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HIV/AIDS Drug Resistance: HAART resistance prevalence higher among recent versus established HIV infections
AIDSWEEKLY Plus; Monday, July 17, 2006
Staff Medical Writers
According to recent research from Canada, “Published results on primary or transmitted HIV drug resistance may be biased because they have been largely derived from specific cohort studies or higher risk individuals who present symptomatically.”
“Here, we present results from a representative population-based study of newly diagnosed cases of HIV in Canada and compare the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance between recent and established infections.”
“Available archived sera taken for the purpose of diagnostic HIV testing from all treatment-naive HIV-positive individuals who were newly diagnosed between 2000 and 2001 were tested for recency of infection, HIV-1 subtype, and mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors (PIs).”
“Recent infections were identified using the Organon Teknika Vironostika HIV-1-LS assay. After full-length sequencing of the pol gene, drug resistance mutations were identified using the 2004 International AIDS Society-USA mutations panel,” researchers said.
“Differences in drug resistance profiles between recent and prevalent infections were examined using the chi2 test and the Fisher exact test. The variables examined included gender, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, exposure category, ethnicity, and HIV-1 subtype,” wrote G.C. Jayaraman and colleagues at the Public Health Agency Canada.
“Among the study population,” reported scientists, “8.1% had genotypic evidence of transmitted drug resistance: 4.1% against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 1.4% against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 1.5% against PIs, and 1% against greater than or equal to 2 classes of drugs.
“A higher proportion of recent infections had genotypic evidence of transmitted drug resistance when compared with established infections (12.2 vs. 6.1%, respectively; p=0.005).”
“Transmitted drug resistance was identified mainly among recently infected Caucasian men who have sex with men but it was not limited to this group. Compared with the year 2000,” Jayaraman continued, “a higher proportion of recently infected individuals with resistance-conferring mutations were diagnosed during the year 2001 (66.7% vs. 46.6%).”
“In Canada, transmitted drug resistance is occurring within all 3 drug classes and across different population groups. The results suggest that the prevalence rates may be higher among recent versus established infections.
“Given the public health implications of transmitting drug-resistant HIV,” concluded investigators, “it is important to continue population-based drug resistance surveillance to guide optimum prevention and treatment of HIV infection.”
Jayaraman and colleagues published their study in Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (A population-based approach to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug-resistant HIV among recent versus established HIV infections - Results from the Canadian HIV strain and drug resistance surveillance program. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 May;42(1):86-90).
For additional information, contact G.C. Jayaraman, Publ Health Agcy Canada, Surveillance & Risk Assessment Division, Tunneys Pasture, Bldg 6, A-L 0602B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
Publisher contact information for the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 530 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19106-3621, USA.
Keywords: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, HIV/AIDS, Drug Resistance, HAART, Recent Versus Established Infection.
This article was prepared by AIDS Weekly editors from staff and other reports.
Reference
Jayaraman GC, Archibald CP, Kim J, et al., “A population-based approach to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug-resistant HIV among recent versus established HIV infections: results from the Canadian HIV strain and drug resistance surveillance program”, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 May;42(1):86-90.
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