Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1256)
Smith SM, Pentlicky S, Neuveut C, Marx P, Jeang KT;;; New Jersey Medical School-UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07102 USA, Newark, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV and SIV Tat are encoded by two exons. Aside from its obvious role in transcription, the contribution of Tat to HIV-disease has remained murky. METHODS: From wildtype SIVmac239 (SIVtat2ex), we constructed SIVtat1ex which was mutated (by insertion of stop codons) to encode only a one-exon Tat. 6 rhesus ma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1257)
McKnight A, Aubin KA, Dittmar MT, Marchant D, Reuter S, Schmitz C;;; UCL, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Certain human cell lines and primary macrophage cultures are restricted to infection by a primary isolate prCBL-23, of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) but not a lab adapted variant CBL-23. Early steps of the viral life cycle of prCBL-23, such as fusion at the plasma membrane and reverse transcri
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1258)
Tuosto L, Marinari B, Andreotti M, Federico M, Piccolella E;;; Dept. Cell. and Devel. Biol., University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Although it is widely accepted that HIV-1 Nef protein interfers with T cell receptor machinery, less is known about its effects on the first events regulating T cell activation such as the organisation of the immunological synapses. We hypothesised that Nef could firstly interact with the specialised membra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1259)
Wainberg MA, Kameoka M, Liang C, Guo X;;; McGill University AIDS Centre, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND. We previously demonstrated that wild-type Tat can augment viral infectivity by suppressing the reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction at late stages of the viral life cycle to prevent the premature synthesis of potentially deletirious viral DNA products. METHODS. We have performed a detailed analysis of the ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1260)
Sherman MP, Neidleman JA, Mundt P, Williams SA, de Noronha CM, Grant R, Kreis C, Warmerdam M, Kahn J, Hecht R, Greene WC;;; Gladstone Institute of Virology &Immunology, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr enhances HIV replication in macrophages and, when over-expressed in cultured primate cell lines, induces G2 cell cycle arrest. While it is hypothesized that arrest enhances viral replication, the demonstration of such cell cycle perturbation in the absence of Vpr overexpressi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1261)
Bukrinskaya AG, Stevenson M;;; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 particle assembly is directed by the GAG proteins which are initially synthesized as a polyprotein p55 which is cleaved by virus-encoded protease to produce mature GAG proteins. Dramatic morphological changes occur inside the released virions which lead to the appearance of a cone-shaped capsid. Altho
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1344)
Nobile M, Aschwanden E, Spasojevic M, Rizzardi GP, Khonkarly M, Pantaleo G;;; Laboratory of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the functional and the quantitative defects of CD4 T cells with HIV-1 infection. At the present, limited information is available on the pattern of expression of genes involved in cell activation and in cell cycle. The cDNA expression array represents a compr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1345)
Sousa AE, Carneiro J, Grossman Z, Victorino R;;; Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
BACKGROUND: The causal relationships among CD4 cell depletion, HIV replication and immune activation are not well understood. HIV-2 infection, nature s experiment with inherently attenuated HIV disease, provides additional insights into this issue. METHODS AND RESULTS: We stratified and paired groups of HIV-1 and HIV-2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1346)
Diab BY, Breton G, Younes S, Bernard N, MacDonald K, Legault M, Routy JP, Sekaly RP;;; Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 infection is marked by a gradual decline in the number of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes in general and a specific failure to develop functional HIV-1-specific T helper cells in the majority of chronically infected individuals. The major goal of this work was to characterize the presence of HIV-specific
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1347)
Rullas J, Pedraza MA, Martin-Serrano J, Beltran M, Alcami J;;; Aids Immunopathogenesis Unit. Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
BACKGROUND: The study of the mechanisms leading to HIV persistence and reactivation represent a major issue in understanding HIV pathogenesis. We have developed an efficient system that allow transfection of a full length HIV provirus in resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. In this model we have addressed the role of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1348)
Muthukumar A, Wozniakowski A, Matthews C, Douek DC, Johnson RP, McClure HM, Koup RA, Sodora DL;;; UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas -75390-9113, United States
BACKGROUND: CD4+ T cell depletion is a hallmark of HIV/SIV infection. The thymus is responsible for de novo production of T lymphocytes, and therefore is important for T cell renewal. HIV infection in humans, as well as SIV infection of macaques, results in thymic atrophy, reflecting a possible decrease in T cell produ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrA1349)
Thiebot H, Vaslin B, de Revel T, Derdouch S, Gras G, Bertho JM, Louache F, Vainchenker W, Dormont D, Grand RL;;; Service de Neurovirologie, France, France
BACKGROUND: To evaluate, in macaque models of AIDS, the impact of infection on bone marrow hematopoiesis. METHODS: Cynomolgus macaques have been inoculated with 50 MID50 of a SIVmac251 primary isolate or the SHIV89.P chimera which expresses the env gene of the primary HIV-1 89.6 isolate in a SIVmac239 background. Durin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1262)
Martinez E, Podzamczer D, Ribera E, Domingo P, Knobel H, Dalmau D, Riera M, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Responding patients on a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing highly active antiretroviral regimen (HAART) may have their therapy simplified by switching from PI to either NEV, EFA, or ABA. So far, head-to-head comparisons between these three drugs have not been reported. METHODS: Adult patients on at least o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrB1263)
O'Brien WA, Rojo D, Acosta E, Felizarta F, Pearce D, Jayaweera DT, Visnegarwala F;;; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
BACKGROUND: Ritonavir (RTV) enhances saquinavir (SQV) exposure via inhibition of SQV hepatic metabolism. Durable viral load (VL) suppression has been demonstrated with SQV 400 mg/RTV 400 mg BID, but this regimen can be associated with hyperlipidemia as well as frequ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1264)
Bossi P, Peytavin G, Delaugerre C, David DJ, Ktorza N, Bonmarchand M, Mohand HA, Lamotte C, Cacace R, Simon A, Calvez V, Bricaire F, Costagliola D, Katlama C;;; Dpt of Infectious Diseases-Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the benefit of PDM in association with GRT to optimize therapy in pts failing antiretroviral treatments (ART). METHODS: In a single center, Pts with HIV-1 RNA>1000 cp/ml and stable ART in the last 3 mths were randomized in 2 groups: genotypic group (G) and geno-pharmacologic group (GP). Pts were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1265)
Cahn P, Dragsted UB, Pedersen C, Peters B, Duran A, Obel N, Gatell JM, Leen C, Lunzen JV, Stoehr A, Lederman J, Lundgren JD;;; Fundacion HUESPED, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: This trial is the first head-to-head comparison of ritonavir (r)-boosted PI treatments (tx). The objectives of the trial were to compare virological outcome between the study arms including the proportion of patients with HIV-RNA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1266)
Pozniak AL, Plettenberg A, Rozenbaum W, Sonnerborg A, Molina JM, Gatell J, Chen SS, Kearney BP, Miller MD, Coakley DF, Cheng A;;; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Tenofovir DF (TDF) is a single tablet, once daily nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor with potent activity against wild-type and nucleoside resistant HIV. METHODS: Multi-center, international, double blind, randomized study of 550 treatment experienced patients with HIV RNA between 400 and 10,000 cop
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1303)
Reuter H, Kasper T, Poole C, Skefile V, Goemaere E;;; Medecins Sans Frontieres, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: In May 2001, Medecins Sans Frontieres began an antiretroviral therapy project in three government-run primary health care centers in Khayelitsha, a poor township of Cape Town, South Africa . Concerns that the population served (primarily poor, sick [median CD4 cell count at baseline of 48] African women, ma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrB1304)
Cote HC, Yip B, Chan JW, Brumme ZL, Hogg RS, Harrigan PR, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner J;;; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St.Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Stavudine ( d4T ) use has been associated with mitochondrial toxicity and hyperlactatemia. This has been correlated with depletion of peripheral blood cell mtDNA (Cote et al, NEJM, 2002). We investigate here the relative mt/nDNA ratios in relation to vario
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1305)
de Ronde A, van Gemen B, Casula M, Timmermans E, van Dooren M, Westrop M, Dobbelaer I, Bakker M, Weverling GJ, Lange J, Goudsmit J, Reiss P;;; PrimaGen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND. Several of the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy may result from inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma by nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTI s). Markers to measure mitochondrial toxicity in well accessible cells of the body like blood would be useful. OBJECTIVE. To
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1306)
Murphy RL, Katlama C, Weverling GJ, Hoff F, Berzins B, Gatell J, Horban A, van Eeden A, Antunes F, Staszewski S, Clotet B, Bijleveld E;;; Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: FRAMS aims to assess whether differences in metabolic parameters and body habitus can be detected in patients (pts) treated with a nucleoside-reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-NRTI or protease inhibitor-based regimen. METHODS: The Atlantic Study is an ongoing prospective, randomized, international
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1307)
Barbaro G, Lorenzo GD, Giancaspro G, Pellicelli AM, Grisorio B, Barbarini G;;; Dept.Emergency Medicine,University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND: The introduction of highly antiretroviral therapy(HAART)has risulted in a decrease of opportunistic infections in HIV disease and longer surviaval rate. However, although limited to case reports,early data raised concerns about HAART regimens including protease inhibitors (PIs)being associated with incre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1338)
Levasseur PJ, Eustace DW, McCarty JM, Burg JL;;; bioMerieux, Inc., Rockland, United States
BACKGROUND: The VIDAS PROBE qHIV test is currently under development for determining HIV-1 viral loads. As this test has been anchored to the VQA subtype B standard, the purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity, reproducibility and quantitative accuracy of HIV-1 non-B subtypes. METHODS: Nineteen HIV-1 cul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1339)
Chaowanachan T, Chokephaibulkit K, Chotpitayasunondh T, Wasinrapee P, Teeraratkul A, Jetsawang B, Neeyapun K, Simonds RJ, Young NL;;; Thai MOPH-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: To validate the use of field-site collected filter paper dried blood spot (DBS) samples for HIV-1 diagnosis and viral load (VL) monitoring of infants born to HIV-infected women in Thailand , where subtype E predominates. METHODS: 442 paired DBS and whole blood samples in EDTA (blood) were collected from 2-m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1340)
Schupbach J, ni J, Tomasik Z, Bisset L, Fischer M, nthard H, Ledergerber B, Opravil M;;; Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, Zurich, Switzerland
BACKGROUND. Quantification of HIV-1 RNA by RT-PCR is widely used for evaluating antiretroviral therapies, but not affordable in resource-poor settings. We here assess a possible inexpensive alternative, a modified p24 antigen test, in patients receiving successful long-term antiretroviral therapy. METHODS. HIV-1 RNA an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1341)
Respess R, Cachafeiro A, Withum D, Fiscus S, Newman D, Cabruja I, Branson B, Varnier O, Dondero T;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: The measurement of RNA viral load (VL) is useful for the clinical management of HIV infection. Commercially available VL quantitation methods are based on expensive nucleic acid-based amplification approaches requiring skilled technicians, specialized equipment, and dedicated facilities, making their use pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1342)
Diagbouga S, Chazallon C, Kazatchkine MD, Van de Perre P, Inwoley A, M'boup S, David MP, Tioro A, Soudre R, Aboulker JP, Weiss L;;; Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
An international multicentric study was set to implement and validate a method (DynabeadsR), alternative to high-tech reference method (flow cytometry, FC) for measuring CD4 cell counts. This alternative method is based on CD4 T cell isolation using anti-CD4 mAB-coated magnetic beads. METHODS: 657 pairs of values of CD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrB1343)
Rodriguez WR, Christodoulides N, Ali M, Rodriguez M, Floriano P, Bono N, Walker BD, McDevitt JT;;; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Although the costs of HIV drugs have been reduced in parts of the developing world, the costs of HIV laboratory tests remain high, and make the establishment of treatment programs problematic. Affordable HIV diagnostics that could be performed at regional and local health centers in developing countries are
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1267)
Pappas G, Niambele I, Ryan C, Bougoudogo F, Baganizi E, Bicego G, Aboulafia CC, Sharman A, Ayad M;;; ORC Macro, Calverton, Maryland, United States
BACKGROUND: National population-based surveys provide an opportunity for improved information on the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing countries. Over the past decade the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) began supplying national population-based estimates of levels of knowledge and attitudes related to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1268)
Sedyaningsih-Marnahil E, Lazzari S, Schinaia N, Dhingran N, Vercauteren G, Noel L, Emmanuel J, Lloyd S;;; CDS/WHO, Geneve, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to update most recent figures and trends of HIV prevalence among blood donors worldwide, and to assess its impact on general HIV surveillance activities. METHODS: Source of data were the Global Blood Safety Initiative Database (primarily) and the US Bureau of Census HIV Surveil
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1269)
Kirungi WL, Musinguzi JB, Opio A, Madraa E;;; STD/AIDS Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological surveillanceof in Uganda has shown consistent decline in HIV prevalence among antenatal and STD clients at sentinel sites. This is corroborated by parallel changes in sexual behaviour. METHODS: Analysis of annual HIV prevalence data of 250-300 clients from each of 20 sentinel sites (1989-200
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1270)
Woelk GB, Kasprzyk D, Montano DE, Mutsindiri R, NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial NI;;; Department of Community Medicine, Medical School, Universtiy of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: A comprehensive national survey of risk behaviors and STD/HIV was conducted in 32 rural Growth Point Villages in Zimbabwe as part of a cooperative international trial in 5 countries. The trial will use the Community Popular Opinion Leader Intervention to prevent STD/HIV. To establish risk prior to the Trial
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1271)
Hor LB, Seng WS, Saidel T, Steen R, Ly SP, Seng S, Htun Y, Stuer F, Natpratan C, Dallabetta G;;; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STD, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
BACKGROUND: To determine the impact of HIV prevention efforts on the prevalence of common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in key risk populations in Cambodia . METHODS: A self-weighted cluster sampling design was used to select representative population-based samples of brothel-based sex workers (n=141), police
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1272)
Moses S, Ngugi EN, Costigan A, Kariuki C, Plummer FA;;; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, WInnipeg, Canada
BACKGROUND: An HIV/STD surveillance program was established in 3 health centres to monitor the impact of an intervention program in the clinics and their catchment areas consisting of: 1) improved primary level STD services; and 2) community HIV/STD prevention programs for female sex workers. METHODS: Eight survey roun
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1308)
Karon J, Kaplan EH, Brookmeyer R, Song R;;; Division of HIV/AIDS, Surveillance &Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
BACKGROUND: Development of the detuned assay has led the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to consider new approaches for estimating HIV incidence in the United States from new HIV diagnoses reported to HIV surveillance. METHODS: Two statistical models have been developed to account for the fact that indivi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1309)
Grassly NC, Garnett GP, AIDS Epidemiology Reference Group UN;;; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The country-specific estimates of HIV-1 prevalence and AIDS mortality produced by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS ) are widely used for both planning and advocacy purposes. To date, UNAIDS have used a simple curve fitting procedure, based on a gamma distribution of HIV incidence. How
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1310)
Auvert B, Ferry B;;; Inserm U88, Saint Maurice, France
Backgrounds: The rate of spread of HIV is heterogeneous in sub-Sahran Africa. HIV prevalence among the general population varies from less than 2% to more than 30%. This heterogeneity is not yet understood. The multicenter study carried out in four African cities has provided new epidemiological information. The object
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1311)
Van der Veen FH, Forster N;;; Family Health International, Windhoek, Namibia
BACKGROUND: Namibia established in 1992 a surveillance system for HIV and AIDS, including HIV sentinel sero-surveys, case reporting of HIV positive diagnosis, hospitalizations and death from AIDS. Reporting is entirely integrated into the Health Information System (HIS). To model the impact of HIV on demographic indica
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1312)
Corbett EL, Currie C, Churchyard GJ, Williams BG;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic has greatly worsened TB control in Africa. Gold miners are a closely studied population in whom new control strategies are being considered. METHODS: We adapted existing mathematical models of TB, and simulated an HIV epidemic to fit data on time trends of TB incidence and prevalence in HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1313)
Gaillard EM, Moteetee MM, Jaase N, Khobotle M, Stover J, Bollinger L;;; The Futures Group International, Port-o-Prince, Haiti
BACKGROUND: The Government of Lesotho initial estimates indicated that a National AIDS Strategic Budget of $1 billion, spread over three years (2001-2003), would be required to reduce the spread of HIV. In order to evaluate if this budget accurately reflected the country s needs and capacity, the Goals model was applie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1374)
Hladik W, Dollard S, Downing R, Nzaro E, Kataaha P, Banage F, Ransom R, Karon J, Pellett P, Dondero T, Lackritz E, Mermin J;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Kaposi s sarcoma, the most frequent malignancy in AIDS patients, is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). It is unknown if HHV8 can be transmitted by blood transfusion; worldwide, blood donations are not screened for HHV8. We evaluated the risk of HHV8 transmission by transfusion in a hospital in Kampala,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1375)
Kublin JG, Jere CS, Miller WC, Hoffman IF, Chimbiya N, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME;;; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV infection increases malaria parasitemia and incidence of malarial fevers, and in one case-control study the mean HIV-1 viral load was higher in adults with malaria than in others. To assess the impact of malaria on HIV infection, we conducted a prospective cohort study in rural Malawi . METHO
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1376)
Kallestrup P, Gomo E, Zinyama R, Pedersen BK, Vennervald BJ, Butterworth AE, Ullum H;;; Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
BACKGROUND: One objective of our ongoing study Influence of Schistosomiasis Infection on Viral Replication, Disease Progression and Immune Activation in HIV+ Individuals is to describe the interaction between immune function as expressed by CD4 count and S. haematobium (Sh) egg excretion in co-infected and HIV- control
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1377)
Takeda CF, Cartaxo LA, Ponte GA, Sa AP, Mesquita JR, Oliveira RP Jr.;;; Hospital Sao Jose de Doencas Infecciosas/ Secretaria de Saude do Estado do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a worldwide disseminated protozoal infection, endemic in Brazil , associated with considerable morbidity. For the last twenty years it has been reported as a common complication of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mainly in the Mediterranean area. The
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1378)
Brust D, Jagannatha S, Herpin B, Miller K, Metcalf J, Lau D, Alter H, Lane HC, Falloon J, Fauci A;;; NIH, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: Two recent studies reported that HGV infection improved the outcome of HIV disease; however, neither study evaluated baseline HIV viral load, a known predictor of outcome. To address this issue, we analyzed the impact of HGV infection on survival in a cohort originally enrolled in an HIV treatment protocol
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrC1379)
Marine Barjoan E, Bongain A, Berrebi A, Haas H, Tricoire J, Monpoux F, Laffont C, Izopet J, Tran A, Pradier C;;; Federation des Maladies Transmissibles. CHU Nice, Nice, France
BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child HCV transmission is the most important mode of infection among children. It is essential to know the factors involved in the transmission in order to implement preventive measures to reduce the risk of contamination for children. METHODS: Multicenter study in Southern France (A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1273)
Mohammed MU;;; S.V.University, Dept. of Population Studies, Tirupati - Andhra Pradesh, India
India has the largest number of street children in the age group of 8-18 years. They are exposed to all kinds of risky social environment. They are prone to drinking alcohol, smoking, begging, pick-pocketing and many other similar vices. A vast majority of the street children indulge in sex at a very young age (after
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1274)
Kay CM, Mellanby AR, Hinde J, Rees JB, Hull T, Tripp JH;;; University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
Concern in the UK that sexually transmitted infections amongst the young are continuing to rise and that the teenage pregnancy rate is the highest in Europe has been highlighted by The National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV. Although the need to deal with these issues is recognised, the methodology for achieving t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1275)
Stewart H, McCauley A, Baker S, Givaudan M, James S, Leenen I, Pick S, Reddy P, Rewthong U, Rumakon P, Walker D;;; Population Council/Horizons, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: In Mexico and Thailand , local organizations and educators designed school programs to include elements from programs found to successfully change students behavior elsewhere, such as interactive teaching methods and the provision of accurate sexual information. METHODS: About 1880 students at 4 secondary s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1276)
Sikkema KJ, Hoffmann RG, Brondino MJ, Anderson ES, Felton CG, Roffman RA, Kelly JA, Winett RA, Heckman TG, Solomon LJ, Somlai AM;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
BACKGROUND: A randomized, multisite community-level trial was undertaken with ethnically-diverse adolescents living in low-income housing in the U.S. METHODS: Developments were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: 1) a multi-component community intervention of skills training plus social/peer norm change to re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1277)
Cleophas-Frisch B, Obasi A, Mshana G, Wamoyi J, Plummer M, Rwakatare M, Ross D, Grosskurth H, Gavyole A;;; African Medical and Research Foundation -- (AMREF) Mwanza, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Attitudes of health workers (HW) may have contributed to poor uptake of reproductive health services among young people. Health workers from 18 government health units (HU) were trained in March 1999 and June 2000 to provide integrated, youth-friendly reproductive health services as a part of a broader adol
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrD1278)
Diez E, Fernandez S, Riera C, Soria M, Villamarin F, Juarez O, Cobo E;;; Institut Municipal de Salut Publica, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Parlem Clar is an HIV & pregnancy prevention program for high school youth (17 y). It promotes condom use among students who have sex and access to condoms. It is peer delivered. It was developed in 2000, based on Intervention Mapping methods, identifiing personal and environment determinants and exclus
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1297)
Chang ML, Madrid MY, Widdus R, Ghys P, Walker N, Esparza J;;; WHO-UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Once an HIV preventive vaccine is discovered it should be used without delay. Thus, it is important to identify policy issues which might guide the introduction and use, and to estimate needs and delivery capacity for future vaccines. METHODS: Information was obtained from regional workshops (Latin America
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1298)
Hudgens MG, Hoering A, Self SG;;; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Given that first generation HIV vaccines are not likely to provide complete protection from HIV--1 infection, it is important to assess a vaccine s effect on disease progression in an efficacy trial. Viral load in HIV--infected individuals correlates with disease progression and onset of AIDS in a natural h
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1299)
Harro C, Judson F, Brown S, Coutinho R, Popovic V, Gurwith M; Johns Hopkins Center for Immunization Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Efficacy trials of HIV vaccines face unique challenges: recruitment and retention of large at-risk cohorts, and potential trial-related social harms due to discrimination or lack of opportunities. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-year study to evaluate efficacy of the bivalent rgp1
BACKGROUND: The world s first phase III HIV vaccine trial (bivalent B[MN]/E[A244] rgp120; AIDSVAX®B/E, VaxGen , Inc., USA) in a developing country is taking place in Thailand among IDUs followed throughout 17 Bangkok Metropolitan Administration drug treatment clinics. METHODS: Consenting HIV-seronegative IDUs were r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1301)
Suraratdecha C, Ainsworth M, Tangcharoensathien V;;; Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Sex workers (SW) and intravenous drug users (IDU) are at extremely high risk of HIV infection in Thailand . Whether an AIDS vaccine that reduces the risk of infection would bring substantial private benefits to high-risk groups (HRG) and indirectly reduce the spread of HIV depends critically on their perspe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1302)
Isbell MT, Widdus R, Williams L, Gold D;;; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York NY, United States
ISSUE: A generation or more is currently required before new vaccines receive extensive use in the world s poorest countries, even though these products could prevent substantial morbidity and mortality. To reduce the likelihood that such a situation will occur with respect to HIV/AIDS vaccines, IAVI released at the Du
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1314)
Herold B, Bello I, Marcellino M, Dzeuzelewski M, Cheshenko N, Francois F, Casullo VM, Anderson R, Chany C, Zaneveld LJ, Waller DP, Klotman ME;;; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Although renewed efforts in vaccine development have provided valuable insight, a protective vaccine may not be available in the near future. Topical microbicides that block the establishment of infection at the mucosal surface provide an additional method of intervention that can be initiated by the indivi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1315)
Fabio SD, Roey JV, Giannini G, Van den Mooter G, Penta CL, Spada M, Binelli A, Germinario E, Belardelli F, Proietti E, de Bethune MP, Vella S;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: The identification of anti-HIV drug as topical microbicides to prevent virus transmission between sexual partners is a priority for controlling the spread of AIDS in both developed and developing countries. We report the successful prevention of vaginal transmission of HIV throug the application of a gel fo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1316)
Coetzee N, Hoosen A, Blanchard K, de Kock A, Sebola M, Friedland B, Ellertson C, Nkompela B, Altini L, Ndlovu G, Tweedy K;;; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Carraguard®, a 3% carrageenan gel, is a promising candidate microbicide based on results from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, and Phase I clinical safety studies. METHODS: 400 healthy HIV negative women from the general population were enrolled, 200 each in two sites, Gugulethu and Ga-Rankuwa,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1317)
Low-Beer N, Jespers V, McCormack S, Gabe R, Nunn A, Chapman A, Damme LV, Lacey CJ;;; Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Dextrin sulphate gel (DS) is a candidate vaginal microbicide against HIV-1. Data are presented from a safety study of DS vaginal gel in 80 sexually active HIV -ve and 20 HIV +ve women in London, UK and Antwerp, Belgium . METHODS: In part A, 50 HIV -ve women were double-blind randomised to receive 0% (n=10),
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1318)
Kilmarx PH, Supawitkul S, Yanpaisarn S, Jones H, van de Wijgert J, Young NL, Srivirojana N, Guest P;;; Thailand MOPH - U.S. CDC Collaboration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nonthaburi, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Assessing the effect of vaginal microbicides on RTIs other than HIV is a critical aspect of the clinical evaluation of these products. METHODS: Use of a 3% carrageenan gel (Carraguard[TM]) was compared with use of a 2.5% methyl-cellulose placebo gel in a year-long, randomized, triple-blinded study among 165
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1319)
Foss AM, Vickerman P, Heise L, Watts C;;; London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND Currently there are six microbicide candidates nearing phase III trials. There are concerns, however, that the introduction of microbicides might lead to women using condoms less consistently (condom migration). This study estimates the level of condom migration that could occur following microbicide introdu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1350)
Darbes LA, Kennedy GE, Peersman G, Zohrabyan L, Rutherford GW;;; Univeristy of California, AIDS Research Institute, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown a substantial increase in HIV infections among racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. We conducted a systematic review of HIV prevention interventions in U.S. minority populations and a meta-analysis of a subset of trials that addressed the issue of heterosexual risk among African Am
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1351)
Peersman G, Reed K, Rugg D;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Several literature reviews of evaluation research have been conducted, but few have focused on the effectiveness of HIV prevention in low-income countries. The CDC/Global AIDS Program is undertaking a systematic effort to identify and integrate the findings from evaluation studies conducted in low-income co
BACKGROUND: Rapid assessment (RA) methods have the potential to generate important public health data. This potential is the subject of debate within the substance use and HIV prevention field, with the approach attracting attention as a means of profiling drug-related problems, mobilising HIV prevention efforts, initi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1353)
Jewkes RK, Nduna M, Jama PN, Levin JB;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
Introduction: HIV preventive interventions are increasingly focusing on gender dynamics in relationships, creating new demands to develop measures for evaluation tools. Pulerwitz et al (2000) developed a 23-item Sexual Relationship Power Scale (sub-scales: relationship control and decision-making dominance) in the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1354)
Friedland B, McGrory CE, Magwaza S, Marumo M, de Kock A, Sebola MH, Coetzee N;;; Population Council, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Ensuring informed consent and voluntary participation in research is challenging, particularly when conducting complex trials in vulnerable populations. To address this, the informed consent form and procedures were evaluated before, during, and after a Phase II expanded safety trial of the potential microb
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrD1355)
Sivaram S, Srikrishnan AK, Murgavel KG, Balakrishnan K, Mayer KH, Celentano DD, Solomon S, NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial US;;; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND. Assessing the burden of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a community is an key step in any community-based effort to prevent the spread of HIV. However, the challenge is to conduct assessment while protecting the human rights of the participants and providing follow-up care in the event a per
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1279)
Jenkins C, Rahman H, Jana S;;; USAID, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
BACKGROUND: In Bangladesh , the status of women in society is very low and many are subject to violence. Violence perpetrated against female sex workers by police and thugs known as mastans is widespread. Both behavioral surveillance and project monitoring has revealed high levels of violence against female sex workers
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1280)
Jansen HA, Watts C, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Garcia-Moreno C;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of reliable information, particularly from developing countries, on the revalence of different forms of violence against women (VAW). The WHO multi-country study has been conducted in 8 culturally diverse countries ( Bangladesh , Brazil , Japa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1281)
Wood K, Jama N, Jewkes R, Nduna M, Levin J;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
Introduction: Gang rape is a form of sexual violence which carries substantial risk of HIV transmission as sex is unprotected, multiple men are involved and women are often injured. One third of rapes reported to the police in South Africa involve more than one man. This paper describes research findings relating to th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1282)
Plummer ML, Wight D, Wamoyi J, Mshana G, Ross D, Salamba Z;;; NIMR/AMREF/LSHTM, Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: There is a need to collect accurate data on unwanted sex in a rural African context, to better understand how it may contribute to HIV transmission. METHODS: The paper draws on data from: a self-completion questionnaire with 6,077 primary school adolescents; 72 in-depth interviews with HIV+, pregnant or ran
BACKGROUND: The importance of gender constructions in the shaping of sexual health problems is well documented. In a study on gender, an analysis of masculinity constructions was carried out. METHODS: An ethnographic study was conducted in 5 contexts: Lima/working and middle class, fishermen in the Northern coast, peas
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1284)
Go VF, Sethulakshmi CJ, Bentley ME, Sivaram S, Srikrishnan AK, Celentano DD, Solomon S;;; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: We examined how marital gender norms and power dynamics affect women s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in Chennai slum communities. METHODS: As part of a multi-site international behavioral HIV intervention trial, in-depth interviews with men and women (20 each) and focus groups of men and women (7 groups each) w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1320)
Reynolds A;;; HIV and HCV in Prison Committee, San Francisco, CA, United States
ISSUES: The United States has the world s second largest prison system with over 2 million men and women incarcerated and an additional 4.3 million people in jail or on probation or parole. Although HIV and HCV rates are 8 to 10 times higher in prison than in the general public, there has been no effort to implement ha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1321)
Seal DW, Margolis AD, Binson D, Morrow KM, Eldridge GD, Kacanek D, Belcher L, Sosman JM; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV/STD/hepatitis transmission among incarcerated men has been documented. Yet, little research has assessed in-prison risk behavior. METHOD: A longitudinal study of HIV/STD/hepatitis risk behavior among 80 men (ages 18-29) released from prison in 4 U.S. states included open-ended questions about their know
ISSUES: Following a national survey of HIV seroprevalance and risk behaviours in Zambian prisons, 27% of inmates were HIV positive while risk behaviours included sex between men, tattooing, injecting drug use and sharing of shaving appliances. No condoms were available in prisons and measures for harm reduction were ab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1323)
Paul C, Gupta SD, Sharma S, Deb M;;; Tribal Development Society, Tirukalukundram, India
BACKGROUND: HIV has consistently been higher among prisoners than general public. Injecting drug use is the main route for HIV infection in the prisons, The aim of this study is to determine the awareness, risk perception and risk taking behaviour of prisoners who use drugs and to implement effective health education p
BACKGROUND: Injecting drug users (IDUs) internationally are vastly over-represented in correctional institutions. The high prevalence of hepatitis C virus is a significant concern in Australian correctional systems. Previously, examination of how the risk for blood borne virus (BBV) transmission and other drug use risk
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1325)
Saad AC, Dantas R, Poubel L, Carvalho ML, Quitete B, Veiga LP, Fialho J, Biondi EJ;;; Desipe, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The Penitentiary System of Rio de Janeiro has an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) for most medical specialties. After treating Penitentiary Workers for more than 4 years we realized there was a specific demanding for this population which was stress management and substance abuse problems. METHODS: In Janu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1356)
Fuller CM, Borrell LN, Galea S, Vlahov D;;; Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: To determine the extent to which individual-level factors (race, social network, injection risks) and contextual-level factors (neighborhood racial composition, poverty, education levels) contribute to adolescent initiation of injection drug use (?21 yrs of age) in a population of injection drug users (IDUs
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1357)
Slavin S;;; National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: Considerable interest has emerged in Western countries in recent years in cultures of injecting drug use. Social researchers increasingly employ ethnographic methods and anthropological analyses to investigate and interpret these cultures in order to identify risk practices and the reasons for them. METHODS
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrE1358)
Jarlais DC, Downing M, Vernon K, Riess TH, Mulia N, McKnight C, Edlin BR;;; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Interventions such as syringe exchange and methadone maintenance have been shown to be highly effective in reducing HIV transmission among injecting drug users (IDUs). Despite this evidence, there is continuing opposition to implementation of these programs in many countries throughout the world, including
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1359)
Zafar ST, Brahmbhatt H, ul Hassan S, Strathdee SA;;; Nai Zindagi, Islamabad, Pakistan
BACKGROUND: Situated on the Pakistan-Afghan border, Quetta is home to a growing number of Afghan refugees. Data on drug use behaviors in the region are sparse. We described HIV knowledge and risk behaviors among Pakistani and Afghan heroin users accessing services provided by Nai Zindagi, a non-profit organization assi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1360)
Inchaurraga S, Hurtado G, Escudero M, Trincheri N, Rossi M, Rossi M, Quevedo S;;; Argentinean Harm Reduction Association - Asociacion de Reduccion de Danos de la Argentina (ARDA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ISSUE: It is strong link between poverty in urban population areas known as shantytowns and growing of drug selling, distribution and use of drugs in Argentina . Social and health harms related to drugs seems to be increasing, specially on intravenous drug users (IDU) and disadvantaged populations. In this sector the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrE1361)
Dao Quang Vinh V;;; National AIDS Standing Bureau of Vietnam (NASB), Hanoi, Vietnam
BACKGROUND: Now Vietnam estimates 185,000 DUs and reports 50,000 HIV cases. 66% of the infected are IDUs. The HIV epidemic is associated with unsafe drug injection, which is highlighted by 50% to 90% IDUs sharing syringes/needles (SNs). Why do IDUs share SNs? No information is documented in the country. This study is t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1285)
Supawitkul S, Yanai H, Yoshiyama T, Nedsuwan S;;; Chiang Rai Provincial Health Office, Chiang Rai, Thailand
ISSUES: Dual TB/HIV epidemic increases the problem-complexity and the care-burden. It is essential to develop the appropriate public health strategy to contain the epidemic. DESCRIPTION: Chiang Rai, the northernmost province of Thailand , confronted the explosive HIV spread since the early 1990s. At the end of year 200
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrF1286)
Fernandes ME, Lamptey P, Costa Filho(in memorium) DC, Matos MP, Gouveia IC, Jatene AD;;; Association for Family Health, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: During 2000-2001 Association for Family Health (AFH), Family Health International (FHI), the State Department of Health and the Zerbini Foundation implemented a project to integrate HIV/AIDS/STI prevention and care to existing primary health care services at 9 health care units located in the southeast regi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1287)
Terris-Prestholt F, Kumaranayake L, Ginwalla R, Ayles H, Godfrey-Faussett P;;; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The Zambian ProTest project encouraged voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) as an entry point to integrate case management and prevention of HIV-related tuberculosis (TB). A key aim was to enhance collaboration between health services and community organisations. Core components of ProTest are co-ordinat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1288)
Schowalter L;;; NASTAD, Washington, DC, United States
ISSUE: HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) overlap greatly in their modes of transmission and populations at greatest risk of infection. In the United States , 30-40% of people infected with HIV are infected with HCV. The rate of co-infection among injection drug users (IDUs) is estimated to be between 50%-90%.
