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9th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions
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Cite as: Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):Lx
where x is the page number
| Plenary Session |
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| PL-01 | PATHOGENESIS OF HEPATIC FIBROGENESIS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L3 (abstract no. PL-01 SL Friedman Ultimately, advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of hepatic fibrosis are critical to the development of effective, targeted antifibrotic therapy that may benefit millions of patients with chronic liver disease worldwide. |
| PL-02 | ADVERSE EVENT MONITORING IN A RESOURCE-POOR SETTING Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L3 (abstract no. PL-02) SL Banoo Not available |
| PL-03 | CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L3 (abstract no. xx J Shaw Not available |
| PL-04 | INSULIN SIGNALLING WITHIN ADIPOCYTES Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L3 (abstract no. PL-04) D James Not available |
| PL-05 | ASSESSMENT OF DRUG-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN HIV PATIENTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L3 (abstract no. PL-05 CI Bagnis There is no need to be a nephrologist to appropriately screen for renal disease, monitor renal parameters, carefully adapt drug dosage when mandatory and thus allow preservation of renal function in HIV patients. |
| Oral Sessions |
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| O-01 | INCIDENCE OF HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NEVIRAPINE-CONTAINING HAART IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR TREATMENT EXPERIENCE MAY DIFFER FROM THAT IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE PATIENTS: THE ATHENA COHORT STUDY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L4 (abstract no. O-01) F Wit1, A Kesselring2, L Gras2, C Richter3, M van der Ende4, K Brinkman5, J Lange1, F de Wolf2 and P Reiss1 Treatment-experienced patients with low pre-ART CD4 counts, high current CD4 counts and undetectable viral load have a similar risk for developing HSR when they switch to NVP compared with treatment-naïve patients with low CD4 counts. This suggests that NVP may be safely initiated in such patients. |
| O-02 | NEVIRAPINE INCREASES HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL BY STIMULATION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN AI SYNTHESIS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L5 (abstract no. O-02) RR Sankatsing1, R Franssen1, E Hassink2, HP Sauerwein1, K Brinkman3, R Oesterholt1, A Arenas-Pinto4, I Williams4, S Storfer5, JJ Kastelein1, P Reiss1 and ES Stroes1 NVP increased apoAI and HDLc by selectively promoting apoAI production without affecting HDL catabolism. This may contribute to why the increased CVD risk with PI-based therapy has not been found with treatment including NNRTI. Moreover, in view of the recent disappointing results of HDL increasing strategies with the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib targeting HDL degradation, our findings may lead to the identification of more promising novel targets for increasing HDLc. |
| O-03A | EFFECTS OF EFAVIRENZ ON LIPID METABOLISM IN APOE*3*LEIDEN hCETP DOUBLE-TRANSGENIC MICE: EVIDENCE FOR ANTAGONISM OF LXR PATHWAY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L5 (abstract no. O-03A OP Flint1, A Bellamine1, MA Noor1, JWA van der Hoorn2, HMG Princen2 and RA Parker1 In this double transgenic mouse model, EFV prevented the marked up-regulation of plasma CETP levels induced by a potent LXR agonist. EFV also blocked some of the increases in plasma lipids observed with the LXR agonist. The demonstration of in vivo functional antagonism by EFV of a major LXR response gene, CETP, which is known to regulate human lipoprotein CE/TG exchange and affect HDL-C levels, suggests a potential molecular mechanism for the influence of EFV on human lipid profiles. |
| O-03B | MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR EFAVIRENZ EFFECTS ON LIPID METABOLISM Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L6 (abstract no. O-03B O Flint, A Bellamine, M Noor and R Parker At levels approaching its Cmax, EFV antagonizes LXR transcriptional activity in cells and displaces binding of natural and synthetic LXR agonists in vitro. These effects provide a possible mechanism for EFV suppression of lipogenic gene expression including the important LXR target gene CETP in liver and adipose cell lines. These findings support a hypothesis for EFV-mediated elevation of HDL-C through LXR antagonism and reduction in CETP expression and activity. |
| O-04 | DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN VERTICALLY INFECTED CHILDREN AND YOUTH ON PROTEASE INHIBITOR (PI)-CONTAINING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART): PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PACTG 1045 Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L6 (abstract no. O-04) M Aldrovandi1, JC Lindsey2, D Jacobson2, B Heckman3, A Zadzilka3, E Sheeran4, J Moye5, P Borum6, WA Meyer III7, D Hardin8, E DeCarlo9 and K Mulligan10 In this large study of randomly selected youth, there was a high prevalence of lipid abnormalities among those on PI. Insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in both PI and NoPI, but the prevalence of glucose intolerance was relatively low. Dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance may accelerate lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease in vertically infected youth with extensive exposure to ART. |
| O-05 | DESIGN AND OUTCOMES OF AN ANTIRETROVIRAL PHARMACOVIGILANCE PROGRAMME IN SOUTH AFRICA Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L7 (abstract no. O-05 U Mehta1,2, DN Durrheim3, K Cohen1, M Osler3, T Kredo1, A Boulle3 and G Maartens1 This passive stimulated ADR reporting system has been useful in detecting signals, and guiding clinical care and drug policy in the province and nationally. |
| O-06 | METABOLIC CHANGES IN A THAI TREATMENT-NAÏVE POPULATION STARTING DOUBLE-BOOSTED PROTEASE INHIBITOR THERAPY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L7 (abstract no. O-06) J van der Lugt1,2, K Ruxrungtham1,3, S Autar1,2, S Ubolyam1, J Lange1,2,4, D Cooper5, P Phanuphak1,3, D Burger6, F Wit2,4 and P Reiss2,4 Therapy-naïve patients treated with LPV/r + SQV only, at least in the first 6 months, did not show evidence of limb fat loss, but rather overall fat gain in both peripheral and central compartments and dyslipidaemia, particularly in the highest dose group. The latter suggests that metabolic and body composition changes on this PI combination may be exposure-related. |
| O-07 | EFFECTS OF TIPRANAVIR/R (500/200 OR 500/100 MG BID) IN COMPARISON WITH LOPINAVIR/R (400/100 MG BID) ON CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN ARV-NAÏVE PATIENTS OVER 48 WEEKS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L8 (abstract no. O-07 A Carr1, R Zajdenverg2, C Workman3, J Gatell4, P Cahn5, A Ritzhaupt6, W Zhang7 and R Chaves6 After 48 weeks, subcutaneous fat increased with both TPV/r and LPV/r. TPV/r treatment was not associated with increased insulin resistance or increased VAT, in contrast to previous studies with other PIs. |
| O-08 | FURTHER DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF TESAMORELIN (TH9507), A GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR ANALOGUE, ON BODY COMPOSITION AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL FAT ACCUMULATION Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L9 (abstract no. O-08) J Falutz1, S Allas2, J-C Mamputu2, D Potvin2, D Kotler3 and S Grinspoon4 These data provide more information as to the effects of tesamorelin on VAT and related metabolic parameters in HIV-infected patients with central fat accumulation. Significant changes in VAT were mainly achieved within the first 13 weeks of treatment, with further benefits over the following 13 weeks. |
| O-09 | DOES DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) CONFER AN EQUIVALENT RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD) TO PRE-EXISTING CHD IN HIV-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS? Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L10 (abstract no. O-09 SW Worm1, S De Wit2, R Weber3, CA Sabin4, P Reiss5, W El-Sadr6, A D‘Arminio Monforte7, O Kirk8, E Fontas9, F Dabis10, MG Law11, JD Lundgren1 and N Friis-Møller1 on behalf of the D:A:D study group A history of CHD is a far stronger predictor of CHD than a diagnosis of DM in HIV. Prior CHD was a strong predictor of recurrence of CHD, regardless of whether the patient also had DM or not. Conversely, in patients without prior CHD, DM was an important risk factor for CHD, but not a CHD risk equivalent. A higher risk of CHD was observed with longer time since diagnosis of DM. |
| O-10 | THE RATE AT WHICH THERAPY-NAÏVE PATIENTS DEVELOP METABOLIC SYNDROME WHEN TREATED AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: THE SWISS HIV COHORT STUDY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L10 (abstract no. O-10) J Young1, T Glass1, R Weber2, E Bernasconi3, M Rickenbach4, HJ Furrer5, M Cavassini4, P Vernazza6, B Hirschel7, M Battegay1 and HC Bucher1 Each drug class has specific drugs that seem relatively unlikely to lead to MS. |
