Why Get Tested?

AIDS is a frightening disease, but today we have new therapies and approaches that are keeping many people with HIV healthy. The key is action and information. The first and most important step you can take is to find out whether you've been exposed to HIV and what you can do to stay healthy and protect yourself and your loved ones. New therapies can attack the virus, while vitamins, good nutrition, and exercise play a critical role in keeping your body strong.

• Having HIV and having AIDS are not the same thing. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, eventually causing a range of illnesses that are called acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. You can have HIV and remain healthy for many years, but without treatment most people will eventually get sick.

• An HIV-antibody blood test is commonly used to see whether you've been exposed to the virus. This test looks for HIV antibodies, special proteins produced by the body to fight HIV. Other tests measure HIV antibodies in urine and saliva. Most HIV-antibody tests use the ELISA method of detection, which is 99 percent accurate; a more sensitive Western Blot test is used to confirm a positive result.

• A positive test result means you've been exposed to HIV; it doesn't mean you have AIDS. If you test positive, you should plan to see a doctor familiar with HIV and consider other tests for HIV and treatment options to prevent the onset of disease (see "Monitor Your Health").

• A negative test result means you haven't been exposed to the virus or that it's too early to tell; it takes from two weeks to six months for antibodies to develop after a person is exposed to HIV. A negative result does not protect you against future infection.

• Counseling is an important aspect of getting an HIV test. A trained counselor can address your fears and help you prepare for getting the results. You'll need support. If you test positive, there are many resources available to help you cope with the daily challenge of living with HIV (see "Vital Resources").