Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-6)
Kallings I, Brihmer C, Sikstrom B, Mardh PA; Natl Bact Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genital infections in young Swedish women have a high incidence with 2,060 cases per 100,000 women 20-24 years old in 1991 despite the fact that the total number of reported Ct infection has decreased during recent and that gonorrhoea and syphilis has been virtually eradicated as
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-5)
Darrow W, Harris B, Schaffner A, Marx R, Pittman E, Jonah C; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
We assessed patterns of condom use reported by STD clinic patients 10 years before and 10 years after AIDS was recognized in 1981. Consecutively admitted patients at an STD clinic in Sacramento County (1970 pop. 631,498), California, were invited in 1971 to complete self-administered questionnaires (SAQs); that clinic
To evaluate the effectiveness of condom (CON) in reducing STD episodes, to evaluate the impact of CON promotion in Lusaka among STD clients. 500 consecutive STD patients (PT) at the OPD followed up for 6 months with CON intervention. RESULTS: M(ale):F(emale) is 3:1.40% M & 50% F married. PT acqu
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-3)
Namssenmo A, Simone F, Lansky A, Moran J, Stern R, Somse P; Bambari Regional Hospital, Central African Republic.
Partner notification is one of the few practical means for identifying and treating persons with asymptomatic STD in areas where screening tests are unavailable. Early diagnosis and treatment of STD can be an effective means of reducing HIV transmission. To assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a par
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-2)
Njeru EK, Ngugi EN, Moses S, Eldridge G, Plummer F; University of Nairobi, Kenya.
In trying to control the AIDS epidemic, management of STDs is especially important. Sexual partners of STD patients need special attention in order to accomplish this. To establish baseline characteristics of STD clients partners and identify intervention measures that would increase the referr
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:132 (abstract no. WS-D29-1)
Mertens T, Burton T, Carael M; WHO/GPA, Geneva, Switzerland.
GPA/WHO has developed a core set of global indicators to assess the progress of HIV prevention activities and methodologies to measure them. One key area is the monitoring of the extent to which STD control is being realized. A draft protocol of a Health Facility Survey to assess appropriateness
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-6)
Tarantola D, Mann J, O'Malley J; Global AIDS Policy Coalition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
To assess the vulnerability of nations in the world to HIV/AIDS. METHOD: National (collective) vulnerability to future spread of HIV can be pragmatically assessed by considering (1) the individual factors which influence the risk of acquiring HIV infection or of being deprived from adequate care and support,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-5)
Burton T, Carael M, Mertens T; WHO/GPA, Geneva, Switzerland.
In recognizing the importance of evaluation for optimizing the current preventive programmes, GPA/WHO has developed a set of priority prevention indicators to assess the progress of HIV prevention activities. One key area is the monitoring of the knowledge of preventive practices and behavioural change. M
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-4)
Smith GW, Mykhalovskiy E; Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto.
In this presentation we advance a new research practice for doing social science. Most AIDS research, whether quantitative or qualitative, is organized and directed by governments, universities, and professional researchers. The questions addressed are those relevant to these institutional sites. They are formulated in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-3)
Ahlberg BM, Kimani VN, Krantz I, Kirumbi LW, Persson G; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Multi-disciplinary health research has in practice meant that research problems are defined by biomedical disciplines. Social scientists are invited to operate within the biomedical paradigm. AIDS research in Africa has been dominated by the biomedical paradigm. Biomedical research has established an infectious etiolog
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-2)
Carrillo E, Tovar M, Rios F, Rico B, del Rio C; CONASIDA, Mexico.
To develop an economic and efficient evaluation tool for educational interventions, and particularly to measure the impact of mass-media campaigns. BACKGROUND AND CONASIDA s AIDS-Hot line (TELSIDA) has been working since 1987 and has been gradually improved from a manual to a computerized system, th
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:131 (abstract no. WS-D28-1)
Campbell ID, Rader AD, Bodwell S, Malama-Kean M; Salvation Army International Headquarters, London, UK.
INTRODUCTION/PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: As the rate of virus transmission outstrips capacity for field programme response, it is becoming increasingly important to define tools for catalysing new, effective field programme responses. Field based technical assistance may be one answer that is cost effective. This has been tri
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-6)
Hayes B, Pappas L; San Francisco AIDS Foundation, California.
Development, coordination, and evaluation of early intervention campaigns are the subjects of this presentation. The discussion focuses on the multi-city Be Here for the Cure campaign, which was created by the San Francisco AIDS Foundation with the assistance of HIV-positive women and men. The campaign was presented si
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-5)
Bronfman M, Gonzalez M, Palma R, Rico B, del Rio C; El Colegio de Mexico.
In Mexico , 10% of AIDS cases have lived in the US. in states with high migration rates this figure can increase to > 30%. In the US hispanics are over represented in AIDS statistics. This problem has received media coverage. Mexico, concerned about the potential impact of migration on the AIDS epidemic,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-4)
Gurubacharya VL, Suvedi BK; AIDS Prevention & Control Project, Kathmandu, Nepal.
To search for an alternative method for developing mass awareness on AIDS in a country where the literacy rate is very low, the people have very limited access to the mass media and has difficult terrain. METHOD: A national street drama group Sarbanam was invited to stage a drama about the mode of transmissi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-3)
Wasserfallen F, Stutz ST, Summermatter D, Hausermann M, Dubois-Arber F; Federal Office of Public Health, Bern.
INITIAL PURPOSE: Prevent new HIV infections amidst the sexually active population in Switzerland through the promotion of condom use. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: Since 1987, the promotion of condom use is carried out via the multimedia STOP AIDS campaign (posters, advertisements, TV spots). The always use a condom me
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-2)
Rodriguez L, Ortega G; PATH seconded to AIDSCAP Project/Family Health International, Arlington, VA.
To increase the positive impact of massive AIDS prevention campaigns through strategies that combine massive impact on public opinion and work with key sectors and decision makers of the community. A concrete case carried out in Colombia will be analyzed. METHOD: A new strategy was implemented which combine
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:130 (abstract no. WS-D27-1)
Ikpeme O, Akonjom E, Efa A; Cross River Radio, Nigeria.
To enlighten the general population (urban and rural) on the use of condoms. METHOD: During the last World AIDS Day celebration, an outreach campaign tour was taken by members of the Society Against the Spread of AIDS (SASA). SASA comprises of men working in print/electronic Media, had an interpersonal couns
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-6)
Mataka EN;
AIDS is becoming a leading cause of death between the ages of 19-45 years in developing countries leaving young children vulnerable and placing unprecedented demands on the traditional kinship coping mechanisms. THE PROJECT/RESPONSES: An enumeration and needs assessment survey done in Matero East--a high density part o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-5)
Sharpe U, Ssentongo R, Ssenyonga A, Ssamula B; Mobile AIDS Home Care/Orphans Program, Kitovu Hospital, Masaka, Uganda.
To what extent are orphans engaged in sexual activities and why? Is it possible to influence sexual behaviors in orphans? PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Uganda has many orphans due to war and AIDS. There are an estimated 161,000 orphans (children
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-4)
Nduati RW, Muita JW, Olenja J, Muiva E, Muthani N, Manguyu F;
To determine the prevalence, causes and outcome of orphanhood in Kibera urban slum in Nairobi. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 684 households. SAMPLING: Cluster sampling within the nine villages comprising the slum. RESULTS: Mean household age 4.86 and 55% of the population is under 18 years
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-3)
Lwihula G, Over M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
In a cross-section survey of 843 households in northwestern Tanzania , households experienced 1089 deaths in the last 12 months, of which 258 were household members and the rest were relatives of household members residing outside the household. For household members, households reported spending approximately 50% more
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-2)
Semali I, Ainsworth M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
This paper presents the relation between adult deaths and child weight and height, among children under five from the first wave of a longitudinal household survey in NW Tanzania . Child nutritional status can be affected through two channels--contraction of HIV from the mother, and through the negative socioeconomic e
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:129 (abstract no. WS-D26-1)
[No authors listed];
PURPOSE: Ten countries of Eastern and Central Africa are decimated by AIDS. One of the tragic results of the epidemic on families and society at large are orphans who are multiplying daily by droves as their youthful parents succumb to the epidemic. TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. Old folks of the traditional extend
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-6)
Carael M, Ferry B, Deheneffe JC; World Health Organization, Global Programme on AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland.
A greater understanding of sexual behaviour in different sociocultural contexts has important consequences for the design and evaluation of educational efforts in AIDS prevention. As a recognition of this, and since 1989, GPA/WHO has sponsored national surveys of sexual behaviours in more than 20 developi
Over the past two decades, there has been a rapid increase in industrial, export processing zones (EPZs) in developing countries. In most countries, eighty percent of the workers in these zones are women, and the great majority of these women are young and never married. Reports from many regions indicate that these wo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-4)
Jenkins C; PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
In Papua New Guinea , as elsewhere, sexual behavior is patterned by age, gender and culture. The material presented is drawn from a national ethnographic study covering 40 language groups in communities selected to represent rural and peri-urban conditions. The data consist of 423 sexual life histories and 35 focus gro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-3)
Mourao MV, Teles LC; Universidade de Coimbra, Fac. Economia, Lisboa, Portugal.
1. Epidemiological Portuguese data reveals that the incidence among Heterosexuals is 30% of all AIDS cases 1992. 2. This figure is 4 times highest that the average for the European Model of AIDS. To identify patterns of (Bi) sexual behavior and HIV strategies among Portuguese men. Qualitative appro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-2)
Miller KS, Bartholow B, Schoenbaum E, Webber M; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
To examine the extent to which adolescent and young adult couples agree in their reports of sex, condom use, and drug use behaviors. Data was collected from 53 heterosexual partners (female index
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:128 (abstract no. WS-D25-1)
Brouwers HG, Reinking DP, Kretzschmar M, Jager JC, van Zessen GJ; Netherlands Institute of Social Sexological Research, Utrecht.
(1) Application of survey data in sexual network models; (2) Exploration of the impact of selective partner choice on the spread of HIV. DATA AND Input data and baseline assumptions for network simulation are derived from representative nationwide sexological surveys in the Netherland
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-6)
Soderlund N, Davis J, Schopper D, Broomberg J, Mills A; Global Programme on AIDS, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
To determine the cost of implementing a minimal package of HIV/AIDS prevention measures in all developing countries. A convenience sample of case studies, representing six broad HIV prevention strategies in each of four income groupings was sought on the basis of availability of data evidence of ef
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-5)
Boadu SO; WHO/GPA, NACP, Windhoek, Namibia.
In the developing countries, traditional healers play a critical role in case management. Additionally, their sheer numerical strength and the fact that they are widely spread over the hinterlands, make them an important ally in the national AIDS campaign. But is true partnership possible? On one hand, the traditional
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-4)
Lansky AL, Biampeng M, Doutizonga R, Samba A, Nzoumbou E, Akoumbangba E; Centers for Disease Controls, Atlanta, GA.
Behavior change is an integral component of STD/HIV prevention and control. In order to effect behavior change, it is necessary to identify risky behaviors, the social and environmental contexts in which they occur, and underlying attitudes and beliefs. To assess STD-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, an
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-3)
Luna M, Palacios M, Garcia ML, Valdespino JL, Weissenbacher M, Daniels E, Peruga A, Navarro S, Martinez J, Salame E, et al; National Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, Mexico.
AIDS epidemic in Mexico has extended to young people belonging to lower socioeconomic strata who don t attend HIV detection centers. With the purpose of recruiting this group into clinical trials, a mobile unit was established. To evaluate the efficacy of a mobile unit to recruit participants i
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-2)
Thomes C; ziK gGmbH, Berlin, Germany.
1. The relation of AIDS and homelessness in Berlin. 2. The ziK project as an example for helping homeless people with HIV and AIDS. 3. The unique work of ziK. The project as an example of harm reduction. The integration of homeless people with HIV and AIDS in the neighbourhoods. The psychosocial concept of ziK. The par
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:127 (abstract no. WS-D24-1)
Fernandez ES, Milon P, Holloway J, Gaston M, O'Neill J, Lago M; Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland.
To gain access to HIV prevention and care services for underserved, underinsured, high-risk populations, by building the capacity of community based organizations to provide HIV early intervention services. Title III(b) of the Ryan White CARE Act provides funds to support HIV early intervention prog
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-6)
Mposo N, Mpoke N, Fumunzanza; Projet Sida, Zaire
To estimate the HIV(+) patients ability to pay the prescribed health care. Patients admitted in internal medicine ward in 3 public hospitals in Kinshasa were tested at ELISA for anti-HIV antibodies until we had a total of 50 HIV(+) patients by hospital. A control cohort had an HIV(-) related diagno
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-5)
Allen U, Mukwaya G, MacDonald N; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
It has been suggested that the economic impact of Pediatric HIV infection in developed countries may be as costly or more costly to society than adult HIV infection. An evaluation of inpatient services utilized by pediatric AIDS patients was conducted from a societal perspective in order to examine the resultant econom
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-4)
Isbell M; Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, New York, N.Y.
To identify principles for health care reform in the U.S. on the basis of the experience of persons living with HIV. Health care financing trends for HIV care were identified through extensive review of available data, economic analyses, and reported legal decisions. CONCLUSIONS: Experience during
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-3)
Kongsin S, Rerks-ngarm S, Suebsaeng L, Tangcharoensathien V; Division of AIDS, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.
To determine the hospital care and external cost of AIDS related complex (ARC) and AIDS patients in Thailand by analysing cost components including 1) routine service cost (RSC) or labour and operating cost, 2) medical care cost (MCC) or cost for laboratory test, procedures and medication, and 3) external co
To estimate and project the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Malawi s overall economy, specific economic sectors, and health care institutions. The age & gender of HIV infected persons were compared to labor force participation, unemployment, life expectancy and income estimates to determine
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:126 (abstract no. WS-D23-1)
Mujinja P, Over M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
In the first wave of a longitudinal survey of households in northwest Tanzania , household members reported on the health care utilization and expenditure by recently deceased household members and relatives. Of the 258 household members who died in the last 12 months, 200 (77%) were reported to have visited a (traditi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-6)
Gilmore N, Jurgens R, Somerville MA, Almedal C; McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law, Montreal, Canada.
To show that effective public health interventions and efforts to promote and protect human rights, in the context of HIV/AIDS and of drug use, are compatible and mutually reinforcing. Public health interventions and efforts to promote and protect human rights, applicable to HIV/AIDS and to drug use
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-5)
Patten W, Ward A; Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, Harvard University.
To analyze current legal regimes, both customary and formal, of two African countries particularly affected by HIV ( Cote d Ivoire and Uganda ) in order to identify specific violations of women s rights. To assess the impact of these violations on women s ability to prevent infection and care for themselves
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-4)
Panebianco S, Uribe P, del Rio C, Hernandez G, Rico B, Sepulveda J; Conasida Mexico.
In Mexico CONASIDA has initiated a strategy to promote respect of human rights of PWA s and responding to their needs once violations have occurred. To coordinate efforts with other public institutions and NGO s to avoid discrimination. To make the public and decision makers aware of the human
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-3)
Lyons CM, Savage BJ; School of Healthcare, Liverpool John Moores University, England.
This study focused on the sexual attitudes and behaviours of homosexual men in London, Dublin, Athens, Paris and Brussels and has repercussions in relation to transmission of HIV infection. The researchers carried out semi-structured interviews from an opportunistic sample of homosexual men from a cross section of gay
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-2)
Tillett G; Centre for Conflict Resolution, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Discrimination against people who have or are assumed to have HIV/AIDS remains a major problem. A sample of 500 cases has been analyzed to identify key factors (psychological, social, cultural and organizational) which underlie such discrimination. The effectiveness of a range of strategies in reducing or responding to
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:125 (abstract no. WS-D22-1)
Mutembei IB; Medical Aid Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
To examine whether right to life, right to freedom from unprotected violence and arbitrary coercion, right to be respected as human beings are granted to HIV/AIDS infected persons. 520 HIV/AIDS suspects were interviewed on matters pertaining to religious marriage processes, assurance of employment,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-6)
Faxelid E, Krantz I; Dept. of International Health Care Research (IHCAR), Stockholm.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) and their consequences constitute a major health problem in Zambia . Partner notification (p.n.) with the purpose of breaking the chain of transmission and prevent complications in the index patient as well as in the sexual partners, is part of the STD control programme in Zambia. R
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-5)
[No authors listed];
The right to decide when and how to reproduce are essential basic human rights for women and men. That means not only the possibility to have children but also to decide not to have them. These rights are not everywhere accepted or recognized in order to allow individual or personal decisions as the women s right to ha
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-4)
Scherbakov SP; Voluntary Charity Society for Support of a National AIDS Programme WE and YOU, Russia.
The implementation of anti-gay legislation shows that all homosexual activities could be punished by law. A list of 7 articles of the Russian Penal Code is cited, the concrete secret instructions of Health Ministry and Police Headquarters are used. The police pink lists on homosexuals are analysed in conjunction with c
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-3)
Watson C, Philp A, Percy F, Hamilton M; Health Dept of Western Australia, Perth.
Faced with a strong allegation, self disclosure or other confirmatory evidence of an HIV infected individual putting others at unacceptable risk, a health department official (and indeed any doctor or health professional) has a serious responsibility to act appropriately to protect the public. These cases are rare, but
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-2)
Sahm SW, Dancygier H; Second Department of Medicine, Stadtische Kliniken Offenbach, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Physicians are not obliged to offer futile treatment. The term futility itself has prompted major concern in the literature on ethics in medicine. Its meaning has been questioned recently. Since AIDS patients often are well educated and well informed about their disease, there may be a quarrel about who has to decide w
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:124 (abstract no. WS-D21-1)
Morin M, Obudia Y, Souville M, Galais H, Gamby T, Mostii JP; Lab of Social Psychology, Aix en Provence.
Because it is a transmissible disease, care for HIV infected persons tends to exacerbate ethical dilemmas in medical practice. We have tried to document these aspects in a survey among a sample of GPs in Marseille (South Eastern France ). MATERIAL AND One third of all GPs in Marseille (the third French city fo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-6)
Mahon N, Jones M, McGovern T, Shapiro L, Shubert V, Elovich R, Robinson C, Isbell M, Jacobs S, Williams B;
The burden of the recent resurgence of TB in New York City has fallen overwhelmingly on populations that hve been tragically underserved by the City health care system, namely people of color, homeless people, addicts and alcoholics, prisoners and parolees, and others living in poverty. Members of these groups w
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-5)
de Burger R; AIDS Education and Awareness Program, Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa.
In many jurisdictions the HIV/AIDS pandemic has created considerable tensions between public health professionals and community activists. The many complex medical, social, legal and personal issues that confront public health professionals forced them to re-evaluate current policies and practices. The Canadian Public
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-4)
Elmendorf AE, Roseberry WL; World Bank, Washington D.C.
Structural adjustment reforms (SARs) are designed to increase efficiency in the use of resources by changing the structure of a country s economy. They are expected to lead to higher long term economic growth and thereby to facilitate increases in welfare. However, they have been criticized for allegedly hurting povert
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-3)
Gardner KJ, Savelyeva MV, Savelyeva IV, Altschuler S; Int'l Center for Better Health (ICBH), Moscow, Russia.
To collaborate with several Russian, non-governmental AIDS organizations to create the first community HIV/AIDS/STD resource center in Moscow. METHOD: ICBH in Moscow conducted needs assessments with AIDS workers and activists, organized a series of training symposia, and promoted the development of non-gover
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-2)
Burgos A, Girotti C, Revsin N, Puigdefabregas A;
Both public and private health systems prevent AIDS prevention and assistance. Official policies, the present assistentialist health scheme, labour conditions for health professionals, prejudices, impeach the implementation of efficient measures. HYPOTHESIS: The development of social network, integrating the c
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:123 (abstract no. WS-D20-1)
Wille G, Kertzendorff KW; BfA, Berlin, Germany.
The BfA takes special care in dealing with these patients who are under extreme physical and psychosocial stress. This report describes longterm experience both in the fields of medical and occupational rehabilitation and with respect to the processing of pension claims The possibilities and limitation for rehabilitati
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-6)
Hellard W; Community AIDS Treatment Information, Toronto, Canada.
Peer counselling is a recognized means of reaching people by using their peers. The Community AIDS Treatment Exchange (CATIE) as a result of their Treatment Needs Assessment conducted in 1991 found that people infected with HIV preferred to obtain their treatment information from their peers. They felt the information
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-5)
Grueninger U, Kuenzel M, Abelin T; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Bern Medical School, Switzerland.
To compare the impact of written information alone versus additional group training in Continuing Medical Education (CME) on physicians attitudes, counselling skills and HIV-prevention activities. 140 Swiss practicing physicians were randomized into a Home-Study Group HG (mailed a six part workbook
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-4)
Baggaley R, Seth G, Mwansa C, Phiri M, Kelly M, Godfrey-Faussett P; Kara-Zambart Project, Lusaka.
1. To establish the first voluntary, confidential HIV counselling and testing (C&T) service in Zambia . 2. To evaluate its impact. A voluntary, confidential C&T centre has been established in central Lusaka. Baseline qualitative interviews and demographic questionnaires were used (1) to ass
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-3)
Lockley P, Anderson C; Dept. of Education, University of Edinburgh.
This presentation will reflect on a wide range of practical issues and their theoretical implications which arise when the person-centred approach is used in working with HIV positive drug users. It is first of all argued that there are a number of distinct, advantages in using the person-centred approach, with individ
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-2)
Marquez A, Licca G, Castanada S; GIS-SIDA Mexico City, Mexico.
To improve the quality of life of women living with HIV/AIDS throughout specific information on AIDS, drugs, safer sex and counselling. In-depth interviews and a specific survey to get information about AIDS and STD s feedback of information through workshops. RESULTS: Women in Mexico
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:122 (abstract no. WS-D19-1)
Henderson R, Shalwitz J, Hodgins A; Special Programs for Youth, San Francisco, California.
Youth at high risk for HIV infection historically have not been educated and counseled about the option of HIV antibody testing in their lives. Providers have lacked the consciousness, training, and support to adequately address this issue in their care to young people. Most youth with high risk histories remain unscre
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-6)
Ramos LJ, Fischbach L, Samaniego L; Comm Health Sci Dept, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles.
The Latinas & AIDS Research Project (LARP) was developed to address the dearth of information on women s sexual behaviors which would put them at risk for AIDS. With the increasing numbers of women with HIV/AIDS, assessing the full range of women s sexual behaviors is essential in developing appropriate AIDS preven
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-5)
Kagimu M, Munyagwa R, Serwadda D, Wabwire F, Marum E; Islamic Medical Association.
To assess risk perception to practices common in the Muslim community of Uganda which place persons at risk for HIV infection, namely, polygamous marriages, unsterile circumcision, and ablution of the dead. 12 rural and 9 trading center mosques were randomly selected in Mpigi and Iganga districts.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-4)
O'Neil C, Rosenbaum J; Caribbean Epidemiology Centre/CAREC, Special Program on STDs, Port of Spain, Trinidad.
This intervention study set out to investigate women s perception of HIV risk when they themselves are monogamous but their partners have multiple partners. RESEARCH: A meta-analysis of national KABP surveys from several West Indian countries conducted by the WHO Caribbean Epidemiology Centre provided a regional
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-3)
Matenga E;
The principal objectives sought to review sources of information: to assess the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS: to assess whether this knowledge was preceded by changed sexual behavioural patterns and lastly to compare some of the findings using selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: This study was a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-2)
Medrano J, Pauw J, Rivera R, Egger M, Medrano D, Smith GD; Ministry of Health Managua, Nicaragua.
To assess KAPs regarding AIDS in different population groups in Nicaragua . 3,034 Barrio dwellers, 451 students, 54 female sex workers, 57 male prisoners and 19 street children were interviewed. RESULTS: TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. Levels of knowledge were higher among male barrio dwellers an
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:121 (abstract no. WS-D18-1)
Klepinger D, Billy J, Tanfer K, Grady W; Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers, Seattle, Washington 98105.
In this paper, we provide information from a survey conducted in 1991 of a nationally representative sample of adult men in the U.S. (The National Survey of Men) concerning perceptions about the risk and severity of AIDS, prior risk behavior and how these factors are associated with each other and AIDS related behavior
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-6)
Crystal S, Bilder S, Merzel C, Sambamoorthi U; Inst. for Health, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ.
Correlates of depression (CES-D scale) and of anxiety (SCL-90 scale) were investigated in a demographically diverse New Jersey sample of 267 persons with HIV disease (90% AIDS, 10% other symptomatic illness). Separate analyses were conducted for gay men, injection drug users, and women. Effects of social support, sympt
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-5)
Mellins CA, Ehrhardt AA; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NYS Psychiatric Institute.
The present study is one of the first to systematically explore stress and coping in inner-city, ethnically diverse families caring for an HIV-infected child. METHOD: Multiple family members (caregivers, siblings, HIV-infected children) from 25 families were administered a semi-structured interview concernin
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-4)
Mayne T, O'Leary A; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco.
To identify correlates of social support and their impact on use of community support services in a suburban and rural population of gay men. Interviews were conducted with 109 gay men with HIV infection using support services from Hyacinth Foundation, New Jersey s largest AIDS support organization.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-3)
Hansell P, Hughes C, Caliandro G, Russo P, Budin W; Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ.
To determine caregivers problems; (2) To assess caregivers stress, caregiver coping and caregiver s social support; and (3) To compare caregiver stress, caregiver coping and caregiver social support between HIV infected caregivers and non HIV infected caregivers. A comparative survey design was use
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-2)
Leiberich P, Schumacher K, Rubbert A, Schwab J, Olbrich E, Kalden JR; Medical Clinic III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, FRG.
Longitudinal study about burdens, life quality (LQ) and coping of HIV positives (HIV+) to find successful adaptation and adequate support. Multimodality: inventories/interview (rating scales from 1 to 5); baseline (T1): reactions after diagnosis; follow-up (T2/T3) 0.5/1 y. later. SAMPLE: 46 HIV+ in-
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:120 (abstract no. WS-D17-1)
Hecht F, Wachter R, Heller K, Chesney M; Univ. of California, San Francisco.
PURPOSE: To determine the demographic, behavioral, and health system factors associated with failure to receive early intervention (EI) for HIV. Patients (pt s) admitted to San Francisco General Hospital were screened to identify pt s admitted for the first time with an AIDS defining illness. Demographic infor
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-6)
Miller D, Gillies P; Dept. of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Nottingham, England.
While the symptoms and consequences of occupational stress are increasingly understood, models for effective prevention and management of burnout are not clearly articulated. This paper explains models for care and prevention of HIV health worker burnout, and needs for future research. Organisation
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-5)
Sunderland RH, Shelp EE; Foundation for Interfaith Research and Ministry, Houston, Texas.
We plan to report on the reduction of volunteer burn-out in our Houston model of AIDS-related care services, currently provided by 1300 volunteers organized in sixty groups ( Care Teams ) which, in 1992, provided more than 400 HIV-infected individuals with over 125,000 hours of supportive services. Care Team volunteers
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-4)
Calvert GM; Terrence Higgins Trust, London, U.K.
To identify any motivational factors which might influence the retention and or dropout of volunteers in a volunteer led A.S.O. METHOD: Using relevant theories of motivation as a rationale a questionnaire was designed and administered to 194 incoming volunteers. A response rate of 61% was obtained. Volunteers were
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-3)
Greene D, McVinney D; Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York, NY.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of buddy volunteer caregiving for gay men and heterosexual women providing psychosocial support for people with HIV disease. METHOD: The sample consisted of 115 volunteer trainees and 126 active buddy volunteers. Measures included the Center for Ep
Hitherto results from qualitative research focus on the specific situation in the field of AIDS, e.g. the helping interaction or the characteristics of clients as major causes of caregivers stress and burnout. In contrast, quantitative studies in the tradition of work psychology often come to the conclusion
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:119 (abstract no. WS-D16-1)
Chew JK; Malaysian Council of NGOs on AIDS, Kuala Lumpur.
Burnout is a loose term used to describe what happens to some people in the caring profession when they have given of themselves too much for too long, have become drained and have been lacking support--financially and emotionally, quality time off etc.... The first signs of danger is when a warm caring person begins
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-6)
Baende E, Mather F, Lelo U, Saidel T, Mock N, Bertrand W; Projet Sida, Zaire.
To determine acceptability of condom use by HIV infected persons in Zaire . All subjects (TB cases and family) participating in a TB transmission study were screened for presence of HIV-1 by Elisa and WB. All HIV-1+ subjects and family members were eligible to participate in an HIV counselling prog
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-5)
Rosasco A; Caceres C. Asoc. VIA LIBRE, Lima, Peru.
To evaluate an educational intervention aimed at secondary prevention and empowerment of PWHIV in Lima. A weekly four-session program was designed to increase motivation for secondary prevention, provide relevant biomedical/nutritional information, promote safer sex, discuss psychosocial aspects and
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-4)
Rinken S; European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
In Western industrialized societies, death has, in the course of the 20th century, become a taboo. This statement is a commonplace neither the reasons, nor the consequences of which have properly been understood as yet. People are generally not ready to acknowledge themselves as mortal: death is generally not taken int
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-3)
Remien RH, Rabkin J, Katoff L, Wagner G; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NY State Psychiatric Institute, NY.
(1) To identify predictors of extended longterm survival with AIDS; (2) To assess the psychological status and quality of life of longterm survivors in the context of prolonged physical and psychological challenge and multiple loss. We conducted a one-year follow-up study of AIDS longterm survivors
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-2)
Schindler SE, Jones P, Menzer J, West GR, Valdiserri RO, Hinman AR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
To assess the effectiveness of four one-year programs funded by USCM in recruiting and retaining asymptomatic HIV-seropositive clients (i.e., injecting-drug users and women) in HIV RR education programs. Periodic project reports and other data are examined to determine: 1) each project s level of ef
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:118 (abstract no. WS-D15-1)
Stall R, Ekstrand M, Hoff C, Paul J, Catania J, Coates T; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, (CAPS), Univ. California-San Francisco.
To describe the prevalence of early intervention treatment for HIV infection among gay/bisexual men in two secondary AIDS epicenters in the United States (Portland, Oregon and Tucson, Arizona). Gay men were sampled using two 1) a list-frame household telephone sample (N = 712); and 2) a con
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-6)
Dhanammal G, Nataraj S; South India AIDS Action Programme, Madras.
