The New York Times - July 7, 2008
Sheryl Gay Stolberg

The leaders of seven African countries and eight industrialized nations emerged divided after three hours of closed-door meetings dominated by Zimbabwe, where Robert Mugabe was sworn in last month for a sixth term as president after weeks of violence against his opposition, followed by a one-candidate runoff that leaders around the world called a sham.

The United States and Britain have proposed an international arms embargo and sanctions on the Zimbabwe government. But with Mugabe warning Western nations not to interfere, and the African Union already on record as rejecting sanctions, the head of the union, the Tanzanian president, Jakaya Kikwete, suggested that a power-sharing agreement was the answer.

"We are saying no party can govern alone in Zimbabwe," Kikwete said at a news conference with President George W. Bush after the meetings, "and therefore the parties have to work together to come up to - to come out, work together, in a government, and then look at the future of their country together."

Addressing Bush, he said: "We understand your concerns, but I want to assure you that the concerns you have expressed are indeed the concerns of many of us on the African continent. The only area that we may differ on is the way forward."

Bush said he and other Western leaders had "listened carefully" to their African counterparts.

But he did not mention any discussion of sanctions and ignored reporters' questions on the issue. Bush said: "You know I care deeply about the people of Zimbabwe. I'm extremely disappointed in the elections, which I labeled a sham election."

The leaders are gathered on the mountainous northern Japanese island of Hokkaido for the Group of Eight summit meeting. Technically, the group includes the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Canada, Russia and Japan. The annual event has broadened to include leaders from around the world, including the so-called Africa outreach group of seven African leaders, from Tanzania, Algeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal and South Africa.

The talks draw protesters and a shadow meeting as well. Two hours north of the official meeting site, in Sapporo, the largest city in Hokkaido, globalization foes held a third day of protests focused on agriculture Monday, including a march and an alternative gathering of nongovernmental organizations.

About 150 people, some made up as clowns or dressed in black-spotted cow suits, marched through central Sapporo. While Japan has not been as hard hit as many poor countries by rising food prices, organizers said the current food crisis was a chance to rethink agricultural trade, and rely more on locally grown products.

The marchers, who chanted "No more G-8!" in English and Japanese, included Japanese farmers and a handful of activists from Europe, the United States and Latin America. In the heavy-handed style of Japan's security during the summit meeting so far, there were about the same number of police officers as protesters. The police formed a cordon around the march and followed in four blue and white buses.

"We face a food crisis, but the G-8 has no answers," said a march organizer, Yoshitaka Mashima, who is vice chairman of the Japan Family Farmers Movement. "This is an opening for us to appeal to the public with new ideas."

The food crisis was also an issue in the meeting with African leaders, according to officials who attended. Bush has made helping Africa, especially his program to fight global AIDS, a centerpiece of his foreign policy agenda, and has said repeatedly that he intends to use the meeting this year to press his fellow G-8 leaders to live up to their 2005 pledge to double development aid to Africa by 2010.

According to the advocacy group One, which is based in the United States and focuses on fighting poverty and AIDS around the world, just 14 percent of those pledges have been filled.

Dan Price, a deputy national security adviser to Bush, said the African leaders had spoken of the "essential need" for wealthy nations to live up to their pledges at the Monday meeting.

But despite the focus on poverty and disease, it was clear that Zimbabwe weighed most heavily on the leaders' minds.

Bush said the leaders had spent "a fair amount of time" talking about the political situation there.

The African Union leaders have publicly offered only limited criticism of Mugabe over the violence before the June 27 runoff. In the weeks before the vote, state-sponsored enforcers beat and killed followers of Morgan Tsvangirai, the opposition leader who won 48 percent to Mugabe's 43 percent in the first round of elections. Days before the runoff, Tsvangirai withdrew.

Many African leaders have sought to persuade Mugabe to agree to a power-sharing arrangement with Tsvangirai and his Movement for Democratic Change, so far to no avail.

Last week, the United States formally introduced a sanctions resolution at the United Nations, calling for an international arms embargo and punitive measures against the 14 people deemed to be most responsible for the violence.

But the African Union argues that it is a problem that can be dealt with locally, and after the session Monday, it was clear that this had not changed.

As Price, the deputy national security adviser, said, "It's fair to say that not all African leaders are in a position to support sanctions at this time."

Martin Fackler contributed reporting.
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