Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1999. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
Low levels of drug resistance amidst rapidly increasing tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-epidemics in Botswana [see comments]
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999 Jan;3(1):4-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/99191951 Kenyon TA; Mwasekaga MJ; Huebner R; Rumisha D; Binkin N; Maganu E; BOTUSA TB Project, Gaborone, Botswana, and Division of TB; Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta,; Georgia, USA. tak8@cdc.gov
Abstract:
SETTING: Botswana, southern Africa, where the tuberculosis (TB) case rate increased by 120% from 1989 to 1996 in spite of a decade of implementation of the directly observed therapy, short-course (DOTS) strategy. OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of and risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis in an epidemic setting. DESIGN: Systematic national random survey of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB and all patients with TB requiring retreatment during 1995-1996. Interviews were conducted, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was offered, and drug susceptibility testing was performed for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol. RESULTS: Resistance to at least one drug was identified in 16 (3.7%) new cases and 18 (14.9%) retreatment cases. One (0.2%) new and seven (5.8%) retreatment cases had resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin (multidrug-resistant TB). Retreatment cases with multidrug-resistant TB were significantly more likely to have worked in the mines in South Africa than were cases with fully susceptible isolates (6/7 [85.7%] versus 32/ 103 [31.1%], odds ratio 13.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5-311.0, P = 0.007). Of 240 patients tested for HIV, 117 (48.8%) were positive; prevalence was similar among new and retreatment cases, and was not a risk factor for drug resistance in either group. CONCLUSION: During the HIV and TB co-epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa, DOTS may help to control drug-resistant TB. However, the TB case rate can be expected to continue to climb in spite of the implementation of the DOTS strategy.
Keywords: JOURNAL ARTICLE Adolescence Adult Antitubercular Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE Botswana/EPIDEMIOLOGY Child Comorbidity *Disease Outbreaks Female Human HIV Infections/*EPIDEMIOLOGY Isoniazid/THERAPEUTIC USE Male Middle Age Patient Compliance Prevalence Rifampin/THERAPEUTIC USE Risk Factors Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/DRUG THERAPY/*EPIDEMIOLOGY Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/DRUG THERAPY/*EPIDEMIOLOGY Comment in: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999 Jan;3(1):1-3
990730
A9971166
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1999. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
