The early response to HIV infection, called T-helper type 1 (TH1), is strong and effective. In the next phase, often years later, called a TH2 response, immune system cells no longer work as well and a large increase in antibodies to HIV is seen. These antibodies are not as effective against HIV as the earlier response. An increase in this type of antibody may mean that HIV is progressing. A substance called IL-12 may help create an immune system response that leads to a renewed TH1 type response. IL-12 is one of the natural blood proteins called interleukins. Another interleukin, known as IL-2, has been shown to increase T4 cells, but it may also increase HIV activity. IL-12 may be more effective in boosting a useful immune response to fight off HIV infection. The IL-12 being tested is a man-made, or synthetic, version of the natural protein. Lab studies suggest that the synthetic version of IL-12 might be a useful treatment for people with AIDS and HIV. Until extensive testing in humans is done, it is still not certain whether the early TH1 immune response can be restored. Early results offer cautious hope for the future.
IL-12 may be able to boost numbers of T4 cells, and also multiply natural killer cells called cytotoxic T8 cells. T8 cells are an important part of the immune system. One study, done with people without HIV, showed that IL-12 can increase the immune system reaction to the flu virus. The first small studies of IL-12 in HIV+ people have already begun and are filled.
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Always watch for outdated information. This article first appeard in 1994. This material is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor.
This information is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor.