- World AIDS Day --- December 1, 2005
- MMWR Weekly - November 25, 2005 / 54(46);1177
- December 1 will mark the 18th observance of World AIDS Day. Begun in 1988, this annual worldwide event was established to increase awareness and education regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Download .pdf document of this issue.- Screening HIV-Infected Persons for Tuberculosis --- Cambodia, January 2004--February 2005
- MMWR Weekly - November 25, 2005 / 54(46);1177
- In Southeast Asia, the mortality rate among HIV-infected TB patients is 25%--40%, a rate 5--10 times higher than that among TB patients not infected with HIV (5). Most of these deaths occur within the first 2 months after TB diagnosis; the high early mortality rate might result from delayed diagnosis of TB. Screening HIV-infected persons can help identify those with TB disease earlier, potentially improving their likelihood of survival. Because HAART reduces mortality in HIV-infected TB patients, screening HIV-infected persons for TB disease might also identify a subset of patients who should be prioritized for enrollment in HAART programs.
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- QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection, by Sex --- United States, 1987--2003
- MMWR Weekly - November 25, 2005 / 54(46);1188
- Mortality attributable to HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) increased rapidly for both men and women during the late 1980s and early 1990s, reaching a peak in the mid-1990s. The rate then decreased sharply until 1997 before leveling off. From 1999 to 2003, men experienced a modest but steady decrease in HIV/AIDS mortality; the death rate for women was unchanged.
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- Trends in HIV/AIDS Diagnoses --- 33 States, 2001--2004
- MMWR Weekly - November 18, 2005 / 54(45);1149-1153
- An important event in HIV/AIDS reporting is the inclusion of data from New York in the analysis of national HIV data in 2005. Although New York implemented name-based HIV/AIDS reporting in June 2000, this is the first time these data have been included in analyses of national surveillance data. As a result, an additional 36,111 HIV/AIDS diagnoses were added to the surveillance system during 2001--2004; this substantial addition should be considered when making comparisons with previous reports. An evaluation of the impact of adding a state with high morbidity to national surveillance data is under way.
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- Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis
- MMWR Recommendations and Reports - September 30, 2005 / 54(RR09);1-17
- This report updates U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for the management of health-care personnel (HCP) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that might contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the principles of exposure management remain unchanged, recommended HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimens have been changed. This report emphasizes adherence to HIV PEP when it is indicated for an exposure, expert consultation in management of exposures, follow-up of exposed workers to improve adherence to PEP, and monitoring for adverse events, including seroconversion. To ensure timely postexposure management and administration of HIV PEP, clinicians should consider occupational exposures as urgent medical concerns.
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- Update: Syringe Exchange Programs --- United States, 2002
- MMWR Weekly - July 15, 2005 / 54(27);673-676
- Syringe exchange programs (SEPs) provide sterile syringes* in exchange for used syringes to reduce transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other bloodborne infections associated with reuse of contaminated syringes by injection-drug users (IDUs). This report summarizes a survey of SEP activities in the United States for January--December 2002 and compares the results with those of previous surveys. The findings indicate that in 2002, for the first time in 8 years, the number of SEPs, the number of localities with SEPs, and public funding for SEPs decreased nationwide; however, the number of syringes exchanged and total budgets across all programs continued to increase.
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- National HIV Testing Day --- June 27, 2005
- MMWR Weekly - June 24, 2005 / 54(24);597
- National HIV Testing Day (NHTD) is June 27. NHTD is sponsored by the National Association of People with AIDS to encourage persons at risk to receive voluntary counseling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This year's theme, "Take the Test. Take Control," highlights the need for testing and counseling persons at risk to maintain their health and protect their partners. In addition, this year marks the 20th anniversary of the first commercially available HIV test (1), and NHTD offers an opportunity to recognize how much progress has been made in diagnosing, counseling, treatment, and care since 1985.
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- HIV Prevalence, Unrecognized Infection, and HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men --- Five U.S. Cities, June 2004--April 2005
- MMWR Weekly - June 24, 2005 / 54(24);597
- Well into the third decade of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, rates of HIV infection remain high, especially among minority populations. Of newly diagnosed HIV infections in the United States during 2003, CDC estimated that approximately 63% were among men who were infected through sexual contact with other men, 50% were among blacks, 32% were among whites, and 16% were among Hispanics (1). Studies of HIV infection among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in the mid to late 1990s revealed high rates of HIV prevalence, incidence, and unrecognized infection, particularly among young black MSM (2-4). To reassess those findings and previous HIV testing behaviors among MSM, CDC analyzed data from five of 17 cities participating in the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system. This report summarizes preliminary findings from the HIV-testing component of NHBS, which indicated that, of MSM surveyed, 25% were infected with HIV, and 48% of those infected were unaware of their infection. To decrease HIV transmission, MSM should be encouraged to receive an HIV test at least annually, and prevention programs should improve means of reaching persons unaware of their HIV status, especially those in populations disproportionately at risk.
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- Use of Social Networks to Identify Persons with Undiagnosed HIV Infection --- Seven U.S. Cities, October 2003--September 2004
- MMWR Weekly - June 24, 2005 / 54(24);601-605
- An estimated 250,000 persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States are not aware of their infections and their risk for transmitting HIV (1). As part of CDC's Advancing HIV Prevention Initiative, identifying persons with undiagnosed HIV infection and linking them to medical care and prevention services is a national priority (2). In 2003, a 2-year demonstration project was begun with nine community-based organizations (CBOs) in seven cities to evaluate the effectiveness of using a social network strategy (3) at multiple sites to identify persons at risk for HIV infection and direct them to HIV counseling, testing, and referral (CTR).
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- National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness and Information Day --- February 7, 2005
- MMWR Weekly - February 4, 2005 / 54(04);89
- National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness and Information Day is observed each year on February 7 to call attention to the disproportionate impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on the black population in the United States. The event is sponsored by a coalition of nongovernment organizations, with support from CDC.
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- HIV Transmission Among Black Women -- North Carolina, 2004
- MMWR Weekly - February 4, 2005 / 54(04);89-94
- In 2003, women constituted 28% of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases in the United States; approximately 69% of those cases were among non-Hispanic black women (1). Heterosexual transmission is now the most commonly reported mode of HIV transmission among women. In North Carolina, black women make up a growing proportion of newly reported HIV infections and, in 2003, the HIV-infection rate for black women in North Carolina was 14 times higher than that for white women.
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- Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection-Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV in the United States
- MMWR Recommendations and Reports, January 21, 2005 / 54(02);1-20
- The most effective means of preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is preventing exposure. The provision of antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV infection after unanticipated sexual or injection-drug--use exposure might be beneficial. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Working Group on Nonoccupational Postexposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) made the following recommendations for the United States. For persons seeking care ≤72 hours after nonoccupational exposure to blood, genital secretions, or other potentially infectious body fluids of a person known to be HIV infected, when that exposure represents a substantial risk for transmission, a 28-day course of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is recommended.
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