NGOs already working in the field of community health work in Tamil Nadu offer a parallel support system to their respective communities. Our aim was to reach out to the general public especially in rural areas and to create an awareness about HIV/AIDS. STRATEGY: Instead of NGOs being established to handl
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-5)
Oetomo D, Rianto JJ; Gaya Nusantara/Hotline Surya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Working with mainstream AIDS NGOs has proven beneficial to gay support groups in several locations in Indonesia . The success story of the partnership of Gaya Nusantara, a gay group, and Hotline Surya, an AIDS NGO, will be told. It is necessary to reach out to gay communities in other locations in Indonesia. This means
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-4)
Doms U, Vorhagen W;
In May 1986 the first meeting of people living with HIV was held at the Free Conference House Waldschlosschen near Gottingen, initiated by persons affected. The response to the meeting was remarkable. For the first time in their lives many of the participants experienced a community of solidarity, where they could spea
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-3)
Kabanda M, Coghlan A, Mulindwa-Sempungu S, Katende M, Musungu M;
ISSUE ADDRESSED: Because of the heterosexual nature of HIV transmission, high prevalence rates and limited resources in Uganda , communities must be more involved in designing and implementing HIV/AIDS prevention programmes. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: In 1990 The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) began the Community Initiativ
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-2)
Botting A, Paveling LA, Wushke R; AIDS Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
In the province of Saskatchewan, Canada (pop. 1,000,000) one-fifth of HIV/AIDS patients are in rural areas. Many persons with AIDS return from urban areas to communities of origin for care and support. Since November, 1991, AIDS Saskatoon, a community-based organization serving central and northern Saskatchewan, has wo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:117 (abstract no. WS-D14-1)
Thepjak P, Chiu J, Harbison J, Marksuk S, Chaisiri N, Sripanich R; ACT Center, Chiang Mai.
NT is an area of high HIV prevalence. Community efforts along with government programs are needed to slow the epidemic. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: The Chiang Mai AIDS Counselling and Training (ACT) Center opened in 7/91 to provide: 1) public AIDS education (AE); 2) Anonymous HIV counselling and testing; 3)
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-6)
Bristow K, Apostolesu S, McCreery R; AIDS Care, Education & Training (ACET), London, UK.
Interagency partnerships at the level of national government, UN agencies and international NGOs are essential for HIV/AIDS prevention strategies in Eastern and Central Europe. DESCRIPTION OF PARTNERSHIP: The partnership formed in June 1991 between the Romanian Government, UNICEF and ACET successfully establishe
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-5)
Pinzon A, Velandia M; PATH seconded to AIDSCAP/Family Health International, Arlington, VA.
To demonstrate that alternative, interpersonal and participatory communication among peers can initiate an educational process that fosters behavioral change in target populations. Target populations are not used simply to validate materials but to establish messages and informational contents generated from
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-4)
Macher A, Rivo M, Mullan F; Division of Medicine, Bureau of Health Professions, HRSA, USPHS, Rockville, MD.
Educating and updating primary care providers of diverse disciplines and ethnicity, in both rural and metropolitan communities, about HIV disease and its related complications is a formidable challenge to our complex and scattered health care system. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: The USPHS is funding a major nationwid
From July 1989, the Chikankata AIDS Care and Prevention Department has been conducting a five-day seminar each month. The seminar is primarily for health professionals and others from within Zambia and the region who are currently involved in or need to start AIDS care and prevention programs. The seminar provides an i
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-2)
Manci M, Zokwe B, Dupree JD, Green EC; Traditional Doctors AIDS Project, South Africa.
Recent local studies confirm 80+% of South Africa s black population see traditional healers. It is essential to recruit them into AIDS prevention in their practices, as well as into the training of other healers. METHOD: Five national healers organizations consulted by AIDSCOM/AIDSCAP sent an equal number
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:116 (abstract no. WS-D13-1)
Berger P, Rachlis AR, Peter AM, Hettiarachchi D, Klein A; University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Of the more than 6,500 registered primary care physicians in Ontario, Canada , approximately 40% of all HIV patients are cared for by a group of only 38 physicians in Metro Toronto. In an attempt to address this problem, the HIV Project Centre Primary Care Mentor Program was established as a means of pro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-6)
Golz J;
Current demand exceeds the availability of chemical dependency treatment in Germany . Only 4% of IDU s hold a place in longterm abstinence therapy, of which 25% remain abstinent after treatment. Only about one percent of IDU s stay off drugs without therapeutical interventions. Methadone or DHC (dihydrocodeine) substit
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-5)
Chen D, Lurie P, Bowser B, Kahn JG, Sorensen J, Jones TS; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco.
To assess the public health impact and sociopolitical contexts of NEPs in the United States and Canada . APPROACH: Sixteen research questions, including descriptions of NEPs, populations reached, community responses, and effects on behavior and disease rates, were identified and addressed with a three-pronge
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-4)
Beaumont WJ, de Jongh-Wieth FE, Slijngard WE, van der Boor A, van Kleef R, de Wildt GR; City Health Department, The Hague, Netherlands.
An outreach City Health team provides needle-exchange and health education to IVDU s who are not in contact with the regular health services. In 1991, during 500 visits to private homes and visits to areas where male and female prostitutes are permitted to solicit, 100,000 needles and syringes as well as 40,000 condoms
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-3)
Toupik A, Broussais P, Javanni J, DeGuay JP; A.P.A.R.T.S., Paris, France.
Compare modes of organisation, activity and impact of around 30 drug users self-help groups engaged in AIDS prevention. 1) Histopathic observations; 2) 90 semi-directive interviews; 3) Analysis of written and audio-visual material produced or used by group studies; 4) Interactive evaluation with 12
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-2)
Fichtner RR, Carson DP, Covington SE; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a prenatal service- and team-based outreach program in averting adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birthweight and the effects of STDs and drug use, in an urban population of known substance abusers. Project Prevent is a model service program designed to lesse
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:115 (abstract no. WS-D12-1)
Genser SG, Schlenger W; Natl Inst on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD.
To specify effective models for identifying and delivering medical care and drug abuse treatment to drug abusers at high risk for HIV. Data collected from 21 service delivery demonstration projects located in 19 cities and 15 states across the USA, serving at-risk drug abusers who, initially, seek e
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-6)
Schaller G; University Institute of Legal Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
The 1987 W.H.O. statement on prevention of AIDS in prison has recently been updated, in the form of guidelines , by a consultation in which developing countries were well represented. The 1992 recommendations address the problems of developing countries more directly: Adequate material and resources must be available t
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-5)
Oh MK, Berman S, Pass RF, Cloud GA, Fleenor M; University of Alabama, Birmingham.
Detained adolescents are at risk for many social, emotional and medical problems. This study was undertaken to assess STD risk of detained female adolescents in a U.S. city. Sexual behavior and STDs were assessed in 163 (age 15.1 +/- 1.3, range 11-18; 64% black) sexually active girls admitted to a youth center. Each de
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-4)
Bustos P, Arredondo A, Child R; Comision Nacional de SIDA, Minsal.
There are 180 penitentiary units in the country, with approximately 21,000 prisoners. 80% inmate population is younger than 30 years and over 95% male. No national mandatory screening policy has been established. HIV testing is voluntary for chilean inmates, so refusing is a known discrimination factor for oth
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-3)
Barberis D;
In 1987, the Federal Penitentiary Service conducted massive testings in prisons of B.A. ( Argentina ). They selected 400 individuals and 17% of such cases tested positive. These people living with HIV are left with no protection at all, due to the lack of penitentiary policies as regards the HIV/AIDS issue.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-2)
Monarca R, Starnini G, Lepri F, Caterini A; Penitentiary of Viterbo S. Sani Penitentiary of Ancona, Italy.
The dilapidated conditions of most Italian prisons and the high percentage of HIV infected drug-addicts and prostitutes among the inmates make the control of the diffusion of the infection very difficult. Recent legislations (1990) have entrusted the Prison Administrations with new important duties which attempt to mak
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:114 (abstract no. WS-D11-1)
Mahon N, Machon S; Correctional Association of New York, New York 10003.
Correctional officials conservatively estimate 17.8% of the 63,000 inmates in New York State prisons are living with HIV, while prison advocates and prisoners themselves place the number between 50 and 80%. Despite these alarmingly high seroprevalence rates, HIV education remains largely unavailable and unrespon
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-6)
Longo PH; Nucleo de Orientacao em Saude Social (NOSS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
As the concept of PEER EDUCATION has been widely discussed, present other education activities more effective for the target group than the simple relationship among peers/Provide recommendations for PEER EDUCATORS training based in the 4 years experience of Programa Pegacao , a program for male prostitutes
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-5)
Chongvatana N, van Griensven G, Nartoratarn C, Likhityingvara C, Ngaokaew S, Absornthanasombat T; Department of Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
To identify demographic and behavioral factors related to condom use among female CSW s in Thailand . During a cross sectional survey in May 1992, interviews were taken from 1,012 female CSW s sampled from direct (brothel) and indirect (bar, club, etc.) types of establishments in Northern (Chiang Ma
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-4)
Tchupo JP, Manchester T, Monny Lobe M, Buschel R; Population Services International/Cameroon (PSI).
Increase condom usage rate by prostitutes and their clients. Recruitment of prostitute leaders in Yaounde, Douala, and Ebolowa. Training in counseling, communication and marketing techniques. Educational discussions, plays and condom sales in places frequented by prostitutes and their clients. RESU
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-3)
Oostvogels R, Karamade A; Bombay Municipal Corporation.
To provide the authorities concerned with an ethnographic picture of the situation in Kamathipura and Khetwadi red light areas. The ethnographic picture of the situation allows develop questionnaires for a structured survey. On the basis of data collected, strategies and plan for intervention aimed at preven
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-2)
Kleiber D, Wilke M; Psychology Departement, Free University of Berlin, FRG.
Sex-tourists are regarded as a high-risk group for the international spread of HIV. Little is known, however, about their actual sexual behaviour and about suitable preventive measures. In a study supported by the German Ministry of Health (BMG), German tourists, who had sexual contact with the local popula
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:113 (abstract no. WS-D10-1)
Wong ML, Archibald C, Roy KW, Chan C, Goh A, Goh CL, Tan TC; Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore.
A previous study found prostitutes in Singapore to succeed only half the time in getting clients to use condoms. Condom use negotiation is a complex communication activity that is influenced by clients characteristics, prostitutes self-efficacy and negotiation capabilities as well as socio-environmental
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-6)
Burrows D, Price C; AIDS Association, Sydney, Australia.
An HIV explosion has occurred among injecting drug users (IDUs) in many countries in the developed and developing world. The paper describes peer education programmes currently under way in Baltimore (where around 25% of the city s 40,000 IDUs are HIV-positive) and Sydney (with about 5% of its 60,000 IDUs HIV-positive)
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-5)
Dobler-Mikola A, Zimmer Hofler D, Uchtenhagen A; Socialpsychiatric Service, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Since the late eighties there has been increasing proportion of AIDS cases linked to intravenous drug use. HIV-infection among addicts, however, does not seem to be a result of i.v.-drug use per se but there is some evidence that psychosocial and behavioral characteristics are important intervening factors in the sprea
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-4)
Agnoletto V, Tradati C, Ceserani N, Capra E, Andolina P, Lesmo C; L.I.L.A., Milano, Italia.
PRINCIPLE Modification of risk behaviors which can lead to the acquisition of HIV and HBV among drug users not in contact with other health services in San Giuliano, a suburb of Milan. METHODOLOGY: Using a mobile unit, drug users were contacted and given the opportunity to access counselling service as well
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-3)
Des Jarlais DC, Choopanya K, Frischer M, Lima E, Friedmann P, Friedman SR; Beth Israel Med. Center, NYC.
To compare risk reduction processes among injecting drug users in different cultures. For all of the cities included in the analysis, risk reduction by IDUs has led to reduced rates of HIV infection. A WHO developed questionnaire was administered to samples of injecting drug users in Bangkok,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:112 (abstract no. WS-D09-2)
O'Brien M, Murray J, Wiebel W; Dept of Epid/Bio, Univ of Ill., Chicago.
Risk for HIV in residential samples from 3 Chicago inner-city neighborhoods was studied. Neighborhoods were selected for study because of their high concentrations of street IDU. HIV seroprevalence among IDU in these neighborhoods followed since 1988 is approximately 30%. Non-IDU residents of these areas are considered
To compare sexual practices, drug use and HIV-antibody status among behaviorally bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual men intercepted on the street in three U.S. cities. During 11/91-9/92 in Dallas, Denver and Long Beach (CA), repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted at street locations ide
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-6)
Mackie B, Spina A; AIDS Council of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
To provide safe sex HIV/AIDS education to young men (under the age of 26 years) who have sex with men, in the Sydney, NSW, metropolitan area. The project is designed to bring about behavioural changes within the target group, supporting them in practicing and maintaining safe sexual practices. METHOD: This
Data is from anonymous interviews with 467 men (219 White [W] and 248 African-American [AA]) who reported sex with both a male and a female in the past three years. Recruitment methods included print ads (29%), snowballing (19%), and outreach workers in the community (34%) and in straight and gay bars (18%). Research q
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-4)
Caceres C, Rosasco A; Asoc. VIA LIBRE, Lima, Peru.
To evaluate an HIV/STD prevention program targeting non-gay identified homosexually active men. Based on a needs assessment, a 3.5 hour workshop was designed to improve HIV/STD risk perception, increase motivation and skills to prevent HIV/STD, and develop solidarity toward PWHIV. Varied methodology
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-3)
Oostvogels R, Kantharaj K, Radhakrishnan KM, Menon S; STD Institute, Madras, India.
To provide authorities concerned with the data necessary for designing the strategies for prevention of HIV transmission in the circuits of men who have sex with men and transsexuals in Madras. METHODOLOGY: The main method of research was participant observation. A team of researchers from among the high ris
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-2)
Bartos M, McLeod J, Nott P; Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Canberra.
In 1992 the Australian Department of Health commissioned a research project on the educational needs of men who have sex with men who do not identify with the gay community. The research was designed to inform the second stage of an educational campaign, the first stage of which had targeted gay and bisexual men. The p
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:111 (abstract no. WS-D08-1)
Lynch F, Taylor J, Spyrou K, Faisal J, Joe T, Eisenstadt K; MESMAC Project, Health Education Authority, London, UK.
OBJECTIVES. MESMAC is a three year pilot project funded by the Government Health Education Authority and based at four different sites in England. METHODS. The project works with men who have sex with men (MWHSWM) to a community development methodology. Each site has a different target group: Black MWHSWM, MWHSWM under
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-6)
Davies PM, Weatherburn P, Hickson FC; Project SIGMA, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K.
To suggest new avenues for research relative to the design of interventions for gay and bisexual men. Meta-analysis of existing and current research. RESULTS: The second decade of AIDS has begun with a stagnation of scientific understanding of unsafe sexual behaviour among gay and bisexual men. The
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-5)
Bochow M, Dubois-Arber F, Schiltz MA; University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
To compare the sexual behaviour and the risk reduction strategies of gay and bisexual men in 8 european countries. A questionnaire including 44 core questions for all 8 particip. countries was circulated mainly in gay journals in summer and autumn 1991 in A, CH, D, DK, F, GB, I, NL. As of February
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-4)
Coxon AP; Project SIGMA, Univ of Essex, Colchester, U.K.
To report and compare preliminary findings from 7 national sites collaborating in WHO/GPA Homosexual Response Studies. The sites are: Israel , England & Wales, Austria , Netherlands , Greece ,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-3)
Ekstrand ML, Stall R, McKusick L, Kegeles S, Hoff C, Catania J, Coates T; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, (CAPS) UCSF.
To examine rates and psychosocial correlates of unsafe sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men in two cities (Portland, OR, Tucson, AZ) outside the major U.S. AIDS epicenters. To examine whether these rates and correlates differed among community-based and bar samples in these cities. METHOD: Gay men in b
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-2)
Myers T, Godin G, Calzavara LM, Lambert J, Locker D; University of Toronto, ON., Canada.
To examine the association between sexual risk behaviour, behaviour change and sexual satisfaction among gay and bisexual men. METHOD: 4,803 gay and bisexual men were recruited though gay-identified venues, in 35 cities across Canada and completed a questionnaire concerning sexual behaviour. A subset of 2,37
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:110 (abstract no. WS-D07-1)
Crawford J, Rodden P, Kippax S; National Centre in HIV Social Research (MU) Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
To investigate sexual practices of bisexually active men and the responses of these men to HIV/AIDS compared with those of men who have sex only with men. METHOD: A large national telephone survey of men who had sex with men was conducted in mid 1992. 2,583 men were interviewed on sexual practices and their contex
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-6)
[No authors listed];
The theme of my paper is on how the poor socio-economic standing of Aboriginal Australians has and continues to impact upon our assessing viral treatments, culturally appropriate support programmes and hinders preventative education, all factors in prolonging life. It is no secret Aboriginal people in Australia are amo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-5)
Jirakun A, Brown K, Vickery L, Chumui D, Pornsakunpaisan K, Harbison J; Health Project for Tribal People, Thailand.
a) AIDS is spreading rapidly in NT where > 70% of EM reside; b) EM have not been reached by existing Thai AE programs due to cultural differences and suspicion of outsiders; c) lack of AE materials relevant to EM. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: EM representatives without previous experience in AIDS intervention
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-4)
Caride C; Taller Permanente de la Mujer-Buenos Aires, Argentina.
We ll talk about workshops made with indigenous peasant women in Northwest Argentinian Andean border. They were about the links between AIDS and women s sexuality. Indigenous women are not prepared to prevent AIDS and their own knowledge and beliefs about sexuality play against their possibility to avoid it. Workshops
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-3)
Rekart ML; B.C. Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVE--To raise the level of AIDS awareness among urban aboriginals and to prevent HIV spread in this population. METHOD--To encourage and support urban aboriginal leaders and workers to come together to develop their own strategy for AIDS education and prevention. RESULTS--An urban aboriginal umbrella organization
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:109 (abstract no. WS-D06-1)
Lidot T; Indian Health Council, Inc.
Psycho-social stressors, self-esteem and self image and their affect on the quality of life for individuals living with HIV/AIDS; lack of integration and balance of mental, spiritual, emotional and physical components of self. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Indian Health council, Inc., HIV/AIDS Prevention Educa
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-6)
Andrews S, Williams A; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
To describe the relationship between HIV-1 infected mothers and their dependent children. Content analysis of in-depth interviews with 50 HIV-1 infected mothers in New Haven, Connecticut. RESULTS: Mean age: 30.5 years. Race: White, 13/50 (26%); Black, 20/50 (56%); Latino, 8/50 (16%); other, 1/50 (2%
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-5)
Savelyeva IV, Savelyeva MV, Gardner KJ; Int. Center for Better Health, Moscow, Russia.
Women represent over two-thirds of officially registered adult HIV/AIDS cases in Russia , and over half of those infected through heterosexual contact. To investigate the reasons why women in Russia are disproportionately infected with HIV, and suggest an appropriate prevention and education campai
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-4)
McCarthy KH, Norman SG, Studd JW, Johnson MA; Royal Free Hospital & School of Medicine, London, England, U.K.
METHOD: A questionnaire was completed at initial gynaecological assessment. RESULTS: 66 HIV+ female mean age 30 yrs: 43 had a male partner & 34 had informed their partner they were HIV+. HIV status was known for 29 females (14 HIV+, 15 HIV-). 21 females reported a deterioration in the relationship since diagnosis,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-3)
Elfriede S, Leopold B; Sozial Paedagogisches Institut Berlin, FRG.
8.8% of all AIDS-cases registered in the FRG since 1982 (including December 1992) are women, (total number: 810 women among 8,395 cases). Nearly 50% of these women were infected through i.v. drug abuse, nevertheless heterosexual transmission cannot be excluded. Heterosexual HIV-infections among women are increasing (ne
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:108 (abstract no. WS-D05-2)
Bellucci S, Hayashi R, Hebling E; Centro Corsini, Campinas-SP, Brazilian.
Bring up responsible self protecting attitudes against HIV contamination and supporting social response towards HIV seropositive persons. FOCUS GROUP: Poor women in 7 day-care centers in the fringe of Campinas a 900,000 inhabitants industrial city, 100 km from S. Paulo, Brazil . PROJECT: A core team of 1
To assess risk perception, attitudes, psychological and socio-cultural support systems that women partner s of men with AIDS have, and use this as a basis of development of an appropriate health education intervention. Women partner s of men admitted with AIDS on a medical ward, Mulago hospital Kam
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-6)
Balas MN, Facy F, Espinoza P; Service des Urgences Hotel Dieu Paris.
To analyse the prevalence of risk factors and HIV seropositivity in a population of 1009 women entering 12 prisons, 3 of which are in Paris metropolitan area (Ile de France ) and 9 regional site. The population studied represents 25% of the annual flow of women entering French prisons. RESULTS: Preliminary
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-5)
[No authors listed];
In the last few years it has been noticed a great move towards the thematic women/AIDS verified by the spread of information therefore the real actions towards this segment seems to fail in avoiding the epidemics development. Innovated actions to an effective prevention against AIDS is urgent regarding this context. Th
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-4)
Weiss SH, Vaughn A, Reyelt C, Mayur RK, Klein CW, Altman R; UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
Examine prevalence of behavioral risk factors in women from 2 high HIV prevalence U.S. cities, and the associations with HIV & other STD. 115 women were enrolled, examined and interviewed from a community health center (66), AIDS clinic (25) and drug treatment center (24). RESULTS: 57.4% (66/11
Our research compared three AIDS education interventions: peer group, health promoter, materials only interventions. Current conclusions suggest that peer group education is most effective because of the continuing face-to-face communication between peer group members and leaders during working hours, because peer lead
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-2)
Kambon A; National AIDS Programme, Trinidad.
Women in rural areas of Trinidad and Tobago although knowledgeable about HIV transmission are slow to adopt risk reduction behaviours. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: 765 rural women from 18 village groups throughout Trinidad and Tobago were exposed to education and mot
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:107 (abstract no. WS-D04-1)
Mmari FJ; Medical Aid Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
To investigate why most young women with sufficient knowledge and information about the dangers of HIV infections have several sexual partners and practise unprotected sex. Through self administered questionnaire, 2000 women under 35 years living in Tanzania were interviewed under the following cla
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-6)
Isaksson A, Dhillon H, Sherry J, Sykes O, Baldo M, Jones J; UNESCO/Paris.
This presentation identifies new initiatives in support of school health education about AIDS and the prevention of HIV, STD and other important health problems. It identifies actions that might be taken by international, national and community-based organizations to: 1) advocate for such education, 2) mobilize support
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-5)
Hachmann M, Jansen-Rosseck R; Senate of Berlin, Department of Health, Germany.
The Berlin Schoolworker Programme , an external AIDS prevention programme for inside school use, reached more than 120,000 pupils as well as parents and teachers by personal communication contacts within a period of 4 1/2 years. Based on these experiences, which were backed up by the results of accompanying scientific
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-4)
Silin J; Bank Street College of Education, New York, NY 10025.
Increasingly children below the age of eight will need HIV/AIDS education. By the end of the decade, one million children will be orphaned world wide. Those who do not experience the disease through the loss of family or friends, will learn about it from older siblings, more knowledgeable peers and the m
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-3)
Rogers SJ, Birenbaum A, Marsh N; New York State Education Department.
Thirteen focus group interviews were conducted with 150 high school students throughout New York State to determine how teenagers learn about HIV/AIDS, what information students want from an educational program, and how schools can deliver it more effectively. Findings revealed that teenagers learned about HIV/AIDS pri
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-2)
[No authors listed];
A number of studies on adolescents and the prevention of AIDS have been carried out from psycho-sociological and behavioral points of view, but little attention has been awarded to the AIDS prevention from a semio-linguistic point of view and in respect to the questions on communication and language that it raises. Thr
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:106 (abstract no. WS-D03-1)
Rosenthal D, Moore S; Centre for the Study of Sexually Transmissible Diseases, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
In spite of concerted efforts by HIV/AIDS educators, adolescents have been slow to change their unsafe sexual practices. Use of condoms by many young people is still limited or non-existent, especially with partners considered to be regular or long-term. Australian studies of 16- and 18-year-olds have shown that safer
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-6)
Aplasca M, Monzon O, Santana R, Mandel J, Siegel D, Hearst N; Department of Health Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Metro Manila, Philippines.
In the absence of school-based AIDS education programs in the Philippines , AIDS information among high school students comes primarily from television and health care providers. This has resulted in high levels of knowledge, but continued behaviors that place adolescents at risk of HIV infection. DESCRI
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-5)
Luque R; La Casa (The House) Programme, Bogota D.C., Columbia.
As a Non Governmental Organization, LA CASA Programme received financial support from a private foundation to develop an educational project in order to introduce the AIDS prevention into the existing health curriculum. The training was addressed to 80 teachers and counselors from 40 public schools so they could elabor
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-4)
Hasan M, Owida M, Abdelghaffar S, Farag A; Arab International Center for Fighting against AIDS (AICFA), Cairo, Egypt.
Development, implementation & evaluation of effectiveness of an educational program on AIDS & SEX education in some secondary schools in Egypt . DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Our center achieved a complex educational program and evaluation research on its effectiveness that was carried out in 15 second
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-3)
Klepp KI, Ndeki S, Irema A, Msya M, Lyimo BA, Seha AM; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.
A school-based AIDS program designed to increase students awareness and knowledge regarding AIDS, and to strengthen attitudes and social norms discouraging early sexual behavior, was implemented in Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions. A written survey was administered to all students participating in the program and to stud
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-2)
Lunin I, Hall T, Hearst N; AIDS Prevention Service, S.-Peterburg, Russia.
Small behavioral changes in sexually active people shows low efficiency of many prevention measures (esp. of sexual education). Description of the project: AIDS prevention measures could be more successfully realised in the frames of proposed emotional cognitive embryogenetic model of sexual education. I
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:105 (abstract no. WS-D02-1)
Gamesh V, Chamdhok K, Kumar S, Saraswathi S;
Adolescents in schools and colleges are vulnerable groups. Madras, an epicentre of AIDS in India needs immediate attention. It is not enough to merely give information. Our programmes particularly include the self empowerment and collective action approach. To empower the students to adopt a heal
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:104 (abstract no. WS-D01-6)
[No authors listed];
To investigate the role of communication in sexual and social relationships and its implications for AIDS prevention. METHOD: In 1992, a telephone questionnaire lasting 15 mn, designed to measure the frequence of homo/bisexual intercourse, intercourse with prostitutes over the past 5 years, multiple partners
To monitor condom use in the Dutch general population, non monogamous respondents and respondents between 15-20 year. Since 1987, twice a year, approximately 1000 respondents (15-45 year) are interviewed by telephone. To assess developments, data were analyzed with trend analysis. RESULTS: After 5 y
OBJECTIVES. To evaluate the impact of health education on the frequency of condom use in a high HIV prevalence rural Ugandan district. METHODS. In 1988 the Rakai Project established a community based general population cohort to study the dynamics of HIV infection and to evaluate the effect of health education in the d
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:104 (abstract no. WS-D01-3)
Calvet E, Santos de Lima I, Piedade da Silva I, Silveira Felix S, Szterenfeld C, Peterson C; Instituto de Estudos da Religiao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
A previous study (see Amsterdam, PoC4183) indicated that the two main motives for non-use of condoms in commercial sexual relations were a relationship of trust between FSW and known clients and refusal by clients. Consultation with target public through 13 health agents recruited from FSW revealed a felt need
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:104 (abstract no. WS-D01-2)
Izazola-Licca JA, Sanchez-Perez HJ, Basanez-Arriola RA, Tolbert K; Dept of Research, National AIDS Council, Mexico.
OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of HIV-risky sexual behavior among adult males (15-60 yo) in Mexico City, Mexico. METHODS--A random household survey, based on the 1990 census, is currently under way. A total of 13,333 households will be included in the sampling frame. Face to face interviews were performed in tw
AIDS prevention efforts have not singled out heterosexual men to take responsibility for their action even if most often they seem to be in control over negotiation for safe sex with their female partners. Late last year, the Condoms Fight AIDS campaign targeted at heterosexual men was launched in three major key citie
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:84 (abstract no. WS-CO3-6)
Daan M, Kamali A, Nakyinge J, Nunn AJ, Wagner HU, Kengeya-Kayondo JF; MRC (UK) Programme on AIDS, Uganda, Entebbe.
To determine HIV-1 association age-, sex- and excess mortality rates in a rural population cohort in Uganda . METHOD: The cohort includes the population (de jure census 9,950) of a cluster of 15 villages in Masaka District, S-W Uganda, and was enrolled in 1989-90 through a demographic and medical survey. The
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:83 (abstract no. WS-CO2-5)
St. Louis ME, Brown C, Kamenga M, Manzila T, Batter V, Heyward WL; Division of HIV/AIDS, NCID, CDC, Atlanta, GA.
To evaluate immunologic adn virologic characteristics of women who transmit HIV-1 perinatally vs. women who do not transmit. METHODS. Near delivery, 324 HIV-infected women in Kinshasa were tested for CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, adn quantitative p24 antigen. HIV-infected children were identified by culture, PC
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:103 (abstract no. WS-C22-6)
Hira S, Sunkutu R; Uniformed Serv Univ Health Sciences, Bethesda.
ISSUE. STD are major public health problem in Zambia . In 1980, upto 10% of outpatient attendances were related to STD. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION. The Zambian Ministry of Health launched the national STD Control Program in 1980 with the following 1. to improve STD management through specialized STD clinics which
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:103 (abstract no. WS-C22-5)
Betts C, Zacarias F; STD/HIV Control Program, PAHO/WHO, Washington, D.C.
Given the synergism between HIV and other STDs, surveillance of STDs must provide program and policy decision makers with needed information for developing effective STD/HIV prevention strategies. After a report published in 1981, little information on STDs, other than HIV/AIDS, has been analyzed on a regional basis in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:103 (abstract no. WS-C22-4)
Haustein UF, Pfeil B; Dept. of Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
1380 patients with syphilis were observed at our Department in West Saxonia of Germany , with 1.4 mill. population from 1983 to 1991. The incidence of syphilis has increased gradually from 1983 to 1989, but decreased between 1990 to 1991. The number of recent infectious syphilis cases was almost twice as high as latent
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:103 (abstract no. WS-C22-3)
Frederick W, Delapenha R, Leverette C, Peters B, Prout J, Greaves W; Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC.
Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, education programs have emphasized safe sex practices as an important element in HIV prevention and one way of curtailing the spread of HIV. Among some groups safe sex practices may have been responsible for the decline in AIDS and other STDs which often coexist with HIV infect
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:103 (abstract no. WS-C22-2)
Skripkin J, Akovbyan V, Yatzuha M; Dept. of STD, Central Inst. of Skin and Venereology Diseases, Moscow, Russia.
The incidence of syphilis in Russia declined from a peak in 1978 until 1988 (from 27.7 to 4.3 cases per 100,000 persons) before increasing each of the next years. Incidence increased 67% from 1988 to 1991 (7.2 cases per 100,000). The increase was largest for the North Caucasian region (from 9.3 to 20.0) and cities ofte
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:103 (abstract no. WS-C22-1)
Goulet V, Broudic I, Pinget R, Meyer L; Reseau National de Sante Publique, Hosp. St Maurice, France.
