[Ottawa, Ont.] : National HIV Database Project, Division of HIV/AIDS Surveillance, Bureau of HIV/AIDS and STD, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Protection Branch, Health Canada, c1997 vi, 16 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9713449
The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) is announcing the availability of a guidance document entitled Interim Recommendations for Deferral of Donors at Increased Risk for HIV-1 Group O Infection, dated December 11, 1996. The guidance document, which discusses the appearance in 1996
It has been reported in the recent years that not a small number of Japanese patients, including 1,792 hemophiliacs, have contracted HIV infections through the use of commercially available unheated blood products, such as factor VIII or IX concentrates. Many of them subsequently developed AIDS, and died shortly there
Bernvil SS; Andrews V; Coulter N; Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Spec.; Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
After screening over 100,000 blood donations for the presence of anti-HTLV-I antibodies, a final prevalence of 0.0038% was established in a multinational donor population. Among 38,201 donations by Saudi Arabian donors, the prevalence was found to be 0.0052%. Fifty-eight donors were found to be repeat reactive in the
Mas A; Soriano V; Gutierrez M; Fumanal F; Alonso A; Gonzalez-Lahoz J; Service of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,; Madrid, Spain.
The diagnosis of HIV infection is usually determined using serological methods. Positive results in a screening test should be confirmed with more specific supplementary assays, and the Western blot (WB) is the most frequently used. However, problems of WB, particularly in regard to the significance of indeterminate r
Ann Oncol; 7(Suppl 1):18 1996. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98625860
Pardoll DM; John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
There is mounting evidence that many if not all tumors possess antigens capable of being recognized by T cells. Over the past few years, our group has been analyzing the immune response induced by immunization with tumors engineered to secrete cytokines locally. In a study comparing multiple different cytokine genes,
Blood transfusion immunomodulatory effects are reported in many clinical situations. Underlying mechanisms, especially the difference between autologous and allogeneic blood transfusion, are still unclear. Therefore, patients with curative surgery for colorectal cancer were randomized to an autologous blood group (aut
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A801 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98637801
Ghoneum M; Namatalla G; Kijima Y; Drew University of Med. and Sc., 1621 E 120 Street, Los Angeles,; CA
We have recently demonstrated that pi-water (MRN-100) is a potent biological response modifier (BRM) that enhances Natural Killer (NK) cell activity in vivo. The MRN-100 is an iron base compound derived from bivalent and trivalent ferrates. In this study a phenotypic analysis of human lymphocyte sub-populations post t
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A808 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98637808
Deyev VV; Podack ER; University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101
To evaluate CD30 expression in relation to Th1 or Th2 lymphokine profile, PBL from healthy donors were activated with anti-CD3 antibodies in the presence of IL-12 or IL-4 respectively. Significant CD30 expression was observed in unsorted PBL or positively selected CD8+ cells after activation with anti-CD3 and IL-12. T
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A811 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98637811
Sugg SL; Lange J; Fraker DL; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Introduction: The early region 1A (E1A) of adenovirus type 2 and 5 (Ad 2,5) was recently found to have tumor suppressive functions. We investigated the hypothesis that suppressed tumorigenicity of E1A transfected murine fibrosarcoma cells is immunologically mediated. Methods: Murine fibrosarcoma cell line 102.4 was tr
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A1058 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98638058
Hoch-Marchaim H; Hasson T; Rorman E; Braun E; Hochman J; Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, 91904
Previous studies demonstrated that retroviral proteins (including Tat, Rev and Rex) are localized to the nucleus. To our knowledge, nuclear localization of proteins translated from env or LTR regions of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) has not been reported. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against non-tum
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A1061 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98638061
Blackbourn D; Lennette E; Witte M; Way D; Klencke B; Levy J; University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
Objective: To determine the in vitro tropism of HHV8. Methods: Over 40 cells and cell lines were evaluated for their susceptibility to HHV8 infection, including B cells, T cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells (EC). Infection studies were performed by inoculation with cell-free HHV8. This virus was prepared fr
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A1063 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98638063
Arany I; Yen A; Tyring SK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas; Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) express various gene products, such as E6 protein which complexes with the p53 tumor suppressor protein and therefore diminishes p53-related regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, HIV infection is believed to activate latent HPV infection and transcription. Accordingly, we carried out experi
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A1066 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98638066
Guan MX; Henderson EE; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Fels Institute; for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University; School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
The recent emergence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated T cell lymphomas as a new pathoclinical entity, conclusively demonstrates that EBV infection of T cells occurs in vivo. Whether the sequence of events leading to the emergence of EBV-carrying T cell lymphomas
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A1075 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98638075
Petropoulos L; Crepieux P; Lin R; Hiscott J; Molecular Oncology, Lady Davis Inst., McGill University,; Montreal, Canada H3T 1E2
Human T cell Leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The oncogenic potential of HTLV-1 resides in the 40 kD viral Tax protein which has been characterized as a strong transactivator of transcription. One of the targets of interaction for the Tax protein is NF-kappaB/Rel,
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A1188 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98638188
Kim Y-S; Lim HK; Min JS; Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei; University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
Efficient in vivo gene transfer is an important goal for cancer gene therapy. Although adenoviral vectors have proven effective for this purpose in animal models, the ability to achieve comparable gene transfer with retroviral vectors would provide potentially desirable safety and toxicity features for clinical studie
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A1198 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98638198
Lyn-Cook BD; Wise C; Green B; Johnson J; Jin B; Sandberg JA; Patterson TA; Slikker W; Divisions of Molecular Epidemiology and Neurotoxicology,; FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
Acute pancreatitis is often detected in AIDS patients given dideoxyinosine (ddI, Videx ), a nucleoside analog. This study was undertaken to determine the molecular effects on normal pancreatic acinar cells in vivo and in vitro from controls and ddI-tre
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A1216 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98638216
Kosa JL; Sweasy JB; Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520
DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) is implicated in DNA repair synthesis, a role consistent with its in vitro aptitude for filling short gaps in DNA. Pol beta is inhibited in vitro by the nucleoside analog AZT , which Pol beta incorporates into DNA, result
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A2038 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98639038
Husain S; Puri R; Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and; Gene Therapies, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892
The HIV-1 regulatory gene, tat, encodes an early transactivator protein (Tat) necessary for virus replication. This Tat protein is actively secreted by infected cells. We have recently demonstrated that constitutive expression of the tat gene in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line up-regulates interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R)
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A2320 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98639320
Melero I; Shuford WS; Ashe Newby S; Aruffo A; Ledbetter JA; Hellstrom KE; Mittler RS; and Chen L; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 3005; First Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121
The 4-1BB glycoprotein is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and binds to a high affinity ligand expressed on several antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and activated B-cells. Expression of 4-1BB is restricted to primed CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and signaling either by binding to its natu
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A2323 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98639323
Lee B-N; Duvic M; Tang C-K; Estrov Z; Reuben JM; University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; 77030
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), lymphoproliferative helper T cell disorders, include mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS). Sezary cells can be distinguished from normal T cells by their inability to express CD7. Others suggested that proliferation of Sezary cells is dependent upon cytokines acting in an
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A2326 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98639326
Sun Q; Adkins B; Lobo D; Zacharievich N; Charyulu V; Lopez DM; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami; School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
A profound thymic atrophy has been observed in mice bearing large adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland. Although there is no decrease in the overall percentages of Thy-1+ cells in tumor bearers, the majority of the remaining cells are of a Thy-1 low phenotype. There was a dramatic decrease in the percentage of double