ISSUES: Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Uganda , developments have been made in the care of adults living with HIV/AIDS. However, little has been done to cater for the growing numbers of children infected with HIV in terms of care services, counseling and prevention. DESCRIPTION: A one year pilot progra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1290)
Goga AE, Mazibuko SN, de Klerk HE, Loening WE;;; National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
ISSUES: Infant care and follow up is crucial in programmes that prevent HIV transmission from mother to child (PMTCT). In many African countries including South Africa (SA) PMTCT (and therefore infant follow-up) is being integrated into existing routine maternal and child health services. The Integrated Management of C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1326)
Chirila O, Petrea S, Cotoanta V, Voicu I;;; The Institute of Infectious Diseases Matei Bals, Bucharest, Romania
BACKGROUND: HIV status is still associated with guilt, secrecy, social stigma and discrimination. Many parents still believe they protect their HIV positive children keeping the secret of diagnosis and they are resisting to disclosure. Some of them are terrified about the children s reaction - exposure to a very painfu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1327)
Power R, Duran R, Palmer L, Koopman C, Gore-Felton C, Israelski DM, Porter J, Spiegel D;;; Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
BACKGROUND: Persons living with HIV disease risk the possibility of negative consequences when revealing their seropositive status to people in their social network. This study examined disclosure of HIV status in relation to depression and social support in an ethnically diverse sample of men and women. METHODS: We re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1328)
Santos GM;;; Gapa-Ba, Salvador, Brazil
ISSUE: The phenomenon of feminization of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil , characterized by the high increase of the infection among women, has also brought an increase in the number of children who are born with the virus or who become orphans due to the death of one or both parents. This situation has caused a series of
Issues (Problems) Thai nurses and a social worker visit HIV-positive children at home in metropolitan Bangkok. Besides medical problems the children have psychosocial problems of multifactoral origin. The children are orphans and miss strong family links; they are often sick and drop out of school; they don t have any
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1330)
Medved W, Calzavara L, Ryder K, Myers T;;; HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: To examine patterns of disclosure of HIV-positive status to sexual partners and significant others by MSM. METHODS: Recently infected men and women enrolled in the Polaris cohort are recruited through Ontario s HIV diagnostic laboratory, physicians and community organizations. In-depth qualitative interview
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1331)
Cornu C, Castle C, Chabala T, Mwanza D, Ouedraogo A;;; International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Brighton, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: In 1994 42 national governments committed to support greater involvement of PLHA, and to strengthen networks of PLHA & PLHA support groups. However, there has been little research exploring dynamics of self-help among HIV+ people, particularly factors affecting success & sustainability of PLHA group
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1362)
Castle CJ, Solomon S, Swarnalakshmi S, Thomas S, Priya S, Costello-Daly C;;; Horizons/International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Concerns have been expressed that greater attention to HIV/AIDS care and support may detract from prevention efforts. Yet others hypothesize that efforts to strengthen care can also improve prevention. YRG CARE, with support from the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, is working with NGO partners in four site
Though 70% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) in Thailand seek cares from health sectors, self-care by family members (86%) and drug sellers who have no pharmacy training (23%) are common. The opportunistic infection (OI) self-care interventions were performed during 2000-01. It aimed to strengthen appropriate care
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1364)
Etzel MA, Comulada WS, Swendeman DT, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Mattes KM, Weiss RE;;; UCLA-NPI Center for Community Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has raised fears about increased HIV transmission acts among those receiving medications. Knowing that a low viral load is related to HIV transmission, it is thought that those taking HAART may increase their transmission acts. Utilization of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1365)
Carmona A;;; Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy may be limited by poor adherence. Non-adherent patients should be enhanced to improve their adherence condition and therapy outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the improvement of adherence in severe non-adherent patients (SNAP) who received continuous and personalised coun
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrF1366)
Kabore M, Konan-Koko R, Eholie S, Bissagnene E, Kacou RA, Kadio A;;; NGO-Amepouh, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the rate and process of disclosure of the HIV status to partners among patients taking ARV in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire . METHODS: A cross-sectorial survey was carried out among patients on ARV with a stable partner attending the University Hospital in Abidjan addressing the question disc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrF1367)
Carneiro-da-Cunha C, Kerrigan D, Malta M, Fortuna M, Strathdee S, Bastos F;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ISSUE: Adherence to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is important for both persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) as well as public health, since non-compliance may promote transmission of HIV-resistant strains. DESCRIPTION: 18 focus groups, consisting of 11 PLWHA on average, were conducted with socially dis
ISSUES: advocacy, legislation, role and strategies of PWA s in the process of defending our rights. DESCRIPTION: Since 1998, when created a multidisciplinary commission in VIVO POSITIVO, with the participation of a variety of social representatives, for the analysis of the existing national legal project, the different
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1292)
Castle CJ, Cornu C, Dua R, Herrera D, Nadkarni V, Ouedraogo A, Velasco N;;; Horizons//International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Greater involvement of PLHA is a critical response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Yet little research exists exploring how it affects their quality of life and NGO policies & services. METHODS: We examined the effects of PLHA involvement in NGOs in Burkina Faso , Zambia ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1293)
Ramaiah A;;; Positives Womens Network, Bangalore, India
ISSUES: There is growing acknowledgment of the unique threat that HIV/AIDS is posing women in India , very little attention has been focused on the challenges women face living with the realities of the epidemic. Women in India have long been a neglected community. Access to health services are poor, especially HIV pos
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1295)
Brito DI, Luna-Cadena AI, Briain W, Cabrera-Resendiz JG, Osornio JP;;; Red Mexicana de Personas que Viven con VIH/SIDA, Mexico City, Mexico
ISSUES: The development of innovative HIV education materials is needed in Mexico. There is a growing need for culturally-specific HIV education services for Spanish-speaking migrants in Canada . DESCRIPTION: This project developed skills building activities for persons infected/affected by HIV/AIDS on specific themes
ISSUE: Since the 1994 Paris Declaration, GIPA has been integrated into this document. Since then nothing has been implemented in most of the program areas in terms of greater involvement of PLWHAs and the affected others. METHODOLOGY: Multisectoral involvement in program planning, designing and implementing is very cru
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1332)
Leonchuk N, Lexhentsev K, Zhovtyak V;;; All-Ukrainian Network of PLWHAs, Odessa, Ukraine
ISSUES: In Ukraine HIV has affected an estimated 1% of the population and the country has one of the fastest growing infection rates world-wide. With the beginning of the epidemic in 1995, a significant number of PLWHA may progress towards AIDS soon. Therefore, a strong voice to call for access to treatment options for
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1333)
Esguerra RP, Fonacier-Fellizar IF;;; Non-Governmental Organization, Metro Manila, Philippines
ISSUES: In 1998, the Philippines enacted an HIV/AIDS Law i.e. R.A. 8504. The National AIDS Council (PNAC) was reconstituted. Composed of Government and Non-governmental stakeholders, PNAC is responsible for formulating and recommending policies along HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control; and stirring and monitoring the impl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1334)
Azenha MF, Taglietta MF, Tironi MA, Nunes JS, Campos RL, Kropsch LJ, Kaufman A;;; Ministry of health, Brasilia, Brazil
ISSUES: The Brazilian STD/AIDS Programme is one of the most effective programmes in the world, due to parallel development of prevention and care activities, the importance given to human rights and high priority to ensuring retroviral therapy to all patients free of charge. Meanwhile, the AIDS pandemic remains a subst
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1335)
Gachara M, Elkins DB;;; National AIDS Control Council, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUE: Kenya has moved from an MOH model to a multi-sectoral National AIDS Control Council (NACC). In the introduction of the NACC, many hurdles have been faced in its legal status, capacities, responsibilities, functions and sector roles. DESCRIPTION: In November 1999 a National Strategic Plan was ratified and a multi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WeOrG1336)
Kagame J, Thurman S;;; First Lady, Kigali, Rwanda
ISSUE: Leadership at all levels is fundamental to effective action against AIDS. Given the disproportionate impact of AIDS on women and girls in Africa - the voices of women are essential. The African First Ladies Alliance Against AIDS was formed to focus attention on the special challenges facing women, children, and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1337)
Wright S;;; Mr, London, United Kingdom
ISSUES: Members of Parliament play a vital role in determining the extent and nature of political responses to HIV/AIDS. By forming all-party groups or committees, they can formalise this role and maximise their influence. Human rights must be the framework for national and international action, rather than addressing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1368)
Kumaranayake L, Watts C, Vickerman P;;; LSHTM, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The implementation of HIV prevention projects is often characterised by interruptions in financing or disrupted supplies of commodities. Reasons for these include delays in the receipt of donor money by the project, short-term funding cycles with gaps between tranches of money, and external factors such as
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1369)
Valdiserri RO, Ogden L, Janssen R, Onorato I;;; Centers for Disease Control &Prev., Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: In January 2001, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a new five year strategic plan (SP) that seeks to reduce the number of new HIV infections in the U.S. from an estimated 40,000 to 20,000 per year by 2005. Utilizing a national, iterative consultation process, specific object
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1370)
Rahman M, Azim T, Baatsen P, Pisani E;;; National AIDS Committee, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ISSUES: HIV prevention is most effective when it begins early in the epidemic. However it has historically been difficult to put the epidemic on the political agenda in a country before HIV prevalence is high and AIDS deaths become common. DESCRIPTION: Recently, some countries have presented data on their own risk prof
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1371)
Beaston-Blaakman AP, Tselayakgosi M, Saint-Victor R, Traore N, Semini I;;; Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
ISSUES. Estimating the costs of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in Africa and other parts of the world is critical for efficient resource allocation and effective, organized care for those with this devastating disease. The process of estimating HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment costs is extremely complicated due to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WeOrG1372)
Day J, Nandakumar AK, Connor C, Kombe G, Frakt A, Murphy M, Leighton C;;; Abt Associates Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
ISSUES: There is growing national and international pressure to make antiretroviral (ARV) treatment available to HIV/AIDS patients in low resource countries. However, limited information exists on how much it would cost to effectively introduce ARV treatment in the developing world. Extensive data on cost and cost-effe
ISSUES: Behavioural surveillance is an intrinsic component of HIV surveillance contributing to an improved understanding of the HIV epidemic. Behavioural data help explain trends in prevalence in mature epidemics, detect risk behaviour in the populations and focus prevention activities in high risk groups in low or con
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5713)
Garcia F, Arnedo M, Plana M, Gil C, Caballero M, Alos L, Martinez E, Miro JM, Blanch JL, Cruceta A, Mestre G, Pumarola T, Gallart T, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: To analyze the association of the tonsillar tissue viral burden with plasma viral load, peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and LPR before any ART and after 1 year of ART. METHODS: Measurements of plasma, tonsillar tissue viral load (TTVL), LS, and LPR to mitogens and specific antigens were performed at d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5714)
Abbate I, Cappiello G, Longo R, Ursitti A, Calcaterra S, Spano A, Capobianchi MR;;; S.Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND. Cell-derived membrane proteins (CMP) acquired by HIV provide information of its cellular source. CMP profile of HIV present in paired plasma and spinal fluid samples from AIDS patients, as well quasispecies evolution in env and gag regions. METHODS. CMP profile was established by immunocapture of purified v
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5715)
Taylor MM, Chohan B, Lavreys L, Huang ML, Corey L, Richardson B, Ashley R, Mandaliya K, Bwayo J, Kreiss J;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus-8, the causative agent of Kaposi s sarcoma, was evaluated to determine risk factors and correlates of shedding among commercial sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya . METHODS: Women found to be seropositive for HHV8 by ELISA (OD value >0.2) were examined for the shed
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5716)
Sherefa-Kemal K, Foley B, Burger H, Anastos K, Minkoff H, Kitchen CR, Gao W, Robison E, Holman S, Dehner C, Meyer III WA, Landay A, Kovacs A, Bremer J, Davenny K, Weiser B;;; Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health, Albany, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, a large fraction of HIV-1 infections have been transmitted through exposure to virus in the female genital tract, yet the vast majority of virologic analyses have focussed on HIV-1 in blood of men. To understand HIV-1 pathogenesis and halt its spread, it is critical to study virus in the genital
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5717)
Ziccheddu M, Serra C, Biolchini A, Arru G, Dolei A;;; Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
BACKGROUND. Breast-feeding is responsible for one of the mucosal routes of HIV transmission. Milk-borne transmission is thought to occur mainly via virus-infected cells, since free virions are likely to be rapidly inactivated, mainly by child s saliva. We studied the cells present in human milk, in order to clarify the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5718)
Gimeno A, Portilla J, Plazas J, nchez-Paya J, Ochando M, Merino E, Boix V, Llopis C, Polache J, Pardo MA, nchez R, Gascon I;;; S. Microbiologia. Hospital General de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a method for sampling and processing cervico-vaginal secretions to quantify HIV-1 nucleic acids (DNA+RNA) and HIV-1 RNA. METHODS: Cervico-vaginal secretions were aspirated directly HIV-1 positive women. Samples were washed in 0.5 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Sample weight was determined m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5719)
Kaneda T, Hagiwara T, Hattori J, Utsumi M;;; Department of Clinical Research, Nagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
BACKGROUND: Using a PNA-probed in situ hybridization method (PNA-ISH), we detected the HIV-1 provirus in peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected individuals under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and determined its positivity. METHODS: Samples: 62 samples of CD4+ T lymphocytes were purified from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5720)
Wada K, Nagai H, Hagiwara T, Hotta N, Utsumi M, Kaneda T;;; Department of Clinical Research, Nagoya National Hospital,, Nagoya, Japan
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 proviral DNA persists in CD4+ cells in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue even in patients with a suppressed plasma RNA level. Therefore, a sensitive method for quantifying total HIV-1 DNA in infected cells is required for monitoring highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: The PCR primers and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5721)
Rubbert A, Woehrmann A, Passon D, Juette A, Salzberger B, Faetkenheuer G;;; Med Dep I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
BACKGROUND: CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV infected patients have recently been shown to harbor HIV RNA. Little is known about how this viral reservoir within CD8+ lymphocytes responds to HAART therapy METHODS: PBMC were obtained from 25 HIV infected patients before and after initiation of HAART at 3, 6 and 12 months and ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5722)
Harrer T, Hauber J, Low P, Schmitt M, Schwingel E, Kalden JR, Hauber I;;; Department of Medicine III, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
BACKGROUND: Although HAART can suppress HIV-1 plasma viremia below the limit of detection of the available assays, there are concerns that low level HIV replication could lead to emergence of drug resistance. Thus, there is a need for sensitive assays to measure HIV-1 replication beyond plasma RNA assays. To assess per
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5723)
Martinez MA, Parera M, Clotet B;;; Fundacio irsiCaixa. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
We have previously studied the reservoir of HIV-1 present in PBMCs of 10 infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) by measuring over time levels of unintegrated and integrated cell-associated viral DNA. In addition, we have also investigated the HIV-1 integrated provirus sequence variation in t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5724)
Yoshimura K, Kimura T, Wang F, Kim J, Koito A, Matsushita S;;; Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
BACKGROUND: Ongoing HIV-1 residual replication during HAART remains a major obstacle in our therapeutic effort, especially for structured treatment interruptions (STI). To better understand the level of residual replication in vivo, we examined both of proviral DNA levels and turnover of T lymphocytes in patients with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5725)
Margolis DM, Johnson HJ, Ylisastigui LL;;; Univ. Texas Southwestern/Dallas VAMC, Dallas, United States
BACKGROUND: Due to persistent HIV-1 infection within resting CD4+ T cells, eradication of HIV infection is not yet possible. The host factors YY1 and LSF cooperatively recruit histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and inhibit transcription and virus production. Therapies that target thes
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5726)
Nagai H, Wada K, Tawada Y, Morishita T, Utsumi M, Nishiyama Y, Kaneda T;;; Department of Clinical Research, Nagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
BACKGROUND: A method to quantify cellular HIV-1 mRNA, multiple-spliced-mRNA (MS-mRNA) and unspliced-mRNA (US-mRNA), was established. Using this quantitative assay method, we monitored the transcriptional activity of HIV-1 provirus in CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected patients. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5727)
Iyengar S, Finny JG, Zhang H, Chancey C, Schwartz DH;;; Dept Molec Micro &Immunol, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: All HIV-1, 2, and SIV strains are CD4 dependent in cells of the host species from which they were isolated, and it is widely stated that all SIV strains use CCR5 rather than CXCR4. CD4 and/or CKR variation among primate species could be barriers to lentivirus xeno-transmission. We examined the CD4 and chemo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5728)
Armand-Ugon M, Quinones-Mateu M, Gutierrez A, Barretina J, Blanco J, Schols D, Clercq ED, Clotet B, Este JA;;; Fundacio IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain
HIV-1 strains with a syncytium-inducing phenotype that use CXCR4 (X4 strains) have been associated with faster disease progression and AIDS. Antiviral agents designed to block CXCR4 may prevent the emergence of X4 HIV strains but resistant strains that maintain the X4 phenotype can be raised by sequential passage in ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5731)
Biswas P, Malnati M, Galli A, Capiluppi B, Piergiovanni S, Scarlatti G, Lazzarin A, Lusso P, Tambussi G;;; San Raffaelel Scientific Instiute, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: Plasma viral load presents a biphasic decay with rapid elimination of free virus in the first weeks followed by a slower second phase decay of plasma viremia. Aim of our study is to evaluate the kinetics of HIV-DNA in sequentially purified cell subsets, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5732)
Varnier OE, McDermott JL, Bertolotti F, Martini I, Levreri I, Murdaca G, Campelli A, Puppo F;;; Inst Microbiology, School of Medicine, University, Genova, Italy
ISSUES: Measurement of plasma RNA levels is considered the best prognostic marker for predicting clinical outcome in HIV-1 infection and is also a marker of therapy efficacy. Viral load is measured every 3 to 6 months in treated subjects, yet following HAART, it is drastically reduced to undetectable levels. However, l
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5733)
Kumar B, Wanchu A, Bhatnagar A;;; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgradaute Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh,, Chandigarh, India
BACKGROUND: Apoptosis is an important cause of destruction of CD4 + T lymphocytes among patients with HIV infection. Transduction of apoptotic signals is mediated, among others by Fas ligand. It signals through an intracellular transduction pathway via an adapter molecule called Fas-associated death domain (FADD), whic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5734)
Anthony K, Sereti I, Orenstein J, DerSimonian R, Herpin B, Metcalf J, Lane HC, Polis M;;; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: CD4 lymphopenia is a cardinal manifestation of HIV infection. Increased T cell turnover has been proposed as an important mechanism of CD4 depletion. To study the effect of changes in T cell turnover induced by HAART on CD4 recovery, blood and lymph nodes (LN) were evaluated in patients before and after HAA
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5735)
Chattopadhyay PK, Chadwick K, Phair JP, Detels R, Rinaldo CR, Hellerstein MK, Margolick JB;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: T cell homeostasis (TCH) failure, which usually precedes AIDS, is characterized by declining CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, but whether it results from increased T cell destruction, insufficient T cell proliferation, or decreased thymic output is unknown. METHODS: Using longitudinally stored peripheral blood
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5736)
Fraser C, Ferguson NM, Donnelly CA, Coutinho R, Miedema F, Goudsmit J, Lange J, Anderson RM, de Wolf F;;; Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The mechanism by which HIV infection results in the depletion of CD4+ T cells remains controversial. We present and test a novel mathematical model of CD4 cell depletion that relates current knowledge of viral dynamics to the observed trends in HIV pathogenesis. We test the hypothesis that the dominant rout
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5737)
Bakri Y, Mannioui A, Sanchez F, Ylisastigui L, Gluckman JC, Benjouad A;;; Faculte des sciences, Rabat, Morocco
BACKGROUND. Macrophages are cells of immune system that are part of the viral reservoir persistence of HIV-1 in vivo. Even though macrophages express CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4, they allow replication of R5 and dual-tropic R5X4 but not X4 HIV-1 strains. Activating cells of the immune system may stimulate HIV-1 replication an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5738)
Stamatos NM, Mitchell JB, Curreli S, Zella D, Cross AS;;; Institute of Human Virology and Div. of Infectious Diseases/Univ. of Maryland Med. Ctr., Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes into macrophages or immature dendritic cells establishes a permissive state for growth of HIV-1. Monocytes express increased endogenous sialidase activity as they differentiate. We determined whether desialylation of glycoconjugates on the surface of undifferent
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5739)
McCoombe SG, Cameron PU, Short RV;;; Dept. of Zoology / Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
BACKGROUND: Little is known about where HIV-1 enters the human penis, but the protective effect of male circumcision suggests that the foreskin is involved. Langerhans cells that contain specific HIV-1 receptors are located in the foreskin, glans penis and frenulum, but an overlying layer of keratin could prevent viral
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5740)
Li M, Cameron PU, Short RV;;; Pregnancy Research Centre, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
BACKGROUND: The human vaginal epithelium is well-supplied with HIV-1 receptive Langerhans cells, overlain by a stratified squamous epithelium. This epithelium is oestrogen-dependent, being thickest at around the time of ovulation, and thinnest just before menstruation. Could oestrogen treatment be used to decrease a wo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5741)
Lamprecht JH, Austin ME, Freestone MW, Bouic PJ, Clark A, Brittle W;;; Department of Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Studies using non-SPF laboratory cats as a model for testing putative immune modulating drugs, were reported earlier. This study was performed to determine if FIV+, SPF cats housed in a barrier unit would be a superior model. METHODS: A group of 8 purpose bred SPF cats housed in a barrier unit was infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5742)
Kourtis AP, Ibegbu CI, Scinicariello F, Chen ZW;;; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in the macaque is a model of HIV pathogenesis. KB9, a molecular clone of SHIV 89.6P, has been shown to be very virulent, inducing rapid and profound CD4+ T cell loss in rhesus macaques, followed by partial recovery in some. METHODS: We intravenously inocu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5743)
Pandrea I, Onanga R, Makuwa M, Rouquet P, Bourry O, Ngari P, Bedjabaga I, Apetrei C, Roques P;;; Departement de Virologie, Centre International de Recherches Medicales, Franceville, Gabon
BACKGROUND. SIVmnd-1 infects mandrills in natura. Mechanisms of virus persistence in wild population might include its vertical transmission, as reported in CIRMF semi-free colony of mandrills. However, the mechanism(s) and timing of transmission were not investigated to date. Here we present the first study of SIVmnd-
During human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, disease progression correlates with the occurence of variants using the co-receptor CXCR4 for cell entry. In contrast, simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys (SIVagm3mc), a non-pathogenic virus, uses CCR5, Bob and Bonzo as co-receptors thro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5747)
Bull ME, Vahlenkamp TW, Tompkins MB, Tompkins WA;;; Immunology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) cause lymph node (LN) T cell apoptosis that correlates with development of immunodeficiency. The mechanism(s) mediating T cell apoptosis and immunodeficiency remain controversial. FIV-infected domestic cats provide a useful animal mo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5748)
Biberfeld P, Castanos-Velez E, Heiden T, Lindvall C, Sandlund A, Biberfeld G;;; Immunopathology Lab., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: Next to Kaposi s sarcoma, malignant lymphoma is the most frequent malignancy of AIDS patients (ARL). In our Primate Center we have observed a high frequency of lymphomas (sARL) in non-human primates developing simian AIDS after SIV infection. The characteristics of 32 such sARL are summarized here. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5749)
Benlhassan-Chahour K, Penit C, Vaslin B, Dioszeghy V, Dereudre-Bosquet N, Delache B, Feuillat-Aubenque C, Vasseur F, Dormont D, Grand RL;;; Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of post-exposure prophylaxis with HAART on T-cell proliferation and activation during primary infection of macaques with pathogenic SIV. METHODS: 12 Macaques were infected iv with SIVmac251 (50 AID50) and were then treated twice a day for a month (4h to 28 days postexposure). Group 1 rec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5750)
Scoggins R, Olivieri K, Matthews A, Brodrick B, Taylor J Jr., Chernauskas D, Camerini D;;; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
BACKGROUND: AIDS-associated R5 HIV-1 (R5-AIDS HIV-1) biological clones have greater cytopathic effects (CPE) for CD4+ thymocytes and replicate to higher levels than pre-AIDS R5 biological clones in SCID mice bearing human thymus liver grafts (SCID-hu mice). We hypothesize that the env and nef genes encode the cytopathi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5751)
nig RR, Steidl S, Neumann J, Coulibaly C, Holznagel E, Holzammer S, Cichutek K, Norley S;;; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany
During human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, disease progression correlates with the occurence of variants using the co-receptor CXCR4 for cell entry. In contrast, simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys (SIVagm3mc), a non-pathogenic virus, uses CCR5, Bob and Bonzo as co-receptors thro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5752)
Wetzel K, Schielke E;;; Department of Neurology, Charite, Berlin, Germany
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 enters the central nervous system early in the infectious process and HIV-1 associated dementia is the most devastating complication attributed primary to the virus. Only a few of antiretroviral drugs, such as AZT ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5753)
Trillo-Pazos G, Sharer LR, Morgello S, Volsky DJ;;; SLRHC, Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 predominantly infects brain macrophages and microglia. The infection of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons is still debated. Using the laser capture microdisection (LCM) technique we tested if HIV-1 DNA is found in different cell types in the human brain during HIV encephalitis. METHODS: Frontal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5754)
Persidsky Y, Weber G, Persidsky R, Zelivyanskaya M, Ikezu T;;; Ctr. Neurovirol., UNMC, Omaha, United States
The BBB is impaired in HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE), and the mechanism for BBB dysfunction is not well understood. Examination of brain tissue from subjects with HIVE revealed that brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMVEC) tight junction (TJ) integrity is diminished (down-regulation of TJ proteins, ZO-1 and occludin) a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5755)
Bossuet C, Vaufrey F, Conde F, Hantraye P, Grand RL, Gras G;;; C.E.A. DSV/DRM. EPHE-CRSSA. 1, route du panorama., BP6 92265 Fontenay aux roses CEDEX, France
BACKGROUND: HIV infection of the central nervous system (CNS) results in clinical and pathological abnormalities associated with brain structural damages, inflammation, dendritic and synaptic damages, and neuronal loss. Neuronal injury is also suggested by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) that demonstrated a decre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5756)
Cousinou M, mez JA, Selma D, Valiente R, Trouillet I, Herran M, Martin MA, Vergara A;;; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
BACKGROUND: actual literature reports adding cidofovir to HAART results in a more effective control of JC virus, and an improved neurological outcome and survival in patients with AIDS-associated PML than when using HAART alone. METHODS: retrospective, descriptive study of patients with PML+AIDS treated with HAART+cido
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5757)
Ghorpade A, Swindells S, Persidsky Y, Borgmann K, Persidsky R, Holter S, Cotter R, Carlson K, McComb R, Bruch L, Gendelman HE;;; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
BACKGROUND: Mononuclear phagocyte (MP) infection and immune activation underlies the neurodegeneration of HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD). The dynamics of this process are poorly understood. To address this issue, we established a rapid autopsy program for isolation, purification and study of primary neural cells from
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5758)
Poluektova LY, Faraci JA, Persidsky YV, Gendelman HE;;; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Omaha, United States
BACKGROUND: A small animal model was developed to study immunopathogenesis and therapeutics for HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE). METHODS: PBL from HLA-A2-positive donors were injected into NOD-SCID mice generating hu-PBL-NOD-SCID chimeras. HIVE was created by stereotactic injection of syngeneic HIV-1ADA-infected human monocy
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5759)
Monini P, Chiozzini C, Leone P, Baccarini S, Moracci G, Gloghini A, Carbone A, Ensoli B;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND. PEL are rare lymphomas of the body cavities whose incidence is highly increased in the setting of HIV infection. To target the body cavities, PEL cells must migrate from distant body sites to the serous membranes. This requires the polarization of the migrating cell that is most efficiently induced by chemo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5760)
Sgadari C, Barillari G, Toschi E, Carlei D, Palladino C, Bussolino F, Monini P, Ensoli B;;; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: a reduced incidence or the regression of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) has been described in HIV-1-infected patients treated with HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI). KS is a vascular disease particularly frequent and aggressive in HIV-1/human herpesvirus 8 co-infected individuals. Lesion formation, in turn, is mediated
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5761)
Rimessi P, Fabris M, Bonaccorsi A, Caputo A, Gloghini A, Carbone A, Ensoli B, Monini P;;; Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
BACKGROUND. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are rare lymphoma of the body cavities invariably associated with infection by HHV8, which is mostly present in PEL cells in the form of latent virus. In order to localize in the body cavities, PEL cells must transmigrate through lymphatic or vascular endothelium. This requir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5762)
Tornesello ML, Salatiello I, Duraturo ML, Sansone M, Piccolo R, Buonaguro L, Buonaguro FM;;; Ist.Naz.Tumori, Naples, Italy
BACKGROUND: Cervical human HPV infection is more common among HIV+ than HIV- women and is associated with higher rates of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). In HIV+ women a large number of HPV types are present and little is known on the relationship between HPV types and evolution of HPV-related lesions.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5763)
Zijenah LS, Hartogensis WE, Katzenstein DA, Tobaiwa O, Mutswangwa J, Mason PR, Louie LG;;; University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) is endemic in Zimbabwe , increasing dramatically with the onset of the HIV epidemic in the late 80 s. TB is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-1 infected individuals. HLA genes may influence disease progression.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5764)
Duggal P, An P, Beaty TH, Strathdee SA, Farzadegan H, Markham RB, O'Brien SJ, Vlahov D, Winkler CA;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: STRL33 (Bonzo/CXCR6) is a chemokine receptor and the primary co-receptor in SIV infection. Polymorphisms in other chemokine receptor genes have been associated with the progression to AIDS among HIV-positive patients, but no association with STRL33 has been reported to date. Since clinical AIDS is a compila
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5765)
Dorak MT, Tang J, Westfall AO, Zulu IS, Lobashevsky E, Leakeas CL, Schaen MM, Kancheya NG, Allen SA, Kaslow RA;;; UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
BACKGROUND: Transmission of HIV-1 is largely heterosexual in populations at highest risk. Whereas previous immunogenetic studies of HIV-1 transmission have concentrated on men who have sex with men and mother-child pairs, we investigated HLA class I markers of heterosexual infectiousness and susceptibility in cohabitin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5766)
Jaye A, Todd J, Njie H, Marshall S, Berry N, Ariyoshi K, Schim van der Loeff M, Aaby P, Whittle HC;;; MRC Laboratories, Banjul, Gambia
OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of HLA and non-HLA genetic polymorphisms in resistance to HIV-2 infection and disease. Design: A case-control and a cases-only cohort study. METHODS: one hundred and thirty three HIV-2 infected cases and 160 seronegative controls were recruited in 1991 in a Manjago village in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5767)
Jin X, Gao XJ, Ramanathan M, Deschenes GR, Nelson G, O'Brien SJ, Ho DD, O'Brien TR, Carrington M;;; Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, United States
BACKGROUND: Our previous data indicate that HIV-1-infected individuals with certain HLA-B*35 allelic variants (B*3502/3503/3504/5301) (B*35-Px) have more rapid disease progression than those with the B*3501/3508 (B*35-PY). The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not clear. METHODS: To examine whether cellula
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5768)
Pretorius D, Zeier M, Vorster E, Kruger A, Venter C, Kotze MJ;;; University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The complexity of interaction between infectious agents and host cells raises the possibility that genetic variants of any of the host molecules involved in host response to infection might affect clinical outcome in HIV seropositive subjects. The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP1)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5769)
Handley AJ, Bennett C, Cameron PU;;; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
BACKGROUND: Host genetic markers that protect from HIV infection, increase disease progression or slow progression by rate of CD4 T cell decline have been associated with Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) haplotypes. The effect of a variant in the TNF gene located in the gene dense central HLA region between Class I and II
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5770)
Corvasce S, Mazzucchelli R, Cozzi-Lepri A, Rezza G, Fiorini C, Ursitti MA, Ippolito G, Moroni M, Balotta C;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases - University of Milan, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: CCR5-~32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3 A alleles may affect HIV-1 disease progression, both alone or in combination. The epidemiological studies performed up to date in seroprevalent HIV-1 populations failed to unequivocally identify a correlation between specific CCR5, CCR2 and SDF-1 genotypes and different rates o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5771)
Kleeberger SR, Jedlicka AE, Seaberg EC, Schwartz DA;;; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, United States
BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLR) have recently been shown to be important modulators of innate immunity, a critical component of resistance to HIV infection and AIDS progression. TLR4 has been implicated as a determinant of HIV infection and viral replication in vitro. TLR4 also mediates responses to Gram-negative
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5772)
Fang G, Kuiken C, Weiser B, Rowland-Jones S, Plummer F, Chen CH, Kaul R, Anzala AO, Bwayo J, Oyugi J, Gaschen B, Lang D, Philpott S, Beddows S, Sattenau Q, Kitchen CR, Paxinos E, Burger H;;; Wadsworth Center, Albany, United States
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis and pace of HIV-1 disease progression reflect the interactions among viral genomic sequences, host genetics, and immune responses. Slowly progressive HIV-1 infection has been studied in the West, where clade B HIV-1 is predominant. In Africa, clade B is rare, and multiple viral clades and r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5773)
Morlese JF, Qazi NA, Hardy G, Abbas R, Gazzard BG, Imami N;;; St. Stephen's Centre, Chelsea &Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The progression of HIV-1 infection is slower in a group of patients deemed the long term non progressors (LTNPs). In these LTNPs the HIV-1 specific helper-T lymphocyte (HTL) responses are more vigorous than in normal progressor patients. It is believed that these responses are capable of suppressing ongoing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5774)
Farrow MA, Sullivan JL, Greenough TC, Somasundaran M;;; University of Massachusetts Medical Center Department of Pediatrics Program in Molecular Medicine Center for AIDS Research, Worcester, MA, United States
The study of viral isolates from long term non-progressors (LTNP) often provides insight into naturally occurring attenuating mutations. LTNP viruses have been shown to harbor extensive mutations in the vif gene. Virus produced from restrictive cells in the absence of functional Vif is defective at a step post-penentra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5775)
Ghezzi S, Morsica G, Vicenzi E, Pacciarini F, Santagostino E, Gringeri A, Carminati G, Cusini M, Lazzarin A, Poli G;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
BACKGROUND.LTNP are fundamental for understanding the nature of a protective immune response. A cohort of 47 individuals belonging to different risk categories was established in 1994 (Milano cohort).METHODS. All individuals were periodically for:CD4+ T cell counts, plasma viremia, PBMC-associated HIV DNA load, HIV iso
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5776)
Lopalco L, Barassi C, Ghezzi S, Pastore C, Poli G, Lazzarin A;;; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that individuals producing anti-CCR5 HIV neutralizing antibodies are protected from HIV infection. We searched for anti CCR5 Abs in Long Term Non Progressors (LTNP) patients, and we analyzed CCR5 epitopes recognised by Ig from LTNP to identify the antigenic correlates of HIV-1 neutr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5777)
Gil del Valle L, Martinez G, Gonzalez I, Tarinas A, Molina R, Alvarez A, Ramos F, Luzardo C, Tapanes R, Perez J, Nunez A;;; IPK, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
BACKGROUND: Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes persistent chronic inflammation. Viral Tat protein plays a role in the intracellular increase of reactive oxygen species which in turn influence the increase in the apoptosis index, mainly the one mediated by CD95 causing a decrease of CD4 + T cell lymp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5778)
Esposito V, Gargiulo M, Loiacono L, Montesarchio V, Parrella R, Sangiovanni V, Chirianni A;;; III Div. A.O. D. Cotugno, Napoli, Italy
BACKGROUND: Recent identification of cdk9/cyclin T in the TAK (Tat-associated kinase) multiprotein complex, a cofactor targeted by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) protein named Tat, suggests a role for this protein in controlling transcription elongation. We characterized a polyclonal antiserum against
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5779)
Grivel JC, Ito Y, Faga G, Fitzgerald WS, Santoro F, Malnati MS, Lusso P, Margolis LB;;; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: Progression to AIDS is associated with the emergence of concurrent infections that affect the course of HIV disease by mechanisms that remain unknown. A lymphotropic agent human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been proposed as a cofactor in AIDS progression. We studied how HHV-6 affects HIV-1 infection in human l
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5780)
Kashamuka MM, Nzila NE, Milangu B, Atibu JL, Mussey KL, Lubaki NM, Quinn TC, Bollinger RC, Kumar N;;; Projet SIDA, Kinshasa, Congo, the Democratic Republic of fhe
BACKGROUND: Co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus and malaria is common in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since HIV infection results in immune deficiency, it may alter the ability of HIV patients to mount proper immune responses against malaria parasites. Immune activation associated with malaria infection could enhance H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5781)
Goletti D, Carrara S, Vincenti D, Ippolito G, Giacomini E, Fattorini L, Garbuglia AR, Capobianchi MR, Federico M, Coccia E;;; IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Roma, Italy
Tuberculosis is a global health problem with one third of the world s population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtB). It has been demonstrated that MtB increases HIV-1 replication in lymphomononuclear cells. Controversial results have been obtained on the impact of MtB on HIV-1 replication of macrophages.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5782)
Kositanont U, Wasi C, Wanprapar N, Bowonkiratikachorn P, Chokephaibulkit K, Chearskul S, Chimabutra K, Sutthent R, Yamanishi K;;; 1Department of Microbiology,, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infections in 227 children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive mothers were investigated. Of 41 HIV-uninfected infants in 1-3 months of age, 6, 4, and 19% were infected with HHV-6, HHV-7, and CMV, respectively.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5783)
Pritrykin DA, Velichenko VV;;; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
The paper deals with defining HIV-infection treatment strategies by means of mathematical optimal control theory. The objective is to apply computing techniques developed for complex dynamic systems to medical issues and illustrate their effectiveness in solving certain problems of immune therapy. The computer algoryth
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5784)
Muddapur MV;;; University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
BACKGROUND. HIV/AIDS is undoubtedly the greatest epidemic challenge facing science and mankind and likely to remain so far a very long time. It is known that the Botswana is one of the African country which is hard hit by this epidemic, and it has still a growing tendency in spite of the Government and other agencies e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5785)
Kpozehouen A, Alioum A, Anglaret X, Van De Perre P, Chene G, Dri-Yoman T, Salamon R;;; INSERM U.330, Bordeaux, France
BACKGROUND: From 1996 to 1998,a placebo-controlled trial was done in Cote d Ivoire to assess the efficacy of cotrimoxazole (CMX) prophylaxis in reducing severe morbidity in adults at early stages of HIV-infection. The Data Safety Monitoring Board recommended to stop this trial when the second interim frequentist analys
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5786)
Godoy P, Dominguez A, Alvarez J, Camps N, Jansa JM, Alcaide J, Minguell S;;; Institution, Lleida, Spain
BACKGROUND. The main factor responsible for producing new cases of tuberculosis by exogen transmission is the existence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum of tuberculosis patients. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with cases of pulmonary tuberculosis coinfected by HIV wi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5787)
Caragol I, Bertran JM, Hernandez M, Espanol T;;; Immunology Unit, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Progression to AIDS in HIV-infected individuals has been associated to a shift from TH1 to TH2 cells. We studied a group of HIV-infected children to investigate such association. METHODS: We studied intracellular expression of type 1 and 2 cytokines(ICC) in CD4 and CD8T cells, CD28 and CD38 expression in CD
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5788)
Mackewicz CE, Wang B, Metkar S, Ritchey M, Froelich C, Levy JA;;; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: CD8+ lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals produce a soluble factor in vitro that inhibits HIV replication in CD4+ lymphocytes. This CD8+ cell antiviral factor (CAF) blocks HIV transcription, but has yet to be identified. Because several antiviral proteins reside in the granules of CD8+ T cells, we exam
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5789)
Post FA, Bekker LG, Wilson D, Wood R, Kaplan G;;; Infectious Disease Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
Introduction: A protective cellular immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is associated with the induction of a Th1 cytokine response, characterized by the production of interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ), interferon-[gamma] (IFN-[gamma]), tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha]) a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5790)
Shah SS, McGowan JP, Muck P, Rodicio I, Blum S, Small CB;;; Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Serum IgE levels are increased in advanced HIV infection. Both IFN-[gamma] (IFN-G) and IL-4 regulate serum IgE levels. IL-4, IFN-G and IgE production were measured to determine their association with serum IgE levels in HIV infection. METHODS: 25 HIV+ patients from an outpatient clinic in the Bronx, NY and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5791)
Saavedra-Lozano J, Madison S, Ramos JT, Marco S, Ferrer P, Sanz F, de Jose MI, Navarro M, Martin-Fontelos P, Rodriguez C, Lanier E, Ramilo O;;; UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
