Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 2000. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
Risk and management of blood-borne infections in health care workers.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Jul;13(3):385-407. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/20344705 Beltrami EM; Williams IT; Shapiro CN; Chamberland ME; HIV Infections Branch, Hospital Infections Program, National; Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and; Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ebj4@cdc.gov
Abstract:
Exposure to blood-borne pathogens poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). We review the risk and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HCWs and also discuss current methods for preventing exposures and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. In the health care setting, blood-borne pathogen transmission occurs predominantly by percutaneous or mucosal exposure of workers to the blood or body fluids of infected patients. Prospective studies of HCWs have estimated that the average risk for HIV transmission after a percutaneous exposure is approximately 0.3%, the risk of HBV transmission is 6 to 30%, and the risk of HCV transmission is approximately 1.8%. To minimize the risk of blood-borne pathogen transmission from HCWs to patients, all HCWs should adhere to standard precautions, including the appropriate use of hand washing, protective barriers, and care in the use and disposal of needles and other sharp instruments. Employers should have in place a system that includes written protocols for prompt reporting, evaluation, counseling, treatment, and follow-up of occupational exposures that may place a worker at risk of blood-borne pathogen infection. A sustained commitment to the occupational health of all HCWs will ensure maximum protection for HCWs and patients and the availability of optimal medical care for all who need it.
Keywords: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL *Blood-Borne Pathogens *Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional *Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient *Health Personnel Hepatitis B/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*TRANSMISSION Hepatitis C/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*TRANSMISSION Human HIV Infections/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*TRANSMISSION Risk 001030
A00A1090
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 2000. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