AZT administration to reduce fetal transmission of HIV in human pregnancy is highly effective and currently in widespread clinical use. In order to explore possible toxic effects to the fetus, AZT incorporation was investigated in fetal DNA of monkeys
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A2388 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98639388
Micallef MJ; Hanaya T; Kohno K; Arai S; Tanimoto T; Ikeda M; Kurimoto M; Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Labs., Okayama 702,; Japan
Interleukin 18 (IL-18, previously interferon gamma-inducing factor) is an 18.2 kD molecule produced by macrophages and related cells which reportedly enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity and T helper (Th) type 1 cytokine production in murine and human immunocompetent cell cultures. We here report that IL-18 exhi
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A2394 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98639394
Tannenbaum C; Tubbs R; Finke J; Bukowsi R; Hamilton T; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
RENCA tumor tissue from IL-12 treated mice express mRNAs encoding the chemokine molecules IP-10 and MIG, are heavily infiltrated with CD8+ T cells, and express the cytolytic molecules perforin and granzyme B. Mice bearing RENCA tumors were treated with IL-12 in the presence or absence of intraperitoneally-administered
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A2397 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98639397
Maguire HC Jr; Ketcha KA; Halak BK; Holmes KL; Lattime EC; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
IL10 inhibits the induction of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) by suppressing antigen presentation to TH1 cells. We have published that biopsy specimens from patients with melanoma and bladder carcinoma express IL10 mRNA and secrete IL10 protein. To assess the role of IL10 in the development of CMI to tumor antigens, we
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A1293 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98643293
Timmins P; Wang Y; Fan Z; Ho G; Fields A; Goldberg G; Runowicz C; Qu W; Kadish A; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that the presence of T cell lymphoproliferative (LP) responses to peptides from the E6 and E7 oncogenic proteins of HPV 16 correlated with resolution of HPV Infection, regression of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), and with resolution of SIL by cervical cytology. These
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A1548 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98643548
Oratz R; Reynolds SR; Shapiro RL; Harris M; Roses D; Vukmanovic S; Bystryn JC; Depts. of Medicine, Dermatology, Surgery and Pathology, Kaplan; Cancer Center, NYU Medical Center, NY, NY 10016
A critical requirement to use tumor antigens as vaccines is that they stimulate CD8+ T cell responses. In this study, we tested the ability of a shed, polyvalent, melanoma antigen vaccine to induce such responses to the melanoma-associated antigens, MAGE-3 and MART-1/Melan-A. Fifteen HLA-A2+ patients with resected mal
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A1555 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98643555
Gautier E; Saulnier P; Farace F; LeCesne A; Opolon P; Zitvogel L; Escudier B; Schatz C; Courtney M; LeChevalier T; Tancrede C; Tursz T; Roussy IG; Villejuif and Laboratoire Transgene, Strasbourg, France
In our gene therapy program evaluating the local delivery of therapeutic genes by rAd, 10 patients (pts) (3 at 10(7) and 10(8), 4 at 10(9) pfu) have now been included in the phase I study of intratumoral administration of a rAd-betaGAL in lung cancer. One of the main objectives was to evaluate the safety of rAd-betaGA
Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A1566 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/98643566
Khleif SN; Abrams S; Allegra C; Bastian A; Bergmann E; Bernstein S; Chen A; Chung Y; Hamilton JM; Kohler DR; Morrison G; Schlom J; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
Cancers in humans are commonly associated with mutations in the Ras genes. These genes produce mutated proteins that are unique to cancer cells; codon 12 mutations form more than 90% of all ras mutations. To determine if peptides reflecting point mutations in Ras oncogenes are immunogenic in human, we conducted a phas
Curran WJ; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public; Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
The early development of legal obligation in emergency medicine is traced through medieval English common law to the first stages of American law after Independence. An identifiable set of legal principles in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is described. The movement away from an absence of legal and ethi
Li D; Forrest BD; Li Z; Xue P; Hanson CV; Duan S; Cheng H; Li M; Wang CY; Koff WC; Ministry of Public Health, Temple of Heaven, Beijing, China.
A Phase 1, double-blind, placebo controlled trial was conducted in Longchuan County, China , to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a prototype HIV-1 synthetic peptide vaccine in a target population at risk for HIV infection, and to establish the infrastructure for future large
Taechowisan T; Sutthent R; Louisirirotchanakul S; Puthavathana P; Wasi C; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University,; Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
A cross-sectional, sero-epidemiological survey of the prevalence of antibodies to TORCH agents during various stages of gestation revealed an overall rate of 13-15 percent having antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii; 85-87 percent, to rubella ; 79-81 percent, to herpes simplex virus (HSV); 100 percent, to
Wang J; Cai X; Rivas G; Shiraishi H; Dontha N; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State; University, Las Cruces 88003, USA.
Wide-scale DNA testing requires the development of fast, small, easy-to-use biosensing devices. Various synthetic oligonucleotides and DNA have thus been immobilized onto microfabricated thick-film carbon transducers for performing several new nucleic-acid assay protocols. These include hybridization detection of nucl
Moser C; Johansen HK; Song Z; Hougen HP; Rygaard J; Hoiby N; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen,; Denmark.
The chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a pronounced antibody response and microcolonies surrounded by numerous polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Poor prognosis is correlated with a high antibody response to P. aeruginosa antigens. An animal model of this infect
Vollenbroich D; Ozel M; Vater J; Kamp RM; Pauli G; Max-Volmer-Institut fur Biophysikalische Chemie und Biochemie,; Fachgebiet Biochemie und Molekulare Biolopgie, Technische; Universitat Berlin, Franklinstrasse 29, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
The antiviral activity of surfactin, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic and biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis, was determined for a broad spectrum of different viruses, Semliki Forest virus (SFV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2), suid herpes virus (SHV-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), simian immunodefi
This study was undertaken to assess the state of the european population s knowledge on HIV transmission and means of protection. Data were delivered from different national surveys based on questionnaires administered to general population samples. The results showed that the population s knowledge on HIV/AIDS are in
Ben-David B; Gaitini L; Department of Anesthesia, B'nai Zion Medical Center, Haifa,; Israel.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To gather direct observational data on anesthesiologists compliance with universal precautions gloving standards during induction of general anesthesia. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Operating theaters of an Israeli government teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Over a four-month perio
Kir A; Tahaoglu K; Okur E; Hatipoglu T; Sureyyapasa Center for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery,; Istanbul, Turkey.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of resectional surgery as an adjuvant therapy in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. METHODS: A total of 27 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis underwent resectional surgery between 1993 and 1996. The lesions were bilateral in 16
Wingood GM; DiClemente RJ; Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health,; University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-0022, USA.
INTRODUCTION: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the association between childhood abuse, HIV-related sexual risks, and gender relations among African-American women. METHODS: The sample 165 African-American women, 18-29 years of age, were recruited by street outreach from a lower socioeconomic community
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1263-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479762
Black KP; Fultz PN; Girard M; Jackson S; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,; 35294-2170, USA.
HIV infection in humans causes various aberrancies in both the cellular and humoral immune systems, including functional abnormalities of B lymphocytes. In many instances, dysfunction occurs in the regulation of serum IgA, resulting in elevated concentrations of this immunoglobulin isotype. To determine whether HIV-1-
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1273-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479763
Black KP; Fultz PN; Girard M; Jackson S; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,; 35294-2170, USA.
Vaginal wash fluids from chimpanzees cervically infected with HIV-1 and saliva from intravenously and cervically infected chimpanzees were analyzed for total IgA, IgA1, IgA2, IgG, and albumin concentrations and for reactivity against HIV-1. No overt abnormalities were detected in salivary immunoglobulin or albumin con
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1283-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479764
Yoshida K; Nakamura M; Ohno T; Department of Microbiology, The Jikei University School of; Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were selected for resistance to the neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) NM-01. MAb NM-01 recognizes the center of the third hypervariable domain (V3 loop) of the envelope gp120, and neutralizes diverse HIV-1 strains. In the continuous presence of MAb NM-01, tr
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1291-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479765
Morikita T; Maeda Y; Fujii S; Matsushita S; Obaru K; Takatsuki K; The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University; School of Medicine, Japan.