BACKGROUND. The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy in children is poorly understood. This study was conducted in children with documented HIV encephalopathy who were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including high dose (12 mg/kg/dose)
BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous adipocyte apoptosis is known to occur in lipoatrophic areas of HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. Aim of the study: to characterize the relationship between the degree of subcutaneous adipocyte apoptosis and the simultaneous plasmatic level of soluble receptors for TNF. Patients and meth
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5793)
Till M, Helenowski I, Rademaker AW, Landay AL;;; Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, United States
BACKGROUND: The immune system of the female genital tract can be important in regulating HIV replication. HIV-infected women have higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid. It is not known if HAART affects genital tract cytokine production. The objective of this study was to evaluate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5794)
Ionescu G, He Q, Engelson ES, Johnson JA, Albu JB, Inada Y, Kotler DP;;; St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Etiology of HIV-related lipodystrophy is multifactorial. Changes in adipose tissue compartments may be related to altered adipocyte turnover or fat storage. Promoters of adipose tissue growth and fat storage belong to the alternate pathway of complement. Factors D, B, C3 and its split product C3adesArg (ASP
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5795)
Pellicelli AM, Noto P, Liuzzi G, Longis PD, D'Offizi G, Petrosillo N;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: The direct role of HIV in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension (HAPP) is still questionable, wheras an indirect role, mediated by circulating cytokines, cannot be excluded. Aim of the study was to assess the role of circulating cytokines in HAPP. METHODS: We measured the plasma levels o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5796)
Dalessandro M;;; Italy
BACKGROUND: HIV-related nervous system involvement is characterized by brain atrophy, ventricular dilatation, perivascular inflammation, astrocytosis and neuronal loss. Many of these features are not directly related to central nervous system (CNS) invasion by HIV, and some data suggest that an overproduction of inflam
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5797)
Didier N, Romero IA, Creminion C, Mabondzo A;;; University Paris XI, Paris, France
Rational and Purpose: Evidence suggests that endothelin (ET-1) plays an essential role in brain inflammation. Howevrer, whether ET-1 contributes directly to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown remains to be elucidated. Since the release of ET-1 could be modulate by the inflammatory cytokines, we investigated the expres
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5798)
Rogez C, Clayette P, Martin M, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Martal J, Dormont D;;; CEA, INRA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
BACKGROUND: Type I interferons (IFN) exhibit efficient antiviral activities notably against HIV. IFN-alpha has been used as a treatment in AIDS-associated Kaposi s sarcoma, but its side effects restrict its clinical uses. IFN-tau is an ovine or bovine non-cytotoxic type I IFN which displays higher inhibitory effects to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5799)
Mastroianni A, Cancellieri C, Allegrini F, Pignatari S;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, G.B. Morgagni General Hospital, Piazza Solieri 1, Italy
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of long-term treatment with low-dose rHuGM-CSF to prevent severe neutropenia and related infectious complications in leukopenic patients (pts) treated with nucleoside analogues-based HAART regimens and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. METHODS: From Ja
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeA5800)
Benito N, Moreno A, Filella X, Miro JM, Gonzalez J, Pumarola T, Valls ME, Luna M, Rano A, Torres A, Gatell JM;;; Service of Infectious Diseases. Institut Clinic Infeccions i Immunologia. Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of several cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the diagnosis and outcome of HIV patients with pulmonary infections (PI). METHODS: Prospective study of all HIV patients with PI in our institution between April 98 and May 2001. Plasma CRP, IL-1[beta], IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-[alpha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5801)
Panagiotidi C, Kotsianopoulou M, Papadopoulou D, Panos G, Roumeliotou A;;; National School of Public Health, AIDS Reference Center, Athens, Athens, Greece
Introduction: The effect of [beta]-chemokines in the seminal plasma on the transmission of HIV-1 remains uncertain. Higher RANTES levels in semen may increase HIV concentration in the seminal inoculum by the recruitment of target cells or may reduce the ability of M-tropic virus to infect recipient host cells. OBJECTIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5803)
Garcia-Moruja C, Alonso JM, Torres MC, Gonzalez N, Luque FJ, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Alcami J, Caruz A;;; Area de Genetica, Dpto. Biologia Experimental, Universidad de Jaen, Jaen, Spain
BACKGROUND: Stromal-cell derived factor (SDF1) is a CXC-type chemokine that binds specifically to CXCR4. SDF1 is essential for the development and it has chemotactic activities on lymphocytes and monocytes. Also SDF1 has antiviral activity against X4 dependent HIV strains by inducing HIV co-receptor endocytosis. SDF1 i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5804)
Markova R, Terzieva V, Nikolaeva S, Todorova Y, Stefanova D, Kostov K;;; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia 1504, Bulgaria
BACKGROUND: HIV and MTB act synergistically both clinically and pathogenically. IL-8 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 disease and TB, particularly in the context of secondary microbial infections. Our aim was to study IL-8 production as an antimicrobial chemokine in the presence of HIV-1 infection,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5806)
Palomino SS, Bermejo M, Perez JG, Beltran M, Valenzuela A, Arenzana F, Alcami J;;; Centro Nacional de Microbiologia. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 entry is mediated through the interaction with CD4 and with either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors which enable to define strains according to their tropism. HIV tropism is a clear determinant of virulence, as it has been widely documented that a switch from R5 to X4 tropism results in CD4 decline and poor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5807)
Pilotti E, Elviri E, Campanini B, Sassi M, Vicenzi E, Careri M, Dall'Aglio P, Bertazzoni U, Poli G, Casoli C;;; Institute of Medical Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
BACKGROUND. Through a co-cultivation system based on IL-2 stimulated PBMCs from individuals both mono- and co-infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-2, we have demonstrated a negative interference between these two retroviruses via up-regulation of inhibitory CC-chemokines and particularly MIP-1[alpha], which alone seems to acco
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeA5808)
Tomiyama H, Akari H, Adachi A, Takiguchi M;;; Center for AIDS Research Kumamoto Univ., Kumamoto, Japan
Back ground: A previous study suggested that Nef-mediated HLA-classI down-regulation affects the cytolytic activity of HIV-1-specific CTL clones for HIV-1 infected primary CD4+T cells. However it is still unclear whether HIV-1 specific CTLs can produce soluble antiviral factors by stimulation with nef+ HIV-1 infected C
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5809)
Weigel R, Grosch-Woerner I, Jaeger I, Lainka E, Lenz K, Schmidt D, Sollinger F;;; Charite, Otto Heubner Center, Berlin, Germany
BACKGROUND: Adherence in childhood and adolescence depends on caregivers and is intertwined with an increasing responsibility of adolescents for medication intake. Little is known about factors influencing adherence to ART in this age. METHODS: In a multicenter trial 92 patients (9 yrs., 0-16) attending 5 pediatric HIV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5810)
Szabo S, James CW, Sparks DC, McNelis KC, Heinssen J, Chanpimol S, Bincsik A;;; Christiana Care Health Services, Wilmington, United States
BACKGROUND: Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to be the most important factor for achieving successful outcomes. Interventions associated with the assessment and improvement of adherence in HIV/AIDS are paramount. We developed a multidisciplinary Intensive Adherence Program (IAP)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5811)
Sipes CS, Jones SG, Kauschinger E, Brown B, Johnson B, Joy C, Buscemi C, Rossi D, Berger B, Relf M;;; Abbott Labs, Littleton, United States
BACKGROUND: The TOMA is a tool used to explore patient perceptions of how side effects of antiretroviral (ARV) medications make them more or less tolerable to take by examining the potential impact of side effects, ADLs and perceived QOL. Tolerability related issues are important to identify, as poor or reduced tolerab
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5812)
French PT, Waters M, Weiss L, Tesoriero J, Finkelstein R, Agins B, Birkhead G;;; New York State Department of Health, AIDS Institute, Menands, United States
BACKGROUND: The Treatment Adherence Demonstration Project consists of 14 programs that provide multi-faceted adherence support using a network of HIV medical and non-medical providers. We looked at differences between naive and antiretroviral treatment-experienced (TE) groups at baseline and compared adherence and clin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5813)
Wagner GJ, Kanouse D;;; RAND, Santa Monica, United States
ISSUES: Most adherence intervention trials include a usual care control group. However, usual care practices aimed at promoting adherence have not been measured in these studies, even though usual care can vary widely across clinics. DESCRIPTION: This presentation provides the rationale for measuring usual care in adhe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5814)
Wagner GJ;;; RAND, Santa Monica, United States
BACKGROUND: With highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) now seen as less urgent, there is increased emphasis on assessing adherence readiness prior to prescribing treatment, particularly among high risk populations such as active drug users. However, there are no established methods to assist providers in accurat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5815)
Roca B, Lapuebla C, Madero J, Beneyto M, Lillo A;;; Hospital General, Castellon, Spain
BACKGROUND: Adherence to treatment of chronic disease is difficult for patients. In HIV infection, cost, side effects, and complexities of HAART further increase the problem, and alarming rates of non-adherence have been reported, which leads to decreased efficacy and viral resistance. Easier to take modalities of HAAR
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5816)
Orrell CJ, Badri M, Wood R;;; Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: There is a prejudicial view that, due to poverty and poor education, individuals in Africa may be less likely to be adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART) than HIV-positive people in the developed world. This study examines factors which may impact on virological success in an African cohort. METHODS: The
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5817)
Sharpe TT, Lee LM, Nakashima AK, Elam-Evans LD, Fleming PL;;; Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, NCHSTP, DHAP, SB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine whether HIV-infected Black women reported crack use more than other HIV-infected women and to examine the relationship between crack use and antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence among Black women. METHODS: We analyzed data from interviews of HIV-infected women 18 years of age repo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5818)
Koenig LJ, Ellerbrock T, Pratt-Palmore M, Stratford D, Bush T, Malatino E, Todd-Turner M, Golde M;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Determine predictors of antiretroviral adherence among indigent, HAART-naive patients receiving care at a U.S. inner city clinic. METHODS: During 1999-2001, 231 (82%) of 283 consecutive HIV-infected patients who registered for care and were prescribed HAART for the first time were enrolled in a randomized c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5819)
Hirschhorn LR, Mukherjee R, Manheimer S, Graham K, Mundy L, Dougherty J, Celano S, Mantell J;;; Dimock Community Health Center, Roxbury, United States
BACKGROUND: High rates of adherence to ART is critical to successful treatment, however the optimal measures of adherence for guiding clinical practice and identifying clients needing adherence support are still unknown. METHODS: Health Resources and Service Administration, Special Projects of National Significance, fu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5820)
Benetucci J, Montero A, Redini L, Pugliese DD, Puga L, Maranzana A, Thwaites A, Carlevaro R, Garone D, Moscatello AG, Galache V, Ortega G, Oliva SM;;; Infectious Diseases Department - Hospital Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Purpose. To compare six combinations of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to assess the conditions leading to treatment discontinuation. METHODS. 348 antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected-patients with CD4+ cell counts 10,000 copies/ml were enrolled and randomized to one of the following combinations: 1)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5821)
Bova CA, Fennie K, Knafl G, Dieckhaus K, Watrous E, Williams AB;;; University of Massachusetts, Worcester, United States
BACKGROUND: Electronic monitoring devices (EMD) are often presented as the reference standard for measurement of adherence to antiretrovirals. However, lack of discussion of logistical problems associated with this technology has led to an overly positive view of the ease of use and quality of data associated with this
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5822)
Mellins CA, Brackis-Cott E, Dolezal C, Abrams EJ;;; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NYSPI and Columbia University, NYC, United States
BACKGROUND: The initial optimism concerning advances in antiretroviral therapy has been tempered by recognition of significant challenges to adherence posed by the nature of the medications and the context of patients lives. This study examines biopsychosocial factors influencing adherence in HIV+ children. METHODS: 75
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5823)
Durvasula RS, Mason KI, Thrasher D, Ropacki M, Farchione T, Stefaniak M, Schug R, Castellon SA, Lam MN, Hardy DJ, Hinkin CH;;; California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: Differences in psychosocial predictors of HAART adherence as a function of gender were examined. METHOD: The sample was comprised of 162 HIV+ individuals, 130 men and 32 women. Medication adherence was assessed using medication events monitoring system (MEMS) caps. RESULTS: Mean age of the male sample was 4
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5824)
Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Murri R, Orlandi E, Covezzi R, Sterrantino GK, Sbaragli S, Borderi M, Talo S, Grosso C, Erba C, Cattellan AM, Antinori A, Nardini G, Beghetto B, Esposito R, Wu A;;; Universita di Modena, Modena, Italy
BACKGROUND: It is not known whether lipodystrophy is related to adherence to ART. GRAAL is a prospective observational study to examine lipodystrophy and its relationship to medication adherence. METHODS: Cross sectional survey in an Italian clinic-based cohort of HIV infected patients (N=175). Questionnaires assessed
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5825)
Shor-Posner G, Moreno-Black G, Miguez MJ, Rodriguez N, Burbano X, Lecusay R, Baum MK;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: Adherence and retention are major challenges researchers face when conducting randomized clinical trials. The data presented here include information from the first nutritional chemoprevention trial in HIV+ drug users. METHODS: 234 HIV+ drug users (51% male, 49% female) were enrolled in a randomized, double
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5826)
Hosek SG, Harper GW, Domanico R;;; Cook County Hospital, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: This purpose of this study was to examine the rates of medication adherence among HIV-infected adolescents/young adults and to explore the relationship between negative affect, cognitive ability/formal reasoning, and substance use on the medication adherence of these youth. METHODS: Forty-two HIV-positive y
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5827)
Spire B, Peytavin G, Duran S, Raffi F, Ecobichon JL, Pereira E, Cailleton V, Portier H, Sicard D, Moatti JP;;; INSERM U379, MARSEILLE, France
OBJECTIVE: To compare patients (pts) self-reports about adherence with prescribing physicians assessment and to study their relationship with PI plasma concentration and HIV RNA. Among the 861 pts who were started on 2 nucleoside analogues + one PI: blood sampling of the French multi-center APROCO cohort, pts self-repo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5828)
Hinkin CH, Castellon SA, Hardy DJ, Lam MN, Stefaniak M, Farchione T, Ropacki M, Thrasher D, Mason K, Schug R, Durvasula RS;;; UCLA Dept. of Psychiatry &VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: Although medication adherence is multi-determined in nature, few studies have attempted to simultaneously examine diverse objective predictors. This study investigated the relationship of neuropsychological (NP) impairment, psychiatric disorder, drug/alcohol abuse, and psychosocial constructs such as health
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5829)
Knobel H, Guelar A, Vallecillo G, Carmona A, Gonzalez A, Saballs P, Marco S;;; Dept. Infectious Diseases. Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy appears to be a strong predictor for virologic failure. Simplification strategies were explored in the setting of an initial therapy and switching from a successful HAART. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a simplified regimen for heavily non-adherent patients
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5830)
Bonolo PF, Guimaraes MD, Rocha GM, Ceccato MG, Veloso VC, Acurcio FA;;; School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Behavioral and demographic characteristics may affect adherence among patients undergoing antiretroviral(ARV) therapy. To describe baseline characteristics of patients initiating HIV treatment.METHOD: Ongoing prospective study of HIV infected patients at two public AIDS referral centers in Belo Horizonte,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5831)
Tuldra A, Fumaz CR, Ferrer MJ, Bayes R, Ballesteros A, Bonjoch A, Jou A, Negredo E, Romeu J, Sirera G, Tural C, Clotet B;;; Fundacio Lluita SIDA-Univ Hosp Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Correct adherence (ADH) to antiretroviral treatments (HAART) depends from a lot of factors. Some of them have been described in controlled studies but information about this issue in patients in usual clinical follow-up is scarce. METHODS: In a retrospective observational descriptive study, information cont
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5832)
Faura T, Garcia L, Rodriguez A, Horcajada JP, de Benito N, Miro JM, Gatell JM;;; Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
The positive consequences of HAART seems to be less evident in HIV patients with cancer and neuralgical diseases associated. Among the more frequent oncological complications as Kaposi?s sarcoma, non -Hodgkin?s lymphoma, primary brain lymphoma and cervical carcinoma, only the Kaposi?s sarcoma and the primary brain lymp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5833)
Sheppard ZE, Brady M, Fidler S, Tamm N, Weber JN, Lamond S;;; Wharfside Clinic, St Mary's Hospital, London, W2 1NY, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Primary HIV Infection is an emotionally difficult period often accompanied by profound symptoms. The introduction of ART, with potentially complex regimens, side effects and the need for rigid adherence may further confound these difficulties. We report our experiences of treating a large cohort of patients
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5834)
Fumaz CR, Tuldra A, Ferrer MJ, Barcelo M, Negredo E, Gel S, Arisa ER, Clotet B;;; Fundacio Lluita Sida, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Once-daily antiretroviral regimens (QD) may favour patients (pts) adherence (ADH) to treatment and improve quality of life (QOL) and general satisfaction (GS). METHODS: Prospective study in which 30 pts with viral load suppression switched their HAART to NVP+ ddI +TDF taken o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5835)
Henry K, Green S, Mauney J, Perry M, Adams J, Enejosa J;;; Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
BACKGROUND: Videx reduced mass tablets (tabs) are associated with GI symptoms (Sx) in some patients (pts). This study is being conducted to compare the tolerability of Videx EC capsules and Videx tabs in HIV-infected adults. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, open-label trial, eligible pts were receiving stable
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5836)
Ceccato MG, Acurcio FA, Rocha GM, Bonolo PF, Guimaraes MD;;; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Low level of understanding can contribute for poor adherence to the antiretroviral therapy (ARVT). To assess factors associated with insuficient understanding of information related ARVT among HIV-infected patients enrolled in two public AIDS referral services, Belo Horizonte, Brazil . METHODS: A cros
BACKGROUND: To determine the influence of different HAART regimens on adherence, efficacy and durability of treatment among patients in the Kaiserdamm cohort. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of antiretroviral therapy-naive patients initiating different HAART regimen (2 NRTI + 1-2 PI or 2 NRTI + 1 NNRTI or 3 NRTI) betwe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5839)
Bass D, Glennon T, Chesney MA;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb Virology, Plainsboro, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV patients are often characterized by demographics or lifestyle behavior, e.g. women, Hispanics, and Men Who Have Sex With Men. Research suggests demographics alone are not predictive of behavior. Homogeneous patient sub-groups are better identified through shared disease/treatment related attitudes which
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5840)
Castro JG, Goicoechea M, Monroig R, Ale-castro MG;;; University of Miami, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: The rate of virologic control of antiretroviral regimens used in clinical trials (CT) is higher (70 to 90%) than the same regimes used in specialized HIV clinics (50%). The reasons for such discrepancy are not well explored. The objective of our study was to assess if patients who are followed in a speciali
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5841)
Ekstrand ML, Crosby GM, Paul J, Martin J, Bangsberg D, Stall RD;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Stringent ART adherence may be necessary to avoid the development of drug resistant virus. This paper examines rates and correlates of HIV medication adherence in a sample of alcohol or illicit drug users. METHODS: These data are from the baseline assessment of the first 200 participants in a randomized, co
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5842)
Dezii CM, Burtcel B, Hodder S, Grandy S, Kawabata H;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb Virology, Plainsboro, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: Significance of the relationship of adherence and virologic success has been well documented in the HIV treatment arena. Few studies, if any, exist examining adherence over an extended period of time from initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of California Medicaid (Med
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5843)
Dezii CM, Grandy S, Burtcel B, Hodder S, Kawabata H;;; Bristol-Myers Squibb Virology, Plainsboro, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: Depression and substance abuse are thought to adversely impact adherence to antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of California Medicaid (Medi-Cal) data using pharmacy claims from 3Q 94 to 2Q 00 was performed. As most treated patients during this period were on nucleoside reverse transcrip
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5844)
Alexander CS, Asselin J, Hogg RS, Montaner JS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Ting L, Harrigan PR;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Plasma drug levels, influenced by pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and medication adherence, may predict response to antiretroviral therapy. However, using routine therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinic is limited by both its relatively cumbersome nature and lack of agreement on optimum target values and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5845)
Mannheimer S, Perkins M, Ford J, Diamond B, Farrell L, Findley S, Hofmann A, El-Sadr W;;; Columbia University, Harlem Hospital, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: While provider assessment is critical in decisions concerning antiretroviral therapy (ART), providers have been shown to be poor at estimating patient (pt) adherence (adh). METHODS: Provider-estimated and self-reported adh were compared among pts enrolled in an adh support study at an inner city hospital-ba
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5846)
Pinheiro CA, Leite JC, Drachler ML, Silveira VL, Centeno MO;;; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
BACKGROUND: In the management of HIV-infected patients, adherence to antiretroviral therapy is crucial to maintaining viral suppression. The purpose of this study was to explore factors that may be associated with adherence. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with HIV-infected adults on treatment with antir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5847)
Kunches LM, Coakley E, Neill K, Marquis D, Dean D, DeCristofaro J, Ruhlmann L, Musolino J;;; John Snow, Inc., Boston, MA, United States
BACKGROUND: Because strict adherence to antiretroviral regimens is necessary for maximizing clinical response, current attention is focused on approaches to adherence measurement. Client self-report instruments and clinician interviews are most widely used, but measurement complexity and recall or reporting biases pose
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5848)
Kityo C, Rabkin M, Atwine D, Mulindwa G, Kebba A, Kabuye G, Mugyenyi P;;; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: While nonadherence to antiretroviral (ARV) medication regimens is known to be a problem in resource-rich settings, little is known about adherence to ARVs in resource-limited settings. METHODS: The Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) in Kampala, Uganda has long been a regional center of excellence in HIV/
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5849)
Andujar-Bello I, Toro-Alfonso J, Amico R, Fisher JD;;; University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
BACKGROUND: Treatment adherence has become a major task for public health in HIV antiviral treatment. The possibility of resistance and re-appearance of opportunistic infections is a common threat for people living with HIV/AIDS. Access to treatment, attitudes towards adherence, family support, behavioral skills, and m
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5850)
Lin MK, Sethi A, Wu AW, Strathdee SA, Celentano DD, Vlahov D;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between adherence to HAART and treatment outcome, as measured by viral load (VL) and drug resistance, among HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs). METHODS: From a community cohort study, HIV-infected IDUs completed semi-annual visits that included self-report of medications and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5851)
Weiser SD, Wolfe WR, Kebaabetswe P, Makhema J, Dickenson D, Mompati KF, Sherif MK, Tlou S, Moffat H, Onen C, Hensle K, Thior I, Marlink RG;;; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Botswana has one of the highest rates of HIV infection in the world, estimated at 36% of the population aged 15-49. To improve antiretroviral (ARV) treatment delivery, we conducted a collaborative study of the social, cultural, and structural determinants of treatment adherence. This research is being used
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5852)
Antinori A, Trotta MP, Lepri AC, Zaccarelli M, Minardi L, Narciso P, Ravasio L, Murri R, Baldelli F, Piano P, Caputo SL, Longis PD, Noto P, Nappa S, Dalessandro M, Wu AW, Moroni M, Ippolito G, d'Arminio Monforte A, Ammassari A;;; NIID L. Spallanzani, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND: Simplification by NNRTI was suggested for improving adherence (ADH) to antiretrovirals. Nevertheless the relationship between ADH and drug classes has not yet been studied thoroughly. Study design: Inter-cohort analysis on two Italian observational studies on ADH to HAART (AdICoNA, a multicenter study withi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5853)
Fennie K, Knafl G, Bova C, Dieckhaus K, Williams A;;; Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, United States
BACKGROUND: Electronic monitoring device (EMD) data are rich and complex, and may not be analysed to their full potential. Summary measures are essential aspects of an individual s overall adherence, but adherence can vary over time. Thus it is important to visualise the pattern of change over time. The purpose of this
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5854)
Starace F, Abrescia N, Angarano G, Cafaro L, Guaraldi G, Caputo SL, Maserati R, Massa A, Tramarin A, Chirianni A, Sherr L;;; Cotugno Hospital, Napoli, Italy
BACKGROUND. In recent years, adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in HIV-seropositive persons has been explored. However, major gaps still exist in our knowledge of the psychosocial and behavioural aspects of non-adherence (NA) in women. METHODS. A nation-wide multicentre Italian study has been carried out to asse
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5855)
Chuck SK, Areff D;;; Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Anecdotally Videx tablets are poorly tolerated resulting in decreased quality of life & sub-optimal adherence. Advantages of VidexEC are less frequent dosing & fewer pills (1 vs 4/day). The objective was to document differences in tolerability & adherence after switching from Videx to VidexEC.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5856)
Sorensen SJ, Klinge HA, Mravca-Wilkey VL, Elzey J, Fife KH;;; Indiana University Hospital of Clarian Health Partners, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
BACKGROUND: Most studies of adherence to HIV medications have focused on male rather than female patients. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of medication and clinic visit adherence rates in male and female HIV patients. METHODS: Patients receiving antiretroviral therapy were randomly selected to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5857)
Caprio M, Homer E, Laufman LE, Banks T, Zerai T, Nettles S, Byrd P, Levy JK, Visnegarwala F;;; Thomas Street Clinic Harris County Hospital District, Houston, United States
BACKGROUND: Due to non-adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART), only about 30% of urban indigent men and women achieve virologic suppression (VS). Adherence (ADH) intervention data are limited among women pts, who have high barriers to medical care access and compliance. This 6-month prospective study assesses the i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5858)
Lockman S, Shapiro RL, Thior I, Stocking L, Wester C, Peter T, Kebaabetswe P, Marlink R, Essex M, Heymann SJ;;; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: Adherence to antenatal zidovudine (ZDV) regimens has not been well described in Africa, and adherence to prolonged infant prophylactic ZDV, which is being tested as a potential strategy to prevent HIV transmission through breast milk, has never been reported. METHODS: We conducted the pilot phase of a rando
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5859)
Brana AR, Eldred L, Morales JR, Lago M;;; Unity Health Care, Inc., Washington DC, United States
BACKGROUND: While Latinos constitute14% of the U.S. population they represent 19% of the AIDS cases. Over 60% of patients who visit biomedical clinicians do not adhere to treatment to some degree. Many physicians assess the failure to follow instructions as ignorance and lack of cooperation of patients. However, physic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5860)
Saple DG, Vaidya SB, Kharkar RD, Pandey VP, Vedrevu R, Ramnanai JP, Arsad S;;; Grant Medical College &G T Hospital, Mumbai, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: With availability of more ARV agents in India at reduced prices, their use has perceptibly increased. While this represents a great opportunity for our patients, unless used judiciously, the failures & evolution of drug resistance strains represents a grave danger to the world. METHODS: 200 patients ref
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5861)
Bernaus M, Fernandez L, Navarro G, Torres A, Bescos P, Perez M, Sala M, Cervantes M, Segura F;;; Corporacion Parc Tauli, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The highly effective antiretroviral treatment has changed the prognosis of HIV-infected patients, but it requires a continued scrupulous compliance, which is influenced by diverse factors. The objective of the study is to elaborate and apply a protocol helping patients to achieve the optimal compliance with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5862)
Horne R, Cooper V, Gellaitry G, Lambert N, Fisher M;;; University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to improve our understanding of why approximately a third of patients decline HAART when it is clinically indicated. We hypothesised that the decision to accept or decline HAART would be predicted by patients personal beliefs about HAART and HIV as specified in an extended self-regulatory t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5863)
Horne R, Cooper V, Fisher M;;; University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: We present the preliminary findings of a study to test whether patients perceptions of HAART prior to starting treatment predict subsequent adherence. It is the first longitudinal study to identify predictors of adherence that are amenable to intervention. We hypothesised that adherence to HAART at 1 and 3
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5864)
Safren SA, Hendriksen ES, Boswell S, DeSousa N, Mayer KH;;; Fenway Community Health, MGH - Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND : To help with one of the most frequent reasons for non-adherence, forgetting , the present study sought to test the feasibility and efficacy of an internet-based paging system (MediMom) to increase and maintain adherence to ART over 12 weeks. METHODS : After a two-week monitoring period with an electronic p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5865)
Eng RH, Dever LL, Sasanpour M, Meltzer J;;; VAMC, East Orange, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: Both NNRTI and PI combination therapies are popular and effective choices of therapy. From past work on resistance, we expect the threshold for resistance to NNRTIs to be lower than for the PIs. This may be overcome by the easier dosing schedule and tolerance to the NNRTIs. The VANJHCS has a record of all t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5866)
May SB, Cardoso G, Barroso PF;;; Universirty Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho/ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Long-term adherence to antiretrovirals is critical for a sustained response to HIV therapy. In Brazil all HIV-infected subjects have free access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). As a result of this policy, a reduction in mortality and hospitalizations rates in recent years have been observed. Around 100.000
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5867)
Bentz L, Pradier C, Morin M, Spire B, Rebillon M, Souville M, Fuzibet JG, Pesce A, Dellamonica P, Tourette-Turgis C, Moatti JP;;; Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of a counseling intervention on adherence and viral load (VL), and identify psycho-social factors contributing to changes in adherence to HAART among HIV-infected patients. METHODS:244 patients, receiving HAART since at least 1 month, were included in year 2000 in a prospective, con
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5868)
Myers J, Farthing C, Ricaurte JC, Korthuis PT;;; AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Management of HIV-infected persons non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) is a challenging aspect of HIV care. Many have barriers rendering them refractory to usual adherence tools. We developed a directly observed therapy (DOT) inpatient intervention to facilitate adherence for persons with refractor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5869)
Lamotte C, Peytavin G, Gerbe J, Mentre F, Panhard X, Boue F, Spiridon G, Valantin MA, Michelet C, Bouvet E, Dohin E, Yeni P, Landman R;;; Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
Background Saquinavir Soft Gel Capsule and Ritonavir (SQV-SGC/RTV) once daily (qd) regimen was supported by the in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships previously established for SQV and by the concept of decreasing pills burden, more conv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5870)
Vaerenbergh KV, Derdelinckx I, Geest SD, Bobbaers H, Carbonez A, Deschamps A, Graeve VD, Saar VD, Ceunen H, Smet KD, Maes B, Peetermans W, Schrooten Y, Desmyter J, Clercq ED, Ranst MV, Wijngaerden EV, Vandamme AM;;; Rega Institute and University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between adherence, virologic response to HAART and the presence and development of genotypic resistance. METHODS: In a prospective single-center study, adherence was monitored using electronic event monitoring (EEM) and linked to subsequent virologic outcome after 2 years. Four adhe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5871)
Gan Z, Ma J, Wallman J, Novak RM, Teodorescu M;;; Norzyme Inc, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND. Therapeutic drug monitoring of protease inhibitors (PI) has been shown to be a useful clinical tool in managing PI treatment. We describe a 96 well microtiter plate method for rapid measurement of HIV protease inhibitor levels in patient serum. The method is designed for TDM use in clinical laboratories. ME
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5872)
Novak RM, Gan Z, Ma J, Wallman J, Teodorescu M;;; University of Illinois, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND. Therapeutic drug monitoring of protease inhibitors has been shown to be a useful clinical tool in managing PI treatment. We describe a fluorometric 96 well microtiter plate method of measuring HIV protease inhibitors in patient serum and compare our results with those obtained from a reference laboratory pe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5873)
Ashraf A, Masci J, Policar M, Kutwal-Sharma R, McDonald A, Cardonas C;;; Elmhurst Hospital, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States
ISSUES: The importance of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the management of HIV patients is well recognized. However, what remains subject to debate is the best, economic way to achieve adherence. DESCRIPTION: Project Adherence is an educational pilot project developed by the Infectious Diseases Division, Elmhur
BACKGROUND: For successful long term viral suppression of HIV infection, at least 95% adherence to ARV is required. This high level of drug compliance may be hard to achieve in developing countries where low adherence rates to other drugs have been observed. The issue of adherence to ARVs in developing countries, there
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5875)
Golin CE, Smith S, Reif S;;; University of North Carolina Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: U.S. guidelines recommend that physicians routinely enhance HIV+ patients ART adherence but the extent to which doctors do this is unknown. METHODS: We mailed a self-administered survey to all the physicians (MDs) in NC who had prescribed a protease inhibitor (PI) in the prior year per a commercial prescrip
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5876)
Lafeuillade A, Counillon E, Hittinger G, Chadapaud S, Poggi C, Deljiudice P, Kiazand A, Emilie D;;; General Hospital, Toulon, France
BACKGROUND: to evaluate the impact of combining HAART and non-specific immune interventions at the stage of acute infection. METHOD: 18 patients with symptomatic PHI and no more than 3 bands on Western blot at entry received a combination of stavudine ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5877)
Eriksson LE, Bratt GA, Wahren B, Falk KI, Leandersson AC, Leitner T;;; Dept of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control/Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: Effective protease inhibitor based antiretroviral combination therapy (PI-ART), reduces the number of HIV-virions (HIV-RNA) in plasma to undetectable levels. There is, however, major short and long term adverse effects associated with PI-ART. Structured therapy interruption (STI) is an attempt to lower the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5878)
Mussini C, Bugarini R, Borghi V, Bedini A, Perno CF, Antinori A, Cossarizza A;;; Clinic Infectious Diseases, Modena, Italy
BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to evaluate in patients who fail a current antiretroviral regimen with a high CD4 count and that discontinue therapy instead of changing it, how long they would stay out of treatment before reaching a CD4 count below 350 cells/µL. METHODS: In patients treated with antiretroviral the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5879)
Bratt GA, Koppel K, Eriksson L, Fredriksson EL, Sandstrom E;;; Venhalsan, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitor containing antiretroviral therapy (PI-ART) generates a continuous increase of CD4+ lymphocytes by approximately at least 100cells/mm3 per year in most patients. However, serious adverse effects, such as hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes and lipoatrophy have become a major conce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5880)
Jaeger H, Wolf E, Hoffmann C, Gersbacher E, Procaccianti M, Mosthaf F, Ulmer A, Schardt J, Karwat M, Jaegel-Guedes E;;; KIS-Curatorium for Immunedeficiency, Munich, Germany
OBJECTIVES: To assess the long-term effects of TIs on viral load (VL), CD4 cells, metabolic parameters and clinical outcome in chronically infected HIV+patients (pts). METHODS: Multicenter, prospective, controlled, frequency-matched 18-month study of HIV+pts with TI (for any reason) versus a control group remaining on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5881)
Burton CT, Pido-Lopez J, Hay P, Nelson M, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Imami N;;; Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: ART interruption (TI) can be used to attempt to restimulate HIV-1-specific immune responses. Here we examine the effect of the level of viral load rebound on the numbers of recent thymic emigrants (RTE), IFN-[gamma] production and proliferation to HIV-1 antigens. METHODS: 16 patients (mean CD4+ count 432 ce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5882)
Wit FW;;; National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Virologically successful HAART is often interrupted because of side effects. The long-term consequences of treatment interruptions are unknown. We describe the CD4 cell and plasma HIV-1 RNA dynamics following the interruption of successful HAART. METHODS: We retrospectively studied subjects interrupting ful
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5883)
Lafeuillade A, Poggi C, Hittinger G, Chadapaud S, Emilie D;;; General Hospital, TOULON, France
BACKGROUND: to evaluate if combining HAART, interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) and hydroxyurea (HU) at the chronic stage of HIV disease is better than HAART alone after 3 STIs. METHOD: Group 1 (10 patients) received initially a combination of zidovudine ,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5884)
Kijak GH, Vanderhoeven J, Balfe P, Carobene MG, Ochoa C, Cahn P, Markowitz M, Salomon H;;; National Reference Center for AIDS, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: HAART exerts selective pressure on HIV-1 populations; suppressing the replication of susceptible variants and favoring the replication of drug-resistant variants. Resistance may emerge when the latter is dominant. When withdrawing HAART the viral populations are described to revert from resistant to suscept
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5885)
Martinelli C, Giuntini R, Ambu S, Bartolozzi D, Rogasi PG, Farese A, Leoncini F;;; Unit of infectious Diseases-Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
BACKGROUND: to evaluate virological, immunological, methabolic and clinical consequences in cronically infected HIV patients after spontaneous interruption of ART for the presence of lipodystrophy/dyslipidemia and after the reintroduction of antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: 14 patients, 10 males and 4 females, aged bet
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5886)
Murri R, Drapeau CM, Luca AD, Fantoni M, Cauda R;;; Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Non-structured treatment interruptions (nonSTIs, drug discontinuations decided only by pts), could occur often. Prevalence of nonSTIs and their effect on treatment efficacy need to be investigated. METHODS: Prospective, monocenter, cohort study. A short interview was performed by a physician not involved in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5887)
Katlama C, Dominguez S, Duvivier C, Delaugerre C, Peytavin G, Legrand M, Calvez V, Costagliola D; Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: Megahaart was shown to rescue severe clinical situations and TI to favour the return of wild type virus. To evaluate the impact of TI on the efficacy of a subsequent multidrug therapy in patients (pts) with a history of failure to at least 2 NRTI, 1NNRTI and 2 PI and severe biological failure an open, prosp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5888)
Arnedo M, Mas A, Gil C, Garcia F, Domingo E, Gatell JM, Pumarola T;;; Hospital Clinic de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: env gene of HIV-1 has a high sequence diversity, being a good region to analyze gene evolution. Virus-host interactions are one of the main forces driving env gene evolution. The objective of the study was to analyze the HIV-1 evolution during the course of Structured Treatment Interruptions (STIs). METHODS
Structured therapy interruption (STI) may boost anti-HIV specific immunity acting as an autologous live vaccine. Nevertheless, STI may present the potential risks of HIV-mediated loss of CD4+ cells and severe constitutional symptoms. We evaluated the effect of STI on the CD4-mediated immune function in chronically HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5890)
Massip P, Izopet J, Force G, Delmas B, Gallais H, Aquilina CH, David F, Mamet JP; Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France
OBJECTIVE: To describe reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations (M) present in HIV-1 infected patients (pts) who previously received antiviral therapy for at least 18 months before and after a 14 weeks treatment (trt) interruption. To assess the antiviral efficacy of trizivir (TZV)/
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB5891)
Guffanti M, Hasson H, Galli L, Brambilla AM, Vacchini D, Danise A, Castagna L, Lazzarin A;;; San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
BACKGROUND: An important clinical issue concerning the strategic role of therapeutic interruption, in HIV treated subjects, is the possible occurrence of HIV-related clinical events. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated therapy interruptions, lasting for at least three months. Patients with CD4+ count and HIV RNA plas
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5892)
Salmon D, Daniel N, Krivine A, Schneider V, N'Guyen TH, Guillet JG, Viard JP, Girard PM;;; Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: Structured therapeutic interruptions (STI) in pts with undectectable viral load (VL) may be a mean to boost anti-HIV immune responses, and reduce cost or toxicity of HAART. The risks of such interruptions on viral rebound, CD4 loss and emergence of resistant strains are not well established. METHODS: A STI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5893)
Deodhar JN, Pillay J;;; King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: To study the benefits and cost effectiveness of family oriented management in treatment of paediatric HIV patients. Families of peri-natal and paediatric patients diagnosed as sero-positive were managed by a team using integrated intervention model. Counselling, medical treatment, social & economic inte
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5894)
Pomerantz RJ, Otero M, Nunnari G, Malin A, Coates C, Dascenzo C, DeSimone J, Babinchak TJ, Zhang H, Dornadula G, Culnan D, Sullivan J, Xu Y, Stern J, Cavert W, Haase AT, Kulkosky J;;; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
BACKGROUND: HAART has led to significant changes in mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, due to two main molecular mechanisms of viral persistence, cryptic viral replication and proviral latency in resting T-cells, HAART does not eradicate HIV-1. These mechanisms of residual reservoir disease in vivo were approached
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5895)
Arranz-Caso JA, Gorgolas M, Estrada V, Garcia-Diaz JD;;; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
BACKGROUND. NNRTIs are increasingly used in PI-sparing regimens. Due to high cross resistance, loss of sensitivity to one NNRTI almost always implies a reduced sensitivity to other drugs of this group. In this setting, the addition of a second NNRTI, otherwise lost if genotypic resistance appears to one of them, could
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5896)
Gallego O;;; Spain
BACKGROUND: Multiple resistance to nucleoside analogs represents an increasing problem among HIV-infected persons since a growing number of subjects is being on sequential therapy for long time. METHODS: All plasma samples collected from HIV+ subjects failing their current antiretroviral therapy and referred for HIV ge
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5897)
Sanchez KC;;; University of Miami School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Miami, United States
ISSUES: Adolescents (thirteen through twenty-one years of age) should be guided through their developmental passage into adulthood as young as possible. Little attention is given to the fact that youth are actively engaged in adult behaviorand practices (e.g. drug use, employment, sexual activity, childbearing, etc.).
