Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1001)
Hamer DH, Hu S, Lueders KK, Wodarz D, Douek DC;;;; NIH/NCI, Bethesda, MD, United States
Although CD4 helper T cells are thought to play an important role in orchestrating the immune response against HIV, they might also provide a fertile milieu for viral replication and evolution due to their unique ability to be activated and infected by the same pathogen. Methods: Sequence analysis and phylo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1002)
Tilton JC, Johnson AJ, Iyasere CA, Migueles SA, Connors M
These results suggest that diminished in vitro proliferation of HIV-specific CD4+ T cells during viremia is not due to dominant host or viral negative factors, but rather due to decreases in positive factors such as diminished IL-2 production or other proinflammatory cytokines.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1003)
L Caccavelli1, S Imbart1, Y Levy2, L Weiss1
Our results provide evidence for a role of CD4 T cell help in improving the block of maturation of virus-specific CD8 T cells which impairs cytolytic activity and viral control.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1004)
Zheng NN, Kiviat NB, Sow SP, Diall-Agne H, Robinson AD, McElrath MJ;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Virus-specific CD4+ T helper cells are important in generating functional CD8+ T cell memory. HIV-2 infection is typically less virulent than HIV-1 infection, possibly permitting the host to mount a more effective, sustained T cell immune response. Our previous study in a cohort of HIV-2 infected individual
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1005)
Fonseca SG, Silva AC, Fonseca LA, Leite O, Gutierrez E, Santos S, Segurado A, Iwai LK, Hammer J, Sidney J, Sette A, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E;;;; Heart Institute, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The control of viral load of immunocompetent HIV+ patients is associated with an effective anti-HIV CD4+ T cell response. The aim of this work is to identify a set of HIV derived-peptides that bind promiscuously to several different HLA molecules, covering close to 100% of the genetically diverse human popu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1006)
Kinter AL, Kern S, Hennessey M, Lin Y, Jackson R, Fauci AS;;;; Lab of Immunoregulation/NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, United States
Human CD25+CD4+ Treg-like cells generated in vitro from CD25- CD4+ T cells have been demonstrated to possess phenotypic and functional characteristics similar or identical to freshly isolated immunosuppressive CD25+CD4+ Treg cells. It is believed that generation of Treg-like cells can occur under certain T
HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B have been circulating in Thailand . Inter-subtype recombinants of HIV are expected to emerge in geographic regions where there is widespread of HIV-1 epidemic such as Thailand. Recently, CRF15_01B, the intersubtype CRF01_AE/B recombinant strain, was reported in heterosexual and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1009)
Songok EM, Lwembe RM, Lihana RW, Kobayashi K, Ndembi N, Kiptoo MK, Oishi I, Genga IO, Ichimura H;;;; KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya
HIV group M viruses occur as either pure subtypes or recombinants. Recombination is believed to arise due to multiple infections with different subtypes and it has been suggested that in areas where multiples subtypes co-circulate, there is a tendency for selection for recombinant forms. Design: To investig
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1012)
Arts E, Ari[eumln K, Abraha A, Troyer R, Quinones-Mateu M, van der Groen G, Colebunders R, Kestens L, Heyndrickx L, Vanham G;;;; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
We have shown that HIV-1 group M subtype C viruses are less fit than subtype B and that this differences in fitness may be related to subtype distribution and spread. In this study, we compared the relative fitness of HIV-1 group M, HIV-1 group O and HIV-2. Group M viruses are responsible for the current pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1018)
Ylitalo N, Nachman S, Brogly S, van Dyke R, Hughes M, Seage G;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States
Despite the initial success of HAART on the morbidity and mortality in HIV+ children, opportunistic illnesses (OI s) continue to occur. The objective of this study was to describe the occurence of OI s in relation to time on HAART. Methods: 2063 HIV+ children who were on HAART and followed in the prospectiv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1043)
Alcami J, Bermejo M, Pablos JL, Gonzalez N, Sanchez-Verde L, Baleux F, Arenzana F;;;; AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit. Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Majadahonda. Madrid, Spain
Emergence of X4 HIV strains occurs late in the course of HIV infection, suggesting that a selective pressure interpheres with the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor use. On the other hand HIV infection is enhanced by the DC-SIGN molecule present in dendritic cells. We hypothesized that CXCL12 production b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1044)
Lin YT, Hsieh SL, Chen YJ, Lai SF, Chen YM;;;; Institude of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is a decoy receptor for FasL and LIGHT. Because of lacking a transmembrane domain, DcR3 can be secreted from the cells. DcR3 can neutralize the biological effects of FasL and LIGHT and inhibit the cells undergo apoptosis. In addition, it can
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1045)
Biasin M, Schenal M, Lissoni F, Trabattoni D, Gori A, Clerici M;;;; Department Immunol, University Milano, Milano, Italy
IL-7 is required for thymopoiesis and enhances the peripheral expansion of mature T cells after T-cell depletion in animal models; this cytokine might therefore have a role as an immunomodulant in the therapy of HIV infection. We analysed the in vitro effect of IL-7 in PBMC of HIV-infected patients and unin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1046)
Zanetti G, Sasson SC, Zaunders JJ, Stanley KK, Kelleher AD;;;; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
IL-7 serum levels are elevated in lymphopenic conditions including chronic HIV infection and inversely correlate with CD4 count. IL-7 plays a role in mediating CD4+T-cell homeostasis. It acts via IL-7 receptor, composed of gamma-chain CD132 and alpha-chain CD127, and expressed by most T-lymphocytes. Regulation of IL-7/
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1047)
Schmidt RE, Ansari AW, Heiken H;;;; Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
HIV-1, in most instances modulates the host cellular environment by altering the cytokine and chemokine network. A series of inflammatory chemokines including the [beta chemokine MCP-1/CCL2 is induced during viral infections. Some of these mediators regulate the viral replication and CCL2 is reported as one
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1048)
Pavlakis GN, Valentin A, Morrow M, Yarchoan R
These results identify TNF as an important regulator of HIV-1 evolution in vivo, and demonstrate that measurements of intracellular cytokine production in blood cells do not necessarily represent cytokine levels in tissues. TNF-α production has the potential to promote propagation of X4 viruses and inhibit X5, due to CCR5 downregulation.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1049)
Friedrich TC, Dodds EJ, Yant LJ, Vojnov L, Rudersdorf R, Cullen C, Evans DT, Desrosiers RC, Mothe BR, Sidney J, Sette A, Kunstman K, Wolinsky S, Piatak M, Lifson J, Hughes AL, Wilson N, O'Connor DH, Watkins DI;;;; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
Engendering cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses will likely be an important goal of HIV vaccines. However, CTL select for viral variants that escape immune detection. Transmission and maintenance of escape variants in human populations could pose an obstacle to HIV vaccine development. Methods: We modele
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1050)
Onlamoon N, Pattanapanyasat K, Ansari AA;;;; Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
To confirm the impaired IFN-gamma production by HIV specific CD8+ T cells in HIV infected patients and to determine whether the failure is due to the influence of anti-retroviral drugs (ART). Methods: The frequency and number of the HLA-A1101 HIV-1 nef peptide specific CD8+ T cells were evaluated both quant
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1051)
Lichterfeld M, Yu XG, Mui S, Johnston M, Cohen D, Strick D, Rosenberg E, Walker BD, Altfeld M;;;; Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells play a crucial role for the spontaneous control of HIV-1 replication, yet, in numerous studies, no correlation was found between HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in interferon-g Elispots and markers of HIV disease progression. Thus, it is currently unclear if interferon-g secre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1052)
Connors M, Migueles SA, Royce C, Ambrozak DR, Price DA, Douek DC, Imamichi T, Berg S;;;; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
High frequencies of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells remain detectable in patients with or without immunologic control over HIV replication. To better understand the qualitative features of an effective HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response, we examined the surface phenotype and TCR clonal composition of immunodominan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1053)
Feeney ME, Draenert R, Roosevelt KA, Tang Y, Pfafferott K, Verrill C, Altfeld M, Walker BD, Goulder PJ;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
HLA-B57 is associated with slow progression to AIDS, and the CTL response of most individuals expressing this allele is dominated by B57-restricted epitopes. Gag epitope TSTLQEQIGW (TW10) is the earliest epitope targeted during acute infection in B57+ subjects. We compared recognition of TW10 and autologous
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrA1054)
Thobakgale C, Ramduth D, Honeyborne I, Chetty P, Nene N, Ntumba N, Henry C, Brander C, Kiepiela P, Walker BD, Goulder PJ;;;; HPP, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
Life-long dependence upon CART is not a feasible option for infants. The optimal use of CART in paediatric infection has not been determined. To examine the potential for CART, initiated in early paediatric infection, followed by subsequent supervised treatment interruption (STI), to boost HIV-specific immu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1013)
Manosuthi W, Sungkanuparph S, Vibhagool A, Kiertiburanakul S, Ruxrungtham K, Prasithsirikul W, Rattanasiri S, Thakkinstian A;;;; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Concomitant use of efavirenz (EFV) and rifampicin (RIF) is common for the treatment of HIV and tuberculosis (TB). The level of EFV can be reduced by RIF. The appropriate daily dosage of EFV is still unclear and lack of clinical data supported. Methods: HIV-infected patients with TB, receiving
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1014)
Gandhi NR, Moll A, Pawinski R, Jack C, Lalloo U, Friedland G;;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Tuberculosis(TB) is the leading cause of death among HIV+ patients worldwide. In the province of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa , 2/3 of new TB patients are HIV+. Although TB treatment programs use WHO Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) strategy, the annual case fatality rate among HIV/TB coinfected
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1015)
Sungkanuparph S, Manosuthi W, Kiertiburanakul S, Vibhagool A;;;; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common presentation in advanced HIV-infected patients in developing countries. In addition to treatment of TB, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is indicated. Data regarding timing of ART initiation and treatment outcomes of HIV and TB is limited. Methods: A retrospective study was conduct
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1016)
Samayoa-Herrera B, Xet-Mull AM, Velasquez-Porta T, Lau-Bonilla D, Jimenez T, Paz-Garcia L, Arathoon E;;;; Universidad de San Carlos, Escuela de Quimica Biologica, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Introduction: The increase in tuberculosis cases has necessitated a more thorough understanding of infection dynamics. Important factors to address include frequency of new infections versus the rate of reactivation of the disease, rates of antibiotic resistance, and epidemiologic identification of heavily affected gro
Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common life-threatening fungal infection in patients with AIDS. In Sub-sharan Africa it is one of the commonest opportunistic infections overall. This study was undertaken to assess the clinical profile and management outcome of microbiologically confirmed cryptococcal me
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1056)
R L Murphy1, D Schürmann2, A Beard3, R F Schinazi4, F Wagner2, R Levy5, M J Otto3
Reverset™ (RVT) was very well tolerated and highly effective in treatment-naïve individuals with up to 1.77 log10 decrease in viral load. The potent antiviral activity and safety in the current study coupled with the in vitro susceptibility of drug-resistant HIV-1 to RVT warrants further investigation. Studies in experienced patients are being initiated.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1057)
J C Gathe, Jr.1, M Y Washington1, C Mayberry2, D Piot2, J Nemecek2
LPV(r) as single agent therapy exhibited virologic efficacy comparable to combination PI therapy. Response was not compromised by high % of advanced disease subjects; lack of funding for the study. Significant toxicity was not seen. Genotypic/phenotypic resistance was not seen. LPV(r) as single agent therapy should be evaluated further in controlled study.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1058)
K Arastéh1, A Lazzarin2, B Clotet3, J Lalezari4, D Cooper5, K Henry6, M O'Hearn7, J Reynes8, P Piliero9, B Trottier10, J Montaner11, S Walmsley12, M Nelson13, C Katlama14, J Chung15, R DeMasi0, D Guimaraes15, L Huson0, L Donatacci15, C Wat0, T Kinchelow15, A Bertasso15, G D Miralles0, M Salgo15
A majority of patients on the ENF+OB arm completed 96 weeks (55.7%). A significant number of patients 26.5% (ITT) [47.6% (OT)] demonstrated<400 copies/mL at 96 weeks and no new safety issues were identified.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1059)
Smith BA, Raper JL, Weaver MT, Bittner VA, Gower B, Hunter GR, Ottery FD, Pakapong Y, Saag MS;;;; University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Consequences of HAART places patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and other problems. The aim of this double blind, placebo controlled study was to examine the effects of aerobic/resistive exercise with and without oxandrolone on body composition, blood lipids, and exercise markers in HIV infected ad
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1060)
Serra MS, Oyafuso LK, Troppe BM;;;; Hospital de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Lipodistrophy has become a big challenge in HIV/AIDS treatment. Facial atrophy is an unaesthetic condition related with lipodystrophy and compromises patients self-esteem and quality of life, urging for an efficient treatment. Methods: Patients were treated with a 30% PMMA solution, containing methylcellulo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1079)
Braithwaite RS, Roberts MS, Chang CY, Justice AC;;;; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
The optimal clinical threshold for initiating therapy in HIV patients is unclear. Our purpose was to estimate the CD4 initiation threshold resulting in longest survival. Methods: We have created a probabilistic computer simulation that has predicts time to treatment failure and survival for HIV patients in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1080)
Hausler H, Naidoo P, Schoeman H, Karpakis B, Godfrey-Faussett P;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Central District is 1 of 4 TB/HIV Pilot Districts established by South Africa in 1999 with WHO s ProTEST Initiative. A plan to provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) was approved by government in November 2003. South Africa has followed WHO s. recommendations that people with CD4
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1081)
Chel S, Lim K, De Munter P, Lynen L, Thai S, Hines JG, Schrooten W;;;; Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Guidelines recommend determining a CD4-lymphocyte count before initiation of antiretroviral therapy in PLWHA. CD4 counts are often not available. We evaluated the new criteria for start of ART as proposed in a draft document of WHO in a cohort of PLWHA in Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE (SHCH) in Phnom Pen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1083)
A De Ruiter1, A L Pozniak2, S Staszewski3, J E Gallant4, K Yale5, B Lu5, J Enejosa5, A K Cheng5
TDF- and d4T-based therapy demonstrated sustained efficacy in ART-naïve women through 144 weeks. Women in TDF arm had smaller changes in fasting total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. Significantly less limb fat was seen in the d4T arm at week 144.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrB1084)
Boyd MA, Siangphoe U, Duncombe CJ, Chomchey N, Ubolyam S, Stek M, Ruxrungtham K, Lange JM, Cooper DA, Phanuphak P;;;; HIV-NAT, Bangkok, Thailand
Nucleoside reverse transcripatse inhibitor (NRTI) class sparing is attractive for patients with NRTI failure or toxicity. Methods: This single arm, open label study switched patients failing NRTIs (defined as HIV RNA >1000 copies/ml on combination NRTI therapy) to IDV/r 800/100mg bid + EFV 600mg qd. Efficac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1008)
Tovanabutra S, Watanaveeradej V, Viputtikul K, Sanders-Buell E, Beyrer C, De Souza M, Birx DL, McCutchan FE, Carr JK;;;; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Henry M Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States
With HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials underway and planned, we sought to assess the changing molecular picture of HIV-1 in Thailand through full genome sequencing and analysis of CRF01_AE/B recombinant strains retrieved in recent years from HIV-1 infected populations with different exposures. Methods: Using ge
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1010)
Casado G, Thomson MM, Sierra M, Delgado E, Cuevas MT, Najera R;;;; CNM Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
a high diversity of genetic forms of probable African ancestry has been identified recently in Cuba by analysis of partial pol and env sequences, including two probable circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), D[pol]/A[env ]and U(unknown)[pol]/H[env], which were detected in 21% and 7% samples, respectively. Ob
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1011)
Sukhanova AL, Pokrovsky VV, Kazennova EV, Bobkov AF, Weber JN, Roudinskii NI, Mikhailovich VM;;;; Federal AIDS Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
A highly homogeneous subtype A HIV-1 variant (IDU-A) caused the overwhelming majority of HIV-1 infections among IDUs in East Europe. The aim of the study was to characterize polymorphism of the subtype A Protease in the former Soviet Union. Methods: During 1996-2003, proviral DNA samples were obtained, with
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1032)
McNaghten AD, Hanson DL, Aponte Z, Sullivan PS, Wolfe MI;;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
Introduction: Despite improvements in treatment and prevention of HIV-related illnesses in the US, AIDS morbidity remains a substantial health problem and disparities in medical care of HIV-infected persons exist. To examine gender differences in HAART use, OI incidence and OI trends, we studied OI incidence and prescr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1082)
Chen SY, Hsu L, Schwarcz SK, McFarland W;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
There is a myriad of antiretroviral drug combinations currently available to HIV-infected individuals. We used AIDS surveillance data in San Francisco to determine which combinations of initial regimens yield the best odds of survival. Methods: We performed a retrospective, matched, nested case-control stud
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrC1101)
van den Hombergh H;;;; MoH/GTZ Reproductive Health Program, Nairobi, Kenya
In high prevalence countries like Kenya , employers must address the impact of HIV/AIDS on their human resource management (HRM) and ultimately their output. Various models project the multifaceted costs to address this impact and diverse workplace policies (WPP) have been experimented with. A solidarity fund to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1019)
Klitzman R;;;; Columbia U./NYSPI, New York, United States
HIV+ doctors (MDs) face many issues that have not be systematically studied, & can affect their treatment of HIV+ and other patients. Methods: We conducted 2 interviews of 2 hours each with MDs: 40 HIV+, & 25 w/ other diseases. Interviews were audiotaped & transcribed; & content-analysis has
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1020)
Ganczak MJ;;;; Department of Higiene and Epidemiology Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
To determine nurses` attitudes toward patients HIV testing. Methods: 601 members of nursing staff from 18 hospitals: 7 located in the city of Szczecin, Poland (2 teaching hospitals, 5 municipal) and 11 located in the rural areas took part. The hospitals were selected by using a table of random digits.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1021)
Infante-Xibille C, Zarco-Mera A, Cuadra-Hernandez M, Morrison-Melke K, Bronfman-Pertzovsky M;;;; Institute of Education/Thomas Coram Research Unit, London, United Kingdom
Introduction: In Mexico there is little information on how health care professionals (HCP) respond to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). From where HIV -related stigma emerge? What form does it take within the daily activities of HCP? Why does it still prevail? These remain unanswered questions. We understand HIV -rel
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1022)
Mahmud EM, Hailemariam DH, Sanders ES;;;; Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
HIV/AIDS has become a full-blown development crisis affecting all sectors of the economy. The industrial sector is one of the severely hit sectors in Africa. AIDS-related illnesses and deaths of employees affect an enterprise by both decreasing production and increasing expenditures. The study attempted to
Brarudi is one of the Heineken breweries in Burundi , one of the poorest countries in the world (GPN 130 USD per capita). The HIV seroprevalence is 19.8 in the urban areas and 11.3 in the whole country. Since september 2001, Brarudi assisted by Heineken International has decides to give High Active Antiretr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1024)
Guiard-Schmid JB, Montagut B, Ribadeau-Dumas F, Edoo Edoo G, Makong S, Bidjeck M, Marechal E, Nerrienet E, Chevallier-Schwartz M, Buclez B, Longuet C, Le Pen C, Pialoux G, Rozenbaum W;;;; Hopital Tenon, Paris, France
TRICAM study was a pilot ARV access program to demonstrate feasibility and cost effectiveness of HAART in the private company ALUCAM (aluminum production in Edea, Cameroon ). This company had previously set up a global HIV management program for employees and families, including prevention, information, Vol
It is acknowledged that successful treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy requires the patient to maintain consistent adherence to the prescribed regimen on a long-term basis. Before and during treatment HIV-infected children and their caregivers may confront some problems that may affect adherence. Traine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1026)
Amri O, Sylla Y, Boureima K, Akossi A, Pouchain K, Maville E;;;; AIDES, Paris, France
So far, Income Generating Activities (IGA) have mainly focused on economic and social reintegration but not on access to care. A new component of IGA such health savings fund could improve the health status of PLWHA. AIDES, a French NGO and six African NGOs have implemented a pilot program carried
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1027)
Prang CP, Prang CP, Khut OK;;;; Family Health International Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
In rural areas of Cambodia palliative care services are virtually unknown and non-existent. Care of the dying is done by family members who often lack appropriate knowledge and skills. Experience has shown that people living with AIDS who face death feel frightened and stressed. This fear creates a vicious cycl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1028)
Spire B, Preau M, Vincent E, Trainaud MH, May T, Picard O, Leport C, Morin M;;;; INSERMU379/ORS, Marseille, France
This study examined the relations between health related quality of life (HRQL) and the feeling of control using locus of control (LOC) beliefs in 296 HIV-infected patients enrolled in a French cohort, 44 months (M44) after they began HAART. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire gathered information ab
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1029)
Cruz EF, Matos SS, Tanaka CA, Cardoso EP, Antunes KR;;;; GIV-Grupo de Incentivo a Vida, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Children and adolescents adherence to antiretroviral medications has become a great challenge for health professionals, educators and caretakers. Its complexity relates to the amount of medicines a child needs to take, their side effects, their presentation, and their taste. In addition, psychosocial issues suc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1030)
Sherr L, Bolding G, Davis M, Hart G, Elford J;;;; RUFCM, AIDSCare, London, United Kingdom
Pre HAART HIV infection was associated with an increased suicide burden. This ranged from a 3-fold to 36-fold increase depending on the study. Little is known about the impact of new treatments for HIV on suicidal ideation in those infected or most at risk of infection. Methods: In 2002-03 confidential ques
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1031)
Ngongo BP, Marum EM, Omondi JO, Taegtmeyer MT;;;; Liverpool VCT and Care Kenya, NAIROBI, Kenya
Recent dramatic increases in access to VCT services in Kenya have led to a demand for an accessible deaf-friendly VCT service. The Deaf community in Kenya comprises an estimated 950,000 people with no unified sign language and few agreed signs for many words related to HIV awareness. The number who had accessed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1033)
Moatti JP, Lucchini S, Cisse B, de Cenival M, Comiti C;;;; GREQAM-EHESS, Marseille, France
Objectives: To analyze the determinants and long-term sustainability of a differential pricing mechanism for HIV/AIDS drugs in favor of developing countries. Data collection: Source prices of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs observed in real transactions that occurred in Brazil and 13 sub-Saharan African countries between 19
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1034)
Fisher AA, Miller RA, Snyman E, Ndhlovu L, Searle C;;;; Horizons/Population Council, Washington DC, United States
South Africa is preparing to deliver ARVs to large numbers of PLHAs. Key to successfully implementing this activity will be strengthening the health care system in such areas as: VCT, provider skills, equipment, supplies, community support groups, and educational materials. In KwaZulu Natal the DOH with the
Free, anonymous, same-day VCT services have been provided in freestanding centers in Botswana beginning in 2000 and with the last of the 16 centers opening in early 2003. In 2002, the government of Botswana began providing antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to selected HIV-infected patients in 4 sites with more t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1036)
Ibanez-Carrasco F, Zack E, O'Brien K, Reeve K;;;; Canadian Working Group on HIV and Rehabilitation, Toronto, ON, Canada
Although anti-HIV medications have positively changed the clinical outlook for many individuals in developed countries, they show a series of long-term impacts. This study assesses the emerging collective experience of living with HIV and implications for policy, programs, practice and further research. This study was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1061)
Anderson T;;;; National Association of People with AIDS - USA, Washington, DC, United States
Increasing attention is being focused on prevention programmes that target interventions for people living with HIV/AIDS. Yet relatively little scientific evidence documents effective interventions in this area, and even less has been documented about what prevention activities are desired or likely to be accep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1062)
Kavamahanga D;;;; CNLS Burundi, Gitega, Burundi
Subject: The implication of rural, People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) leaders in the improvement of the psycho-social care of their peers in Gitega Province, Burundi . The rural poulations don t yet understand that stigmatism and discrimination of PLWHA contribute to the deterioration of their quality of life
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1063)
Strauss R, Cahn P, Gualdoni P, Grillo M, Gregori P, Ramos W, De Caro J, Zaidelis S, Castagnino H, Balbe L;;;; Fundacion Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
From March 2002, on a daily basis a group of 12 volunteers -most of which are PLWAs- is actively involved in support activities directed to patients in the waiting room of our Unit. Lack of knowledge on HIV issues is specially observed in naïve patients. A high percentage of patients have poor reading skills an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1064)
Bachman GA, Mucheke S, Ndabamenye P, McClellan I, Mwarogo P;;;; Family Health International, Arlington, United States
While ART adherence appears to improve with increased user knowledge and positive client-provider interaction, few PLWHA and providers take part in the design of treatment literacy strategies. In Kenya and Rwanda , Family Health International and local partners, employed a participatory approach to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1065)
Wainaina GG;;;; Kenya HIV/AIDS Business Council, Nairobi, Kenya
The involvement of people living with HIV in fighting stigma and discrimination and in the sensitization campaigns has been found to generate a marked difference in the attitude and acceptance of those living and afected by HIV/AIDS. The Kenya HIV/AIDS Business Council undertook a case study and appointed a GIPA field
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1066)
Peters J;;;; PWA, OAN, CTAC, Toronto, Canada
I seroconverted early in the pandemic. In 1984 this illness did not yet own its final name. No one knew how to deal with it. I believed my life was over. I was terrified, confused, and suicidal. The question was: could I find a way to live with AIDS? Diagnosed in 1985, not knowing who to talk to ab
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1085)
Boulle A, Michaels D, Hildebrand K;;;; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
PMTCT services have been provided in Khayelitsha since 1999, and ART since 2001. Contrary to many poor countries, women in South African townships tend to access public sector services more than men, and this has been the experience in HIV programmes. There is a growing body of evidence pointing to importan
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1086)
Herrera C, Caballero M, Campero L, Kendall T;;;; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
In Mexico , People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) confront stigma and discrimination in various spheres, including in the health sector, and access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and medical care is uneven. PLWHA without guaranteed access to ART face the high costs of medication and laboratory tests. There h
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1087)
Hogg RS, Bonner SJ, Daniel M, Harrigan PR, Yip B, Braitstein P, Wood E, Montaner JS;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
The impact of depression and its symptomatology on mortality has not been widely examined in persons first accessing HAART. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of depression on survival in antiretroviral naïve persons accessing HAART. Methods: Our study is based upon HIV-positive individ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1088)
Gianna MC, Kalichman AO, Bueno SM, Basso CR, Ruiz EA, Tayra A, Santos NJ, Holcman MM;;;; Centro de Referencia e Treinamento DST/AIDS - SES-SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The STD/AIDS Training and Referral Center (CRT-DST/AIDS) has a specialized service for treating STD/HIV/AIDS patients. The aim of the present study was to estimate survival among patients diagnosed with AIDS from 1992 to 1998 by risk situation at CRT-DST/AIDS. Methods: Information on risk situation was coll
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1089)
Myer L, Thompson A, Rabkin M, Abrams EJ, El-Sadr WM;;;; MTCT-Plus Initiative, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
There are few data on the determinants of condom and contraceptive use among HIV-infected individuals in resource-limited settings, and how antiretroviral therapy (ART) effects these behaviors is unclear. We evaluated condom and contraceptive use among women in the MTCT-Plus Initiative, a multi-country HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1090)
Jacobson LP, Ostrow D, Hylton J, Gore ME, Weisberg M, Silvestre A;;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Increases in risky behavior, new HIV infections and outbreaks of sexually transmitted diseases have been reported in the era following the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART). The study goals were to determine: 1) whether the increase in risky behavior has persisted, 2) if the inc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1091)
Williams LL;;;; Williams & Associates, Bronx, United States
Issues discussed: Findings from African American senior focus groups will assist HIV service providers working with this population by (a) defining the special needs(b) identifying the appropriate messages and messengers for intervention (c) presenting effective outreach strategies(d) assessing sexual and drug using be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1092)
Pitts MK, Grierson JW, Thorpe R, Misson S, Hurley M, Willis J;;;; LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
Availability of highly active anti-retroviral treatment has given hope to people living with HIV (PLWHA) in Australia , and the expectation of living longer with HIV. For these PLWHA there is now an experience of growing older and living with a chronic condition. These people are trailblazers, experiencing
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1093)
Duangdeetaweerat A;;;; HelpAge International, Chiang Mai, Thailand
When HIV/AIDS invades families, older people are adversely affected in several ways. Frequently they become the main carers of adult children with HIV/AIDS and orphans, and are economically, physically and emotionally devastated. They are deprived of the support expected from adult children in old age. The cari
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1094)
Ssengonzi R;;;; Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, United States
In sub-Saharan Africa, care, treatment, and support for patients with AIDS-related illnesses and their relatives primarily are home-based and borne by family members. This often calls for caregivers to adjust their living arrangements significantly. One particular group impacted by these adjustments is elde
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1095)
Fontenelle do Santos D, Bernardi M, Lauria L, Aquino SL, Durovni B, Cruz M, Rapparini C, Vellozo V, Sa C;;;; Rio de Janeiro City Health Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
As the population continues to age, the number of adults over age 50 living with HIV/AIDS will increase. HIV infection in persons over age 50 has been largely unappreciated in the design of prevention. This paper will evaluate the frequency and characteristics of older AIDS patients in Rio de Janeiro City.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1096)
Cejtin HE, Kim S, Taylor R, Watts DH;;;; John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, United States
It is often difficult in the HIV-infected woman to distinguish menopause from amenorrhea from other causes. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of both women and their providers in assessing menopausal status. Methods: The WIHS is a prospective cohort study of the natural history of HIV i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrD1099)
Ndenzako F, Phil M;;;; WHO Country office for Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Introduction and For the past two decades since the reporting of the first HIV case in Tanzania , the spread of the infection has been skyrocketing to the tone of estimated 2.2 millions adult Tanzanian living with HIV/AIDS. Construction sector has been taking a lead in the response to HIV interventions in t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1037)
Brugha R, Donoghue M, Starling M, Ndubani P, Ssengooba F, Fernandes B, Walt G;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is a new financial instrument providing large resources to disease afflicted countries. 60% of funds have been approved for HIV/AIDS control, most to Africa. While too early to assess its impact, we report findings on the functioning of new country str
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1038)
Guthrie TA, Lara G, Darce C, Fairstein C, Kioko U, Kerapeletswa C, Phororo H, Sotomayor J, Sumbana H, Valdes A;;;; AIDS Budget Unit, Idasa, Cape Town, South Africa
Monitoring and analysis of public expenditure on HIV/AIDS is vital given the severity of the epidemic, the substantial inflow of donor funds, and the critical need for investment from the national fiscus. A country s budget remains the most clear, honest and telling indicator of a country s prioritisation of th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1039)
Smith O, Bennett S, Stillman K;;;; Partners for Health Reformplus
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria aims to attract, manage, and disburse resources to make a significant and sustainable impact on the three focal diseases. At the same time, the Global Fund is likely to have a variety of direct and indirect effects upon health care systems in general, which could be
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1040)
Daly KS, Sellers T, Pimenta de Oliveira MC, Lifuka R;;;; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Brighton, United Kingdom
Recent increases in support for civil society responses to HIV/AIDS through national and international commitments and funding mechanisms (e.g. Global Fund and World Bank MAP) has led to challenges in how to most effectively get this money to NGOs/CBOs. The capacity of NGOs/CBOs to be involved in national mecha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1041)
Severo C, Kimambo AI, Loughran L, Eshun J;;;; Management Sciences for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
At the 2002 Global AIDS Conference, delegates from developing countries showed that delays in accessing new funding from the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria, the World Bank, and others were a barrier to rapid scale-up of HIV/AIDS programs. Getting funds to civil society organizations proved particularly ch
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1042)
Helfenbein S, Severo C, Temba J, Weiler V;;;; Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, United States
While new institutional arrangements such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria., the World Bank s Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program for the Africa Region, and the US Presidential Initiative on AIDS promise to inject much-needed resources for scaling up national HIV/AIDS responses, governments
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1067)
McGilvray MJ, Willis NJ, Pawinski R, Giddy J;;;; Nelson R Mandela Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
South Africa is currently embarking on one of the largest implementation programs for the provision of ARV in resource constrained settings. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the paucity of available doctors potentially undermines the initiation of new high resource health interventions. Challenges of ARV therapy can be m
Mother to child transmission (MTCT) is responsible for about 90% of Paediatric HIV infection in Nigeria . Postnatal transmission through breastfeeding is said to be responsible for about a third of MTCT. Prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) through breastfeeding will therefore help reduce the growing number of childr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1069)
Davis CS, Metzger DS, Burris S;;;; University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction, Philadelphia, PA, United States
There is increasing interest in understanding the relationship between policing strategies and drug-related risk behaviors. In May 2002, Philadelphia launched an intensive long-term policing initiative that targeted corners where drugs have historically been sold. Many of these corners were near syringe exc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1070)
McCauley AP, Crowley S, Juma M, Denison J;;;; Horizons Program/International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, United States
Young people have high rates of HIV infection and need access to testing, prevention, counseling and care for HIV. Pilot projects in several countries have tested strategies for attracting adolescents to VCT services, including guaranteeing confidentiality to young clients. Policies often require providers to s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1071)
Wang M;;;; University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, United States
After the DOHA Declaration and August 30th decision in 2003 made by the World Trade Organization, many legal and technical problems remain in HIV pharmaceutical patent in WTO rules that have affected access to affordable HIV medicine. Improving the current rules can drastically reduce HIV mortality and morbidit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1072)
Simon JL, Rosen S, Collier A, Sanne IM;;;; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, United States
Rationing of access to antiretroviral therapy already exists in sub-Saharan Africa and will intensify as national treatment programs develop. The number of people who are medically eligible for therapy will far exceed the human, infrastructural, and financial resources available, making rationing of public
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1073)
McKnight I, Carr R;;;; Jamaica AIDS Support, Kingston, Jamaica
With a prevalence rate of 1.5% and an estimated 10,000-20,000 orphans and other children 0-18 made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS, there are a large number of children in Jamaica in need of additional care or made vulnerable because of their caregiver s HIV positive status. With an eroding family structure, and high le
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1074)
Al-Afifi MF, Eid S;;;; AMAN Center, Gaza, Palestinian Territory
Mobilizing youth was thought to be the alternative approach to fighting the social stigma of HIV/AIDS after failure to change the general community attitudes of the Gazzan people specially the adults and senior citizens. The social stigma tagged to HIV infection affects the whole family and results in disastrou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1075)
Luong Thi T;;;; Hochiminh City Committee for Population, Family and Children, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
Between 1995 and 2002, the number of children living with HIV increased rapidly from 2 to 2,166. Children under 19 years of age now make up 16.8% of total HIV infections in Vietnam . Most of these children come from poor, marginalised families. The high levels of stigma, result in children being abandoned or pla
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1076)
Irwin B, Parker J;;;; Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI), Bethesda, Maryland, United States
HIV/AIDS affected households have reduced labor availability due to mortality and morbidity and the increase in non-productive caring activities. In addition affected households have increased costs for medical and funeral expenses. Within a household, fewer people must earn a higher household income to maintain
Stigma and discrimination against suspected or known people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA) is a serious problem in Nigeria . Refusal to treat PLWHA,unnecessary precautions,and inadequate,substandard, or delayed medical treatment and care occur frequently. HIV testing without consent, isolation from other clien
Targeting of HIV/AID affected beneficiaries for food relief and food security initiatives Save the Children STEPs program has been able to use already mobilized community committees to channel food support from World Food Program (WFP) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to households affected by HIV/AI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1097)
Chartier MC, Mulanga C, Lisk F, Leather S, Alli BO;;;; international Labour Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
Discrimination against workers living with HIV/AIDS takes many forms, including pre-employment testing, denial of employment to HIV-positive job applicants, and reassigning or dismissing workers living with HIV/AIDS regardless of their capacity for work. The protection of rights is difficult to enforce and disc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1098)
Macdowell JM;;;; Project HOPE (Institution), Millwood, VA, United States
Workplaces are preferable location for HIV/AIDS interventions for a number of reasons, including the age & mobility of workers, the importance of workers in economic development, etc. Most workplace interventions have focused on large corporations with relatively well-paid employees. This project focuses on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1100)
Vuckovic M, Katzan J, Kirsch-Woik T;;;; GTZ, Eschborn, Germany
Success in the response to HIV/AIDS can only be achieved through comprehensive approaches on prevention, care, treatment and impact mitigation. This can only be attained through the joint effort of all sectors and stakeholders in society. Increasingly, bi- and multilateral development organizations recognize the enormo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoOrE1102)
Maffessanti AP, Schneider DH;;;; AIC Insurance Company, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
The objective of the study was to determine a sustainable long-term premium that should be charged by a South African Insurer based in the Eastern Cape (EC) for absenteeism insurance. Methods: In order to allow for the differential in HIV sero-prevalence levels by industry and income within the membership b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3002)
Mallah HB;;;; Collective for Social ScincesResearch, Karachi, Pakistan
Why adolescents in developing countries are increasingly gaining the interest of researchers, policy makers and programmers? One aspect of this issue is the large number of adolescent s population makes necessary their involvement for human development sustainability. The strongest demand expressed today, by young peop
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3003)
Ladha JS, Mitra D;;;; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
HIV-1 is known to manipulate cellular gene expression and biochemical processes in diverse ways not only to achieve optimal replication efficiency but also to induce T cell death. Despite evidences for several pathways by which HIV can induce cell death, apoptosis has been in the forefront of research impli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3004)
Minami R, Yamamoto M, Miyamuta T, Izutsu K, Suematsu E;;;; Internal Medicine,Clinical Reserch Institute,National Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) is an apoptosis-associated protein that induces apoptosis in activated T-cells. Reports indicate that RCAS1 is expressed on tumor cell membranes and is associated with escape of tumors from the immune system. It has been demonstrated that monoc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3005)
Panagiotidi C, Kotsianopoulou M, Klona K, Papadopoulou D, Panos G, Roumeliotou A;;;; National School of Public Health, AIDS Reference Center, Athens, Greece
Apoptosis has been proposed as a mechanism for the T cell depletion seen in individuals infected with HIV-1. Programmed cell death appears to occur to a larger extent in primary infection later stages of AIDS. The aim of this study is to determine whether apoptosis can be measured after the cell culture of p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3006)
Vignoles M, Carobene M, Minces L, Saracco M, Salomon H, Quarleri J;;;; National Reference Center for AIDS, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
To perform a quantitative evaluation of the impact of HIV-1 in vitro infection on cellular telomerase activity. Methods: HIV-1 BH10 strain was used to infect a GHOST(3) CXCR4 cell line. Forty-eight hours after infection cells were harvested and split for telomerase activity quantification (Roche Diagnostics
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3007)
Malhotra U, Huntsberry C, Delpit E, Lee J, Maenza J, Corey L, McElrath MJ;;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Univeristy of Washington, Seattle, United States
While, IFN-gamma producing virus-specific CD4+ T cells can be detected, T-helper (Th) lymphoproliferative responses are absent in most HIV-1 infected patients. To gain further insight into the mechanisms that contribute to impaired CD4 help, we examined the kinetics and repertoire diversity of the CD4+ T ce
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3008)
Camerini D, Choudhary SK, Powell DM, Walker RM, Walsh CM;;;; University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
The mechanisms by which HIV-1 causes CD4+ T cell depletion remain elusive. Both direct and indirect killing and cell death by apoptosis and necrosis have been reported. We used genomic and cellular approaches to address these questions in thymocytes. Methods: Thymocytes were infected with HIV-1 clone NL4-3
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3009)
Saha K, Zerhouni B, Nelson JA, Carr D, Arundel Y;;;; Children's Hospital and OSU Medical Cener, Columbus, United States
Although HIV-1 primarily infects CD4+ cells using CD4 as a receptor, infection of cells that are negative for CD4 is also well established. The mechanisms involved in infection of CD4-negative cells have remained largely unclear. We have recently isolated CD4-independent viruses from the viral quasispecies
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3010)
Li L, Wei FL, Mei S, Feng X, Cao Y, Jin X;;;; The AIDS Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
HAART effectively controls HIV replication in most drug-compliant individuals, and profoundly effects immunologic responses in their recipients. The information on Chinese patients treated with HAART is still lacking. The objective of this study is to describe the immunologic changes, including lymphocytes
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3011)
O'Connor DH, McDermott AB, Krebs KC, Dodds EJ, Miller JE, Gonzalez EJ, Riek CJ, Jacoby TJ, Piontkivska H, Rehrauer WM, Wilson N, Hughes AL, Watkins DI;;;; University of Wisconsin Department of Pathology, Madison, United States
Extraordinary sequence variability is a defining feature of HIV and SIV isolates. It has been hypothesized that viral escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses generates enormous diversity outside envelope, the primary target of antibody selection. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we infected 35 m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3012)
Mitchai M, Ratchathanee C;;;; Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand
CD4 lymphocyte (T-helper cell) was a major target cell of HIV virus. Progressive decline in CD4 level has been shown to be associated with increased risk of developing oppertunistic infection and with mortality. The number of CD4 count is the key index for antiretoviral(ARV) starting and monitoring after ARV treatment.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3014)
Aidoo M, Sawadogo S, Bile EC, Nkengasong JN, McNicholl J;;;; HIV Immunology and Diagnostics Branch, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
The most desirable HIV vaccine will induce immune responses against multiple HIV subtypes and recombinants. Our objective was to study the role of HLA, virus and T cell degeneracy, in the establishment and maintenance of cross reactive immune responses. Methods: The ELISPOT assay was used to study T-cell cr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3015)
Cossarizza A, Poccia F, D'Offizi G, Agrati C, Bugarini R, Pinti M, Borghi V, Mussini C, Esposito R, Ippolito G, Narciso P;;;; Univ. of Modena, Modena, Italy
Analysis of the T cell repertoire can be useful to better understand the capacity of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to facilitate the reconstitution of the immune system during infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: We have studied two groups of HIV+ patients who were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3016)
Peretz Y, Alter G, Hatzakis G, Tsoukas CM, Bernard NF;;;; McGill University Health Center, MOntreal, Canada
If HIV-specific IFN-gamma secretion is a correlate of immune protection from HIV disease progression, subjects with slow progression rates should have more intense and/or broader responses than those with typical or rapid disease progression rates. Methods: We studied 39 HAART-naïve HIV infected subjects fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3017)
Kebba A, Kaleebu P, Rowland S, Ingram R, Heiner G, Whitworth JA, Imami N, Gotch F;;;; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda
It is unclear how HIV-1-specific immune responses in present in ESN differ from those in sero-positive (SP) subjects. We postulate that if indeed HIV-1-specific cellular immune responses in ESN are a feature of protective immunity, this is not because they are more prevalent, of a higher magnitude or wider breadth comp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3018)
Taskov H, Nikolova M, Muhtarova M, Mihova A, Elenkov I, Kostov K, Boumsell L, Bensussan A;;;; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
The necessity of phenotypic markers correlating with protective CD8+ T cell responses in HIV-1 infection is well recognized. CD160 is MHC-I specific co-stimulatory molecule expressed by highly cytotoxic CD28-CD8+ T cells (CTL). We have previously documented an increased circulating CD160+CD8+ T subset in HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3020)
Biasin M, Venuto A, Vigano A, Giacomet V, Merlo M, Trabattoni D, Clerici M;;;; Department Immunol, University Milano, Milano, Italy
HIV-specific T helper and CTL activity was shown at birth in healthy, uninfected newborns of HIV-infected mothers; HIV specific-cell mediated immunity (CMI) was suggested to be a correlate of protection against infection. We verified HIV- and HCV-specific CMI in newborns of HIV-; HVC;- and HIV+HCV-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3021)
Ogunrotimi O;;;; Edfho, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
The 5.8% prevalence of HIV/AIDS and its prospect of increasing is a major health problem in Nigeria and the attempt at reducing its spread informed the use of peer education (PE) approach to reach students post secondary and tertiary in Ekiti state of Nigeria. The project started in 1999 with funding from USAID
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3022)
Almeida M, Cordero M, Almeida J, Orfao A;;;; Service of Cytometry and Cancer Research Centre, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Dendritic cells (DCs) have an impaired function in HIV-1+ patients. Their interaction with HIV-1 depends on its expression of HIV-1 receptors and co-receptors. We analyzed the expression of chemokine receptors on monocytes and DCs from naïve HIV-1+ individuals, and their ability to produce inflammatory cyto
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3023)
Kaufmann DE, Wagner B, Sidney J, Norris PJ, Johnston MN, Rogers T, Addo MM, Altfeld M, Brander C, Sette A, Walker BD, Rosenberg ES;;;; Partners AIDS Research Center/Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Increasing evidence suggests that HIV-specific CD4 responses are critical for effective immune control of HIV infection, and as such are an important target of potential HIV vaccines. The polymorphism of HLA molecules complicates the identification of epitopes that are suitable for use in a genetically dive
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3024)
Kent SJ, Fernandez CS, Stratov I, De Rose R, Dale CJ;;;; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
No natural immunity exists for HIV. Escape from specific T cell responses likely contributes to the failure to clear HIV-1. Serially passing pre-escaped HIV-1 strains between subjects should result in some escape mutants being retained (if the relevant presenting MHC class I gene is shared) and some mutatio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3025)
Loffredo JT, Grafton KK, Rakasz EG, Yant LJ, Dodds EJ, O'Connor DH, Wilson NA, Watkins DI;;;; National Primate Research Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
It is thought that cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in controlling HIV and SIV. Since routine immunological assays do not directly measure antiviral activity, our current understanding of CTL efficacy is inadequate. It is possible that sub-dominant CTL may be more effective than immunodo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3026)
Morelli P, Meroni L, Mologni D, Galazzi M, Adorni F, Galli M, Riva A;;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Metabolic alterations and abnormalities of fat distribution are common findings in antiretroviral treated HIV-1infected patients. The role of CD36 (high affinity receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein-cholesterol), in the genesis of lipid metabolism abnormalities has been recently investigated. Objec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3027)
Harrer T, Harrer EG, Bauerle M, Bergmann S, Hamacher M, Eismann K, Schmitt-Haendle M, Kalden JR, Petzold B, Chaplin P, Muller S;;;; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
CTL activity usually is analyzed using peptides from defined HIV-1 strains in ELISPOT or chromium release assays. However, HIV-1 is a variable virus and there is a lack of data concerning the recognition of autologous virus. Therefore, we studied the recognition of autologous virus by nef-specific CTL in pa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3028)
Kemal K, Beattie T, Sutton J, Weiser B, Rowland-Jones S, Kuiken C, Philpott S, Collman R, Burger H;;;; Wadsworth Center, NY State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
Long-term nonprogressive (LTNP) HIV-1 infection presents an opportunity to study pathogenesis and the correlates of protection from disease progression. LTNP infection may be influenced by the interaction of viral sequences and the immune response. Most previous studies have examined immune responses to con
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3029)
Diaz LS, Foster H, Stone MR, Fujimura SH, Relman D, Levy JA;;;; University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
Microarray and RT-PCR analyses of CD8+ cells from HIV-infected individuals showing the CD8+ cell non-cytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) revealed that the mRNA for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a cell surface molecule found on endothelial cells, was present in these cells and not in CD8+ cells
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3030)
Mela CM, Burton CT, Gazzard BG, Gotch FM, Imami N;;;; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
It has been hypothesised that functional cellular immune responses induced immediately following HIV-1 infection may be preserved by early treatment with HAART during acute disease. Thus allowing eventual discontinuation of antiretroviral drug therapy and induction of long-term non-progressor (LTNP) status.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3031)
Harrer T, Bauerle M, Bergmann S, Hamacher M, Harrer EG;;;; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Introduction: Although strong CTL responses in long-term non-progressors suggest an important role of CTL, it is difficult to prove that CTL are responsible for HIV-1 suppression in vivo. Here, we report on the influence of steroid treatment on viral load and function of HIV-1-specific T-cells in an HIV-infected patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3032)
Frahm N, Woodberry T, Hraber PT, Yusim K, Henry LM, Sango K, Linde CH, Wurcel AG, Pae E, Walker BD, Korber BT, Brander C;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
The molecular structure of the peptide-binding cleft of HLA molecules largely determines the binding of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. While each HLA allele displays its specific binding motif, alleles with similar motifs can be grouped into HLA supertypes. These HLA supertypes focus on HLA class I
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3033)
Frahm N, Sango K, Linde CH, Brown NV, Wurcel AG, Pae E, Walker BD, Korber BT, Brander C;;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
The comparison of the in vitro immunogenicity of clade B consensus and group M ancestral HIV peptide sequences is of major importance for the selection of a defined viral antigen sequence for vaccine design. Methods: HIV clade B infected individuals were tested by IFN-gamma Elispot assay for responses again
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3034)
Dale CJ, Smith MZ, De Rose R, Stratov I, Fernandez CS, Brooks AG, Krebs K, Riek C, Watkins DI, O'Connor DH, Kent SJ;;;; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Introduction: Successful HIV vaccines will need to induce effective CD8+ CTL. To model T cell control of HIV, we studied an immunodominant CTL response in vaccinated pigtail macaques (M. nemestrina). Methods: A 9-mer SIVgag peptide, designated KP9, was presented by >30% of outbred macaques, at levels of 0.7-9.8% of all
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3035)
Van Rie A, Madhi S, Tiemessen C, Heera J, Meddows-Taylor S, Anthony F, Wendelboe A, Violari A;;;; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
Intrauterine HIV exposure has been associated with immunological changes in HIV uninfected infants. Little is known about TB-specific T cell responses in these infants. Methods: A cohort of 133 mother-infants pairs was followed from delivery to age 14 weeks. Information on maternal HIV infection, Niverapine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3036)
Nwoke AC;;;; AIDS Alliance in Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
Oru Refugee Camp presents a set of complex social and economic challenges to young people in the Camp. The Camp population is highly mobile and comprises a mix of different nationals from all over Africa. The youths lack basic knowledge of how HIV is transmitted, young girls in the Camp are particularly at risk
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3037)
Akioye MR;;;; Journalists action on Health, Lagos, Nigeria
Purpose: To provide an avenue for youths to meet with the aim of providing information to strengthen the prevention and control measures on HIV/AIDS/STIs pandemic through behavioural change intervention programmes. Methodology: Some high schools were selected at random in Nigeria where a health symposia were held prece
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3038)
Kantakamalakul W, Jongrakthaitae S, Ampol S, Sutthent R;;;; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
To avoid using radioactive chromium (51Cr), the EGFP-K562 flow cytometric assay had been developed to use as an alternative method to the chromium release assay for examining NK cell cytotoxic activity in healthy individuals. Methods: This assay was applied to determine the NK activity in 30 asymptomatic Th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3039)
D'Agostino C, Ceccarelli G, Dell'Isola S, Lichtner M, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V;;;; La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
alpha-defensins are a family of antimicrobial peptides abundant in immune cells that engage in host defense contributing to the killing of microbes. Recently, it has been reported that human alpha-defensins-1-2-3 account for the anti-HIV activity of CD8 antiviral factor and seem to explain why certain peopl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3040)
Tang HL, Feng Y, Chen JP, Hei FX, Yuan L, Peng H, Hong KX, Shao YM;;;; National Center for AIDS Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Natural alpha interferon (IFN-alpha)-producing cells (IPCs) are emerging in innate immunity as a cell population specialized in secreting type 1 IFN in response to pathogens, as the front line in immune responses against pathogens and the bridge of innate and adaptive immunity. IPCs have been brought to the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3041)
Schmidt RE, Valor Mendez L, Weber K, Horvath T, Heiken H;;;; Dept. of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
NK cells represent an efficient first line of defense against tumor cells and virus infections. This function is likely to be important in controlling HIV and opportunistic pathogens as well. Although a functional defect of NK cell function in late stages of HIV infection has been described, the role of NK
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3042)
Vaslin B, Blanc S, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Thiebot H, Prost S, Le Grand R;;;; CEA, Service de Neurovirologie, DSV/DRM, CRSSA, Fontenay aux Roses, France
Dendritic cells (DC) originate from bone marrow hematopoietic precursors (BMP). Because DCs play a major role in HIV/SIV induced pathogenesis, we studied DC ontogenesis in cynomolgus macaques chronically infected with pathogenic SIVmac251, a relevant animal model of HIV/AIDS. Methods: CD34+ BMP were enriche
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3044)
Hladik F, Sakchalathorn P, Ballweber L, Lentz G, Eschenbach D, McElrath MJ;;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
Background and methods: Sexual HIV transmission is thought to occur with the initial uptake of virions by mucosal dendritic cells (DCs), followed by the delivery of HIV to CD4+ T cells. This sequential model has arisen primarily from studies utilizing monocyte-derived DCs and epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) rather tha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3045)
Nittayananta W, Coombs RW, Dale BA, Ayehunie S, Klausner M;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
As part of innate immunity, oral mucosal epithelial cells secrete a class of antimicrobial peptides termed human beta-defensins (hBD). HIV induces expression of hBD-2 and hBD-3 mRNA in human oral epithelial cells; however, the role of hBD in HIV transmission using a human oral tissue model has not been stud
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3046)
Bomsel M, Tudor D, Derrien M, Drillet AS, Alfsen A, Reynes JM, Buisson Y;;;; Institut Cochin, Paris, France
Backgound: Rare individuals remaining uninfected despite unprotected sex with HIV+ partners, i.e. Highly Exposed IgG Sero-Negative (HESN), contain in their secretions anti-HIV envelope secretory IgA (S-IgA), as one of the correlate to protection. Such IgA, the major effector molecule of the mucosal immune system have b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3047)
Hladik F, Liu H, Andrus T, Nelson P, Sakchalathorn P, Lentz G, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Zhu T;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Our current understanding of sexual HIV transmission favors the initial uptake of virions by mucosal dendritic cells (DC) via C-Type lectins, most notably DC-SIGN. These DCs then deliver HIV for infection of CD4+ T cells. A close homologue of DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR, exhibits similar HIV-1 capturing capacity. It
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3048)
McCoombe SG, Cameron PU, Short RV;;;; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that circumcised men are 8 times less likely to become infected by HIV than uncircumcised men. Immunocompetent cells expressing specific HIV receptors are present in all mucosal surfaces of the penis. Once HIV binds to a receptor, the target cell then migrates to the regional lymph no
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3049)
Ibuki K, Enose Y, Miyake A, Takahashi M, Suzuki H, Horiuchi R, Saitou N, Nakasone T, Honda M, Miura T, Takahashi H, Hayami M;;;; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
GALT is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, containing the majority of lymphocytes. GALT is also an important portal of entry for HIV-1, but little is known the effects of primary HIV-1 infection on GALT. In this study, we characterized this early phase in rhesus macaques intrarectally infected with pat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3050)
Zafranskaya MM;;;; The State International Sakharov Environmental Univetrsity, Minsk, Belarus
HIV-infection is characterized by presence of paradox in cytokines production. The aim of investigation is to study of IL-1-alfa and IL-1Ra production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in HIV-infected patients and both contents in serum and urine. Materials: 46 HIV-infected patients were investigated. The 1s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3051)
Meddows-Taylor S, Schramm D, Gray GE, Kuhn L, Tiemessen CT;;;; Aids Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
The CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1ialpha, MIP-1[beta, and regulation upon activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) are the natural ligands for the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5. Despite the significant body of evidence showing the positive influence of these chemokines in the cont
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3052)
Wang xiaohui WX;;;; Shenzhen municipal center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, China
How about gene polymorphism of HIV-1 infection coreceptor affect Chinese HIV-1 carrier is unknown. So CCR5Gamma32, CCR5m303, CCR2-64I, SDF1-3 A gene polymorphism of 189 Chinese HIV-1 carrier was analyzed. Virus load of some HIV-1 carrier were assayed to find how gene polymorphism to affect the prognosis of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3053)
Herbein G, Varin A, Decrion AZ, Roques BP, Aggarwal BB;;;; Department of Virology Franche-Comte University, Besancon, France
The HIV-1 Vpr gene product is a 14 kDa virion-associated protein which is involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control, nuclear import of pre-integration complexes and transactivation of cellular and viral promoters. Most of the data obtained so far have been reported in experiments with endogenous Vpr prot
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3054)
Routy JP, Boulassel MR, Smith GH, Edwardes MD, Klein M, Gilmore N, Lalonde R;;;; Division of Hematology and Immunodeficiency Service, Montreal, Qc, Canada
IL-7 regulates the T-cell pool size and high baseline IL-7 levels predict a beneficial virological response to HAART. To explain this finding, we investigated the relationships of IL-7 with RANTES and SDF-1 because both chemokines may be involved in HIV-1 replication and disease progression. Furthermore, IL
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3055)
Reimann G, Brockmeyer NH, Kreuter A, Schlottmann R, Bader A, Hochdorfer B, Schugt I, Schmutz G, Altmeyer P;;;; And Network HIV, Department of Dermatology, Bochum, Germany
Currently available treatments of patients with HIV-1 infection use as targets two viral enzymes encoded by the transcriptase or protease genes. Combinations of three or more antiretroviral drugs (ART = antiretroviral therapy) come out with dramatic effects in prolonging survival and reducing morbidity in t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3056)
Flores E, Zuniga J, Hernandez NG, Haddad A, Reyes-Teran G;;;; National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
It has been suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines may have a role in the intriguing pathogenesis of AIDS-associated wasting syndrome (WS). The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory sequences of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cy
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3057)
Margolis L, Ito Y, Grivel JC, Chen S, Kiselyeva Y, Reichelderfer P;;;; NICHD/NIH, Bethesda, United States
In infected individuals, HIV-1 exist as a swarm of quasi-species compartmentalized in tissues where individual viral variants may interact locally. The mechanisms of compartmentalization of HIV-1 quasi-species, in general, including of HIV-1 coreceptor specificity, in particular, remain unknown. Local viral
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3059)
Alonso-Lobo JM, Garcia-Moruja C, Bermejo M, Gonzalez N, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Caruz A, Alcami J;;;; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
To analyse the regulation of the SDF1/CXCL12 expression in different cell types and by different stimuli, including regulatory viral proteins. Methods: A fragment of 1.1 kb and different deletions of the promoter was cloned upstream luciferase reporter vector. Different cell types - fibroblasts, astrocytes,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3060)
Miguez-Burbano MJ, Rodriguez A, Shor-Posner G, Hadrigan S, Acosta de Velasquez B;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Disease Prevention, Miami, United States
The present study explored the role of IL-6, a platelet growth factor, on immune markers in HIV(+) subjects with and without thrombocytopenia. Methods: 100 HIV(+) patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study between 7/2002-9/2003. The peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) stimulated production
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3061)
Temoshok LR, Wald RL, Garzino-Demo A;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, MD, United States
In two previously published studies of asymptomatic persons with HIV (N = 100/200), higher levels of a coping pattern characterized by reduced recognition and expression of one s own needs and emotions (Type C) significantly predicted disease progression at 6 and 12 month follow-ups. Based on accumulating e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3062)
Gomez FA, Romero SP, Bernal JA, Ruiz P, Rosety M, Garcia-Gil D, Rivera C;;;; Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Department of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
Immune reconstitution is one of the goals of HIV treatment. IL-7 is critical for thymopoiesis and for the regulation of T cells in the periphery. An inverse correlation has been reported between plasma IL-7 and CD4 count, suggesting that IL-7 may be a part of the compensatory mechanisms of CD4 depletion. Ob
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3063)
Simonelli C, Michieli M, Bortolin MT, Sartor I, Abbruzzese L, Rupolo M, Tedeschi R, Spina M, Mazzucato M, De Paoli P, Tirelli U;;;; National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
It has been demonstrated that HAART improved the survival in HIV-patients with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). However, given the refractory nature of HIV-NHL, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. In our Institute refractory and or relapsed NHL and Hodgkin s lymphoma (HDL) in HIV-patients are treated with HCT followed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3064)
Pires A, Nelson M, Pozniak A, Fisher M, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Imami N;;;; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
In late-stage HIV-1, ART does not allow restoration of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses. In some cases, lack of response to other pathogens results in severe immune reconstitution disease (IRD). IL2+GM-CSF immunotherapy is being considered as an adjunct to ART in such patients. Individuals with late-stage HIV-1 on effec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3065)
Zidovec Lepej S, Begovac J, Vince A;;;; University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
The aim of our study was to compare the number/% of naïve and memory CD4+ T-cells, CD38+CD8+ T-cells and CD28+CD4+ and CD28+CD8+ T-cells in patients with advanced (baseline CD4+ count 100 cells) HIV-disease during 4 years of suppressive (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3066)
Mastroianni CM, Forcina G, dEttorre G, Andreotti M, Palmisano L, Sarmati L, Vella S, Andreoni M, Vullo V;;;; Department of infectious and tropical diseases, La Sapienza University, Viale R. Elena 331, 00161, Rome, Italy
A discordant response to HAART occurs when CD4 counts are stable or increased over time despite persistently detectable viral load (VL). Methods: We studied: A) 10 discordant patients: viral load (VL)>400 copies/ml sustained>1 year, CD4>200 cells/ml with stable/increasing trend>1 year; B) 7 responder patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3067)
Khanna N, Kaufmann G, Furrer H, Cavassini M, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Weber R, Rickenbach M, Hirschel B, Ledergerber B, Battegay M, Perrin L; Div. Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
The recovery of CD4 T-cell count in individuals treated with active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is highly variable, but mainly depends on virologic suppression and age. We analyzed the impact of individual antiretroviral drug regimens on CD4 T-cell recovery. Methods: Longitudinal CD4 T-cell count was stu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3068)
Markova R, Terzieva V, Todorova Y, Drenska R, Elenkov I, Yankova M, Kostov K;;;; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
To date, determination of cellular immunity to HIV-1 antigens has focused on engaging costimulatory molecules, adding stimulatory cytokines, or both, in order to drive the immune response away from apoptosis or anergy and towards proliferation. Recruitment of various stimulatory pathways will enhance the ce
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3069)
Terzieva V, Markova R, Drenska R, Todorova Y, Elenkov I, Yankova M, Kostov K;;;; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
To better understand the mechanisms and magnitude of an effective immune response to HIV-1 is of importance for the development of new treatment strategies. Virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses are critical in controlling HIV-1 infection, but the magnitude and targets of such responses as well as the signif
The thymus is proposed to play a role in CD4 reconstitution during therapy. We determined the thymic function of HIV-1 infected individuals during treatment with HAART alone or in conjunction with interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) and/or with HIV-1 immunogen (Remune). Methods: The T cell receptor excision circles (TRE
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3071)
Di Mascio M, Sereti I, Matthews L, Natarajan V, Yoder C, Jones E, Chow C, Sidorov I, Dimitrov D, Metcalf JA, Polis MA, Kovacs JA;;;; NIAID, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
The mechanisms leading to preferential naïve T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection are uncertain. Debate continues as to whether increased T cell turnover or inhibition of de novo production of T cells at the level of thymic output plays a predominant role. In this study, we have simultaneously examined thymi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3072)
Fernandez S, Nolan RC, Kruger R, Wood C, Cameron D, Price P, French MA;;;; School of Surgery and Pathology, Perth, Australia
CD4 T-cell reconstitution in HIV patients on HAART varies widely despite optimal suppression of viral replication. We assessed the effect of thymus regeneration and factors affecting peripheral T-cells on CD4 T-cell recovery in HIV patients on HAART. Methods: The cohort comprised 78 patients who began treat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3073)
Lee S, French M, Price P;;;; University of Western Australia and Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
The pathogenesis of HIV infection and susceptibility to opportunistic infections has been associated with poor type 1 cytokine production. IL-23 is a recently discovered cytokine formed from the p40 subunit of IL-12 binding to p19, a novel homologue of IL-12p35. IL-23 has very similar functions to IL-12, no
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3074)
Schrooten W, Pelgrom J, Vandenbruaene M, Dreezen C, De Roo A, Lynen L;;;; Institute of Tropical Medecine, Antwerp, Belgium
To study the evolution of CD4 cell count 5 years after starting Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) in a clinical setting. To explore which factors influence the change in CD4 cell count. Methods: HIV outpatient clinic, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp. All patients (N=225) who started HAA
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3075)
Vrisekoop N, de Boer AB, Otto SA, Borghans JA, Tesselaar K, Miedema F;;;; Sanquin Research Landsteiner Lab and Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
To determine the contribution of the thymus to repopulation of lymphocytes in T cell depleted individuals, discrimination of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) would be helpful. It has been implied that CD31 could be a marker for RTE, since CD31+CD45RA+CD4+ T cells have 8 fold higher TREC levels compared to thei
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3076)
Parisi SG, Biasin M, Piacentini L, Magri G, Bergamaschi C, Mazzi R, Gatti F, Concia E, Sarmati L, Andreoni M, Clerici M;;;; Infectious Diseases Department, Verona Hospital, Verona, Italy
Different factors including T-cell thymic output, T-cell proliferation and apoptosis are involved in the maintenance of T-cell homeostasis. These parameters were evaluated in HIV-infected naïve patients undergoing long term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: 30 naïve HIV patients on HAAR
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3077)
Torti C, Cologni G, Uccelli MC, Quiros-Roldan E, Imberti L, Airo P, Pirovano S, Patroni A, Tirelli V, Carosi G;;;; Institute of Infectious and aTropical Diseases,University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Correlates of immune reconstitution after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are not completely understood, in particular as far as viro-immunological discordant responses are concerned. Methods: HIV+ patients on stable HAART for >/= 1 year were recruited. Viro-immunological responses were categor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3078)
Correa R, Nobile M, Cellerai C, Gatell JM, Lazzarin A, Wit FW, Lange JM, Pantaleo G;;;; On behalf of MOCHA project team
At baseline, i.e. prior to initiation of antiviral therapy (ART), viral load is a strong predictor of response to ART and of the recovery of CD4 T cells. It is unclear, however, what are the immunologic mechanisms regulating the recovery of CD4 T cells. In the present study, we have determined whether measu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3079)
Goicoechea M, Landay A, Miller CJ, Smith D, Haubrich R;;;; University of California San Diego, Antiviral Research Center, San Diego, United States
High expression of CD38 on CD8 lymphocytes is a predictor of CD4 cell count decline, even after accounting for plasma HIV-1 viral load. CD38 expression declines during antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, but still does not reach levels of HIV non-infected controls. We investigated CD38 expression on CD8 cells as
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3080)
Andreoni M, Sarmati L, Chiesi A, Palmisano L, Vella S, Angeletti C, Nicastri E, Nicastri E;;;; University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
The influence of demographic, virological, immunological and clinical parameters on the CD4 cell recovery in patients with long term viral suppression during HAART has not been well defined. Methods: A longitudinal multi-centric observational study was performed in 53 Italian infectious diseases wards. Over
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeA3081)
Hernandez NG, Zuniga J, Vega-Barrientos R, Cruz-Lagunas A, Espinosa E, Haddad A, Reyes-Teran G;;;; National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is characterized by clinical deterioration while the immune system of HIV-infected individuals is restoring with HAART. Several cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of IRIS. The objective of this study was to examine the potential contribution of p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3082)
Das P, Das S;;;; Das Research Centre & Clinical Laboratory, Kolkata, India
Recent studies have shown abnormal serum lipids in HIV infected persons and use of protease inhibitors in their treatment further accentuates this condition. There are many studies on lipid profile of HIV infected patients but there is no study on serum lipoprotein electrophoresis in this group of patients.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3083)
Badaru SO, Ariyo FK, Ajayi JA, Oyewole EO, Oyewole FC, Omilabu SA;;;; University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Many HIV diagnostic kits have flooded Nigerian market. It is therefore essential for the health authority to identify and select suitable diagnostic kit for the country. Since HIV-1 & 2 serodiagnosis is the backbone of VCT, HIV diagnosis and testing of blood donors, blood and its products in developing
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3084)
Badaru SO, Thomas BN, Ariyo FK, Uwah AU, Sandey EO, Omilabu SA;;;; Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Countries of poor resource settings could not afford the suitable technology for monitoring and evaluating the status of PHLWHA. Viral load and CD4 count are relatively expensive to manage and therefore need some other simple and suitable prognostic markers for this purpose. Methods: Preliminary HIV testing
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3085)
Hardy LG, Edwards M, Hughes L, Cheingsong-Barron R;;;; National Blood Transfusion Service, Georgetown, Guyana
In order to expand voluntary counselling and testing in Guyana , a phase I laboratory-based evaluation of HIV rapid tests was conducted at the National Blood Transfusion Services. Objectives: To determine the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of five HIV rapid kit (Determine, Uni-Gold, Hemastri
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3086)
Land SA, Sayer DC, Gizzarelli LS, Birch CJ, Emery S, Hales G, French MA, Dax EM;;;; National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia, Melbourne, Australia
The objective of the National Reference Laboratory, Australia s external quality assessment scheme (EQAS) for HIV-1 genotypic antiretroviral (ARV) resistance testing (genotyping) was to standardise the outcome of the testing and thereby increase the clinical and research value of HIV genotyping. It was impl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3087)
Pattanapanyasat K, Shain H, Prasertsilpa V, Lerdwana S, Noulsri E, Thepthai C, Eksaengsri A;;;; Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
With the availability of inexpensive anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Thailand , the provision of affordable CD4 testing for initiating and monitoring of ART has emerged as a vital issue. The high cost of CD4 testing using state of the art methods is due to: a) the use of many reagents for lymphocyte marker
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3088)
Barnaba AK, Rayfield M, Fridlund C, Marum E, Feluzi HG, Msowoya K, Campbell C;;;; Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
Voluntary counseling and testing started in urban areas of Malawi in 1992 using EIA tests and results were available in one week. This made many clients not to utilize the service. From 1999 - 2003, we evaluated the performance of four whole blood HIV rapid test kits (Determine, Hemastrip, Unigold and Oraqu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3089)
Teav S, Lynen L, Vereecken C, De Munter P, Srey C, Kestens L;;;; Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Guidelines recommend monitoring of CD4-lymphocyte counts (CD4) before start and during follow-up of antiretroviral therapy in PLWHA. Conventional methods to determine CD4 are expensive. We validated a cheaper alternative CD4 counting method using a CyFlow instrument. Methods: After training a laboratory tec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3091)
Foglia G, Royster GD, Wasunna KM, Kibaya R, Malia JA, Calero EK, Sateren W, Renzullo PO, Robb ML, Birx DL, Michael NL;;;; United States Army Medical Research Unit - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
Rapid HIV-1 serologic testing can reduce barriers to HIV-1 testing in settings where individuals fail to return for test results or where testing is resource-limited. Prospective studies using fresh specimens directly comparing reference HIV-1 serology using screening enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and confirmato
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3092)
Hural JA, Hudgens MG, Horton H, Gray CM, Ferrari G, Cao H, Chui Y, Weinhold KJ, McElrath MJ;;;; HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
Most candidate vaccines currently under development and clinical evaluation are designed to elicit T cell immunity. Therefore, immune monitoring of HVTN vaccine clinical trials must utilize T cell assays that are validated and standardized in order to obtain believable datasets that are accurate, reliable a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3093)
Fiscus SA, Chen S, Hoover DR, Kerkau M, Alabanza P, Siharath S, Schmitz J, Kumwenda NI, Taha TE;;;; Univ of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Antiretroviral therapy has become more affordable with the introduction of generic drugs to resource poor settings, but laboratory costs for monitoring response to therapy remain expensive. We hypothesized that an estimate of viral load (VL) could be obtained using half of the Roche VL dilutions, thus reduc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3094)
Ziermann R, Tsongalis G, Gleeson T, Rodina M, Anamani D, Ross J, Joanisse I, Tanimoto L;;;; Hartford Hospital, Hartford, United States
Objectives: The most commonly used HIV genotypic resistance assays are based on DNA sequencing (TRUGENE, ABI, and home brew) or reverse hybridization (LiPA). This study compares the results obtained with clinical samples tested by the LiPA HIV-1 Protease (PR) and Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Resistance Assay [a genotypic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3095)
Vercauteren G, Beelaert G;;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
To enable scale up of HIV antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, the HIV status of vastly more individuals in countries with limited resources but highly affected by the HIV epidemic need to be diagnosed. To achieve this goal it has been proposed that health care staff with core competencies but no formal laboratory
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3096)
Osho OB, Ogun SA, Odusoga OL, Daniel OJ, Oluwole FA, Salako AA, Ogundahunsi O, Falola OL, Ogunfowora O, Oladapo OT, Kolapo K, Boyle BA;;;; Center for Special Studies/Community Medicine Dept., Sagamu, Ogun state, Nigeria
Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) has been recommended as a substitute for CD4 count in the management of HIV infected patients. This study investigates the correlation of ALC and CD4 count in Nigeria . Method: A longitudinal study of HIV+ patients attending HIV Clinic in Sagamu, Nigeria between October 2002
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3097)
Chieco-Bianchi L, Calabro' ML, Martinelli C, Barbierato M, Dal Vecchio S, Leoncini F;;;; Dept of Oncology, Padova, Italy
Scarce data are available on the long-term clinical outcome and dynamics of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) load in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) with discordant immunological and virological responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: HHV-8 load was evaluated by real-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3098)
Schmitt U, Zarnt T, Scholz C, Faatz E, Melchior W; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
The early detection of HIV primary infection of anti-HIV assays can be improved by on average 6 or 10 days by additionally testing HIV Ag or PCR. On the other hand PCR or HIV Ag testing in addition to anti-HIV testing is very expensive and time consuming and cause the need of sample splitting between PCR/HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3099)
Ondoa P, Koblavi-Deme S, Borget MY, Nolan M, Nkengasong JN, Kestens L;;;; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
because of the paucity of plasma RNA viral load tests in resource-poor settings, most often CD4+ T cell count is used as the sole laboratory marker to evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients. Alternative affordable methods like the measure of cellular immune activ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3100)
Burstein GR, Newman DR, San Antonio-Gaddy ML, Richardson-Moore AL, Krchnavek K, Sonoda R, Branson BM;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
With the U. S. Food and Drug Administration approval of the OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 antibody test, suitable for use outside traditional laboratory settings, clients in the United States now have a choice of a rapid HIV test performed on a venipuncture or finger stick whole blood specimen that provides same-day
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3101)
Teshale EH, Hanson DL, Sullivan PS, Wolfe MI;;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
Expanding access to antiretroviral drugs in resource-limited settings is often compromised by the inability to monitor therapeutic effect. Patients weight gain, if correlated with virologic response to HAART, could provide a simple and affordable alternative to viral load (VL) testing. Methods: We used data
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3102)
Marlowe N, Eshleman SH, Cunningham SP, Drews B, Swanson P, Brennan C, Devare SG, Zekeng L, Kaptue L, Hackett J Jr;;;; Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, United States
Genetic diversity of HIV-1 presents a challenge to diagnostic and patient monitoring assays. The Celera Diagnostics ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System is an FDA-cleared, integrated system for sequence-based analysis of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in subtype B strains. With the increasing availability of an
Most of the commercially available HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance assays were developed based on HIV-1 subtype B and remain expensive. In house genotypic drug resistance assay is cheaper and can be tailored to fit any genotype. Therefore, it is an alternative tool to better serve resource-limited countries
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3104)
Cossarizza A, Nemes E, Roncaglia R, Scacchetti T, Lugli E, Ferraresi R, Rossi D, Troiano L, Mussini C;;;; University of Modena, Modena, Italy
Peripheral blood CD4 T cell count is crucial for monitoring antiviral therapy in HIV+ patients. In several countries this analysis is too expensive, mainly for the cost of the required instruments. The determination of the percentage of these cells by flow cytometry has to be accompanied by lymphocyte count
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3105)
Thakar MR, Rao AR, Mahajan BA, Brahme RG, Kishore K, Mehendale SM, Paranjape RS;;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
The WHO initiative to expand access to anti-retroviral drugs under 3 by 5 programme has highlighted the need of less expensive HIV disease and treatment monitoring assays. The classical assays like CD4 count and viral load estimation are expensive. A cheaper and widely available alternative to predict and m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3106)
Burek VB;;;; University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
acute HIV infection (HIV seroconversion syndrome) is a condition that occurs 2 to 4 weeks after infection by the HIV virus and clinically is manifested in 40 - 90% of cases presented as a transient symptomatic illness resembling infectious mononucleosis or other viral flu syndromes. The only way for confirm
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3107)
Hare CB, Pappalardo BL, Busch MP, Phelps B, Alexander SS, Ramstead C, Levy JA, Hecht FM;;;; University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
Our observation of HIV antibody reversion among patients treated with ART during acute/early HIV infection prompted a systematic evaluation of this phenomenon. Methods: Subjects were selected from the Options Project Cohort of individuals with acute (negative EIA/positive RNA) or early (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3108)
Sippy N, Marshall S, Abayomi A;;;; Ladymeade Reference Unit, St.Michael, Barbados
Four colour flowcytometry for the enumeration of CD4+ T cell counts employs expensive monoclonal antibodies. Panleucogating (PLG) is an efficient and cost-effective technique that has been evaluated for obtaining CD4+ T cell counts and uses the entire white cell population rather than the lymphocyte populat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3109)
Fonseca K, Di Francesco L, Galli R, Hogg B, Schechter M, Kane S, Taylor D, Miller ML, Reckart M, Gill J, Read R, George A;;;; Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, Calgary, Canada
To complete a large scale prospective clinical trial of a single use membrane-based rapid HIV antibody test device for Health Canada regulatory purposes. Methods: The INSTI HIV-1/HIV-2 Antibody Test Kit, (Biolytical Laboratories Corporation, Richmond, BC, Canada), detects antibodies to HIV-1 and 2 in human
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3110)
Teav S, Lynen L, Vereecken C, De Munter P, Hines JG, Kestens L;;;; Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Guidelines recommend monitoring of CD4-lymphocyte counts (CD4) before initiation and during follow-up of antiretroviral therapy in PLWHA. We installed and validated an affordable alternative CD4 count method, the CyFlow SL Green 2P (FL & SSC) in the Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE in Phnom Penh. In the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3111)
Bobkova M, Buravtsova E, Sukhanova A, Olkhovsky I, Bobkov A, Pokrovsky V;;;; Russia AIDS Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
Background and The number of infants born to HIV-infected mothers has been growing rapidly in Russia and reached 7,538 by the end 2003. In Russia, the Amplicor HIV-1 test was first introduced in 1999 and mainly intended for HIV-1 detection in infants. The results obtained in Russian regional laboratories wer
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3112)
Singh M, Moodley J, Connolly C, Moodley D;;;; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
The current HIV-1 testing protocol in resource-poor settings uses the IgG antibody-based ( ELISA ) for the diagnosis of perinatal HIV infection at 12 mths or later. Direct virological tests such as PCR are expensive and must be performed by trained staff in specially contained lab areas. The p24 antigen (Ag
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3113)
Gupte NA, Bhore AV, Phadke MA, Bharucha K, Sastry J, Kshirsagar AV, Bulakh PM, Pisal H, Suryawanshi N, Bollinger RC, Brookmeyer R;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Background Clinical trials for prevention of perinatal HIV transmission have shown that antiretroviral therapy can reduce mother-to-infant HIV transmissions by about 50%. Also in some settings pregnant women may present for the first time in the delivery room with no access to any antenatal care. It is important to ide
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3114)
Schumacher W, Wiedmann M, Zauke M, Boehm S, Walter M, Frick E, van der Vliet R, Maier-Hoyle V, Kauselmann M, Babiel R;;;; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
Changes of viral load in plasma of patients with AIDS need to be accurately monitored in order to evaluate the effects of anti-retroviral therapy. Therefore, a high-throughput automated assay has been developed for the monitoring of HIV-1 viral load in patients with AIDS. The assay is based on automated nuc
HIV viral load is a necessary patient monitoring test during treatment of infection. Unfortunately, its cost is still prohibitive for HIV infected patients with limited income. To develop a less expensive assay to measure HIV viral load for using in resource-limited countries. Methods: A new syst
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3116)
Malhotra K, Kyger E, O'Donnell P, Johnsonbaugh J, Shyu J, Luk K, Noutsios C, Schoenbrunner R, Soviero S;;;; Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, United States
Accurate and sensitive quantification of HIV-1 RNA is useful in monitoring disease progression and the responsiveness of patients to a therapeutic regimen. We developed a highly sensitive, robust and reproducible assay based on real time PCR (TaqMan) to quantitate HIV-1 RNA in plasma samples. Advantages of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3117)
Harrigan PR, Asselin JJ, Dong W, Wynhoven B, Brumme C, Brumme Z, Hogg RS, Montaner JS, Goodrich J, Mayer H;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
We are integrating baseline HIV co-receptor usage phenotype, HIV env V3 genotype and clinical response data in the Homer cohort of 1191 antiretroviral-naïve adults starting triple therapy in BC, Canada (08/1996-09/1999). Methods: Pre-therapy plasma HIV co-receptor use (ViroLogic Phenosense assay) and HIV V3
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3118)
Mburu J, Foglia G, Robb M, Kimutai R, Birx D, Kibaya R, Obiero J, Pande P, Waga F, Ochieng F, Moseti H, Mosera R, Rono E, Bett L, Langat L, Kiptoo I;;;; United States Medical Research Unit-Kenya HIV Program, Kericho, Kenya
In 2003, the Kenyan National AIDS/STD Control Program estimated that the HIV prevalence was 10.2%. In order to plan for ARV intervention, it is necessary to determine HIV prevalence, stage of disease and rate of progression to the next stage. Methods: This is an ongoing HIV vaccine cohort development study
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3119)
Mwachari CW, Nduba VN, Meier AS, Kariuki JN, Muyodi JA, Kigo A, Park DR, Holmes KK, Cohen CR;;;; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Introduction: Several studies have described risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) but few data exist on prognostic indicators associated with adverse outcome in less severe cases. To compare the clinical presentation, outcome and prognostic factors for s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3120)
Jones R, Sawleshwarkar S, Michailidis C, Stebbing J, Nelson M, Bower M, Mandalia S, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Methods: The Chelsea and Westminster HIV cohort was used to identify all patients with first episodes of ADOI. This included presumptive and definitive diagnosis but excluded HIV related malignancies. In patients with ADOI, CD4/TLC counts were defined as those recorded three months prior to diagnosis or at the time of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3121)
Bussfeld D, Petri E, Duttmann H, Krupka U, Graziani M, Guertler L, Korn K, Suni J, Thorstensson R;;;; DADE BEHRING Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany
Enzygnost™ HIV Integral II is a new enzyme immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of HIV p24 Ag and Ab to HIV-1 group M, HIV-2 and HIV-1 subtype O in human plasma and serum to further shorten the diagnostic window. Materials and Methods: The sensitivity of HIV Integral II was assessed by commercial
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3123)
Berghuis I, Jacobs M, Oosterlaken T, van de Wiel P, Cuypers H;;;; BioMerieux bv, Boxtel, Netherlands
NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 is a diagnostic test used for the measurement of HIV-1 viral load in clinical specimens. It is based on NASBA amplification and real time detection using molecular beacon probes. In this study we evaluated the performance of this assay in combination with a new semi-automated system fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3124)
Ly TD, Laperche S, Drouin A, Faucher V, Ebel A;;;; L C L, Ivry sur Seine, France
Objectives: Seven HIV combined antigen-antibody assays (AxSYM HIV Combo, Cobas HIV Combi, Enzygnost HIV Integral, Genscreen Ag/Ab Plus, Murex Ag/Ab Combo, VIDAS HIV DUO and Vironostika HIV Ag/Ab) were compared to two 3rd generation (Genscreen HIV v2 and Ortho HIV Capture). Methods: The sensitivity was evaluated with se
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3125)
Araujo LV, Diaz RS, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A, Oliveira SM, Dantas MC, Lima JN, Vilela W, Ferreira JE, Sabino EC, Grangeiro A;;;; IME - USP, Sao PAulo, Brazil
In 2002 the Brazilian STD/AIDS Programme implemented a national laboratory network to perform genotype testing in for patients followed in the public system (RENAGENO). A total of 4000 HIV-1 pol sequences are expected to be generated annually. Because of the large number of sequences, it is important to automate
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3126)
Brindeiro RM, Diaz RS, Sabino EC, Araujo LV, Levy JE, Tanuri A, Oliveira SM, Dantas MC, Lima JN, Grangeiro A;;;; UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The Brazilian AIDS Program established a laboratory network for HIV-1 resistance genotyping testing in July 2002. Until October 2003, this network consisted of 14 laboratories countrywide performed over 3900 tests. The RENAGENO has enabled the monitoring of antiretroviral resistance related mutations, and served
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3127)
Burstein GR, Newman DR, Lalota M, Falvo A, Gardner A, Lachance N, Dowling T, Morris PC, Branson BM;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Positive OraQuick HIV-1 antibody test results must be confirmed by supplemental testing. A positive OraQuick result with negative confirmatory tests can represent either a 1) false positive result or 2) true positive result detected early in seroconversion. Methods: In 13 U. S. states participating in post-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3128)
Dohoun HL, Abo Y, Huet C, Minga KA, Darret SB, Siransy-Bogui L, Coulibaly A, Gourvellec G, Bonard D, Dabis F, Salamon R;;;; PAC-CI PROGRAM, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
To determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and cervical smear abnormalities among African HIV-1 infected women. Methods: We reviewed data of women from the ANRS 1220 PRIMO-CI cohort which is consisted of seroconverters recruited among blood donors in Abidjan ( Cote d
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3129)
Kalish ML, Fonjungo PN, Alemnji GA, Schaefer A, Youngpairoj A, Butera S, Pieniazek D, Nkengasong J, Rayfield M, Mpoudi-Ngolle E, Folks TM;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
New serologic and nucleic acid assays for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections are being proposed for use in African countries. However, the availability of reagents to evaluate these assays with human plasma from a broad range of divergent HIV-1 subtypes and recombinant virus
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3130)
Samayoa-Herrera B, Blanco BM, Del Cid C, Paz L, Fuentes Z, Arathoon E;;;; Escuela de Quimica Biologica, Guatemala City, Guatemala
Antecedent: The early serologic testing in the pregnant women can prevent the vertical transmission of the HIV, Hepatitis B and syphilis infection. To validate the rapid tests for diagnosis of HIV, Hepatatitis B and syphilis in a prenatal care services of the General Hospital San Juan de Dios in
HIV-positive men with a history of anal-receptive intercourse are at high risk for anal dysplasia and anal cancer. The objective of this study is to determine whether HPV genotype and E6 transcripts are correlated with anal pathology in HIV-positive men with a history of anal-receptive intercourse.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3132)
Lima DB, Gomes VR, Coelho VO, Boia MN, Teitelroit LS, Santos DV;;;; State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Rodolpho de Souza 105 Vila Isabel, Brazil
To revise the cases of AIDS and cancer that have been followed since 1985 to 2003 in our Institution doing correlation between histological groups with antiretroviral therapy (ARV), CD4 count and survival time. Methods: The charts of adults AIDS patients of both sexes with confirmed HIV positive serology ha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3133)
Borges SB, Sincero TC, Dutra LC;;;; Santa Catarina Public Health Central Laboratory, Florianopolis, Brazil
Santa Catarina is a brazilian state with one of the highest prevalence of HIV-1 among pregnant women in the country. Free access to ARV, since early 90s, and HAART, since 1997, have facilitated therapeutic intervention. We analyzed the therapeutic approaches and the response to ARV in children under treatme
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3134)
Grant I, Gelman BB, Morgello S, Singer EJ;;;; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, United States
The NNTC consists of four cooperating NIMH/NINDS Centers whose primary goal is to facilitate neuroAIDS research through provision of neurologic tissues acquired from persons with AIDS who were well characterized neuromedicallly prior to death. The NNTC Centers, located at New York s Mount Sinai School of Medicine, the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3135)
Napravnik S, Hooshyar D, van der Horst C, Quinlivan E, Menezes P, Greer J, Eron J Jr;;;; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
Discordant immunologic (IR) and virologic responses (VR) to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are poorly understood. In these analyses we considered immunologic non-response (INR) among patients with VR. Methods: All UNC CFAR Database antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients initiating HAART w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3136)
Teav S, Lynen L, Vereecken C, Srey C, De Munter P, Hines JG, Kestens L;;;; Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
CyFlow SLGreen 2P is an affordable alternative method for absolute CD4 counting. Unfortunately a 2 parameter (FL & SSC) CyFlow does not provide CD4 percentage (CD4%), the preferred measure in pediatric PLWHA. Conventional reference methods determine CD4% using 3 or 4 different monoclonal antibodies. In
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3137)
Gonzalez E, Solari L, Best I, Bustamante B, Chauca J, Ganoza C, Guerra H, Iglesias D, Neyra E, Rojas G, Verdonck K, Gotuzzo E;;;; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt/Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
In health-facilities of low-income countries, where neither bronchoscopy nor induced sputum complying with biosafety recommendations are widely available, spontaneous sputum samples are the main approach for the microbiological diagnosis of pulmonary diseases among HIV/AIDS patients. We assess in such setti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3138)
Dax EM, Dimech W, Walker S, Karakaltsas M, Smeh K;;;; National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia, Fitzroy, Australia
The National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia (NRL) has quality controlled anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing since 1994. In January 2002, the NRL implemented EDCNet, an internet-based quality control (QC) program (https://www.nrlqa.net). Results of QC samples entered into the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3139)
Jardine DK, Land S, Best S, Dax EM;;;; National Serology Reference Laboratory, Fitzroy, Australia
Nucleic acid amplification and detection methods are useful for the diagnosis and management of HIV-1 infection. Whilst these methods are highly specific and sensitive, they are subject to technical false positives and negatives if not performed with the utmost of care. To monitor the quality of nucleic aci
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3140)
Lee E, Katzenstein DA, Tanimoto L, Johnston E, Mateta P, Zijenah LS, Ziermann R, Maldonado Y;;;; Stanford University, Stanford, United States
HIV-1 in breast milk (BM) is a significant risk factor for HIV mother to child transmission, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where breast-feeding is the norm. Qualitative and quantititative measures of BM shedding may be obtained from lactoserum by nucleic acid amplification techniques. We compared Bayer
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3141)
Rusine J, Umurungi S, Makombe N, Tekirya E, Tuyizere S, Sergi C, Nyirakanyana A, Arendt V, Rusanganwa E, Servais J;;;; National Reference Laboratory and RWA/021 project, Lux Development, Kigali, Rwanda
Early diagnostic of HIV-1 infection is crucial in infants born to infected mothers. Simple and rapid assays are needed. We have compared an in-house HIV-1 DNA nested-PCR and the Amplicor HIV-1 DNA prototype assay version 1.5 (Roche Molecular Systems). Methods: A total of 53 samples were drawn from infants i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3142)
Ningsanon P, Lertpiriyasuwat C, Thanprasertsuk S, Smitakestrin S, Yachompoo C, Luddaglom J, Fakthongkhamm K;;;; Department of Disease Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand
It was estimated that more than 1 million Thais had been infected with HIV. The increasing number of PLHA have created and enormous burden on the health care system in Northern Thailand . Providing ARV is choice for diminishing problem. Method: From January 2002 - September 2003. Prospective Observation was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3143)
Sreepian A, Luangaram K, Kanoksinsombat C, Sutthent R;;;; NHRBC, Microbiology Department, Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Introduction HIV-1 viral load is an important tool for monitoring of HIV-1 infection. In order to widely used in poor resource countries, we have developed the methods that simple and inexpensive for quantification HIV-1 RNA level. Methods HIV-1 RNA from plasma samples were co-extracted with BMV RNA for internal contro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3144)
Prado JG, Shintani A, Izquierdo N, Bofill M, Clotet B, Ruiz L, Martinez-Picado J;;;; IrsiCaixa Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
Structured treatment interruptions (STIs) have been proposed as a potential treatment strategy during HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy. This intervention requires a close monitoring of patients plasma viremia and CD4+T cell counts during the STIs. We evaluate boosted signal amplification of heat-dissociated p24
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3145)
Burke M, Vardinon N, Harris B, Sela Y, Skibin A, Werner B, Zeldis I, Ben-Izhak R, Zakuth V, Yust I, Hackett J Jr;;;; Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Introduction: Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is important for prognosis and monitoring of infected individuals. In recent years, the global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes has changed. In Israel , non-B subtypes are appearing due to immigrants and workers from Africa and the former USSR. T
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3146)
Coetzee D, Boulle A, Hilderbrand K, Goemaere E;;;; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
In Khayelitsha a standard approach to a detectable viral load on ART, ensures that the patient brings the treatment assistant to the next consultation, and begins a cycle of weekly, then two-weekly adherence visits. Adherence is promoted and support provided. At the end of this12-week period, the viral load
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3147)
Wurie IM, Parry J, Hodges M, Smart J, Rutter P, Wurie AT;;;; Portsmouth University, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
Screening Programmes for Sexually Transmitted Infections including HIV in developing countries are faced with constraints such as limited financial, manpower and infrastructural resources. This situation therefore relies heavily on donor nations to facilitate the implementation of such programmes. However,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3148)
Watera C, Todd J, Brink A, Whitworth J, Miiro G, Mutonyi G, Muwonge R, Nakiyingi J, Grosskurth H;;;; London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, United Kingdom
Opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis remains important care for symptomatic HIV positive adults because of limited access to ARVs in Uganda . This is usually continued in patients on ARVs with advanced disease until there is immunological improvement. For long term cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, monitoring
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3149)
Melo J, Nilsson C, Mondlane J, Perreira C, Kaihura V, Bique Osman N, Folgosa E, Biberfeld G, Andersson S;;;; Dept of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
Mozambique had to mid-1990s low HIV prevalence rates but more recent data indicate an increasing HIV-1 trend. There is little information on HIV-2. Most women lack access to antiviral therapy. Objectives: To establish a HIV diagnostic strategy appropriate for field use and to obtain baseline data on HIV-1 a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3150)
Dettrairat S, Kunachiwa W, Leechanachai P, Leusaree T, Kohreanudom S;;;; Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
GPO-vir ( 3TC / d4T / NVP ), the combined 3 ARV drugs produced by Thai Government Pharmaceutical Organization, has been initially and widely used as standard ARV drugs for treatment of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3151)
Oliveira CA, Yamashiro R, Rodrigues R, Ueda M, Moraes HP, Adolfo IA, Sheppard HW, Brigido LF; Adolfo Lutz Institute-Sao Paulo State Secretariat of Health, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The Serologic Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) has been validated to distinguish recent from longstanding HIV infections in a single serum sample. We evaluated the correlation between STARHS results and HIV-1 Western Blot (WB) banding patterns in sera from two different HIV-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3152)
Fleury HJ, Merel P, Pellegrin I, Recordon-Pinson P, Hung PV, Uyen NT, Lan NT;;;; Virology department, University of Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
Recent studies have shown that CRF01-AE (AE) is highly predominant in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam . We have initiated the quantification of AE viral load with a real time PCR (rt-PCR) which had been previously designed on B subtype isolates by amplifying the LTR region. It was rapidly obvious that, as
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3153)
Mutura C, Odawo L, Tukei P, Odoyo J, Marum L, Marum E, DeCock K, Chege J, Mburu M, Galgalo T, Baya I, Ngare C;;;; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
KDHS+ 2003 included unlinked anonymous HIV testing. Mobile Voluntary Counseling and Testing (MVCT) sites were therefore established to provide counseling and testing to persons who wanted to learn their HIV results. Dried Blood Spots (DBS) were collected for quality control and assurance from every tenth MV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3154)
Ruxrungtham K, Siangphoe U, Ungsedhapand C, Cooper D, Lange J, Phanuphak P;;;; HIVNAT, TRC and Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
In setting where CD4+ lymphocyte count is inaccessible, the recent WHO guidelines indicate that TLC may be used at the cut-off of 1200 cell/mm3 to commence HAART. This study is to see if this TLC cut-off is appropriate in Thai patients before and after antiretroviral therapy. Methods: From the HIVNAT clinic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3155)
Simon F, Tuaillon E, Gueudin M, Lemee V, Gueit I, Roques P, Corrigan GE, Plantier JC, Braun J;;;; CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
Objectives: To evaluate a phenotype assay based on plasma reverse transcriptase (RT) to analyse HIV susceptibility to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI). To compare RT-based phenotype with recombinant virus assay (RVA) phenotype and genotype-based analysis. To assess group O and HIV-2 susceptibility to NNRTI in corre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3156)
Mutura C, Odawo L, Tukei P, Marum L, Marum P, DeCock K, Mburu M, Muttunga J, Chege J, Langat R, Gichimu C, Otieno F;;;; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
Standardization of protocols for large-scale surveys has not been reported in detail. The 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey Plus (KDHS+2003) included an HIV testing component using Dried Blood Spots (DBS) collected from 400 enumeration clusters previously identified by the Central Bureau of Statistics. D
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3157)
Sill AM, Cleghorn FR, Jack N, Bartholomew C, Blattner WA, Constantine NT;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, United States
Recent advances in the refinement of S/LS HIV-1 antibody assays that discriminate recent from chronic infection have provided epidemiologists with a valuable tool for estimating HIV incidence. However, the use of S/LS assays is limited globally because they have been calibrated only for HIV subtypes B and E, an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3158)
Dettrairat S, Ontakrai J, Vongchan P, Kunachiwa W;;;; Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
ARV therapy is now becoming increasingly available in Thailand . There is, thus, an urgent need for inexpensive monitoring tests. An ultra-sensitive HIV-1 p24 antigen assay appears to be a very promising alternative for RNA tests. In this study, we reported the results of HIV-1 subtype E p24 specific monocl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3159)
Leisch LJ; Emory University, RZHRG, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Rapid HIV testing allows clients to receive same-day results and counseling. Most VCT centers use a two-rapid test algorithm, with a third test in cases of indeterminate or discrepant results. The effect of HIV subtype on rapid test results has not been examined in large volume VCT centers. We used Abbott D
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3160)
Kariuki MW, Njagi E, Thottingal P, Ferguson A, Ngugi E;;;; University of Nairobi, Department of Community Health, Nairobi, Kenya
The vaginal discharge algorithm has been used in Kenya for the treatment of STI. It has been found to be cheap, easy to use by healthcare providers even at the lowest level of healthcare facilities where it is widely available. For the flow chart to have an impact on reducing the prevalence of STI which cau
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3161)
Jaffar S, Schim van der Loeff M, Eugen-Olsen J, Aaby P, Whittle H;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Identifying affordable markers of HIV disease progression appropriate for resource poor settings will be vital importance for monitoring patients prior to and after antiretroviral therapy. We investigated the prognostic value of beta 2-microglobin, neopterin and suPAR, together with CD4 count and plasma vir
The HIV status of babies born to HIV infected mothers is usually determined by the detection of HIV IgG antibodies at 18 months of age, after transplacental maternal antibodies have disapeared. However, diagnosis can be made earlier by detection of HIV DNA in mononuclear cells. Commercial kits for HIV DNA P
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3163)
Basso CR, Caraciolo JM, Lima LO, Souza TR, Santos CE, Bueno SM;;;; CRT-DST/AIDS - SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The introduction of the antiretroviral therapy of high activity in 1996 had as important impact, among others, the reduction of morbi - mortality and consequently the reduction in the number of admissions. In the State of Sao Paulo the number of admissions had fall in 40% in the year of 2001 when compared w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3164)
Brites CR, Angelo AL, Dias C, Torres AJ, Ramos AM, Lima M, Martins-Netto E;;;; Retrovirus Laboratory, Professor Edgard Santos Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
CD4 count is the major surrogate marker for defining the best time to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) in AIDS patients, as well as for defining the duration of prophylaxis against opportunistic agents (OI). Its high cost, however, limits the use of this technique in resource-limited settings. Absolute ly