A primary isolate (KMT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistant to recombinant soluble CD4 (rsCD4) was isolated from an HIV-1-infected individual and grown in a T lymphoid cell line. KMT isolate passaged on CEM cells (KMT/CEM) was still resistant to rsCD4. The V1/V2 and V3 regions of the viral envelop
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1301-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479766
Bariou C; Genetet N; Ruffault A; Michelet C; Cartier F; Genetet B; Groupe Universitaire de Recherche en Immunologie Fondamentale et; Appliquee, Universite de Rennes I, France.
To evaluate the contribution of a specific cytotoxic response in the control of HIV infection in relation to clinical status, we performed serial analysis of anti-Env and anti-Gag cytotoxic activity in 13 infected individuals over a 6- to 10-year period, using cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1313-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479767
Wilson SE; Habeshaw JA; Addawe MA; Hounsell EF; Oxford JS; Academic Virology, The London Hospital Medical College, UK.; swilson@hivnet.fhcrc.org
It has been proposed that the highly conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope gp120 carboxy-terminal sequence, TKAKRRVVEREKR (CT120), may represent a functional mimic of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II DR beta-chain third hypervariable region (HVR3) sequence motif located at position 6
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1325-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479768
Hori K; Hatfield D; Maldarelli F; Lee BJ; Clouse KA; Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and; Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland; 20852, USA.
Selenium is a nutritionally essential trace element that is important for optimal function of the immune system. It is incorporated into selenoproteins as the amino acid selenocysteine and it is known to inhibit the expression of some viruses. In this study, we show that selenium supplementation for 3 days prior to ex
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1333-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479769
Mergia A; Blackwell J; Chari S; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine,; University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0145, USA.
The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Rev protein and its cognate sequence the Rev response element (RRE) are essential for virus replication. Thus, the inhibition of either Rev or RRE function can significantly inhibit FIV replication. In the present study, we constructed a ribozyme that targets the RRE sequence an
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1341-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479770
Cavallaro U; Mariotti M; Wu ZH; Soria MR; Maier JA; Department of Biological and Technological Research, San Raffaele; Institute, Milan, Italy.
The normal function of the endothelium is impaired in HIV-1 infection. Disturbances of the local cytokines as well as the release of HIV-1 Tat by infected mononuclear cells play a role in endothelial dysfunction. We studied the effects of Tat on the human endothelial ECV cell line. In this system, Tat inhibited cell p
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1997 Oct 10;13(15):1349-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97479771
Candal DH; Pau CP; Luo CC; Granade T; Stetler H; Amador L; Meza R; Nunez C; Schochetman G; George JR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health; Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta,; Georgia 30333, USA.
Williams E; Berrien V; Trubey P; East Hartford Visiting Nurse Association, Inc., Connecticut, USA.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) continues to increase in the United States , especially among minority groups. The disease is impacting not only individuals, but entire families through multiple infections of family members. This results in simultaneous illness and multiple l
Ann Ital Med Int. 1997 Jan-Mar;12(1):35-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97430407
Bordin G; Boldorini R; Caldarelli Stefano R; Omodeo-Zorini E; Divisione di Medicina Interna, Azienda Ospedaliera Maggiore della; Carita di Novara.
Reactivation of latent JC virus in immunodeficient subjects can lead to a demyelinating disease following lytic oligodendrocyte infection. It is known as idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia and rarely occurs in immunosuppressed patients who are not infected by HIV. We describe a case of persistent idiopathic CD4+ lymphocy
Martinez FD; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Significant advances have been made in recent years in understanding the different ways in which asthma is expressed during childhood. There is a large group of children (20% of the population) who present with wheezing during viral infections during the first 3 years of life but whose symptoms disappear after this ag
Herranz P; Garcia J; De Lucas R; Gonzalez J; Pena JM; Diaz R; Casado M; Department of Dermatology, La Paz University Hospital, Autonoma; University, Madrid, Spain.
Skin infections caused by dermatophytes are one of the most frequent dermatological complications in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resulting from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tinea unguium associated with AIDS is characterized by being clinically more aggressive and ther
Uthayakumar S; Nandwani R; Drinkwater T; Nayagam AT; Darley CR; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Sussex County; Hospital, Brighton, U.K.
A cross-sectional study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients who attended the HIV clinic in Brighton over a 4-month period was carried out to describe the prevalence and severity of skin manifestations in HIV-positive patients and to elucidate their association with the peripheral CD4 cell count and
Fearfield LA; Gazzard B; Bunker CB; Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital,; London, U.K.
We report the first case of aquagenic urticaria in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This is a rare physical urticaria not previously described in this context. The disorder proved unamenable to conventional treatment with antihistamines, but did respond dramatically to stanozolol, suggestin
Association between mycosis fungoides (MF), its leukaemic variant Sezary syndrome (SS) and the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) has been controversial, with the reported incidence of infection varying between 0% and nearly 100%. We studied 127 patients (85 MF, 28 SS, five Sezary cell leukaemia, four lym
BACKGROUND: The natural history of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) as a primary presentation of AIDS has been well defined, but little is known about the prognosis of KS following a different AIDS defining illness (ADI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 852 consecutive individuals diagnosed with AIDS at Fairfield H
The association rates of complementary nucleic acids can be increased by 2-3 orders of magnitude in vitro by cellular proteins and low molecular weight compounds including cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In this work, we provide experimental evidence that the CTAB-mediated enhancement of RNA-RNA annealing by ap
Biochemistry. 1997 Nov 18;36(46):14056-63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039136
Kerr SG; Anderson KS; Department of Pharmacology, 333 Cedar Street, Yale University; School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, USA.
The RNA dependent DNA replication fidelity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase has been investigated using pre-steady-state kinetics under single turnover conditions. In contrast to previous estimates of low replication fidelity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the present study finds the enzyme to be more highly discrimina
Biochemistry. 1997 Nov 18;36(46):14064-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039137
Kerr SG; Anderson KS; Department of Pharmacology, 333 Cedar Street, Yale University; School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, USA.
There is lack of a correlation between biochemical studies and the observed clinical resistance of AIDS patients on long term AZT therapy. Mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in the viral isolates from these patients shows a 100-fold decrease in sensit
Biochemistry. 1997 Nov 18;36(46):14202-17. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039153
Polenova T; Iwashita T; Palmer AG 3rd; McDermott AE; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York; 10027, USA.
Suramin is a lead compound for treatment of cancer, HIV, and trypanosomiasis. The conformations of suramin in its free form and bound to phosphoglycerate kinases from T. brucei and S. cerevisae, have been studied in aqueous solutions using nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and transferred NOE NMR spectroscopies. The NOE
Baroldi G; Di Pasquale G; Silver MD; Pinelli G; Lusa AM; Fineschi V; Department of Cardiology De Gasperis, Niguarda Hospital,; University of Milan, Italy.
BACKGROUND: Focal myocardial necrosis reported in patients who died of brain lesions and in donor hearts soon after insertion has been attributed to catecholamine-related injury induced before operation, or in the perioperative period. Interpretation of the morphofunctional type of myocardial injury observed and its q
Beven L; Chaloin L; Vidal P; Heitz F; Wroblewski H; Groupe Membranes et Osmoregulation, UPRES-A CNRS No. 6026,; Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, France.
In order to investigate the effect of primary amphipathic peptides on mollicutes (wall-less bacteria), we have synthesised five molecules (P1, P2, P3, JM123, and JM133) comprising a 16 to 18-residue hydrophobic sequence and the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) PKKKRKV of simian virus 40 large-T antigen, C-terminate
Tsai H; Bobek LA; Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State; University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, USA.