| O-11 | EFFECT OF ALTERNATE TREATMENT PROTOCOLS ON THE INCIDENCE OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES AMONG HIV-INFECTED ADULTS IN THE SMART TRIAL Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L11 (abstract no. O-11 R Prineas1, M Roediger2, A Carr3, W El-Sadr4, S Esser5, G Grandits6, B Knysz7 and A Palfreeman8 for the SMART Study Group and INSIGHT Intermittent, CD4-guided ART was associated with evidence of myocardial damage, increasing repolarization abnormality, and increase in heart rate — consistent with the outcome in the main trial results of excess CVD outcomes in the DC arm. |
| O-12 | SUBCLINICAL CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS, HIV-INFECTION AND ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: RESULTS FROM THE MULTI-CENTRE AIDS COHORT STUDY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L11 (abstract no. O-12) LA Kingsley1, J Cuervo2, A Munoz2, FJ Palella3, M Budoff4, W Post5, M Witt6 and LH Kuller1 Long-term HAART use (>8 years) was not associated with increases in either the prevalence or extent of coronary atherosclerosis when compared to HIV seronegative men with similar cardiovascular risk profiles. |
| O-13 | MACROPHAGE RECRUITMENT IN ADIPOSE TISSUE FROM HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS UNDER ART: CONCOMITANT PRESENCE OF CLASSICALLY ACTIVATED PRO-INFLAMMATORY M1 AND ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED M2 MACROPHAGES Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L12 (abstract no. O-13 V Avettand-Fenoel1, M Kim2, B Antuna2, A Borjabad1, U Hazan1, E Lanoy3, D Costagliola3, P Leclercq4, JP Bastard2 and J Capeau2 In HIV-infected patients under ART, pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages are concomitantly present in lipodystrophic adipose tissue. Stopping ART allows a specific reduction in pro-inflammatory macrophages. |
| O-14 | THE EFFECT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON GENES INVOLVED WITH GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L12 (abstract no. O-14) M Boothby1, JW Tomlinson2, KC McGee3, S Das4, LL Gathercole2, AL Harte3, P Higgins3, CM Kusminski3, PG McTernan3 and M Shahmanesh1 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression is decreased in HIV patients, but increases after ARV treatment alongside markers of adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucose metabolism. We speculate that enhanced local generation of cortisol through increased 11β-HSD1 expression may underpin these observations. |
| O-15 | ZIDOVUDINE/LAMIVUDINE PERSISTENTLY CONTRIBUTES TO PERIPHERAL INSULIN RESISTANCE BY A BODY COMPOSITION-INDEPENDENT MECHANISM DEMONSTRATED BY REPEATED CLAMP STUDIES DURING 2 YEARS OF FIRST-LINE ART WITH ZIDOVUDINE/LAMIVUDINE/LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L13 (abstract no. O-15 MGA van Vonderen1, RME Blümer2, E Hassink3, J Sutinen4, MT Ackermans2, MA van Agtmael1, H Yki-Jarvinen4, SA Danner1, HP Sauerwein2 and P Reiss2,3 and the MEDICLAS study group The persistent decrease in insulin-mediated glucose uptake observed only on zidovudine/lamivudine/lopinavir/ritonavir, starting prior to measurable limb fat loss and visceral fat accumulation, suggests that zidovudine/lamivudine, independent of any GLUT-4 inhibition by lopinavir/ritonavir, contributes to peripheral insulin resistance by a mechanism which seems independent of changes in fat distribution. |
| O-16 | PIOGLITAZONE WITH OR WITHOUT EXERCISE TRAINING REDUCES LIVER LIPID CONTENT AND IMPROVES INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN HIV WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (IGT) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L14 (abstract no. O-16) DN Reeds, WT Cade, K Mondy, C Bopp, S Lassa-Claxton and KE Yarasheski Pioglitazone with or without exercise training appears to improve hepatic insulin sensitivity, at least partially by reducing liver lipid content. PIO+E improved peripheral glucose disposal rate and insulin sensitivity more than PIO alone. |
| O-17 | EFFECTS OF 4 WEEKS OF ATAZANAVIR, LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR OR PLACEBO ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN HEALTHY MEN Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L14 (abstract no. O-17 MP Dubé, C Shen, ML Greenwald and K Mather Unlike the dramatic impairment seen with indinavir, the newer PIs atazanavir and lopinavir-ritonavir do not induce endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects. Thus, endothelial dysfunction does not appear to be a PI class effect. The cause of the non-lipid-mediated increase in cardiovascular events reported with PIs remains unclear. |
| O-18 | CONTROL OF HIV VIRAL REPLICATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH RAPID IMPROVEMENT IN ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION SUSTAINED OVER 24 WEEKS: A5152S, A SUBSTUDY OF A5142 Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L15 (abstract no. O-18) FJ Torriani1, L Komarow2, BR Cotter1, RL Murphy3, CJ Fichtenbaum4, JS Currier5, MP Dubé6, KE Squires7, M Gerschenson8, CK Mitchell9 and JH Stein9 During the first 24 weeks of ART, effective control of HIV replication improves endothelial function regardless of initial ART regimen or lipid effects. These data suggest that suppression of HIV replication may be more important in decreasing cardiovascular risk than the initial ART combination. |
| O-19 | RELATIONSHIP OF BODY COMPOSITION, ANTIRETROVIRAL USE, AND HIV DISEASE FACTORS TO ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L15 (abstract no. O-19 MP Dubé, C Shen, JS Waltz, ML Greenwald, K Mather and SK Gupta ART use, PI use, CD4 cell count, and HIV RNA levels were not associated with endothelial dysfunction by brachial FMD. Among subjects receiving ART, those with lower limb fat percent and lower thigh SC fat area tended to have worse endothelial function. This suggests that lipoatrophy may be an important contributor to endothelial dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals on ART. |
| O-20 | RELATIONSHIP OF FAT DISTRIBUTION WITH ADIPOKINES IN HIV INFECTION: THE FRAM STUDY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L16 (abstract no. O-20) L Kosmiski1, DP Kotler2, CE Lewis3, R Scherzer4, S Heymesfield5, P Bacchetti6, M Shlipak4,6 and C Grunfeld4,6 The normal relationships between adiponectin levels and total and regional adiposity are lost or weakened in subjects with HIV infection. This may be due to changes in adipocyte function associated with the HIV lipodystrophy syndrome. In contrast, the relationship between adiposity and leptin levels appears similar to controls in the HIV-infected population and unaffected by HIV lipodystrophy. |
| O-21 | PROTEINURIA, CREATININE CLEARANCE AND IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF TREATMENT-NAÏVE STUDIES ACTG 384, A5095 AND A5001 Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L17 (abstract no. O-21 SK Gupta1, L Komarow2, RM Gulick3, RB Pollard4, GK Robbins5, N Franceschini6, LA Szczech7, SL Koletar8 and RC Kalayjian9 Dipstick proteinuria, but not CrCl, was associated with greater levels of activated peripheral CD8 cells in this study of ART-naïve patients with relatively preserved glomerular function. The presence of dipstick proteinuria may be an inexpensive and easily obtained identifier of HIV-infected patients with higher immune activation and consequently greater risk for poor outcomes. |
| O-22 | IMPORTANT CHANGES IN BONE METABOLISM SOON AFTER COMMENCING HAART Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L17 (abstract no. O-22) E Bonnet1,2, L Mabile2, JB Ruidavets1, J Bernard1, F Marion-Latard1, L Cuzin1, F Busato1, F Lucas1, P Massip1, B Marchou1 and B Perret1,2 Initiating HAART in naïve patients leads to a rapid increase in all markers of bone metabolism, including those of bone formation (BAP, osteocalcin) as well as those of bone resorption (β-cross-laps). Nine months after starting HAART, the result of these changes is a significant loss of bone mineral content and bone mineral density as measured by DXA. The loss of BMD in lumbar spine seems to be greater in those patients who received PI. |
| O-23 | URIDINE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH MITOCNOL ANTAGONIZES ZIDOVUDINE-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY AND HYPERLACTATAEMIA IN VIVO Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L18 (abstract no. O-23 D Lebrecht1, C Deveaud2, B Beauvoit2, J Bonnet2, J-B Kirschner3 and UA Walker1,4 Zidovudine, but not zalcitabine, induces a mitochondrial myopathy with thin muscle fibres and hyperlactataemia, both of which are antagonized by Mitocnol. |
