Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 2000. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
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J Infect Dis. 2000 Apr;181(4):1428-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/20227767
Woods CW; McRill C; Plikaytis BD; Rosenstein NE; Mosley D; Boyd D; England B; Perkins BA; Ampel NM; Hajjeh RA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, and; Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for; Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.
Abstract: From 1 January 1995 through 31 June 1997, 153 cases of coccidioidomycosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons were identified in Arizona (incidence, 41/1000 persons living with AIDS). A case-control study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for coccidioidomycosis in HIV-infected persons. A case was defined as laboratory-confirmed, incident coccidioidomycosis in a person infected with HIV for > or =3 months, and each case patient had 3 control patients matched by county, age group, sex, HIV/AIDS status, and CD4 lymphocyte count. Multivariable analysis identified black race and a history of oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis to be associated with increased risk of coccidioidomycosis; protease inhibitor therapy was associated with a reduced risk. In persons with previous history of oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis, having received an azole drug was associated with a reduced risk (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.9; P=.04). Physicians may need to consider azole chemoprophylaxis for HIV-infected persons who live in areas of endemicity, have CD4 cell counts <200/microL, are black, or have a history of thrush.
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