A study was performed among a national sample of 1/7 of the 4193 microbiological French laboratories. They were asked how many gonococcal infections they have diagnosed during the year 1991. The response rate among the 599 which were sampled was 88%. A mean of 1.82 [1.51-2.13] male gonococcal isolates was declared. For
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:102 (abstract no. WS-C21-6)
Nath LM, Chowdhury S; NGO AIDS Cell, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
It is the very rare grass roots NGO that has the technical ability to monitor and evaluate its own programmes and projects. Yet without effective monitoring rational midcourse correction is not possible, and without proper evaluation other people can not draw upon the results and experience. The NGO AIDS Cell was set u
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:102 (abstract no. WS-C21-5)
Quinn EA, Ramos LJ, Martinez M, Fischbach L, Dent C; Department of Family Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
This project developed an economical, easily reproduced, and culturally specific method of creating illustrated educational materials for the prevention of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases for Latina women in Los Angeles County. A participatory model, based on the educational theories of functional literacy
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:102 (abstract no. WS-C21-4)
Hanenberg R, Benjarattanapron P, Mugrditchian D;
To attempt to corroborate high reported condom use by workers at commercial sex establishments by review of STD incidence rates from the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) clinics. Condom use was reported as 84% in 1992 which was increased from 14% in 1989. Unpublished STD statistics from the MOPH wer
HIV/AIDS prevention programmes directed towards three of the largest of Switzerland s foreign populations were monitored during their first year of operation. Coordinated by the Federal Public Health Office, three collaborators worked through an NGO AIDS Foundation with Spanish, Portuguese, and Turkish communities. Aft
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:102 (abstract no. WS-C21-2)
van Ameijden EJ, van den Hoek JA, Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE AND To study trends in injecting (risk) behavior from 1986 to 1992. Of 973 DUs participating in a cohort study in Amsterdam, we selected 616 intake visits of DUs who injected in the 6 months preceding intake ( 86:n = 182; 87:n = 137; 88:n = 106; 89/90:n = 125; 90/91:n = 66). RESULTS: The behaviors of
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:102 (abstract no. WS-C21-1)
Kamb M, MacGowan R, Rhodes F, Kent C, Hoxworth T, Sweet D, Spitalny K; Project RESPECT; CDC, Atlanta.
For a randomized trial evaluating HIV prevention counseling, five urban STD clinics (Long Beach, San Francisco, Denver, Baltimore, Newark) are developing an HIV counseling intervention for STD patients. Sites conducted a series of 4- to 6-week pilot studies to develop one acceptable clinic-based, m
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:101 (abstract no. WS-C20-6)
Heyward W, Osmanov S, Heymann D, Esparza J; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
To assess existing cohorts for potential HIV vaccine trials in developing countries, especially in the four countries with WHO-sponsored National Plans for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Research, Development and Evaluation ( Brazil , Rwanda , Thailand , and
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:101 (abstract no. WS-C20-5)
Halloran E, Longini I, Struchiner C, Haber M, Brunet R; Emory School of Public Health, Atlanta.
To estimate the bias in prophylactic HIV vaccine efficacy (VE) estimates when vaccinated people increase their exposure to infection. Simulations are conducted for blinded and unblinded VE trials with different levels and distributions of behavior change and protection against infection. VE estimat
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:101 (abstract no. WS-C20-4)
Mannor M, Wolfe H, Des Jarlais D, Krasinski K, Maslansky R, Simberkoff M; New York Univ. School of Med., NY.
(1) To recruit and follow at 3-monthly intervals 500 high-risk HIV-negative (HIV-) subjects who, in the previous 6 months, reported injected drug use or sex with an IDU; (2) to assess seroconversion, and (3) to assess factors affecting recruitment, retention, and interest in participating in preventive vacc
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:101 (abstract no. WS-C20-3)
Virochsiri K, Temoshok LR, Nitayaphan S, Sukhawarn C, Chinaworapong S, Carr J; Royal Thai Army Medical Department, Bangkok.
In preparation for expected testing of prophylactic HIV vaccines, it is critical to understand whether and why different potential communities might want to participate in such trials, and the anticipated behavioral side effects of participation. A questionnaire to assess possible health-related, s
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:101 (abstract no. WS-C20-2)
Lurie P, Fernandes ME, Bennett A, Koetsawang S, Coates TJ; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco.
Several investigators are preparing to conduct efficacy trials of HIV vaccines in the developing world. Failure to adequately address the unique ethical, behavioral, and social issues that surround vaccine testing in that setting will jeopardize the success of these trials and future AIDS research in the host na
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:101 (abstract no. WS-C20-1)
Esparza J, Osmanov S, Heymann D; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
To assist national authorities and scientists in developing countries to strengthen the infrastructure that will be required for the conduct of vaccine trials with the highest ethical and scientific standards. WHO-sponsored National Plans for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Research, Development and Evaluation we
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:100 (abstract no. WS-C19-6)
Uche CO, Anderson RM; Dept. of Biology, Imperial College, London.
A mathematical model of the heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in Thailand is described and its properties discussed. Heterogeneity in sexual behaviour is incorporated by stratifying the two sexes into high and low activity classes. Model prediction on patterns of mixing between sexual activity classes, and how thes
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:100 (abstract no. WS-C19-5)
Koopman JS, Jacquez JA, Simon CP, Haber M; U. of Mich.
HIV infection onsets during the early epidemic show a rise and fall that is sharp in comparison with the changes in behavior. This difference is striking in the MACS data. A sharp peak in contagiousness during primary infection could explain the infection pattern. MACS and associated CCS data from
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:100 (abstract no. WS-C19-4)
Farewell VT, Aalen OO, DeAngelis D, Day NE; University of Waterloo.
Estimation of the rate of diagnosis of HIV infection in a population of HIV infected persons is considered based on AIDS case reports and associated times of first diagnosis of HIV infection. The incorporation of a model for HIV infection diagnosis into the usual backcalculation framework is described. The use of infor
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:100 (abstract no. WS-C19-3)
Mariotti S, Cascioli R; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
to compare two popular models for estimating and projecting HIV infection in a practical application to Italian AIDS data. The non-parametric Regression Decomposition (RD) model developed at Harvard by Pagano and co-workers is compared to the classical semi-parametric Backcalculation model proposed
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:100 (abstract no. WS-C19-2)
Nunez C, Hsu L, Zelaya JE, Sweat M, King TD, Forsythe S; National AIDS Control Program/MOH. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
To project the number of HIV infections, AIDS deaths, and related health impact of AIDS in Honduras through the year 2000. The first AIDS case was reported in Honduras in 1985. Since then, AIDS cases have risen steadily, numbering 2278 adult cases through November 1992. 82.2 per 100,000 adults
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:100 (abstract no. WS-C19-1)
Hendriks JC, Clark WS, Longini IM, Van Druten JA, Van Griensven GJ, Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
To estimate the distribution of progression to stages of immunological markers after HIV infection in a cohort of homo/bisexual men in Amsterdam. All homosexual men with two or more visits with immunological measurements, participating in a cohort study in Amsterdam since the end of 1984, were incl
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:99 (abstract no. WS-C18-6)
Onorato I, McCombs S, Morgan WM, McCray E; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA.
Since 1988, CDC has conducted unlinked (anonymous) surveys of HIV infection in newly diagnosed TB patients attending TB clinics. Cross-sectional HIV prevalence in TB patients at 20 clinics in 14 cities that conducted surveys in 1988-89 ranged from 0-46.3% (median 3.4%). In 1990, 24 TB clinics in 16 cities conducted sur
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:99 (abstract no. WS-C18-5)
Koch MA, Schwartlander B, Kirschner W; AIDS-Center, Federal Health Office, Berlin, FRG.
Blood donors are the largest segment of the population routinely and often repeatedly screened for HIV infection. Only little was known about sociodemography and frequency of risk behaviour in blood donors. This study was conducted to evaluate whether the available data on HIV infection in this population c
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:99 (abstract no. WS-C18-4)
Raboud JM, Schechter MT, Sherlock C, O'Shaughnessy MV; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
To compare costs, sensitivities and specificities of six alternative algorithms for seroprevalence studies. In two studies (N = 199,962 and N = 2,212), screen test positive samples were confirmed with immunoblot and radio immuno-precipitation assay (RIPA) as well as with Recombigen assay. In a third
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:99 (abstract no. WS-C18-3)
Robert J, Satten G, Petersen L; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
To estimate trends in incidence of recent HIV infection among communities served by U.S. acute care hospitals from 1988 through 1991. Blood specimens from patients (> 15 years old) with conditions not associated with HIV at 15 hospitals across the U.S. were tested anonymously for antibody to HIV-1.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:99 (abstract no. WS-C18-2)
Noone A;
A national programme of unlinked anonymous HIV surveys in sentinel groups has been developing in England and Wales since 1990. The public health applications of the results are already apparent: FOCUSING PREVENTION ACTIVITIES. Highest levels of infection are found in homo/bisexual men attending STD clinics in London (2
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:99 (abstract no. WS-C18-1)
Batter V, Nsuami M, Baangi M, Ryder R, St Louis M; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
HIV seroprevalence surveys in CBW are a commonly used surveillance technique. However, HIV prevalence in CBW is a function of HIV incidence, as well as of fertility and mortality effects of HIV infection. To estimate age-specific HIV incidence from serial seroprevalence studies in CBW in Kinshasa
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:98 (abstract no. WS-C17-6)
Bottiger M, Eriksson G, Blaxhult A; Dept of Epidemiology, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
In Sweden , with a population of 8.5 millions, testings for detection of HIV infected persons has been used as a tool for prevention. A prerequisite for the testings is counselling. Of interest for the epidemiologic prevention work is also the analyses of the testings. 1) Analyses of reports from
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:98 (abstract no. WS-C17-5)
Gertig D, Stevenson E, Breschkin A, Crofts N; Macfarlane Burnet Centre.
Data on new HIV infections are the key to monitoring the spread of the HIV epidemic. HIV testing laboratories are able to provide information on seroconverters and therefore data on incident infections. All HIV diagnoses are confirmed at the State Reference Laboratory (SRL) at Fairfield Hospital.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:98 (abstract no. WS-C17-4)
Carlos C, Seminario L, Reingold A, Escalante A; IEPO/UPCH, Lima, Peru.
To evaluate physicians ability to report HIV/AIDS cases to the AIDS Surveillance System in Peru (ASSP). Between January and April 1992, physicians of different specialties, potentially required to take care of HIV/AIDS cases in their institutions in Lima and five middle- and small-sized cities were
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:98 (abstract no. WS-C17-3)
Smith E, Rix BA; Dept. of Epidemiology, Statens Seruminst., Copenhagen, Denmark.
To present a newly developed national mandatory and anonymous HIV surveillance system and results. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since 1.8.1990 all HIV positive cases are mandatory reportable in Denmark . All labs doing confirmatory HIV tests must send a standardized form along with any HIV pos. answer to the request
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:98 (abstract no. WS-C17-2)
Fleming PL, Ward JW, Morgan MW, Buehler JW, Hu DJ; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA.
Compare characteristics of persons with HIV (not AIDS) to persons with AIDS. Of 24 states that require confidential (by name) reports of both HIV and AIDS, 22 have reported HIV data to CDC. We compared reports of HIV to AIDS for adults (> or = 13 years), for the periods in which both HIV and AIDS we
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:98 (abstract no. WS-C17-1)
Davis B, Whyte B, Kendrick S, Emslie J, Goldberg D; Communicable Diseases Unit, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland.
To utilise all available sources of information, including death registrations, to identify the mortality rate and causes of death in the HIV-positive population in Scotland. At the end of 1991 death had been recorded for 1.3% of entries in the Scottish HIV-positive Register. A rigorous search for
To determine the frequency and number of HIV tests in the German population and their relation to suspected risk behaviour. Representative survey (N = 14,000) of the adult German population (> 13 years) including a self administered questionnaire on sexual behaviour. RESULTS: Including blood donors
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:97 (abstract no. WS-C16-5)
Salame E, Luna M, Martinez BJ, Romero C, Palacios M, Garcia-Sancho C, Garcia ML, Sepulveda J; Ministry of Health, Mexico.
To determine association between specific psychological features and suicidal attempts or ideas among HIV test petitioners in Mexico , City. METHOD: HIV/AIDS precounseling was given to 1220 subjects who came to a mobile unit asking for HIV test. The following were evaluated. 1. Sociodemographic characteristi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:97 (abstract no. WS-C16-4)
Moore M, Tukwasiibwe E, Marum E, Taremwa C, O'Reilly K, Rosner L; CDC, Atlanta.
To evaluate the effectiveness of CT at the AIDS Information Centre (AIC) in Kampala, Uganda . Risk reduction behaviors were studied in 3000 AIC clients after pretest counseling (T1) and at 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months: no sexual activity (NSA), faithfulness (FAIT), and condom use with steady (CD/S) and
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:97 (abstract no. WS-C16-3)
Gerber AR, Valdiserri RO, Campbell C, Dillon B, West G; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
To examine changes in publicly funded HIV counseling and testing (CT) in the U.S. from 1990 to 1991. Each calendar quarter, health departments in 65 HIV prevention project areas from 50 states, the District of Columbia, six cities, and eight territories in the U.S., report data including the number
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:97 (abstract no. WS-C16-2)
Lurie P, Avins AL, Phillips KA, Kahn JG, Lowe RA, Franks P; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco.
To use decision analysis to assess the cost-effectiveness of a proposal by the US Centers for Disease Control to test hospital inpatients for HIV. Two outcomes of interest were specified: 1. cost per inpatient HIV infection detected; and 2. cost per health care worker HIV infection averted if health
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:97 (abstract no. WS-C16-1)
Pretet S, Berriau T, Birkui P, Helal H; CIDAG, DASES, City of Paris.
The objective of the anonymous and free HIV Information and Testing Centers (CIDAG) is to facilitate access to individualized information and a test. a survey on the evolution of the types of visitors, and an evaluation of behavioural changes, with a view to adapting prevention counseling. MATERIAL AND METHO
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:96 (abstract no. WS-C15-6)
Des Jarlais DC, Goldberg D, Tunving K, Wodak A, Hagan H, Friedman SR; Beth Israel Med. Center, NYC.
To describe prevention programming and risk behavior in cities where there has been minimal HIV spread among injecting drug users. In Glasgow, Scotland, Lund, Sweden , Sydney, Australia , and Tacoma, USA, HIV seroprevalence has remained low and stable for at least 4 years (
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:96 (abstract no. WS-C15-5)
Cooper JR, Haverkos HW; NIDA, Rockville, Md.
The unique effectiveness of methadone treatment in reducing intravenous opioid abuse and its potential effect on preventing the spread of AIDS is examined. Methadone treatment variables known to predict successful prevention efforts are identified. Evaluation studies by various authors and the WHO/
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:96 (abstract no. WS-C15-4)
Mezzelani P, Lugoboni F, Venturini L, Des Jarlais DC; Institute of Clinica Medica, University of Verona, Italy.
OBJECTIVE. To assess HIV seroconversions among injecting drug users in a hepatitis B vaccination program. METHODS. An HBV vaccination program was offered to 185 HBV and HIV negative injecting drug users attending the Center for Drug Addicts #26 of the Veneto Region of Italy . Among them 159 accepte
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:96 (abstract no. WS-C15-3)
Lurie P, Chen D, Kahn JG, Lane S, Guydish J, Jones TS; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco.
To conduct the first comprehensive, US government-funded study of NEPs in 13 cities in North America. 13 NEPs in the US and 5 in Canada were visited for approximately 3 days each; interviews and focus groups were conducted with over 200 individuals. The informants were NEP staff, drug users, public
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:96 (abstract no. WS-C15-2)
Wiebel W, Jimenez A, Johnson W, Ouellet L, Murray J, O'Brien M; Schl of Pub Health, Univ of IL, Chicago 60612.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a street-based intervention in changing IDU risk behavior and slowing seroconversion. In 1988, 641 injecting drug users (IDU) not in treatment were HIV-negative. They were followed through Fall 1992 as part of an on-going evaluation of the Indigenous Leader Outreach
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:96 (abstract no. WS-C15-1)
Xia M, Kreiss JK, Holmes KK; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle.
In mainland China , antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first detected in 1985. By the end of 1988, only three imported AIDS cases and 29 cases of asymptomatic HIV infection had been reported throughout China. In October 1989, nearly 100 HIV infections were detected among drug users undergoin
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:95 (abstract no. WS-C14-6)
[No authors listed];
An EC Concerted Action for monitoring HIV seroprevalence among STD patients has been launched in June 1990. Eighteen networks, situated in 17 European countries, are presently participating to the programme, contributing to the registration of more than 40,000 STD patients to date. Eligible STD diagnoses include male u
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:95 (abstract no. WS-C14-5)
O'Leary A, Celentano D, Maibach E, Weisman C, McCormack M, Raffaelli M; Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ.
OBJECTIVES. To describe HIV risk and preventive behaviors in STD clinic patients in Georgia, Maryland and New Jersey, and identify social cognitive predictors of consistent condom use. METHODS. 448 men and women aged 16-51 were interviewed in 1992. Predictors included age, gender, number of previous STDs, the CAGE alco
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:95 (abstract no. WS-C14-4)
Smith E, Worm AM; Dept. of Epidemiology, Statens Seruminst, Copenhagen, Denmark.
To look for trends in HIV test activity and prevalence among all STD clinic attenders in Denmark , especially with focus on risk behaviour. All STD clinic attenders in Denmark from 1.1.90 to 31.3.92. Data included: sexual orientation, risk behaviour, previous and actual HIV testing and results.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:95 (abstract no. WS-C14-3)
Cleghorn F, Jack N, Greenberg M, Murphy J, Bartholomew C, Blattner W; NCI/NIH, Bethesda.
Cross-sectional serosurveys for HIV-1 and HTLV-I were conducted at the main STD clinic in Port of Spain , Trinidad in 1987/88 (n = 2027) and in 1991/92 (n = 1664) using identical methodologies. HIV-1 seroprevalence has increased from 2.4% in 1987/88 to 14.7% in 1991/92, HTLV-I from 3.
To assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs which affect willingness to use condoms in STD Clinic patients. 200 Mulago Hospital STD Clinic patients underwent a questionnaire in Mar-May 1992. 6 single-gender focus groups were held by trained social scientists to assess validity of study results. RES
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:95 (abstract no. WS-C14-1)
McDonald A, Kaldor J; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia.
To describe the pattern of HIV testing and newly diagnosed HIV infection among people seen at public sexually transmissible disease (STD) clinics in Australia . Each quarter, six participating STD clinics forwarded to the national HIV surveillance centre tabulations of the number of people seen, the
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:94 (abstract no. WS-C13-6)
Sweeney PA, Lindegren ML, Janssen R, Buehler J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
To describe risk factors for and the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in adolescents in different types of clinical settings. Blinded seroprevalence surveys were conducted in clinical settings in 24 cities where blood is routinely collected, including general adolescent clinics (GAC) (i.e., school, com
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:94 (abstract no. WS-C13-5)
Elise R, Frappier JY, Nadeau D, Girard M, Morin DA, Morin DH; Centre for AIDS Studies, Montreal, Canada.
To assess HIV risk behaviours among adolescent injection drug users (AIDUs) and to explore the hypothesis that AIDUs from a core group regarding HIV transmission in the Montreal region. Adolescents diagnosed with socio-affective problems were recruited in the rehabilitation centers (RC) of the Mont
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:94 (abstract no. WS-C13-4)
Collins J, Holtzman D, Kann L, Kolbe L; Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Condom use was examined among a nationally representative sample of high school students in the United States . Three-quarters of the selected schools (137) agreed to participate and 90% (12,272) of the selected students provided usable data. Approximately half (54%) of all high school students reported engaging in sex
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:94 (abstract no. WS-C13-3)
Reid HM, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Rosario MR, Gwadz M; HIV Center, Columbia University, C.P.M.C., New York, New York.
To evaluate the long term effectiveness of an HIV prevention program aimed at reducing the sexual risk behavior of homeless youth. A consecutive series of 140 predominantly African-American (68%) and Hispanic (21%) male (35%) and female (65%) youths aged 11-18 years were recruited from 4 runaway sh
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:94 (abstract no. WS-C13-2)
Hitimana D, Luo-Mutti C, Madraa B, Mwaikambo E, Malek A, Nkowane B; Centre Hospitalier de Kigali, Rwanda.
To determine the nosocomial risk of HIV infection in infants and children in developing countries. Children aged 6-59 months admitted to paediatric medical care units and their mothers were recruited for the study. Blood samples for HIV serology for mother and child were taken, and for the child, in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:94 (abstract no. WS-C13-1)
Matela B, Dasilva M, Nsuami M, Muniaka K, Lebughe I, Nzila N; Projet SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire.
To define and characterize the outcome in Aids orphans in Kinshasa, Zaire . Since December 1986, 339 children born to 327 HIV(+) mothers and enrolled into a prospective cohort study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection had been followed. 20 of them had lost their mother and therefore
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:93 (abstract no. WS-C12-6)
Tokars J, Marcus R, Culver D, Panlilio A, Ciesielski C, Bell D; CDC; Atlanta, GA.
1) To study post-exposure AZT use and toxicity among health care-workers (HCWs); 2) To summarize cases in which AZT reportedly failed to prevent HIV infection in HCWs. Since 1983, CDC has prospectively evaluated HCWs exposed to HIV-infected blood in approximately 300 U.S. hospitals; starting in 198
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:93 (abstract no. WS-C12-5)
Cleveland J, Kent J, Gooch B, Valway S, Marianos D, Onorato I; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.
Investigation of a 1991 outbreak of MDRTB at Hospital C in New York City (NYC) identified two HIV-infected dental health-care workers (DHCWs) who died with MDRTB in early 1991. The resistance and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the isolates from both DHCWs were identical and match
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:93 (abstract no. WS-C12-4)
Robert L, Marcus R, Gooch B, Jaffe H, Marianos D, Chamberland M; CDC, Atlanta, GA.
To evaluate the risk of HIV transmission from infected HCWs to patients. Health departments, hospitals, and other agencies who had notified patients of infected HCWs and/or who had patient HIV testing data were surveyed. RESULTS: HIV transmission from a Florida dentist to 5 of 1100 patients tested
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:93 (abstract no. WS-C12-3)
Falder S, Thomas P, Jolly M, Iatrakis G, Smith JR;
The highest rate of glove puncture reported in any surgical procedure is 54%, occurring at Caesarean section (CS). This study was designed to test the efficacy of blunt-tipped needles in reducing the incidence of glove puncture at CS. SUBJECTS & There was a random blind allocation of blunt-ti
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:93 (abstract no. WS-C12-2)
Kanyama I, Mmiro F, Mirembe F, Kaona F, Bagenda D, Siziya S; Tropical Disease Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia.
To compare the prevalence of HIV infection among nurse-midwives (NMs), other professional women including hospital nurses (HNs), office workers and teachers (OW/Ts) in the same communities; to compare the prevalence of HIV infection among traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and other women (VLs) in the same
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:93 (abstract no. WS-C12-1)
Ciesielski C, Metler R, Hammett T, Ward J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
CDC has implemented national surveillance for occupationally acquired HIV/AIDS. To characterize HIV transmission following occupational exposures (EXP), we analyzed data for health-care workers (HCWs) with confirmed seroconversion after a discrete occupational EXP (documented [DOC]), or no other HIV risk identified and
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:92 (abstract no. WS-C11-6)
Belsey EM, Maskill W, Emmanuel J, Tamashiro H, Heymann DL; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
To determine the proportion of donated blood which, at the time of donation, is in the window period for HIV detection, i.e., the period after the onset of infectiousness and before antigen or antibody are detectable. A mathematical model of the window period has been developed. This model has four
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:92 (abstract no. WS-C11-5)
Singh R, Chandra M; Institute of Pathology-ICMR, New Delhi.
Eighty HIV positive donors have been recorded at the Zonal Blood Testing Centre located at Institute of Pathology. Out of these 56 are professional donors and 24 are replacement donors. All the positive donors are male and are in sexually active group. 77 are sexually promiscuous and have given history of visiting fema
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:92 (abstract no. WS-C11-4)
Pauli G, Scheidler A, Reuter T, Ebermann R, Koch MA; AIDS-Zentrum des Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Berlin, Germany.
Virus safety of human blood and blood products can be enhanced by selection of donors and screening for virus markers. Plasma or plasma products might be further treated to eliminate or decrease any viral contamination. Two methods for virus inactivation in plasma and IgG were evaluated. Beta propiolactone (BPL) reduce
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:92 (abstract no. WS-C11-3)
Banura C, Hom D, Houser HB; Makerere University.
To define factors for HIV Seropositivity so as to identify blood donors at Very Low risk of HIV-1 infection. Interviews regarding medical history, life styles and sexual activities were administered to donors who volunteered during a survey conducted between 9/91-12/91. The donors interviewed belong
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:92 (abstract no. WS-C11-2)
Lackritz EM, Djomand G, Vetter KM, Zadi F, Diaby L, De Cock KM; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta.
To evaluate the use of blood transfusions in order to reduce unnecessary transfusions and improve essential laboratory services. Information was collected on all patients admitted to two university hospitals in Abidjan from May to June 1992, and on pediatric patients of three hospitals from Februar
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:92 (abstract no. WS-C11-1)
Busch MP, Valinski J, Paglieroni T, Prince H, Mosley JW; Irwin Meml Blood Ctrs, San Francisco, CA.
Recent definition of idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) has led to concern that an unknown immunodeficiency virus may be transfusion-transmitted. As a result, CD4 screening of donors has been suggested. We compiled CD4 data for 2,030 anti-HIV-1-negative blood donors. Donors with CD4 values of
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:91 (abstract no. WS-C10-5)
Newell ML;
To describe the progression to AIDS in vertically infected children in 10 centres in 7 European countries. Clinical and laboratory follow-up of children born to mothers with documented HIV infection at the time of delivery takes place at birth and at 3-monthly intervals thereafter according to a sta
1) To reassess transmission risk factors among twins born to HIV-infected mothers; 2) In case of HIV infection, to compare disease progression between 1st and 2nd-born twins (Twins A and B). We obtained information on 149 sets of twins, 115 identified through the prospective follow-up of HIV-expose
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:91 (abstract no. WS-C10-2)
Bryson Y, Dillon M, Garratty E, Dickover R, Keller M, Deveikis A; Dept. of Pediatrics, UCLA.
Although there is evidence of maternal-fetal HIV transmission in utero, intrapartum, and post partum, the exact of timing and relative frequency of each are ill defined. Likewise unknown are the effects of maternal viral factors (tropism/phenotype) on transmission risk, and the effects of the time of transmission and t
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:91 (abstract no. WS-C10-1)
Mayaux MJ; Unit 292, National Institut of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Paris, France.
The French prospective study on infants born to HIV1 or HIV2 seropositive mothers has been initiated in January 1986. As of January 1993, 1395 children has been enrolled and followed from birth in 62 obstetrical and pediatric centers all over France . After a six year experience, data on the subjects included, represen
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:90 (abstract no. WS-C09-6)
Lacoste D, Marimoutou C, Dabis F, Renaud F, Garros B; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CISH), Bordeaux, France.
To describe the epidemiological trends of the incidence of HIV infection by at-risk groups in the Aquitaine area (south western France , 29 M inhabitants), over 8 years. The GECSA is a hospital-based surveillance system of HIV infection organized in three large hospitals of the Aquitaine region (Bay
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:90 (abstract no. WS-C09-5)
Pant A, Kleiber D; Sozialpaedagogisches Institut, AIDS Research Unit, Berlin, Germany.
1. To monitor changes in HIV-1 seroprevalence and in indicators of risk taking behavior (needle sharing, unprotected intercourse). 2. To test competing methodological and substantial hypotheses explaining decline/stabilization of seroprevalence rates using serial cross-sectional data. As part of a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:90 (abstract no. WS-C09-4)
Campbell C, Dillon B, Valdiserri R, Gerber R, West G; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA.
To describe settings where IDUs are provided HIV CT and to assess the client demographics, risk characteristics, health insurance status, and HIV test history of IDUs, HIV seropositive IDUs, and IDUs who do not return for test results and posttest counseling. We reviewed approximately 900,000 record
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:90 (abstract no. WS-C09-3)
Donoghoe M, Rhodes T, Hunter G, Stimson G; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, University of London, UK.
To assess the potential for heterosexual transmission of HIV between drug injectors (IDUs) and to non-injecting sexual partners. METHOD: Between June and November 1990 534 IDUs were surveyed in London using structured questionnaires as part of an ongoing WHO collaborative study of HIV prevalence and risk beh
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:90 (abstract no. WS-C09-2)
Kitayaporn D, Uneklabh C, Weniger BG, Lohsomboon P, Kaewkungwal J, Morgan WM, Uneklabh T; HIV/AIDS Collaboration, Bangkok, Thailand.
To measure HIV-1 incidence trends in drug users, HIV-1 test results were computerized for all 26,396 in- and out-patients undergoing 47,907 treatment courses from 9/87-9/92 at Thailand s largest drug detoxification unit. Seroconversions were ascribed uniformly in the interval between the last HIV- and the first HIV+ te
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:90 (abstract no. WS-C09-1)
Flynn N, Anderson R, Britton J, Ascher M, Tabnak F, Nassar N; U. Calif., Davis.
Compare HIV seroprevalence of IT vs. OT IDU. IDU were recruited on the streets & in county probation offices for fingerstick HIV antibody testing & administration of a short questionnaire by experienced community health outreach workers (CHOWs). ELISA positives (+) were confirmed by Western
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:89 (abstract no. WS-C08-6)
Alary M; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
To study prevalence and risk factors associated to HIV infection in European FSW and the determinants of condom use in these women. In 1990-91, FSW from 9 European centres (Amsterdam, Antwerp, Athens, Copenhagen, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Paris, Vienna) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fac
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:89 (abstract no. WS-C08-5)
Darrow W, Potterat J, Alegria M, Rios N, Vera M, Woodhouse D; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
To assess and improve available HIV prevention and related services for women who engage in street prostitution, we conducted two parallel studies. In San Juan, a focus group with 11 streetwalkers (10 adults, one teenager) explored attitudes toward work, danger, and drug addiction. In Colorado Springs, a cross-sectiona
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:89 (abstract no. WS-C08-4)
Jana S, Chakraborty AK, Chatterjee BD, Chakraborty MS, van Dam CJ, Mehret M; All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta.
A baseline prevalence survey on STD/HIV and knowledge of STD/HIV infection was carried out among commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Calcutta. 450 CSWs were randomly selected from a red light area in Calcutta. Interviews were conducted by social workers, after which physical examination and laborato
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:89 (abstract no. WS-C08-3)
Traore-Ettiegne V, Ghys PD, Diallo MO, Van Dyck E, Lorougnon F, De Cock KM; Projet Retro-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
To document prevalences of and risk factors for HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections as well as prevalences of other STD in prostitutes in Abidjan, as baseline data for an intervention study. Cross-sectional study, prostitutes recruited from their places of work. HIV testing included ELISA, synthetic peptide
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:89 (abstract no. WS-C08-2)
Alegria M, Vera M, Robles R, Burgos M; School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico.
This paper compares differences in HIV risk behaviors, HIV seropositivity, and STD profiles between adolescent and adult female prostitutes of the Caribbean. We aim to establish what patterns of prevention towards HIV infection characterize these two age cohorts: adolescents 13-17 years old, and adults 18-59 years old.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:89 (abstract no. WS-C08-1)
Limanonda B, van Griensven G, Poshyachinda V, Coutinho R, Auwanit W, Chaisiril M; Chulalongkorn University.