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5898)
Achenbach C, Knoll MD, Till M, Terp S, Palella F, Kalnins A, Murphy R;;; Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Relatively short-term treatment interruption (TI) has been studied as a strategy aimed at boosting immune responses and minimizing drug-related toxicities. This study describes the results of long-term TI where treatment was resumed when CD4 counts declined and/or HIV-RNA (VL) increased significantly. METHO
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5899)
Jayaweera D, Tanner T, Nowak AM, Brill M, Pottage J, Campo R, Rodriquez A, Kolber M;;; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: Inner-city minority patients with, multiple social problems, substance abuse and poor HIV specific knowledge tend to be non adherent with antiretrovirals. Once a day direct observed therapy (DOT) may improve the adherence and outcomes. We evaluated a HAART regimen in patients with advanced disease and most
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5900)
Harris J, Borroto-Esoda K, Myrick F, Painter G;;; Triangle Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Durham, NC, United States
BACKGROUND: Amdoxovir (DAPD, (-)-[beta]-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane) is a selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in vitro and in vivo. DAPD is deaminated by adenosine deaminase to yield (-)-[beta]-D-dioxolane guanine (DXG) which is subsequently converted to the corresponding 5 -triphosphate DXG-TP, a potent inhibit
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5901)
Greiger-Zanlungo P, Blick G, Garton T, Sharfuddin S, Arzu Z;;; Mt. Vernon Hospital/New York Medical College, Mt. Vernon NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens have reduced mortality for patients with HIV/AIDS and made HIV a chronic and manageable disease. PIs have been implicated in causing metabolic complications. This trial assessed whether HIV-1 aviremia and CD4 can be maintained long-term (>12 months) and if metabol
BACKGROUND: Limited experience exists for once daily SQV 1600 mg plus RTV 100 or 200 mg (SQV-r QD) based regimen as switch therapy especially in patients who have prior antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure. We analyzed the effectiveness of switching to SQV-r QD regimen along with TDM in our clinic. METHODS: Retrospecti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5903)
Hewitt RG, Olatinwo T, Esch LD;;; State University of New York, Buffalo, United States
OBJECTIVE: To compare virologic response in antiretroviral naive patients who choose one of two quadruple therapy regimens. METHODS: The authors developed a quadruple therapy consensus protocol using the above regimens. Patients (pts) who were advised to begin antiretroviral therapy underwent adherence education and we
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5904)
Allavena C, Lafeuillade A, Bentata M, Launay O, Valantin MA, Besnier JM, Rabreau C, Poirier AS, Dailly E, Raffi F;;; Infectious Diseases, Nantes, France
BACKGROUND: Almost all HAART regimens contain at least 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). However NRTIs are increasingly recognized as the cause of mitochondrial toxicity, hyperlactatemia and hepatic steatosis. In addition, cross-resistance,within the NRTI class, of virus harbouring multiple thymidi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5905)
D'Offizi G, Topino S, Bellagamba R, Garbuglia AR, Calcaterra S, Capobianchi MR, Tozzi V, Narciso P;;; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND.The mounting problem of long-term side effects associated with chronic antiretroviral therapy and the fact that acces to antiretroviral therapy is limited to approximately 5% of the HIV-infected world, underline the importance of pursuing new approaches towards the long term control of HIV-infection reducing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5906)
Tucker TJ, Mohlala B, Besser M, Burton R, Williamson C, Anthony J;;; SA AIDS Vaccine Initiative / UCT, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The mode of HIV transmission in utero is unknown. Cesarean section (C/S) and AZT or nevirapine during the peri-partum period reduces transmission. No data has been published on viral load (VL) in amniotic fluid (AF).
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5907)
Rosa VK, Barcellos NT, Fonseca R, Schuh SS;;; PC DST/Aids, Porto Alegre, Brazil
The Coordination DST/Aids of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in the south of Brasil, implanted a pilot project of adhesion to the treatment anti-retroviral (ARV) in pregnant woman in the dependences of the Hospital Femina placed in the city of Porto Alegre, capital of the State. The amount of capsules/tablets that the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5908)
Gaio DS, Bueno SM, Rosa VK, Matos E, Mondini L, Rigotti G, Barcellos NT;;; Health State Secretariat,, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil s most southern State, presents one of the greatest prevalent of HIV/AIDS between women. The rate between men and women infections was 1:1 in 2000. Despite the application of the ACTG 076 protocol since 1995, it was noticed an increase in the number of AIDS cases between children until 19
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5909)
Puga AM, Brown ML, Widmayer SM;;; Comprehensive Family AIDS Program, Children's Diagnostic &Treatment Center, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, United States
BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an Abacavir-based regimen during pregnancy and to evaluate the infants outcomes following prenatal Abacavir exposure. METHODS: A retrospective chart abstraction was performed on all births in 2000 - 2001with HIV transmission outcomes avai
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5910)
Kakehasi FM, Aleixo LF, Quental DB, Rezende CP, Greco DB, Pinto JA;;; Departament of Pediatrics - School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
OBJECTIVE. This study describes temporal trends of HIV vertical transmission rates in Belo Horizonte, Brazil and assess determinants of transmission,specifically, antiretroviral (ARV) use and mode of delivery. METHODS. HIV pregnant women and vertically exposed infants younger than 3 months of age were prospectively enr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5911)
Nogueira SA, Machado ES, Costa TP, Abreu TF, Gaspar AL, Maan MA, Guedes AL, Lambert JS;;; HUCFF/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: the frequency of acute and latent T. gondii infection HIV infected pregnant women and its transmission to infants need to be determined in the developing world. Methods In a Brazilian university hospital program for the prevention of MTCT, HIV infected pregnant women (identified by two
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5912)
Nogueira SA, Machado ES, Costa TP, Abreu T, Tavares M, Lambert JS;;; HUCFF/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: the use of interventions to prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT) in a developing setting is important to be evaluated METHODS: a prospective cohort of HIV infected women was established at a tertiary hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1995 . Initially only
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5913)
Souza IE, Azevedo ML, Succi RM, Machado DM, Diaz RS;;; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: We studied the genotypic polymorphisms in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (br) regions of HIV+ mothers and their infants to analyze its correlation with vertical transmission (VT). Prevalence of HIV-1 clades was evaluated in non-transmitting mothers (NTM) vs. transmitting mothers (TM). As clade
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5914)
Diaz N, Soto C, Minervino G, Soto S, Cruz E, Perez-Then E;;; National Pedro Henriquez Urena University (UNPHU), School of Medicine., Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
BACKGROUND: Although breastfeeding among HIV+ women is associated with substantial risk of HIV-1 transmission, the current WHO policy for developing countries encourages exclusive breastfeeding in women who have no safe alternatives. We assessed the influence of breastfeeding patterns on HIV transmission in exclusively
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5915)
Goldani MZ, Giugliani EJ, Rosa HC, Scanlon T, Tomkins A;;; UFGRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Ministry of Health instituted voluntary counselling and HIV testing programme for all pregnant women in order to reduce mother to child HIV transmission. However no studies explored the effectiveness of this programme. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of HIV testing and dentify
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5916)
Durovni B, Saraceni V, Rapparini CS, Fonseca AF;;; Health Secretariat of Rio de Janeiro City, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: To reach the goal of reduction of HIV mother to child transmission (MTCT), the first step is to offer (non-mandatory with counseling) anti-HIV tests to all pregnant women. Two different screening assays, ELISA , EIA, simple or rapid, for each sample tests are required according to the Brazilian guidelines.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5917)
Morris AB, Dobles AR, Zorrilla C, Anderson JR, Cu-Uvin S, Keller J, Harwell JI, Garb JL;;; Community Research Initiative of New England, Springfield, MA, United States
OBJECTIVES: To better understand the effects of PIs in pregnancy on prematurity, maternal & infant adverse events, and infant outcomes. METHODS: Medical records of pregnant women treated with PIs at 5 sites were reviewed. Demographics, maternal CD4 and viral load (VL) data, prematurity, infant infection status, and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5918)
Bajunirwe F, Asiimwe S, Kamya M, Arts EJ, Massaquoi I, Whalen CC;;; Mbarara University, Department of Community, Mbarara, Uganda
background: mother-to-child transmission of hiv is the main mode of acquisition of hiv for children. clinical trials have been used to show the efficacy of single dose nevirapine and short course zidovudine (azt) in in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5919)
McGowan JP, Shah SS, Crane M, Monaghan K;;; Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Baseline resistance testing in HIV-infected pregnant women with detectable plasma virus may help to modify antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to delivery in the mother and to optimize ART in the newborn. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of HIV-infected pregnant women seen in an outpatient clinic in the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5920)
Thior I, Wester C, Lockman S, Shapiro R, Heymann J, Peter T, Widenfelt E, Marlink R, Essex M; Botswana Harvard Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) and nevirapine (NVP) programs for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) in the developing world is substantially reduced by breastfeeding. In March 2001, we initiated a randomized trial in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5921)
Biggar RJ, Broadhead R, Kumwenda N, Taha TE, Cassol S;;; NCI, Bethesda, United States
BACKGROUND: Mechanisms of mother-to-child HIV transmission infection are not well understood. We previously reported a higher risk in first born twins compared to second born twins. Since birth canal exposure seemed likely, we then did an intervention trial using birth canal cleaning with chlorhexidine. This approach d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5922)
Kreitchmann R, Fuchs SC;;; STD/AIDS Municipal Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The objective of this work is to characterize risk factors for transmission when women and infants receive antiretrovirals . METHODS: We delivered pre-natal and pediatric care to 361 HIV women and their infants from January 1997 to December 2000 at the STD/AIDS Municipal Center. The therapies with antirerov
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5923)
Ferrero S, Casagrande V, Masi ED, Biasotti B, Bentivoglio G;;; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Genova, Genova, Italy
BACKGROUND: to document the incidence, type and severity of complications after CS in HIV-positive pregnant women. METHODS: retrospective study performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Genoa University, Italy . A total of 45 HIV-positive women were compared with 450 HIV-negative women appropriately
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5924)
Bharucha K, Shrotri A, Sastry J, Bhore A, Bulakah P, Bollinger RC, Phadke M;;; BJMC, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: Most HIV screening programs for pregnant women are restricted to prenatal clinics. However, in many countries, access to prenatal care is limited. Little data is available about the prevalence of HIV infection in women presenting for delivery. METHODS: From April-Dec 2001, women presenting to the delivery r
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5925)
Vadrevu L, Vadrevu R, Manthena R;;; Saisudha Hospital, Kakinada, India
BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken over a period of 50 months from JUN 1997 to AUG 2001 in a developing country with poverty, illiteracy and ignorance about HIV-AIDS. In tune with lack of HIV awareness in the general public there was a lot of ignorance about the disease prevalence and Mother to Child transmis
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5926)
Phadke MA, Bharucha KE, Shrotri AN, Sastry J, Gupte NA, Brookmeyer R, Joshi PL, Bollinger RC;;; Directorate of Medical Education &Research, Maharashtra Ministry of Health, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship between early post-partum morbidity of infants born to HIV-infected mothers and infant feeding practices, in a large government hospital in Pune, India . METHODS: Between March 2000 and November 2001, infants born to consenting HIV-infected mothers who were provided shor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5927)
Sainz de Vicuna San Pedro LI, Leguizamon M, Rodriguez M, Leguizamon R, Burgueno F, Navarro H, Gomez G, Estalayo M;;; MARTIN MATERNITY, ROSARIO, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Argentina has got the highest rate in pediatrics HIV in Latin America. The detection of the infected pregnant is essential to avoid Vertical transmission. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study of a retrospective cohort of pregnant women based on statistical data, which correlates the annual childbirth with the HIV d
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5928)
Chotpitayasunondh T, Vanprapa N, Waranawat N, Chokephaipulkit K, Mock P, Culnane M, Simonds RJ, Tappero JW;;; Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand
Introduction: Antenatal zidovudine (ZDV) from 36 weeks (wks) gestation until delivery (Bangkok [BKK] regimen) reduced HIV transmission by 50% (from 18.4% to 9.4%). In 1999, the BKK regimen was modified to include 4 wks of newborn ZDV. This study was designed to determine the perinatal transmission risk (TR) and risk fa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5929)
Chearskul S, Chotpitayasunondh T, Vanprapa N, Punpanich W, Culnane M, Teeraratkul A, Tappero JW, Simonds RJ;;; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
OBJECTIVES: In 1999, a regimen of short-course antenatal zidovudine (ZDV) and 4 weeks of newborn ZDV was initiated in 2 urban hospitals in Bangkok. Rapid HIV testing was offered in labor to women who were not tested antenatally, and ZDV was offered to those testing HIV+. This study was designed to evaluate implementati
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5930)
Cruz ML, Joao EC, Menezes JA, Calvet GA, Salgado LA, d'Ippolito MM, Bazin GR, Chegure IR, Ribeiro SR, Braga RC, Matos H;;; Hospital dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: A high incidence of premature delivery (gestational age
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5931)
Kanshana S, Amornwichet P, Kullerk N, Natamanop S, Rakseri S, Kusonjariya S, Baggaelay R, Lo Y;;; Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
BACKGROUND: A survey in the Thai PMTCT program after 1 year of implementation evaluated the effectiveness and impact of counselling on participating women, assessing the acceptance, satisfaction, understanding of the PMTCT program and the concerns and needs of antenatal women. METHODOLOGY: From June to July 2000, the e
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5932)
Rudin C;;; University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: The publication of results of the PACTG-076 trial in 1994 initiated a new era of progress in combatting the Pediatric AIDS epidemic in industrialized countries. Subsequently a continuing decrease in the vertical transmission rate has been achieved with introduction of additional interventions such as electi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5933)
Buchholz B, Beichert M, Holzwarth N, Hien S, Schaible T, Niessen KH;;; Universitatskinderklinik, Mannheim, Germany
BACKGROUND: In the last years increasingly more HIV-1 infected pregnant women are treated with 3 antiretroviral drugs(HAART) before and during pregnancy or receive two antirerovirals(ART) in pregnancy to prevent vertical HIV1-transmission. Up to now the embryo- and fetotoxic effects of single drugs are unknown, even le
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5934)
Hien S, Buchholz B, Beichert M, Linde R, Holzwarth N, Schaible T, Niessen KH;;; Universitatskinderklinik, Mannheim, Germany
BACKGROUND: In Germany a low rate of vertical HIV-1 transmission (1-2%) in pregnant women with known HIV-1 infection has been achieved since 1995 by combination of antiretroviral therapy for pregnant woman, caesarean section before onset of labor, antiretroviral prophylaxis of the newborn and refraining from breastfeed
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5935)
Stringer JS, Sinkala M, Goldenberg RL, Acosta EP, Kumwenda R, Chapman V, Vermund SH;;; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
Introduction: We studied implementation strategies that maximize use of NVP to prevent MTCT. METHODS: We compared 2 antenatal-care-based NVP strategies and one labor-ward-based NVP strategy in a prospective trial in Lusaka, Zambia . TARGETED therapy offered HIV testing to women in antenatal care (ANC) and NVP to seropo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5936)
Visconti A, Colella D, Cuitino M, Quian J, Alonso JG;;; Mother-Child Center HIV-AIDS, Ministry of Public Health ., Montevideo, Uruguay
BACKGROUND: Vertical transmission of Human Immune Deficiency virus (HIV) with no interventions is 25% . In Uruguay , in 1998, 2 every thousand pregnant women were HIV positive. Therefore, out of a total of 54.000 births in the country for that same year, we estimate 108 HIV positive pregnancies. The objective of the pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5937)
Gebre Y, Figueroa JP, Norman LR, Ashley D, Dale D, Hylton-Kong T;;; MINISTRY OF HEALTH, Kingston, Jamaica
BACKGROUND: HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) accounts for 10% of the total reported AIDS cases in the Caribbean. In Jamaica , Paediatric AIDS cases represent 8% of the total. The main objective of this study is to examine the feasibility and cost effectiveness of introducing HIV-MTCT into the existing reproducti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5938)
Likhitwonnawut UL, Likhitwonnawut U;;; CARE Thailand/Raks Thai Foundation, Chiang Mai, Thailand
OBJECTIVE: To identify problems and needs of the participants of the government s mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) program in northern Thailand . METHODOLOGY: In-depth interviews with 50 HIV positive mothers who participated in the MTCT program using a structured open-ended questionnaire during home and hospital
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5939)
Viswanath R, Jacob M, Samuel NM, Ahamed S, Joshi PL;;; Tn.dr.mgr.medical university, Chennai, India
BACKGROUND: Qualitative DNA PCR is used to monitor HIV-1 status in infants. Earlier detection of HIV-1 in infants will help in deciding breast feeding a child. In India risk of vertical transmission of HIV-1 is 48%(NACO).To reduce this risk of transmission National AIDS Control Organisation has conducted Fesibility stu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5940)
Giaquinto C, Torresan S, Rampon O, Ruga EM, Fregonese F, Esoka FE, Balasso V, Manzardo C, Rossi AD, D'Elia R, Sturkenboom M;;; Dipartimento di Pediatria, Padova, Italy
BACKGROUND: Nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) reduce mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV by about 70%. Our objective was to evaluate whether mild mitochondrial damage, as shown by elevated plasma lactic acid (LA) level, is associated with prenatal and/or perinatal exposure to antiretro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5941)
Duran A, Hackim A, Zlatkes R, Adissi L, Toibaro J, Lourtau L, Losso M;;; Htal.Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Therapy with zidovudine has been shown to reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission in HIV infected pregnant women population. Few data are available in relation with both combined therapy and type of delivery OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the impact of combined therapy on perinatal HIV transmission.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5942)
Mwanyumba FM, Quaghebeur A, Wim C, Melis R, Verhofstede C, Solomon M, Mandaliya K, Temmerman M;;; Coast Provincial Hospital and Ghent University, Belgium, Mombasa, Kenya
BACKGROUND: The risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding is higher if infants are given both breast and formula feeding (mixed feeding). According to WHO recommendations, HIV positive women are encouraged either to exclusively breast or formula feed but not both. Main objective: To determine factors which influen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5943)
Horgan M, Dillon AM, Sheehan C;;; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
The Department of Health and Children in Ireland introduced a policy of voluntary antenatal HIV testing in April 1999. The rationale was a sustained yearly increase positive results in unlinked antenatal HIV tests since 1992 and the benefit of treatment in preventing maternal-fetal transmission. The policy was introduc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5944)
Bunge K, Virgo D, Keller J, Weikel T, Holcroft C, Ross B, Hanna G, Anderson J;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Maternal HIV-RNA level (VL) at the time of delivery is an established risk factor for perinatal transmission. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 64 HIV+ women treated with antiretrovirals (ARV) in pregnancy to identify predictors of undetectable VL (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5945)
Forsyth BW, Barringer SR, Landry ML, Ferguson D, Tinghitella T, Unfricht M, Luchansky E, Walls T, Magriples U;;; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
BACKGROUND: Conducting rapid HIV testing in labor may have an important role for preventing perinatal HIV transmission when testing has not been done earlier in pregnancy. Studies have shown that if a woman is found to be positive, initiation of antiretroviral treatment even after delivery might decrease the risk of tr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5946)
Bakshi S, Purswani M, Stuard E, Kalakata V, Crane M, Duggirala S, McGowan J;;; Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Despite decline in MTCT, failures continue to occur. We reviewed trends in MTCT since 1998 in an inner-city hospital in Bronx where HIV seroprevalance (SP) in women at delivery is high, and evaluated factors contributing to MTCT. METHODS: HIV infection (inf) was diagnosed in women by Ab test in pregnancy, n
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5947)
Kitinya W, Kesesa A, Jorgensen A;;; University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
ISSUES: There has been a growing concern over transmission of HIV through breastfeeding. UNAIDS has estimated that 5-700 children are infected with HIV every day through breast milk and it is estimated that 4000 infants die every day because they were not adequately breastfed. For HIV infected women, who must decide ho
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5948)
Gingelmaier A, Kurowski M, Kaestner R, Kriegel S, Knobbe A, Belohradsky BH, Stauber M, Grubert TA;;; I. Frauenklinik der Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany
BACKGROUND: In Europe the number of women getting pregnant under a current HAART is increasing. However, little is known about potential adverse effects for the babies. In a pilot study we tried to learn more about the in vivo pharmacokinetics of these drugs. We investigated the placental transfer of nevirapine and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5949)
Veloso VG, Vasconcelos M, Matzenbacher LA, Vasconcelos AL, Grangeiro A, Portela MC, The Pacata Study Group AN;;; Evandro Chagas Hospital Research Center - Fiocruz and Rio de Janeiro State AIDS Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: In Brazil , AZT and other anti-retroviral drugs are provided to HIV infected women and their babies by the MoH. Since 1997, the MoH has adopted a police of universal offering of HIV test to women during antenatal care(ANC). This study was aimed at assessing the level of HIVcounselling and test
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5950)
Juethner S, Williamson C, Ristig M, Tebas P, Aberg JA;;; Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
BACKGROUND: IAS-USA recommends resistance testing of all HIV positive pregnant women while the US Public Health Services recommends testing only in acute HIV infection and virologic failure or suboptimal viral suppression by antiretroviral therapy (ART). The overall prevalence of resistance in the drug naive population
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5951)
Noguera A, Perez-Duenas B, Tello LM, Artuch R, Garcia-Fructuoso M, Munoz MC, Fortuny C;;; Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child transmission rates as low as 1% have been achieved in the last years by prophylactic antiretroviral therapy, elective caesarean section delivery and refraining from breastfeeding. However, exposure to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in fetal or early life has bee
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5952)
Nyazema NZ, Gomo E, Ndlovu P, Friis H, Staff EO;;; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
BACKGROUND: Zimbabwe has an estimated 33% rate of HIV infection among pregnant women presenting at ante-natal clinics where they are still encouraged to breastfeed after birth. We decided to investigate whether there is a crtitical cut off of plasma viral load that broke the blood-breast-barrier, and what this meant fo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5953)
de Vincenzi I, Gaillard P, Farley T;;; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: Starting HAART during pregnancy in women with immuno-deficiency in resource constrained settings has several potential advantages: (1) to improve efficacy of current interventions to prevent MTCT based on short course antiretroviral regimens; (2) to protect against transmission through breastfeeding, thus s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5954)
Gogate A, Gurnani P;;; Mumbai Districts Aids Control Society (MDACS), Mumbai, India
ISSUE: The population of Mega city of Mumbai > 12 million. Mumbai has become epicenter of HIV infection having sero-prevalence of 3.5% in general population with sero-prevalence of HIV infection of 3.5% to 5.5% in ante-natal cases. Mumbai has birth rate of 18/1000 estimates. DESCRIPTION: Mother to child transmission is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB5955)
Garcia PM, Covington D, Watts DH, Beckerman K, Fox HE, Parker A, White A;;; Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
OBJECTIVE: To describe the changing patterns of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnancy along with the prevalence of birth defects. METHODS: The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) is an international registry of pregnancy exposures to ARV agents voluntarily reported by health care providers. Since 1989, prospect
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB5956)
Diouf A, Cisse ML, Cisse C, Wane Y, Diaw L, Sall NM, Mboup S, Ndoye I;;; PNLS, Dakar, Senegal
BACKGROUND: The prevention of mother to child transmission include the pluridisciplinary approach from the counsellers to the pediatrician crossing the gynecologist, the biologist, the infectiologic doctor, the social worker and the community. METHODS: Before the ANC, the social workers, the midwives and members of NGO
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB5957)
Vink PE, Farley J, Nair P, Hines S, Flinko R;;; University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: The objective of the NIDA project AIDS Risk in Pregnant IDUs and their Children was to study substance abuse as a determinant in vertical transmission. METHODS: HIV+ women (n=191) obtaining prenatal care or delivering at the Univ of Maryland were prospectively enrolled from 1987 to 1996. They were stratifie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB5958)
Sy H, Diack AM, Diagne NR, Diouf A, Diaw L, Toure NC, Ndir I, Gaye A, Mbaye N, Goumbala M, Gueye M, Ka S, Dieme Y, Dionne P, Sall NM, Mboup S, Ndoye I;;; CHU Albert Royer, Dakar, Senegal
The care of infants included in the Senegalese program of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV BACKGROUND: The pediatric care of the HIV infected infants started in 2000 inside of the Senegalese Initiative for access to ARVs triple therapy. There is 3 sites of pediatric HIV care: Pediatric hospital Albert
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB5959)
Santos AG, Arnoni MV, Berezin EN, Almeida FJ, Safadi MA;;; Santa Casa de Sao Paulo Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Identification of pregnant HIV women is quite important because as earlier in pregnancy treatment is started, as better. We attend a very poor population in Sao Paulo, Brazil , and many pregnant women do not go though pre natal care or are not offer to be tested during the pregnancy. We describe the inciden
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB5960)
Gomez MP, Read SE, McNeil P, Jervis M, Bain RM, Major C;;; Princess Margaret Hospital, Nassau, Bahamas
BACKGROUND: A program to reduce transmission of HIV from mothers to babies using zidovudine (ZDV) was introduced in the Bahamas in 1995. The protocol followed was similar to that of ACTG 076. The purpose of this study is to describe the uptake of the program and the outcome in prevention of transmission
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5961)
Solis I, Ramos JT, Fortuny C, Almeda J, Bates I, Beceiro J, Bertran JM, Casabona J, Barrio PD, Ferrando P, Garaulet C, Garcia L, Garcia Fructuoso MT, nzalez Espinola AI, Gurbindo MD, Hernandez Garcia JM, Iglesias E, Jimenez JS, de Jose MI, pez Gay D, Miralles P, Munoz MA, Munoz MC, Munoz Galligo E, Mur A, Navarro ML, ate S, Pena JM, Pulido F, Regidor F, Roa MA, Rodrigo C, Rubio B, Rubio R, Contreras JR, Salas S, Salcedo NA, nchez E, Santos MJ, Segovia P;;; Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Epidemiology in HIV-1 infected women is changing, largely due to the effectiveness of AR treatment. However, the benefit and risk must be balanced. Large registers of woman-infant pairs are needed to determine the safety of AR in the mother and newborn and to assess the current transmission rate. OBJECTIVES
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5962)
Keiser P, Nassar NN, Koen G, Moreno S;;; UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
OBJECTIVES: There is little clinical data on the response by women to anti-retroviral therapy (ART). The over-whelming majority of subjects in clinical trials are men. In addition, cohort studies suggest that women have more aggressive HIV infection than men. We performed a cohort study to compare virologic response AR
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5963)
Cohen MH, Cook JA, Grey D, Gange SJ, Young M, Hannau L, Tien P, Levine A;;; The CORE Center, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for whom highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is indicated may not receive appropriate antiretroviral therapy. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of US women who were eligible but not reporting HAART use. METHODS: Data from the seropositive sa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5964)
Pardo MA, Ruiz MT, Gimeno A, Navarro L, Garcia A, Tarazona MV, Aznar MT;;; Dep. Salud Publica. Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
BACKGROUND: There is historical evidence that women have been underrepresented in medical research. The objective of this study is to assess the women representation in clinical trials of AIDS drugs and reporting the information from the gender perspective. METHODS: It was developed a systematic review of 49 randomized
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5965)
Giordano TP, Visnegarwala F, Wright JA, Adu-Oppong A, Graviss EA;;; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
BACKGROUND: Little data exist to determine if CD4 response to SVS from HAART differs by gender or ethnicity. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of patients from the Thomas Street Clinic who were antiretroviral naive, had complete baseline (BL) viral load (VL) and CD4 data, and had a SVS from HAART at 6 months was identifi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5966)
Min SS, Corbett AH, Rezk N, Fiscus SA, Cohen MS, Kashuba AD;;; The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the female GT is a sanctuary site for HIV-1 replication. Few data exist for antiretroviral [ARV] concentrations [CONC] in female GT secretions. METHODS: Cervicovaginal [CV] and blood plasma [BP] samples from 5 women currently failing ARV therapy were collected on 2 separate days.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5967)
Palella FJ, Gathe J, Brutus A, Sension M, Allen B, Morrow P;;; Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, United States
Background and methods: To profile gender differences in CD4 cell count (CD4) and HIV plasma viral load (VL) outcomes among patients (pts) receiving > 2 years (yrs)of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with NLV and dual NRTI s as first ever HAART, we reviewed records of patients who received >24 continuous months of such the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5968)
Nguyen ML, Nagy GS, Hernandez I, Holtzberg J, Rio CD, Lennox J;;; Emory University/Grady Health Systems, Atlanta,GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Limited data suggest that women have a lower initial viral load (VL) and a more rapid response to HAART. We compared the response to HAART and toxicity in women and men treated at an inner city HIV clinic in the US. METHODS: Retrospective matched cohort study of patients on HAART between 5/96 and 10/01 with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5969)
Money D, Hankins C, Rachlis A, Coutlee F, Wobeser W, Pourreaux K, Shu JO;;; Oak Tree Clinic, Children's and Women's Health Centre of B.C. and the dpt of Epidemiology and Gynecology, U.B.C., Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: To determine the evolution of cervical cytology in HIV infected women and the effect of HAART on this process. METHODS: Women participating in the Canadian Women s HIV Study (CWHS) have pap smears performed at 6 monthly intervals. All participating women have baseline questionnaires and 6 monthly follow up
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5970)
Sharma R, Bellantone B, Singh D;;; The University Hospital &Arnold &Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Brooklyn, United States
BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating nelfinavir (NFV) pharmacokinetics are scanty and have been mostly performed in males. The pharmacokinetic parameters of NFV 1250 mg twice daily (BID) have been examined in only one published abstract. We conducted a study to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of NFV 1250mg BID in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5971)
Pynka M;;; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Pomeranian Academy of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
BACKGROUND: Altered lipid profile is described in naive as well as in patients under HAART. OBJECTIVE: to determine the lipid profile in women with stable HIV infection before and after 6 months of HAART. Patients and methods: fasting triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCh), HDL, LDL and leptins were measured in 41
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5972)
Cernohous P, Bernstein B, Mosley J, King M, Bauer E, Sun E;;; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Laboratories, United States
BACKGROUND. Lopinavir/ ritonavir (LPV/r) is a novel protease inhibitor (PI) that achieves trough concentrations >75-fold above the EC50 of LPV relative to wild type virus when dosed at 400/100 mg BID. METHODS. Study M98-863 is a multi-center, international, double-blind randomized study of 653 ARV-naive subjects treate
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5973)
Archer H, Miguez-Burbano MJ, Rodriguez A, Burbano X, Pilarte A, Rodriguez N, Shor-Posner G;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: Recent reports of a non-significant reduction in the rate of HIV/hospitalizations suggests that HAART may have reached its threshold of effectiveness in reducing clinical morbidity resulting in hospital admissions. METHODS: Rates of hospitalization, discharge diagnosis, medical history, CD4 and viral load w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5974)
Visnegarawala F, Wright JA, Giordano T, Anooka A, Hasan MQ, Graviss EA;;; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the use of non-PI/ NNRTI therapy among the urban indigent who have poor adherence. We hypothesised similar effectiveness of non-PI vs PIs as initial therapy for urban indigent newly entering care. METHODS: We conducted retrospective cohort study using observational database of all
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5975)
Johnson DL, Jasuja S, Leal MA;;; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: As nonphysician clinicians (NCPs) become increasingly prominent as health care providers, studies looking at clinical outcomes need to be done. This study looked at the differences in the prescribing patterns between physicians (MDs) and NCPs using virologic outcome of less than
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5976)
Furrer H, Staehelin C, Egger M, Ledergerber B, Battegay M, Rickenbach M;;; University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
BACKGROUND: To analyze the importance of immigrants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and their access to anti-retroviral treatment. METHODS: 1) Descriptive analysis of changes of registration within Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) with regard to region of origin of participants before 1989; 1989-1992; 1993-1996; 1997
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB5977)
Crystal S, Sambamoorthi U, Moynihan P, McSpiritt E;;; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
BACKGROUND: Adherence to HAART regimens over time is often challenging. This study examines persistence on treatment over time and its association with patient characteristics. METHODS: Medicaid paid claims merged with HIV/AIDS surveillance data were used to analyze use of protease inhibitors (PIs) and non-nucle
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5978)
Lin HH, Chiou HM, Lee SS, Huang CK, Chen YS, Liu YC;;; Section of Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients. Most studies have concluded that treatment of HCV co-infection results in an initial efficacy and long-term response. However, false-negative HCV antibody is associated with low CD4 cell counts i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5979)
Brandin E, Lindborg L, Brostrom C, Gyllensten K, Albert J;;; Department of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-2 is not well characterized mainly because there are few HIV-2 infected patients on treatment. Thus, it is difficult to establish if resistance contributes to treatment failure in HIV-2 infected patients who fail treatment with protease inhibitors (PI) and nu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5980)
Torre D, Speranza F, Ghezzi S, Tambussi G, Lazzarin A, Tambini R, Poli G;;; Dept Infectious Diseases, General Hospital, Varese, Italy
BACKGROUND: IL-2 has been investigated as an adjunct to antiretroviral therapy (ART) to enhance immunologic activity, but adverse events, including fever, tachycardia,hypotension and respiratory failure, are typically dose and schedule dependent, inasmuch as it has been observed that low doses of IL-2 are better tolera
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5981)
Sieg SF, Lederman MM;;; Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, United States
BACKGROUND: T cells from hiv-infected patients demonstrate proliferation defects when stimulated with antigens or mitogens. We have previously described the use of anti-vbeta3 antibody stimulation as a methodology that allows for the determination of proliferative defects in HIV disease on a single cell basis. Patient
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5982)
Routy for the International SILCAAT Team JP;;; Royal Victoria Hospital Immunodeficiency Service, Montreal, Canada
BACKGROUND: The success of HIV clinical endpoint studies in the era of ART is dependent on subject long-term participation. We hypothesized that patient characteristics, duration of infection, and geographic region would influence visit compliance and subject participation. METHODS: SILCAAT is a Phase III, randomized (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5983)
Ribeiro JE, Souza AS, Lima MB, Silva MA, Pires ML, Varela AC, Maleh HC, Machado CM, Magalhaes EA;;; University of Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO), Gaffree e Guinle University Hospital(HUGG), Medical Clinical, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Backgroud: Evaluate the action of the subcutaneous recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) on the levels of cells CD4+ in patients (pt) infected by the HIV in highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) use. Design: Prospective controlled study. METHODS: A total of 36 pt infected by HIV, under ambulatorial care, ages from 20
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5984)
Natarajan V, Garnett T, Badralmaa Y, Metcalf JA, Kovacs JA, Lane HC;;; NCI at Frederick, Frederick, United States
BACKGROUND: Intermittent administration of IL-2 has been shown in multiple trials to increase the number of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected patients. However, the biochemical changes associated with IL-2 administration have not been explored in detail. We have investigated the changes in levels of different plasma prote
BACKGROUND: ESPRIT is an international, randomized (1:1) trial to determine if subcutaneous (SC) IL-2 therapy + combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to ART alone reduces risk of AIDS or death among patients (pts) with baseline CD4 >/=300 cells/mm3. The trial will randomize and follow 4000 pts for 5 years.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5986)