| O-24A | RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN LONG-TERM CHANGES IN METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE PERSONS INITIATING HAART Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L19 (abstract no. O-24A) CL Gibert1, JC Shlay2, S Sharma3, G Bartsch3, G Peng3 and C Grunfeld4 for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) In this prospective non-randomized evaluation, changes in metabolic parameters differed by race with Latinos having more adverse changes. Changes in metabolic parameters following initiation of HAART differ by race in addition to recognized differences by specific ART. |
| O-24B | RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN LONG-TERM CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE PERSONS INITIATING HAART Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L19 (abstract no. O-24B) CL Gibert1, JC Shlay2, S Sharma3, G Bartsch3, G Peng3, C Grunfeld4 for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) In this prospective non-randomized evaluation, changes in body composition differed by race with Latinos having the most unfavourable changes and AAs the least. These changes are in addition to recognized differences by specific therapy. |
| Poster Presentations |
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| P-01 | THE EFFECT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON GENES INVOLVED WITH MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L23 (abstract no. P-01 M Boothby1, JW Tomlinson2, KC McGee3, S Das4, LL Gathercole2, AL Harte3, P Higgins3, CM Kusminski3, PG McTernan3 and M Shahmanesh1 Expression of mitochondrial respiratory genes are increased with HIV infection compared to controls. These fall to control levels after 6 months use of zidovudine but not tenofovir. Increased mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in HIV infection may contribute to the abnormalities in adipocyte metabolism in HIV. |
| P-02 | MITOCHONDRIAL IMPAIRMENT IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF HYPERLACTATEMIC PATIENTS ON HAART Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L23 (abstract no. P-02) G Garrabou1, S Lopez1, C Morén1, V Rodriguez1, A Milinkovic2, E Martinez2, J Riba3, J Casademont1, F Cardellach1, JM Gatell2 and O Miro1 HAART-related hyperlactataemia is associated with decreases in mtDNA content (although non-significant), mtDNA-encoded MRC enzymatic activities III and IV, mitochondrial amount and mitochondrial protein synthesis, despite the increase in mtRNA content (although non-significant). After the crisis all these parameters tend to normality. |
| P-03 | RISK FACTORS FOR CASE FATALITY: DO WE NEED A NEW CASE DEFINITION FOR SEVERE HYPERLACTATAEMIA IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS EXPOSED TO NRTIS? Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L24 (abstract no. P-03 A Arenas-Pinto on behalf of the International Lactic Acidosis Study Group Our data suggest that a blood lactate higher than 7 mmol/l is associated with an increased risk of death and may be an appropriate threshold for the diagnosis of severe HL. Patients with confirmed blood lactate above 5 mmol/l may be asymptomatic. Therefore, a case definition based on blood lactate levels might be more appropriate than a definition combining symptoms and lactate values. |
| P-04 | THE RISK OF DEVELOPING NRTI-INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY DECREASES OVER TIME: EVIDENCE FOR SPECIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY FROM THE DELTA TRIAL Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L24 (abstract no. P-04) A Arenas-Pinto1, K Bhaskaran2, D Dunn2 and I Weller1 Our results may support the hypothesis of a special susceptibility in a particular group of patients. Patients who are likely to develop PN when exposed to ddC tended to do so after a short exposure to the drug. |
| P-05 | ACUTE INHIBITION OF MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION BY EFAVIRENZ IN HEPATIC CELLS: A NEW MECHANISM OF DAMAGE FOLLOWING BIOENERGETIC STRESS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L25 (abstract no. P-05 A Blas-García, M Rocha, F Baixauli, A Alvarez, N Martínez-Martín, VM Víctor and JV Esplugues These preliminary results suggest that clinically used concentrations of efavirenz acutely reduce mitochondrial function in hepatic cells. This is followed by a significant diminution in intracellular ATP and probably leads to metabolic stress, which is accompanied by damage in the mitochondrial membranes as suggested by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. These mechanisms could be involved in the toxic effects of efavirenz in the liver. |
| P-06 | SINGLE-DOSE AND CUMULATIVE PHARMACOKINETICS OF THE FOOD SUPPLEMENT NUCLEOMAXX® AND MECHANISM FOR ENHANCED BIOAVAILABILITY OF URIDINE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L25 (abstract no. P-06) ME Weinberg1, MC Roman2, P Jacob1, M Wen1, L Yu1, UA Walker3, K Mulligan1 and M Schambelan1 Repeated dosing with NucleomaxX® resulted in a mean peak plasma uridine concentration >150 µM, a level far greater than that reported with equimolar amounts of pure uridine and in a range known to ameliorate mitochondrial toxicity in vitro. The increased bioavailability may be due to the high proportion (>90%) of TAU in the nucleoside component of NucleomaxX®. |
| P-07 | URIDINE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH MITOCNOL ANTAGONIZES ZIDOVUDINE-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY AND HYPERLACTATAEMIA IN VIVO Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L26 (abstract no. P-07 D Lebrecht1, C Deveaud2, B Beauvoit2, J Bonnet2, JB Kirschner3 and UA Walker1,4 |
| P-08 | EFFECT OF ATAZANAVIR AND LOPINAVIR ON RESISTIN EXPRESSION IN PRIMARY HUMAN MACROPHAGES Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L26 (abstract no. P-08) A Bellamine, C Elosua, C Cao and O Flint Resistin expression was more affected by LPV than ATV, and there was interindividual variability in the response possibly reflecting variability in the underlying resistin genotypes of the donors and their response to the PIs. Further in vitro and clinical studies will be required to elucidate the mechanisms involved. |
| P-09 | THE EFFECT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON GENES INVOLVED WITH GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L27 (abstract no. P-09 M Boothby1, JW Tomlinson2, KC McGee3, S Das4, LL Gathercole2, AL Harte3, P Higgins3, CM Kusminski3, PG McTernan3 and M Shahmanesh1 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression is decreased in HIV patients, but increases after ARV treatment alongside markers of adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucose metabolism. We speculate that enhanced local generation of cortisol through increased 11β-HSD1 expression may underpin these observations. |
| P-10 | GENDER INDEPENDENT TH1/2 CYTOKINE DYSBALANCE ASSOCIATED WITH LIPODYSTROPHY IN HIV-PATIENTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L27 (abstract no. P-10) L Pontes-Cardoso1, LR Souza1, M Peraçoli1, M Stankov2, PC Pereira1 and GMN Behrens2 Lipodystrophy is associated with a significant dysbalance of Th1/2 cytokines towards low circulating TNF-γ and IL-2 levels but higher proinflammatory TNF-α concentrations. These data implicate a relevant impact of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the HIV-therapyassociated lipodystrophy syndrome. |
| P-11 | SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN BASELINE ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND FAT DISTRIBUTION IN HIV-INFECTION-ASSOCIATED ADIPOSE REDISTRIBUTION SYNDROME (HARS) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L27 (abstract no. P-11 K Mulligan1, M Glesby2 and E Freedland3 These data demonstrate that, in HIV-infected patients with excess central fat, there are sex differences in the distribution of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and their relationships to anthropometric measurements. It remains to be determined whether changes in WC and WHR during treatment correlate with changes in VAT or SAT, and if anthropometric measures could potentially serve as surrogate markers to estimate change in VAT. |
| P-12 | FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW LIMB FAT IN A COHORT OF ZIDOVUDINE-TREATED SUBJECTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L28 (abstract no. P-12) G Moyle1, M Fisher2 and SWEET Study Group Lower BMI and longer duration of zidovudine exposure were each independently associated with lower limb fat and greater odds of low limb fat in a cohort of Combivir + efavirenz-treated subjects. |
| P-13 | HEPATIC LIPID AND ADIPOSE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION IN HIV-INFECTED MEN Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L28 (abstract no. P-13 Q He1, G Ionescu1, MJ Glesby2, DP Kotler1 and ES Engelson1 Hepatic lipid content is associated with VAT volume in HIV-infected men. |
| P-14 | RELATIONSHIP OF FAT DISTRIBUTION WITH ADIPOKINES IN HIV INFECTION: THE FRAM STUDY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L29 (abstract no. P-14) L Kosmiski1, DP Kotler2, CE Lewis3, R Scherzer4, S Heymesfield5, P Bacchetti6, M Shlipak4,6 and C Grunfeld4,6 The normal relationships between adiponectin levels and total and regional adiposity are lost or weakened in subjects with HIV infection. This may be due to changes in adipocyte function associated with the HIV lipodystrophy syndrome. In contrast, the relationship between adiposity and leptin levels appears similar to controls in the HIV-infected population and unaffected by HIV lipodystrophy. |
