AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 189-90
Rodabe P. Bharucha-Reid, M. Anthony Schork, and Stanley A. Schwartz
Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a highly sensitive matter, because of the grave psychological and physiological consequences of a positive test result. Nevertheless, such testing is often necessary, so that infected persons can modify behavioral patterns that may put others at high risk of
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 186-88
Elton Kessel
The author offers a general guideline for estimating the risks and benefits of clinical trials of drugs and vaccines in AIDS research and describes strategic considerations for the development effort in order to initiate a dialogue on this subject.
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 181-85
Robert M. Politzer and C. Howard Davis
We have previously professed the importance of examining month-to-month changes in AIDS prevalence, which may presage the future configuration of the epidemic. Such changes are obscured when they are embedded in the prevalence series. Our earlier study showed that intravenous drug use had become the dominant mode of HI
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 178-80
Gayle D. Monnig and Don Johnson
The Worcester, MA, AIDS Consortium therefore developed and implemented a specific plan to educate high-risk groups, including jail inmates, about AIDS. The inmates were offered weekly educational sessions, HIV testing, and follow-up support. Because the effectiveness of this type of program remained undetermined, the a
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 178-80
Gayle D. Monnig and Don Johnson
The Worcester, MA, AIDS Consortium therefore developed and implemented a specific plan to educate high-risk groups, including jail inmates, about AIDS. The inmates were offered weekly educational sessions, HIV testing, and follow-up support. Because the effectiveness of this type of program remained undetermined, the a
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 173-77
Keith V. Bletzer
The survey data reported here were collected by the author, who serves as coordinator for the Migrant AIDS Education Project sponsored by Michigan Economics for Human Development (MEHD). The agency developed its migrant AIDS education program by cooperating with agencies in the four other states that comprise the Midwe
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 167-72
Ronald Turner
In School Board of Nassau County, Florida v. Arline, the U.S. Supreme Court held that a school teacher with tuberculosis was a handicapped individual within the meaning of Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Because the condition had required hospitalization, Arline had established that one or mor
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 157-66
Catherine E.M. Kortlandt
In this article, the author will discuss the legal issues surrounding an AIDS patient s living will. The first part of the analysis will address natural death statutes and whether AIDS patients living wills may be brought under that rubric. Next, the common law surrounding termination or withholding of treatment decisi
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 145-56
Rupert E.D. Whitaker and Richard K. Edwards
In the public discourse about AIDS in the United States , remarkably little attention has been paid to the issue of screening immigrants. It would appear that the idea of controlling the spread of AIDS by excluding HIV antibody-positive aliens has met with at least tacit approval on the part of US public health authori
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 142-44
Alvin Novick
Physicians may falsify patients data to enable patients to enter possibly beneficial trials of new drugs. Such falsification will damage not only the trials, but the ill who will benefit from the trials.
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 137-41
Benjamin Freedman
The author examines three ethical issues in the context of Jewish law: (1) the relationship between ethics, sin, and illness, raising issues of biblical ethics; (2) confidentiality and privacy issues and the problems associated with the unfamiliarity of the rabbinic ordering of values; and (3) the duty to care for the
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 132-36.
Mindy Widman, Donald W. Light, and Jerome J. Platt
Hospital care remains the primary mode of treatment for the recurring episodes of illness that characterize AIDS. While such care is necessary and appropriate for the treatment of acute illness, AIDS patients are likely to remain hospitalized beyond the acute stages of illness. Unnecessary hospitalization can thus be a
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 119-31
Margaret L. Brandeau et al.
In this article we identify and review three categories of models of HIV screening and intervention (ranging from very simple to complex) that have been used to study AIDS policy questions. We highlight the relative strengths and weaknesses of each type of model and describe a variety of public policy issues that can b
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 117-18
Jay Johnson and Mark Williams
As part of the nationwide effort to study and control the spread of HIV among IVDUs and their sexual partners, in October 1987 the NIDA established a three-year National AIDS Demonstration and Research (NADR) project in Houston. The Houston NADR employed indigenous outreach worker teams to locate and follow-up more tha
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 112-16
Jeanne Kleyn and Elise S. Lake
As part of a pilot study, intravenous drug users in Seattle, Washington, were asked about their willingness to enter drug treatment, behaviors that might put them at risk for HIV transmission, and their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Their responses to those questions and the relationships between those
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 107-11
Martin Kohn
What follows is a discussion of the symbolic roots of the fears associated with AIDS and those affected by it. Also described is the medical profession s response to previous epidemics and efforts to influence the conduct of medical professionals toward those with AIDS. I conclude that the inflated sense of personal da
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 3 (Summer 1990): 99-106.