To compare HIV-1 prevalence among female commercial sex workers (CSW s) in two distinctive urban areas in the North (Chiang Mai) and in the South (Sungai Kolok) of Thailand . METHOD: In a cross-sectional survey, May 1992, blood samples and interviews were taken from 797 CSW s (410 in the North and 387 in the
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:88 (abstract no. WS-C07-6)
Garcia D, Mills S, Martinez T, Ruben, Kegebein V, Hernandez S; San Francisco Dept. of Public Health AIDS Office, CA.
To examine high-risk sexual behaviors and condom use among lesbian and bisexual women in San Francisco. We surveyed women (N = 483) in San Francisco who reported having sex with women in the past three years. Respondents were randomly recruited from street locations and women-specific events and lat
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:88 (abstract no. WS-C07-5)
Koblin BA, Taylor PE, Rubinstein P, Stevens CE; New York Blood Center, NY 10021.
To determine whether age influences the frequency of high-risk sexual behavior and the incidence of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of gay men. At entry into a cohort study (PAS) of 850 gay men begun in 1984 in New York City, data were retrospectively collected on sexual behavior for 3 time periods: the
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:88 (abstract no. WS-C07-4)
van den Hoek JA, de Wit JB, Keet IP, Fennema JS, van den Bergh HS, Sandfort TG, van Griensven GJ, Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Is unsafe sex increasing in both young and older homosexual men in Amsterdam? Data from 4 sources were studied: a) longitudinal data on sexual behavior and HIV incidence of homosexual men (HM) in the Amsterdam cohort, b) annual total number of cases of gonorrhea (GO) and rectal GO in HM attending th
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:88 (abstract no. WS-C07-3)
Winkelstein W Jr, Wiley JA, Osmond D, Coates T, Sheppard HW, Page K; University of California, Berkeley.
The incidence of HIV infection in a sample of gay men 25-54 on entry has been monitored since 1984 in San Francisco. Annual incidence rates have declined over the 9 years from 11% to less than 1% while prevalence has increased from 48% to 53%. To obtain prevalence and incidence of HIV infection and estimates of risk be
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:88 (abstract no. WS-C07-2)
Mays VM, Cochran SD; Univ of California, Los Angeles.
In the U.S., homosexually active African-American men are overrepresented among HIV cases, even within the gay male population. We nationally surveyed 889 Black gay and bisexual men as to their sexual risk behaviors in the previous 30 days. Seventy seven percent reported at least one sex partner. Of these, 14% reported
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:88 (abstract no. WS-C07-1)
Hays RB, Kegeles S, Coates T; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco.
Young gay/bisexual men are consistently found to engage in high rates of unsafe sex. We designed, implemented and evaluated a community-level prevention program targeted specifically to the needs of young gay/bisexual men. METHOD: The Mpowerment Project is a peer-run, community mobilization project for gay/b
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:87 (abstract no. WS-C06-6)
Ngugi EN, Plummer FA, Mwongera M, Kariuki C, Moses S; University of Nairobi, Kenya.
To evaluate the impact of a program comprising strengthened STD/AIDS health services and community-based interventions on perceptions of AIDS/STD, sexual behaviour and STD and HIV prevalence. Health workers at six health centres serving two Nairobi slums were trained in STD/AIDS management, educatio
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:87 (abstract no. WS-C06-5)
Desormeaux J, Behets F, Hamilton H, Dallabetta G, Cohen M, Boulos R; Centres pour le Developpment et la Sante (CDS), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
As part of a comprehensive STD management strategy for the CDS, a health center serving 544,000 urban disadvantaged people, a study was planned to obtain crucial STD baseline data. To determine STD prevalence in pregnant women living in Cite-Soleil) to develop and validate a risk score-inclusiv
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:87 (abstract no. WS-C06-4)
Celentano D, Nelson K, Suprasert S, Eiumtrakul S, Wright N, Theetranont C; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore.
While the HIV epidemic only recently reached Asia, the spread in Thailand has received wide international attention, because of its rapid growth and because Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) have been identified as the bridge to the heterosexual population. To determine risk factors for incident HIV infection in a heterose
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:87 (abstract no. WS-C06-3)
Dushimimana A, Chao A, Bulterys M, Munyampeta I, Habimana P, Saah A; National University of Rwanda, Butare.
To identify a target group for HIV prevention programs in the rural areas surrounding Rwandan towns. Serosurvey conducted among women living within a 25 km radius around the town of Butare in southern Rwanda. During a 2-year period, 5,690 women were screened for HIV-1 antibody at 5 prenatal clinics
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:87 (abstract no. WS-C06-2)
Greenberg AE, Thomas P, Torbert A, Chiasson MA; NYC Dept of Health.
To assess the impact of heterosexual HIV transmission (HT) on the AIDS epidemic in NYC. Risk information on persons reported with AIDS to the NYC Dept of Health through 9/92 was examined. In NYC, men who claim HT are investigated for other risks; women who claim HT were only investigated until 1985
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:87 (abstract no. WS-C06-1)
Robinson NJ, Mulder DW, Auvert B, Nunn AJ, Hayes RJ; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
To assess the impact of feasible HIV control programmes in a rural population in SW Uganda . A published stochastic simulation model (SimulAIDS) has been further developed and employed here specifically to model the dynamics of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a rural
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:86 (abstract no. WS-C05-6)
Rosenberg ZF, Fauci AS; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Since 1985, the number of cases of tuberculosis (TB) in the U.S. has risen more than 18 percent to a total of 26,283 active cases of TB in 1991. In addition, an additional 15 million people in the U.S. are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) and are at risk of developing active disease. The recent increas
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:86 (abstract no. WS-C05-5)
Hoffman ND, Jones C, Cohn J, Hein K, Futterman D; Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NYC.
To evaluate adherence to TB treatment and to compare completion of TB screening with completion of one-step health screens (CD4 monitoring and STD screens) in a comprehensive care setting for HIV+ adolescents. Retrospective chart review of all HIV+ adolescents ages 13-21 (n = 50), from 1/91 to 12/9
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:86 (abstract no. WS-C05-4)
Sow O, Lakis S, Barry AO, Kourouma K, Malkin JE, Prazuck T; Anti-tuberculosis Center, Conakry-Guinea.
To compare the clinical and bacteriological aspects and outcome of tuberculosis in patients followed-up Conakry in function of their HIV status. MATERIALS AND Between January and August 1992, all the patient followed-up in the anti-tuberculosis centers of Conakry were included in this study. A stand
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:86 (abstract no. WS-C05-3)
Pearson ML; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
MDR-TB has emerged as an important pathogen among persons with HIV-infection and nosocomial outbreaks of MDR-TB have occurred at several U.S. hospitals. During 1988-1991, 59 patients at three hospitals acquired MDR-TB nosocomially. Nearly all (97%) were HIV-seropositive; mortality exceeded 80%. In each of the outbreaks
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:86 (abstract no. WS-C05-2)
Dupon M, Saves M, Chene G, Pellegrin JL, Texier-Maugein J, Blanchard Y; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, (CISIH), Bordeaux, France.
To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, biological features and the impact of TB on the definition of AIDS in a cohort of HIV-infected pts, and to document the resistance to antituberculous (anti-TB) drugs. From 1985 to April 1992, 2,490 pts were included in a hospital-based surveillance system o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:86 (abstract no. WS-C05-1)
Sepkowitz K, Recalde S, Armstrong D; Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
We determined city-wide trends in TB susceptibility from 1987 to 1991 by a systematic review of microbiology records of hospitals in the NYC area. Over 13,000 results from 41 hospitals were reviewed. Among isolates with known susceptibilities, the prevalence of resistance to at least 1 TB drug rose from 21% in 1987 to
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:85 (abstract no. WS-C04-6)
Nzilambi N, Malulu M, Edidi B; Projet SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire.
To discuss any factors that may contribute to the stable HIV prevalence rates among the general population in Zaire . Review of several studies on STD/HIV prevalence rates among antenatal mothers, blood donors, factory workers and health care workers. RESULTS: Stable HIV-1 prevalence (= 4 - 7%) in d
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:85 (abstract no. WS-C04-5)
Lal S, Salil P, Sardana VN, Khodakevich L;
To review the spread of HIV infection in India . METHOD: Following the detection of the first HIV infected person in 1986, the Government of India developed a surveillance systems for HIV monitoring which gradually expanded to most of the states. Analysis of the data recorded by the surveillance centres is
To determine prevalence rates and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among pregnant women at a large, urban hospital. BACKGROUND AND Siriraj, a 2000 bed university hospital, serves the lower and lower middle class of metropolitan Bangkok. Routine HIV testing (EIA and confirmatory test) of pregnant an
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:85 (abstract no. WS-C04-3)
Greco DB, Toledo Junior AC, Oliveira HC, Cordeiro PR; Infectious and Parasitic Disease Service (IPDS), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
From 1986 to 1992, 2,133 individuals with risk behaviour for HIV attending the HIV Reference Clinic were evaluated, after proper consent. Anti-HIV (ELISA + WB) was positive in 1,102 individuals (51.7%), 27 in 1986 vs 226 in 1992. The majority was single (76.1%), 83.3% were male and 76.3% had between 20 and 40 years of
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:85 (abstract no. WS-C04-2)
Hu DJ, Frey R, Costa S, Massey J, Ryan J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
To identify sociodemographic factors associated with higher postal zone (zip code)-specific AIDS rates in a metropolitan area with high AIDS incidence. State surveillance data were used to calculate cumulative AIDS rates per zip code for persons with AIDS diagnosed through 1991. Pearson & Spear
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:85 (abstract no. WS-C04-1)
Brossard Y, Larsen M, Meyer L, Goudeau A, Henrion R; C.H.P., Paris, France.
To monitor trends in the HIV epidemic and transmission groups in women of reproductive age. Since Feb. 1987, free HIV testing is systematically offered to 20,000 women/year (prenatal, miscarriage, abortion) in 8 maternities in the Paris area. Demographic, obstetrical and risk behavior data are colle
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:84 (abstract no. WS-C03-5)
Levin LI, Chung RC, Milazzo M, Brundage JF; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC.
To compare progression of HIV-I disease between men and women who presented with the following CD4+ cell counts at their initial clinical evaluation: (1) CD4+ cell count > 500, (2) CD4+ cell count between 200 and 500, and (3) CD4+ cell count
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:84 (abstract no. WS-C03-4)
Brown LS, Neaton J, Wentworth D, Sherer R; ARTC/Harlem Hospital/Columbia University, New York.
To compare disease progression and mortality in IDUs and non-IDUs participating in HIV clinical research conducted by 17 nation-wide community agencies sponsored by the Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). Since September 1990, 4,826 patients have been enrolled in CPCRA studies--37% w
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:84 (abstract no. WS-C03-3)
Keet IP, Krol A, Klein M, Veugelers P, Goudsmit J, Miedema F, Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
To study immunological, virological and sexual behavioral characteristics of long term survival of HIV infection in homosexual men. Retrospective study among participants of a cohort study. Long term survivors: > 7 years asymptomatic HIV infection (LTS, n = 61), were compared with progressors: CDC I
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:84 (abstract no. WS-C03-2)
Ryan WC, Milazzo M, Gardner LI, Chung RC, Brundage JF; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.
To determine if HIV-1 seroconverters with an apparent Acute Retroviral Syndrome (ARS) requiring hospitalization, progress to Walter Reed stages WR4 through WR6 or death (WR7) more rapidly than do seroconverters with no or only mild symptoms during primary HIV infection. We identified 41 soldiers (6.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:84 (abstract no. WS-C03-1)
Dorrucci M; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
To evaluate HIV acute disease as a predictor of progression to AIDS among various risk groups. We conducted a longitudinal study on individuals whose estimated seroconversion (SC) date was available (i.e. midpoint between the last negative and the first HIV-positive test, within 18 months of the fo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:83 (abstract no. WS-C02-6)
Temmerman M, Njagi E, Nagelkerke N, Bwayo J, Ndinya-Achola JO; University of Nairobi, Kenya.
To study determinants of (early) vertical transmission of HIV-1 in Nairobi. As part of an ongoing cohort study on HIV-1 and pregnancy, babies of HIV-1 positive mothers were PCR tested at age 3 and/or 6 months. Obstetrical, maternal and infant characteristics were related to infection of infant. RESU
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:83 (abstract no. WS-C02-4)
Embree J, Datta P, Kreiss J, Ndinya-Achola J, Maitha G, Plummer F; Dept. Medical Microbiology, Univ. of Nairobi, Kenya.
In our perinatal HIV-1 transmission study in Nairobi, Kenya , the transmission rate among children born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers varied depending upon the age chosen as the cut-off for serological diagnosis. At 12 months, transmission was 24% vs 45% if > 15 months was used. Review of sequential serum samples revea
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:83 (abstract no. WS-C02-3)
Ruff A, Yolken R, Desormeaux J, Farzadegan H, Coberly J, McBrien M; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
To determine whether anti-HIV-1 activity of breast milk correlates with the presence of HIV-1 in breast milk or with maternal-infant HIV-1 transmission. Sequential breast milk specimens were collected from HIV-1 seropositive women participating in a study of maternal-infant HIV-1 transmission. The m
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:83 (abstract no. WS-C02-2)
Kengeya-Kayondo JF, Wagner HU, Malamba S, Nunn AJ, Mulder DW; MRC (UK) Programme on AIDS in Uganda/Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe.
To study risk factors associated with new HIV-1 infections in cases identified over a one year period in a prospective cohort. Since 1989, a general population cohort of about 10,000 people from 15 neighbouring villages has been followed through annual socio-demographic and serological surveys. Ser
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:83 (abstract no. WS-C02-1)
de Vincenzi I; European Centre for the Epidemiologcal Monitoring of AIDS, Paris, France.
To determine risk factors and rates of HIV transmission in serologically discordant couples receiving regular safe-sex counselling. From 1987 to 1991, 563 couples were recruited from 9 countries in a cross-sectional study. 378 HIV(-) partners recruited in settings where follow-up was achievable were
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:82 (abstract no. WS-C01-6)
Gebhardt M, Estermann J, Paget J; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), Bern, Switzerland.
To analyse the effects of adding the 1987 diagnostic criteria to the AIDS-definition on the number of AIDS-cases, the distribution among patient groups and sex, and the disease spectrum. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of all AIDS-cases in the Swiss national AIDS-surveillance. For the purpose of this study,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:82 (abstract no. WS-C01-5)
Chu SY, Farizo K, Hanson D, Buehler J, Ward J; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
To evaluate the effect of the 1993 AIDS surveillance definition (SD) on capturing HIV-related mortality. METHODS. History of AIDS-defining conditions, CD4+ cell counts/percents, and causes of death were abstracted from medical and death records of HIV-infected persons who received care at > 90 medical faciliti
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:82 (abstract no. WS-C01-4)
Jones JL, Hu DJ, Fleming PL, Ward JW, Mays MA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA.
CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4+) criteria were added to the AIDS surveillance definition in January 1993. States voluntarily reported CD4+ counts in 1992. To anticipate patterns of CD4+ reporting, we reviewed data on CD4+ counts reported from 9/1/92 to 11/30/92 among persons with AIDS meeting the 1987 surv
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:82 (abstract no. WS-C01-3)
Veugelers PJ, Schechter MT, Tindall B, Moss AR, Page K, Van Griensven GJ; Municipal Health Service, AM, The Netherlands.
To compare time from HIV seroconversion (SC) to AIDS and time from SC to the first CD4+ count dropping below 500 and 200 cells/microliters in cohorts of homosexual men. The Tricontinental Seroconverter Study includes 403 men with well documented dates of SC originating from cohort studies among homo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:82 (abstract no. WS-C01-2)
Caldwell B, Oxtoby M, Rogers M; Pediatric Spectrum of Disease Project, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
CDC has proposed a new system for classifying pediatric HIV infection based on clinical staging and CD4 count. Issues raised in constructing this classification included: whether to separate children with no symptoms from those with mild symptoms, whether children with LIP should be classified as severely s
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:82 (abstract no. WS-C01-1)
Soro B, Coulibaly IM, Gershy-Damet GM, Vetter KM, Whitaker JP, De Cock KM; Comite National de Lutte Contre le SIDA.
(1) To provide descriptive characteristics of AIDS in adults in Cote d Ivoire ; (2) to assess impact of expansion of AIDS surveillance case definition to include HIV-positive tuberculosis (TB) as indicative of AIDS. Data from adult AIDS cases officially reported from hospitals and reference laborat
To assess the extent of S.T.D. in Rangunii, Bangladesh . METHOD: Camp was organized in October 1992 in Rangunii through SCF/Bangladesh. Camp was advertised, clinically diagnosed cases were given treatment, and laboratory diagnosis was performed for IEC. Drama, poster, and talk programme was organized on sex
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:81 (abstract no. WS-B38-5)
Crucitti T, Palha De Sousa C, Bastoa R, Barrreto A, Folgosa E; Program Nacional de Control das DIS/SIDA, Ministry of Health, Mozambique.
How to create a process for continuous upgrading of the quality of clinical diagnosis and epidemiological data within the laboratory unit of the National STD/AIDS control program in Mozambique . THE PROJECT: A quality control system was designed to improve the laboratorial capacities for diagnosis of STD
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:81 (abstract no. WS-B38-4)
Hira S, Sunkutu R; Uniformed Services Univ Health Sc, Bethesda.
To estimate direct cost incurred by the health sector in providing management to patients with STD. The Zambian Ministry of Health launched its national STD Control Program in 1980. One of the objectives was to improve STD management through establishment of specialized STD clinics up to the distric
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:81 (abstract no. WS-B38-3)
Weir MJ, Ogundiran A; Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK.
OBJECTIVE. To produce useful surveillance data from an STD control programme which is fully integrated with primary health care. METHODS. STD surveillance is part of the STD control programme in Oyo State, Nigeria . Patients are managed on a syndromic basis and a form has been developed which allows collection of data
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:81 (abstract no. WS-B38-2)
Hasan M, Farag A, Abdelghaffar S; Arab International Center for Fighting against AIDS (AICFA), Cairo, Egypt.
To improve the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment of STD. (1) Study on the prevalence of STD, including the importance of anti microbial resistance. (2) Study on the knowledge & feasibility of algorithms for diagnosis of STD. (3) Cost-efficacy study on the treatment of STD. RESULTS: (1) Hi
STD prevalence results from a rapid assessment carried out in Dakar and Pikine in 1989-1990 demonstrate that STDs are an important public health problem among pregnant women, the military and prostitutes. This problem is aggravated by the possibility of the augmentation of HIV prevalence in Sene
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:80 (abstract no. WS-B37-6)
Sednaoui P; Institut Alfred Fournier, Paris, France.
Ninety two isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, from outpatients attending the sexually transmitted disease clinic at the Institut Alfred Fournier were comparatively tested for MIC of Pristinamycin, its two compounds II A and I B, and Erythromycin, by determining their MICs by using the agar dilution method. The two compounds I
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:80 (abstract no. WS-B37-5)
Sednaoui P, Goulet V; Institut Alfred Fournier, Paris, France.
The national network of gonorrhoea (RENAGO) was set up in June 1985 for the surveillance of gonococcal infection and antibiotic resistant strains. It is made up of private or public, voluntary and unpaid, collaborating laboratories throughout France . The network is coordinated by the Reseau National de Sante Publique
A procedure for the typing of. C. trachomatis serovars D-K based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism was established. With the PCR the C. trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene which encodes the genetic sequences determining the serovar specificity was amplified
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:80 (abstract no. WS-B37-3)
Stary A, Kopp W, Zahel B, Muller I; Outpatients' Centre, Vienna, Austria.
To evaluate the diagnostic facilities of a commercially available DNA hybridization test the Gen-Probe PACE 2 assay was compared with the Chlamydiazyme for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital specimens. Samples were collected from altogether 300 persons, including 199 registered and 43 non-registered p
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:80 (abstract no. WS-B37-2)
Flynn C, Farzadegan H, Graham N, Hardy P, Nell E, Palenicek J, Saah A; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
To assess the effectiveness of a new ELISA assay to screen for syphilis in a cohort of gay and bisexual men at high risk for both syphilis and HIV-1 infection. Standard syphilis screening (RPR or ART) and confirmatory (FTA or MHA) tests and a newly developed ELISA (96% sensitive and 100% specific ag
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:80 (abstract no. WS-B37-1)
Desai S, Bhave GG, Kothari M; Seth G.S. Medical College, Bombay, India.
To standardise specific IgG and IgM ELISA for syphilis and to study association of syphilis with HIV infection in prostitutes and STD patients. Blood samples of 245 STD patients and 156 known HIV +ve & HIV -ve prostitutes were included in the study. IgG & IgM ELISA was standardised using ult
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:79 (abstract no. WS-B36-6)
[No authors listed];
ALPHA is a blinded randomised trial comparing 750mg ddI sachets/day (H) versus 200mg ddI/day (L) in 1775 patients (mean follow up 12m, mortality 66%). Serial CD4 counts were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 wks. The median CD4 count on admission was 23 cells in H and 26 in L. The frequency of CD4 rises was greater in H comp
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:79 (abstract no. WS-B36-5)
Edwards AL, Hughes TE, Coons SJ, Dols CL, Ampel NM; Tucson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Arizona.
We have been using the 34-item version of the MOS-HIV instrument (Wu et al., Med Care 1991; 29:786) to assess the health status of HIV-infected patients in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. One female and 23 male patients, with a mean age of 41.1 years, have been enrolled to date in this ongoing study. Data on CD4 cou
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:79 (abstract no. WS-B36-4)
Zander K, Jager H, Palitzsch M, Poppinger J, von Steinbuchel N, Bullinger M; Univers. Munich/Sciencia Health Res., Germany.
Assessment of HRQL indices is important in trials on non-curative treatments of HIV disease. Factors which influence the patient s HRQL rating could be particularly considered in the development of palliative treatments. 100 HIV patients (84 m., 16 f.) participated (30 CDC II/III, 70 CDC IV; 245 +/-
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:79 (abstract no. WS-B36-3)
Fogelman I, Lim L, Volberding P, Fischl M, Stanley K, Cotton DJ; Harvard School of Public Health, #U. California, San Francisco.
To evaluate the use of concomitant medications (CM) in HIV clinical trials. Data from 3 phase III clinical trials of zidovudine, conducted by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2801 patients reported 43,311 uses of concomitant medications, and over 85% used one or mo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:79 (abstract no. WS-B36-2)
el-Sadr W, Wentworth D, Dehlinger M, Larntz K; Harlem Hospital, New York, NY.
Most clinical trials have been implemented in structured academic settings among fairly homogeneous patient populations. The large number of HIV-infected persons receiving care in community-based settings, their disparate characteristics, and the importance of PCP as a preventable disease necessitated a new approach to
The major outcome variable--first new or recurrent AIDS defining event or death--used for evaluating clinical efficacy of new treatments in many clinical trials may neither be clinically relevant nor sensitive to moderate treatment differences because 1) this combined endpoint ignores differences in severit
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:78 (abstract no. WS-B35-6)
Blumer SO, Schalla WO, Handsfield JH, Hancock JS, Cross GD, Hearn TL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
The supplemental WB test is used to confirm antibodies to HIV after repeatedly reactive screening tests have been performed on clinical specimens. The CDC MPEP evaluates the performance of laboratories that test for HIV antibodies to identify and correct testing problems and to maintain and improve testing performance.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:78 (abstract no. WS-B35-5)
Fauquex A, Snell JS, Tamashiro H; Global Programme on AIDS, WHO, Geneva.
The WHO anti-HIV Quality Assessment scheme is aimed at monitoring the quality of laboratory HIV testing in Member Countries. Twenty serum specimens of various origins, seven of which contained antibodies to HIV-1 and 2 antibodies to HIV-2 were sent to 148 laboratories in the six WHO regions. Partici
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:78 (abstract no. WS-B35-4)
Quinn TC, Kline R, Livingston R, Carella A, Moss M, Hutton N; NIAID, Bethesda, MD.
To reliably diagnose perinatally acquired HIV infection using an algorithm that incorporates two serologic assays for use in developing and developed countries. 604 sera were sequentially obtained from 278 infants born to HIV-infected mothers and tested for HIV IgA antibodies and p24 Ag following ac
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:78 (abstract no. WS-B35-3)
Pyra H, Boni J, Schupbach J; Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zurich.
Recent reports of cases of immune deficiency not attributable to HIV infection by current diagnostic methods including PCR underscore the need for a retrovirus test not based on specific viral sequences. Plasma samples from patients with HIV-1 infection (10 each of CDC stage II, III, IV), HIV-2 or H
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:78 (abstract no. WS-B35-2)
Jackson B, Drew J, Otto P, Bremer J, Lin HJ, Wolinsky S; Case Western Reserve U, Cleveland, OH.
To provide a mechanism for assuring the real time proficiency of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) virology laboratories using qualitative non-isotopic HIV-1 DNA PCR assays. A coded panel consisting of 8 well defined clinical whole blood specimens and 30 QA pellets containing 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 50 8
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:78 (abstract no. WS-B35-1)
Saltarelli M, Neumann M, Hadziyannis E, Turpin J, Hatzakis A, Shaw G, Graciosi GC, Fauci AS, Pavlakis GN; University of Athens Medical School, Greece.
We have studied extensively the viral mRNAs produced by different HIV-1 strains in tissue culture and in patient tissues. We have developed a sensitive semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to detect each individual HIV-1 transcript. The RNA-PCR methodology allowed the quantif
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:77 (abstract no. WS-B34-6)
Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Jensen P, Feingold KR, Cavalieri RR; Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of California, San Francisco.
Abnormalities in thyroid hormone levels have been reported in AIDS, but there is debate as to whether inappropriate maintenance of circulating triiodothyronine (T3) levels contributes to weight loss in AIDS. Although many patients with AIDS have a history of wasting, prolonged periods of stable weight occur in AIDS whe
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:77 (abstract no. WS-B34-5)
Schwenk A, Hoffer E, Burger B, Diehl V, Schrappe M; Medizinische Klinik I, Univ. Cologne, Germany.
The role of hypermetabolism in HIV-associated malnutrition has been stressed despite conflicting results. As resting energy expenditure (REE) is highly variable between different tissue compartments, there is no consensus on the best reference parameter, e.g. fat free mass (FFM), body cell mass (BCM), age+h
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:77 (abstract no. WS-B34-4)
Suttmann U, Selberg O, Melzer A, McMillan DC, Deicher H, Muller MJ; Medical School of Hannover, Dep. of Immunology, Germany.
Patients with advanced HIV infection are frequently malnourished and may even succumb to severe wasting. The weight loss in HIV-infected patients is characterised by a predominant loss of body cell mass. Since protein constitutes most of the body cell mass, this study investigates the response of malnourished HIV-infec
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:77 (abstract no. WS-B34-3)
Zadra JN, Voigt R, Hogg RS, Chan-Yan C, Craib KJ, Schechter MT; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
To examine differences in the nutritional intake of seronegative (SN) and seropositive (SP) AIDS-free subjects within a cohort of gay men. The nutritional intake of 145 SN and 139 SP subjects between 10/91 and 9/92 was evaluated using a self-administered 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. The cal
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:77 (abstract no. WS-B34-2)
Verdon R, Melchior JC, Bouchaud O, Longuet P, Houze S; Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.
To determine the clinical and paraclinical parameters correlated with the degree of malnutrition in HIV-infected patients. 85 AIDS patients (male 70, female 15) had a nutritional evaluation including measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) and fat free mass (FFM). Clinical and paraclinical d
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:77 (abstract no. WS-B34-1)
Palenicek JG, He D, Graham NM, Murphy R, Hoover D, Kingsley L, Oishi J; Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
PURPOSE: Determine long term and short term weight loss (actual and self-reported) and its association with survival after AIDS among a group of AIDS-free, seropositive gay and bisexual men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Study population (N = 826) was identified from baseline HIV-1 seropositive p
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:76 (abstract no. WS-B33-6)
Matela B, Muniaka N, Nsuami M, Mandala K, Nzila N, Kamenga M; Projet SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire.
To assess the impact of AIDS orphan phenomenon in African families. From December 1986 to 1992, out of 467 and 241 HIV (+) mothers enrolled and followed respectively in the first and the second perinatal study, 57 women had died giving us the opportunity of following 57 orphans so called AIDS orphan
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:76 (abstract no. WS-B33-5)
Ssemukasa M, Brehony E; CONCERN, Masaka, Uganda.
Increasing numbers of sick people are outside formal health systems. They are being cared for at home. One approach to assist and develop this process is to train village women in simple caring techniques. In Rakai District of Uganda CONCERN has identified informal groups of women called Munno mukabi who assist each ot
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:76 (abstract no. WS-B33-4)
Wabitsch R, van Praag E; Health Care Support Unit, Global Programme on AIDS, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
The number of persons with HIV infection seeking clinical care is rapidly increasing in many parts of the developing world, putting tremendous pressure on the health care system and the health care provider. The Global Programme on AIDS (GPA) has developed a generic Clinical Care Package as an aid for countr
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:76 (abstract no. WS-B33-3)
Gerbase AC, Mertens T, Carrael M, Alvarado W, Melara A, Zelaya E; Honduras' Ministry of Health, Geneva, Switzerland.
To evaluate the quality of the STD case management in Honduras . RESEARCH DESIGN: Health care providers were observed and interviewed by trained physicians in order to evaluate the quality of STD case management in Honduras, in respect to Genital Ulcer or Urethral discharge. Clinics were selected based in in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:76 (abstract no. WS-B33-2)
Kwapa P, Chela C, Meika R;
Zambia has a population of 8.0 million people. There are 82 hospitals, 744 Rural Health Centres, 208 Urban Health Centres. The HIV/AIDS problem is increasing with more symptomatic cases showing up. Home Based Care as an alternative for care of these patients has been developed since 1986 because it s clea
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:76 (abstract no. WS-B33-1)
Kiiti N, Gatua E, Dortzbach D, Long M, Odira E; MAP International, Nairobi, Kenya.
To identify resources and barriers related to home-based AIDS care in Kenya to be addressed by health institutions, communities, local churches, and families affected by AIDS. This qualitative research involved regular home visits, open-ended interviews, and focus group discussions from January-Dece
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:75 (abstract no. WS-B32-6)
Ssenyonga M, Brehony E; CONCERN, Masaka, Uganda.
Most Villagers in Kirumba Sub-county, Rakai District have not got access to western medicine due to cost and availability. CONCERN has trained over 140 village women in the use of local herbs to alleviate some symptoms of AIDS. The trained women are all members of informal groups of caring women called Munno mukabi fou
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:75 (abstract no. WS-B32-5)
Perez J; Tropical Medicine Institute, Havana, Cuba.