Egelhofer M, Martinius H, Brandenburg G, Schult-Dietrich P, Vorpahl F, von Laer D;;; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 42-44, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Peptides derived from the heptad repeats of HIV-1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein can efficiently inhibit HIV-1 fusion and entry. However, these peptides are orally not bioavailable, have an extreme short half-life time, and large-scale production is highly expensive. To overcome these drawbacks, our group established a ret
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5987)
McClelland RS, Baeten JM, Overbaugh J, Richardson BA, Mandaliya K, Emery S, Lavreys L, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo JJ, Kreiss JK;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Vitamin supplementation has been proposed as a means of modifying HIV-1 transmissibility. Among pregnant women in Tanzania , multivitamins reduced adverse pregnancy outcomes but were also associated with a trend toward increased HIV-1 infection among infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5988)
Baum MK, Campa A, Lai S, Lai H, Sales S, Yang Z, Scott J, Page B;;; Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
BACKGROUND: Zinc deficiency reduces the generation of T-cells, and depresses humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The significance of zinc deficiency in HIV-1 infection, however, has not been elucidated despite various HIV+ populations, including those on HAART exhibiting plasma levels of zinc indicative of zinc deficie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5989)
Baeten JM, McClelland RS, Overbaugh J, Richardson BA, Emery S, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, Bankson DD, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo JJ, Kreiss JK;;; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Observational studies have associated vitamin A deficiency with vaginal shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected cells and mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. METHODS: To assess the effect of vitamin A supplementation on vaginal shedding of HIV-1, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5990)
Liss M, Vaamonde C, Boyle B;;; Center For Special Studies, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Nutrition and exercise interventions have favorable effects on abnormal lipid profiles in the general population. Little data exists on the impact of these interventions on HAART-associated hyperlipidemia (HAH). METHODS: Retrospective medical record review of patients (Pts) with documented hyperlipidemia, o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5991)
Shor-Posner G, Miguez MJ, Burbano X, Rodriguez A, Ruiz P, Zhang G, Baum MK;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: Deficiency of the trace element selenium has been shown to dramatically increase the risk of HIV-1 related mortality. The present findings are based on recently completed studies to determine the impact of selenium chemoprevention on HIV disease progression. METHODS: 259 HIV+ drug users (147 men, 112 women)
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5992)
Queiroz W, Negra MD, Taddei JA, Colugnati F, Yu CL, Pochini AP, Soraggi-Neto C, Pacola DP;;; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of maternal HIV-infection on the growth of their offspring during the first two years of life. METHODS: From 1986 to 1992 379 children born to HIV-infected mothers were followed from birth up to 2 years of age. Anthropometric data (weight and height) were collected at birth and at eac
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5993)
Zuniga-Roiz K, Hernandez-Daly AC, Torres KJ, Zuniga JA, Mayar-Maya ME, Reyes-Teran G;;; Unit of Infectious Diseases for Immunocompromised Patients, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico, Mexico
BACKGROUND: Weight loss (WL) in HIV infected patients is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass (MM). Despite the widespread use of HAART, WL remains as an important clinical finding in patients with HIV infection. Moreover, recent studies have not found beneficial effects of HAART on MM. OBJECTIVES: to eva
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5994)
Araujo CA, Barbosa MS, Oliveira CM, Pereira RM, Vasconcelos MA, Melo LJ, Pinto JA;;; Federal university of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that impairment in growth parameters is an early event in HIV infected children. This study aimed to assess longitudinally the growth of HIV- exposed infants during the first 12 months of life and to determine whether growth impairment was an early indicator of HIV infection in Brazilian ch
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5995)
Burbano X, Miguez-Burbano MJ, Hernandez R, Rodriguez A, Ruiz P, Lecusay R, Shor-Posner G;;; University of Miami, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: Cervical Dysplasia (CD) has been associated with low selenium levels in HIV (-) women. We investigated the prevalence of CD in HIV+ women in a selenium (Se) therapy trial. METHODS: 92 women were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Se study and completed a 6-month visit which included
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5996)
Miguez-Burbano MJ, Ruiz P, Rodriguez A, Burbano X, Castillo G, Pineda LM, Lecusay R, Shor-Posner G;;; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, United States
BACKGROUND: Both low selenium and high IL8 levels have been associated with immune dysfunction, and increased HIV-1 replication. The mechanisms mediating these actions are mainly unknown. The interaction between selenium and IL8 levels in relationship to immune response during HAART was investigated. METHODS: Selenium
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5997)
Kotler DP, Muurahainen N, Chang P, Engelson ES, Wang J, Heymsfeld SB, Gertner JM;;; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: Patients (pts) with HIV-associated Adipose Redistribution Syndrome (HARS) have excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT), dorsocervical fat, and/or other upper body subcutaneous fat. To enter a multi-center trial of growth hormone (Serostim®) in HARS, HIV pts were required to have increased waist circumferenc
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5998)
Vilar FJ, Stalford AC, Taylor W, Shenkin A, Park BK, Pirmohamed M;;; Department of Infectious Diseases &Tropical Medicine, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Vitamin E deficiency is known to occur in HIV-positive adults, and may increase the rate of disease progression. Vitamin E decreases HIV replication in cell culture. Supplementation with vitamins E and C in HIV positive patients may lower HIV viral loads, although this needs further study. The effect of hig
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB5999)
Mduma B, Phegelo M, Mompati K, Ntshebe O, Sibiya J, Gabaitsewe L, Baile T, Mazhani P, Luo C, Rollins NC, Willumsen FJ, Kleintjes S;;; Food and Nutrition Unit, MOH, Gaborone, Botswana
BACKGROUND:. The UNAIDs guidelines for artificial feeding of infants of HIV-infected mothers recommend artificial feeding when in addition to un-interrupted formula supply for at least six months, there is access to safe drinking water and means to boil water for preparing formula and sterilizing utensils. An assessmen
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6000)
Sommers EA, Porter KE;;; AIDS Care Project, Boston, United States
BACKGROUND: The study examines whether acupuncture can minimize digestive side-effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and affect adherence to medication protocols. METHODS: A 6-week cross-over clinical trial was designed to examine whether a set of 4 symptom-specific acupuncture points can be more effe
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6001)
Robinson N, Pedro L, Sumeray D;;; Thames Valley UniversityAMES vALLE, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: The Immune Development Trust (IDT) is a charity providing a range of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments for people with HIV infection and a range of other conditions. Treatment is provided at a low cost clinic and in 20+ London outpatient clinics. This study explores the use of CAM and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6002)
Bouic PJ, Lamprecht JH, Classens G, Clark A, Brittle W, Freestone M;;; University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Memory immune responses are very important in protecting the host against invading pathogens including those that are common causes of disease in HIV positive and AIDS patients. ModucareTM is a natural immune modulator shown to have efficacy in several chronic conditions (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6003)
Couppie P, Bissuel F, Sobesky M, Renau-ferrer R, Flexor G, Vernon D, Ehrlacher A, Guedj ME, Pradinaud R;;; C.H. de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
BACKGROUND: Interactions between phytotherapy and HIV-1 protease inhibitors have been already described (St John s wort / indinavir ). It is thus significant to study traditional medicines to detect interactions between phytotherapy and antiretroviral therapies.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6004)
Weber K, Schneider M, Sacks H, Young M, Greenblatt R, Wilson T, Heikes B, Kim S;;; The CORE Center, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
BACKGROUND: We reported over 50% CAM use in our cohort of 2,059 HIV+ & 569 HIV- women at baseline. Understanding CAM use patterns in the HAART era is important since potential toxicities & drug interactions may occur. METHODS: Data from detailed CAM questionnaires of 1,551 women from 6 national Women s Interage
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6005)
Nasta P, Chiaffarino F, Agnoletto V, Parazzini F, Mann C, Kokkas K, Culler N;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Brescia, Italy
BACKGROUND: HAART therapy is related very often with a decrement in Quality of Life (QL) and with an important concern about one s health status. CT use is reported in literature related to side effect to improve quality of life. Aims:ELECTHIV project (European Level Evaluation of Complementary Techniques in HIV), prom
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6006)
Nasta P, Agnoletto V, Chiaffarino F, Parazzini F, Sala C, Weiler G, Kokkas K;;; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Brescia, Italy
BACKGROUND: Lack of adherence is one of the cause of treatment failure. Some scientific articles reported an adherence reduction if HAART is used together with natural therapies. Aims: ELECTHIV project-European Level Evaluation of Complementary Techniques in HIV, promoted by EU and Italian Institute of Health, is a cas
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6007)
Nasta P, Agnoletto V, Chiaffarino F, Parazzini F, Mann C, Culler N, Behar Y, Kokkas K;;; Institute od Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Brescia, Italy
BACKGROUND: 46% of HIV+ people in Europe use Natural therapy (NT) to improve their quality of life. Herbs could interact with antiretrovirals. To use drugs and herbs together, without a guide could be really dangerous. Aims: ELECTHIV project (European Level Evaluation of Complementary Techniques in HIV), promoted by EU
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6008)
Prentiss DE, Balmas MG, Power R, Israelski DM;;; San Mateo County Health Center, San Mateo, CA, United States
Backgound. Controversy over the use of marijuana to benefit people with chronic disease is limited by the few data currently available. This study examines the prevalence of marijuana use, adherence to antiretroviral treatments (ART), the use of alternative therapies, and their associations with complete viral suppress
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6009)
Johnson Q, Weitz F, Mabusela W, Klaasen J;;; University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
BACKGROUND: For the past 5000 years, garlic has been known as natures most powerful antibiotic. However, very few scienctific studies have assessed related wild garlic species as potentially safe, effective and cheap therapeutics, that could combat fungal and bacterial pathogens such as Candida albicans and Tuberculosi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6010)
So V;;; University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of the use of herbs as a form of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the health of HIV-infected patients in Chinese communities; to determine the patterns and reasons for this use; and to examine associations between predisposing variables and the use of Chinese Herbal Medicin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6011)
Engelhard P, Knies M;;; Apex South Beach, Miami Beach, United States
BACKGROUND: Various techniques have been employed in an attempt to correct the cosmetic facial defects caused by HIV-Associated Lipoatrophy of the Face (HALF). This study presents data regarding the short term (6 month) efficacy and safety of New-Fill (Polylactic acid) in the treatment of HALF. METHODS: Data was collec
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6012)
Medeiros R, Diaz RS, Castelo A;;; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Brazil was the first country to provide unrestricted, free of costs access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, there is insufficient data evaluating the effectiveness of these drugs for patients seen at the public health network. OBJECTIVES: to ascertain the durability of ART offered to HIV infected p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6013)
Lozano F, Colmenero MA, rquez M, Guerrero F, Hernandez-Quero J, Pasquau J, Terron A, Hernandez-Burruezo JJ, Gutierrez-Rave V, Delgado M, Arco A, Valera B;;; H.U. de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
BACKGROUND: To describe the use and trends of antretroviral treatment (ART) in out-patients followed-up in public hospitals of Andalusia (south of Spain ) during 1996-2000. METHODS: 5 cross-sectional surveys of HIV-infected adults attended in the out-care facilities of 23 public hospitals of Andalusia in 1996-2000. Dem
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6014)
Ngansop Kenmogne Kaptue CP;;; university of YaoundeI, Yaounde, Cameroon
OBJECTIVES: To determine(1) the seroprevalence of HIV and HBV infections among patients attending some hospitals in Douala and Yaounde (2) the seroprevalence of HIV and HBV cinfection among these patients METHOD: A cross sectional study was carried out among patients admitted in medicine ward, chest and STDs clinic in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6015)
Cooper D, Cheng A, Coakley DF, Sayre J, Zhong L, Chen SS, Westland C, Miller MD, Brosgart C;;; NCHECR, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia
BACKGROUND: TDF has potent in vivo and in vitro activity against both wild-type and LAM resistant HBV. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TDF 300mg in the treatment of patients with HIV/HBV co-infection enrolled in Study 907, a double-blind, placebo (PLB)-controlled trial of TDF once daily added to a sta
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6016)
Thio CL, Seaberg EC, Kingsley L, Phair J, Visscher B, Munoz A;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
BACKGROUND: Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common. Recent evidence indicates that the HBV X protein induces HIV-1 replication. We examined the effect of HBV on (a) HIV disease progression and (b) the response to HAART. METHODS: The exposure of interest was the prese
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6017)
Hoffman-Terry M, Smith A, O'Donnell E, Wasser T;;; Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, United States
BACKGROUND: While highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved both duration and quality of life for HIV-infected patients (pts.), multiple associated adverse effects have come to the forefront including HAART hepatotoxicity. Possible predisposing factors such as underlying liver damage from past infection
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6018)
Montero FS;;; Complejo Hospitalario de Caceres, Caceres, Spain
BACKGROUND: The introduction of highly active antirretroviral therapy (HAART) has prolonged the life expectancy of patients with HIV infection. Concomitanly, end-stage liver disease is a leading cause of morbi-mortality. There is an increasing need for active therapeutic regimens to treat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6019)
Marbaghi A, Saheli S, Yarandi AN, Ebrahimi E;;; Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Purpose: A field study was conducted in order to study the attitude and practice of hemodialysis nurses in preventing the spread of hepatitis type (C) and (B) in tehran medical sciences university hospitals (Tehran 1998) METHOD: A total of 60 BS- degree nurses employed in hemodialsis wards who fulfilled the requirement
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6020)
Stellrecht KA, McKenna B, Graffunder E;;; Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: The progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease is accelerated in patients infected with HIV. Previously, we demonstrated in a multiple regression analysis that HIV viral load, apoptosis and TGF-[beta] were independently associated with overall liver pathology (Knodell score) in co-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6021)
Dey SK, Pal NK, Barat PK, De SK;;; Indian Society of People Against AIDS And Tuberculosis, Calcutta(Kolkata), India
BACKGROUND: India home to second largest HIV+ves (4 million), has witnessed sharp increase in HIV sero+vity rates from 0.8% end 95 to 2.7%+ end 2001(2K1), of all samples tested. On account of compulsory blood screening for HIV over a decade transfusion related HIV/AIDS (National reports) has gone down from 16% end Nov,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6022)
Fultz SL, Butt A, Weissman S, Rabeneck L, Justice AC;;; Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
BACKGROUND: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has recommended that all veterans (regardless of HIV status) with risk factors for hepatitis C be tested, and treated when appropriate. Although many veterans have been tested few are being treated. This may be especially true among HIV positive patients.
BACKGROUND: In times of HAART, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients are more likely to suffer and to die of hepatic complications than from AIDS. We routinely carry out liver biopsies in our coinf.pats. in order to identify cases with high risk of progression of liver fibrosis and to treat them appropriately. The aim of this ev
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6024)
Nasiff VM, Beltran M, Gil R, Sanga N;;; Hospital San Isidro, San Isidro (Pcia Buenos Aires), Argentina
BACKGROUND: Coinfection with hepatitis virus (B or C or both) and TARV including Nevirapine are well known to cause liver abnormalities in HIV subjects. The present study was carried out in order to determine whether those variables are relevant among patients currently under treatment at San Isidro Hospital.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6025)
Rockstroh JK, Schulz C, Mauss S, Klausen G, Voigt E, lz J;;; University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy, tolerance and safety of pegylated interferon-a 2b (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy for hepatitis C in HIV-coinfected patients. METHODS: 30 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (median age 40.6 years (range 29; 59), 20 male and 10 female) were treated wi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6026)
Risbud AR, Pareira M, Mehendale SM, Gangakhedkar RR, Joshi SN, Tripathy SP, Bollinger RC, Paranjape RS;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
Introduction: Hepatitis C infection is known to increase mortality among HIV infected individuals leading to development of end-stage liver disease and complications of cirrhosis. A recent study has documented presence of HCV RNA in semen among eight (38%) of 21 men indicating possibility of sexual transmission of HCV.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6027)
Zverev SY, Novikova OV, Zemskova EA;;; Regional AIDS Centre, Perm, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND: The total number of HIV-infected persons in Perm region of Russia on the end of 2001, has reached 3,151. 94% of them (2,964/ 3,151) were injecting drug users (IDUs) consuming artificial drugs and co-infected with HIV-1/HCV. Among this population 26% (786/ 2,964} were women of fertile age with risk of vertic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6028)
Poizot-Martin I, Marimoutou C, Benhaim S, Drogoul-Vey MP, Vion-Dury F, Tamalet C, Gastaut JA;;; CISIH-Sud hopital ste Marguerite,InsermU379, Marseille, France
BACKGROUND: Our objective was to evaluate tolerability and efficacy of interferon-Ribavirin treatment in HIV-HCV co-infectedpatients. METHODS: A systematic screening for HCV infection was performed in regularly followed patients (qualitative PCR, genotype) in our unit. Liver biopsy was proposed to PCR+ patients and HCV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6029)
Antonucci G, Cozzi-Lepri A, Solmone M, Luca AD, Pastecchia C, Madeddu G, Piano P, Vincenti A, Carletti F;;; INMI L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: HIV/HCV coinfection seems associated with impaired CD4+ recovery after starting HAART. The aim of this study is to assess the immunological response to HAART in coinfected patients according to HCV genotype and viral load (VL). METHODS: Prospective observational study of 334 HIV+/HCVAb+ patients with HCV VL
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6030)
Visnegarwala F, Chen L, Raghavan S, Tedaldi E;;; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
BACKGROUND: Disorders of glucose metabolism are reported with HIV&HAART. Increased prevalence of type II DM is reported with HCV in non-HIV population. We compared IR & prevalence of DM in ARV naive pts with HIV & HIV/HCV coinfection. METHODS: Demographics, fasting metabolic panel,
BACKGROUND: Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but this procedure is invasive and prone to complications. The objective was to determine the operating characteristics of a non-invasive index of biochemical markers in patients with HIV/HCV
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6032)
Post J, Williams C, Post E, Hobohm D;;; McDowell HCC, Phoenix, AZ, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV infection (HIV) is associated with Viral Hepatitis, which increases morbidity, mortality and utilization of medical care resources. McDowell HCC provides primary care for over 1000 HIV infected persons in central Arizona USA. An assessment of the hepatitis co-morbidity was needed for planning future nee
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6033)
Pfeiffer MR, Sackoff J, Bernard MA, Bryan E, Raj-Singh S;;; New York City Department of Health, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program, New York, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: In New York City (NYC), 50% to 90% of injecting drug users (IDU) are infected with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all IDUs be tested. This analysis describes the rates of HCV testing and associated factors in a population of Human Immunodefi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6034)
Airoldi M, Puoti M, Bruno R, Costa P, Hamad IE, Filice C, Castelli F, Donato F, Scalzini A, Filice G, Carosi GP;;; Clinica Malattie Infettive, Brescia, Italy
BACKGROUND. Cirrhosis due to hepatitis viruses infections and alcohol abuse is the main risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These factors are very frequent in HIV seropositives In addition liver cells displasia, HCC and an accelerated and higher incidence of HCC during experimental cancerogenesis have been
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6035)
Torriani FJ, Asensi V, Byrnes C, Carton JA, Maradona JA, Melon S, Ona M, Blanco M, Arribas JM;;; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
BACKGROUND: Although antiretroviral therapy (ARV) has no direct effect on Hepatitis C (HCV) RNA replication, it has been postulated ARV-related immune reconstitution could lead to lower levels of HCV RNA because of improved CD8-mediated HCV-specific immunity. We characterized parameters of response to ARV and HCV RNA l
Background/Aims: To analyze the factors associated with the evolution of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C , in patients with HIV coinfection. Patients and methods: Fibrosis progression rate of (FPR) (ratio between fibrosis stage and duration of infection) and cirrhosis were evaluated, using the Knode
BACKGROUND: To assess efficacy and tolerance of a combination therapy of interferon alpha-2a with ribavirin in interferon-naive patients infected with chronic hepatitis C and co-infected with HIV. METHODS: Open-label study with selection of interferon-naive patients.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6038)
Murillas J, Mallolas J, Sanchez-Tapias J, Miquel R, Garcia-Gasalla M, Bianchi L, Lazzari E, Blanco JL, Milinkovic A, Martinez E, Lonca M, Gatell JM;;; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To identify liver fibrosis progression markers in a selected population of HCV-HIV coinfected patients that meets some requirements needed to be treated with interferon plus ribavirin. METHODS: Analysis of Liver biopsies of 70 HCV-HIV coinfected patients with CD4 cell count higher than 250 cel/ il and viral
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6039)
Babik J, Holodniy M;;; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Introduction: HCV viral load (VL) and genetic heterogeneity may indicate the severity of HCV disease and likelihood of treatment response for HCV disease. Studies have documented changes in HCV quasi-species during interferon treatment. There have been no conclusive studies in HIV co-infected patients on the effect of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6040)
Kouvatsos P, Doerfler RE, Woodward WC;;; Albright College, Reading, United States
BACKGROUND: Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients co-infected with HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV). Antiretroviral (ARV) hepatotoxicity may contibute to such toxicity. While studies have focused on transaminitis as a marker for ARV hepatotoxicity, this may not be an adequate surrogate for the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6041)
nschmann S, Stapleton JT;;; Iowa City VAMC and University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in serum has been shown to be associated with lipoproteins, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) has been proposed as a cell receptor for HCV. Two clinical studies found lower rates of cholesterol in HIV-HCV co-infected individuals. We studied the molecular basis of HCV-li
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6042)
Jarrousse B, Bentata M, Honore P, Mansouri R, Gordien E, Alloui C, Launay O, Lortholary O;;; Medecine Interne - Hopital Avicenne -Universite Paris-Nord, Bobigny, France
BACKGROUND: Our objective was to determine the feasibility of interferon-alpha 2b (IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in HIV and HCV coinfected patients(pts).METHODS: Coinfected pts were screened since january 1998 for age, gender, CD4 count, HIV viral load (VL), antiretroviral therapy (ART
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB6043)
Rodriguez-TorresMaribel MR, Rodriguez-OrengoJose JR, Rios-BedoyaCarlos CR;;; Fundacion De Investigacion De Diego, Santurce, Puerto Rico
BACKGROUND: HIV/HCV co-infection is associated with higher progression to liver cirrhosis. A significant number of patients will not achive SVR with INF therapy. The effect of INF therapy in liver histology in this population is unknown. METHODS: We evaluated 33 patients with pre-and post-INF Tx. liver biopsies. Histor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB6044)
Villacres MC, Nowicki M, David D, Kovacs A, Diamond DJ;;; Department of Virology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the impact of HIV co-infection on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in HCV-infected women. METHODS. CD4+ T cell function was evaluated in 16 HCV-infected women (10 co-infected with HIV and 6 HIV-negative) by measurement of proliferation in response to HCV (core and NS3 proteins), and to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6045)
Tural C, Ballesteros A, Fuster D, Planas R, Guardiola H, Sirera G, Romeu J, Salas A, Johnston S, Tor J, Rey-Joly C, Muga R, Clotet B;;; AIDS Unit/ Servei de M. Interna, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. Canyet s/n, Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
BACKGROUND: HCV infection is an important factor in the morbidity and mortality of HIV+ patients (pts). Anti-HCV therapy should be taken into account in the clinical management of HIV/ HCV coinfected pts. Data about treatment of HCV infection in HIV+ pts is scarce. Patients and METHODS:15 HIV+/ VHC coinfected pts recei
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6046)
Hradilekova ZH, Luksik LI;;; Faculty of Education, Bratislava, Slovakia
Sexuality and its risks are rebound with the lifestyle of young people, mainly with their social life in leisure time activities. Main objective of this study was to describe the lifestyles of young people in a transforming society. We also consider in what way these lifestyles influence partnership, sexuality and its
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeB6047)
Lillo F, Lodini S, Origoni M, Taccagni GL, Veglia F, Ferrari D, Foppa CU;;; IRCCS-HSR, milano, Italy
BACKGROUND: HR- HPV cervical infection more frequently evolve in cyto-hystological lesion in immunocompromised host. We evaluated whether different antiretroviral treatments influence the gynaecological outcome of HIV positive women with a negative baseline Pap Test. METHODS: 125 women with a negative baseline Pap Test
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6048)
Mugisha E, Kaleebu P, Nielsen L, Sweat M, Thiry G, Schmidt C, Levings B;;; UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: As millions in developing countries become infected with HIV and as the cost of HIV treatment remains prohibitive to many, the hope against the epidemic is an effective vaccine. Phase I trials require baseline studies into knowledge and willingness to participate (WTP). The objectives of the study were to a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6049)
Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, de Souza M, Kim J, Polonis V, Heyward W, Gurunathan S, Ratto-Kim S, Brown A; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: The first safety and immunogenicity trial of ALVAC-HIV vCP1521 prime with an AIDSVAX B/E gp120 boost was conducted in Thailand . vCP1521 is a recombinant canarypox vector vaccine that has been genetically engineered to express subtype E HIV-1 gp120 (92TH023) linked to transmembrane anchoring portion of gp41
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6050)
Smith PF, Forrest A, Ballow CH, Adams JM, Shiveley LR;;; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
BACKGROUND: SPD-756 (formerly BCH-13520) is a novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in Phase I development. Our objective was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of single oral doses of SPD-756 in healthy volunteers. METHODS: 38 healthy men were enrolled in a randomized double-blind Phase I dose-escalatio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6051)
Suriyanon V, Thongcharoen P, Khamboonruang C, de Souza M, Gurunathan S, Kim-Ratto S, Kim J, Duliege AM, Brown AE; Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Several phase I/II trials of ALVAC-HIV candidate vaccines alone or boosted with soluble protein antigens have demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity subtype B prime-boost vaccine candidates. The predominance of subtype E infections in Thailand suggests that prime-boost vaccine candidates appropriate for
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6052)
Jack N, Smith H, Edwards J, Quava A, Campbell F, Jwang J, Simon Y, Francis C, Blattner W, Cleghorn F, Bartholomew C, Bartholomew C;;; Meal Research foundationdic, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
ISSUES: Developing countries are participating in the global search for an HIV vaccine and recruitment can present challenges, especially in face of past historical events in Tuskegee. DESCRIPTION: Trinidad and Tobago is one of the current HVTN HIV vaccine trial sites condu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6053)
Hanke T, McMichael AJ, Mwau M, Cebere I, Wee EG, Patel S, Sutton J, McShane H, Brooks M, Tomlinson M, Roberts J;;; Weatherall Intitute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Development of an effective preventive HIV vaccine remains the most pressing challenge in modern medicine. Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in the control of HIV replication. METHODS: We have found that a successive immunization with DNA- and modified vaccinia virus A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeB6054)
Costa R, Popoiu A, Doros G, Gafencu M, Popoiu C, Serban M;;; 3rd Pediatric Clinic Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
BACKGROUND: Inflammation of the pericardium could be a frequent manifestation of HIV infection among adults, but less common in children. The cause of pericardial effusion may be inflammatory in origin, due to sepsis, may be due to thyroid abnormalities or, to represent an abnormality of immune system. Material and MET
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6055)
Marins JR, Barros MB, Jamal LF, Chen S, Hudes ES, Szwarcwald CL, Barbosa A, Chequer P, Teixeira P, Hearst N;;; State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The last major study of survival time among Brazilian AIDS patients included those diagnosed prior to 6/89 (Chequer et al. AIDS 1992, 6:483-7). Since then, care has improved steadily, culminating in universal free access to HAART in late 96. While quality and quantity of life have undoubtedly improved, resu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6056)
Schwarcz S, Hsu L, Katz MH;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Declines in AIDS deaths in San Francisco (SF) began in 1995 and have continued through 2000, due in part to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The rate of decline has been lower among persons of color, suggesting a discrepancy in treatment benefit. SF has a highly treated HIV-infected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6057)
Romero JD, Barrasa A, rez-Hoyos S, Rodriguez C, Castilla J, Garcia S, ez M, Soriano V, Raposo M, Amo JD;;; Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Servicio Madrileno de Salud, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: To study HIV progression from seroconversion over a 15 years period. METHODS: Cohort study of persons with well documented dates of seroconversion. Cumulative risk of AIDS and death were calculated by extended Kaplan-Meier allowing for late entry. Cox proportional Hazards models were used to study variables
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6058)
Barrasa A, rez-Hoyos S, Santos I, Romero JD, Soriano V, Amo JD;;; Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: HCV has been suggested as a co-factor for HIV disease progression. The objective of this paper is to study how HCV co-infection affects HIV progression in a cohort of persons with well-documented dates of seroconversion followed for 15 years. METHOD: Cohort study of HIV seroconverters recruited from 1985 on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6059)
Langohr K, Melis GG;;; Politecnical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: To analyze the association between the time from intravenous (IV) drug initiation until HIV-infection, Z, and the time from HIV-infection till AIDS-diagnosis, Y, in a cohort of 361 injecting drug users attending a hospital detoxification unit in Badalona ( Spain ). METHODS: We set a log-linear model for Y a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6060)
Mannheimer S, Holson N, Farrell L, Diamond B, Hirsch-Moverman Y, Perkins M, Ford J, El-Sadr W;;; Columbia University Harlem Hospital Center, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with decrease in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. We examined a cohort of HIV-infected outpatients at an inner city HIV clinic in New York City to evaluate for predictors of mortality. METHODS: Baseline characteristics of patients (pts) enrolled in an adherence
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6061)
Jamal LF, Chen S, Marins JR, Barreira D, Hearst N;;; Sao Paulo State STD/AIDS Program, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection in persons with AIDS. Brazil is an ideal setting for large-scale studies of the clinical manifestations of TB in AIDS patients because it has both a fairly sophisticated health system allowing for accurate diagnosis and a large n
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6062)
Llopiz-Aviles M, Cashat-Cruz M, Morales-Aguirre JJ, Moreno-Macias H, mez-Barreto D;;; Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Harvard School of Public Health - Harvard University, Mexico City, Mexico
The recognition of the enhanced potency of combined therapy and the identification of new viral targets and classes of antiretroviral agents has led to improvements in increased survival of HIV-infected children. The objective of this study was to assess the impact diverse treatment regimens (mono, double, triple and q
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6063)
Garcia de la Hera M, Garcia de Olalla P, Villar CF, Amo JD, Romero JD, Guerrero R, Sanvisent A;;; University Miguel Hernandez, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
BACKGROUND: Gender difference in HIV progression is a controversial issue. The objective of this paper is to study potential differences in progression to AIDS and death between men and women in Spain in persons with well estimated dates of seroconversion METHOD: Pooled data from 1102 individuals with well-documented H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6064)
Nasti G, Martellotta F, Galloni D, Smorfa A, Mussini C, Cioppi A, D'Arminio Monforte A, Vaccher E;;; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy
To prospectively evaluate the relationship between survival and potential prognostic variables (i.e., sex, age, TIS variables, HAART, visceral involvement, previous AIDS, HIV-RNA viremia), in the era of HAART, we enrolled all consecutive pts diagnosed with KS from january 1996 within two large italian cohorts: GICAT (i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6065)
Costello C, Duerr A, Heilig CM, Shiboski SC, Sennun S, Tovanabutra S, Nelson KE, Suriyanon V;;; TRW/CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Rates of disease progression and correlates of survival among HIV-clade E infected persons have not been well defined. METHODS: HIV-positive (HIV+) male blood donors at participating Chiang Mai blood banks from 1988-97 were screened for a couples study on heterosexual HIV transmission. Most female partners
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6066)
Kilewo C, Karlsson K, Swai A, Massawe A, Lyumuya E, Mhalu F, Biberfeld G;;; Muhimbili University College for Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to analyse mortality in a cohort of HIV-1 seropositive women at the Dar es Salaam site of the UNAIDS multicentre Petra trial (a mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission intervention study using antiretroviral therapy). Antiretroviral treatment was not available in this setting apar
BACKGROUND: After starting HAART, differences in HIV RNA and CD4+ count have been observed between patients initially naive of antiretroviral therapy and pre-treated. Whether this early difference is translated in subsequent progression to AIDS or death is unclear. We compared the evolution of HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ cell coun
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6068)
Antinori A, Lorenzini P, Cingolani A, Cinque P, Soldani F, Bossolasco S, Grisetti S, Finazzi MG, Tozzi V, Bongiovanni M, Moretti F, Vigo B, Gigli B, Mazzarello G, Foresti S, Cristiano L, Mena M, Fibbia GC, Artioli S, Fasulo G, d'Arminio Monforte A, Ammassari A;;; NIID L. Spallanzani, Roma, Italy
BACKGROUND. The exact impact of HAART on survival of patients with HIV-associated neurologic disorders and the role of predictive factors should be definitively clarified. METHODS. Multicenter cohort study on HIV-neurologic patients diagnosed in the HAART era (years 2000-2001). Data from clinical visits were collected
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6069)
Zulaika D, Aguirrebengoa K, Andia A, Arrizabalaga J, Bustillo JM, Camara MM, Corral JM, Goikoetxea J, Iribarren JA, Lopez de Munain J, Lorenzo JM, Gudino MJ, Martinez E, Mayo J, Portu J, Rodriguez Arrondo FJ, Silvarino R, Zubero Z;;; Osakidetza - Basque Health Service, Pais Vasco, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of people diagnosed with HIV in the past five years with people diagnosed with AIDS in the Basque Country from the onset of the epidemic in order to determine what changes have taken place. METHODS: We have analysed data on patients diagnosed with HIV for the first time between
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6070)
Masupu K, Gaolekwe S, Jimbo W, Chipfakacha V, Bussman H, Wester W, Peter T, Iluma R, Roels TH;;; National AIDS Coordinating Agency (NACA), Gaborone, Botswana
BACKGROUND: Botswana has conducted annual national HIV sentinel surveillance among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics since 1992. Of the 22 health districts in Botswana, only Gaborone and Francistown have participated yearly, the others did on an alternate basis. METHODS: In 2001, the survey started on July 1,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6071)
Sankaranarayanan S, Samani PH, Gogate AS;;; MDACS, Mumbai, India
BACKGROUND: It is critical to recognize the number of people living with HIV in order to plan the preventive strategies. Since mandatory and indiscriminate testing of HIV may lead to lots of adverse effects, Sentinel surveillance of HIV is considered to be an authentic source of information. Mumbai, a city with a popul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6072)
Qu S, Sun X, Zheng X, Shen J;;; National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: To monitor the trend of HIV infection and relative risk factors in China in order to provide information for AIDS prevention programs. METHODS: Since 1995, a repeated cross-sectional survey has been conducted in China in five target populations, STI clinic attendees, prostitutes, drug users, long distance t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6073)
Gallego O, Corral A, de Mendoza C, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V;;; Services of Infectious Diseases.Hospital Carlos III.Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: The knowledge of the most prevalent drug-resistant genotypes in a community may be helpful for choosing the best treatment options. METHODS: Genotypic testing was performed in plasma samples collected from 309 HIV+ prisoners (127 naive and 182 pre-treated subjects). In order to compare the prevalence of dru
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6074)