David C. Wyld and Sam D. Cappel
This article examines the hard medical, legal, and ethical questions that AIDS raises for health care management. It emphasizes two central issues--the duty to treat and the right of privacy--in the age of AIDS. The article focuses attention on how classic concepts are being both applied and amended in the wake of the
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 94-96
Alvin Novick
In classical clinical trials, involving altruistic subjects, we have had few well-documented evaluations of subject compliance with trial protocols. We may guess that subjects have often cooperated when they felt well-treated. The principal source of noncompliance, especially secretive or unarticulated noncompliance, w
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 89-93
Patricia L. Jakobi
As the number affected by the epidemic grows, policy makers will be confronted increasingly by a conflict common to epidemics throughout history: To what extent can (or should) the rights of the individual be subsumed by the rights (or desires) of the public at large? The resolution of this conflict depends in part upo
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 82-88
Cathy Packer and Susan Kauffman
The mass media have been criticized for not doing a better job of educating the public about AIDS. During the first years of the epidemic, they were criticized for ignoring the epidemic. Although coverage has increased dramatically since the, critics have continued to ridicule the mass media for AIDS coverage that they
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 75-81
Elizabeth A. Harvey, Thomas W. Mangione, and Nancy Salitsky
In this study, physicians in Massachusetts were asked whether they think condoms should be available in schools and, if so, what is the lowest grade level at which they should be available. Questions were also included about attitudes toward sex education and birth control for adolescents. Physicians in Massachusetts w
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 68-74
Robert F. Hummel et al.
In this article, we examine how the issues of testing and counseling, patient monitoring, antidiscrimination and confidentiality legislation, service development, reimbursement, and planning are being resolved in practice, in the strategic planning and implementation of New Jersey s statewide early intervention program
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 64-67
James H. Swan and A.E. Benjamin
This article reports the first detailed data on nursing resource utilization by PWAs in a nursing home setting, providing some much-needed empirical evidence concerning the care requirements of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient population. As part of a larger 1987-1988 study of skilled nursing facil
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 59-63
Charles E. Begley and Elizabeth A. Hintz
Given the limited funding available and the geographic diversity of the AIDS population, is there a difference in the organization and financing of AIDS care between Texas and other states? This article provides information on this question obtained from a statewide hospital survey conducted in the summer of 1988 by th
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 45-48
Alvin Novick
The author asserts that we must not only work to prevent promotional concerns and coercion from interfering with HIV-infection subjects voluntary consent to participate in research, but also invoke well-developed views of what is due to human subjects in research.
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 42-44
John Kleinig
In this brief article, I will consider whether, in fact, the AIDS pandemic presents us with one of those in extremis situations that justifies a redrafting of our traditional liberal values. First of all, however, it might be worthwhile to articulate the background to those values.
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 37-41
John W. Douard
I shall argue in this paper that many of the moral problems associated with AIDS are complicated by the effects of social stigma and deviance labeling on the self-respect of people with AIDS and those who engage in activities considered to present a high risk for transmitting HIV. Labeling people deviant on the basis o
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 32-36
S.S. Fluss and Dineke Zeegers
The standard American Public Health Association (APHA) book on the subject, widely used in the United States as well as in other countries, notes that the first step in the control of a communicable disease is its rapid identification, followed by notification to the local health authority that the disease exists withi
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 29-31
Robert M. Politzer and C. Howard Davis
With few resources available to combat the spread of infection, and in the absence of a cure, the duration and intensity of the epidemic will depend, first, on the analysts ability to identify those at the highest risk of acquiring and transmitting the infection and, second, on the epidemiologists acumen in molding pre
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 24-28
Kenneth W. Kizer et al.
As the California ATS program has evolved, and as the safety of the blood supply has been assured, greater focus has been placed on the role of the ATS sites in providing educational services emphasizing the prevention of HIV transmission. The program is especially designed to provide test-linked education to persons e
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 17-23
Bonita Stanton et al.
To aid in the operationalization of this earlier experience, we will identify variables that are common to theories and models that have been proposed to explain risk behaviors in youths, especially those who are at the highest risk of engaging in HIV risk behaviors by virtue of living in inner cities. In this article,
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 9-16
Edmund G. Howe
This analysis will focus on the psychological factors likely to affect women under each of these circumstances and, in light of these factors, the degree to which physicians should adhere to customary values such as maintaining patients confidentiality and remaining morally neutral. The implications of recent findings
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 3-8
Judith M. Martin and Henry S. Sacks
We conducted a survey to determine how state agencies and pediatric investigators are approaching the treatment of HIV-infected children in foster care. The state agencies reported more than 331,000 children in foster care (a designation that includes any child out of home placement). Of these, more than 785 were known
AIDS & Public Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (Spring 1990): 51-58
Judy K. Ball, Joyce V. Kelly, and Barbara J. Turner
There have been few national studies of financing for AIDS care. Before public policy makers can plan for both short- and long-term health care financing for AIDS , they must know more about the distribution of AIDS patients across payors and providers. Also, they need to understand how payor, provider, and patient cha
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