Nine hundred people have been diagnosed with HIV in Cuba (pop. 10.5 mio) between 1986 and February 1993. Of these 97 have died of AIDS-related illnesses. People who are HIV-positive are cared for in government-funded residential sanatoriums located in all but one of Cuba s 14 provinces. The sanatoriums offer high-quali
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:75 (abstract no. WS-B32-4)
Gilada I, Bora P, Manisha, Somkuwar; Indian Health Organisation, Bombay.
HIV transmission in India is predominantly heterosexual. Bombay has an estimated 100,000 CSWs & HIV prevalence has crossed 40%. CSWs lack control over clients & self protection. Hierarchy in Sex industry demands intervention at all levels for HIV control. METHOD: After initial KAP, Project Saheli with th
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:75 (abstract no. WS-B32-3)
Fuentes L, el-Sadr W, Guity C, Smith L, Quint E, Capps L; Harlem Hospital, New York, NY.
The Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) were established in the U.S. in 1989 to provide people with HIV/AIDS who have traditionally been underrepresented in clinical trials (i.e. people of color, women, IV drug users, and gay minorities) with the opportunity to receive experimental treatments of ne
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:75 (abstract no. WS-B32-2)
Semprini AE, Levi-Setti PE, Bozzo M, Taglioretti A, Giuntelli S, Pardi G, Jaeger H, Sonnenberg-Schwan U; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan, Italy.
HIV-discordant couples with male positivity have long been requesting reproductive assistance to achieve pregnancy without sexual HIV transfer. Data from our laboratory and others show that semen can be purified both from cell-associated and cell-free virus, but its presence in sperm cannot yet be excluded. To reduce t
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:75 (abstract no. WS-B32-1)
Clarke JA, Harris H, Ostrow D, Merighi J, Platt P; St. Mary's Hospital and Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
Patients with HIV-related dementia present a special challenge to the AIDS health care delivery system. In February 1991, St. Mary s Hospital and the San Francisco Department of Public Health established a model HIV-related dementia subacute unit to administer cost effective rehabilitative care to patients who historic
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:74 (abstract no. WS-B31-6)
Loveless M, Bell L, Coodley G; HIV Program and Clinic, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.
Pain is the most feared symptom for patients with a terminal disease. Effective pain relief is the cornerstone for the management of the terminal stage of any illness. HIV disease and it s complications are associated with pain in a significant number of patients. Pain may be generated by several different
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:74 (abstract no. WS-B31-5)
Larue F, Brasseur L, Musseault P, Demeulemeester R, Bonifassi L, Bez G; Hopital International, Paris, France.
A French national survey was realised to assess pain (prevalence, intensity, and impact on quality of life) in HIV infected patients. 314 randomised patients in 14 centers were included after informed consent. A self assessment of pain was performed by the patients using a French translation of the Brief Pain
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:74 (abstract no. WS-B31-4)
Nicholas SW, Clark PJ, Rogers AR; Dept. of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York.
Incarnation Children s Center (ICC) is the only foster care residence for HIV+ children in NYC. Its creation resulted from collaboration of church, hospital, university, government and private agencies. During 4 years of operation, ICC has been used decreasingly for HIV+ boarder babies (because foster parents are now r
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:74 (abstract no. WS-B31-3)
Oleske J, Czarniecki L, Boland M; Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine & Dentistry, Newark, NJ.
To develop a protocol for the assessment and management of pain in children with HIV infection. METHOD: Since 1983 over 300 children with HIV infection, ranging in age from infancy to 19 years, have been treated at the Children s Hospital of N.J. AIDS Program (CHAP). One hundred and fifty patient charts of c
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:74 (abstract no. WS-B31-2)
Corless IB, Halloran EJ, Belyea MJ; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
To determine whether nursing needs, hospital mortality, and discharges of HIV disease patients are different than patients with other life limiting and other illnesses. University Medical Center Uniform Hospital Discharge Data and Nursing Minimum Data (NMD) were analyzed using ICD-9CM codes for HIV
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:74 (abstract no. WS-B31-1)
Sims R; Mildmay Mission Hospital, London, UK.
Care for families affected by HIV is not new at Mildmay Mission Hospital which opened Europe s first specialist hospice for people with AIDS in February 1988. However, the emphasis is changing to an innovative programme which enables mothers and children to stay together either at home supported by creche facilities, o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:73 (abstract no. WS-B30-6)
Turner BJ, McKee L, Fanning T, Markson L; Dept. of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
We examined the pattern of outpatient care in the year before AIDS diagnosis (dx) and outcomes of care for 3,773 continuously NYS Medicaid-enrolled persons dxed with AIDS in 1987-90. For those with a generalist provider, we defined generalist shared care if an AIDS specialty provider was also consulted. For those with
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:73 (abstract no. WS-B30-5)
Posa MF, Ariodante S, Coglitore R, Grieco M, Fioramonti E, Campitelli G; Caritas of Rome.
The Caritas of Rome was the first body to start working out a social intervention strategy towards AIDS persons in Rome. In fact in 1988, in agreement with the town council of Rome, two nursing houses for men were opened, to which a third one for women and children was added. In November 1990 a domiciliary health
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:73 (abstract no. WS-B30-4)
Rafiringa O, Guiguet M, Massari V, Bouchard I, Polo Devoto J, Espinoza P; Service des Urgences de l'Hotel-Dieu.
In the population studied, 268 AIDS cases were declared from 1985-1991, 204 of which were among drug users. This study presents an analysis of vital statistics, of the same date including clinic aspects, drug use characteristics and penitentiary itinerary. (December 1991). TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. CONCLUSION:
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:73 (abstract no. WS-B30-3)
Agins B, Young M, Ellis W; AIDS Institute (AI), New York, NY.
NYSDOH, AI supports 24 AIDS Center Hospitals, 6 HIV Nursing facilities and 125 primary care sites. A new statewide program for peer review of HIV-specific care was created emphasizing 1) quality improvement; 2) data collection and 3) practice guidelines. Clinicians were asked to identify priorities for monitoring QOC.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:73 (abstract no. WS-B30-2)
Kurth A, Black J, Woods J, Kubilis J; Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis.
HIV disease service provision requires a chronic health focus. Few studies are available that document costs and benefits of care provided to a discrete patient sample across the disease continuum, however. The HIV/AIDS Links (HALs) Project provides longitudinal documentation of HIV-positive client needs across the ser
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:73 (abstract no. WS-B30-1)
Steyeg B, Ewers M, Heveker N; Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe, Berlin, FRG.
To establish a holistic working concept of home nursing, that enables PWA to live and die self-determined in their private surroundings by making ambulant nursing services available beyond the limits of traditional nursing. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: 13 services associated with the DAH have provided ambulant nu
Due to the limited efficacy and substantial side effects of biomedical therapies for HIV-infection, 40-60% of individuals with an HIV+ status or AIDS in industrialized countries search for help in scientifically unproven treatments. More than 100 different remedies and methods, grouped together under the nam
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:72 (abstract no. WS-B29-5)
Schlenzig C, Wehrenberg M, Poppinger J, Hammel G, Rieder H, Jaeger H; University of Heidelberg, FRG.
OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the long-term efficacy of physical exercise as an established additional therapy treatment of HIV Disease. METHODS. n = 49 HIV AB positive males (41) and females (8) were stratified according to their number of CD4+ cells (CD4 500/microliters). 23 patients were randomly assigned to participate in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:72 (abstract no. WS-B29-4)
Kahn JO, Arri C, Gorelick KJ, Chew T, Gambertoglio J, Williams RL; San Francisco General Hospital, CA.
To evaluate the safety of long term high dose GLQ223 in ARC patients. Patients with AIDS or ARC treated in the Phase IB study of GLQ223 and who had tolerated doses of 200 micrograms/kg of GLQ223 were candidates for the Phase IC trial. Dose levels tested were 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 mic
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:72 (abstract no. WS-B29-3)
Lugakingira E, Barongo LR; Traditional Medicine Unit, Nansio, Tanzania.
To determine if compound ELS a traditional medicine, is effective and well tolerated by patients with AIDS. Two hundred fifty six self selected, aged 1-67 years entered the study after oral consent. They had clinical AIDS confirmed by ELISA or Western blot. Compound ELS decoction was taken orally 15
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:72 (abstract no. WS-B29-2)
Stemmler de La Torre C; American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, Houston, Texas.
Data collected over a six-year period in an American urban family practice, suggests that using acupuncture as a complementary approach to traditional standard treatment of HIV disease may have a beneficial effect on the survival and quality of life of such patients. Observations include a striking reduction in health
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:72 (abstract no. WS-B29-1)
Tani M, Matusa R; Foundation of Promoting Oriental Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
We used the natural oriental medicines to treat 110 HIV positive pediatric patients (1.5 to 6 years old) for over a year. At the Municipal Hospital in Constanta, we divided 57 patients into five treatment groups. One year after the treatment began, the patients in our study have had good responses in weight, lymphadeno
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:71 (abstract no. WS-B28-6)
Walker R, Larson M, Carter C, Chang L, Blaese M, Lane HC; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
Adoptive transfer of syngeneic PBLs and bone marrow has been shown to be safe in HIV infected individuals, but no consistent immunologic or antiviral benefit has occurred. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and antiviral effects of the adoptive transfer of activated and expanded syngeneic lymphoc
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:71 (abstract no. WS-B28-5)
Keiler RH, Reder WM, Lane JT, Klimas NG, Vargas A, Maislas JD; Center for Special Immunology, Miami Beach, Florida.
Patients with late-stage AIDS demonstrate defect in both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. We investigated the use of adoptive immune reconstitution using monthly infusions of anti-HIV-1 hyperimmunoglobulin (anti-HIV Ig) and haplotype-matched peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in this group of patients. M
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:71 (abstract no. WS-B28-4)
van Lunzen J, Schmitz J, Petersen H, Schmitz H, Dietrich H; Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
Freshly isolated as well as cryopreserved human PBMC of asymptomatic HIV-infected patients and healthy controls were long-term cultured (14d) in serum-free and conventional media in the presence of PHA and IL-2 to evaluate the option of immunotherapeutic approaches by autologous retransfusion of in vitro expanded T-lym
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:71 (abstract no. WS-B 28-3)
Kang CY, Haubrich RH, Jacobsen C, Caralli V, McCutchan JA, Merritt J; IDEC Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, CA.
In previous studies, we identified a mouse monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody (3C9) which recognizes a marker on human B cells that produce broadly neutralizing anti-gp 120 antibodies. In cynomolgus monkeys, this anti-idiotype antibody induced broadly neutralizing anti-gp120 antibodies (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:254
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:71 (abstract no. WS-B28-2)
Levine AM, Allen J, Munson KM, Carlo DJ, Jensen FC, Salk J; Department of Medicine, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
In 1987 exploratory clinical studies were initiated to determine whether the development of AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals might be delayed or prevented by immunization with an inactivated HIV preparation shown to be safe and immunogenic in pre-clinical studies. 23 p
The purpose of this double-blind, adjuvant controlled, randomized parallel investigation was to study the effect of the HIV-1 Immunogen in IFA on HIV viral burden. Changes in virologic, immunologic, cytologic and disease progression markers were simultaneously assessed. 103 consenting asymptomatic s
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:70 (abstract no. WS-B27-6)
Gilles P, Gonzales-Canali G, Gluckman JC, Riviere Y, Plotkin S, Excler JL; Hop. de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris.
This phase I trial was conducted to assess safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant canarypox virus expressing gp160 MN (ALVAC-HIV, VCP 125) followed with soluble MN-BRU-rgp 160 in HIV seronegative volunteers. Twenty volunteers, HIV seronegative adults at low risk of HIV infection were recruited
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:70 (abstract no. WS-B27-5)
Franchini G, Guroff M, Tartaglia J, Aggarawal A, Abimiku A, Markham P, Sadoff HJ, Paoletti E, Gallo RC; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
Recombinant HIV-2SBL/ISY vaccine subunits were prepared using the canary pox (ALVAC), attenuated vaccinia (NY-VAC) and attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vectors. The bacterial vaccine carried the gag and env HIV-2 genes and was administered orally three times followed by two parenteral boosts with purified gp160 in Alu
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:70 (abstract no. WS-B27-4)
Gorse G, Schwartz D, Graham B, Bolognesi D, Belshe R, Eibl M; Saint Louis University, MO.
To determine the safety and immunogenicity of four versus five 50 micrograms doses of rgp160 (IIIB, IMMUNO-AG, Vienna, Austria ) administered IM in two accelerated schedules to low risk, uninfected volunteers. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial compared responses of 30 volunteers
This phase I trial was conducted to assess safety and immunogenicity in HIV seronegative volunteers of a soluble hybrid recombinant MN/BRU-rgp160 followed by a linear MN-V3 synthetic peptide. Twenty-five seronegative adult volunteers at low risk of HIV infection were recruited and selected by ANRS.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:70 (abstract no. WS-B27-2)
Kahn J, Chernoff D, Sinangil F, Baenziger J, Murcar N, Steimer K; University of California San Francisco.
A phase 1 randomized double-blind study was performed to determine safety and immunogenicity in HIV-seronegative adults of three injections (at day 0 and months 1 and 6) of a vaccine composed of 25 micrograms of recombinant HIV gp 120 (SF-2) antigen combined with MF-59 emulsion containing a muramyl tripeptide (MTP-PE)
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:70 (abstract no. WS-B27-1)
Belshe R, Keefer M, Graham B, Mathews T, Twaddell T, Fast P; St. Louis Univ., MO.
To determine the safety and immunogenicity of three injections of rgp120 MN ( Genentech , San Francisco, CA) in low risk, uninfected volunteers. A double blind randomized controlled trial compared responses of 48 volunteers to 100 micrograms rgp120 MN, 300 micrograms rgp120 MN, 600 micrograms rgp12
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:69 (abstract no. WS-B26-6)
Danner SA, Reedijk M, Boucher CA, Mayer KM, Leonard JM, Tzeng TB; Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
A-77003 is a C2 symmetry-based HIV protease inhibitor with high antiviral activity in-vitro and low affinity for other human aspartyl proteases. A 25 patient, phase-I dose-escalating study is underway to determine the maximally tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy in HIV-
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:69 (abstract no. WS-B26-5)
Haubrich RH;
To study the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of various doses of Ro 24-7429 based on changes in virologic and immunologic indices and to explore the relationship between drug dose and drug exposure with toxicity and activity endpoints. In this multicenter study, 96 HIV in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:69 (abstract no. WS-B26-4)
Staszewski S, Emini E, Massari F, Hoffstedt B, Durr-Kihn S, Stille W; Klinikum der J.W. Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt a.M., FRG.
In a double-blind study in 120 AZT-naive patients with CD4 cell counts of 200-500/cmm the non nucleoside RT-inhibitor L-697,661 was compared to AZT and combinations of both drugs. Drug regimen in the 4 treatment groups was: gr.A: AZT 300 mg/d, gr.B: AZT 300 mg/d+L 300 mg/d, gr.C: AZT 300 mg/d+L 600 mg/d, gr.D: L 600 mg
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:69 (abstract no. WS-B26-3)
Delfraissy JF, Sereni D, Brun-Vezinet F, Dussaix E, Krivine A, Dormont J, Bragman K; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France.
Ro 31-8959 a novel highly selective HIV-Proteinase Inhibitor was administered orally for 16 weeks (W) to 61 patients divided into 3 groups (75, 200 or 600 mg thrice daily). The aim of this randomized, double blind study was to investigate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics (P.K.), dose and concentration response relati
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:69 (abstract no. WS-B26-2)
Pluda J, Cooley T, Montaner J, McCaffrey R, Wainberg M, Yarchoan R; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
A phase I/II open label, dose escalating study was initiated to assess safety and activity of 3TC , the (-) enantiomer of 2 -deoxy-3 thiacytidine which has demonstrated in vitro activity against HIV. Eligible patients have ARC or AIDS and CD4 counts of
We compared efficacy and toxicity of ddI +ZDV with ddC +ZDV in HIV-infected individuals. Patients were eligible for this open, randomised pilot study, if they were treated with ZDV 250mg/bid for more than six months and a decrease in CD4 counts of at least 25% occurred
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:68 (abstract no. WS-B25-5)
Chow YK, Merrill D, Kaplan J, D'Aquila R, Hirsch M; I.D. Unit, Harvard Univ., Boston, MA.
The conventional approach to combination therapy (directed at different targets or steps in the life cycle of an organism) may be inadequate in preventing multi-drug resistance (MDR) development in HIV infections. The high mutation & homologous recombination rate of retroviral reverse transcription will give rise t
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:68 (abstract no. WS-B25-3)
Shafer RW, Kozal MJ, Winters MA, Katzenstein DA, Ragni MV, Merigan TC; Center for AIDS Research, Stanford University, CA.
We compared the effects of combination therapy (ZDV+ ddI ) vs monotherapy (ZDV) on virus load and on the development of in-vitro ZDV resistance in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with 200-500 CD4 cells/uL. 24 patients in ACTG protocol 143 began the study without prior therapy and received comb
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:68 (abstract no. WS-B25-2)
Larder BA; Wellcome Research Labs, U.K.
A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is being conducted with the primary objective of assessing the development of zidovudine resistance during combination therapy . 180 subjects recruited between May 1991 and December 1991 were randomised into 4 treatment regimens: zidovudine plus
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:68 (abstract no. WS-B25-1)
Fischl M, Collier A, Stanley K, Ardunio JM, Kazial K, Stein D;
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ZDV and ddC or ddC alone vs continued ZDV alone in patients with HIV disease and or = 6 months of prior ZDV therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to ZDV alone (600 mg/day), ddC alone (2.25 mg/day), or ZDV (600 mg/day) and ddC (2.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:67 (abstract no. WS-B24-5)
Seligmann M;
To determine whether asymptomatic HIV infected persons (CDC Group II/III) will benefit from early treatment with Zidovudine. Individuals were randomised to Zidovudine 250 mgs 4 times a day, or matching placebo. End points are survival, time to onset of CDC Group IV disease and serious adverse events
To evaluate and compare the efficacy and toxicity of ddI and ddC in pts with HIV Infection who are intolerant of or have failed ZDV therapy. METHOD: A randomized open-label, community-based study conducted by 16 units of the CPCRA. RESULTS: 467 pts were enrolled with 230 rand
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:67 (abstract no. WS-B24-3)
Pinching AJ, Carbon C;
To determine clinical efficacy and tolerance of didanosine ( ddI ) in zidovudine intolerant patients with HIV disease. Randomisation to 750 mg or 200 mg of didanosine daily as 1 sachet b.d. (lower doses for patients
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:67 (abstract no. WS-B24-2)
Allan JD, DeGruttola V, Cross A, McLaren C, Seidlin M, Pettinelli C; New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA.
DESIGN: This was a randomized double-blind trial comparing the safety and efficacy of 3 doses of orally administered ddI in patients that were hematologically intolerant of
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:66 (abstract no. WS-B23-6)
McCutchan A, Jacobson D, Robinson R, Eisenman P, Salehian B, Swerdloff R; HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, UCSD.
Compensated hypogonadism appears before progression to AIDS. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism occurs in AIDS associated with testicular inflammation and atrophy. The effects of hypogonadism on sexual function in AIDS have not been addressed. HIV-pos (16 AIDS + 33 asymptomatic) and HIV neg (27) homosexual men were followe
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:66 (abstract no. WS-B23-5)
Kimmel P, Phillips T, Abraham A, Ferreira-Centeno A, Garrett C; Dept. of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
We studied 3 HIV-infected patients with renal failure and nephrotic syndrome, with proliferative GN with crescents, consistent with immune complex GN (ICD). HIV antibodies (Abs) were assessed by ELISA; circulating immune complexes (CIC s) were measured by C 1q assay, isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation, subje
To describe diagnostic features and treatment response in HIV patients with acute sinusitis. Retrospective chart review over a 2-year period. 92 patients with HIV disease were evaluated (57: CD4 500). Diagnosis was made by clinical symptoms and radiographic findings on MRI or CAT scan. Clinical diag
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:66 (abstract no. WS-B23-3)
Sztajzel J, Doat M, Ricou F, Jeanpretre M, Burquier V, Righetti A; Cardiology Center, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
Twenty-three asymptomatic patients (20 men and 3 women, age 31.7 +/- 7.4 years (mean +/- SD)), HIV positive for 29 +/- 20 months, were studied by Doppler-echocardiography and radionuclide Tc-99m ventriculography (RNA) at rest and during cycloergometric stress. Eight patients (pts) were heterosexual, including the 3 wom
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:66 (abstract no. WS-B23-2)
Xavier SS, Cuzzi-Maya T, Chicarino JM, Gutierrez MC, Veloso VG, Grinsztejn BG; Evandro Chagas Hospital, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
In order to assess the prevalence, etiology and clinical presentation of the acute myocarditis in AIDS, we review 30 consecutive autopsies in a period of 3 years in our Institution. We analyze the clinical, electrocardiographic (EKG) and echocardiographic (ECO) data of all pts that had a clear histopathological evidenc
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:66 (abstract no. WS-B23-1)
Riederer A, Grein G, Bogner J, Froschl M; Dept. of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ., Munich, Germany.
Most HIV infected patients showed inflammatory or tumorous disorders in head and neck region. These manifestations often presented themselves as first signs for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Since 1987 229 HIV infected patients were examined and treated at the department of ENT at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Unive
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:65 (abstract no. WS-B22-6)
Kumar RM, Hamo IM, Morrison J; Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
406 multitransfused Thalassemic children attending the specialist clinic in Manipur, India , were screened by ELISA for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. Positive cases were further confirmed by Western Blot. Thirty six (8.9%) of them were HIV positive. Detailed immunological studies were done in these and
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:65 (abstract no. WS-B22-5)
Paganelli R, Scala E, Mezzaroma I, Pandolfi F, Ansotegui IJ, Fanales-Belasio E, D'Offizi GP, Aiuti F; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
We selected 8 HIV+ patients out of a group of 600 followed at our institution, who presented the following complex of symptoms: chronic pruritic dermatitis, abscesses due to S. aureus, Candida infection, hypereosinophilia and very high IgE serum levels. This clinical picture is closely resembling the primary hyper-IgE
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:65 (abstract no. WS-B22-4)
Ehmann WC, Eyster ME; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey.
To determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of thrombocytopenia (TP) in hemophiliacs who are infected with HIV, we analyzed data from the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study including both HIV (+) and HIV (-) hemophiliacs. The prevalence of TP (
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:65 (abstract no. WS-B22-3)
Hermans P, Franchioly P, Thioux C, Gray S, Vannerom H, Clumeck N; St. Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
AIDS patients frequently experience disease or treatment related myelosuppression leading to neutropenia. This open-label, non-comparative study examined the efficacy and safety of Filgrastim for reversing neutropenia due to any cause, except chemotherapy. Twenty AIDS and ARC patients (16M, 4F; aged 6-58 years) with ne
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:65 (abstract no. WS-B22-2)
Nahlen B, Chu S, Hanson D, Farizo K; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
To describe the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in HIV-infected persons. In January 1990, the CDC initiated active surveillance for HIV-related illnesses in persons > or = 13 years of age at selected medical facilities in 10 cities. Medical records were reviewed every 6 months to ascerta
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:65 (abstract no. WS-B22-1)
Pilkington R, Leonard N, O'Dowd J, O'Briain DS, Mulcahy F; Department of GenitoUrinary Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
To determine the characteristic abnormalities in bone marrow specimens from 60 patients at different stages of HIV infection and to see whether these correlate with CDC staging, clinical disease status and haematological findings. 71 bone marrow biopsies were studied. Indications for biopsy were as
To assess the efficacy and the safety of acetorphan, an orally active inhibitor of enkephalinase, in the treatment of refractory diarrhea in AIDS patients as compared to a subcutaneous long-acting somatostatin analogue. Acetorphan (100 to 300 mg t.i.d.) and octreotide (50 to 150 micrograms t.i.d.) w
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:64 (abstract no. WS-B21-5)
Calle PF, de Jose MI, Miguel MJ, Mellado MJ, Fontelos PM, Codoceo R; Hospital Infantil La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
AIM. To evaluate the usefulness of protein and lipid fecal losses quantification in children with AIDS, to adjust nutritional supplementation. METHOD. 32 children, 28% with opportunistic infections (Group A). 37.5% of malnourished (McLaren index (90, Group B) and 15.6% with both criteria (group C) were evaluated. Chole
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:64 (abstract no. WS-B21-4)
Chintu C, Zumla A, Luo N, Mathewson J, Perera C, Ngwenya B; University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka.
Between March and October 1992 a case-control study (HIV+ vs HIV-) was carried out at the University Teaching Hospital, Zambia to examine the relationship between diarrhea and HIV infection. Of 56 pediatric patients studied, 30 had AD and 26 CD. Eight patients with AD (27%) and, 10 with CD (38%) were HIV+. Of 77 adult
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:64 (abstract no. WS-B21-3)
Keating J, Somasundaram S, Smithson J, Menzias I, Francis N, Bjarnason I, Gazzard BG; HIV Unit, Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
Small intestinal morphology and function was assessed in a group of 58 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, including 12 healthy subjects and 10 patients with untreated coeliac disease. Small intestinal biopsy and the combined absorption-permeability test involving ingestion of 3-O-m-D-glucose [3 MG
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:64 (abstract no. WS-B21-2)
Schmidt W, Ullrich R, Schneider T, Bergs C, Schmidt W, Jahn HU, Zeitz M; Klinikum Steglitz, Free University Berlin, FRG.
Intestinal T cells have a unique state of activation and differentiation which might specifically affect or be affected by HIV infection. These effects of HIV infection on the intestinal immune system are not well characterized. Therefore we used flow cytometry to analyze lymphocytes isolated from endoscopical biopsies
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:64 (abstract no. WS-B21-1)
Reka S, Garro M, Kotler DP; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY.
Previous studies demonstrated that the quantitative expression of an HIV-associated antigen varies during the progression of HIV infection, and found specific associations between HIV RNA and p24 expression, mucosal inflammation, and clinical symptoms, in the absence of other enteric pathogens. Cytokine modu
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:63 (abstract no. WS-B20-6)
May T, Denis BJ, Amiel C, Hoen B, Bigard MA, Canton P; Dept of Infectious Disease, University Hospital, Nancy, France.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of symptomatic anal and perianal diseases in HIV infected patients belonging to CDC group IV. Patients presenting benign lesions, mostly secondary to diarrhea (anitis, mechanically induced erosions, hemorrhoidal crisis) were excluded. Among the 190 patients
To describe the incidence of esophageal ulcerations in symptomatic AIDS patients and microbiological, histological and endoscopic findings. 620 symptomatic HIV patients presenting with dysphagia or odynophagia underwent endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic aspect, histological a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:63 (abstract no. WS-B20-4)
Nichols M, Flaitz C, Hicks J; Bering Dental Clinic, U TX Dental Br/MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston.
The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the effects of intralesional vinblastine administration on intraoral Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) lesions in homosexual males with AIDS. The protocol consisted of thorough social and medical histories of 41 individuals with 116 KS lesions; intraoral exami
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:63 (abstract no. WS-B20-3)
Phelan JA, Mitchell-Lewis D, Bucklan R, Grbic J, Begg MD, Lamster I; Center for Oral HIV Studies, Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, New York.
The importance of oral lesions in the spectrum of HIV disease is well established and two oral lesions, candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia, are often used in the clinical staging of patients. We compared oral lesions in two cohorts of subjects enrolled in a longitudinal study of the natural history of HIV infection; int
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:63 (abstract no. WS-B20-2)
Kotler DP, Garro ML, Giang T, Orenstein JM; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hosp, Columbia Univ., New York.
Intestinal microsporidiosis (M) is the cause of chronic diarrhea and severe enteropathy in AIDS in up to one third of unexplained cases. To date, diagnosis has relied upon transmission electron microscopy (TEM), due to uncertainties in routine light microscopy (LM). We determined the sensitivity and specific
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:63 (abstract no. WS-B20-1)
Schneider T, Ullrich R, Jahn HU, Bergs C, Schmidt W, Zeitz M; Klinikum Steglitz, FU Berlin, FRG.
The effects of HIV infection on the intestinal immune system are not well characterized. Therefore we used flow cytometry to analyze lymphocytes isolated from endoscopical biopsies. Lymphocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion and gradient centrifugation from duodenal biopsies of 19 HIV-infected patients a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:62 (abstract no. WS-B19-6)
Toma E, Tremblay C, Passerini L; Hotel-Dieu de Montreal, Canada.
Clindamycin/primaquine (C/P) is effective in AIDS patients with mild-to-moderately severe PCP . We assessed the tolerance and clinical outcome of C/P therapy in 23 cases of severe PCP with PaO2, at entry, or = 2nd episode.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:62 (abstract no. WS-B19-5)
Phillips P, Montaner JS, Craib KJ, Le TN, O'Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
To assess compliance with current guidelines for the prevention of specific respiratory diseases within a cohort of homosexual men. We identified HIV+ men in our cohort who completed an annual visit during the period 10/91 to 9/92 and who were AIDS-free as of 9/92 (n = 206). HIV+ men who completed a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:62 (abstract no. WS-B19-4)
Asboe D, Fisher MJ, Nelson MR, Gazzard BG; HIV Unit, Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
To assess the incidence of pneumothorax in association with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) and the success of medical and surgical intervention. All patients presenting to our unit from 1988-92 were assessed for the incidence of PCP and pneumothorax. RESULTS: Within the study period there were 380
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:62 (abstract no. WS-B19-3)
Afolabi OA, Pozniak A, Mutetwa S, Awotedu A, Neill P, Robertson V; School of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe.
To determine the influence of HIV on the aetiology, clinical features and outcome of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Adults with respiratory symptoms and/or signs with new pulmonary shadowing on chest X-ray were enrolled over a 4-month period. Known TB or HIV positive patients were excluded. Ev
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:62 (abstract no. WS-B19-2)
Casalino E, Wolff M, Mendoza-Sassi G, Bedos JP, Lucet JC, Vachon F; Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
The validity of intensive care for HIV patients is discussed. To evaluate the in-ICU mortality according to the reason of admission and to assess the prognostic factors of mortality, all the HIV patients admitted in our unit between January 89 and December 90 were classified as followed: Pneumocy
To compare the levels of HIV-1 DNA and RNA synthesis in MC isolated from BAL and PB of the same HIV-1 infected individuals. BAL and PB specimens were obtained from six HIV-positive patients who had no pulmonary symptoms or who were undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy to rule out an opportunistic infe
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:61 (abstract no. WS-B18-6)
Routy JP, Allegre T, Toma E, Beaulieu R, Petrella M, Lebel F; Research Center (UHRESS) Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
To evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of IT Zidovudine (ZDV) in HIV patients with ADC stages III or IV. To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of IT ZDV. METHOD: ZDV was administered by bolus injection (50 mg q 12h or 100mg q 24h) via an implanted lumbar access with a catheter passing into the CSF. Patien
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:61 (abstract no. WS-B18-5)
Hall C, Robertson K, Messenheimer J, Wilkins J, Whaley R, Kwock L; University of N. Carolina AIDS Neurologic Center, Chapel Hill.
