Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 2002. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
Integrated Regional Information Networks - November 12, 2002
The current food crisis threatens six million Zimbabwean, but people living with HIV/AIDS "may have difficulty accessing food aid because of impaired mobility, ostracism, or stigma. Within households, the distribution of food may favor those perceived to be more healthy and productive; those who are HIV-positive may be given low priority," the AIDS Profile Project, undertaken by the University of California San Francisco's AIDS Policy Research Centre, said.
It found that despite high levels of awareness of HIV/AIDS, high levels of stigma remained. Consequently, there was tremendous fear around being tested for HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe. Over 90 percent of those infected were unaware of their HIV status, the country brief said.
Traditionally, sickness and disease was considered punishment by one's ancestors for immorality and unfaithfulness and people with HIV/AIDS were still perceived as having done something wrong.
"Zimbabwe's Tsungirirai AIDS Service Organisation reports that 'HIV/AIDS is a disease of shame. People with HIV are shunned and treated with contempt and described as immoral' Even in recent years, when a sizable number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PWAs) are open about their condition, stigma remains and tends to prevent PWAs from receiving adequate care and treatment," it added.
According to the profile, reports of AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in communal farming communities found that community leaders at times made discriminatory statements during graveside funeral orations.
In their responses to the epidemic, many faith-based organisations still found it difficult to address stigma and discrimination towards PWAs, as they could not openly discuss sexual behaviour and sexuality.
The profile also outlined the effects of political violence and the humanitarian crisis on the epidemic.
The country's fast-track land reform programme has been accompanied by large movements of people, regroupings of family units and exposure to new sexual networks. "This population mobility can increase vulnerability to acquiring HIV," the report noted.
HIV/AIDS, drought, fast-track land reform, and the deteriorating economic situation have made most coping strategies "irrelevant".
The extended family safety net and local support networks were now increasingly under pressure, the profile said.
At the end of 2001, UNAIDS estimated that 2.3 million Zimbabweans were living with HIV/AIDS. Of infected adults, 1.2 million (60 percent) were women.
Zimbabwe's adult HIV prevalence was 33.7 percent, the third-highest in the world.
However, preliminary findings from ante-natal clinics in 2001 noted declines in the HIV status of the youngest women. Those positive signs were now threatened by the current humanitarian crisis. Young women in particular - who resorted to exchanging sex for food or cash - were at risk of increased HIV exposure, the study said.
For more information on Zimbabwe's AIDS Profile: http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cr09-zi-00#top
The AIDS Profile Project has also developed updated profiles of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
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