Russell TV, Do A, Sullivan P;;; CDC/NCHSTP/DHAP-SE/Surv., Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: In early 2001, the first two cases of locally acquired HIV infection were diagnosed on remote islands (population approximately 1,850) in Micronesia . CDC assisted with a behavioral survey and HIV voluntary counseling and testing. METHODS: During our first visit to the islands, consenting volunteers were su
Background and objectives: In Mbouda, practitioners have been reporting an increase in the number of AIDS cases in the two main hospitals of the town. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women and to describe the characteristics associated with HIV infection in this popul
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6077)
Pokrovskiy VV, Ladnaya NN, Sokolova EV;;; Russian Federal AIDS Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
BACKGROUND: Present significant increase of the HIV prevalence in many regions of Russia and other Eastern European countries is conditioned by HIV spreading in populations of intravenous drug users (IVDU). Our objective was to analyse the changes of HIV transmission modes in order to predict further trends of the epid
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6078)
Gilbart VL, Sinka K, Evans BG;;; PHLS HIV Reporting Centre at CDSC, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Late diagnosis in E, W & NI is mainly seen in black African heterosexuals. There are, however, a small group of mainly UK nationals who have a very low risk, are not aware of partners risks, or do not acknowledge their risk for HIV who are also diagnosed late and so deprived of early treatment. HIV diag
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6079)
Schwarcz S, Kellogg TA, McFarland WC, Louie B, Klausner J, Withum DG, Katz MH;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: For prevention programs to be effective, localities must have adequate information on where new HIV infections are occurring. The serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS) characterizes HIV-infected persons as having recent (
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6080)
Bhuyan KK, Miils SJ, Dharmaraj D, Panda B, Kalra IP;;; Family health International, New Delhi, India
Backgrounds: To compare the prevalence of STIs/HIV and their behavioral correlates in long distance truck drivers (male truckers) from three regions of India . METHODS: STI/HIV prevalence surveys were implemented among male truckers in West Bengal, East India (N=335); Andhra Pradesh, South India (N=375), and Haryana, N
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6081)
Ostrovski DV;;; NGO Vozvrastcheniye (Return), St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
The main risk factor of getting of HIV-infection in St. Petersburg is injecting drugs: 96,8% among all cases. In 1999 and in 2000 NGO Vozvrastcheniye in collaboration with Northwest district AIDS Center of Russian Ministry of Health conducted HIV prevalence study among IDUs using method of the anonymous untied testing
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6082)
Navas-Nacher EL, Leighty R, Read JS, Tuomala R, Zorrilla C, Rosenblatt H, Landesman S, Brown G, Matzen E, Hershow RC;;; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: Scheduled cesarean section (SCS) before labor and ruptured membranes is associated with a decreased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We analyzed the relationship between mode of delivery [SCS, nonscheduled cesarean section (NSCS), and vaginal (V)] and postpartum HIV-1 disease progression among
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6083)
Lemos KR, Valente JG;;; Rio de Janeiro State Health Departament, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Studies have been performed in various countries to evaluate the quality and degree of coverage of the Epidemiological Surveillance System. An important indicator of flaws in the Epidemiological Surveillance System is the proportion of deaths from AIDS not registered previously as cases of the disease. METH
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6084)
Lemos KR, Sole-Pla MA;;; Health Department of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Morbidity and Mortality data show that AIDS has been affecting mostly young adults in Rio de Janeiro. A relevant indicator of premature mortality can be the Loss of potential years of life (PYLL). METHODS: Premature mortality was estimated from PYLL of 1-70 year old persons. Investigated causes of death wer
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6085)
Gerber AR, White CM, Banks RH, Prybylski D, Picken A, Arx EV, Weinberg SM;;; Peace Corps, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: To accomplish its mission of grassroots, person-to-person international development, combined with cross-cultural exchange, approximately 6,500 PCVs a year live and work in 80 countries worldwide (including Africa, Latin America, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Pacific Islands). All PCVs receive HIV coun
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6086)
Cliffe S, Newell ML, Cortina-Borja M, Nicoll A;;; Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To explore differential HIV and fertility patterns amongst sub-groups of women (born in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) and Rest) to improve estimates of HIV infection among the general population in Great Britain using neonatal seroprevalence data. METHODS: HIV risk was estimated usin
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6087)
Somi GR, Swai RO;;; NACP Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: In order to monitor the prevalence of HIV infection and to provide HIV/AIDS and STI data, sentinel surveillance was established in 1990. In response to increased data needs from resource-limited settings and to prepare for second generation surveillance, the National AIDS Control Programme modified sentinel
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6088)
Loscos JI, Rubio CS, Zapater TT, Gas JT, Ibanez JB, Salillas AF, Garcia EF, Padilla CA, Quintero RM;;; AIDS Information and Prevention Centre (CIPS) - Direccion general de Salud Publica, Valencia, Spain
BACKGROUND: Despite the fall in the number of new AIDS patients in recent years, there is uncertainty about the real evolution of new HIV-infections. METHODS: Hypothesis: the prevalence of HIV-infections has increased between the years 1999 and 2000 in the patients that attended the 3 CIPS of the Valencia Community fir
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6089)
Moreno C, Martinez Artola V, Fernandez C, Urtiaga M, Sobrino P, Castilla J;;; Instituto de Salud Publica, Pamplona, Spain
BACKGROUND: HIV reporting systems provide information about the changes in HIV transmission patterns earlier than AIDS case registers. We analysed time elapsed between epidemiological findings detected by an HIV reporting system and their manifestation in AIDS case statistics. METHODS: Navarra (Spanish region of a half
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6090)
Bastos FI, Derrico M, Veloso VG, Nielsen K, Morgado MG, Pilotto JH, Joao E, Grinsztejn B, Kreichtmann R, Fonseca R, Riegel B, Busch B, Bryson Y;;; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The South (SO) and southeastern (SE) regions of Brazil have demonstrated different profiles of the HIV epidemic since the mid-1990s. While the epidemic has reached a plateau in SE metropolitan cities, it has been escalating in the SO. Disadvantaged women and/or those injecting drugs have been particularly a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6091)
Costa AJ, Vermelho LL;;; NESC - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background Sexual transmission pattern has changed in Brazil during 90`s. While the number of female aids cases increased the impact of perinatal infection attained the general population and specially an unprepared national and local health sector. Objective To describe the general profile and trends of the aids femal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6092)
Martinez N, Blanco M, az HM, Lubian AL, Medina A, Romay D;;; LISIDA, La Habana, Cuba
BACKGROUND: Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) is a rapid and cost-effective method for subtyping HIV-1 strains compared to sequencing. As viral sequences continue to diverge and new geographic regions are sampled the failure of primers has been reported for the application of this technique to the env gene. METHODS: A
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6093)
Domingues CS, Rodrigues NM, Tancredi MV, Brito EM, Kalichman AO, Santos NJ;;; STD/AIDS Training and Referral Center/SES-SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Due to the growth of the AIDS epidemic in the State of Sao Paulo, the STD/AIDS State Program Disease Surveillance implemented an Information System of HIV seropositive asymptomatics (SIHIV) in 1994, to analyze trends and orient program action in regard to assistance and prevention, as only AIDS case are rep
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6094)
Sierra M, Paredes C, Soto J, Fernandez J, Hernandez R, Pinel R, Branson B;;; Universidad Nacional, Tegucigalpa, M.D.C., Honduras
BACKGROUND: As part of the strategies to map the HIV epidemic developed by the Surveillance and Research Unit of the National AIDS/STI/TB programme, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1998-1999 that included pregnant women in antenatal care (PWAC) attending public clinics in urban an rural areas, and social secur
BACKGROUND: Few countries do regular general population surveys to monitor the HIV epidemic. Sentinel surveillance among pregnant women is the most common used alternative. We compared HIV prevalence and demographic factors of surveillance participants (pregnant women) with female VCT clients to assess whether VCT data
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6096)
Noya PA, Nhatave IA, Tojais H, Stakteas S, Foreit K, Vergara AE, Barreto A;;; Department of Epidemiology and Endemic Disease, Ministry of Health, Mozambique, Maputo city, Mozambique
BACKGROUND: Previous to 2000, Mozambique had only four sentinel sites (SS). None were located in the northern region, nor in rural areas. Realizing these shortcomings, in 2000, the Ministry of Health decided to increase the number of sites to 22 and distribute them across all eleven provinces in both rural and urban ar
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6097)
Ndoye PM, Gueye-Gaye A, Gueye-Ndiaye A, Toure-Kane NC, Gaye-Diallo A, Ndoye I, Mboup S;;; Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Dakar, Senegal
BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the course of the HIV epidemics in four urban areas Senegal . The prevalence of HIV1 and HIV2 has been evaluated through the National HIV Sentinel Surveillance Program since 1989. METHODS: The HIV sentinel surveillance program includes regional laboratories collecting sera in sentinel
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6098)
Macdonald ND, Mortimer JY, Fenton KA;;; PHLS HIV Reporting Centre at CDSC, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Surveillance of new diagnoses of HIV infections in the United Kingdom (UK) has recently been enhanced by the introduction of HIV reporting from Clinicians, who have been asked to report all adults diagnosed since January 2000. Prior to this, surveillance of new diagnoses has been through laboratory reports,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6099)
Belda Ibanez J, Garcia EF, Quintero RM, Gas JT, Molina MG, Alonso R;;; CIPS (Centro de Informacion y Prevencion del SIDA), Plaza de Espana 6, Alicante, Spain
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to know the HIV-related risk practices which tell the users with 60 or more years, and their relation with the prevalence of the HIV infection. METHODS: Descriptive study of the users who attended for the first time the CIPS of Alicante from 1987 to 2001 and are 60 years old or mor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6100)
Jayaraman GC, Preiksaitis J, Larke B;;; Health Canada, Calgary, Canada
BACKGROUND: HIV became reportable in the province of Alberta, Canada on May 1, 1998. Routine prenatal screening for HIV began on September 1, 1998. We assessed whether fears that HIV reporting would deter people from testing were reflected in the actual number of HIV screenings performed and to evaluate the impact of t
BACKGROUND: Demographic and risk information is often routinely collected as part of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and could provide important surveillance data at little to no cost. We analyzed trends in HIV prevalence and estimated incidence among VCT clients in Uganda . METHODS: Data from clients tested bet
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6102)
Manda SO;;; University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
BACKGROUND: In Malawi , the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) annually undertakes a HIV sero-surveillance of women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in selected sites across the country. Combining such data to provide accurate estimates of the HIV prevalence rates in the country is a challenging problem. In this p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6103)
Xueref S, Holianjavony J, Daniel R, Capart H, Trabaud MA, Vanhems P;;; Laboratoire d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, Domaine Rockefeller, Lyon, France
BACKGROUND: Madagascar has a low prevalence of HIV infection in the general population (0.15%). Regional data concerning STI are lacking. Objectives were to assess in the Southwest capital Toliary: seroprevalences of HIV, syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6104)
Dilraj A, Karim SS, Pillay S;;; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The South African government conducts annual HIV seroprevalence surveys among pregnant women to monitor the HIV epidemic. As only public sector health facilities are sampled, there is under-representation of groups other than black. Antenatal data published in the scientific literature and quoted by the med
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6105)
Geduld J, Romaguera A, Esteve A, Folch C, Archibald CP, Casabona J;;; Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
BACKGROUND: To examine characteristics of individuals diagnosed with AIDS in Catalonia, Spain , and in Canada whose first HIV diagnosis was within the preceding year. Although both regions have universal, free access to health care and HIV testing/counseling, their HIV epidemics are quite different with respect to the
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6106)
Padgett D, Sierra M, Meza R, MedicosServicioSocial MS;;; Undad de Investigacion Cientifica, UNAH, Tegucigalpa, MDC, Honduras
BACKGROUND: Honduras is one of the countries with the highest AIDS cumulative incidence in the continent. AIDS cases has been reported from all 18 departamentos and all 256 municipalities. With nearly 7 million population the country is classified as a severely indebted, low-income, and primary agriculture product expo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6107)
Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez CJ, Magis-Rodriguez C;;; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
BACKGROUND: Chiapas state in Mexico is considered as undeveloped according to The National Council for the Population. However, an internal evaluation reveals that heterogeneity exists in the levels of municipalities development. The hypothesis of this study is that most HIV/AIDS cases in Chiapas come from the more dev
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6108)
Suarez-Ognio LA, Manrique-Chicoma H, Pun-Chinarro MM;;; MInistry of Health, Epidemiology Office, Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of the measures of prevention and control of STI/HIV/AIDS depend on an appropriate local knowledge of the epidemic, we carried out an analysis of several investigations done in Peru with the purpose of establishing the national politics for the control of STI/HIV/AIDS. METHODS: This model
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6109)
Cornelio CI, Belzum S, Caposiello C, Meraldi N;;; Hospital Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Seroprevalence of HIV in antenatal screening is used to plan activities and to allocate resources. OBJECTIVES: To describe time trends in prevalence of HIV-1 seropositivity in pregnant women in the city of Buenos Aires (BA) and to recognize the population s sociodemographic profile. METHODS: Antenatal-hospi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6110)
Jerajani HR, Setia M, Dhurat R, Teltumde S, Mamidwar S;;; LTM Medical college and LTMG Hospital, Mumbai, India
Objectives All the patients that had clinical indicators for HIV were evaluated at the department from June 1998 through June 2001. Methodology A detailed history, thorough clinical examination and necessary investigations were done and accordingly the patients were categorized in groups based on their presentations. T
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6111)
Kutsar KK;;; Health Protection Inspectorate, Tallinn, Estonia
BACKGROUND: In 1988-1999 the notified HIV infection incidence rates were low and stable in Estonia , ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. HIV was spreading equally through homosexual (38.2%) and heterosexual (33.7%) contacts and there were no cases in pregnant women and infants. METHODS: HIV surveillance is focused on collecting p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6112)
Caro AM, Noguer I, Garcia Saiz A, Castilla J; Plan Nacional sobre el Sida, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Seroprevalence of HIV in newborns reflects their mothers serostatus, and is a good indicator of HIV prevalence in women of reproductive age, being a source of information about potential cases of perinatal transmission of HIV. The evolution of HIV prevalence in mothers of Spanish newborns between 1996 and 2
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6113)
Samson LM, Major C, Cleghorn G, Robinson G, Major J, Wu K, Remis R, Read S;;; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
BACKGROUND: A provincially regulated HIV viral load testing program was started in 1997 and the Ontario HIV Viral Load Database (OHVLD) was created to record each viral load test performed in the Province. A thorough understanding of the reliability and validity of the information in the OHVLD is crucial if subsequent
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6114)
Sateren WB, Renzullo PO, Milazzo MJ, McNeil JG;;; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: Between 1985 and 2000, over 5.34 million individuals applied to join a branch of the U.S. military. All were tested for infection with HIV. Applicants are predominantly male, young, racially/ethnically diverse and apply from all areas of the United States . METHODS: Applicant information included: test year
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6115)
Memon MA, Ghauri AK, Shah SA;;; Sindh AIDS Control Program, Karachi, Pakistan
BACKGROUND: Pakistan is considered a high risk / low prevalence country, due to low number of reported cases (1751 by December 2000) and high prevalence of risk factors. Sindh, the second most populated province has reported maximum number of HIV/AIDS cases in the country, 499 out of 1751. METHODS: Records of HIV/AIDS
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6116)
Macauley IB, Mosoko JJ, Musi SS, Eyong C, Lobe MM, Mbanya D, Koulla SS;;; National AIDS Control Committee, Yaounde, Cameroon
BACKGROUND: In Cameroon , since 1989, data from antenatal clinics have been most commonly used to estimate and monitor trends in the prevalence of HIV-1. Before 2000 regular sentinel surveillance sites were located in six main urban cities in 6 out of the 10 provinces in the country . In 2000, a national serosurvey was
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6117)
Shastri JS, Thanekar JG, Keskar S, Karande A;;; Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Mumbai, India
ISSUES: Women and children are bearing the brunt of the HIV pandemic. Half of new HIV infections are among women and 90 percent of HIV infected women live in developing countries. 84% of infected women are in the reproductive age group. Trends of HIV infection among women are indicators of the incidence of HIV infectio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6118)
Porta D, Luca AD, Carboni A, Forastiere F, Perucci CA;;; Department of Epidemiology, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: After the changes in the natural history of HIV infection due to the introduction of new combination therapies (HART), HIV surveillance systems are much more important to describe HIV epidemic. We describe the trend of new diagnoses of HIV and the changing patterns of HIV transmission in Lazio,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6119)
Smolskaia T, Tretiakova V, Ostrovsky D, Suvorova S, Ogurtcova S;;; Saint Petersburg Pasteur Insitute, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Backgroud: To study HIV prevalence among IDU s by using sentinel surveillance techniques in St. Petersburg methods. METHODS: The sentinel group included intravenous drug users participated in the IDU s Help Bus of outreach programme including syringe exchange. The project involved unlinked anonymous testing of residual
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6120)
Sobrino P, Amo JD, Castilla J;;; Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: Until the year 2000, only 2.5% of the AIDS cases diagnosed in Spain had were persons of foreign origin, but there is not information on current HIV infections. We describe exposure categories and HIV prevalence among subjects voluntarily tested in Spain by country of origin. METHODS: HIV prevalence and expo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6121)
Perez de la Paz J, Barrasa A, Romero JD, Castilla J;;; Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Madrid, Spain
OBJECTIVE: To analyse recent changes in HIV seroprevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) voluntarily tested in Spain . METHODS: We studied 9383 MSM who voluntarily had a test done in 10 sexually transmitted disease and HIV clinics in 9 Spanish towns between 1992 and 2000. Only patients who attended each clinic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6122)
Stanekova D, Wimmerova S, Habekova M, Mayer V, Ginter E, Kudlaekova M, Truska P;;; ICPM, Bratislava, Slovakia
OBJECTIVES: From 1986 to April 2001 135 HIV-positive cases were registered in Slovakia , from them 93 were Slovaks and 42 foreigners. Just one HIV-positive case was found in the group of gypsies. Bad economical and social situation as well as low level of education and high level of unemployment makes this group of peo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6123)
Bordelon K, Kim A, McFarland W, Kellogg T, Kent C, Louie B, Goldenson J, Sabin K;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Data on HIV prevalence, incidence and related risk behavior are needed to guide prevention and care programs. Injection drug users (IDU) are a hard-to-reach population for HIV surveillance, particularly IDU not in drug treatment who may be at highest risk. Because arrest is common among actively injecting I
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6124)
Kruglov Y, Andrushchak L, Shcherbinskaya A, Khodakevich L;;; National AIDS Centre, Kiev, Ukraine
ISSUE: In Ukraine , starting from 1987, official registration of HIV cases as well as sero-epidemiological monitoring is being conducted through detection of HIV prevalence among certain groups of population. Main drawbacks of such monitoring are the following: limited opportunity of conducting researches in hard-to-re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6125)
Cortes-Martins H, Rodrigues L, Rocha MA, Sobral R, Almeida C, Padua E, Coutinho R, Leitao E, Silva R, Paixao MT;;; NIH - AIDS Reference Laboratory, Lisbon, Portugal
BACKGROUND: Portugal is the Western European country with the highest and rising incidence of AIDS cases and since 1994 drug addition is the main risk behaviour associated with AIDS and HIV infection reported cases. A dramatic rise in HCV infection cases associated with drug abuse has also been described.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6126)
Lankenau SE, Clatts MC;;; Columbia University, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Ketamine, a conger of phencyclidine ( PCP ), is an emerging drug of abuse among high risk youth. The limited existing data on ketamine - often described as a club drug - presumes non-injected modes of administration, and HIV risk has been assessed in relation to increased for sexual transmission.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6127)
Nakashima AK, Campsmith ML, Nakamura GV;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that the number of persons with HIV/AIDS who pass through the criminal justice system is high. We estimated the prevalence of incarceration in an HIV-infected population through surveillance activities. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional interviews from HIV/AIDS cases (aged >/=18 yr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6128)
Lupase VT;;; Davao Medical School Foundation, Davao, Philippines
BACKGROUND: To monitor behaviors of high risk groups (HRGs) covered in the DOH-initiated HIV Serologic Sentinel Surveillance (HSS), a five-year Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance (BSS) was conducted in Davao City last 1997-2001. METHODS: Repeated yearly surveys were conducted among 480 Registered Female Sex Workers (RFSW
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6129)
Saidel TJ, Pisani E, Tuan NA, Hoang TV, Tuladhar SM, Rahman H;;; Family Health International, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Surveillance of risk behaviors enables planners of HIV prevention and care initiatives to quantify service provision needs, and contributes to evaluating the success of those services by tracking changes in risk behavior over time. The objective of this paper is to review the challenges associated with meas
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6130)
Kim A, McFarland W, Kent C, Kohn R, Snell A, Goldenson J, Bordelon K, Sabin K;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, HIV Seroepidemiology Unit, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Monitoring HIV incidence, prevalence, and related risk behavior is essential for guiding prevention and care programs. However, sex workers (SWs) are a hard-to-reach population for surveillance and epidemiological studies. One strategy to assess the HIV epidemic among SWs is to measure HIV infection and ris
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6131)
Fajardo JM, Suarez-Lozano I, Romero-Jimenez MJ, Chacon JA, Benavente A, Menchero A, Pizarro AC, Jimenez Munoz M;;; Infectious Unit. Infanta Elena Hospital, Huelva, Spain
BACKGROUND: The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the prognosis of HIV infected patients, reducing mortality rate and frequency of OI. However, the impact in the frequency of hospitalization in the penitentiary population is not well known. The objective of this study is to describe the cl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6132)
Ghee AE, Soto RJ, Padilla I, Alvarenga MA, Astete S, Hughes JP, Holmes KK;;; Center for AIDS and STD, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: To determine prevalence of HIV, T. pallidum, N. gonorroheae and C. trachomatis; and describe behavioral patterns related to HIV/STD prevalence in men having sex with men (MSM). METHODS: Between May-October 2001, a cross-sectional study was carried out in the two largest cities of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6133)
Soto RJ, Padilla IS, Ghee A, Astete S, Alvarenga MA, Hughes JP, Nunez CA, Holmes KK;;; PASCA / The Futures Group International, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of HIV, T. pallidum, bacterial vaginosis, T. vaginalis, N. gonorroheae, and C. trachomatis; and to describe behavioral patterns related to HIV/STD prevalence in female sex workers (FSW). METHODS: Between May-October 2001, a cross-sectional study was carried out in four cities in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6134)
Alduvin E, Soto RJ, Ghee AE, Alvarenga MA, Nunez CA, Holmes KK;;; National Autonomous University of Honduras, Master of Public Health Program, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
BACKGROUND: An understanding of sexuality of vulnerable groups like men having sex with men (MSM) is seen as complementary to quantitative epidemiological surveillance. Study objectives were to identify: MSM partner recruitment strategies and their relationship to prevention methods including condom use; and beliefs re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6135)
Alduvin E, Soto RJ, Ghee AE, Alvarenga MA, Nunez CA, Holmes KK;;; National Autonomous University of Honduras, Master of Public Health Program, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
BACKGROUND: An understanding of the sexuality of vulnerable groups like female sex workers (FSW) is seen as complementary to quantitative epidemiological surveillance. Study objectives were to identify: FSW male partner recruitment and their relationship to prevention methods including condom use; and beliefs related t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6136)
Riley ED, Perry S, Bangsberg DR, Guzman D, Clark RA, Charlebois E, Moss AR;;; University of California, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: We compared characteristics of HIV-infected homeless and marginally housed (HMH) individuals who did and did not receive HAART among those eligible. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2001, HIV-specific questions regarding sociodemographics, housing, health care, and medication were asked among a population-based co
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6137)
Laar van de MJ, Beuker RJ;;; RIVM Dept Inf Dis Epi, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Background - IDUs are a major risk group for infection with HIV. Injecting and sexual risk behaviour may lead to further spread of HIV among IDUs and to the general population. In the Netherlands , repeated surveys among IDUs were conducted to determine the prevalence of HIV-infection and the level of risk behaviour in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6138)
Laar van de MJ, Op de Coul EL, Beuker RJ;;; RIVM- dept Inf Dis Epi, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Background - In many countries, voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) is used as a major form of HIV prevention among injecting drug users (IDUs). However, in the literature, the impact of VCT on risk behaviour is controversial. In this study, the association between self-reported HIV serostatus, actual HIV statu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6139)
Macalino GE, Rich JD, Sanford-Colby S, Salas CM, Vlahov D;;; Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
BACKGROUND: Prisons represent an important setting to study HIV, HBV and HCV. We sought to determine the intake prevalence and incidence potentially due to intraprison risk behavior in the Department of Corrections. METHODS: Discarded intake blood on 5053 individuals (87.5% male; 59.0% white, 24.9% black, 14.8% Hispani
BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to blood can lead to transmission of HIV, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the health care setting. In order to provide easy and rapid access to Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP), we organized a multidisciplinary approach to guarantee health care workers (HCW) a 24
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6141)
Lot F, Larsen C, Basselier B, Laporte A;;; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
BACKGROUND: Since 1995, the French Ministry of Health has recommended using antiretroviral drugs as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) following occupational exposures to HIV in health care workers (HCW). In 1998, non-occupational exposures to HIV were included in these guidelines and use of a 3-drug regimen was recommend
BACKGROUND: HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended for occupational exposure and considered after nonoccupational exposure to HIV. METHODS: To monitor PEP, a National Registry was instituted by the Italian Ministry of Health. RESULTS: From Jan 1997 to Dec 2001, 903 (67%) occupational exposures in healthcare
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6143)
Larsen C, Lot F, Basselier B, Laporte A;;; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
BACKGROUND: In 1998, French recommendations for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in occupational exposures were extended to include non-occupational exposures: sexual (SE), injecting-drug-use (IDU) and other non-occupational (OE) (e.g. injuries with discarded syringe, human bites). Use of a 3-drug combination was recomm
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6144)
Oliva SM, Maranzana A, Ortega G, Redini L, Garone D, Carlevaro R, Thwaites A, Galache V, Benetucci JA;;; FUNDAI - GADIS - Hospital de Infecciosas F J Muniz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: To describe the characteristics of PEP in persons with sexual assault. METHODS: Retrospective study from October 1998 to August 2001. Baseline, 4th, 12th and 24th weeks were carried out through EIA (Enzyme Immune Linked Assay). Standard questionnaire was used. RESULTS: From 165 exposures to HIV, 43 were sex
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6146)
Almeda J, Simon BG, Casabona J, Rey D, Allepuz A, Puro V, Gerard M, Bernasconi E, Bergin C, Evans B, Lazanas M, Marcus U, Mota Miranda A, Smith E, Tomazic J, Van Den Hoek A, Vetter N;;; CEESCAT, Hospital Universitai Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
BACKGROUND: The use of the Occupational Post Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV is admitted, and its guidelines exist in most of the European countries. There are few NONOPEP guidelines and it is used but controversial. Our objective was to describe the attitude, knowledge and practice of physicians, regarding the NONOPEP in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6147)
Jenwitheesuk E, Watitpun C, Pongthanapisith V, Vibhagool A, Sungkanuparph S, Chantratita W;;; Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
BACKGROUND: HIV-1 polymerase (pol) gene sequencing is now widely used to identify mutations associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase (RT) or protease (PR) inhibitors. These sequences may also provide other information, such as the HIV-1 subtype. METHODS: The RT and PR genes of 88 samples collected in the yea
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6148)
Hulse SE, Ballesteros S, Bleichner KM;;; University of California Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento,CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Ritonavir (RTV) is commonly added to a regimen to boost the blood levels and to reduce the dosage of other protease inhibitors (PIs) used in combination anti-retroviral therapies. RTV containing regimens were more likely to be associated with increased cholesterol and triglyce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6149)
Duque V, Carvalho A, Rabadao E, Oliveira J, Saraiva-da-Cunha J, Melico-Silvestre A;;; Laboratorio de Virologia/Departamento de Doencas Infecciosas/Hospitais da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal
BACKGROUND: Genetic variability is a central feature of HIV-1. The high frequency of mutations during HIV-1 replication leads to the development of viral quasi-species in vivo and contributes to genetic heterogeneity among HIV-1 isolates. Drug resistance patterns and subtypes are a manifestation of that variability. Pr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6150)
Rodrigues R, Custodio RM, Jamal L, Eira M, Duarte AJ, Gianna MC, Brigido LF;;; Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Sao Paulo State has the largest number of patients using antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Brazil , with over 40,000 individuals receiving free medication. Albeit mortality and morbidity has fallen significantly in the last years, many patients present virologic rebound. We describe here adult patients referr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6151)
Gaburo N, Brigido LF, Casseb J, Rodrigues R, Alcaide R, Gonsalez CR, Duarte AJ;;; Sao PAulo University- FMUSP - LIM56, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Appearance of codon mutations, which confer in vitro and in vivo drug resistance to antiretroviral therapy, is a public and clinic healthy problem. We studied here all accessible patients followed at a public university clinic at the city of Sao Paulo to determine HIV drug resistance pattern. METHODS: Sampl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6152)
Gboun M;;; NASCAP, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: Nigeria currently has its HIV epidemic in explosive phase. Surveillance of HIV infection among high-risk groups (PTB and STD) commenced in 1991, and was repeated in 1993, 1995 and in 2000. The survey results prior to 2000 among PTB patients showed 2.2% in 1991, 15.0% in 1995. Similarly STD patients showed t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6153)
Codere G, Goldberg D, Cameron S, Shaw L, Taylor A;;; The Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: In February 2001, Stephen Kelly, an 33-year old IDU who was infected with HIV during the Glenochil Prison outbreak in 1993, was convicted of reckless behaviour and transmitting HIV to Ann Craig , and given a 5-year prison sentence. In the aftermath, there was much concern among health care professionals tha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6154)
Basu U;;; Missionaries of the Word, Kolkata, India
ISSUES: HIV infection was first detected in India in 1986 thereafter exploding among commercial sex workers (CSW) and other high-risk groups. The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) indicated ~ 7 million HIV infections & 2 million full-blown AIDS cases at the beginning of the new millennium. In a city as dens
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6155)
Ngo H, McFarland W, Kellogg T, Secura G, Behel S, MacKellar D, Choi K;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: The background prevalence and rate of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco (USA) remains high. HIV counseling and testing is a means of slowing the spread of HIV by increasing the proportion of persons who know they are infected and counseling persons to reduce their risk
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6156)
Kenyon TA, Mwasalla VI, Molosiwa R, Mokomane M, Bussell K, Alwano MG;;; The BOTUSA Project/CDC, Gaborone, Botswana
BACKGROUND: In Botswana , the 2001 sentinel surveillance among pregnant women gave a HIV prevalence of 36.2%. As prevalence data and information on risk factors for HIV infection among the general population are missing, data from other large sub-populations might be useful. METHODS: From April 2000 through November 20
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6157)
Ameal F, Cahn R, Melicchio G, Ben G, Cahn P;;; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Study of VCT provides important information about the epidemic, and may serve for developing prevention strategies on a rational basis. METHODS: In a main AIDS reference center, between 01/01/91-31/07/01, 11440 HIV tests have been performed including pre and post test counseling. We studied: gender, age, ri
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6158)
Girardi E, Arici C, Aloisi MS, Serraino D, Delfanti F, Moioli MC, Ciardi M, Marco MD, Manzillo E, Ippolito G; INMI L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND. It has been suggested that a significant proportion of persons with HIV delay seeking medical care after testing HIV positive. Such condition may limit the possibility to obtain the maximum benefit from available therapies and the impact of prevention interventions. However, only limited data are available
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6159)
Canas E, Castano M, Jurado R, Vergara A, Merino MD, Collado A, Torres-Tortosa M, Suarez I, rez M, Nuno E, Marin J, Villar A;;; H.U. Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
BACKGROUND: To assesss the degree of knowledge of HIV seropositvity before AIDS diagnosis in the Andalusia (south of Spain ) during 1992-2000. METHODS: AIDS patients with known dates of HIV and AIDS diagnoses were selected from 12 cross-sectional surveys of adults with HIV infection attended in 23 public hospitals in 1
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6160)
Gouezel P, Laporte A, Lot F, Pillonel J;;; Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
BACKGROUND: Since the availability of HAART (1996) AIDS cases not aware of their HIV status are the majority of diagnosed cases. The objective of our study was to identify characteristics those people in order to better target screening programmes and access to care. METHODS: We analysed 22 042 AIDS cases reported to t
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6161)
Massari MV, Toubiana TL;;; INSERM, Paris, France
BACKGROUND: To study trends of voluntary HIV testing in French general population. METHODS: For 15 years, the general practitioners (GP) of the Sentinelles network which links a representative 1% sample of GP report each week any request for HIV testing of their subjects to a central computer by electronic mail. For ea
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6162)
Remis RS, Fearon M, Major C, Wallace E, Millson M, Calzavara L, Rea E, King S, Wu K, Vermeulen M, Whittingham E;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
BACKGROUND: Few HIV-infected pregnant women in Ontario received antiretroviral prophylaxis following the release of the ACTG 076 trial results in early 1994. Therefore, in January 1999, the Ontario Ministry of Health implemented a program to offer HIV screening to all pregnant women. We wished to examine the patterns o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6163)
Porche D, Swayzer R III;;; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS incidence rates continue to disproportionately impact the African American community. Within the African American community, the majority of HIV/AIDS cases are found among African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM). These rates indicate that AAMSM continue to engage in high risk behaviors.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6164)
Chen ZD, Wang X, Shi WD, Wang HF, Xu YH, Li JL, Li QY;;; Public Health and Anti-epidemic Station, Wuhan, China
BACKGROUND: In November 2000, Huangpi District, Wuhan City was selected to pilot the 100% Condom Use Programme in entertainment establishments (EEs) funded by WHO. OBJECTIVE: To understand STI-related KABP of EE-based sex workers (SWs) to provide information for development of effective ways of intervention and for eva
BACKGROUND: Data on trends in risk behavior can help to guide and monitor the impact of AIDS prevention programs. We conducted a survey of young men in poor neighborhoods of Kampala and compared their reported condom use to results of a similar survey eight years earlier. METHODS: Both studies were in low SES, peri-urb
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6166)
Laticevschi D, Leorda A, Soltan V;;; NGO Health Reforms in Prisons, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of