| P-15 | EVOLUTION OF BODY COMPOSITION IN HIV-INFECTED LIPODYSTROPHIC MEN TREATED WITH ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L29 (abstract no. P-15 E Degris1, A Sommet1, E Bonnet2, P Massip2, M Obadia2, C Aquilina3, S Sire4, F Marion-Latard2, B Perret2, J Montastruc1 and J Bernard2 These data show that lipodystrophy can improve slowly after several years, associated with a gain in total fat without modification in total lean mass. BMD seems to decrease irrespective of the evolution of lipodystrophy. We cannot conclude on a role of drugs in lipodystrophy. |
| P-16 | FOLLOW-UP OF LIPODYSTROPHY AND METABOLIC ALTERATIONS IN THE ANRS APROCO-COPILOTE COHORT STUDYING HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS INITIATED WITH PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN 1997 AND 1998: RELATION TO ADIPONECTIN, LEPTIN AND TRIGLYCERIDES LEVELS AND TO TNF POLYMORPHISMS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L30 (abstract no. P-16) JP Bastard1, E Pereira2, J Reynes3, M Kim1, C Tse1, S Herson4, M Maachi1, M Hellet2, JL Ecobichon5, F Raffi6, G Chene2 and J Capeau1 The prevalence of lipoatrophy increased with time in patients initiated with PI in 1997–1998. Its presence was positively related to age, duration of infection and triglycerides, and negatively to BMI and adiponectin. TNF polymorphisms were not associated with lipodystrophy and metabolic alterations. The prevalence of a metabolic syndrome was unchanged during evolution while that of diabetes increased. |
| P-17 | LONG-TERM SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE CHANGES AMONG ANTIRETROVIRAL NAÏVE PERSONS INITIATING THREE NUCLEOSIDE REGIMENS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L30 (abstract no. P-17 JC Shlay1, S Sharma2, G Bartsch2, G Peng2, CL Gibert3 and C Grunfeld4 for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) In this prospective evaluation, subcutaneous tissue changes varied by regimen. Similar losses demonstrated for d4T and ZDV, while ABC had gains. Differences in early versus late slopes for d4T and ZDV suggest initial recovery followed by long-term treatment effect. |
| P-18 | VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION FOR FACIAL LIPOATROPHY IN HIV-INFECTED ADULTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L31 (abstract no. P-18) J Fontdevila1, J Berenguer2, E Prades3, T Pujol2, E Guisantes1, JM Serra-Renom1, J Gatell4 and E Martínez4 This simple and easy-to-use clinical classification showed good reproducibility among different investigators and discriminated against the amount of cheek fat in HIV-infected adults with facial lipoatrophy. In the absence of simple and accurate methods to measure the degree of facial lipoatrophy, this classification may be useful for clinical and research purposes. |
| P-19 | EFFECTS OF TIPRANAVIR/R (500/200 OR 500/100 MG BID) IN COMPARISON WITH LOPINAVIR/R (400/100 MG BID) ON CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN ARV-NAÏVE PATIENTS OVER 48 WEEKS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L32 (abstract no. P-19 A Carr1, R Zajdenverg2, C Workman3, J Gatell4, P Cahn5, A Ritzhaupt6, W Zhang7 and R Chaves6 After 48 weeks, subcutaneous fat increased with both TPV/r and LPV/r. TPV/r treatment was not associated with increased insulin resistance or increased VAT, in contrast to previous studies with other PIs. |
| P-20 | LIPOATROPHY (LA) AND LIPOHYPERTROPHY (LH) ARE INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY-OF-LIFE (HRQOL); LIPOATROPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADHERENCE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L32 (abstract no. P-20) HM Crane1, C Grunfeld2, RD Harrington1 and MM Kitahata1 LA/LH are independently associated with poorer HRQOL, an effect that appears to be mediated through depression severity. LA but not LH is associated with poorer adherence independent of depression. Using combined or categorized LA/LH results in a loss of information that may have practical implications. In addition to potential long-term cardiovascular implications, LA/LH may impact clinical outcomes via depression and adherence. |
| P-21 | IMPACT OF LIPOATROPHY ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L32 (abstract no. P-21 R Rajagopalan1, D Laitinen1 and B Dietz2 Lipoatrophy has a significant negative impact on quality of life in HIV-infected patients who already suffer considerable deficiency in quality of life. |
| P-22 | THE IMPACT OF TESAMORELIN (TH9507), A GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR ANALOGUE, ON BODY IMAGE AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL FAT ACCUMULATION Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L33 (abstract no. P-22) RR Turner1, J Falutz2, MA Testa1, S Allas3, D Potvin3, J-C Mamputu3, M Su1 and S Grinspoon4 ART-related changes in body conformation are potential barriers to treatment adherence. Tesamorelin 2 mg daily treatment significantly improved body dysmorphia through improvement in body appearance distress and belly profile, resulting in improved overall HRQOL with no significant increase in symptom incidence or distress. Successful reduction of body image distress and improved HRQOL may have important implications for HIV treatment outcomes. |
| P-23 | INDUCTION THERAPY WITH RECOMBINANT HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (r-HGH) IMPROVES ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS (PTS) WITH HIV ADIPOSE REDISTRIBUTION SYNDROME (HARS) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L33 (abstract no. P-23 D Kotler1, S Santiago2, W Weiss3 and E Freedland3 A modest gain in Wt with r-hGH is associated with an increase in LBM, decreased total body fat and favourable anthropometric changes, including reductions in WC and WHR. |
| P-24 | A RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF THE SAFETY OF CONTINUED ZIDOVUDINE PLUS LAMIVUDINE (COMBIVIR, CBV) VERSUS SWITCHING TO TENOFOVIR DF PLUS EMTRICITABINE (TRUVADA, TVD) EACH PLUS EFAVIRENZ (EFV) IN STABLE HIV-INFECTED PERSONS: RESULTS OF A PLANNED 24-WEEK ANALYSIS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L34 (abstract no. P-24) G Moyle1, M Fisher2 and SWEET Study Group Switching from CBV to TVD in persons receiving EFV provides a simplified once daily regimen that maintains virological control and leads to improvements in both haemoglobin levels and key lipid parameters. |
| P-25 | AUTOLOGOUS FAT GRAFTS ARE SAFE AND DURABLE IN HIV-INFECTED ADULTS WITH FACIAL LIPOATROPHY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L34 (abstract no. P-25 J Fontdevila1, J Berenguer2, E Prades3, T Pujol2, E Guisantes1, JM Serra-Renom1, J Gatell4 and E Martínez4 Autologous fat grafts are a safe and long-lasting option for facial lipoatrophy treatment, achieving durable results (longer than 12 months) with only one procedure without fat reabsorption, demonstrated by objective measurements (CT). |
| P-26 | EFFECTIVENESS AND LONG-TERM DURABILITY OF AUTOLOGOUS FAT TRANSPLANT FOR HIV-RELATED FACE LIPOATROPHY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L35 (abstract no. P-26) G Orlando1, G Guaraldi1, N Squillace1, D De Fazio2, A Rottino2, P Bonucci2, E Padalino2, A Grisotti2, G Nardini1, B Beghetto1 and R Esposito1 AFT is a safe and effective procedure for face lipoatrophy treatment. In our study its major limitation was the need of reintervention in a long follow-up for almost half of patients. Nevertheless, patients reached an important augmentation of cheek thickness and expressed a significant improvement of face and body image satisfaction. |
| P-27 | EFAVIRENZ AND ATAZANAVIR INDUCE LEUKOCYTE-ENDOTHELIAL CELL INTERACTIONS IN THE MICROVASCULATURE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L36 (abstract no. P-27 A Alvarez, F Baixauli, M Andrade, A Blas-García, I Boscá and JV Esplugues Our results indicate that acute exposure to atazanavir or efavirenz, but not lamivudine, induces leukocyte recruitment. This suggest that both drugs can be implicated in the preliminary events that lead to the cardiovascular complications observed in HIV-infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy. |
| P-28 | CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L36 (abstract no. P-28) RG Micheletti, GA Fishbein, MC Fishbein, EJ Singer and JS Currier Young to middle-aged patients dying from advanced AIDS have a burden of coronary artery disease that at times results in clinically significant narrowing and heavy calcification that could be detected by imaging studies. Based on clinical experience and published reports of the natural history of atherosclerosis, the pattern of disease and plaque composition are typical of atherosclerosis that occurs in HIV patients. Comparison of these data to a large age and sex-matched control population is necessary before further conclusions can be drawn. |
