Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein differentially activates the JNK and ERK/MAPK pathways in CD4 T cells.

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 2000. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein differentially activates the JNK and ERK/MAPK pathways in CD4 T cells.

AIDS. 1999 Sep 10;13(13):1637-45. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/99437263
Mischiati C; Pironi F; Milani D; Giacca M; Mirandola P; Capitani S; Zauli G; Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara,; Italy.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intracellular signals elicited by extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein in lymphoid CD4 T cells. METHODS: CD4 Jurkat T cells were treated with a series of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Tat fusion proteins: full-length two-exon GST-Tat (GST-Tat2E); one-exon Tat, in which the second exon of Tat was deleted (GST-Tat1E); two-exon Tat, in which the seven arginine residues have been changed to alanine residues (GST-TatArg(mut)), GST-TatdeltaN, which shows a deletion of the N-terminal 21 amino acids. The cells were either treated with soluble GST-Tat proteins or seeded on plates coated with GST-Tat proteins immobilized on plastic. At various time points, Jurkat cells were lysed and examined for c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) activity. RESULTS: Soluble and immobilized GST-Tat2E, but not GST-Tat1E, GST-TatArg(mut) and GST-TatdeltaN, activated JNK in a dose-dependent manner, induced a rapid phosphorylation of c-Jun on Ser63 and promoted the de novo synthesis of c-Jun protein. Moreover, both GST-Tat2E and GST-Tat1E also stimulated ERK/MAPK. However, the activation of JNK was maximal at concentrations of 100 nM of GST-Tat2E and was blocked by the S6-kinase inhibitor rapamycin, whereas the activation of ERK/MAPK was already maximal at 1 nM of GST-Tat2E and was enhanced by rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS: Tat-mediated activation of JNK requires the second exon of Tat, which is dispensable for the activation of ERK/MAPK. The ability to stimulate JNK and ERK/MAPK does not require Tat internalization.

Keywords: JOURNAL ARTICLE CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*ENZYMOLOGY Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Enzyme Activation Enzyme Inhibitors Exons Gene Products, tat/GENETICS/*PHARMACOLOGY Glutathione Transferase/GENETICS Human *HIV-1 Jurkat Cells Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/*METABOLISM Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*METABOLISM MAP Kinase Signaling System Phosphorylation Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/BIOSYNTHESIS Sirolimus/PHARMACOLOGY Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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