We have shown that, despite overall well concordant results between genotypic analysis (Stanford algorithm) and phenotypic testing using our sensitive replicative format PhenoTect, a significant fraction of analyses were discordant for PI or NRTI. Patients changing therapy after resistance testing, in particular when o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3166)
Harvey K;;;; Institution, Kingston, Jamaica
Approximately 1.5-2 percent of pregnant women in Jamaica are believed to be HIV-positive. The Jamaican Ministry of Health (MOH) initiated a programme to prevent mother to child transmission (PMTCT). The Anecdotal evidence suggests that many of the babies born to HIV-infected women in the programme were not
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3167)
Gorrin G, Lin C, Wagner C, Toda T, Wong C, Nicol S, Bhade S;;;; Bayer Diagnostics - NAD, Berkeley, United States
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) viral load measurement is critical for monitoring disease progression and response to anti-retroviral therapy. The authors have developed a highly sensitive automated kinetic amplification assay that quantifies HIV-1 RNA in human plasma from all group M and O subtypes.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3168)
Martin del Campo L, Villasis-Keever A, Viveros-Rogel M, Polanco-Galindo K, Soto-Ramirez LE;;;; Departamento de Infectologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico D.F., Mexico
Virus load determination is basic for the management of HIV patients, but depends on expensive assays of a low throughput. Heat dissociated p24 antigen with signal amplification seems to be an alternative method for antiretroviral treatment monitoring. The aim of this study was to compare this method with t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3169)
Drechsler HJ, Gerber MT, Laffey EA, Sarlone C, Amyot KC, Aberg JA;;;; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, United States
Screening for G6PD deficiency has traditionally focused on males, as G6PD is an X-linked trait. Published reports of G6PD deficiency prevalence range from 5.7% to 13.7% of black males. The prevalence rates in females and non-black populations have not been described in the US. The rationale to screen for G6
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3170)
Constantine NT, Barletta J, Edelman DE;;;; University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, United States
Presently, the assay that possesses maximal sensitivity for HIV-1 viral copy number (50 copies/mL) is RNA testing by RT-PCR. The quantification of HIV-1 p24 Ag by ELISA has been used, but is less sensitive. Our objectives were: 1) to verify that IPCR for p24 Ag, a combination of ELISA and PCR, will detect e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3171)
Shao XW, Malmsten A, Sjodahl S, Kallander CF, Gronowitz JS;;;; Department of Medical Genetics, Uppsala, Sweden
During 2003 a technology for extraction and quantitation of RT from HIV present in human plasma was published and made available as a kit (Exavir Load). The RT activities found correlated to the HIV genome amount present and the lower level for RT detect was found to correspond to 3-8000 genomes depending o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3172)
Servais J, Rusanganwa E, Tuyizere S, Makombe N, Nyirabatitonda G, Sergi C, Nyirakanyana A, Courteille O, Arendt V, Rusine J;;;; National Reference Laboratory and RWA/021 project, Lux Development, Kigali, Rwanda
Since the access of low cost antitrovirals in developing countries, there is a need for cheaper, simple and reliable methods for CD4 counting in those settings. We have compared two flow cytometry methods (single platform) available in Rwanda : FACSCount (Becton DickinsonTM, indirect volumetric bead-based c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3173)
Nene N, Ramduth D, Ntumba N, Chetty P, Honeyborne I, Walker BD, Kiepiela P, Goulder PJ;;;; HPP, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
Early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants is highly problematic in regions of the world where HIV incidence is high, for reasons that include the transplacental passage of maternal antibody and the cost and inaccessibility of viral load testing. To examine the utility of more readily available tests, the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3174)
Garbati MA;;;; University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in resource-poor countries could often be difficult. Previous studies from some developing nations have documented the usefulness of the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), assessed by the Mantoux technique, in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This observation has in the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3175)
Bremer J, Brambilla D, Granger S, Huang D;;;; Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
Most HIV-1 drug resistance testing is performed by population gene sequencing. Two kits, ViroSeq™ (VS/Celera) and TRUGENE™ (TG/Bayer) are FDA approved. However, no established method or program exists to evaluate labs performing these assays. Method: Panels containing diluted plasma from HIV-infec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3176)
Pattanapanyasat K, Noulsri E, Lerdwana S, Pobkeeree V, Suksripanich O, Chaowanachan T, Wasinrapee P, Sakulploy N, Thanprasertsuk S, Spira T, Tappero J, Levine W;;;; Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
The standard flow cytometry method for determining CD4 count is a dual-platform technique that needs both a flow cytometer (FCM) and hematologic analyzer for % lymphocytes and total white blood count, resulting in two sources of variation. Single-platform (SP) FCMs that determine CD4 counts directly have re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3177)
Donegan E, Kosasih AS, Hasmar I, Moncada J;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
There is little data on the relationship between absolute lymphocyte counts and absolute CD4 counts in HIV infected Indonesians. This information would be useful in developing national guidelines for anti-retroviral treatment (ART) in HIV positive individuals. Methods: Between January 2002 - September 2003,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3178)
Donegan E, Kumalawati J, Sukartini N, Pisani E, Girault P, Gindi R, Packel L, Moncada J;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
Rapid laboratory tests for HIV and syphilis are needed in resource limited settings. The performance profiles of the Determine™ HIV-1/2 and Syphilis TP rapid tests on plasma specimens have not been evaluated in Indonesia . Methods: Between May - August 2002, we collected 524 serum/plasma from Indonesia
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3179)
Pattanapanyasat K, Lerdwana S, Noulsri E, Thanprasertsuk S, Pobkeeree V, Tappero J, Levine W;;;; Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Although more than 60 flow cytometer (FCM) machines have been performing CD4 counts in Thailand for clinical monitoring of persons with HIV/AIDS, there has been no external quality assurance (EQA) program. Immunophenotyping using lysed whole blood staining and analysis by FCM is the standard CD4 count metho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3180)
Collins JA, Villena J, Gutierrez L, Salazar R;;;; HIV/AIDS Unit. G. Almenara Hospital, Lima, Peru
There is little information about survival on HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients in developing countries and especially about the effect of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in this cases. Objectives: To determine survival of HIV-infected TB patients and the effect of ARV therapy on survival of these patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3181)
Kizito Joseph BK, Nabiryo C, Coutinho GA;;;; TASO, Kampala, Uganda
Globally 33.3per mille of PLWHA have Tuberculosis (TB) and up to 50per mille of PLWHA develop TB (WHO/TB Bulletin 2002). The Aids Support Organisation (TASO) is seeing an increasing number of TB cases at all its seven centers. A TB management program which includes screening, treatment and follow up of clients,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3182)
Togun TO, Sabally S, McConkey S, Adegbola R, Corrah T;;;; Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Gambia
Cryptococcus neoformans(C. neoformans) is recognised as a major cause of chronic meningitis in AIDS patients in sub-Sahara Africa,which has the largest burden of HIV/AIDS. However,despite this recognition,little is known about this opportunistic pathogen in the West African region. Methods: Retrospective re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3183)
Troncoso AR, Franco J, Gulotta HC, Stefani C, Garberi J;;;; Infectious Diseases Francisco Muniz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Diagnostic test based on amplification and detection of nucleic acids of MTB directly in clinical samples, would yield results in much shorter time than the conventional techniques, allowing sooner treatments of the MTB-caused life-threatening encephalitis. We report preliminary results using a DNA-amplific
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3184)
Jean-Baptiste R, Nzeyimana B;;;; University Research Co. LLC, Bethesda, MD, United States
Driven by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, pulmonary tuberculosis continues to ravage lives, as nearly 600,000 people die every year in Africa alone due to this disease. While treatment guidelines for active TB call for initial hospitalization of patients, it is not known whether or not patients hospitalized for TB a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3185)
Caiaffa WT, Domingos MP, Colossimo EC;;;; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Despite efforts on prevention and treatment, TB incidence and mortality rates are still high. This study aims to identify predictors of mortality of TB in a large population database in Brazil . Methods: A non concurrent prospective study was designed using the TB surveillance database (SINAN-TB) in Recife
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3186)
Haumba SM, Waibale P, Douglas D;;;; AIDS/HIV Integrated model district Programme, Kampala, Uganda
HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) are major epidemics in Sub Saharan Africa, each fueling the other. Uganda s progress against the HIV epidemic has not been matched with respect to TB, whose indicators fall well below the country s WHO targets. Directly Observed Treatment-Short course (DOTS) aims to prevent infect
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3187)
Kivihya-Ndugga L, van Cleeff M, Nyamwaya J, Miheso B, Ndalo B, Nganga L, Klatser P, Odhiambo J;;;; Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
Introduction: There is increasing advocacy for promoting access to HIV testing for TB patients. Eligible TB suspects visiting the Rhodes Chest Clinic were invited for HIV counseling and testing as part of the diagnostic process. We report here the low acceptance of HIV testing among TB suspects and discuss the differen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3188)
Thai S, Lynen L, Kimura K, Hines JG, Moung S, Seng N, Schrooten W;;;; Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE (SHCH) is a private NGO Hospital in Phnom Penh. Cambodia is among the 23 countries in the world with a high burden of TB and TB/HIV co-infection. A National TB Program (NTP) with DOTS strategy concentrates on free diagnosis and treatment of smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB+). The
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3189)
Benetucci J, Biscione F, Cecchini D, Ambrosioni CJ, Cangelosi D, Corti M, Couto E, Fumagalli J, Gulotta H, Marino R, Metta H, Negroni R, Orduna T;;;; Hospital de Infecciosas F. J. Muniz - FUNDAI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
To determine NO epidemiological, microbiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics in HIV+ patients. Methods: Between 1995 and 2003 there were 17.500 discharges, out of which 28 (0,16%) were by NO. 82% were men, 83% IDUs, average age 30 years old (range 24-40). 14% did not know about their HIV infec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3190)
Veerapand P, Chotimanvijit R, Laohasrisakul N, Muennooch W;;;; Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand
To analyse the causes of abdominal lymphadenopathy in AIDS patients and evaluate performance success rate,diagnostic yielding rate and safety of ultrasound(US)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA). Methods: Medical records of HIV seropositive with abdominal lymphadenopathy who underwent percutaneous US-guide
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3191)
Moreno JD, Abuin JC, Ambrojio A, Milos M, Gomez N;;;; Hospital of Infectious Diseases 'F. J. Muniz', Buenos Aires, Argentina
Introduction: Chagas disease is an endemic zoonosis in Latin America caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Its reactivation is possible in patients whose immune system is seriously compromised, and consequently can be disseminated into the Central Nervous System. Clinical case: A 42-year-old man, born in Argentina
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3192)
Halappanavar JM, Patil CS;;;; J N Medical College, Belgaum, India
In developing countries like India , where HIV infection is becoming prevalent & Tuberculosis has long been endemic, the incidence of Tuberculosis, which is already high, will also rise steeply. Here an attempt is made to study the sero-prevalance of HIV infection in Pulmonary Tuberculosis in this part
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3193)
Troncoso AR, Fumagalli J, Bava J, Gulotta H;;;; Infectious Diseases Francisco Muniz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Cryptococcal invasion of the CNS may produce symptoms and signs characteristic of meningitis, meningoencephalitis or as a single or multiple space-occupying lesion named generally as cryptococcoma. Methods: We communicate a case of cryptococcoma in a heterosexual male with AIDS who was brought in by her fam
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3194)
Vergas J, Gestoso I, Agreda MC;;;; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Diagnosis of HIV among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (TBC) infectived patients. Methods: We have studied 49 cases of TBC infection patients confirmed by Microbiology labotatory in samples of sputum, urine, ganglion biopsi, pleural and intestinal liquid (ziehl or culture) for six months. They were diagn
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3195)
Iovine NM, Handel JH, Greene JB;;;; New York University, New York, United States
Successful treatment of osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus species usually requires surgical debridement and amphotericin followed by itraconazole. However, this regimen has significant toxicity and is not well tolerated. A less toxic regimen with easier administration is desirable. A 36 year old
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3196)
Kak S, Tan V, Eang C, Chheng P, Seng S, Kem A, Mao TE, Kimerling ME, Natpratan C;;;; Operational District/hospital, Battambang, Cambodia
BTB province faces dual TB and HIV/AIDS epidemics. Surveillance data show that TB-HIV co-infection in the province increased from 11.7% to 21% (1999 to 2002) among TB cases, whereas the national figure was 8.4% in 2002. No linkage between TB and HIV control efforts has existed, particularly at operational level.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3197)
Benetucci J, Cecchini D, Ambrosioni J, Gomez A, Castellaro P, Chidid C, Biscione F, Orduna T, Yampolsky C, Negroni R;;;; Hospital F.J.Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
To describe systemic nocardiosis affecting the CNS in a patients with HIV infection. Method: A 33-year-old man with supurative lesion in left gluteus and two-month history of asthenia, anorexia and malaise. Results: A lesion sample revealed acid fast filamentous branching rods on Kinyoun stain, sugestive of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3198)
van Oosterhout JJ, Laufer MK, Perez MA, Tumba F, Chimbiya N, Chimpeni P, Graham SM, Wilson LK, Chagomerama M, Molyneux ME, Zijlstra EE, Taylor TE, Plowe CV;;;; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
The reported incidence of PcP in African adult populations varies greatly. Higher rates have been reported in some recent studies composed of more highly selected populations. Methods: We conducted a prospective, community-based cohort study of HIV-infected Malawian persons from September 2002 to December 2
Cambodia ranks among the world s 22 countries with the highest burden of Tuberculosis (TB) and with an estimated 64% of Cambodians infected with TB; it also has the most serious HIV/AIDS epidemic in the region. In 2001, the incidence rate was 261/100,000 (smear-positive pulmonary TB), the highest rate in the wo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3200)
Nelson LJ, Talbot EA, Dennis AM, Guillebaud CS, Masunge J, Jibril H, Dimiti AI, Kurup S, Kilmarx PH, Samandari T, Wells CD;;;; Division of TB Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, United States
Botswana has one of the highest rates of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in the world, although the burden of TB and other respiratory diseases among children is unknown. Methods: Hospitalized children /= 2 weeks or failure to thrive (FTT) >/=3 months were evaluated for TB at 2 referral centers
patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) who receive antiretroviral therapy may develop immune recovery uveitis and sustained increases in their CD4+T lymphocyte counts may develop a severe chronic eye inflammation called immune recovery uveitis (IRU). This uveitis, sometime bilateral, can be a sight-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3202)
Mhlongo N, Martinson N, Violari A, Newell K, Chaisson RE, McIntyre J, Gray G;;;; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
In people living with HIV, HAART has a beneficial effect on incident TB and TB mortality. This study reports the incidence of TB in patients on HAART in Soweto where HIV seroprevalence and TB incidence is high and where almost half of HIV-infected adults have a positive tuberculin skin test. Methods: A retr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3203)
Mingrone HO, Porteiro NB, Loiza EE;;;; Hospital Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
In our hospital, tuberculosis (TB) is the first opportunistic infection in 85% of the cases. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical cure, virological outcome and toxicity rate of HIV/TB co-infected patients on concomitant treatment. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 83 HIV/TB co-infected patients
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3204)
Portu J, Aldamiz-Etxeberria M, Aizpuru F, Gomez M, Apraiz L, Tarabini P, Izagirre M, Fernandez M;;;; Hospital Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) treatment in HIV+ and PPD+ patients has been proved to be effective, while its effectiveness in PPD- patients is questioned. Our objetive is to determine the effect of latent tuberculous infection treatment regarding PPD results in a cohort of HIV+ patientes in an LTBI pr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3205)
Hausler H, Sinanovic E, Kumaranayake L, Naidoo P, Schoeman H, Karpakis B, Godfrey-Faussett P;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
The study presents the economic analysis of the TB/HIV ProTEST initiative in Central District. Activities included voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and provision of prophylaxis for opportunistic illnesses. A plan to roll out these activities in conjunction with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was approve
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3206)
Nguyen HD, Maynart M, Nguyen TP, Nguyen TP, Nguyen HL, Truong Thi XL, Hoang TQ, Lher P;;;; Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
The objective of the ANRS 1260 study is to define the etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized HIV-positive patients in four developing tropical countries: Senegal , Central African Republic , Viet Nam and Cambodia , in order to develop case mana
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3207)
Lanjewar DN, Rao RJ, Kulkarni SB, Hira SK;;;; Grant Medical College & Sir J. J. Hospital, Mumbai, India
Although India has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS the associated pathologies responsible for morbidity have not been evaluated previously. To assess the spectrum of hepatic disorders in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, pathological material in 171 patients (155 autopsies and 16 biopsies) is reviewed.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3208)
Begher S, Schijman A, Burgos J, Zala C, Patterson P, Levin M, Altcheh J, Teijeiro R, Lopez Alcoba H, Levalle J;;;; Htal Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Introduction: Chagas disease is a chronic parasitic disease endemic in the Latin American region. In individuals with advanced HIV disease, a number of reports have suggested that Chagas behaves as an opportunistic infection presenting with a clinical and radiologic pattern indistiguishable from CNS toxoplasmosis. In t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3209)
Dhobha T, Makanza ED, Mtero-Munyati S, Magwenzi J, Wellington M, Mungofa S, Gwanzura L, Butterworth A, Robertson V, Mason P, Corbett EL;;;; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
Pre-HIV studies reported tuberculosis (TB) as one of the commonest causes of cough of three weeks or more (chronic cough) among patients attending primary health care clinics in Africa. We investigated the impact of HIV on the burden and case mix of chronic cough in Harare. Methods: 550 adult patients with
Antimicrobial prophylaxis and the introduction of potent anti-HIV therapy has dramatically decreased the occurrence of opportunistic infections and mortality in HIV+ population. Methods: To assess the trend of lung infections in HIV patients, before and after the introduction of HAART, we conducted a retros
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3211)
Romo-Garcia J, Del Rio-Chiriboga C, Blumberg H, Leonard M;;;; CENSIDA, Mexico City, Mexico
The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of extrapulmonary TB (XPTB) among HIV positive and HIV seronegative patients as well as to understand the impact that HIV co-infection has on the mortality from XPTB. Methods: A retrospective case control study of extrapulmon
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3212)
Mekmullica J, Pancharoen C, Arunyingmongkol K, Kawkitinarong K, Udomsantisuk N, Hanvanich M;;;; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, bangkok, Thailand
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is one of the most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients. Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (DR-TB) tends to increase in this group of population. It is difficult to manage patients with DR-TB especially when concomitant with HIV infection. Objectives: To co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3213)
Churchyard GJ, Charalambous S, Smit J, Sefuthi C, Calver A, Pemba L, Corbett EL, Fielding K, Chaisson R, Abdool Karim S, Grant AD;;;; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research In South Africa, Durban, South Africa
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important HIV-related disease in developing countries. The relationship of clinical manifestations to disease stage in untreated patients is well known, but the clinical presentation once on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is poorly understood. We describe the clinical spectrum of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3214)
Arathoon E, Ortega F, Vela CG, Soto I, Vargas R, Paz L, Muralles D, Rivera BE, Samayoa B;;;; Clinica Familiar 'Luis Angel Garcia', Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala, Guatemala
Disseminated mycoses are among the main opportunistic infections that affect PLWA, especially in those populations in which there is no universal access to antiretroviral therapy. Histoplasma capsulatum is an endemic fungus in certain areas of Guatemala . To describe the epidemiological and labor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3215)
Bessarab TP, Potekayev SN;;;; Moscow City AIDS Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
Candida spp. infection is one of the most common secondary infections in HIV-infected patients. It often requires attentive medical care. Purpose: To estimate the incidence of candidiasis (C) of nasal cavity (NC) and of paranasal sinuses (PS) in HIV-infected individuals. Materials and methods: Examination o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3216)
Alvarez M, Miro JM, Moreno A, Valls ME, Rivas P, Benito N, Domingo P, Ribera E, Cordero ME, Sirera G, Riera M, Vidal F, Sala M, Arrizabalaga J, Arribas JR, Garcia F, Jimenez de Anta MT, Gatell JM, Wilson P, Meshnick S; Hosp. Clinic - IDIBAPS. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
There are no data on the prevalence of P. jiroveci DHPS mutations in Spanish HIV-1 infected patients with P. jiroveci Pneumonia ( PCP ). Methods: Prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study that enrolled consecutive HIV-1 infected patients with PCP from 10 Spanish hospitals during 2001-2003. Diagnosis of P
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3217)
Yanai H, Uthaivoravit W, Summanapan S, Yamada N, Rienthong D, Nampaisan O, Nateniyom S, Yoshiyama T;;;; TB/HIV Research Project, RIT-JATA, Chiang Rai, Thailand
The active population-based surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV together with step-wide introduction of DOTS have been in place in Chiang Rai, the northernmost province of Thailand with a high burden of HIV epidemic, since 1996. Nosocomial TB control measures were also implemented in 1996, which was f
HIV incidence in Russia has grown as much as 200 times during the recent 7 years. Tuberculosis (TB) is a main HIV-related disease among patients with late stages of HIV-infection. Goal: Development the programme of TB care among HIV patients. Method: retrospective and prospective analysis of ep
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3219)
Rustomjee R, Levin JB, Onyebujoh PC, Sangweni P, Gray CM;;;; Medical Research Council South Africa, Durban, South Africa
The effect of tuberculosis treatment on the progression of HIV-associated immune-deficiency is not clear. Although tuberculosis has been shown to enhance HIV replication in-vivo and clinically patients with active TB have an increase in HIV viral load compared with HIV-infected patients without TB, the effe
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3220)
Rustomjee R, Levin JB, Onyebujoh PC, Sangweni P, Gray CM;;;; Medical Research Council South Africa, Durban, South Africa
Few studies are available on the impact of HIV-related immuno-suppression on mortality and TB treatment outcomes among out patients with HIV-associated TB in Africa. Methods: One hundred and twenty nine newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients were enrolled into an 18-month cohort study. All patients received
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3222)
Joshi PL, Chauhan LS, Roy DS, Sahu S;;;; National AIDS Control Organization, Government of India, New Delhi, India
India has the highest number of TB cases and the second-highest number of HIV cases in the world. Nearly 1.84 million persons estimated to have both HIV and TB co-infection. TB is the most common OI among AIDS patients. Beginning 2001 the national AIDS and TB Control programmes of the government of India ha
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3223)
Leon A, Biglia A, Blanco J, Martinez E, Laguno M, Mallolas J, Lonca M, Larrousse M, Milinkovic A, Soriano A, Gatell JM;;;; Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Prevalence of PPD+ in HIV infected patients during pre-HAART era was 12-25% and over 30% had an anergic response. We performed a case-control study to evaluate the impact of previous history of IVDU in the prevalence of PPD positive, negative or anergic in HAART era. Methods: 57 consecutive HIV patients wit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3225)
Nkomazana O, Semo B;;;; Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
To assess the outcome of CMV retinitis treatment in a resource limited setting. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from records over the period November 2001 - August 2003 on patients referred from the AIDS clinic to the eye clinic at Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone for CMV screening. Patient
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3226)
Range NS, Magnussen P, Andersen AB, Friis H, Range NS;;;; National Institute For Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Due to the HIV pandemic, the incidence of TB is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasitic co-infections may affect the course of HIV and TB disease, but little data exist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried in Mwanza, Tanzania . Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients were recrui
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3227)
Odhiambo J, Nganga L, Wambua N, Mburu M, DeCock K, Kizito W, Njoroge A, Manwari C, Edward P, Chakaya J, Tanui I;;;; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), a widely advocated HIV/AIDS prevention strategy, targets largely healthy adults. In sub-Saharan Africa, up to 70% of patients with smear + pulmonary TB are HIV+ and up to half of people living with HIV/AIDS develop TB. Such strong associations, plus the need to provide co
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3228)
Antinori A, Giancola ML, Lorenzini P, Busi Rizzi E, Grisetti S, Schinina V, Larussa D, Rovighi L, Bibbolino C;;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L.Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
White matter lesions (WML) are frequent in HIV-infected patients in HAART era and cause difficulties for differential diagnosis. Methods: Monocentric retrospective analysis of brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Results: 60 HIV-patients: 24 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (17 with JCV-DN
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3229)
Wilson D, Nachega J, Chaisson R, Maartens G;;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Sputum smear-negative TB is difficult to diagnose in resource-limited settings. Methods: We developed case definitions for various forms of smear-negative TB: pulmonary (amended WHO definition); lymphadenitis (peripheral or visceral); serositis (pleural, peritoneal or pericardial); constitutional (fever plu
Objectives: To describe the characteristics of HIV/TB co-infection and to show the impact of HAART on this co-infection in Morocco , country with limited resource, low prevalence of HIV and high prevalence of TB (TB incidence = 30000 new case/year for 30 million inhabitant). Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Eligibl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3231)
Nawavvu C, Nanyonga MM, Namutebi C;;;; Makerere University Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
Tuberculosis is one of the single major pathogens that kill many people globally. Transmission of MDR TB strains is a big public health threat because of the inherent difficulty in the treatment of this type of TB. Therefore, a lot of emphasis should be put on follow up of patients on TB treatment to avert defa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3232)
Mootsikapun P, Smitharithee R, Chetchotisakd P;;;; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
To explore the early clinical and mycological outcome of combination between amphotericin B and azoles in treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. Method: This is a randomized, comparative controlled trial, which assigned patients with first episode of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis to treatmen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3233)
Mootsikapun P;;;; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
This study was undertaken to describe the bacterial pathogens causing bacteremia in Thai HIV-infected patients. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in Srnagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University teaching hospital. Data of adult HIV-positive patients from medical record and positive culture results fr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3234)
Cabie A, Foltzer A, Abel S, Cabre P, Liautaud B, Smadja D;;;; Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Fort-de-France, Fort-de-France, Martinique
Introduction: The aim of this open label prospective study was to assess the efficacy and tolerance of cotrimoxazole (CTX) for treatment of acute toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE). Patients and methods: Presumptive diagnosis of TE was defined as the association of two out of four criteria: 1) HIV infection; 2) Neurological
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3235)
Mootsikapun P, Chetchotisakd P, Anunnatsiri S;;;; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen, Thailand
To evaluate the efficacy of cotrimoxazole as treatment and secondary prophylaxis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patientsStudy design: An Open label study was performed at Srinagarind hospital, KKU during 2001-2002 Method: Adult Thai HIV-infected patients diagnosed as toxoplasmic encephalitis were enroll
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3236)
Esfandiari JE, Lyashchenko KP, Greenwald R, Greenwald D;;;; Chembio Diagnostic Systems Inc, Medford, United States
Tuberculosis (TB) has become a leading cause of death in patients infected with HIV. The rate of TB/HIV co-infection is rapidly growing in many countries. Timely diagnosis is crucial to control both TB and HIV infection. We propose a novel approach for rapid diagnosis of TB/HIV co-infection based on a simultaneous dete
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3237)
Granada AM, Miguez-Burbano MJ, Rodriguez A, Ashkin D, Pitchenik A, Shor-Posner G;;;; Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
The prevalence of TB and NTM as a cause of hospitalization in HIV immunosuppressed individuals and thoracic X-ray presentation was investigated. Methods: 534 HIV infected subjects consecutively admitted to Jackson Memorial Hospital between 2001-2002 were evaluated. Computerized records including clinical da
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3238)
Byaruhanga R, Byaruhanga R, Mugizi C;;;; AIM Project, M, Uganda
Tuberculosis control programme was launched in Ugnada in 1990 and gained full national coverage in 1995. Ten years of efforts by the program to control the tuberculosis public burden, the country continued to register an annual notification figure of 30,000 cases and Tuberculosis care remained elusive to most p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3240)
Edwards DJ, Kitetele F, Van Rie A;;;; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
Diagnosis of pediatric TB is difficult and based on clinical scoring systems. These were developed before the HIV era and haven t been validated in the HIV endemic setting. This study aims to evaluate the performance of published TB scoring systems in the setting of HIV co-infection. Methods: In a 1 year (8
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3241)
Zampese MS, Cunha VS, Silva TL;;;; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
The State of Rio Grande do Sul has been a histoplasmosis-endemic area of Brazil . Histoplasmosis is an opportunistic fungal infection, which has been increasing as a consequence of HIV infection and may be the presenting disease of AIDS. A range of clinical manifestations of cutaneous histoplasmosis in HIV/
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3242)
Andia I, Pepper LM, Matthieson P;;;; Mbarara University, Mbarara, Uganda
Prevalence of Renal disease in developed countries is higher than that in developing countries. Renal disease in HIV has a prevalence of 2-10%. HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a significant problem in patients of African origin. High prevalence of HIV in Uganda predicts a high incidence of HIVAN. Prot
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3243)
Wyen C, Stenzel W, Hoffmann C, Lehmann C, Deckert M, Fatkenheuer G;;;; University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare systematic angiocentric and angiodestructive disease. Currently LYG is considered as a B-cell lymphoma associated with an exuberant, benign, T-cell reaction. LYG is often associated with immune dysfunction and with Epstein-Barr-Virus infection. We report a case of an i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3244)
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F;;;; Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
The lipodystrophy syndrome and a wide spectrum of metabolic abnormalities,emerged as a resultof HAART administration. Local fat accumulation may occur as central adipositiy,increased breast dimension, gynecomastia,lipomastia,and the so-called buffalo hump . Methods and Results: Nine p of ~1000 referring to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3245)
Phillips KD, Sowell RL;;;; University of South Carolina - College of Nursing, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
Previous research indicates that persons with HIV/AIDS experience a high level of sleep disturbance that decreases their quality of life. Methods: The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine the prevalence of sleep disturbance, 2) level of treatment, and 3) relationship between sleep disturbance and ment
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3246)
Corti M, Villafane MF, Trione N, Schtirbu R, Narbaitz M, De Dios Soler M, Muzzio E, Castello T, Onis G;;;; Infectious Diseases F.J.Muniz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Our purpose is to describe the epidemiologic, clinicopathologic and virologic findings of Hodgkin s lymphoma (HL) in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: From January 1996 to December 2003, 18 cases of HL associated wiyh HIV infection were observed. Immunohistochemical detec
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3247)
Simonelli C, Tedeschi R, Gloghini A, Bortolin MT, Spina M, Bidoli E, Cinelli R, Schioppa O, Vaccher E, De Paoli P, Carbone A, Tirelli U;;;; National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) represents a peculiar lymphoma entity infected with human herpesvirus type-8 (HHV-8) and occurs predominantly in HIV-infected patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunological and virological parameters including HHV-8 viraemia in 5 HIV-infected patients affected b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3248)
Cahn P, Olmos M, Piskorz E, Concetti H, Perez H;;;; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
In contrast to the established role of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in the pathogenesis of gastritis in the general population, conflicting results have been reported in patients (pts) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Impaired acid secretion in AIDS, may reduce colonization of gastric mucosa a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3249)
Menezes P, Eron J, Napravnik S, Theodore D, Haley D, Ingle J, Quinlivan B, van der Horst C, Szczech L;;;; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
HIV related renal disease is the third leading cause of end stage renal disease among African Americans age 20-64. The prevalence of renal disease (presence of microalbuminuria (MA) or proteinuria (PRO)) and the outcomes associated with MA have not been clearly defined. We undertook this analysis to define
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3250)
Young T, Lee A, Hanks D, Ung R, Stansell J;;;; Positive Health Program/San Francisco General Hospital/University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
The Positive Health Program (PHP) at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) provides primary care for over 3300 HIV-infected persons. Anal cytology (PAP) was initiated as routine health care maintenance for men who have sex with men(MSM) in 2001. We reviewed 371 HIV-infected MSM with anal PAP and 121 MSM wit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3251)
Bower M, Thirlwell C, Powles T, Newsom-Davis T, Waterston A, Mandalia S, Neslon M, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
The incidence of invasive anal carcinoma is increased amongst people with HIV. HAART reduced the incidence of both KS and NHL but the effects on anal cancer are unknown. Methods: The anal cancer incidence in our prospective cohort of 8,640 HIV seropositive individuals (40,126 patient years of follow-up) was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3252)
Bower M, Thirlwell C, Waterston A, Young AM, Powles T, Newsom-Davis T, Nelson M, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Many clinicians believe that the prognosis for anal cancer in HIV+ patients is poor. Methods: 26 patients (25 male) with histologically confirmed invasive anal cancer were identified from a single institution prospective cohort of 8,640 HIV seropositive individuals. Results: At diagnosis of anal cancer, the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3253)
Serraino D, Longo B, Angeletti C, Dorrucci M, Rezza G;;;; INMI Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
Individuals immunosuppressed because of HIV infection are at increased risk for cancers strongly associated with infections with oncogenic viruses, like the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of EBV-related cancers in HIV-infected individuals with known durati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3254)
Horster S, Jung CP, Cohen CD, Zietz C, Siebeck M, Goebel FD;;;; Medizinische Poliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munchen, Germany