There is continuing controversy as to whether the primary neurologic effects of HIV infection occur only in the later stages of the systemic disease, or whether there is a gradual decline in neurologic function through the early stages, which only becomes evident in the later course. To address this, we have evaluated
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:61 (abstract no. WS-B18-4)
Selnes OA, Galai N, McArthur JC, Miller EN, Bacellar H, Palenicek JG; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
To study the magnitude and pattern of cognitive changes with progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic HIV disease. Cross-sectional studies have documented cognitive impairment in patients with AIDS, but there are no longitudinal studies which describe the timing and severity of these changes
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:61 (abstract no. WS-B18-3)
Portegies P, Cornelissen M, Hintzen RQ, Godfried M, Bakker M, Goudsmit J; Dept. of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
To study HIV-1 p24 antigen expression, genomic HIV-1 RNA and four immunological markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AIDS dementia complex (ADC), in order to find CSF-markers for ADC and to study their possible role in the pathogenesis of ADC. HIV-1 p24 antigen was assayed in paired serum/CS
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:61 (abstract no. WS-B18-2)
Brew BJ, Pemberton L, Heyes M, Evans L; Centre for Immunology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
We have previously reported that Quinolinic acid (QUIN), a neurotoxin acting through the N Methyl D Aspartate receptor, is markedly elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AIDS dementia complex (ADC) and is produced by HIV-1 infected and interferon stimulated macrophages. We sought to add
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:61 (abstract no. WS-B18-1)
Cinque P, Brytting M, Vago L, Castagna A, d'Arminio Monforte A, Linde A; Virology Dept. National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the diagnostic potential of PCR from CSF in viral opportunistic infections and primary lymphoma of the CNS in patients with AIDS. PATIENTS AND METHODS. CSF samples from 39 AIDS patients with autopsy diagnosis of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection of the CNS
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:60 (abstract no. WS-B17-6)
Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Ahn DK; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
The number of cases of anal cancer in single, never-married men in the San Francisco Bay area has increased over seven-fold since the onset of the HIV epidemic. To obtain data on prevalence, natural history and risk factors for progression of potentially precancerous anal disease, 58 men with group IV HIV disease from
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:60 (abstract no. WS-B17-5)
Williams A, Darragh T, Osmond D, Vranizan K, Moss AR, Palefsky J; Yale University.
OBJECTIVES--Determine the prevalence of anal and cervical infection with human papillomavirus ( HPV ) and cytological abnormalities and examine the relationship between HPV infection, cytological abnormalities, and HIV-1 serostatus in female injection drug users. METHODS--Anal and cervical cytologic smears were obtaine
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:60 (abstract no. WS-B17-4)
Sankari SS, Rajini; Government Kasthurba Gandhi Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Madras, India.
To study the incidence of HIV infection in women suffering from cervical erosion and CIN and STD clinic attending women who are high risk groups and compare with antenatal women in the same hospital. 50 women from general hospital attending colposcopy clinic, 50 women attending STD clinic and 50 Ant
To investigate the importance of genital infections in HIV infected women as possible markers of immunodeficiency. RESULTS: In a cohort of 195 HIV infected women chronic infections with human papilloma virus ( HPV ) were seen in 51% and in 41% HPV related cervical dysplasia/neoplasia were most prominent com
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:60 (abstract no. WS-B17-2)
Wright T, Sun X, Ellerbrock T, Chiasson M; Columbia University, NY, NY.
To determine the association of infections with human papillomavirus ( HPV ), HPV 18, and multiple HPV types with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) & CD4+ lymphocyte counts in HIV+ and HIV- women. Cervicovaginal lavages from 192 HIV+ and 187 HIV- women were analyzed for HPV DNA by polymer
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:60 (abstract no. WS-B17-1)
Stephens PC, Zheng T, Holford T, Flannery J, Vance S; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
25,765 primary incident cases cervical cancer (ICCA)(1935-1989) and 293 CDC-defined AIDS cases in women (1982-1989) were examined by age at diagnosis, age-adjusted incidence (AAI) and age-specific incidence (ASI) rates; stratified by race and histological type (CA only); and analyzed for age-period-cohort effects (APC)
The occurrence of certain neoplasms in HIV-infected patients (HIV+) has been considered as a sign of AIDS-manifestation (CDC IV D). While single cases of genital or anal squamous cell carcinoma have been noted, clinic and histology of HIV-associated oral carcinomas (CA) have rarely been described. To describ
AIDS and cancer registries in the US are excellent sources of information about non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) but their value is limited: AIDS registries do not record NHLs diagnosed after AIDS and cancer registries do not record HIV infection. We linked AIDS and cancer registries in seven regions and used Poisson regre
Survival and appearance of opportunistic infections (OI) were assessed in an ongoing prospective pilot study in patients with HIV related NHL. High-risk (HR) and normal-risk (NR) patients were distinguished. The HR-group fulfilled 2 of 3 criteria: T4 2; OI. The NR-group did not meet HR-criteria nor
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:59 (abstract no. WS-B16-3)
Rea D, Delecluse HJ, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Joab I, Rowe M, Raphael M;
AIDS-related NHL are frequently associated with EBV, on the basis of virus genome detection and latent gene expression. Recent studies show that EBV replication may occur in tumor cells. In order to investigate EBV replicative cycle, the pattern of EBV replicative gene expression was analysed in 18 EBV-positive AIDS-re
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:59 (abstract no. WS-B16-2)
Tirelli U, Errante D, Tavio M, Polizzi P, Bernardi D, Talamini R; Division of Medical Oncology and AIDS Program, Aviano, Italy.
The aim of this study is to compare the toxicity and the cost of CT with G-CSF versus CT without G-CSF. We have analyzed 37 consecutive patients (pts) treated with intensive CT regimes, 19 pts from July 89 to June 91 without G-CSF and 18 pts from July 91 to September 92 with G-CSF, 5 mcg a.c./day starting 24 hours afte
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:59 (abstract no. WS-B16-1)
Ward JW, Fleming P; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
To describe adults > 13 years old with ARL. METHODS. Immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL), Burkitt s lymphoma (BL), and primary brain lymphoma (PBL) are AIDS-defining conditions (ADC). AIDS cases diagnosed from 1/88 through 12/91 and reported to CDC through 11/92 were reviewed. RESULTS. Of 147,834 adults with AIDS, 5,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:58 (abstract no. WS-B15-6)
Goebel FD, Bogner JR, Spathling S, Held M, Sandor P, Rolinski B; Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Munich, Germany.
A phase I/II open study was performed to assess clinical effects of intravenously administered liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil) in advanced KS. PATIENT AND 40 patients (pts) with advanced AIDS-KS (median CD4 count at entry 27/microliters) are evaluable for response and toxicity to date. Doxil was admin
AIMS: Comparison of HIV-associated (AKS) and endemic (EKS) Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). MATERIAL AND Biopsies were studied by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and Feulgen based, quantitative DNA measurements. HIV serology was performed by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were determined b
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:58 (abstract no. WS-B15-4)
Huang YO, Li JJ, Nicolaides A, Zhang WG, Friedman-Kien AE; Dept. of Microbiol., NYU Med. Ctr., New York.
Several growth factors and cytokines including bFGF, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and oncostatin M have been shown to be involved in the proliferation of KS-derived cells in vitro. However, their relevance to the pathogenesis of KS in vivo remains to be elucidated. The expression of growth factors (aFGF, bFGF, FGF3, FGF-4, FGF5, an
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:58 (abstract no. WS-B15-3)
Chew T, Jacobs M, Huckabee M, Ross M; HIV Care, Saint Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco, CA.
A phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous daunorubicin loaded liposomes, DaunoXome , in HIV positive individuals with progressive cutaneous and/or visceral KS. Twenty two HIV positive individuals with biopsy proven KS were enrolled into the study. Tw
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:58 (abstract no. WS-B15-2)
Klimas N, Fletcher M, Walling J, Pardo V, Okarma T, Kremer J; VA Med. Cen., Miami, FL.
To evaluate safety and tumor response to autologous CD8 cells and rIL-2 in HIV+ patients with KS. METHOD: Of 10 enrolled subjects, 6 have completed > or = 3 of the 5 planned cell expansions, and are evaluable. Each month for 5 months, subjects are leukophoresed, the CD8 lymphocytes isolated with the CD8 CELL
INTRODUCTION/Since 83, with the emergence of HIV, incidence of KS has been on the increase in Zambia (1. Bayley, A. 1990). Epidemiological & clinical features of KS among 412 patients (pxs) seen from 1/90-12/92 are summarised here. RESULTS: M(ale):F(emale) dropped to 2.3:1 (10:1 in 83, 5:1 in 89). Mean a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:57 (abstract no. WS-B14-6)
Schwartz DA, Visvesvara GS, Weber R, Bryan RT; Dept. of Pathology, Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA.
Microsporidiosis has become a significant cause of opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. Most recognized infections occur in the intestinal and hepatobiliary tracts, associated with Enterocytozoon bieneusi. A smaller, but expanding, number of patients have been reported with ocular disease and, in one case, systemi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:57 (abstract no. WS-B14-5)
Weber R, Bryan RT, Vugia DJ, Kaiser L, Sauer B, Luthy R; University Hospitals of Zurich, Switzerland.
To assess clinical and epidemiologic data on HIV-associated enteric infections, HIV-seropositive patients (pts) with and without diarrhea were prospectively followed at HIV outpatient clinics in Switzerland and Atlanta. E. bieneusi was found in 27 pts (23 m, 3 f, 1 child) using a coprodiagnostic technique [NEJM 1992;32
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:57 (abstract no. WS-B14-4)
Rabaud C, May T, Amiel C, Lucet JC, Katlama C, Canton P; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Brabois Hospital, Nancy, France.
Issued for a national survey, we report 72 cases of toxoplasmosis with pulmonary localization in HIV infected patients, diagnosed in France from January 1990 to September 1992. The prevalence of PT in these patients can be estimated to 1 per 100 patient-years. Before the diagnosis of PT, 5 patients had no serological e
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:57 (abstract no. WS-B14-3)
Schumann D, Grunewald T, Bergmann F, Ruf B; II. Department of Internal Medicine (Department for Infectious Diseases), Rudolf Virchow University Hospital, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Fansidar in the primary prophylaxis of PCP and TE in HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:57 (abstract no. WS-B14-2)
Chan CK, Favell K, Lee Pack LR, McIvor RA; Toronto AP Clinic, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Aerosol pentamidine (AP) has been a successful prophylaxis in the late 80 s and continues to be the second line drug of choice in the 90 s for those intolerant to TMP/SMX. Choice of PCP prophylaxis following breakthrough PCP however seems arbitrary. Over the last 3 years we have enrolled > 1,200 patients in an AP progr
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:57 (abstract no. WS-B14-1)
White A, Rogers M, Andrews E, Brown N, Nusinoff-Lehrman S, Tilson H; Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC.
To evaluate the clinical experience of patients treated with oral atovaquone for acute Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) in a Treatment IND (TIND) and an Open-Label (O-L) study in the U.S. Patients were enrolled from November 13, 1991 through December 15, 1992. Patients with mild-to-moderate PC
To evaluate the efficacy of oral paromomycin (a non diffusible aminoside) in AIDS-related cryptosporidiosis . 24 consecutive HIV-infected patients with cryptosporidial diarrhoea were enrolled in an open prospective study. Paromomycin was given 2 g/day during 4 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:56 (abstract no. WS-B13-5)
Harris M, Deutsch G, MacLean JD, Tye L, Tsoukas CM; Immune Deficiency Treatment Centre, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Canada.
No effective treatment is available for the intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium, a common cause of chronic diarrhea and responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Letrazuril for treatment of AIDS-related Cryptosporidiosis. METHOD
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:56 (abstract no. WS-B13-4)
Gerard L, Daleine G, Longuet P, Le Bras J, Leport C, Vilde JL; Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
The natural history of cryptosporidiosis in HIV patients (pts) seems highly variable. To detect factors which might predict outcome, the charts of pts with Cryptosporidium in stools were reviewed. From 01/89 to 01/92, Cryptosporidium was looked for by direct examination of stools in 352 hospitalized HIV pts and was fou
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:56 (abstract no. WS-B13-3)
Grunewald T, Bergmann F, Eljaschewitsch J, Pohle HD, Ruf B; II. Department of Internal Medicine (Department for Infectious Diseases), Rudolf Virchow University Hospital, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany.
To compare the efficacy and safety of biweekly Dapson/pyrimethamine (D/P) or sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (S/P) in the primary (pp) and secondary prophylaxis (sp) of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) and toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) in AIDS patients. Setting: prospective, randomized study with 76
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:56 (abstract no. WS-B13-2)
Tournerie C, Charreau I;
To evaluate the effect of TMP-SMX given for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) prophylaxis in preventing toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) in advanced HIV patients. The study population is extracted from the multinational INSERM/MRC Alpha trial, a randomised double blind trial
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:56 (abstract no. WS-B13-1)
May T, Rabaud C, Amiel C, Katlama C, Leport C, Ambroise-Thomas D, Canton P; CHU, Nancy, France.
A national survey of extracerebral toxoplasmosis (ECT) was performed in HIV patients in France , between January 1990 and September 1992. A cohort of 202 patients was collected from 37 different hospitals. The risk of developing ECT ranged between 1.5 and 2%, compared with 15 to 37% for cerebral localizations (accordin
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:55 (abstract no. WS-B12-6)
Cheung T, Rose D, Sacks H; Mount Sinai Medical Center, N.Y., N.Y.
PURPOSE: To determine the thresholds of safety and effectiveness of long-term therapy to prevent the first episode of serious fungal infection in HIV infected persons with CD4 counts
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:55 (abstract no. WS-B12-5)
Milefchik E, Leal M, Haubrich R, See D, Bozzette S, Larsen R; LAC+USC.
To determine the efficacy and toxicity of fluconazole in escalating doses alone or combined with flucytosine (5-FC) in the treatment of AIDS associated cryptococcal meningitis. METHOD: Persons with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis were randomly assigned, for up to 26 weeks, fluconazole at 800 mg, 1200 mg or
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:55 (abstract no. WS-B12-4)
Witt MD, Mortara LA, Larsen RA, Lewis RJ, Edwards JE, Ghannoum MA; Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance.
Fluconazole is an attractive alternative to amphotericin B (AmB) as primary (1 degree) therapy for cryptococcal (CRYPTO) meningitis in persons with AIDS. However, failure rates of approximately 60% have been reported with fluconazole (FLU). We recently developed a system for determining CRYPTO antifungal susceptibiliti
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:55 (abstract no. WS-B12-3)
Taelman H, Boogaerts J, Kagame A, Batungwanayo J, Clerinx J, Vandeperre P; Centre Hospitalier de Kigali, CHK.
To compare the efficacy and tolerance of itraconazole(Itr) with amphotericinB (AmB) in the primary treatment of acute cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in AIDS patients. DESIGN: Patients with culture proven CM were randomly assigned to Itr IV 100 mg bid for 1 wk followed by Itr oral 200 mg bid until conversion of
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:55 (abstract no. WS-B12-2)
Cartledge JD, Midgley J, Youle M, Fisher M, Gazzard BG; Westminster/St Stephen's HIV Unit, London, UK.
To retrospectively evaluate ITR-SOL in HIV antibody positive patients with unresponsive oral (OC) and esophageal (EC) candidiasis . All recipients of ITR-SOL were identified from pharmacy records and their notes reviewed together with the results of antifungal susceptibilities performed on their candida i
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:55 (abstract no. WS-B12-1)
Reynes I, Pujol C, Renaud F, Mallie M, Janbon F, Bastide JM; Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Montpellier, France.
To evaluate the epidemiology of Candida albicans infection in HIV+ patients before and during fluconazole treatment using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE). The C. albicans isolates from 63 HIV+ adults with oral thrush were examined. The polymorphism of proteins (isoenzymes) presented by 13 lo
In a cohort of 65 hemophiliacs co-infected with HCV, HBV and HIV, we analyzed the rate of progression to AIDS in those with no/low, mild vs. high inflammatory liver activity (ILA) (transaminases > 2x normal). 4 HBsAg positive patients were excluded from the study. Study onset was from 1/1986. The st
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:54 (abstract no. WS-B11-5)
Polis MA, Baird B, Jaffe HS, Fisher PE, Walker RE, Masur H; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
To determine the pharmacokinetics, maximally tolerated dose (MTD), and preliminary efficacy of HPMPC against cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) given intravenously (IV) twice weekly (biw) in HIV-infected persons with CMV viruria. HPMPC is a nucleotide analog with marked in vitro and in vivo activity against CMV.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:54 (abstract no. WS-B11-4)
Blanshard C, Katlama C, Dohin E, Benhamou Y, Gazzard B, Lernestedt JO; Westminster Hospital, London.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of foscarnet and ganciclovir in induction therapy of AIDS-related CMV gastrointestinal infections. Patients with symptomatic gastrointestinal CMV, verified by endoscopy and demonstration of CMV inclusions on biopsy, were randomised to receive foscarnet 90 mg/kg b.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:54 (abstract no. WS-B11-3)
Carosi G, Castelli F;
To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of foscarnet 60 mg/kg TID (standard rx) versus foscarnet 90 mg/kg BID (possible higher compliance) in 3 weeks induction therapy of AIDS-related CMV retinitis. AIDS pts with CMV retinitis were randomized to foscarnet rx 180 mg/kg/day divided into two or
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:54 (abstract no. WS-B11-2)
Tolpin M, Pollard R, Tierney M, Nokta M, Wood D, Hirsch M; Sandoz Research Institute, E. Hanover, NJ.
SDZ MSL 109, which is neutralizing, non-complement dependent and directed to a conformational epitope on gH, has been shown to be active monotherapeutically and in combination with DHPG or PFA in the rabbit model of CMV retinitis and to be additive with DHPG or PFA in vitro. In an open-label Phase I study designed to e
CMV retinitis and its treatments can have profound effects on vision-related quality of life in HIV disease. We designed a questionnaire to assess visual symptoms, visual function in daily activities, general vision rating and treatment impact, and pilot tested it in CMV retinitis patients. Twenty-s
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:53 (abstract no. WS-B10-6)
Church T, Horsburgh R, Brelje T, Cohn D, Gibert C; Div. of Biostat. Sch. of Pub. Hlth., Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
No trials in AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) have shown efficacy of anti-DMAC therapy (MAC-Rx) on subsequent survival. A group of 467 patients from the CPCRA, all on anti-retrovirals, was used to study how DMAC and MAC-Rx affect mortality. Cox s regression with ti
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:53 (abstract no. WS-B10-5)
Shafran SD, Singer J, Zarowny D; University of Alberta, Canada.
To describe the design and current status of the Canadian Multicentre randomized trial comparing two oral combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of MAC bacteremia in adult AIDS patients. DESIGN: Patients are randomized to either (i) rifampin, ethambutol, ciprofloxacin, and clofazimine or (ii) ri
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:53 (abstract no. WS-B10-4)
Bucher G, Kissinger P, Clark R, Brandon W, Morse A; HIV Primary Care LSU Medical Center, New Orleans.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of commonly prescribed treatment regimes on the survival of HIV infected patients with Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex Disease (DMACD). Of 412 Patients enrolled in a HIV primary care outpatient clinic in New Orleans with entry CD4
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:53 (abstract no. WS-B10-3)
d'Arminio Monforte A, Vago L, Gervasoni C, Franzetti F, Mena M, Guzzetti S; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Univ of Milan, Sacco H, Italy.
Observational study: 1) to evaluate the frequency of clinical and autopsy diagnoses of atypical mycobacterioses ( MAC ), pulmonary (p-tbc) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (e-tbc) in AIDS patients; 2) to compare clinical and autopsy findings. We studied 350 consecutive AIDS patients cared by the Clin
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:53 (abstract no. WS-B10-2)
Pechere M, Emler S, Wald A, Besessen M, Bottger EC, Hirschel B; Div. Mal. infect., Hopital Cantonal, Geneve, Switzerland.
MG is a newly recognized fastidious pathogen (NEJM 1990; 323:109-112, Lancet 1992;340:76-80). The diagnosis was made in most cases by blood culture and amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. We contacted physicians treating the patients with a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: Cases wer
To determine clinical and immunological characteristics of HIV positive patients developing Tuberculosis (TB) or atypical mycobacterial infections (AM). All HIV-related TB and AM cases seen in 12 german HIV/AIDS treatment centers were analyzed in a standardized procedure. RESULTS: 462 patients were
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:52 (abstract no. WS-B09-6)
Edlin BR, Attoe LS, Grieco MH, Williams J, Schneider N, Gilligan ME; CDC, Atlanta, Ga.
MDRTB is a serious emerging problem because of difficulties in recognizing and treating the disease in HIV-infected patients. We reviewed the presentation, treatment, and outcome of 38 HIV-infected patients with primary MDRTB during a hospital outbreak. Patients with a history of prior TB infection
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:52 (abstract no. WS-B09-5)
Rose DN, Weltman A; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
PURPOSE: To characterize the antibiotic sensitivities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in our patients, for the purpose of choosing an initial therapeutic regimen for patients with active tuberculosis (TB). We recorded the sensitivities of the initial isolates of all TB patients at our hospital over a 23
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:52 (abstract no. WS-B09-4)
Holt E, Cantave M, Johnson M, Clermont HC, Atkinson J, Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD.
To compare the efficacy of thrice-weekly therapy for TB in HIV+ and HIV- patients. Patients clinically diagnosed with TB from 2/90 to 3/92 in Cite Soleil had HIV serology performed and were treated with supervised, thrice weekly INH/RIF/PZA/EMB for 2 mos. then INH/RIF for 4 mos. RESULTS: 423 patient
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:52 (abstract no. WS-B09-3)
Aisu T, Raviglione MC, van Praag E, Eriki P, Narain JP, Tembo G, Adatu F, Naamara W; Ministry of Health, Uganda and World Health Organization.
To evaluate the feasibility of PT for TB in persons dually infected with HIV and M. tuberculosis identified at the AIDS Information Centre (AIC), a free standing HIV voluntary counselling and testing centre in Kampala, Uganda . All HIV(+) persons identified at AIC were counselled and offered PPD ski
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:52 (abstract no. WS-B09-2)
Ackah A, Diallo K, Digbeu H, Boateng E, Coulibaly D, De Cock KM; Project RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
(1) To describe CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (CD4+) in HIV-infected and uninfected patients with tuberculosis (TB); (2) to assess influence of CD4+ on disease and outcome. Consecutive new TB patients were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and had CD4+ measured by flow cytometry. Clinical features o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:52 (abstract no. WS-B09-1)
Batungwanayo J, Taelman H, Bogaerts J, Muhlberger F, van Deun A, van de Perre P; Centre Hospitalier de Kigali (CHK), Rwanda.
To analyze and compare the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and immunological features of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV seropositive (HIV+) patients (pts) and HIV seronegative (HIV-) pts, admitted to and followed-up in the Department of Internal Medicine of CHK. PATIENTS AND All the records of TB patie
To describe etiologic agents in acute sinusitis in patients with HIV disease. 92 patients with HIV disease and a diagnosis of sinusitis were evaluated retrospectively by chart review over a two-year period. Of these 92 patients, 57 had CD4 500. The diagnosis of sinusitis was made by radiographic fin
To characterize the clinical spectrum of P. aeruginosa (Pa) infections in HIV-infected patients. A retrospective review of microbiological and clinical records from 7/88 to 10/92. RESULTS: Forty-three hospitalized patients (44 episodes) with clinically significant Pa infections were identified. The
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:51 (abstract no. WS-B08-4)
Nelson MR, Fisher M, Asboe D, Gazzard BG; HIV Unit, Westminster Hospital, London.
To compare infection rates between Hickman (H) lines and Portacath (P)--a totally implantable device--in the management of CMV retinitis. All patients with CMV retinitis were advised to continue maintenance therapy after initial treatment of their disease to prevent relapse. The choice of H or P is person
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:51 (abstract no. WS-B08-3)
Schurmann D, Eljaschewitsch J, Sandfort J, Stephan R, Pohle HD, Ruf B; 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Rudolf Virchow University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
To evaluate the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in treating AIDS patients with bacteremic nontyphoidal salmonella infection. High rate of recurrent nontyphoidal salmonella bacteremia after antibiotic therapy, open questions on duration of treatment and necessity of maintenance treatment. PATIENTS AND M
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:51 (abstract no. WS-B08-2)
Gilks C, Mwachira C, Simani P, Otieno L; Kenya Medical Research Institute.
To describe the interaction of HIV and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) pneumonia in adults Adults with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were enrolled. Cases of Spn pneumonia were identified by culture and matched by age and sex to trauma victims seen in Kenyatta hospital. RESULTS: 145 CAP patients
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:51 (abstract no. WS-B08-1)
Afessa B, Hassan S, Polk O, Frederick W; Dept. of Medicine, Howard Univ. Hosp., Washington, DC.
To determine the differences between HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected (HIV-) patients (pts), we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 157 cases of pneumococcal bacteremia (PB) from 1985 to 1989. Twenty-nine were HIV+ and 128 HIV-. No patient had AIDS. The mean age was 32.1 +/- 7.4 and 51.2 +/- 19.0 years fo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:50 (abstract no. WS-B07-6)
Keyes C, Agins B, Kulpa B, Woodard P, Fox K, Muller M; Island Peer Review Organization (IPRO) Lk Success, NY.
To evaluate extent of GYN Primary Care provided to patients in NYS Designated AIDS Centers (DAC s). Medical records of 120 inpatients (31 female) and 120 outpatients (27 female) randomly selected from 6 DAC s were evaluated for performance of GYN history, pelvic exam with Pap smears and discussion o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:50 (abstract no. WS-B07-5)
Ellerbrock T, Wright TC, Chiasson MA, Bush TJ; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
To determine magnitude of association of HIV infection with CIN, when controlling for other CIN associated variables by logistic-regression analysis. We interviewed a clinic-based sample of HIV+ and HIV- women, all of whom received a pelvic exam, Pap smear, and colposcopy, followed by cervical biops
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:50 (abstract no. WS-B07-4)
Chiphangwi J, Dallabetta G, Miotti P, Liomba G, Canner J, Shah K; Malawi Medical School, Blantyre.
To determine HPV expression in HIV-1 seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) women followed longitudinally. Cervicovaginal lavage specimens collected at two time points from 104 HIV-1 seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) women in Malawai were tested for HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RES
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:50 (abstract no. WS-B07-3)
Johnston FD, Williams AR, Bird GA, Bjornsson S; Department of Obstetrics, Pathology and Immunology, University of Edinburgh.
We examined lymphocyte infiltration of endometrium in HIV infected women to explore a potential reservoir of infection and a possible cause of menstrual symptoms. We studied 15 endometrial samples from 12 HIV+ women. Controls were individually and stringently matched for nine clinical features. Mono
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:50 (abstract no. WS-B07-2)
Kamenga M, Toure CK, N'gbichi JM, Kreiss J, St Louis M, De Cock K; Project SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire.
1) To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in women with PID. 2) To compare clinical course of PID and prevalence of selected STD s between HIV(+) and HIV(-) women. Women aged 18-45 with PID in 5 primary care clinics and 1 University hospital in Abidjan were tested for HIV after informed conse
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:50 (abstract no. WS-B07-1)
Irwin K, Rice R, O'Sullivan M, Sperling R, Brodman M, Moorman A; CDC, Atlanta, GA.
To determine if the clinical presentation and course of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among HIV+ and HIV- differ, we started a multicenter prospective study in 1991. Women with unknown HIV serostatus who sought treatment in emergency rooms were diagnosed with and treated for PID by standardized methods. Clinicians
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:49 (abstract no. WS-B06-5)
Raden UB, Urassa W, Urassa E, Massawe A, Mhalu F, Biberfeld G; National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
To evaluate predictive markers of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Sera of HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative mothers of newborns were analysed by p24ag ELISA (Coulter) with acid pretreatment and beta 2-microglobulin ELISA (Pharmacia). The mother s T-lymphocyte subsets were analysed in a FACS
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:49 (abstract no. WS-B06-4)
Puel J, Izopet J, Lheritier D, Briant L, Guyader M, Tricoire J, Berrebi A; Department of Virology, CHU Toulouse, France.
In order to assess the role of maternal viraemia in mother-to-child HIV transmission, we have carried out a prospective study of viral load in 24 infected pregnant women regularly followed-up during pregnancy. Quantitations of plasmatic and cell viremia were performed according to ANRS technique (Rouzioux,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:49 (abstract no. WS-B06-3)
Lallemant M, Baillou A, Lallemant-Le Coeur S, Nzingoula S, M'Pele P, Barin F, Essex M; Dept. of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
We evaluated 70 HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their infants enrolled in a clinical and biological prospective study in Brazzaville, Congo . At 18 months, 42 infants were seronegative and 28 were infected (16 were seropositive and 12 had died of AIDS). We measured maternal antibody levels to the V3 domain o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:49 (abstract no. WS-B06-2)
Palumbo P, Bardeguez A, Wesley Y, Lewis D, Oleske J, Connor E; Pediatric/Perinatal HIV Research Program, UMD-New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
To analyze viral burden/activity and immune cell number in HIV-infected pregnant women and to determine correlation with perinatal transmission. Assays included quantitative DNA PCR (QPCR), standard (Abbott) and immune complex dissociated (ICD-Coulter) p24 antigen, and viral culture. QPCR was perfor
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:49 (abstract no. WS-B06-1)
Dabis F, Ladner J, De Clerq A, Zilimwagabo C, Ntezayabo B, Bazubagira A, Msellati P, Van de Perre P; INSERM Unit 330, University of Bordeaux II, France.
1/ To describe the pregnancy outcomes in HIV-1 infected (HIV+) pregnant women treated for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in comparison with HIV-negative (HIV-) women; 2/ To study anthropometric characteristics in infants born to HIV-1 infected mothers. A cohort study has been initiated at the
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:48 (abstract no. WS-B05-6)
Spector SA, Gelber RD, McGrath N, Connor EM, Wara DW, Balsley JF; U.C. San Diego.
ACTG 051 evaluated the ability of zidovudine (ZDV) vs ZDV + IVIG to prevent or delay the occurrence of serious bacterial infections (SBI) in children 3 mos-12 yrs with AIDS or ARC. Of 255 patients, 129 received ZDV + IVIG and 126 ZDV + placebo. The mean follow-up was 25.5 mos (median: 30.6 mos), median age was 2.5 yrs,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:48 (abstract no. WS-B05-5)
Schupbach J, Boni J, Tomasik Z, Jendis J, Seger R, Kind C; Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zurich.
To develop a simple affordable procedure for the quantitative measurement of HIV protein in body fluids. Sera were subjected to a 5 min boiling that destroys the Ag binding ability of antibodies and irreversibly releases Ag from immune complexes. Commercial Ag p24 assays from different manufacturers
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:48 (abstract no. WS-B05-4)
Grubman S, Connor E, Hernandez M, Lerner Weiss N, Oleske J; UMDNJ-NJ Medical School, Newark.
