Natural variation in the amino acid sequence around the HIV type 1 glycoprotein 160 cleavage site and its effect on cleavability, subunit association, and membrane fusion.

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Natural variation in the amino acid sequence around the HIV type 1 glycoprotein 160 cleavage site and its effect on cleavability, subunit association, and membrane fusion.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2000 Sep 1;16(13):1235-45. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/20414619
Adams O; Schaal H; Scheid A; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Virologie,; Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Dusseldorf, Germany.; adamso@uni-duesseldorf.de

Abstract: To assess the natural variation of the structure of the cleavage site as well as the N-terminal region of gp41 for the cytopathogenicity of HIV-1, syncytium-inducing (SI) and non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) virus isolates were obtained from HIV-1-infected patients. In addition, the coreceptor usage of the isolates was determined by infection of primary macrophages and PM-1 cells. DNA sequences encoding the C-terminal 41 amino acid residues of gp120 and the 64 amino acid N-terminal residues of gp41 were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and inserted into the Env expression vector pNLA1. When transfected into HeLa-T4(+) cells, all the recombinant plasmids, including those with inserts from NSI isolates, led to the formation of processed glycoprotein and to syncytium formation. One construct displayed significant lowered fusion capacity and had an amino acid exchange in the first position of the gp41 N terminus (gp41, 512A-->S) leading to a decreased association of the SU and TM subunits. Four constructs derived from two isolates of the same patient showed an unusual gp41 N terminus (gp41, 514G-->P) and a slightly diminished fusion capacity due to a decreased cleavability. This indicates that the major determinants for the SI and NSI phenotypes are not located around the gp160 cleavage site and that the N terminus of gp41 plays a minor role in the processing and fusion capacity of wild-type HIV-1 isolates.

Keywords: JOURNAL ARTICLE Amino Acid Sequence/*GENETICS Cells, Cultured Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Giant Cells/PHYSIOLOGY Hela Cells Human HIV Envelope Protein gp120/GENETICS/METABOLISM HIV Envelope Protein gp160/*GENETICS/*METABOLISM HIV Envelope Protein gp41/GENETICS/METABOLISM HIV Infections/*VIROLOGY HIV-1/GENETICS/METABOLISM/*PATHOGENICITY Immunoblotting Leukocytes, Mononuclear/VIROLOGY Macrophages/VIROLOGY Membrane Fusion Molecular Sequence Data Plasmids/GENETICS Sequence Analysis, DNA Transfection Variation (Genetics)/GENETICS

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