Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 2006. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
Los Angeles Times - August 13, 2006
Jia-Rui Chong, Times Staff Writer
The integrase inhibitor, used in a drug cocktail with two others, reduced the amount of HIV in 90% of patients to undetectable levels in 24 weeks. Much of the reduction occurred in the first four to eight weeks, said Dr. Robin Isaacs, who led the research.
Isaacs, executive director of clinical research for the drug's maker, Merck & Co., said those results were achieved faster than a drug cocktail that included efavirenz, which is used commonly as a first treatment for newly infected patients.
The study, conducted by Merck, was released Saturday to coincide with the opening of the International AIDS Conference in Toronto.
The integrase inhibitors "really look fantastic, with very few side effects," said Mark Wainberg, a professor at McGill University in Montreal and cochair of the conference.
The results encouraged researchers who called this new class of drugs the most promising since fusion inhibitors were approved to treat AIDS by the Food and Drug Administration three years ago.
Integrase inhibitors prevent the human immunodeficiency virus from replicating by blocking its ability to patch its DNA onto a cell's.
So far, the Merck drug, when combined with two others, tenofovir and lamivudine, appeared promising for new patients and those who have been on drug therapy for a long time, Isaacs said.
In data presented earlier this year, as many as 72% of patients who had developed resistance to multiple drugs saw the concentration of HIV in their blood drop to undetectable levels after 16 weeks of taking the drug, called MK-0518.
The latest study examined patients who had recently started drug treatment. A group of 198 patients took 100 to 600 milligrams of the integrase inhibitor twice a day, along with the two other drugs.
A control group took 600 milligrams of efavirenz once a day with the same two drugs.
The integrase-inhibitor cocktail at all doses suppressed the virus quicker than the efavirenz combination did, though they performed about the same at the end of 24 weeks, Isaacs said.
The drug still has several years of testing before it can be reviewed by the FDA.
Gilead Sciences Inc. has also been testing an integrase inhibitor, though its development is not as far along as the Merck drug's.
In a presentation earlier this year on a 40-patient trial, Gilead researchers reported that its drug showed an almost tenfold reduction in virus multiplication when taken by itself once a day. When taken once a day with another drug that helped the integrase inhibitor last longer in the bloodstream, the reduction was a hundredfold.
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