BACKGROUND: Inducing changes towards less risky patterns of attitude and behavior among inmates in prisons of Moldova was an important component of our, IHRD financed, project . OBJECTIVE: To measure the intensity of risky attitude and behavior in different prisons of Moldova. To evaluate the baseline knowledge of ge
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6167)
McGarrigle CA, Fenton KA, Mortimer JY, Rudd E, Evans BG;;; PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: Worldwide travel has increased in the past decade due, in part, to its increasing accessibility and affordability. In this paper, we examine the contribution of travel to the epidemiology of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS: Analysis of national surveillance
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6168)
van de Ven P, Crawford J, Rawstorne P, Nakamura T, Kippax S, Prestage G, Grulich A;;; The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: To examine trends in anal intercourse among gay and bisexual men in Australia . METHODS: Biannual cross-sectional surveys of gay men in Sydney (1996-2001; n=17026) and four-yearly national cross-sectional surveys of Australian gay and bisexual men (1992, 1996, 2000; n=2954). Sydney data were annualised. Pra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6169)
Schwartz U, Costigan A, Ngugi EN, Kimani J, Moses S, Price J, Plummer F;;; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Background and METHODS: The Strengthening STD/AIDS Control Project undertook two baseline surveys of 368 female sex workers (FSWs) and 817 male company workers in four community sites in Western Province, Kenya , prior to implementing a HIV prevention programme under the FHI/USAID-funded IMPACT Project. All participant
BACKGROUND: A confidential survey was administered to students from 9 to 11 grade, before starting an educational intervention, within the frame of a peer-education based project, conducted by Ministries of Health and Education. Survey results and analysis are presented here. METHODS: 20.840 surveys were administered i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6171)
Kann L, Grunbaum JA, Kinchen SA, Lowry R, Kolbe LJ;;; CDC, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: In the United States , half of all new cases of HIV infection are reported among adolescents. Sexual behaviors provide an important marker for the level of risk for HIV infection throughout the adolescent population. Thus, it is important to understand how HIV-related risk behaviors among adolescents change
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6172)
Chemtob D, Damelin B, Bessudo-Manor N, Hassman R, Amikam Y, Tamir D;;; Department of Tuberculosis &AIDS, Public Health Services (PHS), Ministry of Health (MOH), Jerusalem, Israel
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to establish a KABP database on AIDS and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI s), in order to identify the central messages for future AIDS public campaigns and allow subsequent monitoring of trends. METHODS: A national sample of 800 individuals, aged 18-45, was interviewed tel
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6173)
Morris L, Mazive E, Prata N, Vergara A, Badiani R, Honwana A, Balate A;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: Although estimates show an increasing prevalence of HIV in Mozambique , with about half of new infections among young adults aged 15-24, policy makers and program officials do not have adequate population based data for this age group to develop program and evaluation strategies. METHODS: To obtain data on
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6174)
Holtzman D, Hsia J, Rubinson RB, Zhang S, Bao FY, Mo L, Chen S;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Although official estimates of AIDS cases in China are relatively low, over 600,000 persons were thought to be infected with HIV by the end of 2000. To better understand AIDS in China, the State Family Planning Commission conducted the first general population survey of residents in 7 counties, to assess kn
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6175)
Yumo HA, Ndembi N, Jun D, Kaptue NL;;; Department of Immunology and Haematology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
BACKGROUND: Although the Pygmy minority tribe still live in isolation from other tribes, it also presents HIV/AIDS risk factors as sexual intercourse with neighboring Bantus, permanent contacts with monkeys, some species of which have been suggested acting as HIV reservoir. This study was to value the awarness of these
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6176)
Kozal M, Amico R, Chiarella J, Fisher J, Cornman D, Fisher W, Friedland G;;; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, United States
BACKGROUND: Rates of ART RM have increased in new HIV infections. Pts in clinical care receiving ART and engaging in risk behaviors are the likely source of new ART RM. Little is known about the prevalence or predictors of ART RM in this population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of ART RM in HIV+ pts in clinic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6177)
Tatsunami S, Hayashi M, Kuwabara R;;; Radioisotope Research Institute, St. Marianna Univ. School of Med., Kawasaki, Japan
BACKGROUND: The term patronized sexual relationship (PSR) applies to adult men enticing young girls to perform sexual intercourse by offering them money or goods. The difference between commercial prostitution and PSR is that in the latter the girls are not professionals but usually high school students. Widespread occ
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6178)
Panda B;;; Bhoruka Public Welfare Trust, Kolkata, India
BACKGROUND: As a part of the impact assessment project to review the impact of the ongoing AIDS prevention and control programs in Eastern India , Bhoruka Public Welfare Trust conducted an STI/HIV prevalence survey among the long distance inter-city truck drivers and helpers (truckers) of Calcutta Port Trust area, with
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6179)
Hart GJ, Williamson LM, Redman CA, Thow CJ, Winter AJ;;; MRC Social &Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: As part of the evaluation of the Gay Men s Task Force, a peer education sexual health intervention in Glasgow, we tested the appropriateness of our strategy by combining three data sets: a sexual behaviour survey, clinic attendance and incident infection. The aim was to validate the policy of targeting bars
Background/OBJECTIVE: The major mode of HIV transmission in Thailand is heterosexual, where non-commercial sex women generally acquire HIV infection from their husbands. HIV epidemic is different among the four regions of Thailand, i.e, North, Northeast, South and Central. The baseline data obtained from the study Hor
BACKGROUND: Since 1987, in the framework of the evaluation of Swiss HIV/Aids strategy, repeated national surveys on HIV related behaviours have been regularly conducted among the general population, men having sex with other men (MSMs), and i/v drug users (IDUs) (from 1993). METHODS: a) CATI representative survey of th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6182)
Tayra A, Romera S, Santos NJ, Ruiz EA, Guibu IA, Jamal LF, Domingues CS;;; STD/AIDS Trainning and Referral Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Aids has always mainly affected young adults. In recent years, however, questions have been raised as to the possibility of Aids affecting more youngsters. METHODS: 101,503 Aids cases diagnosed between 1980 and 1998 in the State of Sao Paulo- Brazil were studied. Incidence rates by age, gender and major exp
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6183)
Lansky A, Fleming PL, Holtzman D, Frey RL;;; CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND. General population surveys complement behavioral surveillance targeted to high risk groups to inform for HIV prevention activities. With low prevalence of risk among the U.S. general population, these surveys also are important for monitoring HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. METHODS: We analyz
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6184)
Yuan V, Hardee K, Manchester T;;; Horizon Research Group, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: China has conservatively estimated 800,000 people infected with HIV. Contaminated blood, unsafe injections, drug use, sex work and migration are considered principal transmission avenues, but little quantitative behavioral information exists on at-risk groups, including sex workers/clients. Prevention and c
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6185)
Sateren WB, Renzullo PO, Mason C, Wasunna M, Robb M, Langat L, Elson L;;; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: The HIV pandemic in Africa requires a range of interventions. One such intervention is a preventive vaccine. In order to test these in phase III trials, the epidemiology of the epidemic must be established in potential trial sites. A pilot cross-sectional seroprevalence survey was conducted in an agricultur
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6186)
Sykes DL, Truax SR, Rasmussen H;;; California Office of AIDS, Sacramento, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: The proliferation of behavioral surveillance in HIV prevention has resulted in an abundance of data about HIV risk behaviors. The resulting challenge is to compile the data in a meaningful and informative way. This presentation delineates a method of devising a risk index based on behaviors of survey partic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6187)
Koonlertkit S, Chandrawongse W, Lumbiganon P, Winiyakul N, Phandhu-fung S, Yanunto S, Krisanapan O, Celentano DD, Morrison CS;;; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Few data exist on male condom use in non-commercial sex in Thailand , though many claim that condom use for HIV/ STD prevention among Thai couples is low. Using the baseline data from the NIH study Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of HIV Acquisition , we determined the prevalence of condom use to prevent
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6188)
Sinchai W, Roibang K, Sirirojn B, Sriplienchan S, Huansuriya R, Buranapanitkit K, Rugpao S, Celentano DD, Morrison CS;;; Health Promotion Center, Region 6, Khon Kaen, Thailand
BACKGROUND: The major mode of HIV transmission in Thailand is heterosexual, where women not engaging in sex work acquire HIV infection from their husbands. The HIV epidemic differs among the four regions ( North, Northeast, South and Central). We used baseline data from the Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of HIV Ac
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6189)
Hawken MP, Melis RD, Ngombo DT, Mandaliya K, Nganga LW, Price J, Dallabetta G, Temmerman M;;; International Centre For Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Mombasa, Kenya
BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic continues to spread and Sub-Saharan Africa bears the greatest burden of disease. HIV rates in Kenya are some of the highest in the region. STIs are a major facilitating factor. Setting: Mombasa, Kenya. OBJECTIVES: To provide baseline data for STI/ HIV prevention interventions by studying se
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6190)
Freier K, Babikian T, Hopkins GL, Lang D, Richardson L, DiClemente R;;; Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, United States
Background-The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Caribbean with 360,000 cases is second only to sub-Saharan Africa. Youth are especially at risk since more than half of all new infections worldwide occur in the 15-24 age range. Methods-This study utilized a psychosocial model to examine the behavioral determinants of HIV risk a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6191)
Perez K, Rodes A, Merono M, Casabona J;;; Centre for Epidemiological Studies on AIDS of Catalonia -- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona, Spain
BACKGROUND: Catalonia, a Spanish autonomous region with 6 million inhabitants, had in 2000 an AIDS incidence rate of 81.8 per 106. In 1993 behavioural monitoring of intravenous drug users (IDUs) was introduced as part of its integrated HIV/AIDS surveillance system. This paper aims to compare HIV prevalence and risk beh
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6192)
Melendez MM;;; PASMO, Guatemala, Guatemala
BACKGROUND: Two rounds of behavioral surveillance surveys for Female Sex Workers (FSW) were conducted in Central America ( Guatemala , El Salvador , Honduras , Nicaragua and Costa Rica ) in
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6193)
Alves K, Falcao ME, Vieira TM, Hernandez H, Caseiro MM, Diaz RS, Sucupira MC, Rutherford G, Page-Shafer K;;; School of Public Health, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Santos, Brazil has consistently reported high prevalence of HIV and AIDS incidence and has been the focus of intense prevention and intervention campaigns. The anonymous testing site (ATS) in Santos serves multiple high-risk populations and has a substantial prevalence and incidence of HIV among its clients
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6194)
Kasprzyk D, Woelk GB, Montano DE, NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial NI;;; Battelle, CPHRE, Seattle, United States
BACKGROUND: Self-administered questionnaires (SAQs) increase reporting of sensitive behaviors; ie, sexual, drug, alcohol use. Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interviews (ACASI) have been promoted as an SAQ that does not rely on reading level. Methods research shows individuals, especially youth, reveal riskier behaviors u
BACKGROUND: The summer capital of the Philippines , Baguio City, is the center of tourism, commercial and education in Northern Luzon. HIV Behavioral Surveillance was established in 1997 to monitor risk behaviors for HIV and STD transmission wherein the results can be used to guide intervention measures and evaluate im
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6196)
Vergnani T, Flisher AJ;;; University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
BACKGROUND: South Africa has one of the fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemics in hte world with particularly high infection rates among adolescents and young adults. The challenge is to develop programmes to promote safer sex behaviour, more specifically consistent condom use, that take into account the social and cultura
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6197)
Minichiello AS, Vargas G, Bertozzi SM;;; National Institute of Public Health, Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to pilot and modify a behavioral surveillance methodology and questionnaires for use with MSM, FSWs, youth, migrants and IDUs in Mexico . The methodology includes mapping, questionnaire validation, sample size calculations, site selection, and guidelines for the application o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6198)
Salillas AF, Esteve AP, Trullen Gas J, Padilla CA, Franch IB;;; Conselleria Sanitat Castellon, Castellon, Spain
BACKGROUND. We are spending too many prevention resources on low risk population, while ignoring young people at higher risk. METHODS. Baseline questionnaire; two educational intervention sessions aimed at increasing AIDS/STD knowledge, perceived susceptibility and skills related to condom use and partner negotiation;
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6199)
Riono P;;; University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
BACKGROUND: There has been debate over the magnituse of the HIV/AIDS epidemic would occur in Indonesia among diverse ethnic groups across the islands. Since HIV epidemics are influenced by sexual networks pattern among men, then it is very important to study sexual network patterns and factors that influence the sexual
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6200)
Schenker I, Tamir P, Greenblatt C;;; Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
BACKGROUND: This study discloses new findings on risk taking behavior of Israeli high school students. It is the major study focusing on HIV/AIDS in this population ever published in Israel, and its implications are key to understanding the sexual, substance use and other risky behavior of young people in the Middle Ea
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6201)
Galustyan YM, Balakireva OM, Andruschak LI;;; Ukrainian Institute for Social Research, Kyiv, Ukraine
ISSUES: A brief overview of the sex business in Ukraine The Ukrainian and international legislation on prostitution Public opinion towards commercial sex in Ukraine Social portrait of female sex workers Causes of ways of involvement in sex industry Sex industry as a source of income Health problems of female sex worker
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6202)
Non D;;; SHED Foundation Inc., General Santos City, Philippines
BACKGROUND: There were four documented HIV positive female sex workers in General Santos City. Moreover, in the five rounds of Behavioral Surveillance conducted under the provision of the Department of Health shows that there is IDU practices among the sex workers and the deep sea fisherman. These groups are considered
Int conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6203)
[No authors listed];;;
BACKGROUND. Accurate information about Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) is important for prevention. This study determined whether prevalence of STI symptoms varied among levels of respondent s knowledge to HIV/AIDS/STIs. METHODS. Re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6204)
Napravnik S, McKaig RG, Menezes P, Haskins LM, Burge SS, Abernethy MG, van der Horst C, Eron JJ Jr.;;; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of high risk sexual behavior (HRSB) among HIV-infected individuals, and to understand the characteristics of those who engage in HRSB. METHODS: A convenience sample of 122 HIV-infected patients attending primary HIV care in the Southeastern US were
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6205)
Soto RJ, Nunez CA, Cuchi P, Holmes KK;;; PASCA / The furures Group International, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
ISSUES. Collection of valid, reliable, scientifically sound and valuable HIV/STD data for planners and decision makers has been a challenge and a felt need in the Central American countries. A multicenter study was designed with the following objectives: to determine the prevalence and incidence of HIV and some STDs (s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6206)
Haryanto B;;; Center for healt research, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
BACKGROUND. Accurate information about Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) is important for prevention. This study determined whether prevalence of STI symptoms varied among levels of respondent s knowledge to HIV/AIDS/STIs. METHODS. Re
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6208)
Girianelli VR, Santos MI, Fontenelle DS;;; UISHP, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The number of notifications of the accidents with biological materials has increment in Rio de Janeiro. However, one gives credit that the number of occurred accidents is very upper to the notified one. Aiming at to inquire this hypothesis, a study was developed to identify the determinative of the subnotif
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6209)
Poudyal MR;;; AMDA/FHI, AIDS Prevention Project, Damak, Nepal
ISSUES: Nepali Sex Workers are associated with national as well as international network in eastern Nepal. They are facing hands to mouth problems due to the proverty. They are far from the treatment of Sexually Transmission Infections due to the lack of availability proper services. The condom using rate is very low.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6211)
Smith E, Knudsen SP, Haff J;;; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
Aim of the study: To describe aspects of sex life among Danish men who have sex with men (MSM) in an era with HAART in order to improve preventive measures. Material and methods: Quantitative survey among MSM in Denmark regarding sexual behaviour, HIV testing pattern, HIV infection, attitudes and knowledge.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6212)
Basirika BS, James MJ, Kiguli Annette Rachel KA, Jane MJ;;; Health Partners, Kampala, Uganda
ISSUES: HIV /STIs prevention and improving the quality of life in AIDS situatio,. DESCRIPTION: The paper elaborates on how the Church of Uganda assisted grassroot people in Kome to establish and sustain a Community Based AIDS Programe {CBAP) to sensitise the masses about AIDS and to enhance individuals behaviour chang
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6213)
Baloch NA, Shah SA;;; sindh services hospital, karachi, Pakistan
background: use of condoms for prevention of sexually transmitted infections including hiv/aids in pakistan is very low. the purpose of this study was to know the reasons for low use of condoms so that appropriate interventions are planned for promotion of condoms for disease prevention. methods: pre-structured questio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6214)
Carriero C;;; North General Hospital, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: The United States has seen a shift in the AIDS epidemic from a predominantly white gay population to communities of color with mixed risk factors. African-Americans and Hispanics account for greater than 70% of all newly diagnosed AIDS cases. Women account for 21% of all adult cases and women of color repre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6215)
Best J, Blitchtein-Winicki D, Leiva-Rosado R, Valverde A, Suarez-Ognio LA, Manrique-Chicoma H;;; NAtional Penitenciary Institute, Lima, Peru
BACKGROUND: In 1999, the Ministry of Health and the National Penitentiary Institute in Peru decided to perform a surveillance to estimate the prevalence of syphilis and HIV and obtain information about related behavioral risk factors in prisons. METHODS: A randomized anonymous, voluntary linked for syphilis and unlinke
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6216)
Bravo M, Royuela L, Barrio G, Rodriguez A, De la Fuente L, Marquez V; DGPNSD, Madrid, Spain
BACKGROUND: For many years, injection-behavioural surveillance among drug users has included almost exclusively syringe sharing practices, generally receiving syringes (RS). The authors consider that in order to assess the real modifications on risk injecting behaviour, syringe-mediated drug sharing (SMDS) should be al
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6217)
Somi GR;;; NACP Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Sentinel surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STI among pregnant women was first initiated in one region of Tanzania in late 80 s. In early 90s sentinel surveillance was expanded to 11 regions and performed well for several years. In recent years, second generation surveillance has emerged as an effective tool for
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6218)
Barreira D, Fonseca MG, Barbosa Jr. A, Dhalia C;;; Ministry of Health - Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil
BACKGROUND: According to the latest analyses, the AIDS epidemic in Brazil is leveling off and there has been a substantial drop in AIDS-related mortality rates. Nevertheless, careful examination of the analyses and reports from a demographic and geographical point of view reveal a number of different trends. These have
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6219)
Felga de Carvalho MF;;; Health Ministery, Brasilia, Brazil
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in parturients. METHODOLOGY: 18000 samples would be needed for determining the prevalence of HIV among parturients. Therefore, 150 maternity were selected at random. In each of the five macro-regions maternity were chosen out of municipalities classified within o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6220)
Italia YM, Gilada IS;;; People's Health Organization (India) PHO-Valsad Branch, Valsad - 396 001., India
ISSUES: Of a billion people in India , 70 % are in rural area with low literacy rate (M:64 %; F:40%) and poor access to HIV awareness. Due to popular belief that HIV is mainly urban disease, rural people are complacent and awareness is negligible. HIV has been spreading faster in rural areas that can be established by
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6221)
Mateo RJ, Lim-Quizon MC;;; National Epidemiology Center - Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
BACKGROUND: To track the epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers (FSWs) in the Philippines , the Philippine Department of Health established HIV Serologic Surveillance (HSS) in 1993 and Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance (BSS) in 1997. The HSS is primarily a warning system that is triggered when the critical HIV pre
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6222)
Palaypayon NS, Quizon MC, Mateo R;;; National Epidemiology Center- Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
BACKGROUND: The Philippine Department of Health (PDOH), in its desire to keep track of the HIV epidemic, classified HIV/AIDS as a notifiable disease in 1986. The following year the PDOH established the HIV/AIDS registry, which is a passive surveillance that aimed to log all confirmed HIV/AIDS cases, analyze their profi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6223)
Shaikh N, Abdullah FA, Smit L;;; Department of Health, Western Cape, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The Annual National HIV Antenatal Survey has been implemented for over a decade in South Africa (SA) and it is evident that the epidemic is progressing at different rates within the nine provinces. The national survey is designed to provide information at national and provincial levels. A major limitation i
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6224)
Padgett D, Sierra M, MedicosServicioSocial MS;;; Unidad de Investigacion Cientfica, UNAH, Tegucigalpa, MDC, Honduras
BACKGROUND: Honduras is severely impacted by HIV/AIDS epidemic. With nearly 7 million population, the country is classified by the World Bank as a severely indebted, low-income, and primary agriculture product exporter. Although AIDS cases are concentrated in urban areas, there is a high migration between rural and urb
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6225)
Orenstein R, Stewart M, Tsogas N;;; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
BACKGROUND: 48,000 people are estimated to be living with HIV in Peru . Little information exists on the prevalence of HIV in rural populations in the Peruvian Amazon. Most data in Peru is obtained from high risk and city populations. The prevalence of HIV in rural villages is not known and data has been difficult to o
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6226)
Smith CJ, Sabin CA, Lampe F, Madge S, Cozzi-Lepri A, Youle M, Gumley H, Johnson M, Phillips AN;;; Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND-Early prediction of virologic response to HAART is vital to prevent early development of drug resistance. We aimed to predict time to virologic suppression in patients starting HAART by their weeks 4 and 8 viral loads. METHODS-319 therapy-naive patients with a viral load (VL) at 4 or 8 weeks after starting H
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6227)
Tarwater PM, Mellors JW, Gore ME, Phair JP, Margolick JB, Detels R, Munoz A;;; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
BACKGROUND: The value of plasma HIV-1 RNA as a prognostic marker is reduced after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) because of the profound effect HAART has on plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. However, the predictive value of plasma HIV-1 RNA in patients receiving HAART has not been carefully assessed.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6228)
Kahn MB, Simon MK, Cross GD, Schalla WO, Lipman HB, Hearn T;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: To evaluate laboratories performing HIV-1 related testing, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) which includes performance evaluation of labs that test for HIV-1 viral RNA (viral load). All samples used in the MPEP HIV-1 RNA performance s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6229)
Paranjape RS, Mehendale SM, Thakar MR, Brahme RG, Mahajan BM, Kulkarni SS, Tripathy SP, Bollinger RC;;; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
BACKGROUND: Immunological and virological events during acute primary infection may impact HIV disease progression. However, few studies describe whether the characteristics of acute primary HIV infection with non-subtype B HIV-1 follow the same pattern as subtype B. METHODS: Consenting HIV antibody negative/p24 antige
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6230)
Audu R, Onyewuche J, Funsho-Adebayo O, Oparugo C, Onwujekwe DI, Onubogu CC, Adedoyin JA, Idigbe EO;;; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Human Virology Laboratory, Lagos, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to evaluate and establish a cost effective method for CD4 cell estimation in clinical samples in Nigeria . METHOD: CD4 cell counts of 115 blood samples were determined. The blood samples were obtained from apparently healthy subjects (blood donors) as well as subjects with various
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6231)
Zangerle R, Sarcletti M, Quirchmair G, Widner B, Neurauter G, Fuchs D;;; University, Innsbruck, Austria
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has a significant impact on HIV-1 RNA levels, the CD4 cell count and immune activation. We examined whether these changes are associated with a change in the rate of tryptophan degradation (expressed as the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio; kyn/trp) as an estimate for the activity
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6232)
Menezes P, Napravnik S, Miller WC, Eron JJ Jr.;;; School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
BACKGROUND: HIV infected persons uncommonly achieve normal CD4:CD8 ratios, even with antiretroviral therapy. We retrospectively examined potential factors associated with normal CD4:CD8 ratios in HIV infected persons. METHODS: Cases (N=102) with 3 or more normal CD4:CD8 ratios (0.9 to 4.8) were identified from ~1300 HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6233)
Veiga AP, Komninakis S, Orii N, Stellin R, Casseb J, Duarte AJ;;; School of Medicine of Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
BACKGROUND: HIV/Hepatitis B co-infected subjects are at higher risk for chronic hepatic disease and hepatocarcinoma. Thus, hepatitis B immunization is a formal indication in HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: In order to determine the immunological status of the patients that may result in best vaccine efficacy, TCD4+
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6234)
Kondo MK, Shima TS, Sudo KS, Nishizawa MN, Iwamuro SI, Okabe TO, Imai MI;;; Department of Virology, Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan
BACKGROUND: When the western blot (WB) gives an indeterminate result or very weak positive results, serial testing of additional serum samples will usually clarify the situation. But in one case (GM43), serial testing give the same weak positive results for long period and HIV-1 genome (HIV-1 proviral DNA in peripheral
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6235)
Goh L, Bernard M, Lampe F, Janossy G, Cooper D, Cunningham P, Andersson J, Kinloch S, Mcdade H, Perrin L, Capt A;;; GlaxoSmithKline, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: A synergistic effect between HIV and CMV infection on more rapid HIV disease progression has been proposed. We studied the effect of CMV on indices of HIV disease before initiation of treatment and after 28 Wks of HAART in PHI patients. METHODS: This was a multi-centre study in treatment-naive PHI pts. Bloo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6236)
Van der Paal LV, Muwonge R, Mayanja B, Whitworth JA;;; Medical Research Council - Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
Background To assess the effect of pregnancy on HIV disease progression in Ugandan women. Methods A clinical cohort was established in 1990 in rural SW Uganda: 82 HIV incident cases are women in reproductive age (15-49). We compared progression to WHO stage 4, to death, and to CD4 count
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6237)
Hershow RC, Minkoff H, Tuomala R, Watts H, Frederick M, Zorrilla C, Hammill H, Pitt J;;; University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether pregnancy hastens HIV disease progression. We examined the effect of a second pregnancy on disease progression among North American women enrolled while pregnant in the Women and Infants Transmission Study. METHODS: Disease progression (changes in CD4 cell per cents, plasma HIV RNA,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6238)
Pandit DP, Raina S, Sangle S, Bharadwaj R;;; Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India
Introduction:Gastrointestinal infections are very common in AIDS patients and diarrhoea is a common clinical presentation. It has a varied aetiology and therapy needs to be modified accordingly. The present study was undertaken to asses the relative roles of differrent pathogens in causation of diarrhoea. MATERIALS AND
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6239)
Rompalo AM, Astemborksi J, Zenilman JM, Quinn TC, Vlahav D;;; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) has been associated in vitro with increased HIV replication. Prevalent HSV infection has been associated with increased HIV transmission and acquisition, but not with time to AIDS. We examined the effect of prevalent HSV type 1 and 2 on first HIV viral load after documented sero
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6240)
Drain PK, Holmes KK, Hughes JP;;; Center for AIDS and STD, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
In 2001, WHO and UNAIDS estimated that 95% of the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS reside in developing countries. Seroprevalence rates vary considerably among developing countries, ranging from .005 to 35.8 per 100 adults. Identifying determinants of high versus low rates may suggest population-level interventio
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6241)
McFarland W, Chen S, Hsu L, Schwarcz SK, Katz MH;;; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically improved survival after AIDS. However, the benefits of HAART have not been equally realized for all communities, even in resource-rich countries. We explored the effect of neighborhood socio-economic status (SES) on survival after AIDS diagnosis
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6242)
Singh S, Balooni V, Singhal S, Singh N;;; All India Institute of Medical Sciences,, New Delhi, India
BACKGROUND: India is one of the burst hit country with AIDS epidemic. More than 4 million people have already been infected with HIV. More than 85% people are infected through heterosexual route. However, very little is known about the psycho-social aspects of HIV transmission between two sex partners.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6243)
Summerton JV;;; University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to explore socio-behavioural and motivational factors that influence sexual behaviour among men and women aged 15-49 yrs in Thabong/Welkom with a view to informing HIV/AIDS-prevention initiatives in this area. This aim will be achieved through the following objectives: 1.conducting a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6244)
Cook JA, Cohen MH, Grey DD, Burke J, Richardson J, Wilson TE, Greenblatt R, Young M, Gurtman A;;; University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of depressive symptoms with the slope of CD4 lymphocyte decline among HIV-seropositive women, controlling for clinical features, receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART), substance use, and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: This analysis use
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6245)
Nair VV, Hernandez VR;;; Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, United States
BACKGROUND: Critics of risk factor epidemiology have argued that research strategies that focus on practices that put people at risk for HIV or if infected, effect adherence to therapies and care, fail to take into account the social and environmental determinants of health and disease. The purpose of this presentation
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6246)
Kaslow RA, Tang J, Penman-Aguilar A, Tang S, Mellors J, Munoz A, Carrington M;;; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
BACKGROUND: Genotype diversity (zygosity) at HLA class I loci affects the CD8+ CTL repertoire for response to HIV-1 and thereby presumably influences disease progression. In MACS and elsewhere, relative to heterozygotes, single-locus class I homozygotes have a somewhat unfavorable long-term prognosis; multi-locus homoz
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6247)
Prestage G, Grulich A, Rawstorne P, Song A, Grierson J;;; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
BACKGROUND: Use of antiviral treatments was widely adopted by Australian PLWHA between 1996 and 1998. While most remain on therapy some have never taken it up and others have come off therapy. METHODS: The Positive Health (pH) study is a longitudinal study of 425 HIV-positive subjects commencing in 1999 including detai
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6248)
Sullivan PS, Nakamura GV, Campsmith ML;;; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: High levels of adherence (>90%) to antiretroviral regimens are required for optimal control of HIV replication and prevention of development of viral resistance. OBJECTIVE: To describe the proportion of persons living with HIV infection who reported missing >/= 1 dose of antiretroviral medication in the 48
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6249)
Moss AR, Perry S, Riley E, Bangsberg D;;; UCSF, San Francisco, United States
BACKGROUND. We studied access to therapy and mortality in the REACH prospective cohort of HIV-positive homeless and marginally housed persons recruited in San Francisco. METHODS. We followed a representative sample of 330 HIV-positive adults, recruited 1996-2000 in major lunchlines and homeless shelters and a random sa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6250)
Jack N, Smith H, Daniel J, Telfer-Baptiste M, Fergusson K, Gonzalez A, Cleghorn F, Bartholomew C;;; Medical Research Foundation, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral costs have been reduced in Trinidad and Tobago . However, adherence to antiretroviral regimens can be challenging with daily treatment required for the rest of one s life. METHODS: Between October to December 2001, HIV infected patients presenting
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6251)
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F;;; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle anomalies are novel HIV disease complications,but causes and consequences are still debated.METHODS: A 1:3 case-control study was performed in ~1000 HIV-infected patients (p) followed in the 2nd semester of 2001,provided that they had >=2 laboratory exams. To assess the frequency,risk factor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6252)
Domingo P, Arroyo JA, Sambeat MA, Sambeat MA, Perez A, Ordonez J, Cadafalch J, Fuster M, Gurgui M, Vasquez G;;; Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Aim of the study: To determine the differential effects of PIs on plasma lipid levels and apolipoprotein B levels. Patients and METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of lipid abnormalities related to highly active antiretroviral therapy. To be included in the study the patient had to be treated with HAART that incl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6253)
Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Murri R, Orlandi E, Covezzi R, Nardini G, Beghetto B, Bedini A, Esposito R, Wu A;;; Universita di Modena, Modena, Italy
BACKGROUND: Tests are needed to study fat redistribution in HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of tests of perceived body image and related attitudes, originally designed for eating disorders, for use in HIV+ women. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational study. Anthropometric measurements (BMI,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6254)
Braitstein PK, Yip B, Montaner JS, Levy A, Joseph J, Kiely FM, O'Shaughnessy MV, Hogg RS;;; BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of cardiac procedures among persons infected with HIV on antiretrovirals from 1993 - 2001. METHODS: Since 1991, antiretrovirals in British Columbia have been centrally distributed by the B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS. The B.C. Cardiac Registry maintains information regarding al
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6255)
Blanch J, Rousaud A, Martinez E, Lazzari ED, Peri JM, Milinkovic A, Perez-Cuevas JB, Blanco JL, Gatell JM;;; Clinical Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
Introduction: There appear to be several reasons for the impact of lipodystrophy changes on the quality of life (QoL) of HIV-infected patients. Body changes may stigmatise patients, producing erosion of self-image and self-esteem, problems in social and sexual relations, and anxiety and depression. Few published studie
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6256)
Tsekes G, Paraskeva D, Douskas G, Mangafas N, Chini M, Boboli M, Chalkiadaki D, Georgiou E, Lazanas MC;;; Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
BACKGROUND: There are insufficient data regarding lean body mass changes during the course of HIV infection. This study was conducted in order to define possible lean changes in a group of HIV infected patients followed longitudinally. METHODS: The study population consisted of 59 HIV-1 infected patients (48 males, 11
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6257)
Vasques V, Garcia M, Cortes E;;; Hospital da Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND: The highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is effective, but lipodistrophy (LD), mainly from face, is an adverse event that interferes with the self-steem and the adherence to treatment. As there is no treatment available for that condition, we study a muscular facial hypertrophy to fill the space lef
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6258)
de Gaetano Donati K, Tumbarello M, Tacconelli E, Rabagliati R, Cauda R, Amore C, Iacoviello L;;; Catholic University, Rome, Italy
Introduction: The introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in the treatment of HIV-infected subjects has reduced morbidity and mortality. However, HAART has been associated with peripheral fat wasting, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and glucose intolerance. It is unknown if these metabolic a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6259)
Conradie FM, Ive PD, Venter WD, Sanne IM;;; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
BACKGROUND: NVP is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) registered for the treatment of HIV infection. It is associated with hepatoxicity (17% with grade3-4 AST or ALT) and serious skin reactions (17% for skin reactions with a 7% discontinuation rate). There is little data on the safety of swapping
Int conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6260)
[No authors listed];;;
