Important note: Information in this article was accurate in February 2003. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
Gender and Vaccines: A Bibliography
IAVI Report - February / April 2003
DIFFERENCES IN VACCINE-INDUCED RESPONSES
Monath, T. et al., Comparative safety and immunogenicty of two yellow fever 17D vaccines (ARILVAX and YF-VAX) in a phase III, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial.Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002 May;66(5):533-41
Vaccines: live attenuated yellow fever vaccines from two different manufacturers
Key findings: Male gender, Caucasian race and smoking associated with higher antibody titers.
Pittman, Phillip. Aluminum-containing vaccine associated adverse events: role of route of administration and gender.Vaccine 2002 May 31;20 Suppl 3:S48-50
Key Findings: The frequency and severity of local reactions was statistically higher in women than in men following first subcutaneous immunization. Women receiving SQ immunization also had higher antibody titers than men receiving the same course (unpublished data presented at Sex and Gender Issues in HIV, Washington DC, November 2002, sponsored by the Forum for Collaborative Research. Available at: www.hivforum.org/publications/PhillipPittman.pdf
Pittman, Phillip Effect of Gender on Antibody Response and Adverse Events Associated with Immunization, Sex and Gender Issues in HIV, Washington DC, November 2002, sponsored by the Forum for Collaborative HIV Research. Available at: www.hivforum.org/publications/PhillipPittman.pdf
Vaccine: live attenuated yellow fever vaccine
Key findings: Women statistically less likely to respond than men (15% versus 9% nonresponders).
Pittman, et al.Long-term duration of detectable neutralizing antibodies after administration of VEE vaccine and following booster with inactivated VEE vaccine, Vaccine 1996 Mar;14(4):337-43
Vaccines: live attenuated Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) vaccine with whole-killed boost (formalin-inactivated virus, in adjuvant C-84).
Key findings: Age and gender influence level of antibody responses. Males were 2.2 times more likely to respond to live-attenuated VEE (defined as antibody titers above a specific threshold) than matched female counterparts. 18-39 year olds were 2.1 times more likely to respond than volunteers over age 40.
Vaccines: live attenuated measles vaccines at10-fold (medium titer) and 100-fold greater titers than standard measles vaccine
Key findings: Increased mortality was associated with high-titer vaccine for girls but not for boys. Similar mortality patterns have been noted in two other populations.
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in February 2003. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