| P-29 | ROSIGLITAZONE INHIBITS CIMT PROGRESSION BUT MAY REVERSE PLAQUE AREA IN LOW-MODERATE RISK HIV PATIENTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L37 (abstract no. P-29 KW Johns1, M Harris2, JS Montaner1,3, H Zhang2, J Singer1,2, SY Chan1,4, GB Mancini1,5 and GP Bondy1,4 This study was underpowered due to the small sample size and short duration. Future directions would include conducting further trials examining the effect of rosiglitazone on CIMT and TPA wherein the group size and the study duration are each increased, which will increase the likelihood of more significant and conclusive results. |
| P-30 | THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT SALSALATE IMPROVES HIV-RELATED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION: A PILOT STUDY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L37 (abstract no. P-30) SK Gupta, RM Johnson, C Saha, KJ Mather, J Rehman and MP Dubé Salsalate improved endothelial function in HIV-infected patients not receiving CART. These results suggest that systemic inflammation might play a role in the development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular events in HIV-infected patients. More research is needed to gain insight into the mechanism(s) of reversible endothelial dysfunction associated with HIV infection. |
| P-31 | ASSOCIATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY WITH FIBRINOGEN LEVELS IN HIV INFECTION Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L37 (abstract no. P-31 E Madden1, GA Lee1,2, R Scherzer1, C Wanke3, D Kotler4, S Heymsfield5, P Bacchetti1, M Shlipak1,2 and C Grunfeld1,2 Specific antiviral therapies have different associations with fibrinogen levels. Protease inhibitors are associated with increased fibrinogen levels, which may contribute to increased risk of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected subjects. Conversely, NNRTIs are associated with lower fibrinogen levels, which may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. |
| P-32 | LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND PREDICTORS OF ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) RISK AMONG HIV-INFECTED PERSONS ON LONG-TERM HAART Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L38 (abstract no. P-32) K Mondy, L de las Fuentes, N Önen, A Waggoner, C Bopp, S Lasso-Claxton, V Davilá-Román and K Yarasheski Persons with well-controlled HIV had a CVD risk comparable to matched controls based on FMD, cIMT and FRS. Despite good correlation between FMD and cIMT, insulin resistance was a stronger predictor of endothelial dysfunction (FMD), whereas traditional CVD risk factors were more predictive of cIMT. |
| P-33 | ALL-CAUSE DEATH AND MARKERS OF EARLY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN A COHORT OF HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS FROM NUTRITION FOR HEALTHY LIVING (NFHL) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L39 (abstract no. P-33 A Mangili1,2, J Gerrior1, S Abraham1, J Polak2 and C Wanke1,2 Our study demonstrates that all-cause death in HIV-infected individuals is associated with more abnormal surrogate markers of atherosclerosis when compared with those who are alive, despite being similar with respect to traditional CV risk factors. Abnormal HIV-specific parameters, as well as low HDL-C and high hs-CRP are more common in those who died. Assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV infection could help identify those at greater risk of death. Therapy should include a stronger focus on HDL-raising and CRP-lowering strategies to prevent future adverse CV events and death in this population. |
| P-34 | FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE (FRS) ANALYSIS IN TREATED HIV PATIENTS: MODELLING DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON RISK REDUCTION OF LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY VERSUS STOPPING CIGARETTE SMOKING Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L40 (abstract no. P-34) J Falutz and L Rosenthall Significantly more pts were in the low-risk group after smoking cessation than after reducing TC. In the initially moderate risk group, lowering TC had no effect on risk reduction, whereas smoking cessation significantly reduced this risk. Overall, smoking cessation may lead to a greater benefit on 10-year CVD risk reduction than TC reduction. |
| P-35 | EFFECT OF ALTERNATE TREATMENT PROTOCOLS ON THE INCIDENCE OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES AMONG HIV-INFECTED ADULTS IN THE SMART TRIAL Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L40 (abstract no. P-35 R Prineas1, M Roediger2, A Carr3, W El-Sadr4, S Esser5, G Grandits6, B Knysz7 and A Palfreeman8 for the SMART Study Group and INSIGHT Intermittent, CD4-guided ART was associated with evidence of myocardial damage, increasing repolarization abnormality, and increase in heart rate — consistent with the outcome in the main trial results of excess CVD outcomes in the DC arm. |
| P-36 | CLINICALLY EVIDENT FACIAL LIPOATROPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER CARDIOVASCULAR RISK Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L40 (abstract no. P-36) E Martinez on behalf of RiCVih Study group Clinically evident facial lipoatrophy was associated with a higher cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients in Spain. |
| P-37 | THE RATE AT WHICH THERAPY-NAÏVE PATIENTS DEVELOP METABOLIC SYNDROME WHEN TREATED AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: THE SWISS HIV COHORT STUDY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L41 (abstract no. P-37 J Young1, T Glass1, R Weber2, E Bernasconi3, M Rickenbach4, HJ Furrer5, M Cavassini4, P Vernazza6, B Hirschel7, M Battegay1 and HC Bucher1 Each drug class has specific drugs that seem relatively unlikely to lead to MS. |
| P-38 | THE ROLE OF VIROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HIV-ASSOCIATED LIPODYSTROPHY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L41 (abstract no. P-38) N Squillace1, G Guaraldi1, G Orlando1, A Roverato2, G Nardini1, B Beghetto1 and R Esposito1 These results might help to explain the dual role of antiretroviral therapy on cardiovascular risk. We could argue that the therapy reduces cardiovascular risk, because it suppresses HIV replication which is a risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome; on the other hand, therapy produces metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance that increase cardiovascular risk. |
| P-39 | CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK ANALYSIS IN TREATED HIV MALES: DOES USE OF COMBINED FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE (FRS) AND METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS) DIAGNOSIS IMPROVE THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS AT INCREASED CVD RISK? Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L42 (abstract no. P-39 J Falutz and L Rosenthall A diagnosis of MetS in pts with FRS low or moderate CVD risk identifies a subgroup of pts with potentially greater 10-year CVD risk than predicted by the FRS alone. |
| P-40 | HEART FOR HAART. A NOVEL SCREENING PROGRAMME FOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN HIV-INFECTED POPULATIONS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L42 (abstract no. P-40) V Carter1, I Woolley2, N Dervan1, E Ridley1, K Watson2 and A Mijch2 Primary health promotion activities such as the ‘Heart for HAART’ programme can unveil previously unappreciated opportunities for intervention and potential reduction of CVD risk in an HIV-infected population. |
| P-41 | MYELOPEROXIDASE LEVEL DOES NOT PREDICT FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L43 (abstract no. P-41 D El-Bejjani1, S Hazen2, W Mackay3, T Hulgan4, NE Glass4, M Tungsiripat2 and GA McComsey5 In contrast to the general population, higher MPO levels were not predictive of CV events in this study, underscoring the fact that pathways operative in HIV arteriopathy may be distinct from traditional CVD pathogenesis. |
| P-42 | HYPERTRIGLYCERIDAEMIA AND SMALL DENSE LDL-CHOLESTEROL IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L43 (abstract no. P-42) S Mauss1, F Berger1, G Schmutz1 and WO Richter2 Hypertriglyceridaemia is common in patients on antiretroviral therapy. But the incidence of MI is still low in HIV patients. In this study, about 80% of HIV-infected patients with MI and hypertriglyceridaemia showed high sd-LDL (which is typical for familial combined hyperlipidaemia and the metabolic syndrome with high cardiovascular risk). Determination of sd-LDL seems to be useful to identify those HIV-infected patients with increased triglycerides at very high risk of cardiovascular disease. sd-LDL may be the mediator of cardiovascular disease in these patients. |
| P-43 | FACTORS AFFECTING THE SHORT TERM NUTRITIONAL RESPONSE TO HAART IN RWANDAN WOMEN Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L44 (abstract no. P-43 Z Lin1, ES Engelson1, J Rusine2, A Binagwaho3, MH Cohen4, M Fabri5, F Ndamage6, J Mugabo6, JMV Nduwimana7, DP Kotler1 and K Anastos8 Malnutrition is common in HIV+ and HIV-Rwandan women. HAART is associated with nutritional improvement of a magnitude similar to that seen in the US, which is related to pre-treatment CD4 and body cell mass depletion, but not to PTSD or depression. |