Plasmablastic leukemia (PL) as a complication of human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) -associated Castleman s disease is marked by a rapid and fatal outcome. In patients with AIDS a survival of 7 to 14 days after diagnosis has been reported. Splenectomy and chemotherapy might lead to a significant survival benefit.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3255)
Sill AM, Fantry LE, Taylor GH, Flaws JA;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, United States
Little is known about the characteristics of menopause in HIV infected women. Methods: We surveyed 123 HIV infected women attending an urban infectious disease clinic who were between 40 and 57 years old. Results: Eighty-eight percent smoked cigarettes, 95% were African American, and 94% had a least one pre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3256)
Padmapriyadarsini C, Swaminathan S, Ponnuraja C, Gomathy R, Triveni C, Rehman F, Victor L, Kannabiran M;;;; Tuberculosis Research Centre (ICMR), Chennai, India
Introduction: Nutritional status is known to contribute to the state of well-being and correlates with long-term outcome in HIV positive individuals. There is little information on the caloric and protein intake and nutritional status of HIV positive persons in India . Methods: 242 asymptomatic HIV- positi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3257)
Waterston A, Stebbing J, Thirlwell C, Newson-Davis T, Mandalia S, Nelson M, Gazzard BG, Bower M;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
HIV increases the risk of non Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) so we measured the influence of HAART on this risk. Methods: The protective effect of HAART regimens was examined in a prospective cohort of 9,621 HIV-infected individuals, lymphocyte subset data were also examined. Results: 280 patients were diagnosed
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3258)
Powles T, Stebbing J, Nelson M, Gazzard BG, Bower M, Shamash J, Ong J, Anderson J, Oliver T, Daugaard G, Fisher M, Johnson M, De Ruiter A;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Testicular germ cell tumour (GCT) is not an AIDS-defining illness despite an increased incidence in men with HIV infection. Many clinicians feel that the prognosis of testicular cancer may be worse amongst men with HIV infection. Methods: We performed a matched case control study comparing outcomes in 35 HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3259)
Newsom-Davis T, Stebbing J, Gupta R, Thirlwell C, Nelson M, Gazzard BG, Bower M;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Multicentric Castleman s disease (MCD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by lymphadenopathy with angiofollicular hyperplasia and plasma cell infiltration. In the context of HIV-1, the herpesvirus KSHV (Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) has been identified as a potential causative agent
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3260)
Wig N, Ashdhir P, Jena R, Pal H, Vajpayee M, Kumar R, Kapoor A, Khakha DC, Seth P, Pande JN;;;; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
HIV infection is associated with cognitive dysfunction. The present study was done to test relationship between cognitive dysfunction and CD4 count in HIV infected individuals in various stages of disease. Methods: We evaluated neurocognitive functions in HIV patients at All
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3261)
Nakasujja N, Wong M, Robertson K, Musisi S, Katabira E, McArthur J, Quinn T, Ronald A, Sacktor N;;;; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Dementia is seen in 15% and sensory neuropathy is seen in 30% of HIV+ individuals with advanced infection in the US. The frequency of neurological complications of HIV infection in Sub-Saharan Africa (with 67% of the world s HIV+ population) is largely unknown. To evaluate HIV-associated neurolog
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3262)
Crothers K, Griffith T, Rodriguez-Barradas M, Leaf DA, Weissman S, Gibert CL, Butt AA, Justice AC;;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
The impact of cigarette smoking on the mortality of HIV patients is unclear, as studies before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have had conflicting results. Given that HIV patients are currently living longer with HAART, we hypothesized that cigarette smoking and smoking-related diseases will e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3263)
Miguez-Burbano MJ, Hadrigan S, Asthana D, Azor C, Shor-Posner G;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Miami, United States
Introduction: HAART has been reported as a potential treatment for thrombocytopenia which has been associated with more rapid HIV disease progression. The present study investigated the relationship between thrombocytopenia and disease progression in HAART treated patients. Methods: In the present case/control study, C
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3264)
Miguez-Burbano MJ, Rodriguez A, Shor-Posner G;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Miami, United States
Epidemiological data suggest that HIV(+) individuals may be more vulnerable to neoplasias as a direct consequence of HAART-related increased survival and incomplete immune reconstitution. Methods: 534 HIV (+) subjects consecutively admitted to Jackson Memorial Hospital between 2001-2002 were evaluated. Comp
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3265)
Robertson KR, Robertson WT, Ford S, Parente AG, Hall CD;;;; Neurology, UNC, Chapel HIll, NC, United States
AIDS dementia is a frequent and debilitating complication of AIDS. The assessment of neurological and neurocognitive functioning in international settings poses special problems. Most neuropsychological tests are language dependent assessments requiring English as a first language. While motor tasks appear
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3266)
Bower M, Fox PA, Stebbing J, Barton SE, Francis N, Seet JE, Allen-Mersh TG, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is usually detected by chance during routine haemorrhoidectomy or excision of anal warts. It is unclear whether individuals who practice anoreceptive sexual intercourse should be screened for AIN. A prerequisite before this can occur is validation of cytology as a screen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3267)
Sati B, Garg DK, Purohit SD, Rathore R, Haag A, Mora C;;;; FXB Rajasthan Society, Jodhpur, India
Malnutrition has been reported in approximately 50% of the adult general population residing in Rajasthan, India . HIV infection may increase the incidence and severity of malnutrition, leading to wasting and its related complications. Methods: Clinical data was collected on the first visit among PLWHA seek
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3268)
Mosthaf FA, Goetzenich A, Hanhoff NJ, Wolf E, Knechten H, von Wussow P;;;; Private Practice, Karlsruhe, Germany
The beneficial effects of HAART on the incidence and course of AIDS-defining malignancies have been well described, but little data can be found on the epidemiology, diagnoses and therapy of non-AIDS defining malignomas in HIV-infected patients. The purpose of this study was to gather this data nation-wide
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3269)
Fultz SL, Duffy T, Weissman S, Rodriguez-Barradas M, Rabeneck L, Justice AC;;;; VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Section of General Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
Anemia is seen frequently in HIV infected patients and is associated with substantially shorter survival, yet it is unknown whether this relationship exists for all types of anemia. Methods: We used data from the Veterans Aging Cohort 3-site Study (VACS 3), a prospective cohort study of HIV+ veterans to det
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3270)
Miller ML, van Niekerk D, Granger MP, Taylor R, Lampinen TM, Chan KJ, Schilder AJ, Hogg RS, Hogg RS, Cook D;;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
Self-collection of anal specimens could greatly facilitate long-term natural history studies and anal cancer screening among gay men. Objectives: Compare self- versus clinician-collection procedures with respect to specimen adequacy; concordance of cytologic results and patients subjective experience. Metho
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3271)
Cassetti LI, Bottaro EG, Laurido MF, Scapellato PG, Vidal GI, Rodriguez Brieschke MT, Seoane MB;;;; Helios Salud. Hospital D F Santojanni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Osteonecrosis (ON) is more frequent in HIV-infected patients (HIV+pts) than in general population. Because it was noted especially since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), ON was considered as a complication of protease inhibitors (PI) use. However the studies that tried t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3272)
Vertefeuille JF, Flynn C, Nelson KE, Habeeb H, Tomoyasu N, Solomon L;;;; Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, United States
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced HIV-related mortality. This study compares causes of death in the pre-HAART and HAART eras among Maryland s HIV-infected population. Methods: Deaths were assigned to the era immediately preceding widespread availability of HAART (1994-19
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3273)
Biggar RJ, Engels EA, Kahn A, Li S, Schymura M, Sackoff J, Pfeiffer R;;;; Naional Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States
Care of persons with AIDS (PWA) who develop cancer is complicated because cancer therapies may cause further immunosuppression. We examined cancer survival in PWA by HIV therapy periods and estimated how big a gap in survivorship remains between persons with and without AIDS. Methods: Cancer data in 105,126
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3274)
Miguez-Burbano MJ, Rodriguez A, Hadrigan S, Azor C, Shor-Posner G;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Disease Prevention, Miami, United States
Introduction: Although an exponential increase in renal disease in HIV patients is anticipated, the biological mechanisms and risk factors whereby renal disease develops are complex and incompletely defined. Methods: 534 HIV (+) subjects consecutively admitted to Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida (2001-2002) we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3275)
Cimoch PJ, Walworth CM, Wellborn S, Silverman E, Cassarella SK, Fasone WA, Crawford J;;;; Center for Special Immunology, Fountain Valley, CA, United States
We investigated anti-oxidant function in HIV pts utilizing a functional intracellular assay. Methods: Blood was collected on pts without acute infections. Pts with a T4 count
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3276)
Chin-Hong PV, Guimaraes MD, Bonfim D, Da Costa M, Darragh T, Grinsztejn B, May SB, Pilotto JH, Palefsky JM;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
The incidence of anal cancer is increasing worldwide in men and women. HPV associated anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASIL), particularly high-grade lesions (HSIL), are the putative precursor lesions of anal cancer. Previous work has characterized a high prevalence of anal HPV infection and ASIL in H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3277)
Nunez M, Barreiro P, Ocampo A, Romero M, Losada E, Miralles C, Prieto A, Arazo P, Berdun M, Hernandez Burruezo J, Santos I, Marino A, Barrios A, Maida I, Echevarria S, Garcia-Samaniego J, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Poor response and side effects are the main limitations of current anti-HCV therapy [pegylated interferon (PegIFN) plus ribavirin (RBV)] in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Thus, early predictors of response will be of great value. Methods: PRESCO is an ongoing multicenter, prospective trial in HIV+ patients wi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3278)
McGinnis KA, Fultz SL, Skanderson M, Justice AC;;;; Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, United States
Now that people with HIV are living longer, there is concern that they may be at increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to long-term HIV infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and heavy alcohol use. We use data from the United States Veterans Affairs VA
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3279)
Marins JR, Barros MB, Chen SY, Machado H, Jamal LF, Hearst N;;;; Ministerio da Saude, Brasilia, Brazil
As AIDS patients live longer, management of comorbidities becomes increasingly important. Previous studies, all from developed countries, give conflicting results as to whether coinfection with hepatitis C lowers life expectancy of persons with AIDS. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was based on med
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3280)
Libman H, Saitz R, Nunes D, Cheng DM, Richardson J, Vidaver J, Samet JH;;;; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
Depressive symptoms adversely affect HIV mortality and are associated with alcoholism, but their association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HIV-infected persons is unclear. Methods: We evaluated 379 HIV-infected subjects with a history of alcohol problems (>2 + CAGE alcohol screening responses
To assess the risk of hepatotoxicity in patients co-infected with HIV and HBV and/or HCV initiating newer ARV agents. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done on HIV patients co-infected with hepatitis from 2 Toronto centres. GEE logistic regression assessed the association between specific clinical a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3282)
Caterino-de-Araujo A, Morimoto HK, Morimoto AA, Reiche EM, Reiche FV, Ueda LT;;;; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Parana, Londrina, Brazil
The current diagnosis of HTLV-II infection is based on the search of specific antibodies. Nevertheless, several studies conducted in Brazil pointed out the deficiencies of the commercially available kits in detecting truly HTLV-II infected patients, mostly in HIV/aids co-infected patients. The present study
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3283)
Koppermann M, Korber A, Grabbe S, Esser S;;;; University Hospital, Essen, Germany
Since 2000 the prevalence of SI increased in Germany . Recently reported SI cases showed rapid progression of SI to NSI and therapy failure in HIV-infected patients. The aim was to evaluate signs for NSI in CSF in patients with coinfection of SI and HIV and persistence of an active Treponema pallidum infect
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3284)
Sungkanupargh S, Overton ET, Seyfried W, Groger R, Powderly WG, Aberg JA;;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
HIV-infected persons respond poorly to hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination. Factors affecting this poor response have not been previously characterized in the HAART era. Methods: HIV-infected persons who had completed a 3 dose HBV vaccination series were identified. Medical records were reviewed for demographics,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3285)
Da Silva B, King M, Cernohous P, Brun S;;;; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, United States
As concomitant hepatitis C (HCV) and/or hepatitis B (HepB) infection occurs commonly with HIV infection, efficacy, safety and tolerability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in these patients (pts) is of interest. Methods: Safety, tolerability, and efficacy data
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3286)
Collins JA, Hercilla L, Hidalgo J, Salazar R;;;; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of HIV/AIDS, G. Almenara Hospital, Lima, Peru
Little information exists on the course of HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection. Prior studies have identified significant frequencies of co-infection in groups of persons at risk in endemic HTLV areas. It has been suggested that HTLV-1 may decrease survival of HIV-infected individuals. We aimed to determine the effect
HIV-2, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and HTLV-1 and HIV-1 co-infections have been reported to influence the course of the latter. Kenya , with one of the highest prevalence levels of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, is presently designing appropriate serological algorithm for its blood safety program. With this in mind, we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3288)
Reimann G, Schlottmann R, Bader A, Hoxtermann S, Kreuter A, Hower M, Alp S, Schmidt WE, Altmeyer P, Brockmeyer NH;;;; Department of Dermatology, Bochum, Germany
Backround: IL-18 has recently been identified as an interferon-a-inducing factor expressed by activated macrophages, it plays a key role in protection against infectious diseases contributing to TH1 immune response. Since it has been shown in vitro, that IL-18 can interfere with HIV replication and reduces cell surface
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3289)
de Larranaga GF, Peres S, Fainboim H, Puga L, Alonso B, Benetucci J;;;; Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Hospital of Infectious Diseases F. J. Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder associated to HAART. HCV infected patients have an increased risk of developing IR and diabetes type 2. We investigated whether HCV constitutes a risk factor for IR or other prothrombotic conditions in HIV-HCV co-infected patients under HAART. Patients: 118 HI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3290)
Thein HH, McAllister J, Dolan G, Cox J, Koorey D, Matthews G, Kaldor JM, Brew BJ, Maruff P, Dore GJ;;;; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
Preliminary evidence suggests greater cognitive impairment in HIV-HCV coinfection than HCV monoinfection. Interferon (IFN) alpha therapy may also cause cognitive dysfunction. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of IFN-based therapy on cognitive function and health-related quality of life
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3291)
Bollen LJ, Chuachoowong R, Kilmarx PH, Skunodom N, Culnane M, Chaowanachan T, Jetswang B, Roongpisuthipong A, Wright TC, Tappero JW;;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
HIV-infected women have a high risk of developing cervical cancer and could be a target population for human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccine studies. Several studies in this population have shown a prevalence of more than 50%. We assessed the prevalence of HPV types among HIV-infected pregnant women in
Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection is common among HIV-infected women and correlates with HIV plasma viral load. In addition, HPV infection may be associated with genital HIV shedding. We assessed the relation between HPV detection and HIV viral load in plasma and the female genital tract.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3293)
Braitstein P, Cote H, Montessori VC, Tyndall M, Yip B, Montaner JS, Palepu A, Hogg RS;;;; BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
While hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected individuals are at higher risk of lactic acidosis if on ribavirin treatment, we hypothesized that the presence of HCV would be independently associated with elevated VLL due to impaired hepatic function. Methods: The HIV/AIDS Treatment Program distributes, at no cos
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3294)
Braitstein P, Quon J, Schechter MT, Hogg RS;;;; BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
ICD9 codes do not include HCV, but ICD10 codes do (B182). Death from HCV is in fact due to conditions arising from HCV infection, suggesting that mortality attributable to HCV may be misquantified, depending on how HCV-related death is defined. To quantify the inter-rater agreement on causes of d
Treatment of hepatitis C has become a significant issue in HIV-infected subjects. We compared the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a 48 week-course of the standard (IFNialpha2b: 3 MIU x3/w, n=207) (IFN group) to the pegylated (PEG-IFNialpha2b: 1.5 mug/kg x1/w, n=205) interferon (PEG group) both combine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3296)
Gilleece Y, Nelson M, Asboe D, Browne R, Atkins M, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Methods: Prospective evaluation of acute HCV infection between January 1997 and October 2003. Results: 50 individuals were identified, 44 in the last 18 months. All were male homosexuals, mean age 37yrs. 40 were identified via newly abnormal liver function tests, 3 from sexual contact with HCV partner, 4 from jaundice,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3297)
Waterston A, Stebbing J, Atkins M, Nelson M, Newsom-Davis T, Gazzard BG, Bower M;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Hepatitis B (HBV) re-activation and subsequent liver damage during anti-cancer chemotherapy has been reported in a number of studies. As co-infection with HBV and HIV-1 is common, we examined the incidence and degree of HBV re-activation in a cohort of individuals with AIDS-related lymphoma
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3298)
Gilleece Y, Nelson M, Clarke A, Fisher M, Bower M, Atkins M, Gazzard BG;;;; Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Aim: To investigate the use of tenofovir in Hepatitis B/HIV co-infected individuals. Methods: An open-label study of Hepatitis B/HIV co-infected individuals receiving tenofovir. Results: 40 co-infected HBeAg +ve individuals were identified, 39 male and 1 female, median age 37.5yrs. They received tenofovir 245mg od as p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3299)
Rimland D, Guest JL;;;; VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Hepatitis A (HA) continues to be a common infection in HIV infected patients. Previous studies evaluated the immunogenicity of HA vaccine before the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We assessed the development of HA antibody after vaccination in a large cohort of patients studied in a cl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3300)
Cowling BJ, Donnelly CA, Ghani AC, Rode RA, Da Silva B, Cameron DW, Cooper CL, Kwong GP, Van Sighem AI, De Wolf F, Anderson RM;;;; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
HCV infection occurs in a considerable proportion of HIV-infected patients, and is of increasing interest for HIV-treating physicians. We explore the effect of HCV co-infection on response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) using a larger cohort than those used in previous studies. Methods: Among patients who
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3301)
Henry DH, Lambiase L, Pierone G, Woodward W, Slim J, LaMarca A, Hoffman-Terry M, Bowers PJ, Leitz GJ;;;; Joan Karnell Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
The natural history of anemia related to IFN/RBV treatment (tx) in HIV/HCV coinfected patients (pts) is not completely understood. Characterization of the time course and factors contributing to anemia may aid in designing tx strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of change in hemo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3302)
Abraham B, Marih L, Thevenet S, Marechal E, Verdet C, Rozenbaum W, Pialoux G;;;; Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales Hopital Tenon Universite Paris 6, Paris, France
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated strong associations between syphilis and HIV infection. A outbreak of syphilis in Paris has been noted recently. We performed a retrospective study in order to assess the evolution of the incidence and describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations of syphilis am
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3303)
Cohen MH, French A, Grey D, Cook J, Seaberg E, Terrault N, Burian P, Dirkes J, Young M, Anastos K;;;; Cook County Hospital, Chicago, United States
Co-infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and HIV-1 is common in U. S. women. Management guidelines for coinfected persons were issued in June 2002. Methods: The Women s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) enrolled women with and at risk for HIV infection in 1994-1995 and 2001-2002. We assessed awareness of HCV, d
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3304)
Rodriguez-Torres M, Torriani FJ, Lissen E, Brau N, Sulkowski M, Sola R, Tural C, Clumeck N, Cooper D, Yetzer E, Connell E, Dieterich D;;;; Fundacion de Investigacion de Diego, Santurce, Puerto Rico
Immunocompetent patients with HCV mono-infection who do not have an early virological response (EVR) after 12 weeks of PEGASYS/COPEGUS therapy are highly unlikely to develop an SVR at the end of follow-up (negative predictive value [NPV] = 97%; NEJM 2002;347:975). We determined whether this applies to HCV/H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3305)
Thaikruea L, Nelson KE, Thongsawat S, Maneekarn N, Thomas DL, Netski D;;;; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
There has no clear documented about HCV infection in HIV epidemic area like Thailand . This is the largest matched case-control study ever done among blood donors in Thailand. The objective was to investigate the potential risk factors for HCV infection among blood donors in northern Thailand. Methods: The
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3306)
Wnuk A, Mietkiewski J, Boron-Kaczmarska A, Jurczyk J;;;; Infectious Diseases Department of Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
Chronic hepatits C can lead to progressive liver disease in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. This may be due to the fact that in HIV-infected patients, HCV replicates not only in hepatocytes but also in the lymphoid cells, peripheral monocytes/macrophages and in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. The aim of this study wa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3307)
Pozniak AL, Staszewski S, Gallant JE, Lu B, Yale K, Enejosa J, Cheng AK;;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
HIV has been shown to accelerate HCV-related liver damage and HCV co-infection increases the risk of liver toxicity from antiretroviral therapy. Management of HCV/HIV co-infected patients is challenging and points to the need for safe antiretroviral agents. Methods: Study 903 was a Phase III, 144-week, doub
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3308)
Dore G, Cooper D, Pozniak AL, Sayre J, Lu B, Enejosa J, Cheng AK;;;; NCHECR, Univ. New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
The presence of HBV infection with HIV is associated with higher risk of cirrhosis and death. TDF has potent in vitro activity against both wild type and lamivudine (LAM)-resistant HBV. Study 903 was a Phase III, 144-week, double-blind, active-controlled trial in ART-naïve patients randomized to receive eit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3309)
Marino N, Lo Caputo S, Ble C, Pierotti P, Mazzotta F;;;; S.M.Annunziata Hospital, Florence Italy, Italy
Markers of HBV exposure are present in a high proportion of HIV infected individuals (70-90%). The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) chronic carriage is 1,9-9%; most individuals develop antibodies to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) and core antigen (anti-HBc); 10-18% develop anti-HBc in absen
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3310)
Viso AT, Pereira HM, Holcman MM, Madruga JV;;;; Centro de Referencia e Tratamento em DST/Aids, Sao Paulo, Brazil
The factors influencing the progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV patients have not been well established. We investigated the association between liver histology with demographic, clinical and laboratorial data in co-infected HCV/HIV patients. Methods: It is a retrospective study from patients chr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3311)
Brau N, Torriani FJ, Rodriguez-Torres M, Rockstroh JK, Lissen E, Lazzarin A, Carosi G, Sasadeusz J, Katlama C, Hadziyannis SJ, Connell E, Yetzer E, Dieterich DT;;;; Bronx VA Medical Center, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
In HCV/HIV-coinfected patients, hepatitis C combination therapy with PEGASYS/RBV achieves a sustained virological response rate of 40%, but questions arise how safe this therapy is in coinfection. Methods: We compared safety data from HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in the APRICOT trial
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3312)
Fonseca MO, Pang LW, Cavalheiro NP, Barone AA, Lopes MH;;;; Infectious Diseases Department, University Medical School of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Because HIV and hepatitis B virus share many common risk factors, it is important to try to vaccinate HIV patients against hepatitis B. There are numerous reports describing a variety of dose schedules, limited success and markers associated with impaired response to HBV vaccine in these individuals.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3313)
de Mendoza C, Sanchez-Conde M, Timmermans E, Buitelaar M, Fernandez-Casas P, de Baar MP, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Mitochondrial damage seems to be responsible for many of the toxicities associated with the long-term use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. These adverse effects, mainly lipoatrophy, could be even more pronounced in patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. There is no information abo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3314)
Wit FW, Ruys T, Padmos J, Lange JM;;;; International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Some cohort studies have reported an impaired recovery of CD4 counts with comparable virological efficacy after the start of HAART in HIV HCV co-infected patients, although several other studies failed to find such an association. We aimed to confirm or disprove this finding in our own HIV patients. Methods
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3315)
Bonora S, Canta F, Caci AM, D'Avolio A, Sciandra M, Boffito M, Garazzino S, Aguilar-Marucco DM, Raiteri R, Marrone R, Sinicco A, Di Perri G;;;; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
In Italy HCV infection affects 30-50% of HIV+ patients (pts) and is known to be a risk factor for HAART-related hepatotoxicity. LPV clearance was shown to be decreased in case of HCV-related cirrhosis. Aim of our study was to determine LPV exposure and safety in non-cirrhotic HIV+/HCV+ as compared to HIV+/H
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3316)
Quan VM, Go VF, Bergenstrom A, Giang PN, Nam LV;;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Injection drug use has accounted for 60% of all reported HIV infections in Vietnam . Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and HIV share routes of transmission. In this study, we assessed prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and risk factors associated with HCV seropositivity among injection
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3317)
Maida I, Sanchez-Conde M, Soriano V;;;; Infectious disease Hospital, University of Sassari, Italy
The management of chronic hepatitis in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients has become an important challenge, since possible interactions among anti-HIV drugs (NRTIs) and interferon or ribavirin (RBV) have to be taken into account. For instance, several reports have alerted on the risks associated with the concomit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3318)
Fultz SL, Chang CC, Skanderson M, Butt AA, Rigsby MO, Fusco GP, Dieterich DT, Becker SL, Simberkoff M, Rabeneck L, Rodriguez-Barradas M, Justice AC;;;; VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Section of General Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
Survival of HIV-infected patients has increased making management of comorbid conditions more important. Past studies of the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on survival have been conflicting. We hypothesized that the impact of HCV on mortality is dependent on underlying mortality risk predicte
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3319)
Castro-Sansores C, Santos-Rivero A, Lara-Perera D, Alonso-Salomon L, Gonzalez-Martinez P, Gongora-Biachi R;;;; University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
The prevalence of the HTLV-II infection among patients with the HIV infection in Yucatan, does not know. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of the co-infection and the effect of HTLV-II among a group of patients with HIV infection in Yucatan, Mexico . Methods: One hundred ninety two patients w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3320)
Sarmento C, Horta A, Coelho H, Vasconcelos O, Mendez J, Seabra J, Tavares AP, Pinho L, Fortes O, Duarte M, Pires N, Chaves L, Carneiro F;;;; Hospital de Joaquim Urbano, Porto, Portugal
Backgroud: There is controversy about the influence of HIV infection on the progression of chronic hepatitis C . Studies comparing histology in HCV-HIV patients before and after treatment are scarce. Objectives: Evaluate HIV, genotype and treatment influence on RNA-HCV, necroinflammatory activity (NIA) and fibrosis (Is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3321)
Maida I, Sanchez-Conde M, Nunez M, Gallego L, Barreiro P, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V;;;; Infectious disease Hospital, University of Sassari, Italy
Liver disease due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents an increasing cause of end stage liver disease (ESLD) and death among HIV+ patients. Given the improved survival and quality of life achieved with HAART, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is being proposed for HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with ESLD
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3322)
Sarmento C, Horta A, Coelho H, Vasconcelos O, Mendez J, Seabra J, Tavares AP, Duarte M, Fortes O, Chaves L, Freitas M, Pinho L, Carneiro F;;;; Hospital de Joaquim Urbano, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Poor compliance and HCV treatment related adverse events are limiting factors to efficacy mainly in patients co-infected with HIV. Objectives: To compare SVR in HCV vs HCV-HIV patients with a lower PEG 1,0 mug/Kg dose in combination with ribavirin. Methods: In order to increase compliance and reduce adver
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3323)
Luque AE, Messing S, Rose RC, Reichman RC;;;; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
HPV infection and disease are highly prevalent among HIV-infected women, and high risk genotypes such as 16 and 18 produce high-grade dysplasias and cancer. We examined the prevalence of different genotypes among 229 HIV-infected women followed prospectively for up to 7 years. Study participants were seen at 6-month
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3324)
Mularska E, Beniowski M, Janczewska-Kazek E, Kwiatkowski J, Zaborowski D, Witor A, Magiera M;;;; Centre for AIDS Diagnostic and Therapy, Chorzow, Poland
Hepatitis C is a opportunistic infection causing substantial morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients (pts). Studies confirm that this coinfection influences either the HIV disease progression or the acceleration of liver fibrosis. So, all HIV/HCV coinfected pts should be treated for the therapy aga
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3325)
Lacombe K, Massari V, Serfaty L, Faure-Chounina V, Gozlan J, Massot O, Pialoux G, Miailhes P, Picard O, Furco A, Lascoux-Combe C, Callard P, Valleron AJ, Girard PM;;;; Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
Data about determinants of liver fibrosis progression in HIV-HBV co-infected patients are scarce and have not been addressed in a prospective study. Methods: A 3 year-multicenter cohort study has been set up in Paris and Lyon ( France ) since 2002. Inclusion criteria were HIV+ test and presence of HBsAg in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3326)
Slim J, Finkel DG, Fallon JP, Smith SM;;;; Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, United States
Introduction: Some studies have suggested that Hepatitis C (HCV) infection in patients with HIV can lead to poor immune response after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). A possible explanation for this phenomena could be a deterioration of liver function, since patients with liver cirrhosis without HIV disease
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3327)
Camino N, Toro C, Sheldon J, Rios P, Jimenez V, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
The detection of hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) persons lacking antibodies (Ab) against HCV has been reported in HIV+ patients. However, the prevalence of seronegative HCV infection in these patients and its clinical impact is unknown. To determine the frequency and risk factors associated to HC
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3328)
Vogel M, Bieniek B, Jessen H, Schewe CK, Lutz T, Baumgarten A, Kroidl A, Bogner J, Spengler U, Rockstroh JK;;;; Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
Studies in hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infected patients suggest high sustained treatment response rates of up to 98% when interferon mono-therapy is administered during the acute phase of HCV-infection. To clarify whether early treatment of acute hepatitis C is similarly efficient in human immunodeficienc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3329)
Cooper D, Torriani FJ, Rodriguez-Torres M, Brau N, Sulkowski M, Sola R, Tural C, Clumeck N, Nelson MR, Correa MC, Godofsky EW, Dieterich DT, Duff F, Passe S, Lissen E;;;; University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
In the APRICOT study, the combination of PEGASYS plus COPEGUS produced significantly higher sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients with HCV/HIV co-infection (40%) than either PEGASYS monotherapy (20%) or the combination of interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin (12%). We aimed to identify baselin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3330)
Postel N, Wolf E, Koegl C, Buchberger A, Ruemmelein N, Wandel J, Jaegel-Guedes E, Jaeger H;;;; Private Practice Dr Jaegel-Guedes/Dr Jaeger, Munich, Germany
Chronic hepatitis B has a higher prevalence in HIV-infected persons than in HIV-Negatives. Moreover chronic hepatitis B can worsen the course of HIV-disease and vice versa. It is therefore reasonable to vaccinate HIV-positive persons against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Methods: Investigation of vaccination res
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3331)
Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Sirirungsi W, Boonprasit W, Khamduang W, Suwannachat B, Achalapong J, Kovitanggoon K, Chotivanich N, Kosalaraksa P, Layangool P, Thongdej R, Bhakeecheep S, Pipatnakulchai S, Barin F, Lallemant MJ;;;; Harvard School of Public Health/IRD054/Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
HIV-HBV co-infection in pregnant women may influence the risk of both HIV and HBV perinatal transmission. In the context of a perinatal HIV prevention trial in Thailand (PHPT-1), we assessed the prevalence of HBs Antigen carriage (HBsAg) in HIV-1 positive pregnant women and the risk of HIV and HBV vertical
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3332)
Camino N, Sheldon J, Rios P, Nunez M, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
HBV and HIV share similar routes of transmission, which explain why HBV/HCV coinfection is a common finding. HIV immunosuppression may influence HBV virologic features, which may have pathogenic implications and influence treatment response. Methods: All HIV+ patients on regular follow-up at a reference ins
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3333)
Hoffman-Terry ML, Kimmel SR;;;; Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, United States
End stage liver disease (LD) caused by hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection of HIV infected patients (pts.) has become the most common cause of death in many HIV clinics in the developed world. Our ability to intervene by aggressively treating the HCV with combination interferon regimens and the morbidity/mortalit
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3334)
Gozlan J, Lacombe K, Boelle PY, Beyer YJ, Charrois A, Carpentier S, Morand-Joubert L, Girard PM;;;; Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
TDF is a nucleotide analogue with antiretroviral activity and in vivo efficacy on HBV replication. Long-term activity of TDF against HBV has not been prospectively evaluated yet in HIV-HBV co-infected patients. Methods: A prospective study has been nested in the French multicenter HIV-HBV cohort. Inclusion
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3335)
Furrer H, Rauch A, Rickenbach M, Weber R, Hirschel B, Tarr P, Bucher H, Bachmann S, Bernasconi E, Ledergerber B;;;; University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
There is little data about incidence of HCV infection in HIV-1 infected patients. In recent years HCV infection by sexual route has been reported, mainly in HIV-infected MSM. Methods: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) is a prospective multicenter cohort study of HIV infected adults in Switze
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3336)
Wit FW, Ruys T, Padmos J, Lange JM;;;; International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
It has been reported that in HIV-1 HCV infected patients the use of HAART results in a lower incidence of lipid abnormalities than in HIV-1 infected patients. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients from our HIV outpatient clinic. The occurrence of lipid abnormalities after the start of HAART in HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3337)
Gorgolas M, Rivas P, Goyenechea A, Alonso J, Garcia R, Fernandez-Guerrero ML;;;; Infectious Diseases Division/Fundacion Jimenez Diaz/Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Hepatitis A (HpA) is an extremely common infection in developing countries, but it seldom occurs in rich countries and subjects are not naturally immunized. HIV infected patients are often co-infected with hepatitis C or B virus and those on treatment frequently have liver enzymes elevations.
