Risk Factors and Clinical Presentation of Acute Primary HIV Infection in India

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1997. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Risk Factors and Clinical Presentation of Acute Primary HIV Infection in India

Journal of the American Medical Association (12/17/97) Vol. 278, No. 23, P. 2085
Bollinger, Robert; Brookmeyer, Ronald; Mehendale, Sanjay M; et al.

Abstract: Johns Hopkins University researchers and colleagues conducted a nested case-control study in Pune, India, to identify the risk factors for newly acquired HIV infection and the symptoms of acute HIV infection. The team examined 3,874 HIV antibody- negative people and found that 58 tested positive for p24 antigens and probably had been infected within the prior three weeks. More than three-quarters of the 51 p24 antigenemic men reported having unprotected sexual contact with a commercial sex worker, compared to 51 percent of 255 control men. In addition, nearly 80 percent of p24 antigenemic men and women had an active genital ulcer, compared to 47 percent among the control group. Scientists identified fever, joint pain, and/or night sweats as symptoms independently associated with p24 antigenemia in HIV antibody-seronegative persons, with 47 percent of the subjects with recent HIV infection reporting such symptoms. The researchers concluded that unprotected sex with a commercial sex worker and genital ulcers are independent risk factors linked to recent HIV infection. They also noted that p24 antigen testing in HIV antibody-negative individuals was a "reliable and effective" technique for determining clinical signs of acute primary HIV infection.

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