David Back, PhD, Saye Khoo, MD, and Sara Gibbons, MPhil; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can suppress viral replication and substantially prolong patient life. It can also fail for a number of reasons, including poor adherence, insufficient drug potency, emergence of resistance, cellular factors, and pharmacokinetic factors.
Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care —
Neera Singhal, MBBS, MS, MHA*, and James Austin, MSc (Epi)
This article reviews current literature on the role of micronutrients in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Deficiencies of micronutrients are common in HIV-infected persons. They occur due to malabsorption, altered metabolism, gut infection, and altered gut barrier function. There is a compelling association of deficiencies of micronutrients in HIV-infection with immune deficiency, rapid disease progression, and mortality.
Syed Ali Zaidi, MD, and Joseph S. Cervia, MD, FACP, FAAP
Esophageal disease is a common complication and cause of morbidity in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Opportunistic infections are the leading cause of esophageal complaints and may be a predictor of poor long-term prognosis, presumably as a reflection of severe underlying HIV immunodeficiency. The esophagus may be the site of the first acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining opportunistic illness in a large number of patients.
The immense burden of HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa has focused international interest on HIV care, especially on the lack of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Difficulties in implementing ART in Africa include drug costs, adequate long-term funding sources, assurance of drug quality, and rapid development of the human resources and healthcare infrastructure needed to deliver ART.
Renslow Sherer, MD;*† Joseph Pulvirenti, MD;* Kim Stieglitz, RN, DNSc;* Jyothi Narra, MD;* John Jasek;* Lynn Green, BA;* Billie Moore;* Susan Shott, PhD;† and Mardge Cohen, MD*
Reduction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related morbidity and mortality in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), or the concomitant use of three or more drugs, has been unevenly distributed in the United States, with fewer gains in women, minorities, injection drug users, and persons without health insurance.
Didanosine (ddI) has been a cornerstone of HIV management since it was made available in October 1991. Didanosine was originally introduced as an alternative to zidovudine (ZDV) for patients who were intolerant of ZDV or experienced disease progression during ZDV monotherapy.