TDF is an effective antiretroviral agent with activity, also, against Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its use in HIV/HBV co-infected patients makes possible the treatment of both infections simultaneously. The objective of this study was to asses the efficacy of TDF as treatment for HBV in HIV/HBV co-infected pati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3339)
Blanco F, Garcia-Benayas T, Garcia A, Alcolea A, Camino N, Gonzalez-Lahoz J;;;; Service of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Carlos III., Madrid, Spain
Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia (HG) are higher among HIV+ patients (pts) compared with healthy uninfected people. Host conditions, such as age, sex, BMI, lipodystrophy body changes (LD) and other factors related to antiretroviral treatment (ARVT) (steatohepatitis induced by certain NRTI -ddI, d4T- thr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3340)
La Fleur CG, Edwards M, Hardy L, Mc Ewan C;;;; Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
Introduction: Blood donation in public health institutions of Guyana is mainly done at the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS). Donated units are screened for several transfusion transmitted in infections (TTIs) including HIV, Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), syphilis, malaria and filaria. Objectives: To determine
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3341)
Absalon J, Fuller CM, Ompad DC, Galea S, Wu Y, Vlahov D;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Risk behaviors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among young drug users also increase risk for HIV. Prevention efforts have decreased HIV rates attributable to injection drug use however drug users continue to be at high risk for sexually transmitted HBV and HIV. Strategies to prevent HBV among this gro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3342)
Grant I, Cherner M, Letendre S, Heaton RK, Ellis RJ, Atkinson JH;;;; University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC), San Diego, United States
Hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection is a common co-morbidity in HIV infected [HIV+] persons, and substance use may be a common risk factor for both. HIV and substance use each can produce neurocognitive impairment, and some preliminary evidence suggests HCV might also do so. This study examined the unique and joint contr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3343)
Kovacs A, Du W, DeGiacomo M, Shahidyazdani T, Wright D, Nowicki MJ;;;; LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Infection with hepatitis C is common among HIV+ women. Studies to date have been conflicting as to the impact of HCV infection on HIV disease progression in women. Methods: This study included 1367 AIDS-free women enrolled in theWomen s Interagency HIV-1 Study (WIHS). HCV viremia was determined for all anti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3344)
Pochini AP, Della Negra M, Queiroz W, Yu CL, Pacola DP, Eleterio FA, Soraggi-Neto C;;;; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Objectives: 1) To establish the prevalence of co-infection HIV/HCV ( hepatitis C virus) in a cohort of vertically HIV-infected children followed at Intituto de Infectologia Emilio RibasSao Paulo - Brazil . 2) To correlate the incidence of co-infection HIV/HCV with clinical and laboratory findings compatible w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3345)
Jones KL, Ferrando SJ, Talal AH, Truman C, Luckett PT;;;; Cornell Medical School/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
Psychiatric side effects related to interferon (IFN) are a frequent contraindication to treatment initiation and a frequent reason for medication discontinuation. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 70 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infected patients enrolled in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3346)
Guardiola J, Cadafalch J, Enriquez J, Matas L, Mauri A, Corominas H, Margall N, Gurgui M, Domingo P;;;; Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is currently the most important cause of chronic liver disease and liver related death. HCV-HIV coinfection is the most frequently diagnosed associated pathology in the natural history of HIV infected patients in the first world, even more than opportunistic infection. Quantitative de
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3347)
Jeffries C;;;; Univ. of Maryland, Inst. of Human Virology, Baltimore, United States
HIV patients on HD spend three days a week receiving treatment and are often expected to schedule appointments with their HIV provider for routine care and monitoring. In a pilot survey, patients stated they would prefer to have all their care in one place, thus making it easier for them to adhere to their nume
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3348)
Ananworanich J, Siripong A, Tulloch O, Boyd M, Morsbach K;;;; Baan Gerda, Children's Rights Foundation, Lopburi, Thailand
There is limited data on outcome of NNRTI-based HAART in children. We describe treatment outcome of ARV-naïve children treated with such regimen who live in a unique family-style setting, Baan Gerda, where all have HIV and receive similar treatment as a group. Methods: Baan Gerda has 54 children with HIV. C
The treatment of HIV-infected IDU represents a major challenge for the health system and clinicians. Even in a universal health care system, IDU seems not accessing care as the non-IDU-HIV-infected patients. To assess the antiretroviral (ARV) access of HIV-infected IDU and our ability to control
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3350)
Martin M, Mansakul W, Tappero JW, Sangkum U, Vanichseni S, Pitisuttithum P, van Griensven F, Orelind K, Choopanya K;;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Beginning in March 1999, 2,546 injection drug users (IDUs) enrolled in the AIDSVAX B/E Phase III HIV vaccine trial. During the trial, 229 participants became HIV-infected based on serologic testing; 18 of these were HIV-infected at enrollment by nucleic acid testing. The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3351)
El-Sadr WM, Abrams EJ, Rabkin M, Hoos D, Berkman A, Myer L, Hardy TW, Rosenfield A;;;; MTCT-Plus, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States
There is intense interest in rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in less-developed countries (LDC). Less attention has been paid to models that provide comprehensive primary care & that focus on the needs of families with HIV. The MTCT-Plus Initiative was established for two compelli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3352)
Hops H, Waldron HB, Davis B;;;; Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon, United States
Substance-abusing adolescents are at high risk for HIV/AIDS yet controlled clinical trials of intervention programs for adolescent substance use and HIV-risk behaviors have been rare, and few effective, replicable, and enduring treatment strategies have been identified. Even less research has focused on identif
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3353)
Muirhead DG, Kumaranayake L, Matsebula TC, Khotle LS, Charalambous S, Churchyard GJ;;;; Aurum Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa
Roll out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has already begun in South Africa among employers and private sector health services, and is being planned in the public sector. There have been a number of model-based studies estimating the costs of ARV scale-up. To date there has been few actual cost studies of wi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3354)
Lenya RG;;;; The Association of People with AIDS in Kenya (TAPWAK), Nairobi, Kenya
In order to be effective community and home based care programs must provide services that PLWHAs want and need. We examined the extent to which a program that trained youth can provide to care and support to PLWHAs responded to the needs of PLWHAs and their families. 300 youth club members were tr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3355)
Jack CG, Naidoo V, Lalloo U, Ziyani C, Friedland G;;;; University of Kwazulu-natal, Durban, South Africa
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide. We have previously reported results of a successful pilot project demonstrating feasibility of integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) into a TB/DOT program. Since TB treatment is
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3356)
Sabin CA, Gumley H, Youle M, Smith CJ, Lampe F, Phillips AN, Johnson MA;;;; Royal Free and UC Medical School, London, United Kingdom
As there is some concern that the benefits of therapy may be reduced in those with low CD4 counts, we investigated the characteristics of individuals presenting for care with very low CD4 counts and described their clinical, immunological and virological outcomes. Methods: Late presenters were those who pre
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3357)
Khawlhring DM, Zou CH, Tusing DL;;;; SHALOM, Churachandpur, Manipur, India
62% of all the AIDS patients treated at SHALOM (Society for HIV/AIDS and Lifeline Operation in Manipur) Hospice Care Centre at Churachandpur, Manipur in North East India were intravenous drug users (IDUs). The twin epidemics of HIV infection and drug abuse have been closely entwined right from the beginning of t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3358)
Sarmento-Castro R, Horta A, Mendez J, Duarte M, Rocha R, Rodrigues C, Veloso S, Freitas M, Pires N, Fortes O, Recalde C, Costa C, Silvano L;;;; Hospital de Joaquim Urbano, Porto, Portugal
Inadequate compliance with antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially in IVDUs, contributes to HIV drug resistance and to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Sixty five percent of our patients are active IVDUs with high rates of non-compliance. To increase adherence DOT was used, on a daily basis, for ad
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3359)
Lieberman RM;;;; Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, N.Y., United States
In the last decade, there has been a proliferation of treatment options for CMVR, both in the number of medications and the types of delivery systems (oral, intravenous, implant and intravitreal). Since the advent of HAART, not all patients present with CMVR in the latter stages of disease, or with CD-4 counts
At the mildmay centre in Uganda , we offer inter disciplinary care to both children and adults living with HIV/AIDS. We have a total of 7,092 registered patients as per December 2003 of which 61% are adults, 39% are children below 18 years. Inter disciplinary meetings are held once weekly to discuss problem
With increasing incidence of HIV in pregnant women implementing PMTCT programms has taken a priority. In countries such as India where the problem is as yet not as menacing as in Africa starting off PMTCT programs and their fast scaling-up has become another form of targeted intervention. Getting the private med
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3362)
Galbinski K, Oliveira SB, Costa RB;;;; Brazilian STD/AIDS Program - Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
Psychiatric services have been facing an increasing number of patients with mental disorders living with HIV/aids and are often unprepared to handle this situation; on the other hand, HIV/AIDS services have been facing a great number of patients with severe psychological and/or psychiatric symptoms that cannot
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3363)
Santos CE, Ramos CF, Rossi SS, Silva MA, Galbinski K, Santos VL, Okamura M, Vasconcelos AL, Campos EO, Moura K;;;; National STD/AIDS Program - Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
HIV infection in adolescents has challenged health care providers and policy makers. Between 1980- 2002, 5.975 AIDS cases were notified among 10-19 years old adolescents, and 1,675 are in ARV therapy. Although, the Brazilian STD/AIDS Program has as its major objective the implementation of quality and acces
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3364)
Campa A, Sales S, Timothee H, Xue L, Phillips JC, Daniel V, Yang Z, Baum MK;;;; Florida International University, Miami, United States
Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality in HIV+ patients, particularly among female drug users, and occurs more frequently as the disease progresses. This study investigated the association between anemia, HIV status and the use of health care in a cohort of HIV+ drug users. Methods: Demographic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3365)
Ngabo F, Cyulinyana P, Sindikubwabo R, von Zinkernagel D, Bouey P, Goosby E;;;; Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation, Kigali, Rwanda
Psychosocial support is an increasingly important aspect of HIV care and treatment, particularly in resource-poor settings. Such systems support and educate individuals and families, and when linked with income-generating activities, they empower clients in their lives. The Rwanda Fami
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3366)
Alonso J, Tejeda M, Salinas A, Alonso E, Blazquez D, Rivas P, Goyenechea A, Gorgolas M, Fernandez-Guerrero ML;;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Aging has a deleterious effect on the natural history and progression of HIV infection. However the introduction of HAART might significantly change this effect. Methods: Retrospective study of 31 HIV patients aged >60 years (group A) compared to 71 HIV patients aged
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3367)
Wolfe R, Lobozzo J, Sharp V;;;; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hosptial Center, Center for Comprehensive Care, New York, United States
Introduction: Studies indicate that substance use, risky sexual behaviors, mental health difficulties, and domestic violence are significant problems among individuals infected with HIV. To evaluate a training program to improve clinicians identification of these issues, we assessed screening practices at an HIV clinic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeB3368)
Goodkin K, Wilkie FL, Ardila A, Lee D, Molina RR, Asthana D, Shapshak P, Frasca A, O'Mellan S, Zheng W, Khamis I;;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
Little is known about the differential impact of older age on functional status in activities of daily living among primarily Spanish speaking HIV-1 infected individuals. Methods: A total of 157 participants in a longitudinal study of older age and cognitive-motor disorder in HIV-1 infection among primary S
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3369)
van der Sande MA, Schim van der Loeff MF, Aveika AA, Sabally S, Togun T, Sarge-Njie R, Alabi AS, Jaye A, Corrah T, Whittle HC;;;; Medical Research Council The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
Identification of basic prognostic indicators of HIV infection is essential before widespread anti-retroviral therapy can be implemented in low technology settings. Body Mass Index (BMI: kg/m2) can be easily assessed and could be such an indicator. Methods: BMI within 3 months of HIV diagnosis was obtained
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3371)
Glynn JR, Sonnenberg P, Nelson G, Bester A, Shearer S, Murray J;;;; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Knowledge of survival with HIV following seroconversion in developing countries comes from only a few hundred individuals. We present data on nearly 2000 goldminers with known dates of seroconversion. Methods: Mortality rates were estimated in miners with and without HIV infection in a retrospective cohort
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3373)
Pierre R, Steel-Duncan J, Evans-Gilbert T, Rodriguez B, Palmer P, Smikle M, Whorms S, Hambleton I, Figueroa JP, Christie CD;;;; University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
The clinical presentation of Pediatric HIV/AIDS has not been clearly defined prospectively in the Caribbean. We document the frequency of CDC-defined clinical conditions among HIV/AIDS infected Jamaican children. Methods: In a prospective, observational study of the Kingston Pediatric Perinatal Program, 110
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3374)
Msellati P, Kouakoussui AK, Elenga N, Laguide R, Anaky MF, Rouet F, Wemin ML, Fassinou P, Blanche S;;;; UR 036, IRD, Montpellier, France
In an observational cohort of HIV infected children started in October 2000, we studied the evolution of children with moderate immunodepression at inclusion (>15% CD4). Methods: we selected all children >15% CD4 at inclusion without HAART, who acquired HIV from their mother and were followed for at least 2
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3375)
Santo AH;;;; School of Public Health/University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Deaths of AIDS result from the association of infections, neoplasms and other conditions, whose trend was affected by preventive and highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART). The study of associated causes of death would clarify the effectiveness of therapies and identify conditions that should receiv
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3376)
Argueta Reyes JC, Valdez CJ, Aquino G, Murga G;;;; Ministry of Public Health and Social Wellfare, Guatemala, Guatemala
The law created the decree # 87-97, which establishes the serologic screening for detection of HIV antibodies, Treponema pallidum (Syphilis), Hepatitis B surface antigen virus, Hepatitis C virus, and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease). The survey objective is to analyze the positivity of the serological scr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3377)
Serraino D, Carrieri MP, Pradier C, Piche M, Piselli P, Rosenthal E, Heudier P, Durant J;;;; INSERM U379, Marseille, France
It has been well established that HIV-infected intravenous drug users (IDUs) are at increased risk for cancer because of HIV-related immunodeficiency and of life style habits that enhance their risk of infection with onogenic viruses and with other important cancer determinants (e.g., smoking). However, stu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3378)
Kumarasamy N, Zhou J;;;; YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India
Relatively little is known regarding HIV disease natural history and response to antiretroviral treatments among Asian people infected with HIV. The TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) is a recently established collaborative observational cohort study, and aims to assess HIV disease natural histor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3379)
van Sighem AI, Ghani AC, Gras L, Danner S, Anderson RM, de Wolf F;;;; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
We developed a prognostic model using the initial immunological and virological response in patients starting HAART. Methods: Antiretroviral therapy naïve patients initiating HAART were selected from the ATHENA observational cohort, excluding patients infected via intravenous drug use or with less than 24 w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3380)
Gultom M;;;; FHI, Jakarta, Indonesia
To determine the prevalence of HIV and syphilis and to describe sexual behaviors among MSM sub population in Jakarta. Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed among three MSM groups: transgender, male sex workers (MSW) serving men, and gay clients of MSW and waria between May - July 2002. Participa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3381)
McDermid JM, Jaye A, Schim van der Loeff M, Todd J, Bates C, Austin S, Whittle H, Prentice AM;;;; Epidemiology & Population Health/London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Iron is critical for optimal functioning of the innate and acquired immune responses via its role as a cofactor for immune enzymes, gene regulation, DNA synthesis and host-pathogen iron competition. Iron insufficiency, excess or maldistribution may alter host immune response and opportunistic pathogen viabi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3382)
Etzel A, Shibata GY, Caseiro MM, Segurado AC;;;; AIDS Reference Center and Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Santos and Sao Paulo, Brazil
HTLV-I, HTLV-II and HIV share modes of transmission and risk factors. Several studies suggest that HTLV-I or HTLV-II coinfections may accelerate the clinical progression of HIV disease. In an earlier cross-sectional survey, conducted in 499 HIV-infected individuals from Santos- Brazil , we have estima
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3383)
Xulu TL, Martinson N, Michelow PM, Seroke SP, Mbengo KJ, Gray G, McIntyre JA;;;; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
Research suggests that HIV infected women have an increased rate of premalignant cervical lesions and that HIV induced immunosuppression will accelerate progression. South Africa has the highest burden of HIV infections and high rates of cervical malignancy with a crude incidence rate of 29.4/100 000 in 199
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3384)
Dray-Spira R, Persoz A, Deveau C, Gueguen A, Lert F, Delfraissy JF, Meyer L;;;; INSERM U88, Saint-Maurice, France
The benefits of recent advances in HIV infection case management on individuals health status may differ among groups of patients independently of their clinical characteristics. In particular, socio-economic conditions may play a major role in these inequalities. The aim of this study was to estimate the r
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3385)
Samet JH, Cheng DM, Libman H, Nunes D, Meli S, Tibbetts N, Saitz R;;;; Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States
Alcohol use is common among HIV-infected persons and a risk factor for worse medication adherence. Conflicting data exist on the relationship between alcohol consumption and HIV disease progression. Methods: We assessed the following data at 6-month intervals (1997-2003) from two prospective cohorts of HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3386)
Soares MA, Pires IL, Speranza FA, Ishii SK, Vieira MC, Gouvea MI, Guimaraes MA, Oliveira FE, Magnanini MF, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A;;;; Instituto de Biologia do Exercito, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Although transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains has reportedly increased in developed countries with widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, few studies in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Brazil after free access to ARV drug therapy have been conducted. Scarce studies with contradi
The HIV epidemic in Uganda reached peak prevalence in the mid 1990 s, and is now reported to be on the decline. Not only is the prevalence of HIV changing, but the clinical presentation and prevalence of AIDS related opportunistic infections (OIs) has also undergone a change over the last ten years. Method:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3388)
Madec Y, Rouzioux C, Boufassa F, Delfraissy JF, Meyer L;;;; INSERM U569, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
Few cohorts have quantified the phenomenon of long-term controlled viremia (LTCV) in the natural course of HIV-1 infection. This could provide a background to assess efficacy of open studies of supervised treatment interruptions in primary infection. This study was conducted to identify the % of patients wh
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3389)
Morrison CS, Van Der Pol B, Cornelisse P, Chipato T, Mmiro F, Mugerwa R, Hicks C, Johnson J, Padian NS, Salata RA;;;; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
Information concerning clinical manifestations associated with acute and early HIV-1 infection among African women can aid clinicians in recognizing primary HIV-1 infection and expedite appropriate clinical care and counseling for HIV testing and risk reduction. Methods: We are studying HIV-negative women i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3390)
Salata RA, Walker C, Rwambuya S, Chipato T, Hakim J, Nyamapfeni P, Magwali T, Padian N, Kwok C, Morrison CS, Kityo C, Byamugisha J, Mugerwa R, Mmiro F;;;; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
The consequence of pregnancy on HIV-1 disease progression (especially early infection) needs better definition. Methods: We are conducting a study of HIV uninfected women in Uganda (Ug) and Zimbabwe (Zm) examining HIV-1 incidence rates among hormonal contraception (HC) and non-HC users.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3391)
van der Sande MA, Schim van der Loeff MF, Cashdollar R, Dowley M, Aveika AA, Togun T, Sabally S, Adegbola R, Sarge-Njie R, Jaye A, Corrah T, McConkey S, Whittle HC;;;; Medical Research Council, Fajara, Gambia
In sub-Saharan Africa, tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequently diagnosed opportunistic infection, and most frequent cause of death among HIV infected patients. HIV-2 infection has been associated with less immune suppression, slower disease progression and longer survival compared to HIV-1. Differences in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3392)
Grant AD, Fielding KL, Charalambous S, Day JH, Moyake T, Hayes RJ, Churchyard GJ;;;; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
As antiretroviral therapy (ART) becomes more available in developing countries, simple prognostic indicators are required to guide decisions about when ART should be started. We investigated predictors of severe clinical events among a cohort of individuals attending a workplace HIV clinic in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3393)
Drain PK, Baeten JM, Overbaugh J, Wener MH, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola JO, McClelland RS;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
In HIV-1 seropositive individuals, low serum selenium has been associated with advanced HIV-1 disease markers, but previous studies have not fully controlled for potential confounding factors. We sought to determine if serum selenium was independently associated with CD4 count and plasma viral load after ad
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3394)
Lavreys L, Baeten JM, Chohan V, McClelland RS, Richardson BA, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola J, Overbaugh J;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Information on the natural history of HIV-1 in Africa is limited, especially from individuals with well-defined dates of HIV-1 infection. Identifying predictors of HIV-1 disease progression may aid in designing programs to provide HIV-1 care, especially as antiretroviral therapy becomes more widely availabl
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3395)
Dieng Sarr A, Eisen G, Traore I, Gueye A, Dia MC, Mullins C, Mboup S, Kanki P;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
The natural course of primary HIV infection has been well described in homosexual and intravenous drug user populations predominantly infected with HIV-1 subtype B, but few studies have addressed HIV-1 primary infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where the epidemic is primarily heterosexual and caused by differ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3396)
Galai N, Mehta S, Sterling T, Safaeian M, Lucas G, Vlahov D;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
While HAART use has increased among IDUs, data are sparse on immunologic and virologic responses to treatment in IDUs. We examined trends and correlates of CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) after HAART initiation among IDUs in Baltimore, MD. Methods: From a cohort evaluated semi-annually for cli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3397)
Ammaranond P, Guerin J, Anderson B, Doong NC, Finlayson R, Kelly M, McMurchie M, Price R, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD; ANCHECR/University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
HLA B27 is associated with Long Term Non-Progression (LTNP) and is characterised by a CTL response to a conserved epitope in Gag p24 (KRWIILGLNK 263-272). The HLA B27 restricted epitope like almost all HLA B27 restricted epitopes has an arginine at position 264 that is essential for a high affinity binding
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3398)
Kamarulzaman A, Razali K, Ariffin N, Tan LH, Lee CK;;;; University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Improved survival following HAART has been documented in numerous cohorts and population groups throughout the developed world. Our aim was to assess survival following initiation of HAART in a developing country setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis of survival in a cohort of patients from the two mai
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3399)
Marston M, Zaba B, Solomon J, Brahmbhatt H, Bagenda D;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Estimating the net effect of HIV on Child mortality in African populations affected by generalised HIV epidemics For a given prevalence level, HIV has a higher relative impact on child mortality when background mortality from other causes is low. In order to project the overall effect that the epidemic will
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3400)
Odoyo J, Hawken M, Nganga L, Kamau P, Temmerman M, De Cock KM, Marum E;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
Couple VCT and identification of discordant couples (one partner seropositive) present important opportunities for HIV prevention Methods: To describe the frequency and characteristics of couples with discordant HIV test results attending VCT in 3 cities in Kenya , data from 19 VCT sites in Nairobi, Kisumu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3401)
O'Brien ME, Msamanga GI, Saathoff E, Hunter D, Fawzi WW;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
Although anemia is prevalent among HIV-positive African women, few studies have examined the effect of anemia on mortality in this group. Upcoming plans to provide antiretrovirals, in particular, zidovudine, may increase background rates of anemia. We examined hemoglobin (Hgb), CD4 cell count, and mortality
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3402)
Cu-Uvin S;;;; The Miriam Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
The blood and genital tract may act as separate compartments for HIV-1. We sought to determine whether virologic failure occurs earlier in the blood or genital tract in women who are being prospectively followed during successful antiretroviral therapy. Methods: The study involved 47 HIV-infected women who
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3403)
Minga KA, Huet C, Abo Y, Dohoun HL, Danel C, Coulibaly A, Konate S, Salamon R;;;; PAC-CI PROGRAM, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
To document the clinical evolution of HIV-1 infected seroconverters in Africa where few data are avaible. Methods: Among the 187 HIV-1 and one HIV-1+2 infected seroconverters included in a prospective cohort constituted among regular blood donors in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire , we selected those who were asy
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3405)
Singer DE, Sateren WB, Sanchez JL, Renzullo PO, Birx DL;;;; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD, United States
This study describes and compares the survival of HIV-infected and matched HIV-negative US Army active duty personnel identified between 1985 and 2001. Methods: The US Army routinely tests active duty personnel for infection with HIV-1. All cases identified between 1985 and 2001 were matched to controls (on
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3406)
Sateren WB, Renzullo PO, Sanchez JL, Singer DE, Birx DL;;;; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD, United States
This study describes the mortality of HIV infected and uninfected civilian applicants for US military service to compare causes of death occurring from 1985 to 2001. Methods: Fact, date and cause of death were determined through the National Death Index Plus. Cox proportional hazards models were used to com
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3407)
Rangsin R, Roengyutikarn C, Sirisopana C, Khamboonruang C, Nelson K;;;; Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bankok, Thailand
The information related to early HIV associated conditions in developing countries is limited. The objective of the study was to identify the early HIV associated conditions during the first 6 years after HIV-1 seroconversion among young Thai men. Methods: Men (N=235) who had seroconverted to HIV when obser
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3408)
Shah S, Smith CJ, Lampe FC, Youle MS, Johnson MA, Phillips AN, Sabin CA;;;; Royal Free and University College Medical School & Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Introduction: Anaemia appears to be a strong independent prognostic marker of HIV disease progression and death. With the increasing number of women infected, we examined gender differences in anaemia in relation to disease progression, the effect of HAART on haemoglobin (Hb) levels and the use of Hb as a prognostic ma
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3409)
Roseman H, Edwards J, Bartholomew C;;;; Medical Research Foundation Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
The Caribbean has the second highest prevalence of HIV infection in the world and the cost burden of antiretroviral and opportunistic infection therapy is tremendous for these countries. In many first world countries, the median time to development of AIDS is more than twelve years, due to the control of op
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3410)
Gopalakrishnan A; Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda
Identifying the initial acute stage of HIV infection is difficult because HIV rapid tests are antibody rather than antigen-based. However, identifying people in this stage is clinically valuable as it can be used to develop early treatment therapies. Two cohorts of heterosexual HIV discordant couples in Kig
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3411)
Gupta RM, Seth P, Bhardwaj JR, Prasad VV, Sahni AK;;;; Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
In India HIV1subtype C predominates. Subtype C is likely to be the most common subtype transmitted worldwide. In contrast only 7% of available HIV-1 sequence data is from subtype C. Sequencing of subgenomic regions may not be ideal for characterization of the so called mosaic genomes. Hence, the need to ana
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3412)
Qiu Z, Hui X, Shao Y;;;; NCAIDS/STDs China CDC, Beijing, China
Two different BC recombinant HIV-1 strains have arisen and begun to circulate among IDUs in China . To trace the early recombinant forms of HIV-1 subtype B and subtype C. Methods: Thirty specimens were collected from consenting IDUs in 1996 who were infected in early nineties in Ruili City, the birthplace o
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3413)
Alikina YI, Sukhanova AL, Gibadulin RG, Kazennova EV, Zverev SY, Pokrovsky VV, Bobkov AF;;;; Regional AIDS Centre, Perm, Russian Federation
