Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 2008. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Reuters NewMedia - October 14, 2008
Wendell Roelf

The United States is the center of AIDS vaccine research. Its government contributed $659 million, or 69 percent of the funds earmarked for research in 2007, according to data released at a global AIDS vaccine conference in Cape Town.

But a credit crunch has raised fears that the world's richest economy could be headed for recession, prompting the U.S. government and private sector to cut funding to a broad range of programs, including AIDS research.

"If there is a downturn in the economy it's going to potentially have a negative impact on funding for science in general and HIV vaccine research in particular," Alan Bernstein, executive director of the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, told Reuters at the conference.

The conference -- a gathering of many of the top names in HIV research -- follows a year that saw scientists drop plans for widespread human testing of the two most promising vaccine prototypes due to safety concerns.

The AIDS virus infects an estimated 33 million people globally and has killed between 23 and 25 million since it was identified in the 1980s. Cocktails of anti-retroviral drugs can control the virus, but there is no cure.

The two stalled vaccines, one developed by drug giant Merck and the other by U.S. government researchers, both aimed to fight AIDS by jump-starting T-cells to tackle the virus and stop or slow the progress of HIV-related disease.

Early results from a large human trial of the Merck product were discouraging, and data showed the vaccine may have left some people more prone to HIV infection -- halting the tests and prompting some scientists to reconsider the model.

Although disappointing to scientists, the results have not led to a complete halt in vaccine testing.

Two South African-developed vaccines will be tested early next year to see if they are safe for further human trials as part of a joint effort between South African and U.S. researchers.

South Africa has the largest HIV/AIDS caseload in Africa.

Bernstein said it was crucial that large pharmaceutical companies invest more in the vaccine research.

"I start from the strong belief that we will not have a vaccine without significant industry engagement," Bernstein said.

(Editing by Paul Simao)

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