AIDSWEEKLY Plus; Monday, June 2, 2003
Michael Greer, Senior Medical Writer

Diana I. Albu and colleagues at Albany Medical College in Albany, New York and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland "investigated the induction of protective mucosal immunity to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate 89.6 by intranasal (i.n.) immunization of mice with gp120 and gp140 together with interleukin-12 (IL-12) and cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) as adjuvants."

The two adjuvant proteins synergistically augmented mucosal antibody activity in animals, Albu and coauthors reported.

The researchers examined the effects of IL-12 and CTB on vaccine efficacy using a murine model. The presence of both adjuvants was necessary for the induction of mucosal antibody responses by glycoprotein vaccines, they found.

Treatment with gp140 produced heightened levels of HIV-specific mucosal antibodies compared to gp120-based immunization, study data revealed. However, neutralizing activity against the 89.6 HIV strain was not seen in animals lacking gp120-specific antibodies.

Intranasal vaccination elicited increased antibody activity in serum, vaginal washes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (Intranasal vaccination using interleukin-12 and cholera toxin subunit B as adjuvants to enhance mucosal and systemic immunity to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoproteins. J Virol 2003 May 15;77(10):5589-97.

"Taken together, the results show that IL-12 and CTB act synergistically to enhance both systemic and local mucosal antibody responses to HIV-1 glycoproteins," Albu and colleagues concluded, "and that even though gp140 induces higher antibody titers than gp120, only gp120-specific mucosal antibodies interfere with virus infectivity."

The corresponding author for this report is Dennis W. Metzger, Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, MC 151, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA. E-mail: metzged@mail.amc.edu.

Key points reported in this study include:

• Interleukin (IL)-12 and cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) adjuvants enhance mucosal immune activity elicited by a HIV glycoprotein-based vaccine

• Both adjuvants were needed for the induction of mucosal antibody responses

• Intranasal immunization enhanced antibody activity

This article was prepared by AIDS Weekly editors from staff and other reports.

Reference

Albu DI, Jones-Trower A, Woron AM, et al., "Intranasal vaccination using interleukin-12 and cholera toxin subunit B as adjuvants to enhance mucosal and systemic immunity to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoproteins", J Virol 2003 May 15;77(10):5589-97

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