| P-44 | ADVERSE EFFECTS OF STANDARD FIRST-LINE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON BLACK SOUTH AFRICAN PATIENTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L44 (abstract no. P-44) JA George, N Lutchman and NJ Crowther In the South African black population lipodystrophy is characterized by lipoatrophy of the hips and arms, increased lactate production and deterioration in glucose tolerance. |
| P-45 | ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS (AES) IN THE TREAT ASIA HIV OBSERVATION DATABASE (TAHOD) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L45 (abstract no. P-45 J Zhou1, PL Lim2 and S Pujari3 on behalf of The TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database The pattern of clinical and laboratory AE collected prospectively appeared to be relatively stable and follow a similar pattern to that reported in western countries. Our approach to collecting limited numbers of grade 3 or 4 AEs seems to be a feasible method in Asian HIV patients with diverse ethnic, social and economic backgrounds. |
| P-46 | DIFFERENTIAL WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT ADVERSE EVENT (AE) RISKS AMONG ART-NAÏVE HIV-POSITIVE AFRICAN AMERICANS (AA) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L46 (abstract no. P-46) AB Hauber1, ME Watson2, AF Mohamed1, F Reed Johnson1 and JE Hernandez2 HIV-positive, ART-naïve, AA patients in this study were willing to accept an increased risk of AEs in exchange for a lower risk of VF. The level of risk they were willing to accept to reduce their risk of VF was higher for HSR than for bone or kidney damage overall, but varied depending on the outcome of either of these AEs. The results indicate that these patients are willing to accept some level of risk in order to achieve the benefits of antiretroviral treatment. Physicians should consider such risk tolerance when talking with their patients about alternative treatment options. |
| P-47 | THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS ON GLUCOSE PRODUCTION IN HEALTHY HIV-NEGATIVE MEN Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L46 (abstract no. P-47 GA Lee1, JM Schwarz1,2, S Patzek1, A Dyachenko2, M Wen1, K Mulligan1, M Schambelan1 and C Grunfeld1 Indinavir and full-dose ritonavir blunted the suppression of EGP by insulin, whereas amprenavir had no effect on EGP in the hyperinsulinaemic state. Both indinavir and ritonavir altered EGP within several hours after administration suggesting an acute process. These results paralleled the acute effects of these PIs on insulin-mediated glucose disposal in the same studies. Indinavir and ritonavir decreased insulin-mediated glucose disposal by 34% and 16%, respectively, whereas amprenavir had no significant effect on insulin sensitivity. These findings emphasize the specificity of individual PI effects on glucose metabolism. |
| P-48 | ZIDOVUDINE/LAMIVUDINE PERSISTENTLY CONTRIBUTES TO PERIPHERAL INSULIN RESISTANCE BY A BODY COMPOSITION-INDEPENDENT MECHANISM DEMONSTRATED BY REPEATED CLAMP STUDIES DURING 2 YEARS OF FIRST-LINE ART WITH ZIDOVUDINE/LAMIVUDINE/LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L46 (abstract no. P-48) MGA van Vonderen1, RME Blümer2, E Hassink3, J Sutinen4, MT Ackermans2, MA van Agtmael1, H Yki-Jarvinen4, SA Danner1, HP Sauerwein2 and P Reiss2,3 and the MEDICLAS study group The persistent decrease in insulin-mediated glucose uptake observed only on zidovudine/lamivudine/ lopinavir/ritonavir, starting prior to measurable limb fat loss and visceral fat accumulation, suggests that zidovudine/ lamivudine, independent of any GLUT-4 inhibition by lopinavir/ritonavir, contributes to peripheral insulin resistance by a mechanism which seems independent of changes in fat distribution. The observed adiponectin increases in both arms are remarkable given the reduced levels reported in patients with clinical lipoatrophy, and may suggest a compensatory response early on after initiating ART for the first time. |
| P-49 | A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROL STUDY OF BENFLUOREX VERSUS PLACEBO IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH INSULINORESISTANCE OR IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L46 (abstract no. P-49 I Poizot-Martin1, MP Drogoul Vey1, D Di Stefano2, E Jouve1, G Fabre1, A Saout1 and JA Gastaut1 The body weight loss, Delta-Ins and VAT measurement observed in the BFL arm might be mediated by the effect of BFL on sensitivity to insulin. However, the sample size of this pilot controlled study were too low to show a statistically significant difference in Delta-Ins and VAT measurement. |
| P-50 | CORRELATION OF HDL-CHOLESTEROL AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN HIV-PATIENTS WITH LIPODYSTROPHY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L47 (abstract no. P-50) M Wiese, M Kaspari, U Moebius, RE Schmidt and GMN Behrens Oral glucose tolerance test appears to be particularly useful for diagnosis of IR or type 2 diabetes in HIV-patients with lipodystrophy. Low HDL-cholesterol may help to identify individuals suitable for oral glucose-tolerance testing. |
| P-51 | HATHA/ASHTANGA YOGA INTERVENTION MODESTLY IMPROVES CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) RISK PARAMETERS IN DYSLIPIDAEMIC HIV+ SUBJECTS WITH CENTRAL ADIPOSITY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L47 (abstract no. P-51 K Mondy1, WT Cade1, DN Reeds1, S Lassa-Claxton1, C Bopp1, S Tucker2 and KE Yarasheski1 The practice of yoga modestly improved CVD risk profiles in HIV+ men and women with baseline dyslipidaemia and central adiposity. |
| P-52 | RESISTANCE TO HIGHLY POTENT STATIN THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HIV METABOLIC SYNDROME Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L48 (abstract no. P-52) KW Johns1 and GP Bondy1,2 Although this study found that rosuvastatin is effective at improving potentially atherogenic lipid parameters in HIV-positive-patients, an emerging theme from our results is an apparent resistance to statin therapy in our study population. A study investigating rosuvastatin effectiveness in non-HIV positive patients with metabolic syndrome (n=240) noted improvements of -33.6% for TC, -46.7% for LDL-C and +9.3% for HDL-C. |
| P-53 | ADHERENCE TO DYSLIPIDAEMIA GUIDELINES IN PATIENTS TAKING PROTEASE INHIBITORS AT AN INNER-CITY ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTRE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L48 (abstract no. P-53 J Joseph1, R Jain1, M Diaz-Linares1 and M Kulkarni2 Low adherence rates to the national dyslipidaemia guidelines were found at our institution. After publication of the 2000 and 2003 IDSA dyslipidaemia guidelines, there was a trend toward more frequent lipid monitoring over time, however, it still remains low. Potential barriers to guidelines implementation include patient noncompliance with clinic follow-up and fasting requirements, and lack of clinician recognition of dyslipidaemias. Efforts are in order to educate patients and clinicians to monitor lipids. |
| P-54 | CHANGES IN LIPID PARAMETERS DURING TREATMENT WITH LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (LPV/R) PLUS ZIDOVUDINE/LAMIVUDINE (ZDV/3TC) INDUCTION FOLLOWED BY MAINTENANCE ON LPV/R MONOTHERAPY COMPARED WITH EFAVIRENZ (EFV) + ZDV/3TC THROUGH 96 WEEKS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L49 (abstract no. P-54) BA da Silva1, P Domingo2, V Joly3, A Rachlis4, R Rubio5, MP DeHaan1, KJ Wikstrom1, B Bernstein1, MS King1 and GJ Hanna1 Consistent with a trend towards higher TG in the LPV/r group, larger increases in Apo C3 were observed in LPV/r-treated subjects. Dynamics of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, Apo A1, Apo B were comparable with LPV/r-based induction-maintenance strategy compared to EFV+ZDV+3TC. Discontinuation of ZDV/3TC did not impact lipid changes in LPV/r-treated subjects. Despite increases in TC and LDL, the LDL:HDL ratio was unchanged through 96 weeks for both regimens. Hs-CRP remained low throughout the study. |
| P-55 | EVOLUTION OF THE LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH TENOFOVIR DF AND PROTEASE INHIBITORS. DATA FROM THE PROTECTION COHORT STUDY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L50 (abstract no. P-55 JM Llibre1, MJ Galindo2, M Marquez3, J Berenguer4, S Echevarrías5, LE Morano6, O Ferrero7, R Sánchez-de la Rosa8 and E Pedrol9 The proportion of dyslipidaemia in this cohort treated with TDF and PIs is low. Total-c and TG increase are significantly higher in patients receiving boosted PI. d4T and LPV/r use is associated with a statistically significant increase in total-c. |
| P-56 | EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) ON LIPID PROFILES — DATA FROM THE 24-WEEK INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE GEMINI STUDY: SAQUINAVIR/R (SQV/R) TWICE DAILY VERSUS LOPINAVIR/R (LPV/R) TWICE DAILY PLUS EMTRICITABINE/ TENOFOVIR (FTC/TDF)