Children s Hospital AIDS Program (CHAP) of CHNJ is currently following 195 HIV-infected children (excluding 125 P-0). Of these, 37 (19%) are perinatally infected children older than nine years. 28/37 (76%) have AIDS (incl 6 added with 1993 CDC definition), 2/37 (5%) have mild symptoms, and 7/37 (19%) are asymptomatic e
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:48 (abstract no. WS-B05-3)
Lopez EL, Fallo A, Redondo J, Giraudi V, Sordelli N, Wainstein C; Hospital de Ninos Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Since 1988, 115 children with AIDS were seen in the three Children Hospital of Buenos Aires. Fifty six percent of the cases were female and 44% were male. The perinatal transmission occurred in 104 (90%) of the patients. Maternal risk factors were: intravenous drug user 53 (51%), heterosexual transmission with HIV posi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:48 (abstract no. WS-B05-2)
Nawrocki P, Bulterys M, Chao A, Mugabo E, Dushimimana A, Saah A; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
To evaluate T-cell subset changes in HIV-1 infected Rwandan children between 1 and 20 months of age. As part of a prospective cohort study of vertical HIV-1 transmission, heparinized peripheral blood was collected from 21 HIV infected children, 133 HIV uninfected children born to HIV sero(+) mothers
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:48 (abstract no. WS-B05-1)
Lipshultz SE; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, Maryland.
Left ventricular (LV) function was prospectively measured as part of a multicenter study of cardiac complications in HIV-infected children. Echocardiography was performed at enrollment on 130 infected children (88% CDC class P-2) (median age, 2.0 yr; range, 0.2-14 yr). Z-score measurements of LV fractional shortening (
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:47 (abstract no. WS-B04-5)
Diomand G, Diaby L, N'Gbichi JM, Diallo K, Boateng E, De Cock KM; Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
(1) To assess frequency of HIV-negative CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4+) depletion in selected populations; and (2) to assess frequency and outcome of AIDS-like illness associated with low CD4+. (1) Review of CD4+ data from medical patients in 1991; women delivering in Maternal and Child Health Centre in 1
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:47 (abstract no. WS-B04-4)
Bakshi S, Oyaizu N, Chirmule N, Tetali S, Yagura H, Pahwa S; North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, Department of Pediatrics, Manhasset, NY.
We report 4 children who showed unexplained clinical and or laboratory evidence of severe cellular immunodeficiency: Case 1: (17yM) recurrent meningoencephalitis and disseminated zoster, Case 2: (4mF) fatal PCP , Case 3: (8yM): lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly in a Haitian boy, Case 4: (7yF) resolving lymphadenit
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:47 (abstract no. WS-B04-3)
Falloon J, Chaitt D, Baseler M, Sneller M, Metcalf J, Dewar R; NIAID/CC Intramural AIDS Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and immunological characteristics of HIV-uninfected patients with CD4+ cell lymphocytopenia. METHOD: Patients with CD4+ T cells
To describe clinical and immunologic features of HIV seronegative patients with AIDS-like illnesses followed over a 6-year period. METHOD: A retrospective chart review of 2,500 patients over a 6-year period. 60% of these had HIV disease and 40% had Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) as defined by the Center for
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:46 (abstract no. WS-B03-6)
Hogervorst E, de Wolf F, van Wijk A, Valk M, Miedema F, Goudsmit J; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
To obtain information about the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, we studied a group of seropositive individuals who did not progress to clinical manifestations of AIDS and showed no immunological abnormalities, so-called long-term survivors (LTS). Of 514 seropositive individuals of the Amsterdam cohort of homosex
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:46 (abstract no. WS-B03-5)
Reiter WM, Vorce DE, Cimoch PJ, Keller RH, Berger DS, Ping AC; Center for Special Immunology, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
To determine the correlation of increased CD57+/CD8+ lymphocytes, as an expression of cytotoxic cell-mediated immune function, with HIV-1 disease progression measured by longitudinal analysis of CD4+ lymphocyte percentage. Flow cytometric analysis of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD57+/CD8+ lymphocyte s
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:46 (abstract no. WS-B03-4)
Riviere Y, McChesney M, Porrot F, Tanneau F, Buseyne F, Regnault A; Hopital Pasteur Paris, France.
To investigate the role of HIV specific cytotoxic activities including CTL and (ADCC) during the progression of the disease, analysis of HIV-1 proteins recognized by primary cytotoxic effector cells was performed. A longitudinal study was performed within a group of 38 seropositive donors for a period of six to forty m
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:46 (abstract no. WS-B03-3)
Klein MR, Bende RJ, van Baalen CA, Keet IP, Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK, Miedema F; Department of Clinical (Viro) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
Long-term survival in HIV infection may be related to an effective host immune response against HIV and/or to viral properties. To investigate the cellular immune response to HIV-1 we analyzed the HIV gag-specific CTL activity in long-term asymptomatic HIV infection. Among a large cohort of HIV-1 in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:46 (abstract no. WS-B03-2)
Buchbinder S, Mann D, Louie L, Villinger F, Katz M, Holmberg S; AIDS Office, San Francisco, CA.
1) To determine the time from HIV seroconversion (SC) to AIDS and 2) to identify possible genetic cofactors for delayed progression in HLPs compared with faster progressors (FPs). We obtained clinical data and CD4 counts at biannual visits on 585 men with well-defined HIV SC dates from the San Fran
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:46 (abstract no. WS-B03-1)
Sheppard H, Lang W, Ascher M, Vittinghoff E, Winkelstein W; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Calif. Dept. of Health.
Throughout 78 months of prospective study, about 10% of 290 HIV-1 infected homosexual men experienced no net CD4+ T-cell loss. To compare such non-progressors (NP) to other HIV-1 infected individuals, the natural history of HIV-1 infection was analyzed using the rate of CD4+ cell loss (CD4 slope) as the outcome variabl
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:45 (abstract no. WS-B02-6)
Dolan MJ, Melcher GP, Clerici M, Shearer GM; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, San Antonio, TX.
A cross-sectional group of 335 HIV infected patients had a T cell functional assay performed which measured in vitro IL-2 production in response to recall antigens, alloantigens, and PHA. Patients also underwent T cell subset phenotyping and clinical staging using the Walter Reed criteria. During the mean 3.0 year foll
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:45 (abstract no. WS-B02-5)
Fahey IL, Taylor JM, Detels R; University of California Los Angeles 90024-1747.
Both immune deficiency (CD4 T cell level) and immune system activation (serum neopterin (NPT) or beta 2M levels) relate to prognosis in HIV infection but contribute separate information. An index combining the measurements of deficiency and activation was calculated to enable clinicians to use a single number that inco
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:45 (abstract no. WS-B02-4)
Guarner J, Cadena MT, Sanchez Mejorada G, del Rio C, Mohar A; Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico.
CD4+ cell counts are markers of HIV disease progression, they are important for clinical decisions and have recently been incorporated to the AIDS case definition. However, in developing countries it is often difficult to measure them. Accepted standards state that only cells positive for both CD4 and CD3 markers shoul
Determine if treatment response of serologic and cell markers [absolute CD4 and CD8 cells, and serum beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), acid-hydrolyzed p24 Ag, neopterin (NPT), soluble(s) CD4, sCD8 and sIL-2 receptor] in the first year of ZDV Rx are predictive of long term HIV disease progression. In a pla
To develop an index for endpoint measurement in intervention trials and other clinical settings using clinical and hematologic predictors of AIDS. Out of 1809 gay HIV+ men, 1513 with sufficient data on 16 recent symptoms, 7 current physical signs and 5 current hematologic features were included in a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:45 (abstract no. WS-B02-1)
Turner BJ, Ball JK; Dept. of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
SCAH is a computerized staging algorithm widely used to predict inpatient (IP) mortality and resource use. We revised SCAH to reflect changes in the clinical spectrum and associated mortality in persons hospitalized with AIDS. We tested the revision, SCAH-2, on 5,792 first AIDS-related hospitalizations of New York Stat
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:44 (abstract no. WS-B01-6)
Cahn P, Trejo R, Perez H, Casiro A, Grinberg N; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
To describe progression to AIDS in a seroincident cohort. a cohort of 80 patients (pts) with known or estimated date of seroconversion was followed for a mean period of 16.1 months (mo) (range: 6-53 mo) (58 men, 22 women, 42 homosexuals [HS], 22 IVDA, 16 heterosexuals [HTS]. AIDS-defining illness (A
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:44 (abstract no. WS-B01-5)
Graham NM, Park LP, Saah AJ, Phair JP, Rinaldo C, Fahey J; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
To determine if changes in potential surrogate markers are predictive of AIDS and death in individuals treated with zidovudine (ZDV) and other antiretrovirals (OAV). 551 HIV+ gay men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study taking ZDV were followed semi-annually to AIDS (201 events) and death (150). Ch
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:44 (abstract no. WS-B01-4)
Flepp M, Ledergerber B, Luthy R; Div. Inf. Dis., University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
To determine the impact of therapeutic and prophylactic regimens on the pattern of disease in the SHCS, a prospectively evaluated population of over 5000 HIV infected men and women. i) Patients who experienced a first Aids defining opportunistic disease (OD) during 1985-91 and had CD4 counts perform
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:44 (abstract no. WS-B01-3)
Lundgren JD, Pedersen C, Clumeck N, Gatell JM, Johnson A, Ledergerber B, Vella S, Nielsen JO; Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
To describe the survival of European AIDS patients, and to study factors influencing the outcome of disease. DESIGN: International, multicentered, retrospective study. SETTING: 52 centers in 17 European countries. PATIENTS: 6578 adult patients with AIDS diagnosed between 1979 and December 31st 1989. RESULTS:
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:44 (abstract no. WS-B01-2)
Hoots K, Contant C, Stehbens J, Loveland K; University of Texas, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
The HGDS is a longitudinal study of physical growth, immune and CNS functioning of 207 HIV+ and 126 HIV- hemophiliacs (ages 6 to 18 yrs.) recruited from 14 sites in the U.S. between 1989-1990. At entry, adjusted for age, the HIV+ subjects showed growth impairment (p
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:44 (abstract no. WS-B01-1)
Roos MT, Koot M, Tersmette M, Keet I, Coutinho RA, Miedema F, Schellekens PT; Dept. of Clin. (Viro)Immunology, Central Lab. Netherl. Red Cross Blood Transf. Service, Amsterdam.
Before CD4+ T cells are depleted, a gradually increasing T-cell dysfunction is observed in asymptomatic HIV infection. Preliminary studies suggested a prognostic value of T-cell function, independent from CD4+ cell numbers, for progression to AIDS. In addition, we have shown the prognostic relevance of syncytium-induci
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:43 (abstract no. WS-A26-7)
Engbring J, Newton E, Dennis C, Neale KA, Alderete JF; Dept. of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7758.
Trichomonas vaginalis, one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD) agents, colonizes the vaginal epithelium of humans. Little is known about whether or not antibody (Ab) immunoreactive with trichomonad proteins is present at the site of infection. Therefore, the existence of vaginal Ab to specific tric
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:42 (abstract no. WS-A26-6)
Alderete JF, O'Brien JL, Lopez JO, Musatovova O, Arroyo R; Dept. of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7758.
Trichomonas vaginalis, the sexually transmitted protozoan, is responsible for significant morbidity among women. Trichomonal attachment to vaginal epithelial cells is a key step for infection and is mediated by four surface-expressed proteins (M(r)s = 65,000, 51,000, 33,000 and 23,000). Molecular techniques were used t
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:42 (abstract no. WS-A26-5)
Lehker MW, Alderete JF; Dept. of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.
Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent responsible for the most common clinically-recognized, sexually transmitted disease in humans. Ordinarily lysed by activation of the alternative complement pathway, the parasite was found to become resistant following growth in iron-replete medium. By comparison, parasites
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:42 (abstract no. WS-A26-4)
Garber GE, Abraham M, Gagnon-Pulido J, McGrory T; Division of Infectious Disease, University of Ottawa, Canada.
The presence of T. vaginalis (TV) and vaginal inflammation is associated with increased incidence of HIV transmission in women. We have recently described a reliable mouse model of vaginal TV infection to which we applied preliminary immunologic studies. Balb c mice 22-24 gm are preinoculated with L. acidophilus intrav
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:42 (abstract no. WS-A26-3)
Marra CM, Kuller L, Shaffer JM, Morton WR, Lukehart SA; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
To investigate the mechanisms underlying the observation that SIV+ macaques with syphilis show delayed healing of chancres and failure to make VDRL antibody compared to SIV-controls. Six rhesus macaques were infected with 10(7) Treponema pallidum (Tp) on four skin sites: 2 controls and 4 infected wi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:42 (abstract no. WS-A26-2)
Scharbaai R, Gonzalez LI, Saavedra S, Torres-Bauza LJ; Univ. of Puerto Rico, Sch. of Med., San Juan.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of 13 penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae was done by plasmid profile, restriction enzymes digests, serotype and auxotype. The plasmid analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis showed that 12 out of 13 strains had the 38.0 Kb conjugative plasmid; all the strains had the
The porin protein of the outer membrane of N. gonorrhoeae is regarded as a possible candidate for a gonococcal vaccine. We evaluated by solid phase ELISA the secretory immune response in naturally acquired gonorrhea against synthetic porin A (PA1-4) and porin B (PB5, 6) peptides. We tested cervical secretions of 43 pro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:41 (abstract no. WS-A25-6)
Laurence J, Gelman IH, Morse SS, Siegal FP; Lab. for AIDS Virus Research, Cornell Medical College, New York.
We described (Lancet 340:273-4, 1992) five individuals with profound, progressive CD4+ T cell depletion and opportunistic infections, alone or with Kaposi s sarcoma, 4 of whom had known AIDS risk factors, without evidence for HIV-1, 2 or HTLV-I, II by serology, DNA PCR, and co-culture with assay for p24 Gag. We now rev
Human spumavirus (HSRV) is a complex human retrovirus with no known disease association. While spumaviruses have been isolated from many species, their ability to infect primary cells of the immune system in vitro has not been demonstrated. To investigate the role of HSRV as a potential cofactor in retroviral-mediated
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:41 (abstract no. WS-A25-3)
Garry RF, Fermin CD, Boches FS, Hart DJ, Luo-Zhang H, Martin DS; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
A human intracisternal A-type retroviral particle (HIAP) has been isolated from CD4+ T-lymphoblastoid cells co-cultured with biopsies from patients with Sjogren s Syndrome (SS), a systemic autoimmune disease. Over 95% of persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) produce serum antibodies that reacted with HIAP pro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:41 (abstract no. WS-A25-2)
de Ronde A, Stam J, Verschoor E, Hesselink W, Horzinek M, Egberink H; Institute of Virology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
The pathogenesis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) in cats is strikingly reminiscent of HIV-1 s in man. To further explore FIV as a model for HIV-1 we have been studying the humoral response against FIV. Fragments of the FIV envelope gene were fused to the galK or GST gene and fusion proteins were expressed in E.
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:41 (abstract no. WS-A25-1)
Peeters M, Janssens W, Heyndrickx L, Willems B, Fransen K, Van de Haesevelde M, Heeney J; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
To study the role of the V3 loop in the emergence of SIVcpz-ant variants with reduced sensitivity to neutralization by autologous sera. 9 consecutive sera of the SIVcpz-ant infected chimpanzee were tested for neutralizing antibodies (NA) to the sequential SIVcpz-ant isolates. Preparation of viral st
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:40 (abstract no. WS-A24-6)
Busso M, Resnick L; Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL.
Accurate laboratory methods to detect and functionally characterize phenotypic viral mixtures within an infected host are lacking. We described the development and clinical application of a novel method to characterize the functional properties of the HIV RT from intact viral particles. Detection of
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:40 (abstract no. WS-A24-5)
Clark SJ, Henrard DR, Daar ES, Kelen GD, Shaw GM, Quinn TC; U. of Alabama, Birmingham.
Determine the frequency of p24 antigenemia as a marker of primary HIV infection among HIV seronegative individuals in an urban hospital ED. Identity-unlinked serum samples were obtained from 2300 adults not known to be HIV positive who presented to the Johns Hopkins ED. 180 (7.8%) were HIV antibody
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:40 (abstract no. WS-A24-4)
Gurtler L, Mattke P, Lorbeer B, Rehle T, Kramer S, Eberle J; Pettenkofer Institute, University of Munchen, Germany.
Sera from the routine screening programme characterised by anti-HIV-1+ 2 ELISA and confirmed by Western blot (WB) were subjected to a second ELISA specific for either HIV-1 and HIV-2. Taking the results from the indirect ELISA (HIV-1+2) and competitive ELISA (HIV-1) the positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated. T
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:40 (abstract no. WS-A24-3)
Bagnarelli P, Menzo S, Valenza A, Clementi M; Institute of Microbiology, University of Ancona, Italy.
Quantitative molecular methods to evaluate HIV-1 viremia and HIV-1 gene expression are necessary for the pathogenic investigation of the steps leading to AIDS, for the correct clinical management of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, and for the study of viral tissue tropism. In this study, quantitative data (genom
The development of an HIV-2 PCR-based test is challenged by (a) viral sequence heterogeneity, (b) the apparent low infected cell burden, (c) the difficulty in obtaining large numbers of well-characterized samples, and (d) the presence of HIV-1/2 dual infections of which definitive identification is difficult due to ser
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:40 (abstract no. WS-A24-1)
Pachl C, Lindquist C, Kern D, Neuwald P, Urdea M, Todd J; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA.
The level of HIV-1 RNA has been quantitated in patient plasma using a nucleic acid hybridization assay based on signal amplification branched DNA (bDNA) technology. Virus is concentrated from 1 ml of plasma using a benchtop microcentrifuge, and a viral lysate is prepared and added to microwells. The RNA target is captu
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:39 (abstract no. WS-A23-6)
Harbour DA, Bishop SA, Whiting CV, Stokes CR, Gruffydd-Jones TJ; Dept of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol, U.K.
Two different vaccination schedules have been shown to protect cats from intraperitoneal challenge with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The first of these used 2.5 x 10(7) paraformaldehyde-fixed infected cells per dose with 250 micrograms/dose of threomyl MDP/SAF-M adjuvant. Cats were immunised six times at weeks
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:39 (abstract no. WS-A23-5)
Yamamoto J, Hohdatsu T, Pu R, Louie H, Gardner M; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis.
Active immunization with inactivated whole infected cell or cell-free feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccines has protected > 90% of cats (55 of 58) against intraperitoneal challenge infection with a low dose (10 ID 50) of either homologous FIV or a heterologous FIV strain differing by 11% in outer envelope amino
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:39 (abstract no. WS-A23-4)
Biberfeld G, Putkonen P, Thorstensson R, Gilljam G, Akerblom L, Morein B; National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
We have previously demonstrated protection against challenge with homologous HIV-2 (grown in monkey PBMC) in cynomolgus monkeys immunized with whole inactivated HIV-2 in various adjuvants or iscoms, some of them having received booster immunizations with HIV-2 V3 synthetic peptides. The objectives of the pre
The initial aim of this study was to determine the protective component(s) of whole-inactivated SIVmac immunogen. The selected strategy was to immunize groups of rhesus macaques with SIVmac immunogen depleted of various viral proteins. Purified SIVmac251-32H was inactivated by treatment with beta-propriolactone and tre
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:39 (abstract no. WS-A23-2)
Stott J, Kitchin P, Mills K, Page M, Taffs LF, Chan WL; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, UK.
Inactivated vaccines composed of partially purified virus or virus-infected cells protect against several strains of SIV grown in human cells but not against SIV grown in simian cells. We and others have shown that this protection is due, at least in part, to human T cell components in the vaccines. In further attempts
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:39 (abstract no. WS-A23-1)
Mehtall M, Aubertin AM, Bayer C, Venet A, Riviere Y, Kieny MP; TRANSGENE S.A., Strasbourg, France.
In an attempt to develop an experimental AIDS vaccine, we have used the SIV/macaque model system to evaluate various vaccine preparations: --attenuated live SIV s: various genes were precisely deleted from the infectious SIVmm251 genome (BK28 molecular clone) and the in vitro growth kinetics of the mutants were tested
Evaluation of immune responses following priming of chimpanzees with recombinant Adeno-HIV vaccines and a subunit booster. Recombinant human adenoviruses expressing the env or gag genes of HIVIIIB were constructed and employed to immunize 3 chimpanzees intranasally. Ad7-HIV, Ad4-HIV, and Ad5-HIV vac
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:38 (abstract no. WS-A22-5)
De Santis C, Robbioni P, Longhi R, Siccardi A, Beretta A, Roberts NJ Jr; DIBIT, H. S. Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
We have investigated the presence of autoantibodies specific to HLA Class I antigens in the sera of individuals vaccinated with HIV-1 derived recombinant vaccinia-gp160 ( vacc-env ; HIVAC-1e, Bristol-Myers/Squibb) and/or rgp160 (VaxSyn, MicroGeneSys/Wyeth). Serum antibodies were immunoaffinity purified on sepharose col
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:38 (abstract no. WS-A22-4)
Sia C, Chong P, Matthews T, Bolognesi D, Klein M; Connaught Centre for Biotechnology Research, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada.
To assess the immunogenicity of linear and branched HIV-1 peptides formulated in different adjuvants. The immunogenicity of three linear T-B tandem peptides designated, CLTB-34, p24E-V3MN and CLTB-36, and their tetrameric counterparts were studied in Balb/c (H-2d) mice and guinea pigs. Each of these
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:38 (abstract no. WS-A22-3)
Wagner R, Deml L, Muhlbacher G, Niedrig M, Modrow S, Wolf H; Institut fur med. Mikrobiologie, Universitat 8400 Regensburg, FRG.
Most successful vaccines closely mimic the pathogen or the natural infection, implying that natural infection leads to a long lasting immunity. This does not hold for HIV-infection in humans. Amongst a number of pathogenicity factors, there is increasing evidence that the HIV-1 envelope proteins might indirectly contri
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:38 (abstract no. WS-A22-2)
Hoover EA, Bruck C, Fultz PN, Burny A, Mullins JI; Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
We evaluated the efficacy of recombinant env (gp 150), env + gag, and whole inactivated virus (wiv) vaccines, each administered with or without recombinant live vaccinia vector (vv) priming, in protecting macaques from challenge with SIVmac251 clone BK28. After challenge we defined 5 categories of immunity reflecting d
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:38 (abstract no. WS-A22-1)
Ahmadl S, Lohman B, Marthas M, Giavedonil L, Luciw PA, Yilmal T; Intl. Lab. of Mol. Bio. for Trop. Dis. Agents, Univ. of Calif. Davis 95616.
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques is a model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans. We evaluated the full-length envelope SIVgp160 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus (vSIVgp160) and/or baculovirus (bSIVgp160) as subunit vaccines. Monkeys were primed with vSIVgp160 and boosted wit
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:37 (abstract no. WS-A21-6)
Schwartz D, Sharma U, Farzedegan H, Viscidi R, Busch M, Weinhold K; Johns Hopkins Univ.
A woman receiving an HIV+ transfusion 12 years ago (1981) remains healthy. When first tested in 1985 because of transfusion-associated risk, and at every subsequent biannual check, she was found to be clearly sero+ by EIA and for all WB bands. The transfused blood was confirmed HIV+ and the donor subsequently died of A
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:37 (abstract no. WS-A21-5)
Mascola J, Gartner S, McCutchan F, Fischer C, Louwagie J, Burke D; Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retroviral Research, Rockville, MD.
Recent DNA sequence data and phylogenetic tree analysis of internationally collected HIV-1 isolates reveals at least five genetically distinct subtypes of HIV-1. The possibility that genetic subtypes represent antigenically distinct groups (serotypes) is an important consideration in vaccine development and design of f
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:37 (abstract no. WS-A21-4)
Altmeyer R, Escriou N, Girard M, Traincard F, Arondel J, van der Werf S; Unite de Virologie moleculaire, Hybridolab, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To engineer a live recombinant HIV-1 vaccine using attenuated Mengovirus strain M16 as a vector. HIV-1 MN specific gp120 sequences were cloned into the cDNA of Mengovirus M16, a Cardiovirus, which has been rendered avirulent for mice and monkeys by partial removal of the poly(C) tract of the
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:37 (abstract no. WS-A21-3)
Kossovsky N, Sponsler E, Gelman A, Rajguru S, Mena E, Festekjian A, Pham M, Hnatyzn J; UCLA Medical Center 90024-1732.
Immunostimulatory complexes based on lipids such as QuilA have been shown to evoke anti HIV immunity in animal systems. A non-lipoidal system is presented. We describe the synthesis of vaccinating viral decoy particles consisting of ceramic carbon nanocrystalline carriers, a polysaccharide film, and an outer coat of ad
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:37 (abstract no. WS-A21-2)
Maruyama H, Sperlagh M, Stefano K, Liang S, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Herlyn D; Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
To develop effective, specific, and safe anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab2) vaccines against HIV-1. Murine monoclonal Ab2 were generated against anti-HIV-1 antibody 0.5 beta (Ab1) which binds to gp120, neutralizes HIV-1 (IIIB strain), and inhibits virus-induced syncytia formation. Ab2 were produced usin
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:37 (abstract no. WS-A21-1)
Wilson I, Stanfield R, Ghiara J, Stura E, Satterthwait A, Profy A; Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.
The overall goal of this study is to determine the structural basis for neutralization of HIV-1 by broadly neutralizing, V3-directed monoclonal antibodies. The binding specificities of two antibodies, R/V3-58.2 and R/V3-59.1, were determined using an array of synthetic V3 peptides, each containing a single amino acid s
The HIV-1 Rev regulatory protein is required for the expression of structural retroviral proteins and hence, replication. Rev specifically interacts with an HIV-1 encoded RNA target sequence, the Rev response element (RRE), located in the env gene intron. This Rev-RRE complex is required for the cytoplasmic translocati
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:36 (abstract no. WS-A20-5)
Matsuda Z, Yu X, Yu QC, Lee TH, Essex M; Dept. of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
We recently presented a new anti-HIV-1 approach based on the concept of a virion-specific inhibitory molecule (VSIM). VSIM are molecules with therapeutic activity against virus that possess a specific virion-association motif and inhibitory domains. VSIM, when directed to a virion, are expected to disrupt its function
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:36 (abstract no. WS-A20-4)
Bahner I, Zhou C, Hao QL, Larson G, Rossi J, Kohn D; Dept. of Research Immunology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, California.
We have examined a variety of gene therapy approaches targeted specifically against the critical regulatory genes of HIV-1, tat and rev. We have made retroviral vectors to encode antisense RNA, hammerhead ribozymes, RRE decoy RNA and trans-dominant inhibitory mutant (TDIM) tat and rev genes. The vectors were packaged a
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:36 (abstract no. WS-A20-3)
Larson GP, Rossi JJ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010.
We have developed a strategy for targeting catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) to specific regions of target RNA molecules by covalently joining them to RNAs which are recognized by cellular protein mediators. Exploiting the retroviral life cycle, we have taken advantage of the fact that a specific host tRNA is recognized by re
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:36 (abstract no. WS-A20-2)
Yu M, Yamada O, Ojwang J, Hampel A, Looney D, Wong-Staal F; Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla 92093-0665.
Ribozymes have enormous potential as new generation anti-viral agents. We have developed a hairpin ribozyme that targets the leader sequence of HIV-1, and shown that such a ribozyme expressed in appropriate expression vectors, can effectively inhibit replication of diverse HIV strains both in transient transfection exp
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:36 (abstract no. WS-A20-1)
Mosca J, Hall E, Kaushal S, La Russa V, Kessler BD; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850.
In this study, we sought to determine in vitro and in vivo models which will ultimately be used to produce and maintain target cells for retroviral transfer of genetic material into primitive CD34+ bone marrow derived progenitor cells. Our objectives were: 1) to optimize the ability of MuLV to infect highly purified CD
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:35 (abstract no. WS-A19-6)
Chow YK, Merrill D, Kaplan J, D'Aquila R, Hirsch M; I. D. Unit, Harvard Med. School, Boston, MA.
We have previously shown that a novel strategy using drugs directed against the same essential viral target (convergent combination therapy or CCRx) effectively eliminated HIV-1 replication in T cells, and has the potential of preventing HIV-1 multi-drug resistance (MDR) development. Our observations of attenuated repl
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:35 (abstract no. WS-A19-5)
Byrnes VW, Emini EA, Staszewski S, Waterbury JA, Schneider CL, Bakshi K; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA.
L-697,661 is a member of a structurally diverse class of HIV-1-specific nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors. Virus variants that exhibit decreased sensitivity to this compound have been selected in cell culture and in patients undergoing experimental therapy. A specific amino acid substitution at RT res
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:35 (abstract no. WS-A19-4)
Balzarini J, Karlsson A, Perez-Perez MJ, Camarasa MJ, De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Belgium.
Treatment of HIV-1-infected cells with HIV-1-specific inhibitors as single agents result in a rapid breakthrough of drug-resistant virus. In an attempt to delay or prevent the emergence of resistant virus, we investigated several different treatment modalities (i.e. simultaneous drug combination, alternating drug treat
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:35 (abstract no. WS-A19-3)
Wainberg MA, Gu Z, Gao Q; McGill University AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
We were interested in identifying mutations in the HIV-1 pol gene responsible for resistance to ddC . Toward this end, we grew both HIV-IIIB as well as clinical strains of HIV-1 in MT-4 cells in increasing concentrations of this compound, varying between 0 and 25 microM (Gao et al., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherap
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:35 (abstract no. WS-A19-2)
Mellors JW, Loyd RM, Nguyen MH, Chu CK, Liotta DC, Schinazi RF; VA Medical Center, Univ of Pittsburgh, PA.
The (-)-enantiomers of 2 ,3 -dideoxy-5-fluoro-3 -thiacytidine [(-)-FTC] and 2 ,3 -dideoxy-3 -thiacytidine [(-)-BCH-189] are selective inhibitors of HIV. The potential for resistance to these compounds was evaluated by serial passage of HIV in increasing drug concentrations. Highly resistant variants dominated the virus
HIV-1.(GB8) was serially passaged on CEM cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of Ro31-8959. Virus with reduced sensitivity to inhibitor was obtained after 8 passages and an increased IC90 of 60 fold was found at passage 14. Total DNA of cells of passage 11 (320nM Ro31-8959) was isolated, the proteinase OR
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:34 (abstract no. WS-A18-6)
Hostetler KY, Basava C, Selk L, Gardner M, Parker S, Richman DD; University of California, San Diego.
Peptidomimetic inhibitors of the HIV protease are being developed as AIDS therapeutics but low plasma levels due to rapid biliary and renal excretion may prevent effective clinical use. To improve pharmacokinetics, an HIV protease inhibitor (7194) and its C-terminal adduct with phosphatidylethanolamine (719
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:34 (abstract no. WS-A18-5)
Tung RD, Livingston DJ, Rao G, Thomson J, Kim E, Pazhanisamy S; Vertex Pharmaceutical, Incorporated, Cambridge, MA 02139-4211.
