Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1999. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
Immune restoration does not invariably occur following long-term HIV-1 suppression during antiretroviral therapy. INCAS Study Group.
AIDS. 1999 Feb 4;13(2):203-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/99217476 Pakker NG; Kroon ED; Roos MT; Otto SA; Hall D; Wit FW; Hamann D; van der Ende ME; Claessen FA; Kauffmann RH; Koopmans PP; Kroon FP; ten Napel CH; Sprenger HG; Weigel HM; Montaner JS; Lange JM; Reiss P; Schellekens PT; Miedema F; Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply; Foundation, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Current antiretroviral treatment can induce significant and sustained virological and immunological responses in HIV-1-infected persons over at least the short- to mid-term. OBJECTIVES: In this study, long-term immune reconstitution was investigated during highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Patients enrolled in the INCAS study in The Netherlands were treated for 102 weeks (range 52-144 weeks) with nevirapine (NVP) + zidovudine (ZDV) (n = 9), didanosine (ddl) + ZDV (n = 10), or NVP + ddl + ZDV (n = 10). Memory and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured using CD45RA and CD27 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), T-cell function was assayed by CD3 + CD28 mAb stimulation, and plasma HIV-1 RNA load was measured by ultra-direct assay (cut-off < 20 copies/ml). RESULTS: Compared to both double combination regimens the triple combination regimen resulted in the most sustained increase in CD4+ T cells (change in CD4+, + 253 x 10(6) cells/l; standard error, 79 x 10(6) cells/l) and reduction of plasma HIV-1 RNA. In nine patients (31%) (ddl + ZDV, n = 2; NVP + ddl + ZDV, n = 7) plasma HIV-1 RNA levels remained below cut-off for at least 2 years. On average, these long-term virological responders demonstrated a significantly higher increase of naive and memory CD4+ T cells (P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) as compared with patients with a virological failure, and showed improved T-cell function and normalization of the naive; memory CD8+ T-cell ratio. However, individual virological success or failure did not predict the degree of immunological response. T-cell patterns were independent of baseline CD4+ T-cell count, T-cell function, HIV-1 RNA load or age. Low numbers of naive CD4+ T cells at baseline resulted in modest long-term naive T-cell recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with prolonged undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA levels during antiretroviral therapy do not invariably show immune restoration. Naive T-cell recovery in the setting of complete viral suppression is a gradual process, similar to that reported for immune recovery in adults after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.
Keywords: JOURNAL ARTICLE Adult Aging/*IMMUNOLOGY Anti-HIV Agents/*THERAPEUTIC USE Didanosine/THERAPEUTIC USE Follow-Up Studies Human HIV Infections/DRUG THERAPY/*IMMUNOLOGY/VIROLOGY HIV-1/*IMMUNOLOGY Immunologic Memory Middle Age Nevirapine/THERAPEUTIC USE Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*THERAPEUTIC USE Time Factors Zidovudine/THERAPEUTIC USE 990830
A9981012
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1999. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