Human salivary histatins (Hsns) have been known to be potent antifungal agents against Candida albicans for more than a decade. Here, we report that Hsns are also effective in killing another medically important opportunistic fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, which has become a new threat among the immunocompr
Leung KC; Meng ZQ; Ho WK; Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong,; Shatin, N.T.
Alpha momorcharin is a protein isolated from the bitter gourd. It has a number of biological activities including induction of abortion, inhibition of tumor growth and anti-HIV. All these activities may be related to the ribosome-inhibiting activity of the protein. Repeated use of alphaMMC can elicit an antigenic resp
Mizushina Y; Yoshida S; Matsukage A; Sakaguchi K; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and; Technology, Science University of Tokyo, Japan.
We found previously that long-chain fatty acids could inhibit eukaryotic DNA polymerase activities in vitro [1,2]. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mode of this inhibition in greater detail. Among the C18 to C24 fatty acids examined, the strongest inhibitor was a C24 fatty acid, nervonic acid (N
Nacken W; Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Munster Medical School,; Germany. nacken@uni-muenster.de
Here the nucleotide sequence of three cDNAs from Xenopus laevis are reported. The corresponding genes belong to the AAA-family of genes showing the strongest sequence homology to the human HIV-1 Tat binding protein 1 (TBP-1) and to the yeast SUG1 gene, respectively. Analysis of their expression pattern indicate that t
Prats G; Llovet T; Munoz C; Sole R; Mirelis B; Izquierdo C; Rodriguez P; Sabanes ME; Rabella N; Pericas R; Sanchez F; Margall N; Navarro F; Coll P; Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau,; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to describe the etiology of enteropathogenic agents over a four-year period (1992-1995) in a University Hospital in Barcelona. METHODS: We studied 12,793 stool samples, 4519 were obtained from patients under 15 years and 8274 were obtained from patients over 14 years. The specimens
Esteban J; Mateo O; Perez V; Perez G; Alvarez M; Melero J; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Getafe,; Madrid.
BACKGROUND: HIV infection is of special importance in Spain , occasionally requiring the use of intensive care units (ICU) in the management of these cases. METHODS: A retrospective review of the seropositive HIV patients was carried out of those requiring ICU admission in the author
Insausti J; Olaechea P; Barado J; Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital de Navarra,; Pamplona-Iruna.
There is no precise definition for severe community-acquired pneumonia (SEHP), but there are a number of factors which are associated with a greater severity, and which therefore recommended the admission of these patients in an intensive care unit (ICU). In the present article, we mainly refer to SEHP in the immune c
Exploring and monitoring outcomes within routine clinical practice is central to high quality patient care. It is however a complex and challenging task. Multiple interests in outcomes information are apparent and different perspectives on what counts as an effective intervention or successful outcome. The paper p
Estebanez P; Zunzunegui MV; Grant J; Fitch K; Aguilar MD; Colomo C; Pueyo I; Lorenzo M; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
The results of a multicentre study of 1668 Spanish prostitutes are described with regard to syphilis infection. For those women who permitted serological tests (n = 1095), 30.59% (confidence interval (CI): 30.55%-30.63%) were positive for markers indicating current or prior infection. After adjustment was made for oth
Lagarde E; Pison G; Enel C; Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Biologique (UMR 152, CNRS), Museum; National d'Histoire Naturelle, France.
The objective of this paper is to assess knowledge, perceptions and behavioural changes in response to AIDS in a rural community in the south of Senegal , comparing 2 cross-sectional surveys using standardized questionnaires and performed in 1990-1992 and 1994. An AIDS-related know
Khan MA; Rahman M; Khanam PA; Barkat-e-Khuda; Kane TT; Ashraf A; MCH-FP Extension Project (Rural), International Centre for; Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B).
Sexually transmitted disease (STD) in rural Bangladesh is currently a topic of great concern. To date, little information is available in the literature regarding its prevalence. It is now known, however, that the current level of STD awareness among the rural population with r
Two hundred and thirty female and 43 male-to-female transsexual Greek prostitutes were screened for serological evidence of active syphilis as judged by positivity in both rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test and treponemal (FTA-ABS and TPHA) tests. The rate of active syphilis was 20.9% in the male-to-female transsexual pro
Sharpstone D; Ross H; Hancock M; Phelan M; Crane R; Gazzard B; Department of HIV/GUM, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London,; UK.
Extrapolation of data from energy balance studies in HIV-seropositive men to HIV-seropositive women may be inaccurate due to gender differences in body composition, hormones and metabolism. If women have a different metabolic response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), nutritional advice may differ from HIV-se
Today, Kaposi is remembered for giving the first description of the angiosarcoma which bears his name. During his lifetime, he was acknowledged as one of the great masters of the Vienna School of Dermatology, a superb clinician and renowned teacher.
Mathisen GE; Johnson JP; Infectious Disease Service, UCLA-Olive View Medical Center,; Department of Medicine, Sylmar, California 91342, USA.
The past 20 years have seen major advances in the diagnosis and management of brain abscess, with a corresponding improvement in the survival rates. The advances in radiographic scanning, the availability of new antimicrobials, and the development of novel surgical techniques have all contributed to the decreases in a
Martins MD; Lozano-Chiu M; Rex JH; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical; School, Houston, USA.
To estimate the prevalence of both clinically evident and asymptomatic carriage of fluconazole-resistant Candida, we prospectively surveyed 128 adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The patients had an average CD4 cell count of 206/mm3. Ninety-seven isolates of Candida were obtained from the orophar
Marr KA; White TC; van Burik JA; Bowden RA; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington,; Seattle Biomedical Research Institute.
Oral candidiasis due to azole-resistant Candida albicans is an increasing problem in patients with AIDS who received prolonged periods of fluconazole prophylaxis. Infection with C. albicans is also frequent in patients undergoing transplantation. However, azole resistance has not been appreciated as a major problem fo
Lanzafame M; Bonora S; Di Perri G; Allegranzi B; Guasparri I; Cazzadori A; Ferrari S; Vento S; Concia E; Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of; Verona, Italy. p6
Drug Des Discov. 1997 May;15(1):17-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97473986
Hazuda D; Felock PJ; Hastings JC; Pramanik B; Wolfe AL; Department of Antiviral Research, Merck Research Laboratories,; West Point, PA 19446, USA.
An essential step in the replication of retroviruses is the integration of a DNA copy of the viral genome into the genome of the host cell. Integration encompasses a series of ordered endonucleolytic and DNA strand transfer reactions catalyzed by the viral enzyme, integrase. The requirement for integrase activity in t
Drug Des Discov. 1997 May;15(1):49-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97473989
Domagala JM; Gogliotti R; Sanchez JP; Stier MA; Musa K; Song Y; Loo J; Reily M; Tummino P; Harvey P; Hupe D; Sharmeen L; Mack D; Scholten J; Saunders J; McQuade T; Department of Chemistry, Parke Davis Pharmaceutical Research,; Division of Warner Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105,; USA.
Substituted 2,2 -dithiobisbenzamides and 2-benzisothiazolones were prepared and shown to possess low microM activity with high therapeutic indices against HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV in cell culture. The mechanism of antiviral action was determined to be directed toward the nucleocapsid protein (NCp7), which contains two zin
An Med Interna. 1997 Jun;14(6):282-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97415874
Soriano V; Heredia A; Mas A; Vallejo A; Garcia-Lerma G; Bravo R; Gomez-Cano M; Villalba N; Moreno V; Laguna F; Valencia E; Martinez P; Gonzalez-Lahoz J; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos; III, Madrid.