In 2002-2003, the main centre of HIV-1 epidemic in Russia transferred to the large industrial cities in the Urals. By January, 1, 2004, the number of HIV-1 infections registered in Perm region oblast reached 4,915 and 86% of the cases with known risk factors were IDUs. This study was undertaken to investiga
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3414)
van Sighem AI, van ValkenGoed IG, Op de Coul E, Back NK, Jurriaans S, Schuurman R, Boucher C, Schutten M, Osterhaus A, Claas E, Kroes L, de Wolf F;;;; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
We studied demographic changes in the HIV-infected population and the introduction of non-B subtypes in the Netherlands . Methods: HIV-1 infected patients with known gender, country of birth, year of diagnosis and transmission route were selected from the ATHENA observational cohort. If available, HIV-1 sub
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3415)
Kijak GH, Tovanabutra S, Sanders-Buell E, Watanaveeradej V, Kim R, de Souza M, Brown AE, Birx DL, McCutchan FE;;;; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, United States
The Thai HIV-1 epidemic is rapidly evolving, with the circulation of subtype B, CRF01_AE and their recombinants. Subtype C and C-containing strains, found in neighboring countries, are expected to impact the HIV-1 genetic diversity in Thailand . A Multi-region Hybridization Assay (MHAbce) (Watanaveeradej et
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3416)
Lan YC, Elbeik T, Lai CF, Chen KT, Leu HS, Cheng SH, Wong WW, Wong JC, Chen YM;;;; AIDS Prevention and Research Center, Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Previously, we have conducted molecular epidemiology (ME) of HIV-1 in Taiwan from 1988 to 1998 (JAIDS2001;26:274-282). The purposes of this study were 1.to continue the ME to monitor the trend of the distribution of different HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in different high-risk gro
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3417)
Balode D, Ferdats A, Leitner T, Konicheva V, Kolupajeva T;;;; Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
Local, explosive outbreaks of HIV-1 infections among intravenous drug users (IDUs) caused by closely related variants have been reported in several countries around the Baltic since 1996. The first case of HIV in Latvia was registered in 1987. During the period from 1987 until the end of 1997, HIV was transmitted in La
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3418)
Devare SG, Bodelle P, McArthur CP, Vallari A, Coffey R, Yamaguchi J, Beyeme M, Schochetman G, Brennan CA;;;; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, United States
HIV-1 group M, N, and O arose from separate zoonotic transmissions into humans. All three viral groups cause AIDS and have similar phenotypic properties. Yet, group N and O remain rare and primarily restricted to Cameroon while group M has caused a worldwide pandemic. To date, there are only 6 reported case
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3419)
Hackett J Jr, Holzmayer V, Swanson P, Ogunfile M, Thomas-Bassir M, Adebiyi A, Devare SG, Schochetman G, Hay P;;;; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
HIV-1 is characterized by extensive genetic diversity. Within group M, there are 9 subtypes (A-D, F-H, K) and 15 circulating recombinant forms (CRF). In Western Europe, subtype B predominates, but increasing numbers of non-B infections are being observed. In many countries, >20% of new infections are non-su
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3420)
Wang SF, Yang JY;;;; Center for disease control, Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
There are important questions about epidemiologic transmission patterns as well as the possibility that genetic and phenotypic differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) affect transmissibility, infectivity, pathogenicity, and response to threapy and vaccines. To delinate the genetic heterog
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3421)
Kazennova EV, Bobkov AF, Selimova LM, Khanina TA, Bobkova MR, Sukhanova AL, Kravchenko AV, Ladnaya NN, Pokrovsky VV, Weber JN;;;; The D.I.Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Since 1996, Russia has been experiencing an explosive HIV-1 epidemic among IDUs with stringent predominance of the subtype A variant (IDU-A). However, in 2002-2003, the main centre of HIV-1 epidemic transferred to the industrial cities in the Urals and Siberia, and by January 2004, 264,996 HIV-1 cases were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3422)
Eyer-Silva WA, Basilio-de-Oliveira CA, Morgado MG;;;; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
the AIDS epidemic in Brazil is spreading from the large urban centers to small counties and rural areas, yet few data on the features of HIV-1 infection in these places is available. Such spread will likely pose formidable medical, social and logistic challenges. To better understand local epidemiologic pat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3423)
Burger H, Philpott S, Schroeder T, Weiser B, Bengualid V, Rowland-Jones S, Plummer F, Kimani F, Anzala A, Lamson D, Brunner C;;;; Wadsworth Center, NY State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
The HIV-1 epidemic has been characterized by the dominance of distinct viral clades in different regions of the world. Recombination among different HIV-1 subtypes has also been documented. While recombination may occur in any portion of the HIV-1 genome, traditional subtyping methods are usually limited to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3424)
Ramirez de Arellano E, Soriano V, Holguin A;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
The interaction of sequence-specific transcription factors with the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) controls viral transcription activation. Methods: The LTR region, including regulatory, enhancer, promoter and Tar regions, was genetically analyzed in proviral DNA of 54 HIV-1-infected patients carrying non
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3425)
Arroyo MA, Hoelscher M, Schoen G, Samky E, Maboko L, Hoffmann O, Robb MR, Birx L, McCutchan FE;;;; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Research Institute, Division of Retrovirology, Silver Spring, United States
The assessment of HIV-1 genetic diversity is crucial to understand the requirements for an effective vaccine in East Africa. Vaccine development in East Africa is focused on prevalent subtypes A, C, and D. The objective of the study is to determine the HIV-1 subtype distribution in the Mbeya Region of South
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3426)
Brigido LF, Rodrigues R, Oliveira CA, Custodio RM, Lindoso JA, Ferreira JL, Bergel F, Carvalheiro J, Franco HM;;;; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Introduction: The free access to ARV as part of the Brazilian response to the AIDS epidemic may favor the emergence of resistance. We evaluated resistant mutations and diversity in 209 HIV infected individuals. Methods: 209 volunteers, 46 naïve to ARV, were analyzed at pol gene for HIV clade and the presence of resista
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3427)
Sides T, Akinsete O, Henry K, Wotton J, Bartkus J, Carr P, Fuller S;;;; Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, United States
Increasing HIV genetic diversity impacts testing, clinical monitoring, treatment and vaccine development. Novel HIV clades may be introduced via travel, return from military service and migration. Subtype B is the main HIV-1 variant in the US. While introduction of non-B subtypes to Europe has been document
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3428)
Meloni ST, Kim B, Sankale JL, Hamel D, Tovanabutra S, Mboup S, McCutchan FE, Kanki PJ;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate significant diversity in circulating strains of HIV-1. Detailed studies have revealed complex patterns of recombinations as well as evidence of sub-subtypes circulating in various populations. Our lab previously identified a group of viruses that formed a unique sub-cluster
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3429)
Straus WL, Cai B, Nikas A, Kallas E, Mbewe B, Pitisuttithum P, Schechter M, Vardas E, Wolfe N, Mast C, Gupta S, Freed D, Kublin J, Shiver J;;;; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, United States
HLA Class I genes (A, B, and C) are highly polymorphic, encode for molecules binding viral antigen epitopes, and are critical for induction of cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte (CTL) response. Development of an epitope-based HIV vaccine that induces CTL response implies the need to address HLA polymorphism in pat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3430)
Salminen MO, Ustina V, Zetterberg V, Zilmer K, Kalikova N, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Leinikki P;;;; KTL HIV-laboratory, Helsinki, Finland
In Eastern Europe, HIV epidemics are mostly associated to injecting drug use (IDU), and are caused by a strain belonging to genetic subtype A. In the summer of 2000, an explosive epidemic among injecting drug users was detected in Estonia , resulting in over 3000 newly reported cases by the end of 2003. The
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3431)
Teixeira SL, Bastos FI, Telles PR, Hacker M, Morgado MG;;;; Laboratory of AIDS & Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Injection drug users (IDUs) play an important role in HIV-1 blood transmission and constitute a key source for the dissemination of HIV-1 subtypes, due to their exposure to parenterally and sexually-transmitted infections and difficulties to comply with clinical follow-up. In a context of universal access t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3432)
Vandasova J, Linka M, Bruckova M, Reinis M, Stankova M;;;; National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
Studies of HIV-1 subtypes are important for the molecular epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. Methods: RNA from plasma of HIV-1 positive patients was extracted and used for PCR amplification of env and gag fragments. The sequencing was performed by the ABI Prism 310 DNA sequencer. The sequences covering approximately
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3433)
Sierra M, Thomson MM, Casado G, Najera R;;;; CNM Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
in Cuba , a high diversity of genetic forms has been described in partial sequences, including subtypes B and G and two novel circulating recombinant forms (CRF) of probable African ancestry, as well as diverse unique mosaic viruses recombinant between the circulating strains. Materials and methods: Near fu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3434)
Nagadenahalli Byrareddy S, Dash PK, Mahadevan A, Narayana J, Ravi V, Shankar SK, Shankarappa R, Ranga U;;;; Jawaharalal Nehru centre for advanced Scientific research, & National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
HIV-1 subtype C viruses are associated with nearly half of Worldwide HIV-1 infections and are most predominant in India and the southern and eastern parts of Africa. Earlier reports from India had identified the preponderance of subtype C and a small proportion of subtype A viruses. Subsequent reports identifying multi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3435)
Sierra M, Thomson MM, Casado G, Miralles C, Delgado E, Ocampo A, Perez-Alvarez L, Contreras G, Medrano L, Najera R;;;; CNM Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
The frequent generation of HIV-1 unique recombinants in diverse areas attests to the common occurrence of dual interclade infections. Detection of dual infections may depend on the clinical material used and on the sensitivity of the method. Materials and methods: an Argentinean woman living in Galicia (Nor
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3436)
Bassani S, Rodriguez C, Toro C, Holguin A, del Romero J, Alvarez P, Soriano V;;;; Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Spain has experienced a significant increase in the immigrant population during the last 5 years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of different human retroviral infections among immigrants and to evaluate their impact on the Spanish Public Health System. Methods: From January to D
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3437)
Ceballos A, Rabinovich RD, Scarlatti G, Losso M, Weissenbacher M, Carr J, Martinez Peralta L;;;; National Reference Center of AIDS, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Genetic characterization of HIV-1 in Argentina showed that recombinant B/F subtype was the most prevalent genetic form among heterosexual men and women and IDUs, while in men who have sex with men (MSM) subtype B is the most prevalent. However, systematic search of dual infection has not been done. The goal
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3438)
Sanchez GI, Carrion G, Eyzaguirre L, Arias S, Negrete M, Montano SM, Perez J, Russell KL, Sateren W, Carr JK, Sanchez JL, Olson JG;;;; Group Infection and Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
From July 2001 to January 2002, 249 HIV-infected patients in Medellin, Colombia , were invited to participate in a study aimed at defining the infecting genotypes and associated risk factors. Of the 208 men that participated, most (83%) reported a sexual route of transmission (30% heterosexual, 23% homosexual, 46% bise
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3439)
Bezemer D, van Sighem AI, Prins M, Prins J, Back NK, Jurriaans S, van der Hoek L, Berkhout B, Schuurman R, Boucher C, Schutten M, Osterhaus A, Claas E, Kroes L, Coutinho R, de Wolf F;;;; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Several studies show that 10-30% of new HIV-1 infections bear mutations conferring drug-resistance. Here we report the prevalence of resistant HIV-1 strains among new infections in the Netherlands between 1994 and 2002. Methods: New HIV-infections were identified within the ATHENA observational cohort, the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3440)
Hamel DJ, Mullins C, Eisen G, Thakore S, Gueye-NDiaye A, Mboup S, Kanki P;;;; Harvard University, SPH, IID, Boston, MA, United States
Since 1985, all consenting female sex workers registering at the Institut d Hygiene Sociale clinic have been enrolled in a prospective study of HIV and STD infections. We have characterized the subtypes of HIV-1 viruses for the past 19 years in this high-risk population. Methods: HIV screening was done by
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3441)
Arroyo MA, Robb MR, Jagodzinski L, Kiwanuka N, Kiddagavu M, Wabire F, Wawer M, Gray R, Birx DL, McCutchan FE;;;; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Research Institute, Division of Retrovirology, Silver Spring, United States
Cohort development and HIV surveillance studies have been conducted to characterize the site for phase III evaluation of candidate vaccines. Information on HIV-1 subtype and viral burden among seroconverters is crucial to plan vaccine trials in East Africa. The objective of this study is to conduct populati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3442)
Chequer-Fernandez SL, Rodrigues CA, Campos-Melo DL, Pilotto JH, Morgado MG;;;; Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Depto of Immunology-IOC/ Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
HIV-1 presents a high genetic diversity, with at least 11 subtypes/sub-subtypes and 15 CRFs already described. The implications of such variability for pathogenicity and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy are still under evaluation. Methods: To investigate the prevalence of the HIV-1 subtypes in Rio de Jane
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3443)
Rios M, Fernandez J, Jaramillo P, Cepeda L, Paredes V, San Martin C, Sanchez JL, Laguna-Torres VA, Russell K, Carr JK, Ramirez E;;;; Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
A broad range of genetic heterogeneity that reflects the dynamic and complex nature of the virus and the epidemic characterizes HIV-1. It is very scarce the information about the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Chile . We report the genetic typing of HIV-1 from Chilean infected patients. Methods: We repo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3444)
Pollakis G, Paxton WA;;;; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
It is not established whether different subtypes translate to differences in disease progression. The worldwide expansion and dominance of subtype C and the speed by which AE has spread in Thailand are indications of differences between the subtypes. Those differences have not been related to differences in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3445)
Cesaire R, Dos Santos G, Ouka M, Cabie A, Abel S, Liautaud B, Lamaury I, Goeber-Sow MT, Belleoud A, Bissuel F, Couppie P, Sobesky M;;;; Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie, CHU, Fort-de-France, Martinique
The Caribbean is a doorway between Europe, Africa and the American continent. This situation has important consequences on the epidemiology of HIV infection, as reflected by molecular epidemiology studies. HIV-1 subtype B predominates, as well as in the United States and Europe. However, significant differe
The effect of HIV-1 subtype and drug therapy on genotypic resistance evolution is not well defined. Tracking drug resistance as global drug access and therapy increase requires an accessible application to monitor the drug resistance evolution and to interpret genotypic resistance in non-B subtypes. Methods
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3447)
Hu Z, Wang D, Yang S, Ye D, Cao H, Zhang X;;;; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University & School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
We investigated the STD/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among market vendors (MVs) in China , including STDs/HIV prevalence and its predictors. Methods: Three congregating trading markets (CTMs) were selected among 30 ones in Hefei city, Anhui province. 752 market vendors were randomly sa
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3448)
Gordeiko VA;;;; Brest State University, Brest, Belarus
According to the WHO and UNAIDS estimation, the most rapid growth of the HIV epidemics occurs in the Eastern Europe, in particular, in Russia and Ukraine . Belarus also features dramatic increase in the number of people living with HIV.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3449)
Tuan NA, Fylkesnes K, Thang BD, Hien NT, Long NT, Kinh NV, Thang PH, Quoc NC, Manh PD;;;; The National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
To study patterns and determinants of HIV prevalence and risk behaviour characteristics in different population groups and geographical areas. Methods: Five different population groups were selected and surveyed (first half of 2002) in five provinces. Stratified random cluster sampling was used for all grou
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3450)
Jablonowska E, Kuydowicz J, Malolepsza E;;;; Medical University, Lodz, Poland
Poland has 38mln inhabitants and belongs to middle-european countries with a low prevalence and incidence of HIV infection. Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemy to June 2003, 8149 HIV infections, 1297 AIDS cases and 630 fatal cases have been registered. The AIDS out patient setting in Lodz provides health care
Prevalences of hepatitis B (HBV) surface antigen (Ag HBs), antibodies to hepatitis C (HCV) and to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Republic of Djibouti remain to be determined.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3453)
Saraceni V, Lauria LM, Cruz MM, Durovni B;;;; Rio de Janeiro City Health Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
After introduction of HAART in 1996, AIDS deaths decreased in countries with access to HAART. In RJC, AIDS-related mortality was reduced >50% from 1996 to 2001. Since 1998 cases are also reported based on CD4 counts
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3454)
Morrison CS, Richardson BA, Celentano DD, Chipato T, Mmiro F, Mugerwa R, Padian NS, Rugpao S, Cornelisse P, Salata RA;;;; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
Hormonal contraception (HC) is used by over 125 million women worldwide but the impact of HC use on the risk of HIV acquisition remains unclear. Methods: Since 1999, we ve been conducting a longitudinal cohort study of HIV-negative women in Thailand , Uganda , and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3455)
Orroth KK, Freeman EE, White RG, Bakker R, Buve A, Glynn JR, Hayes RJ;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
The Multicentre study on the heterogeneity of HIV epidemics in Africa highlighted lack of male circumcision as one of the most important factors which may explain the much higher prevalence of HIV in East Africa relative to West Africa. The objective of this study was to assess this hypothesis using the mic
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3456)
Ao TT, Sam NE, Masenga EJ, Seage GR III, Kapiga SH;;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
1050 women working in bars/hotels in Moshi, Tanzania were enrolled from Dec 02 to Nov 03 in a cohort study to determine incidence of HIV-1 and other STDs. The current analysis presents baseline results of HIV-1 prevalence and associated risk factors. Methods: Women were interviewed using a standardized ques
Backgroud: Uganda has been internationally hailed for its successful HIV/AIDS control programme having reduced the HIV prevalence from about 30% in the early nineties to the current level of 6-7%. Internationally, HIV levels in the military have been reported to be on average higher than in the general civilian populat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3458)
Bulterys M, Parekh BS, Chao A, Dobbs T, Dushimimana A, Karita E, Byers RH, Song R, McDougal JS;;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
CDC developed a BED-CEIA assay that detects increasing levels of anti-HIV IgG following seroconversion to identify recent infection and to estimate HIV-1 incidence among persons infected with diverse HIV-1 subtypes (ARHR 2002;18:295). This assay could be particularly useful in resource-limited settings wher
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3459)
Paul S, Lindan CP, Ekstrand ML, Hernandez A, Stein ES, Setia M, Kumta S, Moncada JE, Jerajani HR, Mathur M, D'Souza B, Gogate A;;;; CAPS Mumbai, Mumbai, India
Male STI patients continue to be at high risk for HIV in Mumbai, India . Methods: STI patients were recruited from 2 public health clinics as part of large ongoing intervention trial. Data were obtained on demographics, risk behavior, HIV and STIs. Results: 1,535 men were recruited at baseline; mean age was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3460)
Hsu LC, Schwarcz S;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard of care for persons with HIV/AIDS in the United States and can delay disease progression and death. However, even in an industrialized city with extensive medical services for persons with HIV/AIDS, not all infected persons are receiving ART. We used AIDS surveil
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3461)
Adimora AA, Schoenbach VJ, Martinson FE, Donaldson KH, Stancil TR, Fullilove RE;;;; UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
We conducted a case-control study to identify new risk factors for heterosexually transmitted HIV among African Americans (AAs) in the southern US, a population whose rates have climbed in recent years. Methods: Household interviews were conducted with AAs, 18 - 59 years old, who had either been reported to
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3462)
Mehendale SM, Kishore Kumar B, Ghate MV, Sahay S, Gamble T, Godbole SV, Gangakhedkar RR, Divekar AD, Risbud AR, Paranjape RS, Bollinger RC;;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
In India , the HIV/AIDS epidemic is reaching individuals, primarily women, through their spouses. Identification of HIV discordant couples and prevention of transmission to uninfected partners is an important public health goal. We studied the profile of HIV discordant couples and estimated the secondary tr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3463)
Hesketh T, Tang F, Wang ZB, Huang XM, Williams D, Cubitt DW, Tomkins AM;;;; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
There is a dearth of population-based data for HIV in China . This study was carried-out to explore the epidemiology of HIV, and to compare it with that of syphilis, at population level in young Chinese adults. Methods: The study was carried-out in six areas of three Chinese provinces: Zhejiang, Yunnan and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3464)
Myer L, Denny L, De Souza M, Barone M, Wright TC, Kuhn L;;;; School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Intravaginal practices (IVP), such as douching and dry sex, have been suggested to increase women s risk of HIV infection. However existing evidence comes from cross-sectional studies, and there have been few prospective designs that can clarify possible reverse causality. Methods: 4083 women were tested fo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3465)
Pape JW, Deas Van Onacker JD, Cayemittes M, Deschamps MM, Verdier RI, Severe PD, Fitzgerald DW, Johnson WD;;;; Weill Medical College of Cornell University and Centres GHESKIO, New York and Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Since 1985 Haiti has had a generalized HIV epidemic and was considered the most affected country outside of Africa. HIV rapid spread was accelerated by high rates of STIs, poverty, and political instability. Experts predicted a doubling of the prevalence rate. In the last decade, the Ministry of Health (MOH), a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3466)
Kapiga SH, Sam NE, Mlay J, Aboud S, Ballard R, Larsen U, Masenga E, Shao J;;;; Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
The spread of HIV in Africa has been assessed largely by using data from selected populations. We recently conducted a community-based study to determine risk factors for HIV in a representative sample of women and their male partners in Moshi district of northern Tanzania . Methods: Households (HH) in e
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3467)
Alwano MG, Roels TH, Mwasalla V, Ramosweu M, Molosiwa R, Mokomane M, Kilmarx PH;;;; BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana
Since April 2000, a network of 16 freestanding Tebelopele VCTCs in Botswana has provided VCT services with same-day results with more than 100,000 client visits. While the program has been concerned that only 3.7% of clients were seen as couples, little attention was drawn to the issue of HIV discordance am
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3468)
Meehan A, Chidanyika A, Naidoo S, Didier L, Ramjee G, Chipato T, Dinat N, Ellertson C, Padian N;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
Over half of all HIV infections in Southern Africa are among women. Women are more vulnerable for biological, economic, and social reasons. Methods: The Methods for Reproductive Health in Africa (MIRA) study is an ongoing randomized controlled trial of 4500 women in Zimbabwe (Harare) and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3469)
Celentano DD, SriKrishnan AK, Sivaram S, Balakrishnan P, Sripaipan T, Johnson S, Go VF, Mayer K, Solomon S;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
India is reported to have the 2nd largest number of HIV cases worldwide; limited surveillance data in Tamil Nadu point to a generalized epidemic. We determined HIV/STD prevalence and behavioral risks in the general population and in high risk groups in Chennai city using random sampling methodologies.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3470)
Pettifor AE, Rees HV, Steffenson A, Madikizela L, MacPhail C, Vermaak K, Kleinschmidt I;;;; Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
Introduction: Although few national HIV prevalence surveys have been conducted to date, these surveys allow for an understanding of HIV infection in the general population, and the development of the epidemic over time. Methods: Using data from a nationally representative HIV prevalence survey of young South Africans a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3471)
Mehta SH, Gupta A, Brahme R, Kohli R, Joglekar N, Sahay S, Godbole SV, Joshi S, Ghate MV, Gangakhedkar RR, Divekar AD, Reynolds SJ, Risbud A, Mehendale SM, Bollinger RC;;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
A high HIV prevalence (14%) among monogamous women attending STI clinics in Pune, India from 1993-96 has previously been reported. We investigated whether HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among monogamous women attending STI clinics changed over time. Methods: From 1993-2002, 3227 women attending 3 STI cli
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3472)
Sopheab H, Fylkesnes K, Vun MC;;;; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
National surveillance has shown HIV prevalence levels of 29% among direct sex workers (DSWs), 15% among indirect commercial sex workers (IDSWs), and about 3% in the general adult population. We study HIV risk behaviours and their determinants in different population groups. Methods: Ten population groups in
To evaluate HIV seroprevalence in adults and adolescents in Burundi thanks to an investigation in the community in order to provide estimated figures about the epidemic that may be used in programs to fight HIV/AIDS. This study evaluate the HIV seroprevalence in people aged 12 and beyond. Methods: Sampling
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3475)
Truong TM;;;; Khanh Hoa Provincial Health Service, Nha Trang City, Vietnam
To describle the status and trends of HIV/AIDS in Khanh Hoa province from 1993 to 2003. Method: Cross sectional survey, Conducting the HIV/AIDS epidemiological surveillance program to evaluate in Khanh Hoa since 1993. HIV testing strategy base on guidelines for HIV/AIDS surveillance of national Institute of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3476)
Coffee MP, Garnett GP, Lurie MN;;;; Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
In South Africa , antenatal HIV prevalences rose in one decade from under 1% to over 20% as the disease spread through isolated rural areas. With the end of apartheid in South Africa, mobility has increased and circular labour migration has persisted, possibly disseminating the disease widely. Migrants are
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3477)
Auvert B, Ferry B;;;; INSERM U88, Paris, France
To examine the potential role of male circumcision and sexual behaviour in explaining the heterogeneity of the spread of HIV in Africa and to estimate the potential impact of interventions based on these factors in comparison with condom use. Methods: Stochastic computer simulations were performed using a m
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3478)
Celentano DD, Sivaram S, Srikrishnan AK, Latkin CA, Anand S, Sripaipan T, Solomon S; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
Alcohol use and behavioral expectancies following alcohol use are suggested as factors influencing risky sexual behavior. However, these associations have been largely unexplored in India where alcohol has become widely available. We sought to understand associations between alcohol use and risky sex in Che
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3479)
Onoja AJ, Shehu M, Abu A, Odama L, Inyang US, Nasidi A;;;; Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
Nigeria a country of more than 120 million people is experiencing a wide spreading epidemic of HIV/AIDS Latest nation wide sentinel survey among women attending antenatal clinics indicate a prevalence rate of more than 5.8%. Few data exist on prevalence of HIV-1 among the various risk groups. This study aim
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3481)
Hsu LC, Ikard K, Kahn JG, Schwarcz S;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
Standard of care for persons with HIV/AIDS includes regular monitoring and evaluation of disease progression and use of antiretroviral therapy. Estimating and identifying populations that receive insufficient medical care for HIV/AIDS is necessary for targeting health care resources. We determined the propo
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3482)
Tancredi MV, Tayra A, Caminada S, Guibu IA, Ruiz EC, Santos NJ, Kalichman AO, Gianna MC;;;; Referral and Trainning Centers for Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Aids Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
To analyze trends in incidence, mortality and prevalence of Aids in the State of Sao Paulo, in adults and adolescents, from 1985 to 2000. Methods: Study performed with data from cases of Aids and deaths, reported to Epidemiological Surveillance of Sao Paulo State Program on STD/AIDS. Trends in 102,564 cases
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3483)
Naik EG, Furlonge C, Menezes L, Beharry N, Persad A, Tash K, Sinnott J;;;; University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
Recent estimates suggest that the prevalence rate for HIV/AIDS in the Carribean region is second only to the African nations. Despite several years into the epidemic, ongoing awareness campaigns and some prevention programs, it is evident that the epidemic has not abated. This study was designed to investig
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3484)
Bajpai M, Rao UV, Sharma RR, Marwaha N, Agnihotri SK;;;; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Trends in HIV seroprevalence in blood donors over a period of time is an useful epidemiologic indicator. As mandatory HIV testing is done at all blood banks across the country, data from this source can be easily obtained as compared to the more expensive and cumbersome community based studies. T
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3485)
Roux SM, Fielding KL, Day JH, Moloi V, Magcuntsu E, Mantsoe I, Grant AD, Churchyard GJ;;;; Aurum Health Research, Orkney, South Africa
Population-based data on HIV incidence in a range of settings are needed to plan studies to evaluate candidate HIV vaccines. We estimated HIV incidence among mineworkers in South Africa who were recruited to a cohort as part of the evaluation of a community sexually transmitted infections (STI) intervention
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3486)
Mosoko JJ, Zekeng L, Macauley IB, Mbanya D, Kembou E, Koulla SS, Musi SS, Tsague L, Menyeng L;;;; National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
Antenatal care clinic-based surveillance systems have been widely used to estimate general population HIV seroprevalence. Until 2000 in Cameroon HIV sentinel sites have covered mainly urban areas. Expansion of sites in 2002 to obtain better coverage of rural populations enabled update of the existing HIV su
Sentinel surveys show that women in Benue state have the highest HIV rate in the country, but because these surveys are anonymized and unlinked, not much is known about risk factors which predispose the women to the disease. This study was carried out to identify risk factors for HIV/AIDS in this community.
