AEGiS-15IAC: HIV seroprevalence in tuberculosis patiens.

15th International AIDS Conference

Bangkok, Thailand - July 11-16, 2004

HIV seroprevalence in tuberculosis patiens.

Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15:(abstract no. TuOrD1208)

Bhalla S, Banderwal D, Jain A, Tripathi CD, Singh S
New Dehli, India

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis, a major public health problem in most of the developing world, is posing a still bigger threat with the world wide epidemic of Human Immuno deficiency virus (HIV). Tuberculosis exerts a detrimental effect on the course of HIV infection and the risk of death in HIV infected persons with tuberculosis is twice as high as that in HIV infected patients without tuberculosis. With this intention the study was carried out at TB & chest diseases hospital, Jamnagar to find out the seroprevalence of HIV infection in patient, diagnosed with tuberculosis, clinical features of tuberculosis in HIV positive tuberculosis patients and associated complications.

METHODS: The study was conducted in the tuberculosis and chest diseases hospital, Jamnagar, among registered patients from Jan 2003 to Sept 2003 were analyzed. Five hundred and forty two (542) consecutive patients, more than 15 years of age, diagnosed with pulmonary, extra pulmonary or both forms of tuberculosis were screened for HIV seropositivity after informal consent. Those already on treatment and relapse cases of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis were also included. Diagnosis was based on detailed clinical history, clinical examination, X-ray chest and sputum smear or in some cases, by culture. In AFB negative patients, diagnosis was based on clinical radiological findings compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis and lack of response to a 2-3 weeks course of antibiotics. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed by suggestive histology, cytology, AFB staining and culture of biological fluids. The HIV positives were to be reactive to HIV-I and HIV -2 antigens with three different ELISA kits.

RESULTS: Out of 542 patients of tuberculosis, 8 (1.47%) were found HIV positive of and all of them (100%) were males. Out of 8 male patients 5 (62.5%) were labourers, 2 (25%) were salesman, 1 (12.5%) was truck driver. 5 (62.5%) of the 8 HIV seropositive patients were in the Pound 40 years age group.6 (75%) male patients had heterosexual exposure to sex workers, 1 (12.5%) had blood transfusion, while 1 (12.5%) patient was pethidine addict and shared needles. Among the 8 seropositive patients, 3 (37.5%) had only pul TB 1 (12.5%) had only extra pul TB (pleural effusion) while 3 (37.5%) had both pulmonary and extra pul TB (2 hilar lymphadenopathy with pul TB and 1 cervical lymphadenopathy with pul TB) and 1 patient had milliary tuberculosis. Out of 8 seropositive patients, bacteriological confirmation (sputum smear and/or culture positivity for M. tuberculosis) was obtained in 4 patients (50%). Complications of HIV were present in 5 (62.5%) patients. Conclusion The present study reveals the HIV infection among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Jamnagar and therefore as recommended by the Centres for Disease Control(27) all persons with tuberculosis should be questioned about risk factors for HIV infection and whether or not risk factors are elicted, urged to have an HIV test.

Keywords: AEGIS, HIV Seroprevalence, Tuberculosis, HIV Seropositivity, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, HIV Infections, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV-1, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Sputum, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Mass Screening, Humans, Male

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TuOrD1208