BACKGROUND: the efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) is lost in many treated individuals after a few weeks or months of monotherapy. The development of drug resistance seems to explain this adverse event. However, some individuals seem to persistently benefit clinically and immunologically from ongoing ZDV monotherapy. The de
An Med Interna. 1997 Jun;14(6):297-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97415877
Pizarro Portillo A; Novella Arribas B; Sanz Sanz J; Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario; de la Princesa, Madrid.
Clinical records of 14, CD4 cell counts > 400/mm3, mild symptoms or asymptomatic, HIV infected patients and with chronic active hepatitis (identified by hepatic biopsy) were under review. Four of them were infected with HBV, 8 with HCV, 1 with HDV and other one with HBV + HCV + HDV. They were treated with alpha interf
An Med Interna. 1997 Jun;14(6):310-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97415882
Martinez Vazquez JM; Cabarcos Ortiz de Barron A; Barrio Gomez E; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruna.
An Med Interna. 1997 Jul;14(7):345-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97410539
Pinilla Moraza J; Anton Botella F; Labarga Echeverria P; Sadaba Delgado C; Gimeno Villar C; Mugica Vargas M; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario San; Millan-San Pedro, Logrono, La Rioja.
OBJECTIVE: To measure CD4 molecule concentration on lymphocyte surface. And observe its evolution during one year, in HIV infected patients. To assess the importance of this measure as a prognostic marker for disease progression, compared with the total number of CD4 lymphocytes. METHODS: Clinical and analytical data
An Med Interna. 1997 Jul;14(7):357-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97410543
Suarez Ortega S; Conde Martel A; Vargas Garcia R; Lopez y Juan L; Perez Correa S; Saade ME; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Las Palmas; Norte, Hospital El Sabinal, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
Two patients with immune deficiency virus infection and cardiac manifestation are presented. The first was admitted by encephalopathy. On the first days of hospital stay were observed episodes of supraventricular tachycardia with echocardiography normal. An initial improvement made us suppose the clinical context in r
An Med Interna. 1997 Jul;14(7):363-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97410545
Martinez Vazquez JM; Cabarcos Ortiz de Barron A; Barrio Gomez E; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario; de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruna.
Biophys J. 1997 Oct;73(4):1977-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97475942
Pereira FB; Goni FM; Muga A; Nieva JL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of; the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
The peptide HIV(arg), corresponding to a sequence of 23 amino acid residues at the N-terminus of HIV-1 gp41 (LAV1a strain), has the capacity to destabilize negatively charged large unilamellar vesicles. As revealed by infrared spectroscopy, the peptide associated with those vesicles showed conformational polymorphism:
Biophys Chem. 1997 Jun 30;66(2-3):111-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98028764
Nieselt-Struwe K; Institut f. Zoologie, Univ. Munchen, Germany.
Statistical geometry is a method of comparative sequence analysis of genes. Based on the concept of the sequence space of nucleic acids it computes the geometries of sequence sets, mainly quartets, by combining both the vertical and horizontal information content of the sequences. The geometries can be used to deduce,
This review demonstrates the large analytical and diagnostic potential of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy applied to freely diffusing biomolecules in solution. All applications discussed here in detail are based on changes in the diffusion characteristics of fluorescenctly labeled complementary strands of nuclei
Ding J; Hughes SH; Arnold E; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine (CABM),; Piscataway, NJ, USA.
The conformation of the DNA and the interactions of the nucleic acid with the protein in a complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and 19-mer/18-mer double-stranded DNA template-primer (dsDNA) are described. The structure of this HIV-1 RT complex with dsDNA serves as a useful
Leite-de-Moraes MC; Dy M; CNRS URA 1461, Universite Rene-Descartes, Paris V, France.
Natural killer (NK) T cells constitute a subset of TCRalphabeta+ T lymphocytes characterized by natural killer surface receptor expression as well as by a restricted TCR repertoire. This population is capable both of secreting several cytokines, especially IL-4 and IFN-gamma, shortly after stimulation and of killing t
Galanaud P; Fior R; Boue F; Emilie D; Unite INSERM 131 et Service de Medecine Interne et Immunologie; Clinique, Hopital Antoine-Beclere, Institut Paris-Sud sur les; Cytokines, Clamart, France.
Pace JC; Stables JL; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
In an effort to determine if terminally ill patients with AIDS had greater religious and spiritual care needs than other terminally ill patient populations, particularly those with cancer, a study was conducted in a community-based hospice in the southeast. The purpose of the study was to compare the perceptions of sp
Nokes KM; Kendrew J; Rappaport A; Jordan D; Rivera L; CUNY Hunter College, USA.
The learning needs of persons with HIV/AIDS continue to grow more complex as new treatments are developed and HIV disease shifts from being a terminal to a chronic illness. Clinicians could use a simple tool to help them to focus on what clients think is important to know about living with HIV/AIDS. This article descr
Cole FL; University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, School of; Nursing, USA.
Self-esteem appears in the literature as a variable that influences the practice of risky sexual behaviors. It is often assumed that higher levels of self-esteem are associated with safer sexual behaviors, especially those that prevent the spread of HIV. The research literature was reviewed to examine the relationship
Walsek C; Zafonte M; Bowers JM; NIH National Cancer Institute, USA.
Ongoing nutritional assessment is vital in the care of adults and children with HIV infection. Nutritional deficiency is a common manifestation of HIV disease and results from a variety of factors. Nurses caring for individuals with HIV infection in a variety of settings can be instrumental in identifying nutritional
Katzenstein DA; Stanford University Medical Center, CA, USA.
Suboptimal therapeutic doses of HIV protease inhibitors lead to the emergence of drug resistance and reduced drug efficacy. It is imperative, then, that patients and clinicians alike are fully educated about the importance of patients taking all the pills in these n
Williams A; Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, USA.
Clinical effectiveness of the new highly active antiretroviral therapies depends in large part on patients ability to adhere to demanding medication regimens because the suboptimal drug levels associated with nonadherence are, in turn, associated with the development of antiretroviral resistance. However, definitions
Wolfe GS; Physician Disease Management, Washington, DC, USA.
The nurse as case manager has a responsibility to help patients become fully informed before making decisions about specific antiretroviral therapy regimens. In addition, the case manager can help patients assess their current situation with regard to the possibility of taking and adhering to complex antiretroviral re
Among the highly diverse population of persons living with HIV/AIDS are individuals with particularly challenging life circumstances that can be called special situations. Substance abuse and homelessness are examples of special situations that require additional consideration when attempting to determine the approp
Ungvarski P; HIV Infection Visiting Nurse Service of New York, USA.
The issue of adherence to any therapy prescribed by a health care provider is multidimensional and includes personal challenges that exist in the daily life of any client, as well as the individual practices and attitudes of the health care provider. In addition, since most health is delivered in congregate settings s
Blood. 1997 Dec 1;90(11):4278-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98043616
Said JW; Rettig MR; Heppner K; Vescio RA; Schiller G; Ma HJ; Belson D; Savage A; Shintaku IP; Koeffler HP; Asou H; Pinkus G; Pinkus J; Schrage M; Green E; Berenson JR; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, the Division of; Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs; West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
We have recently demonstrated the presence of Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in cultured bone marrow (BM) stromal dendritic cells from all patients with myeloma studied. To show that these findings were not an artifact of tissue culture, we performed in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain rea
Blood. 1997 Dec 1;90(11):4638-45. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98043655
Kiem HP; Heyward S; Winkler A; Potter J; Allen JM; Miller AD; Andrews RG; Clinical Research and Molecular Medicine Divisions, Fred; Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
Many diseases might be treated by gene therapy targeted to the hematopoietic system, but low rates of gene transfer achieved in humans and large animals have limited the application of this technique. We have developed a competitive hematopoietic repopulation assay in baboons to evaluate methods for improving gene tra
Blood. 1997 Dec 1;90(11):4651-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98043657
Yang YG; Sergio JJ; Pearson DA; Szot GL; Shimizu A; Sykes M; BMT Section, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Surgical; Service, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School,; Boston, MA 02129, USA.