ONCE DAILY IN ARV-NAÏVE HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L50 (abstract no. P-56) S Walmsley1, U Bredeek2, A Avihingsanon3, J Slim4 and C Guittari5 At 24 weeks, the mean increase of triglycerides is lower and fewer patients in the SQV/r arm experienced an increase in their lipid grades, as evaluated by the NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program) guidelines. The differences between arms need to be confirmed in the final 48 wk analysis and should be considered in the context of other cardiac risk factors when choosing a treatment regimen. |
| P-57 | COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF DARUNAVIR/RITONAVIR AND ATAZANAVIR/RITONAVIR ON LIPID AND GLUCOSE-RELATED LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L51 (abstract no. P-57 F Tomaka1, E Lefebvre1, V Sekar1, B Van Baelen2, R DeMasi1, A Vandevoorde2 and D Miralles2 Administration of once-daily ritonavir followed by co-administration of darunavir or atazanavir in HIV-negative healthy volunteers over a 28-day period resulted in similar mean values in lipid and glucose parameters. |
| P-58 | HEART POSITIVE 4: FUEL SELECTION FOR OXIDATION IN THE FASTED STATE IS MARKEDLY ABNORMAL IN HIV PATIENTS – IMPLICATIONS FOR A UNIQUELY DYSREGULATED FORM OF ENERGY METABOLISM Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L52 (abstract no. P-58) RV Sekhar, P Clark, E Cuevas, J Villanueva, I Coraza, C Mendez and A Balasubramanyam Compared to other insulin resistant states such as diabetes and aging, the pattern of fuel selection for oxidation in the fasted state is practically reversed, suggesting that HIV patients have a primary defect in fatty acid disposal ('insulin resistance with respect to fat metabolism') rather than a dependence on fat oxidation due to impairment of carbohydrate oxidation ('insulin resistance with respect to glucose metabolism'). Since the high prevalence of whole body insulin resistance in HIV patients is not paralleled by a marked increase in the frequency of diabetes, it is possible that increased carbohydrate oxidation in this population could protect against the development of diabetes. |
| P-59 | HEART POSITIVE 2: INCREASED RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN HIV PATIENTS ON HAART IS RELATED TO FAT REDISTRIBUTION AND INSULIN RESISTANCE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L52 (abstract no. P-59 P Clark1, P Ehsanzadeh2, E Chang1, I Coraza1, E Cuevas1, C Mendez1, J Essien2, RV Sekhar1 and A Balasubramanyam1 These data suggest that increased REE in HIV patients on HAART is related to characteristic features of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Specifically, REE appears to increase with measures of fat redistribution (increased waist circumference, decreased hip circumference and increased waist:hip ratio), and is inversely related to insulin sensitivity (HOMA %S). It is possible that pathophysiological factors that lead to these features of HIV lipodystrophy also induce or aggravate the tendency to abnormal energy expenditure manifested by increased REE. There was no significant correlation between REE and fasting lipid levels. |
| P-60 | LONG-TERM TRENDS IN PLASMA LIPIDS AND GLUCOSE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAïVE HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS STARTING HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L53 (abstract no. P-60) E Martinez, M Gnarini, E de Lazzari, M Larrousse, A León, JL Blanco, J Mallolas and J Gatell TG increased over time and were associated with PI-containing ART and worse baseline HIV status. By contrast, TC, HDLC, and G decreased over time and were not associated with ART or HIV-1 RNA. |
| P-61 | DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN AN URBAN HIV-INFECTED POPULATION Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L54 (abstract no. P-61 DJ Cennimo, S Kim, J LI, and SL Hodder Dyslipidaemia is a significant concern in this urban HIV population. However, low HDL was the most commonly observed lipid abnormality as opposed to high LDL, often seen in non-HIV populations. These data suggest that the degree of HIV progression in this population may be an important factor driving presence of dyslipidaemia. African-American HIV-infected patients were less likely to have dyslipidaemia compared to Hispanic and Caucasian patients. |
| P-62 | HEART POSITIVE 3: LOW CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN (CETP) CONCENTRATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE LACK OF AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE AND HDL-C CONCENTRATIONS IN HIV PATIENTS ON HAART Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L54 (abstract no. P-62) RV Sekhar1, E Chang1, R Hoogeveen2, S Kamble1, CM Ballantyne1, H Pownall2 and A Balasubramanyam1 These results suggest several striking features of the characteristic hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL-C state in patients with HIV/HAART that differ from those of non-HIV persons: 1) patients with HIV/HAART do not manifest an inverse relationship between HDL-C and triglyceride concentrations; and 2) this is associated with, and could be due to lack of, increased plasma CETP concentrations in these patients. Unique mechanisms are likely to account for the co-occurrence of high TG and low HDL in this population. |
| P-63 | CORRELATION BETWEEN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EFFECTS OF HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS ON THE HEPATOCYTE AND ADIPOCYTE METABOLOME Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L55 (abstract no. P-63 A Bellamine1, C Elosua1, C Cao1, MA Noor1, A Berger2, D Alexander2 and O Flint1 In general LPV induced greater changes than ATV in the metabolome. Further, LPV/r induced significantly more changes in lipid metabolites in clinical plasma samples than ATV/r. These data provide further insights into the known contrast in lipid profiles of patients treated with LPV/r or ATV/r. |
| P-64 | NEVIRAPINE INCREASES HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL BY STIMULATION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN AI SYNTHESIS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L55 (abstract no. P-64) RR Sankatsing1, R Franssen1, E Hassink2, HP Sauerwein1, K Brinkman3, R Oesterholt1, A Arenas-Pinto4, I Williams4, S Storfer5, JJ Kastelein1, P Reiss1 and ES Stroes1 NVP increased apoAI and HDLc by selectively promoting apoAI production without affecting HDL catabolism. This may contribute to why the increased CVD risk with PI-based therapy has not been found with treatment including NNRTI. Moreover, in view of the recent disappointing results of HDL increasing strategies with the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib targeting HDL degradation, our findings may lead to the identification of more promising novel targets for increasing HDLc. |
| P-65 | MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR EFAVIRENZ EFFECTS ON LIPID METABOLISM Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L56 (abstract no. P-65 O Flint, A Bellamine, M Noor and R Parker At levels approaching its Cmax, EFV antagonizes LXR transcriptional activity in cells and displaces binding of natural and synthetic LXR agonists in vitro. These effects provide a possible mechanism for EFV suppression of lipogenic gene expression including the important LXR target gene CETP in liver and adipose cell lines. These findings support a hypothesis for EFV-mediated elevation of HDL-C through LXR antagonism and reduction in CETP expression and activity. |
| P-66 | EFFECTS OF EFAVIRENZ ON LIPID METABOLISM IN APOE*3*LEIDEN hCETP DOUBLE-TRANSGENIC MICE: EVIDENCE FOR ANTAGONISM OF LXR PATHWAY Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L56 (abstract no. P-66) OP Flint1, A Bellamine1, MA Noor1, JWA van der Hoorn2, HMG Princen2 and RA Parker1 In this double transgenic mouse model, EFV prevented the marked up-regulation of plasma CETP levels induced by a potent LXR agonist. EFV also blocked some of the increases in plasma lipids observed with the LXR agonist. The demonstration of in vivo functional antagonism by EFV of a major LXR response gene, CETP, which is known to regulate human lipoprotein CE/TG exchange and affect HDL-C levels, suggests a potential molecular mechanism for the influence of EFV on human lipid profiles. |
| P-67 | IMPACT OF PATIENT-SELECTED SELF-INJECTION DEVICES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INJECTION SITE REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ENFUVIRTIDE USE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L56 (abstract no. P-67 M Gottlieb1, C Farthing2, CJ Guittari3 and E DeJesus4 Although this study was not designed to compare ISR risk, both injection devices were generally safe and well tolerated. There was a trend toward fewer pts with nodules/cysts, but more grade 3 ecchymosis and grade 3/4 erythema with B2000. These results require cautious interpretation until data are available from all pts through wk 24. |
| P-68 | A RANDOMIZED STUDY TO EVALUATE INJECTION SITE REACTIONS (ISR) USING THREE DIFFERENT MECHANISMS FOR DELIVERY OF ENFUVIRTIDE (ENF): A 27-GAUGE NEEDLE, A 31-GAUGE NEEDLE AND A NEEDLE-FREE DEVICE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L57 (abstract no. P-68) MA Boyd1, M Truman2, G Hales2, J Anderson3, DE Dwyer4 and A Carr5 Needle-free injection of ENF offers a reasonable, reliable alternative to needle-based injecting. |
