HIV coreceptors, cell tropism and inhibition by chemokine receptor ligands. NLM AIDSLINE Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1999. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

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HIV coreceptors, cell tropism and inhibition by chemokine receptor ligands.

Mol Membr Biol. 1999 Jan-Mar;16(1):49-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/99265141
Clapham PR; Reeves JD; Simmons G; Dejucq N; Hibbitts S; McKnight A; Section of Virology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of; Cancer Research, London, UK.

Abstract: HIV is a persistent virus that survives and replicates despite an onslaught by the host's immune system. A strategy for cell entry, requiring the use of two receptors, has evolved that may help evade neutralizing antibodies. HIV and SIV usually require both CD4 and a seven transmembrane (7TM) coreceptor for infection. At least eleven different 7TM coreceptors have been identified that confer HIV and/or SIV entry. For HIV-1, the major coreceptors are CCR5 and CXCR4, while the role of other coreceptors for replication and cell tropism in vivo is currently unclear. Polymorphisms in the CCR5 gene that reduce CCR5 expression levels, protect against disease progression, suggesting that drugs targeted to CCR5 could be effective. Such therapies however will not work if HIV simply adapts to use alternative coreceptors. In the light of these themes, this review will discuss the following topics: (i) the coreceptors used by primary HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses, (ii) the properties and coreceptors of HIV-2 strains that infect cells without CD4, (iii) the role of coreceptors in HIV cell tropism and particularly macrophage infection and (iv) the properties of chemokine receptor ligands that block HIV infection.
Keywords: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL Antigens, CD4/PHYSIOLOGY Human Models, Biological Receptors, Chemokine/*PHYSIOLOGY Receptors, CCR5/PHYSIOLOGY Receptors, HIV/*PHYSIOLOGY Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Tropism/*PHYSIOLOGYKWDjournalarticlereviewreview,tutorialantigens,cd4/physiologyhumanmodels,biologicalreceptors,chemokine/KWDphysiologyreceptors,ccr5/physiologyreceptors,hiv/KWDphysiologysupport,non-uKWDsKWDgov'ttropism/KWDphysiology
991030
A99A0935

Copyright © 1999 - National Library of Medicine. Reproduced under license with the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

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