AIDSWEEKLY Plus; Monday, August 4, 2003
Michael Greer, Senior Medical Writer

Jun Zhao and colleagues at the National Cancer Center in Bethesda, Maryland, the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, and Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., in Kensington, Maryland "investigated the ability of a replication-competent Ad5hr-SIVenv/rev and Ad5hr-SIVgag recombinant priming/gp120 boosting regimen to induce protective immunity in rhesus macaques against pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus_mac251."

Although it did not completely protect against infection, this regimen produced robust cellular and humoral anti-SIV immune activity, Zhao and coauthors found.

All of the immunized animals developed SIV-neutralizing serum antibodies, with immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies targeting the SIV coat protein gp120 seen in secretory fluids, the researchers said. Vaccinated animals also showed anti-SIV T-cell activity for more than 10 months after treatment.

While all of the immunized macaques became infected with SIV after challenge, 8 of 12 animals had significantly reduced viremia compared to controls, study data indicated. None of these eight macaques carried Mamu-A*01, a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen known to confer protection against SIV.

Nonneutralizing IgG antibodies against gp120 in nasal and vaginal fluid after vaccination were significantly correlated with a protective effect (Improved protection of rhesus macaques against intrarectal simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 challenge by a replication-competent Ad5hr-SIVenv/rev and Ad5hr-SIVgag recombinant priming/gp120 boosting regimen. J Virol. 2003 Aug;77(15):8354-65.

"The results suggest that a spectrum of immune responses may be necessary for adequate control of viral replication and disease progression and highlight a potential role for nonneutralizing antibodies at mucosal sites," Zhao and colleagues concluded.

The corresponding author for this report is Marjorie Robert-Guroff, NIH, NCI, 41 Library Dr., Bldg. 41, Rm. D804, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. E-mail: guroffm@exchange.nih.gov.

Key points reported in this study include:

1. A novel adenovirus-based vaccine against the simian version of HIV (SIV) has delivered promising results in macaques

2. A prime-boost regimen using Ad5hr vectors elicited robust cellular and humoral activity against several viral proteins

3. The protective effect of this vaccine regimen was linked to the production of nonneutralizing anti-gp120 antibodies in nasal and vaginal fluid

This article was prepared by AIDS Weekly editors from staff and other reports.

Reference

Zhao J, Pinczewski J, Gomez-Roman VR, et al., "Improved protection of rhesus macaques against intrarectal simian immunodeficiency virus SIV(mac251) challenge by a replication-competent Ad5hr-SIVenv/rev and Ad5hr-SIVgag recombinant priming/gp120 boosting regimen", J Virol. 2003 Aug;77(15):8354-65.

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