Using a highly interactive process combining medicinal chemistry, a variety of biological assays, and biophysical analysis by X-ray crystallography and molecular modelling, we have developed an extremely potent (Ki
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:34 (abstract no. WS-A18-4)
Chang CH, Delosky RL, Lam P, Jadhav PK, Lewandowski F, Weber PC; Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, DE.
Broaden the knowledge of the mode of the interaction between inhibitors of the HIV protease and the enzyme, and utilize information for design of a better inhibitor. The three dimensional structures of a new class of inhibitor bound to the HIV protease were determined using the X-ray crystallographic techniq
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:34 (abstract no. WS-A18-3)
Otto MJ, Reid CD, Garber S, Winslow D, Scarnati H, Lam P; Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Glenolden, PA.
Currently the most potent inhibitors of HIV protease are peptidyl in nature. Our objective was to use the crystallographic structural information of HIV-1 protease to design and synthesize novel non-peptidyl inhibitors of the enzyme and to determine their antiviral activity in vitro. METHOD: The antiviral ac
Biological properties of a new nonnucleoside drug, active against the HIV-1 RT, are described. The compound displays IC50 values in an in vitro HIV-1 RT assay and in infected tissue cultures that are among the lowest reported up to date. In addition, DNA synthesis directed by a RT molecule from a TIBO resistant HIV-1 s
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:34 (abstract no. WS-A18-1)
Johansson NG, Lind P, Noreen R, Morin JM Jr, Ternansky RJ; Medivir AB, Huddinge, Sweden.
The lead compound in the series, LY73497, inhibits HIV-1 in MT4 cells with an ED50 of 0.35 micrograms/ml. The 50% cytotoxic dose in MT4 cells is > 100 micrograms/ml. SAR studies combining the optimal substituents from independent variation of four quadrants of the lead compound resulted in compounds with highly improve
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:33 (abstract no. WS-A17-6)
Bryant M, Mueller R, Smidt M, Tiemeier D, Jacobs G, Platt F, Butters T, Karlsson N, Houseman K, Marr J; Searle Infectious Disease, Monsanto Corporate Research, St. Louis, MO.
The N-linked glycans of the HIV envelope proteins are important for receptor binding, virus uptake, and syncytia formation. Alteration of oligosaccharide addition, composition or processing leads to attenuation in HIV infectivity and cytopathicity due to aberrant folding, oligomerization, cleavage or transport of virio
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:33 (abstract no. WS-A17-5)
Crumpacker C, Zhang L, Li C, Dezube B, Pardee A; Div. of Infectious Disease, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA.
OBJECTIVES--To evaluate the ability of topotecan to inhibit HIV replication in acutely infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and chronically infected cell lines. METHODS--A human epithelial cell line transfected with a construct containing HIV LTR directed LacZ as reporter gene was used to measured beta-g
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:33 (abstract no. WS-A17-4)
Agrawal S, Tang J; Hybridon, Inc., Worcester, MA.
The principle of AIDS Therapy with GEM 91 is based on the use of antisense oligonucleotide to specifically suppress the HIV-1 expression by binding to viral specific nucleic acids. (1) GEM 91 is an oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate, 25-mer, complementary to initiation codon of gag gene of HIV-1 RNA, which has been
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:33 (abstract no. WS-A17-3)
Mayaux JF, Bousseau A, Pauwels R, Huet T, Henin Y, Dereu N; Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Central Research-Vitry sur Seine, France.
A novel class of anti-HIV1 agents, derived from a natural triterpene acid, has been detected by screening in a HIV1 (LAI) cellular infection assay and was further chemically optimized, leading to compounds such as RPR 103611, with EC50 = 40 nM (CPE reduction assay in MT4 cells). Similar inhibitions of virus production
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:33 (abstract no. WS-A17-2)
Schneider J, Werner A, Weis R, Manner C, Seubert B, Riede U; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Freiburg.
Polymeric phenolic compounds with structures similar to those of natural humates have been described as efficient inhibitors of HIV-1. They block the infectivity of the HIV-1 virion and virus-induced syncytium formation at nanomolar conc. with a selectivity index of about 1000. We have studied the mechanism
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:33 (abstract no. WS-A17-1)
Rusconi S, Zhang D, Patch R, Pallai P, Dwyer D, Hirsch MS; I.D. Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
To evaluate the cellular toxicity and the antiviral activity of a new class of CD4/HIV-1 gp120 inhibitors. We examined the anti-HIV-1 activity of two new compounds, PIC 024-4 and PRO 189. These small molecule inhibitors are lead compounds identified in a rational drug discovery program targeting the
Antigens derived from heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) has been shown to activate V gamma 9+ cells, the major subset of human peripheral blood gamma delta+ T cells, in vitro. Previously, we have observed that this response is frequently abrogated during the course of HIV infection. We now demonstrate that
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:32 (abstract no. WS-A16-5)
Robertson MN, Schwartz O, Buseyne F, Riviere Y; Unite de Virologie et Immunologie Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Epitope mapping of Nef-specific CTL generated from an HIV-1 seropositive individual by non-specific stimulation with anti-CD3 revealed 2 dominant regions defined by peptides spanning aa 73-82 and aa 86-100. When the CTL line was restimulated with autologous B-LCL cells which were either transfected with Nef or incubate
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:32 (abstract no. WS-A16-4)
Debre P, Legac E, Blanc C, Autran B; Lab. d'Immunol. Cell. UACNRS 625, Hop. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.
Our aim was to further characterize the function and the profile of cytokine production of the CD+7- T helper cell subset and its contribution to HIV-related immune defects. We had previously reported in HIV-infected patients the expansion of a subset of memory CD4+ T helper cells characterized by a lack of
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:32 (abstract no. WS-A16-3)
Meyaard L, Otto SA, de Jong R, Miedema F; Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
T cells from asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals are non-responsive to activation via the CD3/T-cell receptor complex and release of Th1 cytokines is low. Functional abnormalities of T-cells might be secondary to the disturbance of APC function due to HIV infection. Incomplete activation by affected APC might lead to
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:32 (abstract no. WS-A16-2)
Lewis DE, Tang DN, Rodgers JR; Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
CD8+ T cells are functionally defective early in HIV infection and HIV-specific cytotoxic activity is lost late in the disease. The mechanisms for these defects remain unclear. Separated CD8+ T cells from 11 patients with asymptomatic HIV infection (CD4 percentage 22 +/- 7) exhibited increased apoptosis when incubated
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:32 (abstract no. WS-A16-1)
Borthwick N, Bofill M, Medina E, Gombert W, Janossy G; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, England.
After in vitro stimulation lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected patients undergo activation associated lymphocyte (AALD) as shown by a decrease in the number of lymphoblasts recovered. In this study we have more closely investigated this phenomenon in relation to the atypical phenotypic features of lymphocytes from HIV-1+ p
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:31 (abstract no. WS-A15-6)
Ciottone LL, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity is less commonly detected in children than adults. Little is known about CTL epitopes and MHC restriction elements in minority children. Both HIV-1 gag and envelope (env)-specific clones have been derived using limiting dilution and non-virus-specific stimulation wit
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:31 (abstract no. WS-A15-5)
Weiss SH, Clerici M, Hewlett I, Mayur RK, Berzofsky JA, Shearer GM; UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
Assess whether cellular immune responses to HIV occur among long-term HIV- IDU from an 8-year cohort study, and the effect of HTLV-II. IL-2 production to influenza virus, allo, PHA, the nonimmunogenic HIV peptide P23, and 5 HIV env peptides (T1, T2, T4, P18IIIB, P18MN). HIV PCR for gag (with UNG to
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:31 (abstract no. WS-A15-4)
Meyerhans A, Maier R, Maier B, Hobohm U; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Freiburg.
To identify naturally presented CTL epitopes of HIV. Two different methods have been applied: 1. For the prediction of putative anchor residues from published CTL epitopes we have developed a novel alignment program. With a given list of peptide sequences it finds the alignment with the highest simi
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:31 (abstract no. WS-A15-3)
Clerici M, Axberg I, Polacino-Firpo P, Kuller L, Morton W, Benveniste R; Exp. Immunol. Br., NCI, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892.
Twelve macaques (six M. nemestrina and six M. fascicularis) were exposed intrarectally to different doses of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV/Mne) (1 x 10(5)-1 x 10(-1) TCID) and monitored (> 1 year) for viral, clinical and immunologic parameters. Seroconversion and infection by PCR was detected in the 4 monkeys expo
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:31 (abstract no. WS-A15-2)
Vyakarnam A, Matear PM, Martin SJ, Roitt IM; Department of Immunology, University College London, U.K.
To determine the mechanisms by which gag p24 specific CD4+ T cells play a role in HIV immunity versus pathology. RESULTS: Three TH1 clones which recognised aa 71-85 (in the HIV-1SF2p24 sequence) in the context of HLA-DR7 and two TH2 clones which recognised aa 21-35 in the context of HLA-DR4 were established from t
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:31 (abstract no. WS-A15-1)
Safrit JT, Cao Y, Andrews CA, Ho DD, Koup RA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY.
Intensive virologic and immunologic evaluation was carried out during symptomatic HIV-1 seroconversion in three individuals. Immunologic studies included neutralizing antibody, ADCC antibody, natural killer cell, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays. In each case HIV-1-specific CTL were detected before or soon after
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:30 (abstract no. WS-A14-6)
Chirmule N, Oyaizu N, Saxinger C, Ghrayeb J, Pahwa S; Dept Pediatrics, North Shore Univ Hosp-Cornell Univ Medical College, Manhasset, NY.
Infection with HIV-1 is associated with intense B cell hyperactivity which has been attributed partly to the direct influence of HIV-1 and its soluble proteins on B lymphocytes. We have studied the effect of the HIV-1 regulatory proteins nef, tat and vif, on immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion. A recombinant nef protein, but
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:30 (abstract no. WS-A14-5)
Schutten M, Andeweg AC, Langedijk JP, McKnight A, Sodroski J, Meloen RH, Osterhaus AD; Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
We have generated four human monoclonal antibodies (HuMab) which recognize HIV-1 gp120 from peripheral blood lymphocytes from Dutch HIV-1 seropositive individuals by EBV transformation. Three of these HuMabs are directed against the CD4 binding site of gp120 and have broad neutralizing activity in vitro against HIV-1 i
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:30 (abstract no. WS-A14-4)
Berman P, Nakamura G, Byrn R, Fox J, Wilkes D, Fendly B; Genentech, S. San Francisco, CA.
To characterize a panel of ten monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to recombinant gp120 that neutralized virus infectivity and blocked CD4 binding. MAbs were produced in mice immunized with recombinant gp120 (rgp120). Antibody binding affinities were determined by Scatchard analysis. The epitopes recogniz
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:30 (abstract no. WS-A14-3)
Wahren B, Levi M, Sallberg M, Jansson M, Ruden U, Wigzell H; Dept. of Virology, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
A complementarity-determining region (CDR) of the mouse monoclonal antibody (Mab) F58 was constructed with specificity to a neutralization-inducing region of HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Mab has its major reactivity to the amino acid sequence I--GPGRA in the V3 envelope region. All CDRs including sev
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:30 (abstract no. WS-A14-2)
VanCott TC, Bethke FR, Jacir NE, Redfield RR, Birx DL; Department of Retroviral Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD 20850.
We are currently evaluating several different recombinant proteins Genentech rgp120(LAI, MN) and MicroGeneSys rgp160(LAI) as immunogens for vaccine therapy. The ability of these therapeutic vaccines to modulate the native host immune response is being investigated with respect to their capacity to alter/boost antibody
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:30 (abstract no. WS-A14-1)
McKeating JA, Shotton C, Dean C, Thali M, Sodroski J, Balfe P; Institute of Cancer Research, London, U.K.
A number of neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAb) mapping to both linear and conformation-dependent epitopes with the V1V2 domains of HIV-1 gp120 have been cloned. These mAbs were grouped into a number of distinct classes by cross-competition analysis. Amino acid residues critical for the binding of these mAbs have
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:29 (abstract no. WS-A13-6)
Rodriguez Mahou M, Gurbindo D, Lapointe N, San Pelayo T, Zabay JM, Fernandez-Cruz E; Dept. Immunology, Hospital Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain.
HIV positive patients have evidence of polyclonal B-cell activation, marked hypergammaglobulinemia and the presence of antibodies to many antigens. However, a low incidence of ANA at low titers defined by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) or agarose gel precipitation have been reported in AIDS patients. We have studied
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:29 (abstract no. WS-A13-5)
Poccia F, Placido R, Mancino G, Colizzi V; Dept. of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
The possibility that HIV could induce the activation of an autoantigen and/or super antigen always present in the genome of host cells, such as heat shock proteins (HSP), suggested us to analyse the expression of HSP during HIV-1 infection. T cell lines (H9, CEM and Jurkatt) infected with HIV-1 express HSP of the 28, 6
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:29 (abstract no. WS-A13-4)
Muller C, Bauer R, Griggi T, Kukel S, Massetti AP, Misasi R, Sorice M, Lenti L; Dept. Dermatology, University of Bonn, Germany.
In previous works we reported the occurrence of anti-lymphocytic ganglioside antibodies in AIDS sera and demonstrated that GM3 is the target molecule. In this study we analysed whether anti-lymphocytic GM3 antibodies are related to the presence of anti-lymphocyte antibodies. Anti-lymphocytic ganglioside antibodies were
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:29 (abstract no. WS-A13-3)
Grant MD, Smaill FM, Rosenthal KL; Molecular Virology and Immunology Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
We and others have previously shown that HIV-infected individuals possess CD8+ CTL) which lyse activated uninfected CD4+ lymphocytes. These CTL are TCR ab+, but not MHC-restricted. They can be stimulated with Con A or HIV, but are not stimulated by EBV. These CTL do not lyse activated CD8+ lymphocytes or EBV-transforme
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:29 (abstract no. WS-A13-2)
Susal C, Dorr C, Kropelin M, Westhof U, Grosse-Wilde H, Opelz G; Institute of Immunology, Univ. of Heidelberg, Germany.
There is increasing evidence that autoimmunity plays a role in the development of AIDS. A computer analysis revealed that several immunogenic sequences of HIV-1 have homology with MHC II, IgG,F(ab )2 and Tcr. Antibodies isolated from AIDS patients sera by means of Fab-, F(ab )2-, rgp120-, rCD4-, gp120-peptide- (67-75,
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:29 (abstract no. WS-A13-1)
Beretta A, Rappocciolo G, Lopalco L, DeSantis C, Longhi R, Siccardi AG; DIBIT, Ospedale S. Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
We have investigated the human antibody and T cell response to the C5 region of HIV-1 gp120. Synthetic peptides containing two amino acid regions previously identified as antigenically homologous to the a-1 domain of HLA C antigens were used to absorb HLA cross-reactive serum antibodies from HIV infected individuals an
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:28 (abstract no. WS-A12-6)
Marschang P, Gurtler L, Totsch M, Thielens NM, Arlaud GJ, Dierich MP; Institute fur Hygiene, Innsbruck, Austria.
Previous work from our group has shown that purified HIV (IIIB strain) triggers the classical pathway of complement, while HIV-infected cells activate the alternative pathway (Solder et al., Immunol. Lett. 22, 135-146; 1989). Purified virus activates the C1 complex by binding of the transmembrane protein gp41 to the C1
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:28 (abstract no. WS-A12-5)
Zerlauth G, Maier E, Chehadeh H, Eibl MM, Mannhalter JW; IMMUNO AG, Dept. Immunol. Res., Vienna, Austria.
Mononuclear phagocytes are known to play an important role in the immune defense against the opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI). As AIDS patients frequently present with MAI infections, we investigated the potential role of HIV-1 on anti-mycobacterial activity of human monocytes
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:28 (abstract no. WS-A12-4)
Muller H, Weier S, Kojouharoff G, Grez M, Berger S, Stutte HJ; Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lubeck.
The frequencies of cells of the reticuloendothelial and the lymphatic system were examined in situ in the skin of eight symptom-free HIV-positive individuals, three AIDS patients and eleven healthy immunocompetent volunteers. The viral load of the skin was rather low in HIV-infected subjects. HIV was demonstrated in on
HIV-1 can persist despite a strong host immune response, in part because the monocyte can harbor the viral genome in a latent state. Monocytes containing latent HIV (no RNA expression as measured by PCR) could be induced to express infectious virus by coculture with Con A-activated T cells from normal, HIV negative don
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:28 (abstract no. WS-A12-2)
Susal C, Kirschfink M, Daniel V, Opelz G; Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
The mechanism of CD4+ cell depletion in HIV infected patients is poorly understood. We reported recently that the appearance of gp120-Ig-C3d complexes on CD4+ T cells is associated with CD4 depletion. In the present study we investigated whether gp120-coated uninfected CD4+ T cells of healthy individuals can activate c
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:28 (abstract no. WS-A12-1)
Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, Embretson J, Zupancic M, Ribas JL, Burke A, Haase AT; Bernhard-Nocht-Institute, Hamburg/Germany.
The aim of this study was to analyse the number, anatomic distribution and type of cells latently infected by HIV. The PCR-in situ-method was applied on paraffin sections to detect cells with HIV DNA (vDNA) in lymph nodes from early to late stages of the disease. The results were compared with those obtained by in situ
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:27 (abstract no. WS-A11-6)
Ussery MA, Hall B, Davis H, Kunder S, Black P; Division of Antiviral Drug Products, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.
Animal retrovirus models are being validated to determine whether they are useful in predicting: the time on therapy until resistance occurs, the types of molecular changes resulting in resistance, and the effect of combination or alternating therapy on the selection of resistant viruses. The present study
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:27 (abstract no. WS-A11-5)
Emini EA, Murthy KK, Sardana VV, Byrnes VW, Schleif WA; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA.
The HIV-1 specific pyridinone nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor L-696,229 has been shown to prevent HIV-1 infection in cell culture (IC95 = 0.1 microM). The therapeutic potential of this and related nonnucleoside inhibitors is undergoing clinical assessment in HIV-1 infected humans. However, it appears that
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:27 (abstract no. WS-A11-4)
Bottiger D, Oberg B; Dept of Virology, KI, Stockholm, Sweden.
There are several and conflicting reports on the transactivation of HIV by herpesviruses. The acute infection of cynomolgus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) offers an in vivo system where the influence of replicating herpesviruses on SIV replication can be studied. Four different compounds inhibiting th
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:27 (abstract no. WS-A11-3)
Eiden L, Murray E, Rausch D; Laboratory of Cell Biology, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
Infant rhesus monkeys were inoculated i.v. with SIVsmm/B670 within 48 hours of birth, as a model for intrapartum transmission of HIV. 5 animals were treated continuously (AZTc, 1 mg/kg/hr, s.c.), and 3 animals were treated intermittently (AZTi, 6 mg/kg four times daily, s.c.) with AZT for six months. Motor and cognitiv
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:27 (abstract no. WS-A11-2)
Bryant M, Mueller R, Partis R, Stolzenbach J, Wyand M, Tiemeier D, Marr J; Searle Discovery Research, Skokie, IL.
RATIONALE: Maturational processing of HIV envelope glycoproteins by alpha-glucosidase I is critical for virus replication. The antiviral effect in vitro of aminosugar derivatives such as castanospermine, deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and SC-48334 (n-butyl-DNJ), is attributed to alteration of N-linked oligosaccharide biosynthe
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:27 (abstract no. WS-A11-1)
Hartmann K, Balzarini J, Donath A, Beer B, Higgins J, Pedersen NC; I. Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was chosen as a model to study the effect of antiretroviral chemotherapeutics on an immunosuppressive lentivirus in vitro and in vivo, because investigations have demonstrated the genetical and morphological analogy of FIV and HIV, the comparable pathogenesis and progress of AIDS in
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:26 (abstract no. WS-A10-6)
Hoover EA, Dow SW, Dreitz MJ, Gardner SA, Mullins JI; Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
Feline immunodeficiency viruses (FIV) studied to date have proven to be of low pathogenicity. To determine whether more highly expressed and rapidly pathogenic FIVs exist in nature, and whether donor disease state correlated with immunopathogenicity, we isolated unpassaged FIVs from 44 cats: 24 cats with various sympto
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:26 (abstract no. WS-A10-5)
Sasseville VG, Mori K, Newman W, Daniel M, Desrosiers RC, Ringler DJ; Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA.
We investigated viral and host pathogenetic determinants involved in the development of AIDS encephalitis in rhesus monkeys using pathogenic molecular clones of SIVmac. Of the viral factors, we found that AIDS encephalitis was associated with the presence of virus strains in peripheral blood that replicated efficiently
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:26 (abstract no. WS-A10-4)
Chakrabarti L, Cumont MC, Montagnier L, Hurtrel B; Unite d'Oncologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Lymphoid organs are now recognized as the major reservoir of HIV and SIV viruses in the organism. To elucidate the initial pathogenic events in these organs, we performed a quantitative follow up of viral load and pathologic changes in lymph nodes (LN) early in the course of SIV infection. 8 Rhesus macaques were inocul
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:26 (abstract no. WS-A10-3)
Iwakura Y, Toriyoshi H, Ozaki H; Inst. of Medical Science, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan.
To control AIDS development, prevention of the activation of the HIV gene in healthy carriers seems very important. To elucidate mechanisms of HIV gene activation in healthy carriers, we produced a mouse model in which the viral genome is in a latent state. Transgenic mice that we produced carried the HIV-1 genome defe
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:26 (abstract no. WS-A10-2)
Igarashi T, Kuwata T, Ido E, Miura T, Adachi A, Komatsu T, Mukai R, Hayami M; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
To establish an animal model for HIV-1 infection by making use of chimeric viruses between HIV-1 and SIVMAC. A series of chimeric viruses was generated from HIV-1 (NL432) and SIVMAC (239). For the recombinant procedures, some chimeras utilized restriction sites and others were constructed through th
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:26 (abstract no. WS-A10-1)
Schuitemaker H, Meyaard L, Kootstra NA, Tersmette M, Heeney JL, Miedema F; Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
In the course of HIV-1 infection in humans T cell functions are systemically disturbed already before the onset of severe CD4+ cell decline. Functional abnormalities of CD4+ T cells may be secondary to the disturbance of accessory cell function. T-cell anergy and programmed cell death are thought to result from inappro
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:25 (abstract no. WS-A09-6)
Calenda V, Chermann JC; INSERM U322, Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et Maladies Associees, Marseille, France.
Here, we report the results of our investigations to identify progenitor cells growth modulatory activities, that we found in supernatants of HIV infected long term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC). Supernatants from 14 HIV infected LTBMC were used as condition medium (CM) in semi-solid cultures for gr
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:25 (abstract no. WS-A09-5)
Ennen J, Findeklee H, Werner K, Norley SG, Ernst M, Kurth R; Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany.
The non-human primate African green monkey (AGM) is the natural host of a lentivirus, the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVagm. Following natural and experimental infection of AGM with SIVagm there is no evidence for the development of an immunodeficiency, in contrast to the pathogenesis in humans infected with human i
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 22 HIV- homosexual men at risk of infection with HIV followed for at least 3 years were studied to determine if exposure to HIV can be detected in the absence of seroconversion. PBL from HIV+ individuals and HIV- low risk individuals were used as positive and negative controls, r
A preeminent neuropathological finding that follows HIV-1 infection of brain is virus localization to brain macrophages, resident microglia and multinucleated giant cells. We propose that HIV-1 induced CNS disease continues through interactions between virus infected brain macrophages/microglia and astroglia. Indeed, t
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:25 (abstract no. WS-A09-2)
Mosier DE, Gulizia RJ, Torbett BE, Levy JA; Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
Isolates of HIV-1 or HIV-2 differ in their biologic behavior in cell culture with regard to cell tropism, replication rate, ability to induce cytopathic changes, and modulation of CD4 expression. We have used molecularly cloned HIV isolates that differ in these properties to infect SCID mice transplanted with human PBL
To determine whether analysis of viral burden in peripheral blood (PB) is an accurate reflection of the actual state of HIV disease during the various clinical stages of disease. MATERIALS AND HIV-1 proviral DNA was determined by quantitative DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primer pairs s
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:24 (abstract no. WS-A08-6)
Fan J, Bass HZ, Fahey JL; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Immunology and Disease (CIRID), University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine 90024-1747.
Because cytokines have a central role in the regulation and function of the human immune system, quantitative PCR studies were undertaken to evaluate the gene expression of several key lymphokines in HIV infection comparing lymphokine expression in HIV seronegative and seropositive individuals. Elevated levels of IFN-g
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:24 (abstract no. WS-A08-5)
Dalhoff K, Kothe H, Korber M, Braun J, Wiessmann KJ; Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Lubeck, Germany.
G-CSF is increasingly used for treatment of neutropenia in AIDS patients. We investigated the effect of this growth factor, which is believed to be neutrophil-specific, on the oxidative burst of AM in HIV-positive and -negative patients. BAL was performed in 10 AIDS patients and 7 HIV-negative immu
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:24 (abstract no. WS-A08-4)
Chehimi J, Trinchieri G, Frank I, Aste M, Sennelier J, Starr SE; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA.
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a novel heterodimeric cytokine with potent and pleiomorphic activities on T and NK cells. We have previously shown that treatment of PBMC from HIV-infected patients with IL-12 (1 U/ml) significantly enhanced their cytotoxic activity against tumor-derived and CMV-infected cells, to levels close
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:24 (abstract no. WS-A08-3)
Clouse KA, Rieckmann P, Sinowatz F, Weih KA, Goebel FD, Ehrenreich H; CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Macrophages play a major role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection, both as targets for virus replication and as sources of multifunctional cytokines. Endothelins, potent vasoactive peptides, are among the panoply of cytokines produced and secreted by macrophages. To explore the potential
Perturbations in the balance between TH2 CD4+ T lymphocytes, that secrete interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, and TH1 cells, that produce IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), may play a role in the pathogenesis of several microbial infections, including HIV infection. We therefore investigated the effects of I
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:24 (abstract no. WS-A08-1)
Saville MW, Tosato G, Taga K, Foli A, Broder S, Yarchoan R; Medicine Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892.
IL-10 is a newly identified cytokine with a number of known activities, including suppression of Th1 cell functions, enhancement of immunoglobulin production, and suppression of the production of certain cytokines by M/M. We examined the effects of recombinant human IL-10 (rhIL-10) (provided by DNAX, Palo Alto, CA) on
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:23 (abstract no. WS-A07-6)
Mann D, Carrington M, O'Donnell M, Yeager M, Harding A, Goedert J; Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, NCI-FCRDF, Frederick, MD 21702.
The highly polymorphic HLA class I and II gene products are fundamental elements of the efferent and afferent arms of the immune response. This study was undertaken to determine if specific alleles of different loci were associated with relative rates of disease progression in HIV-1 infected individuals. HLA typing was
Identification of the sequence variability of HIV-1 is necessary for understanding mechanisms of virus selection and for developing vaccines. We previously provided evidence for the infection of three hemophiliacs (M, B and K) with a clonal strain of HIV-1 with less than 0.1% sequence diversity within the V3-loop. Foll
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:23 (abstract no. WS-A07-4)
Kuiken CL, Zwart G, Baan E, Coutinho RA, van der Hoek JA, Goudsmit J; Department of Virology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The spread of HIV-1 variants in AIDS risk populations is best assessed at the moment of transmission, avoiding sequence mutation occurring at variable rates in the individual patients. During acute infection, HIV-1 RNA sequences present in serum are relatively homogeneous, making direct sequencing feasible. Direct sequ
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:23 (abstract no. WS-A07-3)
Plummer FA, Fowke K, Nagelkerke NJ, Simonsen JN, Bwayo J, Ngugi E; Dept. Medical Microbiology, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
1) To determine if there is resistance to HIV infection among women with continuous sexual exposure to HIV infected clients. Among a cohort of 263 seronegative (SN) prostitutes followed since 1985, a subgroup of 29 were identified who remained SN for 2-6 years despite continued high HIV risk sexual
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:23 (abstract no. WS-A07-2)
Sankale JL, Sallier de La Tour R, Marlink R, Mboup S, Essex M, Kanki P; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
To determine the genetic variability of HIV-2 V3 region within and between sequential samples of infected individuals. To compare the extent of variation of HIV-2 to HIV-1 and to determine if any specific sequence variation is associated to disease progression in HIV-2. DNA was obtained from PBL, o
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:23 (abstract no. WS-A07-1)
Kalish M, Luo CC, Potts K, Bandea C, Orloff G, Robitz A, Ou CY, Schochetman G; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
To study the genetic variation in the V3 and flanking regions of the env gene from HIV-1-infected persons worldwide. HIV-1 proviral DNA was PCR amplified using nested primers flanking the V3 domain and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed using multi-sequence alignments (MASE) and a ne
CD4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein which functions as the HIV receptor for infection of human host cells. We have recently demonstrated that Vpu, an HIV-1 encoded integral membrane protein, induces rapid degradation of CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. We now describe an in vitro assay to monitor ER degradation o
To initiate an infectious cycle viral uptake of HIV by its target cells requires specific interaction between the viral envelope glycoprotein spikes, composed of gp120/gp41 subunits and its cellular receptor CD4. The larger subunit gp120 mediates binding to CD4, whereas the smaller transmembrane subunit gp41 is involve
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:22 (abstract no. WS-A06-3)
von Poblotzki A, Niedrig M, Wagner R, Wanner G, Wolf H, Modrow S; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitat Regensburg, FRG.
The pr55gag precursor of HIV-1 plays a critical role for the assembly of the virus. We tried to define regions in the pr55 mediating the interaction of the precursors. For this purpose overlapping peptides spanning the whole gag sequence were synthesized and their in vitro inhibitory activity was tested. Peptides deriv
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:22 (abstract no. WS-A06-2)
Gottlinger HG, Dorfman T, Luban J, Goff SP, Haseltine WA; Div. of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein contains two copies of a conserved sequence motif, the cysteine-histidine box, that is believed to be involved in viral RNA encapsidation. To identify functionally relevant positions, each amino acid in one copy was individually substituted by alanine scanning mutagenesis. Despite strong
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:22 (abstract no. WS-A06-1)
Vicenzi E, Migone TS, Martin MA; LMM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Deletions that eliminated the 5 (HIVDel-5 ), middle (HIVDel-MID) and 3 (HIVDel-3 ) thirds of the U5 region of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) in the context of an infectious molecular clone were studied for their effects on virus replication (transient transfection) and infectivity (T cell lines and PBL s). All thre
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:21 (abstract no. WS-A05-6)
Ochs U, Bergmann S, Herbort-Brand U, Jung A, Lower R, Lower J; Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
As a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus characteristically integrates its genome into host cell chromosomes, leading to a persistently infected state. The existence of human endogenous retroviruses reveals the possibility of cellular inactivation mechanisms. Furthermore the factors which influence HIV latency are
Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11; 9:21 (abstract no. WS-A05-4)
Bende S, Dayton E, Lee S, Dayton AI; National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.
We are promoting a novel methodology to identify and clone cellular factors mechanistically involved in the Rev regulatory pathway. We have formed Rev/RRE complexes in the presence of nuclear extracts to look for cooperative interactions. Ternary complexes formed by Rev, cellular factors and 32P-la