We have recently demonstrated that a single injection of 4,900 IU of interleukin-12 (IL-12) on the day of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) markedly inhibits acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a fully major histocompatibility complex plus minor antigen-mismatched BMT model (A/J --> B10, H-2(a) --> H-2(b)), in w
Uchino H; Omachi Health Center, Nagano Prefecture.
For better understanding of the sexual behaviours that are high-risk in terms of HIV infection, a random sample of 200 people aged above 20 and below 60 years, from a population of 23,700, was selected in the provincial city of Nagano and surveyed by visitation. The responses of 156 people (a rate of response of 78%)
Rinkenberger JL; Korsmeyer SJ; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco; 94143-0750, USA. rinken@itsa.ucsf.edu
Apoptosis research has accelerated with the discovery of genes within a common cell death pathway and evidence for their inter-relationship. Breakthroughs include insights into the mechanism of action of the Bcl-2 family, caspases and their targets, and death receptor complexes. Deregulation of apoptosis is evident in
Glycoconj J. 1997 Aug;14(5):639-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97442148
Rider CC; Division of Biochemistry, Royal Holloway University of London,; Egham, Surrey, UK. c.rider@vms.rhbnc.ac.uk
Heparin is one of several sulphated polysaccharides which potently inhibit replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultures of CD4+ve human cells. The EC50 value is around 5 microg ml(-1). We have demonstrated that heparin binds to recombinant gp120, the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, at a s
Shin EH; Osada Y; Chai JY; Matsumoto N; Takatsu K; Kojima S; Department of Parasitology, Institute of Medical Science,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection is characterized by blood and tissue eosinophilia induced by interleukin (IL)-5 secreted from CD4+ T cells. However, it is still obscure whether eosinophils play an important role in the protection against N. brasiliensis infection. In this study we attempted to determine whether
Koffi N; Boka JB; Anzouan-Kacou JB; Aka-Danguy E; Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
This study concerns one case of ganglionary African histoplasmosis observed in a pregnant woman. The diagnosis of this histoplasmosis case has been based on histological presentation. This patient has a HIV negative serologic reaction. The histoplasmosis clinical presentation is like tuberculosis, so its diagnosis is
Yedomon HG; Hodonou R; Do Ango-Padonou F; Akpo C; Goudote E; Bourlond A; Service de dermatologie, C.N.H.U., Cotonou, Benin.
About two cases of Buschke-Loewenstein tumor--one of the penis in man infected with HIV and another of perianal area-, the authors insist on the relative frequency of Buschke-Loewenstein tumor in non-circumcised and homosexual groups. They emphasize the continuous precancerous spectrum of Buschke-Loewenstein tumor.
Pitche P; Ategbo S; Gbadoe A; Bassuka-Parent A; Mouzou B; Tchangai-Walla K; Service de dermatologie-venereologie, CHU-Tokion, Lome, Togo.
A transversal study allowed to analyse the different features of severe bullous toxicodermatosis, and its relations with HIV infection. Since March 1992 to December 1995, 15 patients were hospitalized in Lome Teaching Hospital for severe bullous toxicodermatosis: 16 cases of Lyell s syndrome, 8 cases of Stevens-Johnso
Soucy MD; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
Fatigue and depression have devastating and debilitating effects on functional status, social and occupational functioning, and quality of life in persons with human immunodeficiency virus disease. Contributing factors involved are multifaceted and bidirectional in nature. Thorough assessment of fatigue and depression
BMJ. 1997 Nov 15;315(7118):1281-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98051495
Scott G; Goldberg D; Weir M; Cameron S; Peutherer J; Carrington D; Follett E; Leadbetter G; Scoular A; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh.
Shimamoto Y; Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima,; Japan.
In this review, we discuss the possible relationship between the clinical characteristics and the multiple integration of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Some patients with ATL show multiple HTLV-I integrations and exhibit clinical cha
James SL; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National; Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sj13Y@nih.gov
Thomas MI; Anderson JC; Hatch DJ; McGarry JJ; Stone PA; Paden MH; Presbyterian/St. Lukes Podiatric Surgical Residency Program,; Denver, Colorado, USA.
A case involving a benign osteochondral tumor of the talar dome is presented. Graft considerations are reviewed and some of their specific characteristics are highlighted. Selection of a fresh-frozen cadaveric graft in this case was based on the goal of maintaining articular congruity in the ankle joint. The authors
Kafri T; Blomer U; Peterson DA; Gage FH; Verma IM; Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California; 92037, USA.
Successful gene therapy approaches will require efficient gene delivery and sustained expression of the transgene in recipients. A variety of methods, ranging from direct DNA delivery to infection with recombinant viruses containing foreign genes, have been developed, but they all have some major limitations that rest
Brechard N; Galea P; Silvy F; Amram M; Chermann JC; Laboratoire d'Analyses de Biologie Medicale, Marseille.
Ejaculates from 22 seropositive males were collected at various times 1 to 11 ejaculates for each in one year period of time. After fractionation, no virus is detected in mobile and living spermatozoa. Moreover, HIV is not always found in all ejaculates from the same patient.
Katano H; Kaneko K; Shimizu S; Saito T; Irie T; Mori S; Department of Pathology, Omiya Red Cross Hospital, Japan.; katano@Ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is an exceedingly rare neoplasm of unknown pathogenesis. A case of FDC sarcoma complicated by the hyaline-vascular type Castleman s disease occurring in a schizophrenic male is presented. Swelling of the left cervical lymph node appeared in a 44-year-old male schizophrenic who h
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 1997 Jul;5(3):71-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98038104
Oliveira MA; Bueno SM; Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao; Paulo.
As school has been a crucial space for the development of knowledge and abilities in order to assure changes of behavior and considering the lack of reports about sexuality and STD/AIDS to the students, the present study aims to search scholars from three classes of high school, from a town surrounding the city of Rib
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1997 Oct;33(9):710-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98023124
Nikolai G; Friedl P; Werner M; Niggemann B; Zanker KS; Institute of Immunology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany.
Migration and tissue distribution of immunocompetent cells may be critical prerequisites for efficient immune surveillance. The effect of various concentrations of the mistletoe extract Iscador QuFrF on the locomotory behavior and viability of immunomagnetically isolated human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes within three-
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;156(5):1421-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039924
Kelly EA; Rodriguez RR; Busse WW; Jarjour NN; Department of Medicine, University Wisconsin School of Medicine,; Madison 53972, USA.
We hypothesized that allergen-induced airway eosinophilia is linked to activation or recruitment of T cells in the airway and generation of interleukin-5 (IL-5). To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed bronchoscopy with segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in 12 atopic subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;156(5):1487-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039934
Leff DR; Leff AR; Medill School of Journalism, Northwestern University, Evanston,; Illinois, USA.
Since 1980, we have surveyed at 4-yr intervals the metropolitan health departments initially reporting > 250 cases of tuberculosis to determine the perceived standard of practice for tuberculosis control and the factors affecting formulation of treatment policies. Between 1992 and 1996, use of supervised short-course
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;156(5):1501-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039936
Agostini C; Adami F; Poulter LW; Israel-Biet D; Freitas e Costa M; Cipriani A; Sancetta R; Lipman MC; Juvin K; Teles-Araujo AD; Cadrobbi P; Masarotto G; Semenzato G; Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical and; Experimental Medicine, Italy.
In this multicenter study, we investigated the prognostic factors that influence the risk of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Clinical and laboratory indices obtained from 161 HIV-seropositive patients who underwent a detailed morphologic and immunophenotypic evaluation of bronchoal
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;156(5):1586-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039949
Ziegenhagen MW; Benner UK; Zissel G; Zabel P; Schlaak M; Muller-Quernheim J; Research Center Borstel, Medical Hospital, Germany.