Introduction: To estimate the residual risk of HIV transmission through blood and blood products understanding of HIV prevalence in blood donors is essential. Materials & methods: In this cross sectional retrospective study, we reviewed 615790 donor forms to find out of HIV+ cases (in blood donors in 1998-2002 in S
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3489)
Michelo C, Fylkesnes K;;;; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka , Zambia
Most studies from sub-Saharan Africa suggest a positive association between educational attainment and HIV infection, i.e. more educated at higher risk. However, some studies conducted in matured epidemics have reported a shift towards reduced risk differentials. We investigate change over time in HIV preva
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3490)
Shisana O, Connolly C, Stoker D, Colvin M, Simbayi L;;;; HSRC, Cape Town, South Africa
To determine the HIV prevalence in the South African population and to investigate risk factors for HIV. Methods: A national sample of 10, 197 households was selected. One child (2-14 years), one youth (15-24 years) and one adult (25 years and older) were randomly selected from each household. Consenting res
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3491)
Connolly CA, Shisana O, Simbayi L, Colvin M;;;; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
HIV infection remains highly prevalent in South Africa . Male circumcision has been shown to be protective for the acquisition of HIV in other African countries. It is important to determine if this association is evident in South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional, national household-based survey was condu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3492)
Loo V, McNaghten AD, Dube H, Hader S;;;; Centers for Disease Control, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, United States
Although many sub-saharan African countries have data on HIV prevalence and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young antenatal women, few have these data among young men. Examining the patterns of HIV infection and history of STI symptoms in young men may help identify periods when interventions c
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3493)
Sanda TA, Boisier P, Louboutin-Croc JP, Hama BM, Hamidou AA, Aliou S;;;; CILS, Niamey, Niger
The first case of AIDS in Niger has been notified in 1987. Ever since HIV infection surveillance has been monitored through sentinel surveys targeted on pregnant women (seroprevalence ranging from 1.4% to 5.5%). The only appropriate way to precisely assess the seroprevalence of HIV infection in general popu
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3494)
Marum L, Muttunga J, Cheluget B, Otieno F, De Cock KM, Chebet KL;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
In generalized HIV epidemics in Africa is has been assumed that prevalence in adult women is similar to that of adult men, though few national serosurveys have been conducted to confirm this assumption. Methods: Using a national population sample for the KDHS+, 3153 women 2879 men aged 15-49 years were test
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3495)
Mundandi C, Garnett GP, Voeten HA, Nyamukapa CA, Habbema D, Gregson S;;;; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
Recent national ANC-based estimates suggest that HIV prevalence is stabilising in Zimbabwe - one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa most affected by HIV/AIDS. We use population-based data from a large-scale open cohort study in 12 communities in Manicaland province to examine trends in HIV prevalence an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3496)
Sinprajakpol J, Plipat T, Rattanasuporn N;;;; Pattani Public Health Office, Pattani, Thailand
HIV epidemic among fishermen in Pattanee has already been documented. The prevalence among this population was as high as 27.8% in 1996. This study describes the impact of this outbreak. Method: All AIDS patients visited the public hospitals in Pattanee had been registered to the provincial database since 1
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3497)
Sangwanloy O, Plipat T, Rattanasuporn N;;;; Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease ControlMinistry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
Patients identified as having symptomatic HIV infection or AIDS have been reported to the Bureau of Epidemiology (BOE), the Thai Ministry of PublicHealth, since 1984. The AIDS case reporting system data are collected by public health service and private sector in all provinces and send to the provincial hea
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3499)
Otieno F, Munene F, Marum L, Cross A, Muttunga J, Chebet K;;;; Central Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya
Behavioural change programs have often relied on knowledge of AIDS and ways to avoid HIV as key indicators of awareness. However, for individual behavioural guidance and for access to care, knowledge of HIV infection status is critical. Methods: Using a national population sample for the KDHS+, 8195 women a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3500)
Angeletti C, Piselli P, Bidoli E, Bruzzone S, Pappagallo M, Puro V, Girardi E, Ippolito G, Serraino D;;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
The spread of HIV/AIDS epidemic in the late 80s reversed, in Italy as in most part of western countries, the decreasing trend of mortality for infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to point out the impact of the HIV/AIDS infection on the relative distribution of death causes according to gend
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3501)
Sierra M, Padgett D, Meza R;;;; World Vision Honduras, Tegucigalpa, MDC, Honduras
With nearly 7 million inhabitants and 16,000 AIDS cases, Honduras is one of the countries with the highest AIDS cumulative incidence in the continent. AIDS cases has been reported from all 18 departments and from all 256 municipalities. Although AIDS cases are concentrated in urban areas, there is concern a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3502)
Saphonn V, Mean CV, Ly PS, Sopheab H, Kaldor J, Detels R;;;; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
In planning for HIV prevention trial among women at high risk in Phnom Penh, it is crucial to have an estimate of current incidence in potential participants. Methods: Two different methods were used to indirectly estimate the incidence. 1) All positive specimens of brothel-based commercial sex workers (CSW
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3503)
Woelk GB, Kasprzyk D, Montano DE, Bittner AC Jr, Richard C;;;; NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial
A national survey of risk behaviours and STD/HIV was conducted in 32 rural growth point villages (GPs) in Zimbabwe as part of a cooperative international trial in 5 countries. The trial is using the Community Popular Opinion Leader Intervention to prevent STD/HIV. To establish risk prior to intervention, re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3504)
Watts C, Foss A, Heise LL, Vickerman P;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Current prevention options of abstinence, behaviour change and condom use are difficult for women in regular partnerships, yet there is limited investment in alternatives. In part this results from 3 assumptions: 1) that most HIV transmission occurs in casual or commercial sex 2) that transmission in stable
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3505)
Amone J;;;; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Sexual and reproductive health of adolescents is central to the general health of the population. It reflects health in childhood and sets the stage for health and life expectancy beyond the reproductive years. The situation is worse among internally displaced adolescents. Objectives: To describe the sexual
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3506)
Wiewel EW, Bennani Y, Ramaswamy C, Sackoff JE, Torian LV;;;; HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, United States
Since New York City (NYC) began HIV reporting in June 2000, non-Hispanic Black men have comprised the largest group of people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA) and new HIV and AIDS diagnoses. Prevalence among Black men varies by age and geography, as do concurrent HIV/AIDS diagnoses, suggesting barriers to ac
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3507)
Motta LR, De Souza RS, De Souza CT, Cavagnoli M, Bisi MC, Pasquali PB, Bertelli M, Aver AL, Mitchell CD;;;; HIV/AIDS Research Laboratory - Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
Inmate populations include a large number of individuals at risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to injection drug use, unsafe sex, body piercing and tattooing. Special strategies to identify and prevent HIV infection in these settings are needed. To assess acceptability of a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3509)
Absalon J, Fuller CM, Ompad DC, Galea S, Blaney S, Vlahov D;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Despite decreases in HIV incidence among injection drug users (IDU), all drug users are at continued risk for HIV because of high-risk sexual behaviors. Objectives: To determine the association between sexual partnerships and HIV seropositivity among male and female drug users in NYC. Methods: Cross-section
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3510)
Welz T, Herbst K;;;; The Africa Centre for Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa
HIV prevalence amongst antenatal clinic attendees in KwaZulu-Natal are amongst the highest in the world. Little is known about the prevalence of HIV in South Africa at population-level. Methods: Africa Centre Demographic Information System has been monitoring a circumscribed population of 85 000 people sinc
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3511)
Oyugi JO, Ogolla G, Otieno C, Oyugi F, Jaoko W, Bwayo J, Omu A;;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
To determine Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) high risk groups in a predominantly non Clade B HIV-1 population using estimated HIV-1 incidence based on DETUNED assay. DETUNED assay has been validated and used to estimate HIV-1 incidence in populations with HIV-1 clade B. Methods: Blood was obtained by ven
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3512)
Blanchard JF, Reza-Paul S, Ramesh BM, Moses S;;;; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
It has been argued that unsafe medical injections account for a substantial proportion of HIV transmission developing countries. We analyzed data from a community-based survey in rural India to determine the association between HIV infection and previous history of medical injections. Methods: A community-b
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3513)
O'Donnell MR, Knight SK, Campbell L, van Andel P, Zelnick JR, Rand W;;;; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, NY, United States
To identify factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) patient s uptake into an HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programme and to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) of TB patients in rural South Africa regarding HIV/AIDS. Methods: A case control study of adult TB clinic attendees.
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3514)
Mosam A, Irusen EM, Kagoro H, Stone C, Aboobaker J, Dlova CN;;;; Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
KwaZulu Natal is the epicentre of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic in South Africa with an antenatal seroprevalence of 38% in 2001. The prevalence, spectrum of skin disease and morbidity has been poorly documented in adult patients with skin disease. To assess and compare HIV frequ
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3515)
Otim TW, Mugyenyi PM, Ssali FS, Kityo CM;;;; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
Mortality and Morbidity is decreasing due to antiretroviral therapy,but patients are still hospitalized due to opportunistic infections. whereas Studies have shown that opportunistic infections are significantly reduced with ARV treatment there is little documentation on the post ARV prognosis of HIV in its
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3516)
Bukutu C, Anderson J, Elford J;;;; City University, London, United Kingdom
To compare the epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV being treated in East London with the rest of London, UK in 2002. Method: Data from Surveys of Prevalent HIV Infections Diagnosed (SOPHID) in the UK were analysed for 2002. The surveys are based on annual returns relating to all HIV patient
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3517)
Youssef ME;;;; MOHP, Alexandria, Egypt
The purpose of the current study was to assess the HIV/AIDS related knowlege and perceived threat and practices and their determinants among patients attending dermato venerology clinics and suspected to have STDs in Alexandria. Methods: a sample of 700 patients suspected to hace STDs were selected randomly from the se
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3518)
Chen WT, Han M;;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
Backgound: Officially, more than 850,000 Chinese have been diagnosed with HIV; and the number of people in China estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS is currently 1 million. Unless effective prevention strategies are rapidly implemented, 10 million Chinese are estimated to become infected with HIV by the end of 2010. T
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3519)
Hurkchand HP, Levin JB, Makuluma H;;;; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Miningtek, Johannesburg, South Africa
2 cross-sectional surveys were conducted in eMbalenhle community (Feb 2002) and Dunusa community mobile clinics (Nov 2001), to establish prevalence rates of HIV and STIs(C. Trachomatis and N.gonorrhoea). Methods: Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to the combined data from the two sites, with p
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3520)
Tounkara A, Noumsi TG, Hengel RL;;;; University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
Sub-Saharan Africa suffers the highest burden of HIV-infection in the world. However, HIV prevalence varies dramatically from region to region, with Mali having one of the lowest rates of HIV-infection in sub-Saharan Africa. This relatively low rate may reflect cultural and behavioral differences. Alternati
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3521)
Hojman MA;;;; Municipalidad de Malvinas Argentinas, Malvinas Argentinas, Argentina
Introduction: The HIV test is a crucial step in the incorporation of population to health systems. It s important to know the causes of taking the test to be able to direct the measures to attract patients(p) and to get an early diagnosis of HIV infection. To know the causes for HIV test request in the Malvi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3522)
Uche A, Elango JM;;;; Westlake Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Melrose Park, United States
There is a paucity of data on HIV related Oral diseases in the Cameroon . To establish the prevalence, sex and age distribution and oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS in patients referred to two major dental referral centers in Cameroon and compare these findings with those from other African countries. Method:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3523)
Wanyenze R, Liechty C, Bangsberg DR, Ronald A, Wabwire-Mangen F, Guzman D, Kamya M;;;; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is a critical intervention for HIV prevention. More than 50% of patients hospitalized on medical wards in Ugandan hospitals are seropositive for HIV. Despite this prevalence, free inpatient HIV VCT services are not usually available. However, inpatient VCT may not
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3524)
Griep RH, Silva SB, Bastos M, Telles SR, Correia F, Costa RM, Vasconcellos-Silva PR;;;; EEAN/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
The use of condoms is the alternative for safe sex in times like this. This study investigates gender differences in the association with risk behavior and condom use in sexual intercourse with non-steady partners. Methods: The research was extended to 903 women and 1188 men, ranging from 16 to 60 years old
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3525)
Vanig TJ, Williams CE, Guilonard K;;;; Spectrum Medical Group, Phoenix, United States
Epidemiologic studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, is a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease among healthy individuals. However CRP may be elevated in the presence of chronic infection such as HIV. Many studies also show increased CV disease in HIV patients. Wheth
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3526)
Kyrychenko PD;;;; Vinnitsa Pirogov National Medical University, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the two blood-bone pathogens most commonly transmitted among injection drug users via multy-person use of syringes and other injection equipment. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of HIV and HCV among injection drug users s
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3527)
Mehta NM, Bais CS, Purohit A, Haag A, Mora C, Harsh J, Prakash P, Sankhla P, Joshi N;;;; Association Francois Xavier Bagnoud, Jodhpur, India
India s HIV cases have increased from a few thousand in the early 1990s to more than 4.5 million by the end of 2002. The spread of HIV within the country is as diverse as the social patterns between its different regions, States and metropolitan areas. According to India s National AIDS Control Organization
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3528)
Raju RK, Rama P, Asha K, Gurnani V;;;; Department of Microbiology,Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences., Bellary., India
One third of the 42 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide are co-infected with tuberculosis . Approximately 90% of the people living with HIV die within a few months of becoming sick with TB, if they do not receive proper TB treatment. HIV is rapidly spreading in
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3529)
Herrera G, Sanabria A, Solano G;;;; Hospital Calderon Guardia, San Jose, Costa Rica
There is free access to HAART in Costa Rica , covered by Social Security System since October 1997. Approximately 4000 people have received antiretrovirals (ARV) improving their survival and quality of life. Although patients continue to die in these years. To determinate causes of death occurrin
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3530)
Simoes AA, Bastos FI, Ismerio R, Hacker M, Beck L, Knett T, Bueno C, Silva R, Barcelos R, Silva C, Ferreira R, Campagnuci E, Metzger DS;;;; Office of the Sate Health Secretary, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Drug users are vulnerable to infections transmitted by sex and/or blood. Drug treatment centers should integrate prevention into treatment. This study assessed risk behaviors and infection rates for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis in a sample of drug users seeking treatment in a drug treatment center (CENTRA-RI
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3531)
Rao AS, Konanur HS;;;; Central Government Health Scheme, Bangalore, India
Introduction: Health Care Providers are at risk of acquiring over 20 blood-borne pathogens including HIV. The commonest mode is through percutaneous injuries with sharps. Though the risk of HIV infection is only 0.09-0.3%, it is real, life-long and life-threatening. Universal Precautions significantly reduce the chance
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3532)
Rao AS, Konanur HS;;;; Central Government Health Scheme, Bangalore, India
Although Anti-Retroviral drugs have made it possible to offer treatment , we cannot neglect the preventive interventions, as they are more cost-effective. Unfortunately, lack of awareness and understanding among the Health Care Workers (HCWs) is also posing a big problem. Methods: HCWs working in Out-patien
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3533)
Cho Y, Lee H, Yang H, Foley BT;;;; Department of Microbiology University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Prior to 1990, Korean patients suffering from hemophilia B (HP B) were mainly treated with imported clotting factor 9 or other blood products. Domestic clotting factor (DCF), produced by non-heat inactivation processing, was supplied to almost all Korean HP B patients beginning in early 1990. When they were
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3534)
Gotuzzo E, Seas C, Echevarria J, Samalvides F, Maguina C, Verdonck K, Schrooten W, Vidal M;;;; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt/Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
The objective of this study is to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV patients at a large public hospital since the beginning of the epidemic in Peru . Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) in Lima. Demographic data we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3535)
Sabbatani S, Agostini D, Manfredi R, Chiodo F;;;; Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Although HAART introduction determined a drop of HIV-related morbidity-mortality,both time and trend of deaths among IVDU in relation with mode of exposure to HIV, and non-HIV-related death, are still unknown. Methods: Longitudinal 26-year study (1977-2002) of a cohort of 1214 IVDU of Bologna,
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3536)
White RG, Kedhar AL, Nakiyingi J, Orroth KK, Whitworth JA, Ruberantwari A, Hayes RJ, Grosskurth H;;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
It has been suggested that unsafe injections may be a major route of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the plausibility of this hypothesis using data from rural Masaka, Uganda and the microsimulation model STDSIM Methods: The proportion of HIV incidence due to unsafe injections, P(inj) was
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3537)
Hernando A, Garcia-Cerrada C, Pulido F, Rubio R, Hervas R, Cepeda C, Costa JR;;;; Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odon, Spain
During the last years the number of immigrants arriving at Spain has continously increased. Spanish Health System dispenses free medical care to all people living in Spain. To determine if these facts have any influence on the characteristics of the new patients attended in a monographic HIV-clinic in Madri
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3538)
Mpanya GI, Van Overloop CE, Kabamba TJ, Pedrique B, Zachariah R;;;; Programme National de la Lutte contre le Sida, Kinshasa, Congo, the Democratic Republic of fhe
A recent second generation surveillance study (June 2003) in Kinshasa, showed an HIV prevalence rate of 3,8% amongst pregnant women. We wished to assess HIV prevalence rates amongst Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs), patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), individuals with symptoms suggestive of H
To analyze the profile of HIV-1-infected (HIV+) patients admitted to a Critical Care Unit (CCU) in a tertiary hospital from January 1994 to December 2003. Methods: We review demographics and biological characteristics, reasons for admission and mortality. HIV+ were classified as Group 1: Known HIV-1 infecti
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3540)
Warley E, Desse J, Cetani S, Monetti S, Szyld E, Silva Nieto F;;;; Hospital Diego Paroissien, La Matanza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Gender differences are a major concern to develop intervention strategies of risk reduction, prevention and health care. We performed a survey to evaluate gender differences in one of the poorest districts of the suburbs of Buenos Aires, Argentina . Methods: We reviewed the clinical charts of patients who w
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3541)
Zaidi A, Zahiruddin M, Pervez MM, Sarker MS, Khan MR, Azim T;;;; ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
In Bangladesh a comprehensive system providing the complete range of voluntary counselling with testing (VCT) for HIV was lacking till 2002. Being a low prevalence country, efforts are focussed on HIV prevention in Bangladesh and the smaller number of people who are living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) lack services. As
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3542)
Martinson NA, Pronyk P, Mhlongo N, Heyer A, McIntyre J, Gray G, Steyn J;;;; Johns Hopkins University and Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
Despite political transition, the demography of South Africa is characterized by extremes, reflected in rural and urban contexts. In 2003, two primary care clinics for HIV/AIDS were established to better understand differences in patient profiles and clinical progress. One is located in Soweto, an urban tow
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3543)
Bouvet E, Tarantola AP, Rachline AC, Sow PS, Koumare AK, Diallo MB, Lolom I, Aka K, Ehui E, Abiteboul D;;;; GERES - Fac Medecine Bichat, Paris, France
Introduction: A cross-sectional study on accidental blood exposures (ABE) conducted by the GERES in 2000 in three West African countries (Bamako, Mali ; Dakar, Senegal ; Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire ) found high risks of ABE in health care workers (HCW). The collaborators founded a network, sharing ABE surveill
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3544)
Hughes DC, Muzizi S;;;; American Red Cross, Washington DC, United States
Worldwide, five to ten percent of HIV infection is transmitted through blood transfusions. Concurrently, a chronic shortage of blood exists with in Uganda the availability of approximately half the blood required. To address this shortfall while reducing HIV transmission through the transfusion route, the U
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3545)
Kojic EM, Cu-Uvin S, Carpenter CC;;;; Brown Medical School, Providence, United States
Comprehensive medical care has been provided to women with HIV infection at the Miriam Immunology Center in Rhode Island (RI) since 1986. Methods: Following initial evaluation, all women have had scheduled follow-up appointments at 3-4 monthly intervals. CD4 counts have been determined at each visit since i
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3546)
El-Bassel N, Gilbert L, Wu E, Chang M, Cheraquit R, Spevack T;;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are serious public health problems among women seeking care from low income, urban emergency departments (ED). This NIMH-funded study examined the prevalence of physical and sexual IPV and the relationship between IPV and sexual HIV risk behaviors among women recruite
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3547)
Gay CL, Napravnik S, Eron JJ;;;; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
Access to antiretroviral therapy remains a concern in developing and developed countries. HIV is increasing disproportionately in the southeastern US where patients frequently present with advanced immunosuppression. Because antiretroviral therapy prior to advanced HIV decreases morbidity and mortality, we
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3548)
Zamudio C, Seas C, Hernandez K, Ramos E, Verdonck K, Maguina C, Echevarria J, Legua P, Gotuzzo E;;;; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
The HIV/AIDS epidemic has changed the epidemiological pattern of populations admitted to hospitals. We compared epidemiological characteristics of HIV and non-HIV admissions of an infectious disease unit at a public reference teaching hospital. Methods: A retrospective study was conduced, including all admi
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3549)
Drain PK, Holmes KK;;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Rates of occupational needlestick injuries (NSIs) have been evaluated in several countries, but global estimates of blood-borne infections acquired by nurses and doctors have not been quantified. Methods: We generated a mass action model to estimate country-specific rates of occupational HIV and
Vietnam s HIV epidemic remains concentrated in high-risk populations. We sought to describe the patterns of HIV transmission among clients at anonymous voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services recently initiated by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. Methods: We reviewed data for clients receiving VCT
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3551)
Puente D, Casado X, Gonzalez V, Martro E, Matas L, Casabona J;;;; Center for Epidemiological Studies on Aids of Catalonia (CEESCAT). Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
The serologic testing algorithm for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) seroconversion (STARHS) (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3552)
Butler KM, O'Meara M, Goode MM;;;; The Rainbow Clinic, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin and The Children's University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
P-HIV in Ireland was an indigent problem, linked to parental drug use & centered in deprived urban areas. National AN screening & pregnancy management has resulted in Mother to Child Transmission rates of
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3553)
Fedeli P, Croce F, Ramsan M, Deho L, Piatti A, Dahoma MJ, Albonico M, Shauri O, Galli M;;;; L.Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
A serosurvey on patients attending public health clinics was performed in Zanzibar- Tanzania in October-December 2002. Methods: People attending 6 main hospitals, 3 in Zanzibar and 3 in Pemba, and including consecutive series of pregnant women, blood donors and inpatients from medical, surgical and paediatr
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3554)
Rajasekaran S, Jeyaseelan L, Paramesh P, Loo V, Warren D;;;; Goverment Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram, India
The Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine (GHTM) admitted its first AIDS patients in 1993. GHTM has specialized in care and treatment services for HIV patients since 1999. To initiate control and treatment of HIV infections at the family level, an HIV family tree information system was established in 200
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3555)
Melo AC, Couttolenc BF, Caiaffa WT;;;; Centro Universitario Newton Paiva, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
ARV therapy increase the time and quality of life. Describe the profile of ARV use among adults in reference services. Methods: A probabilistic and systematic sample of medical records of adults with HIV/AIDS in Belo Horizonte, Itajai, Recife, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, between 1986 and 2002;
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3556)
Doherty MC, Mwandagalirwa K, Nanlele D, Atibu J;;;; The National HIV/AIDS Program (PNLS) of DRC and Project SIDA, Kinshasa, Congo, the Democratic Republic of fhe
HIV prevalence is low in Kinshasa despite social and economic disruption. Data show that HIV rates vary by gender and by locale. To assess gender differences, HIV prevalence and risk behaviors were measured among persons frequenting high transmission sites (PLACE venues), persons seeking STI treatment, and
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3557)
Kaiser R, Kessia G, Kedamo T, Lane J, Handzel T, Downing R, Marum E, Ahoy B, Salama P, Mermin J, Brady W, Spiegel P;;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
In November 2002 and April 2003, CDC used rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests for HIV prevalence surveys among conflict-affected populations in Yei and Rumbek, South Sudan . Because of concerns of limited test performance under field conditions, we decided to retest a subsample of specimens in a
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3558)
Gao WB, Sun XY, Chang C, Guo Y;;;; The Institute of Psychology, Chinese Acdemy of Science, Beijing, China
Questionnaire is a common tool to estimate people s knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and intentions. And it is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of AIDS prevention education. Only good questionnaire could ensure the validity of evaluation. The aim of this study is to test the reliability, validity and the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3559)
Woldu A, Hladik W, Wuhib T, Ahmed J, Ismail S;;;; Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
In generalized HIV epidemics, surveillance generally relies on HIV testing of women attending antenatal clinics (ANC). Prevalence estimates for urban clinics often exceed that for rural clinics and national estimates are usually weighted for urban/rural population proportion. However, the effect of urban-re
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3560)
Kokolomami J, Milenge P, Hladik W;;;; PNLS-MOH, Kinshasa, Congo, the Democratic Republic of fhe
The DRC Ministry of Health re-established ANC-based HIV surveillance in 2003 in western DRC after it was interrupted for years by war. The last surveillance round in 1999 had been restricted to Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. Methods: Left-over blood taken during May-June 2003 for routine ANC care at five urban an
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3561)
Wasinrapee P, Chaowanachan T, Martin M, Dobbs T, Parekh B, Srisuwanwilai L, Choopanya K, Vanichseni S, Hu D, van Griensven F, Luck A, Tappero J;;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
The HIV-1 subtype BED IgG-capture EIA (BED) is a new assay developed to detect recent infection with HIV-1 subtypes B, E, and D. The BED assay can be used to estimate incidence from cross-sectional data. We used this assay to estimate incidence among injecting drug users (IDUs) screened for enrollment in th
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3563)
Sole-Pla MA, Lemos KR;;;; State Health Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Death Certificates are important sources of information for epidemiological surveillance. The analysis of diseases associated to deaths reported with HIV infections may be an indicator of the quality of the assistance received by the patient, as well as of possible cases of antiviral drug toxicity. Methods:
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3564)
Martin D, Silva E, Rolo F, Diaz H, Blanco M, Lobaina L, Noa E, Savon C, Lubian AL, Navea L, Duarte C;;;; AIDS Research Laboratory (LISIDA), San Jose de las Lajas, Cuba
The presence of positive charged amino acids in the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 confers important phenotypic changes. In Cuba , the atypical sequence GRGR was reported on the tip of the V3 loop in HIV-1 B subtype seropositive patients who had a rapid progression (RP) to AIDS. The serological response against synthetics pept
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3566)
Martin Alfonso D, Silva Cabrera E, Rolo Gomez FM, Diaz Torres H, Blanco M, Lobaina LI, Noa E, Savon C, Lubian AL, Navea LM, Duarte C;;;; Laboratorio de Investigaciones del SIDA, La Habana, Cuba
In Cuba it was reported the atypical sequence, GRGR, on the tip of the V3 loop; in B subtype seropositive patients who had a rapid progression to AIDS. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of a group of cuban HIV-1 subtype B patients against synthetics peptides from V3 loop of gp 120 due to the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3567)
Fabiani M, Nattabi B, Opio AA, Musinguzi J, Biryahwaho B, Ayella EO, Ogwang M, Akello P, Ranghiasci A, Declich S;;;; Lab. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
In Uganda , the HIV surveillance system includes twenty antenatal clinics (ANCs), but few of them are from the north of the country, where data on HIV epidemic are still limited. This study is aimed at estimating the recent prevalence trend and factors associated with HIV infection among pregnant women in t
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3568)
Mansergh G, Naorat S, Jommaroeng R, Jenkins RA, Jeeyapant S, Rujijanakul W, Kanggarnrua K, Phanuphak P, Tappero JW, van Griensven F;;;; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
HIV assessments among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Thailand have not been able to adequately sample community populations. We adapted Venue-Day-Time Sampling (VDTS), a method to access hidden and underserved populations, to enroll a large number of MSM in Bangkok in an HIV prevalence and risk behavior
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3569)
Beck EJ, Gaudreault M, Brewer C, Mandalia S, Zowall H, Gilmore N, Klein M, Lalonde R, Murphy T, Piche A, Roy J, de la Sablonniere A, Hankins C;;;; McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Calculate the additional cost per life-year gained in CDC stages A&B (non-AIDS) and C (AIDS) for 1997-2001 (Period 2) compared with 1991-1995 (Period 1) in Quebec, Canada . Methods: Data obtained from 2 Quebec HIV centres. Mean number hospital inpatient (IP) days and outpatient (OP) visits per patient-ye
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3570)
Scheer S, Delgado V, Schwarcz S;;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States
The HIV Testing Survey (HITS) was designed to assess the potential effect that reporting HIV infection to the government might have on delaying or deterring high risk persons from seeking HIV testing. Male-to-female (MTF) transgenders are at high risk of HIV infection and have documented high HIV prevalence
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3571)
Lee K, Lee SS;;;; Special Preventive Programme, The Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, China
Data from HIV/AIDS surveillance system is readily available for conducting health status assessment. Methods: A voluntary HIV/AIDS reporting system has been in place in Hong Kong since 1985. Four indicators were derived from the system to assess the trend of health status of HIV infected individuals in the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3572)
Mallick PS, Baatsen P, Kelly RJ;;;; Family Health International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Rickshaw pullers (RP), truckers and students are the most frequent clients of street and hotel-based female sex workers. Fifty seven percent of Injecting Drug Users (IDU) also reported commercial sex with females in last year. Using the results of 4th round BSS in Bangladesh , we tried to cross check the
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3573)
Pillonel J, Laperche S;;;; Institut de veille sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
Monitoring trends in residual risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections is important to assess improvements in blood safety. These trends were analysed over 9 overlapping periods of 3 years from 1992 to 2002. The 2000-02 estimates were compared to the results of HIV-1 and HCV nucleic acid testing (NA
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3574)
Likatavicius G, Downs AM, Hamers FF;;;; EuroHIV, Dept of Infectious Diseases, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
In Europe, blood donations are systematically screened for HIV and, if positive, eliminated from the blood supply. Nevertheless there remains a residual risk of HIV transmission, which depends on the incidence/prevalence of HIV among blood donors, which in turn depends on HIV prevalence in the total populat
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3575)
Rice B, Sinka K, Patel B, Evans B, Delpech V;;;; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
The annual cross-sectional Survey of Prevalent HIV Infections Diagnosed (SOPHID) provides the only national measure of individuals receiving HIV related care in the United Kingdom (UK), excluding Scotland. For the first time, data from these surveys were linked to identify cohorts and describe trends in acc
A recent approach for HIV epidemiological surveillance for concentrated epidemics (Second Generation Surveillance -SGS) has been developed by WHO/ UNAIDS (2000). Mexico is part of the pilot study that allows learning about the behavioural profile that influences trends of the epidemic. The relevant characte
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3577)
Urassa M, Kumogola Y, Isingo R, Mwaluko G, Mugeye K, Makelemo B, Boerma T, Zaba B;;;; NIMR, Mwanza, Tanzania
Second generation surveillance aims to find behavioural explanations for HIV trends by monitoring sexual behaviour in selected populations. We explore the advantages of linking biological and behavioural surveillance data at the individual level. Methods: Two rounds of HIV testing at 10 ante-natal clinics (
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3578)
Akksilp S, Karnkawinpong O, Varma JK, Watthanaarmornkiet W, Wiratkapun C, Srisongsom S, Supawitkul S, Levine WC, Tappero JW;;;; Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Region 7, Ubonratchathani, Thailand
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most commonly reported opportunistic infection among HIV-infected persons in Thailand . The mortality rate of TB patients in Ubonratchathani province and many other Thai provinces is high; HIV infection may be an important contributor. Estimating the prevalence of TB-HIV co-infectio
Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. MoPeC3579)
Neal JJ, Sopheab H, Chhum V, Sirivongrangson P;;;; CDC Global AIDS Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Banteay Meanchey (BMC) province, Cambodia , is the site of a 5-year demonstration project started in 2003 in which several HIV prevention and care strategies (e.g., VCT services, PMTCT, and HIV-TB care integration) are being implemented or expanded. To collect baseline data for monitoring and evaluation, we