| P-69 | LACK OF EVIDENCE OF METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES AND MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY WITH ENFUVIRTIDE: A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, CROSS-OVER STUDY WITH RANDOM SEQUENCE ASSIGNATION IN HEALTHY ADULT VOLUNTEERS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L57 (abstract no. P-69 MªC Villarroel1, E Martínez2, N Riba1, M Manriquez1, G Santana1, S López2, G Garrabou2, M Larrousse2, JL Blanco2, A Scalise1, J Mallolas2, O Miró3, X Carné1 and JM Gatell2 We were unable to detect any metabolic abnormalities or mitochondrial toxicity of enfuvirtide in healthy adult volunteers. |
| P-70 | HAART-INDUCED VIRAL SUPPRESSION COMPENSATES POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TDF ON RENAL FUNCTION Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L58 (abstract no. P-70) G Guaraldi1, A Roverato2, C Giovanardi1, F Ravera1, N Squillace1, G Orlando1, G Cappelli1, R Esposito1 and F Palella3 Observed improvements in MDRD as a consequence of HAART-induced viral suppression seems to offset any potential negative effect of TDF on renal function. |
| P-71 | RENAL SAFETY PROFILE OF TDF IN COMBINATION WITH PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PI) IN A CLINICAL SETTING. RESULTS FROM THE PROTECTION COHORT Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L58 (abstract no. P-71 P Viciana1, E Deig2, V Asensi3, J Pasquau4, T Martin5, J Goikoetxea6, J Flores7, S Perez8 and E Pedrol2 Consistent with previous studies, the rate of renal adverse events in this TDF + PI cohort is low, with or without ritonavir boosting. Although decrease in GFR is statistically significant at 12 months for both groups, the magnitude of change is the same and not clinically relevant (~4 ml/min). Additionally, we have not found alterations in serum phosphate levels at 12 months. Our data show that use of boosted PIs does not increase risk of renal adverse events or result in clinically relevant GFR changes. |
| P-72 | LOW LONG-TERM INCIDENCE OF TENOFOVIR ASSOCIATED RENAL DYSFUNCTION AS MEASURED BY CREATININE CLEARANCE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L59 (abstract no. P-72) CM Tsoukas1, J Falutz1, J Szabo1, J Cox1, B Rich1,2, and A Ciampi2 TDF did not have a significant negative impact on renal function during long-term follow up. In fact, there was an average increase in CrCl over time in our patients. Because TDF can lead to renal dysfunction in some patients it would be of great interest to be able to identify these individuals a priori. |
| P-73 | CYSTATIN C UNDERESTIMATES GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L59 (abstract no. P-73 S Mauss1, F Berger1, D Kuschak2, J Henke1, P Hegener1, C Athmann1, P Nemes2 and G Schmutz1 Our preliminary data suggest an interaction between HIV infection and cystatin C serum levels. Cystatin C is a cysteine protease inhibitor shown to be altered by immune modulating drugs, such as prednisolone or cyclosporine A. The positive correlation of cystatin C levels with HIV-RNA and the subsequent decrease of cystatin C after suppression of HIV under antiretroviral therapy do suggest an interaction leading to an underestimation of renal function in HIV+ patients by using a cystatin C-based calculation. |
| P-74 | ADVERSE REACTIONS ON SWITCHING FROM TENOFOVIR/LAMIVUDINE (3TC) TO THE FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION (FDC) OF TENOFOVIR/EMTRICITABINE (FTC) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L60 (abstract no. P-74) M Harris1, J Toy2, B Yip3, R Hogg3 and J Montaner1,3 Patients switching from tenofovir/3TC to tenofovir/FTC FDC should be monitored for possible allergic-type reactions, though these events were infrequent (0.5%) in our population. |
| P-75 | EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY PROFILE OF TDF+DDI+EFV. RESULTS FROM THE DIDITEN COHORT Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L60 (abstract no. P-75 A Antela1, F Gutierrez2, P Viciana3, C Miralles4, FJ Rodríguez5, JC López6, C Martín7, ML Alvarez8 and S Moreno9 In our highly pre-treated cohort, the combination of TDF, ddI and EFV was shown to be efficacious and safe. A deleterious effect in the CD4 count was not observed in any of the groups treated with this combination within this cohort. |
| P-76 | EFFECT OF NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NRTIS) ON CD4 RECOVERY FOR INDIVIDUALS ON LONG-TERM, FULLY SUPPRESSIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L61 (abstract no. P-76) H Byakwaga1, J Zhou2, M Law3, S Emery4, P Mallon5 and DA Cooper6 Exposure to individual NRTI was not shown to affect the recovery of CD4+ T-cell counts from baseline for individuals on long-term ART with fully suppressed viral load. |
| P-77 | UPDATED CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR SUSPECTED HYPERSENSITIVITY (HSR) TO ABACAVIR (ABC) COMPARING ABC ONCE DAILY (QD) VERSUS ABC TWICE DAILY (BID) Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L62 (abstract no. P-77 AG Cutrell1, LL Curtis2, CH Brothers1, TM Davis1, CM Stainsby2 and JE Hernandez1 The overall HSR rate was 5.4%. Black race and male gender were associated with a reduced risk of HSR; the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 differs among racial groups and is low in people of black race, which could partially explain this finding. Year since HSR CRF module introduction was associated with lower odds of reporting HSR. ABC dosing frequency was not associated with HSR or with a difference in incidence, clinical presentation or severity of suspected HSR to ABC. |
| P-78 | ONE-YEAR BONE MINERAL DENSITY CHANGES IN ANTIRETROVIRAL-NAÏVE HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS TREATED BY A TRIPLE, VERSUS A SINGLE-AGENT REGIMEN, WITH LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR IN THE MONARK TRIAL Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L62 (abstract no. P-78) K Briot1, S Kolta1, P Flandre2, F Boué3, P Ngo Van4, I Cohen-Codar4, F Emery Salbert4, JP Chauvin5, M Norton5, JF Delfraissy6 and C Roux1 These results suggest that bone loss is evidenced 1 year after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy, whether the patients receive a triple or a single-drug, lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral regimen. As there was no control group with untreated HIV patients, it is not possible to assess the distinct role of the HIV treatment versus the HIV disease. Studies with a longer follow-up, including other monotherapy strategies, are needed to further evaluate the metabolic benefit that can be anticipated with such simplified regimen. |
| P-79 | HIV PROTEINS MODULATE OSTEOGENESIS IN A PHASE-SPECIFIC MANNER Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L63 (abstract no. P-79 EJ Cotter, N Chew, PP Doran and WG Powderly These data demonstrate that the effect of HIV proteins on bone is dependent on the differentiation status of the cells that they are in contact with. The effect on bone cell signalling provides insights into the mechanism of HIV-induced decreases in bone mineral density. |
| P-80 | HEPATIC EFFECTS OF ATAZANAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR (ATV-r)-BASED COMBINATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS VIRUS COINFECTION: RELATIONSHIP WITH PRE-EXISTING LIVER DAMAGE Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L63 (abstract no. P-80) JA Pineda1, J Santos2, A Rivero3, F Lozano1, R Palacios2, A Camacho3 and L Abdel-Kader4 Atazanavir/ritonavir including combinations are safe in HIV patients with viral hepatitis, including those with cirrhosis. The presence of significant fibrosis does not increase the risk of TE in this setting. |
| P-81 | ASSOCIATION OF HYPERLIPIDAEMIA WITH ADVANCED LIVER FIBROSIS IN HIV+ PATIENTS Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L64 (abstract no. P-81 F Blanco, P García-Gascó, P Ryan, J García-Merchán, C Carapeto, A Alcolea, J González-Lahoz and V Soriano Advanced LF in HIV+ patients is associated with chronic hepatitis C and with hyperlipidaemia. The association of SLS with advanced LF supports the hypothesis that lipid increases can cause liver damage throughout liver steatohepatitis. Therefore, control of lipid abnormalities might help minimize liver damage in HIV+ patients. |
| P-82 | METABOLIC SYNDROME AND PROGRESSION OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN HIV/HCV-COINFECTED PATIENTS ON HAART Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12(Supp. 2):L64 (abstract no. P-82) P Barreiro1, F Blanco1, C de Mendoza1, N Zahonero1, L Martín-Carbonero1, E Melián2, G Fernández-Vázquez2, F Sánchez-Franco2, J González-Lahoz1 and V Soriano1 The influence of HAART on the progression of liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients may be a ‘double-edged sword’. While increased CD4 counts could slow liver fibrosis progression, episodes of ALT elevations, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridaemia might accelerate liver damage. |
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