At the time of diagnosis, many sarcoidosis patients have no clinical indication for corticosteroid therapy, and prognostic parameters predicting deterioration are missing. In the present study, we investigated parameters derived from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum in 77 patients with recently diagnosed sarcoid
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;156(5):1593-600. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039950
Zissel G; Baumer I; Fleischer B; Schlaak M; Muller-Quernheim J; Research Center Borstel, Medical Hospital, Germany.
The TCR repertoire and the CD4/CD8 ratio of clones from peripheral blood (PB), transbronchial biopsies (TBB), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 16 sarcoid patients was analyzed by staining the clones with monoclonal antibodies against nine V beta-families. We observed a striking increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio of the
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;156(5):1633-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039956
Saetta M; Turato G; Facchini FM; Corbino L; Lucchini RE; Casoni G; Maestrelli P; Mapp CE; Ciaccia A; Fabbri LM; Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Padua, Italy.
To characterize the inflammatory process in the bronchial glands of smokers with chronic sputum production, we examined lobar bronchi from 18 subjects undergoing lung resection for localized pulmonary lesions, all with a history of cigarette smoking. Nine of the subjects had symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic
Beau JP; Imboua-Coulibaly L; CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
Stunting and weight-loss are common complications of HIV infection in children. The aim of this study was to assess whether stunting, assessed using a height-for-age index, is a discriminating factor for HIV in malnourished children. This is a retrospective study of 66 children, all older than 15 months, with marasmus
Maiga I; Doumbo O; Dembele M; Traore H; Desportes-Livage I; Hilmarsdottir I; Giboyau E; Maiga L; Kassambara L; el Fakhry Y; Datry A; Gentilini M; Pichard E; Laboratoire de biologie medicale, Hopital national du Point G,; Bamako, Mali.
A study was conducted between 1993 and 1996 in Bamako to determine the rate of occurrence of microsporidia in 88 patients. Most (80%) had chronic diarrhea associated with weight loss and 87.5% were HIV-positive. Intestinal microsporidia were detected in 32% of the patients infected with HIV-1, HIV-2, or coinfected wit
Marchell N; Alster TS; Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery, DC, USA.
The clinical appearance of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) can cause significant disfigurement and lead to functional impairment, particularly if the lesions ulcerate and become secondarily infected. We describe a patient with a KS plaque on the face that was successfully treated with 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy. No r
Quijano G; Siminovich M; Drut R; Servicio de Patologia, Hospital de Ninos Superiora Sor Maria; Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina.
The present report describes the histopathological features of lymphoreticular tissues in 29 pediatric autopsies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Mean age for the whole group was 1.77 years; 68.9% and 62% of the cases were 2 years old or less and 1 year old or less at the time of death, respect
Bioorg Med Chem. 1997 Aug;5(8):1715-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97459097
Chen DF; Zhang SX; Xie L; Xie JX; Chen K; Kashiwada Y; Zhou BN; Wang P; Cosentino LM; Lee KH; Department of Pharmacognosy, Shanghai Medical University,; People's Republic of China.
Bioactivity-directed fractionation of an ethanolic extract of the stems of Kadsura interior led to the isolation and identification of 12 known lignans (1-12). Seven of these compounds (1, 6, 8-12) were active as anti-HIV agents. Gomisin-G (11) exhibited the most potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 and therapeutic inde
Br Med Bull. 1997;53(3):509-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98041412
Young LS; Dawson CW; Eliopoulos AG; CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham; Medical School, UK.
Virus infection and replication are often associated with apoptosis and this effect is likely to be responsible for much of the pathology associated with infectious disease. Many viruses encode proteins which can inhibit apoptosis thereby either prolonging the survival of infected cells such that the production of pro
Br Med Bull. 1997;53(3):604-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98041418
Peter ME; Ehret A; Berndt C; Krammer PH; Tumorimmunology Program, German Cancer Research Center,; Heidelberg, Germany.
Activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T cells involves the CD95 receptor/ligand system. T cell activation through the T cell receptor results in expression of the CD95 ligand (CD95L) that acts on CD95+ cells by direct binding and in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. In AIDS, upregulation of CD95L in T cells is accel
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 1997 Aug;4(4):303-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98029120
Moreira AS; Rodrigues AR; Coler MS; Department of Public Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Federal; University of Paraiba, Brazil.
A model for analysis of the nurse-patient interactive process (MAIP), based on the analysis of the content of that interaction, is proposed as a method for determining appropriate psychosocial nursing diagnoses for the patient. The model focuses on the qualitative aspects of the phenomenon of interaction. The MAIP per
Smith KV; Russell J; University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Nursing 64108-2676,; USA.
The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to many ethical problems. Most studies have focused on the ethical issues faced by nurses who provide care to persons with AIDS (PWA), rather than the ethical issues faced by PWAs themselves. The purpose of this st
Huebner WW; Schnatter AR; Nicolich MJ; Jorgensen G; Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc., East Millstone NJ 08875-2350,; USA.
This retrospective study examines the mortality patterns of a relatively young cohort of 81,746 former and current petrochemical company employees. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for 1979 through 1992 are generally from about unity to well below unity for major causes and numerous specific causes of death studied
Hecht FM; Wheat J; Korzun AH; Hafner R; Skahan KJ; Larsen R; Limjoco MT; Simpson M; Schneider D; Keefer MC; Clark R; Lai KK; Jacobson JM; Squires K; Bartlett JA; Powderly W; Albert Einstein College, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
PURPOSE: To study the efficacy and safety of maintenance treatment with itraconazole for disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, open-label study conducted at university-based hospitals participating in the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG). Forty-si
Bartholow BN; MacQueen KM; Douglas JM Jr; Buchbinder S; McKirnan D; Judson FN; National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for; Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and; Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, U.S.A. bnb1@cdc.gov
This paper describes the willingness of 1267 men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in a prospective HIV vaccine preparedness study from Chicago, Denver, and San Francisco to enroll in HIV vaccine efficacy trials. Respondents were interviewed at baseline and followed-up at 6, 12, and 18 months. At each visit respond
Karon JM; Green TA; Hanson DL; Ward JW; National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention-Surveillance and; Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United; States Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia; 30333, U.S.A.
Expansion of the surveillance definition for AIDS in the United States in 1993 caused a substantial distortion in the trend in AIDS incidence, mainly because CD4-positive (CD4+) T-lymphocyte criteria were added to the definition. To evaluate trends in the rate at which HIV-infected per
Murphy JT; Mueller GE; Whitman S; Epidemiology Program, Chicago Department of Public Health,; Illinois 60604, U.S.A.
A dramatic shift in the relative distribution of the five categories of heterosexual transmission for AIDS cases diagnosed in Chicago since 1991 prompted a mode-of-transmission validation study of what had become the most frequently reported heterosexual exposure: heterosexual relations with a person with AIDS (PWA) o
Des Jarlais DC; Padian N; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York 10003, U.S.A.
The controversy over targeted versus universalistic programs for HIV prevention has persisted throughout the history of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States and in some European countries. Building on previous analyses, we outline methods for integrating universalistic and ta
Rencher SD; Hurwitz JL; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,; University of Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A.
In past years, much attention has been paid to the HIV-1 envelope (env) protein variable region 3 (V3), termed the principal neutralizing determinant. HIV-1 vaccines were often designed to target V3, and vaccine efficacy was often measured with V3-based assays. Thus, some disappointment resulted when volunteers in fir
Heinkelein M; Muller M; Kutsch O; Sopper S; Jassoy C; Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians; University, Wurzburg, Germany.