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ARV) can induce metabolic adverse effects, possibly leading to an accelerated atherosclerotic process. However, no data exist to suggest that risk factor profiles induced by ARV drugs mimic the risk profile for cardiovascular disease in the background population. METHODS: Baseline ri
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6261)
Lichtenstein KA, Delaney KM, Ward DJ, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD, Wood KC;;; Rose Medical Center, Denver, United States
BACKGROUND: The factors contributing to the development of HIV-associated lipodystrophy are still unclear. This study identifies the clinical factors associated with the incidence of lipoatrophy (abnormal fat lost), one of the manifestations of the lipodystrophy syndrome. METHODS: This is a prospective analysis of HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6262)
Moreno JG, Lomas J, Rodriguez F, Pujol E, Merino D;;; Hospital Juan Ramon Jimenez, Huelva, Spain
BACKGROUND: To detect and measure the cardiovascular risk (CVR) in our HIV patients, account taken that the metabolic changes induced by the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may induce an increase of this risk. METHOD: 133 patients where applied the Framinghan protocol to estimate the cardiovascular risk: a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6263)
Hammond EL, Nolan DA, McKinnon E, Mallal SA;;; Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Perth, Australia
BACKGROUND: Anti-retroviral therapy is associated with decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in adipocytes. We sought to determine whether measurement of mtDNA in differing populations of peripheral blood also reveals depletion in patients treated with anti-retrovirals. METHODS: Twelve patients were selected who commence
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6264)
Colombani F, Balestre E, Mercie P, Bonnet F, Thiebaut R, Dabis F;;; University-INSERM U330, Bordeaux, France
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate predictors of hypercholesterolemia (HCT) in HAART treated HIV-1 infected patients in a prospective cohort. Design and Patients: Subjects of the Aquitaine Cohort aged over 18, treated by HAART (¡Ã3 drugs) with a protease inhibitor (PI) or a non nucleoside inhibitor (NNRTI), enrolled before D
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6265)
Braganca F, Teofilo E, Pinheiro L, Rosa R, Carmona R, Fariavaz A, Maria VA;;; National Institute of Pharmacy and Medicine (Infarmed), National Pharmacovigilance Center, Lisboa, Portugal
BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are increasingly recognised in HIV infected patients. Focus on HIV infection as a chronic disease, requiring therapy for increasingly longer periods of time and the need for early availability of new drugs, emphasises the importance of post-marketing safety surveillance of antir
BACKGROUND: Lipid metabolism abnormalities and fat mass redistribution expose HIV-infected patients to a potential risk of atheromatous cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: We aimed in a 12 month follow-up study to describe changes of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, and its de
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6267)
Keiser P, Sension M, DeJesus E, Rodriguez A, Olliffe J, Williams V, Snidow J, Shachoy-Clark A, Fleming J, Hernandez J;;; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is a common side effect of PI-based HAART. The objective of this trial was to assess the reversibility of PI-associated hyperlipidemia in virologically-suppressed HIV-1 infected adults when switching their PI to ABC. METHODS: ABC/NNRTI-naive adults maintained on PI-containing HAART >/=3 mos.,
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeC6268)
Stek M, Patel K, Shivaprakash M, Menten J;;; Merck &Co.Inc, Merck&Co, United States
BACKGROUND: The Efavirenz Expanded Access Program (EFV EAP) was carried out to provide HIV-1 infected individuals with early access to efavirenz (EFV) and to obtain additional safety data on these patients in several countries where Merck & Co. Inc markets efavirenz as STOCRIN®.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeC6269)
Coll P, Rolon MJ, Pando N, Ruda A, Macri SP, Galloso C, Voto L, Cahn P;;; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy of perinatal HAART on HIV perinatal transmission in a non-breastfeeding population as well as safety for PW and ENB. METHODS: In this prospective, ongoing observational cohort study, HIV PW were offered to be treated, switched or continued with HAART( ZDV 600mg/
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6270)
Wang X, Shan JG, Xia ZB, Wei SB;;; Wuhan public health and anti-epidemic station, Wuhan, China
BACKGROUND: The estimated number of HIV/AIDS in China is about 600,000 by the end of year 2000. With support from WHO-Western Pacific Office, the pilot project of 100% Condom Use Program (100% CUP) was started in Middle China, Wuhan in Dec., 2000. Behavior surveys were planed to be conducted before and after the interv
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6271)
Moseki NE, Leatlhama LS, Matlhadisa E, Oteng FL, Masala C, Opelokgale I, Baker S, Lottering K;;; YOHO, Gaborone, Botswana
ISSUES: Botswana is one of the most affected countries by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The infection rate of 15-30 year olds (the most economically productive years of life) is currently the highest in the world - averaging nationwide at close to 50% of the population. These rates may be a direct consequence of unprotected s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6272)
Gavit PN;;; Pandit, Bombay, India
BACKGROUND: - The Project has identified 25 Cinema Theaters, which are well connected with the Red Light Area. The assessment study was done and the need was raised to deal with cinema viewers, who come in the Red Light Areas to see erotic Movies. This is the pulling factor for the cinema viewers. It was noted that out
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6273)
Katantsyev S;;; Russian Federation
Problems: information s of State Bodies of Public Health services about a real situation of things in communities of the consumers of narcotic substances, as that: a real situation on HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases; real statistics up to demographic and social structure IDU s; attempts to generate uniform strategy of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6274)
De la Fuente L, Barrio G, Bravo MJ, Rodes A, Suarez M, Parras F;;; Secretaria del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
ISSUES: Some countries that are submitted to a very rapid expansion of the HIV epidemic are faced with a situation very similar to that of Spain at the beginning of the eighties: very rapid social changes derived from its evolution from an authoritarian regime to a liberal one, high prevalence of drug injectors (IDU) a
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6275)
mez A, Arias-Velasco JA, Hernandez - Chavez JJ;;; Colectivo Sol, Mexico City, Mexico
ISSUE: Prevalent unprotected sexual penetrative practices among young people, low levels of awareness on the risk of contracting HIV and other STIs, and proactive opposition of churches, conservative media and politicians, facilite the ongoing and increasing spread of HIV infection. The absence of proactive campaigns p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6276)
Wu Z, Rou KM, Li F, Liu W, Liu DH, Guan JH, Xu C;;; National Center for AIDS Prevention &Control, Beijing, China
BACKGROUND: Commercial sex and its related epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are becoming an increasing problem in China . The objective of study is to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of STD/HIV prevention intervention targeting sex workers
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6277)
Egan JP;;; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
BACKGROUND: Methadone is often suggested for heroin IDUs to achieve abstinence. HIV prevention workers,often the gatekeepers for information regarding treatment strategies for IDUs, have unique insights about methadone therapy -- from their own observations & from client feedback -- are often absent in policy debat
Introduction: The burden of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, the cause of AIDS, continues to increase worldwide. The use of barrier methods, notably consistent and correct use of male condom, is advocated for as a primary means of reducing the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HI
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6279)
Nguyen AT, Bui KH, Simons N;;; CARE in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
BACKGROUND: Seafarers in Kien Giang province in Vietnam are at risk of HIV infection. Cambodia and the Gulf of Thailand border Kien Giang, making it a gateway for mobile populations. Fishing is the largest industry in the province providing employment opportunities for the community.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6280)
Bambao AM, Gumayan MV, Doligosa lll JD, Buenjemia VB, Nicolo MJ;;; Kabalaka Reproductive Health Center/CPU, Iloilo City, Philippines
ISSUES: Philippines has low and slow spread of HIV/AIDS but the AIDS showed that STD is increasing. Iloilo city is becoming a hot spot with the sprouting of nightclubs, disco bars, massage parlors, red houses, and shopping malls. Stigma is associated to government health and services are inaccessible. The Kabalaka Repr
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6281)
Josepher H, Bethea M, Drayton D, Mateo H, Starke W, Melendez I;;; Exponents Inc., NY, United States
ISSUES: The recently incarcerated and homeless, a group at highest risk for HIV infection, are difficult to engage because of their histories of substance abuse, mental illness and criminal backgrounds. Generalized prevention interventions often lack intensity, ongoing support and skilled peer workers to provide servic
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6282)
Espinoza-Gonzalez CR, ndez JE, Alvarez G, iga A;;; Fundacion CIPRESS, Santiago, Chile
ISSUES. Gay men in Santiago are aware of the risk of HIV infection and have a relatively high level of commitment to prevention. But clandestinity, isolation and other psycho-social issues undermine their ability to actually carry out these intentions. A permanent presence in gay venues contributes to strengthening a s
ISSUE: To review the role and activities of people living with HIV/AIDS support groups on the copper belt region of Mumias, Kenya between 1998 and 2000. More than six support groups for PLWHAs have been formed since 1998 in different places of the Sugar belt. The group members have been trained in various skills so tha
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6284)
Awuor LL, Aluoch CA, Odhiambo FR, Edwin AG;;; TAPWAK, Nairobi, Kenya
ISSUE: to assess the impact of drama and plays in community HIV/AIDS care and support programmes. DESCRIPTION: 30 PLWHAs, Drama group and members of TAPWAK carried out 100 HIV/AIDS sensitisations workshops using Drama and personal testimonies to educate 50 communities both in rural and urban based centres in Nairobi an
BACKGROUND: Liminal zones represent spaces where the normal rules and constraints of society are suspended. Here, we describe how a PSE (public sex environment) is constructed as a liminal zone, both by men who cruise there for sex and those who provide outreach work. We also explore how this impacts upon the nature an
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6286)
Otaya M, Jones B, Yamashita T, Kitayama A, Hayashi M;;; Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to do a survey to obtain information on medical/social services in Los Angeles so that programs may be developed in Los Angeles and Japan to enable people with HIV to seek medical care at an early stage of HIV infection. METHODS: Participants were six gay men (2 Japanese nationa
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeD6287)
Kakonge Mpomba Benjamin MK;;; The AIDS Support organisation, Kampala, Uganda
BACKGROUND: There has been much debate in Uganda about the values and attitudes of young people and their contribution to society. Concern has been expressed that the content driven National Curriculum has not provided sufficiently for pupils moral and social education, that there has been no teaching of political lite
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeD6288)
Mwale A, Ginwalla R, Chileshe K, Mwansa M;;; University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
BACKGROUND: The Zambian ProTEST project encourages voluntary counseling and testing as an entry to integrated management of HIV related illness, including tuberculosis . Two pilot sites are currently running in high-density peri-urban communities. To inform and educate the people in these communities, ProTEST intensifi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeD6289)
Nicholson S;;; East Sussex, Brighton and Hove Health Authority, Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: In July 2001, The Gay Men s Health Matters (GMHM) team at Terrence Higgins Trust South began undertaking HIV prevention outreach sessions in the coffee lounge of a popular gay men s sauna in Brighton, England. To date, eighteen x 3hr sessions have been delivered. This paper describes the results of a proces
Issues The infrastructure to deliver quality HIV/AIDS prevention and mitgation services is difficult for many poor countries most affected by the AIDS pandemic. One aspect of these services would be voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), a special discipline which is highly advanced and well paying. Many countries hav
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6291)
Chandrasekera NP;;; Save the Children, UK, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
ISSUES: Lack of fundamental knowledge on sexual health related issues and sexual exploitation are common problems confronted by Sri Lankan children,especially in the rural sector. The socio-cultural background of Sri-Lanka that does not allow candid discussions on sexuality is one of the root causese of the former wher
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6292)
Wang MS;;; Associate Professor, HIV Social Study, Institute of Sociology, Sichuan Academy of Social Science, Chengdu, China
BACKGROUND: Although condom promotion for STI/HIV prevention have been broadly launched to focus on sex workers in China , most prevention programs have demonstrated little effect among them to persuade clients to use condoms. Major limitation for most programs which were based on single action paradigm of behaviour ch
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6293)
Gupta SS;;; UNICEF-NISD, New Delhi, India
ISSUE: Lack of trained counsellors to effectively deal with issues of children affected by HIV/AIDS DESCRIPTION: The growing numbers of children affected by HIV/AIDS in India moved UNICEF & Govt. of India to ensure effective and professional services for them. Training staff of NGOs working for child protection is
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6294)
Entore Ramachandran Babu ER, Noor Mohamed Usman N, Arnold JP, Begum RA;;; TNVHA, Chennai, India
ISSUES: Counselors themselves in India do not understand the concept of counseling pertaining to HIV disease properly. They offer health education under the presumption of counseling and thus the counseling has become a mockery. DESCRIPTION: In India pre and posttest counseling is offered leaving big lacunae in other s
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6295)
Bhattacharya RD, Upadhyay J, Patel P, Seth R;;; Director GAP-ISRCDE, Ahmedabad, India
BACKGROUND: Gujarat AIDS Awareness and Prevention unit (GAP) is working in the field of HIV/AIDS for 14 years. The interventions have been mainly in the urban sector It was realized that HIV has already spread to the rural areas, without motivating and mobilizing the grassroots level NGOs in the intervention programmes
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6296)
George B;;; Salaam Baalak Trust (Organization), New Delhi, India
ISSUES: The needs of street children are varied but the response from organizations - government & non-government has been patchy and isolated. Salaam Baalak Trust, an NGO working with street children at the New Delhi railway station for the past 12 years is looking to scale up the present HIV prevention program to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6297)
Malim HN;;; Instituion, Salem, India
BACKGROUND: A study at Salem town to succeed half of the time in getting clients to use condoms. Condom negotiation is a complex communication activity that is influenced by clients characteristics. Women sex workers self efficacy and negotiation capabilities as well as socio environmental factors. Method & objecti
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6298)
Nduna M, Jewkes RK, Jama PN, Levin JB;;; Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
BACKGROUND: Stepping Stones, an educational tool for HIV prevention, seeks to build equitable gender relations, communication and lifeskills. Evaluation of HIV/AIDS programs is essential to demonstrate what is effective. This paper presents results of a study conducted to test a questionnaire and explore the impact of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6299)
Dankers M;;; IAPAC, Johanessburg, South Africa
ISSUES: The South African Department of Health contracted IAPAC to train health care workers (HCWs) on the implementation of the National HIV/AIDS Guidelines and the proper use of Diflucan in a training program called Best Practices in HIV/AIDS . Before this, training for HCW s was sporadic and ineffective. DESCRIPTION
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6300)
Banda EE, Mckenzie A, Littlefield JF;;; Intrah/Equity Project, East London, South Africa
ISSUES: South Africa s slow recognition of the severity of its HIV/AIDS problem, changing policies on counseling, testing and care, and stuttering progress in defining public HIV/AIDS services left clinic nurses and managers adrift. In the Eastern Cape Province, rural clinic nurses were untrained in facts about HIV, la
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6301)
Thaker NB;;; SNDT Women's University, Mumbai- 400 020, India
BACKGROUND: Awareness is the tool in reduction of harmful effects of AIDS, which is fast spreading deadly menace. Street - Drama is a very cost effective folk - media for spreading the message about social evils in all communities in India . To tackle the same on an international sphere, some economic, easily acceptabl
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6302)
Bhardwaj SA, Sequeira TI, Gurnani PM, Karande A, Desai V;;; coordinator, AIDS prevention education program, fogarty fellow at the university of alabama, birmingham, United States
IISSUES: the aids prevention education program is being successfully implemented for the ninth graders in mumbai schools since 1993. earlier, doctors from the health department were conducting the sessions for the students. since 1998, teachers have been involved. these undergo a 3 day training and later conduct sessio
ISSUES: obtaining the authentic data on the risky behaviour patterns of injecting drug users taking part in Harm reduce initiatives is an indispensable constituent of the planning, management and assessment of any project. The phenomenon of interviewer s social or societal status influencing the respondent s openness l
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6304)
Silveira CS;;; Silveira, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
ISSUES: reduce the incidence of HIV/Aids within a young adult population in Belo Horizonte. DESCRIPTION: according to our assessment, we estimate that every week approximately 1200 youngsters (including injection drug users) seek/visit tattoers and body piercers contacted by us. These professionals were accessed using
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6305)
Kolude OO;;; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: health care workers are at substantial risk of acquiring several infectious diseases including blood borne infections like the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) at the workplace. nigeria entered the explosive phase of hiv/aids epidemic in 1999 yet little has been done in identifying accidental exposures to
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6306)
Makkar HK, Powers E, Bernier K, Toder J, Cooper D, Hasheimi K;;; Travelers Aid, Atlanta, United States
ISSUE: Prevention of homelessness amongst HIV/AIDS infected persons through emergency assistance services. DESCRIPTION: The problem of homelessness amongst the HIV/AIDS patients is of concern. Due to the social stigma attached to HIV and its transmission causes, the HIV/AIDS affected persons are still not socially acce
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6307)
Semikop TE, Kitsenko NA;;; NGO, Odessa, Ukraine
BACKGROUND: Since 1998 in Odessa ( Ukraine ) the Public Movement Faith, Hope, Love has organized the activity of the International Training Center on the basis of current projects on HIV/AIDS prevention among vulnerable groups of the population (IDUs,FSW, MSM). From the moment when the Training Center started to functi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6308)
Mele M, Celentano AP, Inchaurraga S, Siri P;;; CEADS.National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
BACKGROUND: Efforts must be done to improve the health care providers and professionals training on harm reduction and drugs. Some data will be presented about gaps found in Great Rosario area in Argentina . As part of rapid assesment and response study, in phase II of World Health Organization Mu
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6309)
Gibson DR, Flynn NM;;; University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: A comprehensive review of the effectiveness of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in reducing HIV risk behavior and HIV seroconversion among injecting drug users (IDU) was published in AIDS 2001, 15:1329-1341. The review identified 42 published studies with evidence of effectiveness, 28 of which showed positi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6310)
Millson P, Challacombe L, Strike C, Villeneuve P, Myers T, Fischer B, Shore R, Hopkins S, Pearson M, Raftis S;;; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
BACKGROUND: Changes in drug use and HIV risk behaviors were measured six months after enrolment in low threshold methadone programs at two Ontario needle exchanges, which follow a harm reduction philosophy, not requiring abstention from drugs other than methadone. METHODS: All individuals entering the programs are invi
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6311)
Elford J, Bolding G, Sherr L;;; City University, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To examine the association between seeking sex on the Internet and sexual risk behaviour among gay men in London. METHODS: In 2000 and 2001 gay men in London were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires concerning use of the Internet, history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and recent unpro
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6312)
Morisky DE, Tiglao TV, Coly A, Ang A, Tzai T, Thomas T;;; UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
BACKGROUND: Heterosexual transmission is the major mode of HIV infection throughout the world and most particularly in Asia. Research has demonstrated the importance of peer counseling and participatory research. METHODS: Managers and officers of community-based organizations in the southern Philippines
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6313)
Mona shama ME, Sallam SA, Arafa MA, Mahfouz AA;;; High institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt
BACKGROUND: The reported HIV/AIDS cases in Egypt are still few. However, indigenous transmission and spread of the virus has been reported. A key element in developing a health education program for the primary prevention of HIV infection is the accurate assessment of HIV/AIDS related knowledge and practices. METHODS:
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6314)
Stewart H, McCauley A, Baker S, Givaudan M, James S, Leenen I, Pick S, Reddy P, Rewthong U, Rumakon P, Walker D;;; Population Council/Horizons, Washington, DC, United States
BACKGROUND: Evaluations in Mexico and Thailand included a focus on the question: Can school HIV programs reduce stigma and discrimination toward people living with AIDS? In each country, local organizations trained teachers and designed courses to change attitudes toward PLHA. METHODS: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6315)
Bimbela JL, Jimenez JM, Lamerias M, Alfaro N, Failde JM, Diezma JC;;; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Publica, Granada, Spain
BACKGROUND: The main goal of HIV prevention policies is the decrease of risk sexual behaviours. The aim of this study is to identify the risk behaviours related to the sexual transmission of HIV among Spanish youths between 14 and 24 years old in order to study how effective the prevention campaigns are. METHODS: 2171
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6316)
Lambert LV;;; Peace Corps, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
ISSUE: The AIDS epidemic is depleting the fruits of years of development work, in order to preserve the health and productivity of the important community members it is crucial to reinforce a communal acknowledgement that AIDS exists and that it is a problem in their community, also the community must willingly take th
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6317)
Kpolo MA;;; Coordinator, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
ISSUE: Since the creation of a Ministry of AIDS Control in Cote d Ivoire , many initiatives have been undertaken to fight the pandemic of HIV/AIDS, many however, are centralized in Abidjan. Recognizing the need to supply accurate information to rural populations, the Ministry -- with significant support from Cote d Ivo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6318)
Martini M, Volpicelli S, Losi N, Agnoletto V;;; IOM- International Organization for Migration, Rome, Italy
Bacgroung: Part of a wider programme focused on preventing HIV/AIDS in SEE, this intervention aimed to test the efficacy/sustainability in SEE of models used in other countries. Sports are a strategic way to reach youth, especially in a post-conflict area where they must grow up living with and respecting different eth
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6319)
Wyckoff SC, Miller KS, Whitaker DJ;;; TRW, Atlanta, United States
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the content of maternal communications about condoms. METHODS: 907 African American and Puerto Rican mothers in the US (AL, NY, PR) were interviewed about what they communicated to their adolescent (14-17 years of age) about condoms. The mothers qualitative responses were analyzed and
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6320)
Calsyn DA, Wells EA, Peterson PL, Archibald ME, Jackson TR;;; VA Puget Sound HCS &University of Washington Scool of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
BACKGROUND: AIDS prevention efforts with injection drug users (IDU) have been more successful in reducing injection risks than sexual risks. Increasing condom use is a prime goal. Understanding IDU beliefs about condom use might help direct future interventions. METHODS: Participants were men (n=43) and women (n=34) ID
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6321)
Cheng SK, Cheung MT, Fan KC, Au YK;;; Special Preventive Programme, Department of Health, Hong Kong
BACKGROUND: The Department of Health of Hong Kong SAR runs an AIDS Hotline that provides: (a) 24-hour access to pre-recorded messages via interactive voice response system (IVRS); (b) information delivery and counselling by nurse counsellors and (c) appointment booking through counsellors for anonymous HIV testing.
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6322)
Aslanov MR;;; Azerbaijan Red Crescent, Baku, Azerbaijan
With support of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ( IFRC), Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society (AzRC) started to implement HIV/AIDS educational pilot project for youth in pilot metropolitan area of Baku city from mid- August 2001till December 2001. This project seeks to provide age-appropriat
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6323)
Rahman AZ, Rasheed P, Chowdhury AT;;; Social Marketing Company, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ISSUES: open discussion on issues and problems related to sex is still not a common practice in Bangladesh . They remain shelled with whatever they have - belief, taboos, superstitions and above all STDs. youth and adolescents do practice risky sex behavior and are also psychologically shattered with the myths and fals
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6324)
Shakirov M, Zhusupov B, Valieva S, Suleimenova G;;; Research Institute of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Men having sex with men (MSM) are known to be vulnerable towards infecting with HIV. Unisexual contacts between men were punishable according to the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan until early ninetieths. For that reason MSM were remained one of the most hidden communities. Behavioral survey conducted among 100 MSM in Alma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6325)
Joshi KC, Purohit A, Joshi AK, Camilo J, Singh JD;;; FXB Rajasthan, Jodhpur, India
ISSUES: 1. To asses the need of sex education in both sexes 2. To identify the areas of intervention 3. Age to start with & contents to be covered. Will the sex education help the students in STD/HIV/AIDS prevention & population control and in their future sex life. DESCRIPTION: Four Senior Secondary School, tw
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6326)
Wei N, Zhu JQ, Liang ZK;;; The 3rd Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
BACKGROUND: 1) To access reasonable and effective health education model for AIDS prevention and control in the rural community in Hebei. 2) To develop the knowledge on AIDS among the rural population. 3) To evaluate the process and outcome of the health education activities. METHODS: We selected three villages (10,000
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6327)
Guimaraes KM, Godoi AM, Merchan-Hamann E, Andrade JM, Serafim D, Ribeiro L;;; University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
BACKGROUND: A nation-wide study was carried out in order to evaluate the impact of interventions to prevent STD, HIV/AIDS transmission. We evaluated 7 Non Governmental Organization (NGO) projects and 1 Governmental project addressed to female CSW. Three aspects of educational health practices were evaluated: (1) health
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6328)
Xu H, Zeng Y, Xu H;;; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
ISSUE: In order to implement health education among the general population and two-way communication with the high-risk population and infected with HIV and AIDS patients more effectively, the Chinese Foundation for prevention of STD & AIDS (CFPSA) has developed a website, named as AIDS Online, sponsored by Unicef
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6329)
Akintola O;;; University of natal, Durban, South Africa
background hiv/aids is increasingly being recognized as a gender issue worldwide. In Nigeria , men s sexual behaviour influenced by cultural norms about masculinity create power and economic imbalances in favour of men and put both sexes at risk of HIV/AIDS. Unfortunately, little is known about the nature and degree of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6330)
Jonnalagadda SR, Suryavanshi N, Sastry J, Erande A, Bharucha KE, Shrotri A, Bollinger RC, Shankar AV;;; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Prenatal counseling is key to helping HIV-infected mothers make informed decisions about infant feeding practices. However, factors influencing a postpartum change in her infant feeding decision are not clear. METHODS: Between August and December 2001, infant feeding intentions were assessed on 31 consecuti
BACKGROUND: This study among 2000 secondary school took place in Togo and aimed at assessing the effectiveness of an AIDS information brochure for African school-going adolescents. In order to be effective, AIDS education messages should be in line with students needs. Messages targeting young people in French speaking
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6332)
Chicre da Costa Nicolau DM, Nicolau B, Galdino de Queiroz I, Nicolau E;;; grupo Pela Vidda, Niteroi, Brazil
BACKGROUND: There is a great resistence in developing projects that involve themes linked to sexuality, creates a barrier to develop acts of prevention regarding the STD/AIDS in the Municipal Network of Education (MNE) in Niteroi (city Rio de Janeiro state), obliging a initiative with the civil society organized grupo
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6333)
Bhave GG, Dave P, Anuradha K, Hemalatha S, HArish S, Janaki D;;; NGO,SAMVEDAN, Mumbai, India
ISSUES: Prevalence of HIV infection is steadily increasing in India especially in Mumbai. Number of people seeking information regarding HIV/AIDS is also increasing. DESCRIPTION: Realising this need of the society, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Limited established Glaxo AIDS Helpline in October 2000 and is ma
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6334)
Oinyaku SO;;; Maasai AIDS Prevention Network - MAPNet, Kajiado, Kenya
ISSUES: The following issues were being addressed by the project: parent, cultural and peer pressure increasing rural Maasai youth vulnerability to HIV infection and the integration of HIV and AIDS prevention education into cultural rites of passage to adulthood. Setting: The project operated in Kajiado district of
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6335)
Sanchez IG, Pulido SA, Cortes NG, De Manuel Keenoy A;;; Escuela Andaluza Salud Publica - EASP, Granada, Spain
ISSUES: Most of the preventive strategies designed are based on health education activities using educational material. Due to social and biological vulnerability women are at increased risk of contacting AIDS. Little attention has been given in Spain to develop and evaluate gender-specific prevention strategies. An ev
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6336)
Marchi F, Lascialfari J, Corso S, Rossi R, Martini M;;; L.I.L.A. Toscana (ONG), Florence, Italy
ISSUES: Prevention, Information and Training related to HIV, Adolescents, Behaviour and risks, Schools, and Peer Education DESCRIPTION: The L.I.L.A (Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro l AIDS) in Tuscany has created a pilot project called Pilot Programme of Peer Education for High Schools in collaboration with the Office
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6337)
Alvarez B, Molina O, Guevara I, Valle F;;; Departamento ITS/SIDA/TB, Tegucigalpa, MDC, Honduras
ISSUES: since the first years of the epidemic (1985) one of the keystones to face HIV/AIDS epdemic in Honduras was the incorporation of the formal educative sector in HIV/AIDS prevention educational activities. Throughout these years there has been an active participation of students, teachers and parents in HIV/AIDS p
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6338)
Martinez I, Castro JL, Calvo M, Cendan M, Isasi C, Lage C;;; Spanish Young Red Cross, A Coruna, Spain
BACKGROUND: Spanish Young Red Cross develops since 1993 a Health Education Program at educational centres financed by Spanish Department of Work and Social Matters. This program includes the following contents: drugs prevention, sexual education, HIV-AIDS and eating disorders. In the present study we analyse the pretes
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6339)
Rosales de Molinero R, Barriga P, Fernandez J;;; Secretaria de Trabajo, Tegucigalpa, MDC, Honduras
ISSUES: more than 70% of AIDS cases in Honduras are among the young population (15 and 40 years). Quantitative research has been the foundation for most educational interventions and little results in actual behavior change have been accomplished. Now, PETSIDAH (an educational program for workers) supported by SIDACOM
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6340)
Ankiersztejn M, Przeclawska E;;; National AIDS Centre, Warsaw, Poland
BACKGROUND: The quality and scope of care of people living with HIV/AIDS and prevention depend on actual behavior and attitude of people of different professions. From that point of view it was of particular importance to show the doctors attitude. The investigation revealed that doctors of specializations not directly
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6341)
Mojica-Hernandez Y, Campos-Lopez PI, Correa-Moreno E, Ballesteros ML;;; AIDS Prevention Council in Jalisco State, Guadalajara, Mexico
BACKGROUND: The Decentralization program of Coesida Jalisco, counts with 36 Municipal Committees for AIDS prevention (COMUSIDAS). The change of government authorities and the cover extension to specific groups, generate to count with more sensibilities and capacitate elements that with their work get strengthen the AID
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6342)
Galwankar S;;; Dr SK Galwankar Hospital, Bhasker Ali Vasai, District Thane, Maharashtra 401201, India
BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in India . Recent interventions have focused on known high risk populations. However, little has been done to assess knowledge and behavior among the migrant house servant population that dwell in major urban cities in this country. METHODS: A 42-item cross-sectiona
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6343)
Glass WS, Nguma J, Lupogo H, Cunningham AE, Gikaru L, Obwaka E, Boulay M, Gilbert S;;; Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
ISSUES: Only 5% of Tanzanian youth believe they are at great risk of contracting HIV. Yet at least 50% of young people are sexually active, and only 11% of boys and 4% of girls currently report using a condom. DESCRIPTION: ISHI, live in Kiswahili, is an HIV/AIDS behavior change communication campaign for Tanzanian yout
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6344)
Krauss BJ, Godfrey CC, Day JO, Pride J;;; Hunter College Center on AIDS, Drugs and Community Health, New York, New York 10010, United States
BACKGROUND. In four 3-hour sessions, the Parent/Preadolescent Training for HIV Prevention (PATH) assists parents to become HIV educators of their 10-13 year old children. METHODS. PATH is a randomized intervention trial with over 240 parent-child pairs sampled from dwelling units in a high HIV seroprevalence (10%) neig
ISSUES: 40 million people have HIV/AIDS, according to the joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS ) and the WHO. In many parts of the world, educational gains that were achieved with great difficulty are now being eroded. The epidemic is having a disastrous impact on numerous sectors of society including education. AID
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6346)
pez Vieitez A, Castro DC, Mallou JV, Garcia Carreira A, Garcia Jimenez MT;;; Investigation Group on Consumer's Psychology, Psychology Faculty. Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago, Spain
BACKGROUND: The intervention included: explicit recommendations for selecting a complete and healthy diet and regarding food safe handling as a secondary prevention strategy (stronger immunity and less morbid-mortality); tips on tertiary prevention (life-quality improvement) on handling drug and infection complications
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6347)
Rader M, Mansergh G, Marks G, Colfax G, Guzman R, Buchbinder S;;; National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
BACKGROUND: This study assessed sources and types of important emerging HIV-related information in MSM. METHODS: 476 MSM were recruited at street locations and agencies in San Francisco (32% black, 32% Latino, 36% white; 30% age 18-29; 36% HIV+; 31% income
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6348)
Bhardwaj SA, Sequeira TI, Gurnani PM, Karande A, Desai V;;; coordinator, AIDS prevention education program, fogarty fellow, university of alabama, birmingham, United States
ISSUES: the AIDS prevention education program is being successfully implemented in the secondary schools of Mumbai since 1993. This is a Brihanmumbai Municipal corporation project in collaboration with the Mumbai Districts AIDS Control Society and UNICEF. Starting out with 51 municipal schools in 1993, today the progra
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6349)
Imrie J, Hart GJ, Davis MD, Mercer CH, Williams IG, Davidson OR, Stephenson JM;;; Dept of STD, Royal Free &University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
BACKGROUND: To be an effective prevention strategy, disclosure of HIV status must be based on equal expectations. But UK surveys suggest such equivalent expectations do not exist, and more negative and untested men expect disclosure than positive men prepared to disclose. We looked at disclosure practice among gay men
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeD6350)
Castro JL, Lage C, Martinez I, Calvo M, Isasi C, Cendan M;;; Spanish Young Red Cross, A Coruna, Spain
ISSUES: Studies suggest that the prevention programs constitute one of the most important ways to diminish contagius problems such as the HIV/AIDS. There is no doubt that teenagers are at an important risk, so that the program of primary attention are directed toward them. DESCRIPTION: We consider important to undertak
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no.. WePeD6351)
Dourado I, Menezes GM, Rabelo MG, Velame A, Falcao V;;; Instituto de Saude Coletiva/UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
ISSUES: Salvador, the capital of the State of Bahia, is a city with approximately 2.5 million inhabitants. Its population is roughly 80% black or racially mixed. The State of Bahia has 5,185 cumulative AIDS cases through June 2001 (35,4 x 10-5) and Salvador is responsible for 62% (3225) of the reported cases in the Sta
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6352)
Coll O, Pisa S, Vidal R, Suy R, Lonca M, Cararach V;;; Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
OBJECTIVES: to describe maternal and neonatal outcomes among HIV infected women in today s setting. Material and methods: HIV-1 infected women who delivered in our Hospital from January 2000 to April 2002. RESULTS: a total of 70 HIV infected women delivered during the study period (1 twin pregnancy). Their median age w
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6353)
Chen S, Kajubi P, Kamya M, McFarland W, Hearst N;;; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
BACKGROUND: Despite some success in stemming the HIV epidemic, Uganda is still a high prevalence country and sustained, long-term promotion of condom use remains the cornerstone of prevention. To enhance community-level condom promotion efforts, we examined barriers to condom use among young men in two low-SES neighbor
Int Conf AIDS 2002 Jul 7-12; 14:(abstract no. WePeD6354)
Locke TF, Newcomb MD, Goodyear RK;;; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
BACKGROUND: Young African-American women are a group at high-risk for HIV transmission and acquisition, and yet understudied in the relevant literature. An ecodevelopmental perspective guides this study that examines the relative influence of several childhood, individual/interpersonal, and social factors on various se