Contact of HIV glycoprotein-expressing cells with CD4+ T lymphocytes in vitro causes cell-cell fusion and/or cytopathogenicity. The question of whether this process similarly underlies the death of helper T cells in vivo has not yet been resolved. To investigate the loss of uninfected CD4+ T cells in an environment th
Liu Z; Cumberland WG; Hultin LE; Prince HE; Detels R; Giorgi JV; Department of Epidemiology, Los Angeles Center Multicenter AIDS; Cohort Study, UCLA School of Public Health, California, U.S.A.
The prognostic value of several immunologic markers were compared in Los Angeles Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants, most of whom had been infected with HIV for >8 years. Markers studied included CD4+ cell number, flow cytometric measurements of CD8+ cell expression of CD38 and HLA-DR antigens, and seru
Pedersen C; Katzenstein T; Nielsen C; Lundgren JD; Gerstoft J; Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital,; Denmark.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prognostic value of a single serum HIV-RNA measurement 6-24 months after HIV seroconversion, and to investigate whether any differences in outcome related to the clinical course of primary infection could be explained by presumed steady-state HIV-RNA levels at 6-24 mon
Loubeau M; Ahmad A; Toma E; Menezes J; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal; and Ste-Justine Hospital, Quebec, Canada.
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important subset of lymphocytes capable of killing virus-infected target cells without prior sensitization. HIV-infected individuals show impairment of their NK cell activity. Although the mechanism responsible for this defect remains unclear, NK cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from these
Fujimura RK; Goodkin K; Petito CK; Douyon R; Feaster DJ; Concha M; Shapshak P; Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida 33136, U.S.A.
A definitive relation between HIV-1 load and the clinical diagnosis of HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) has not yet been established. Knowledge of the neuroanatomic distribution of HIV-1 load in the brain of individuals with HAD and HIV-1 encephalitis may facilitate elucidation of t
Lundgren JD; Phillips AN; Vella S; Katlama C; Ledergerber B; Johnson AM; Reiss P; Gatell J; Clumeck N; Dietrich M; Benfield TL; Nielsen JO; Pedersen C; University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.; EuroSIDA@inet.uni-c.dk
Little is known about how widely HIV-related drugs are used outside controlled clinical trials. We therefore assessed factors associated with use of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and primary prophylactic regimens to prevent HIV-associated opportunistic infections. Baseline data from a prospective study from May to Augu
Sha BE; D'Amico RD; Landay AL; Spear GT; Massad LS; Rydman RJ; Warner NA; Padnick J; Ackatz L; Charles LA; Benson CA; Department of Medicine, Rush Medical; College/Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago,; Illinois 60612, U.S.A.
We analyzed 21 cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) specimens from 19 women participating in the Women s Interagency HIV Study to characterize levels of antibody, cytokine, and complement and to determine associations between these levels and stage of the menstrual cycle, HIV status, and the presence of concurrent genital infe
Modahl LE; Young KC; Varney KF; Khayam-Bashi H; Murphy EL; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San; Francisco, 94143-0884, U.S.A.
Disease associations of HTLV-II are poorly defined, despite a high seroprevalence among injection drug users (IDU). One hundred twenty-four HTLV-II-seropositive emergency room and clinic patients were matched by age, sex, and clinic to 120 HTLV-I/II-seronegative patients. Medical records were reviewed blinded to HTLV-
Barbut F; Meynard JL; Guiguet M; Avesani V; Bochet MV; Meyohas MC; Delmee M; Tilleul P; Frottier J; Petit JC; Service de Bacteriologie-Virologie, Hopital Saint-Antoine,; Paris, France.
A retrospective analysis of all the cases of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in hospitalized patients infected with HIV was performed over a 52-month period to assess the incidence, epidemiology, and risk factors of CDAD. A case of CDAD was defined as a patient with diarrhea and a positive stool cytot
Lemp GF; Porco TC; Hirozawa AM; Lingo M; Woelffer G; Hsu LC; Katz MH; AIDS Office, San Francisco Department of Public Health,; California 94102, U.S.A.
To predict the incidence of AIDS from 1978 through 1998 in San Francisco, we developed a model that combined annual HIV seroconversion rates for homosexual and bisexual men and for heterosexual injecting drug users with estimates of the incubation period distribution between HIV seroconversion and AIDS diagnosis and w
Snyder DC; Mohle-Boetani JC; Chandler A; Oliver G; Livermore T; Royce S; Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center, San Francisco,; California, U.S.A.
Although the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic has been attributed in part to the AIDS epidemic, few studies in the United States have measured the risk attributable to HIV infection. We linked the TB registry of Alameda County, California, 1985 to 1994, with the AIDS registry, 1982 to 1994.
Rida W; Fast P; Hoff R; Fleming T; Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious; Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7620, U.S.A.
There has been considerable debate over what evidence from preclinical and clinical studies is required to advance an HIV vaccine candidate to phase III efficacy testing. Given this situation, conduct of intermediate-size trials is proposed as a method for assessing the plausibility that a vaccine candidate would prev
Esu-Williams E; Mulanga-Kabeya C; Takena H; Zwandor A; Aminu K; Adamu I; Yetunde O; Akinsete I; Patrel D; Peeters M; Delaporte E; HIV Screening Centre, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
To determine current data on HIV infection and to further confirm the presence of HIV-1 group O infection in Nigeria , 2300 samples from five states were tested for the presence of HIV antibody. A convenience sampling was obtained from pregnant women, tuberculosis (TB) patients, co
Kral AH; Lorvick J; Bluthenthal RN; Watters JK; Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine,; University of California, San Francisco 94143-1304, U.S.A.; alkral@ITSA.UCSF.EDU
The objective of this study was to analyze HIV-related risks of women injection drug users (IDU) and crack cocaine users (CCU) who have sex with women (WSW). IDU and CCU women (N = 3856) were recruited from street settings in 19 U.S. cities between 1992 and 1994. For this study, we analyze data on 231 women who report
Foga IO; Nath A; Hasinoff BB; Geiger JD; Department of Pharmacology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg,; Canada.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in HIV-1 pathogenesis and HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity. Our studies determined the extent to which gp120 increased ROS production in human monocytic U937 cells and the effectiveness of various agents, including dipyridamole (DPR), in blocking these response
Strasser F; Gowland PL; Ruef C; Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich,; Switzerland.
SUMMARY: To assess the value of MRP 8, MRP 14, and MRP 8/14 serum concentrations as markers of disease progression in HIV infection and as markers of intercurrent infections. DESIGN: We measured MRP 8, MRP 14, and MRP 8/14 serum concentrations in 184 HIV-infected patients in various stages of disease with or without d
Rousseau CM; Just JJ; Abrams EJ; Casabona J; Stein Z; King MC; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle; 98195-7720, USA. cmr@u.washington.edu
CCR5, a chemokine receptor, serves as a coreceptor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1 (1-3). A 32-bp deletion within the gene encoding CCR5, CCR5del32, has been shown to prevent HIV-1 infection of T cells in the absence of a wild-type allele. This alteration is present in low frequency in Caucasian populations (4-6). To inve
Edelstein RE; Arcuino LA; Hughes JP; Melvin AJ; Mohan KM; King PD; McLellan CL; Murante BL; Kassman BP; Frenkel LM; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
To determine if the 32-bp deletion of the chemokine receptor CCR5 (delta32ccr5) protects against mother-to-infant transmission of HIV-1, specimens from all uninfected and infected children who were perinatally exposed to HIV-1 and observed since 1988 and whose mothers did not take zidovudine were assessed for delta32c
Fischl MA; Richman DD; Saag M; Meng TC; Squires KE; Holden-Wiltse J; Meehan PM; Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida 33101, USA.
We conducted a three-arm, randomized, phase II study to evaluate the combination of zidovudine (600 mg/day) and zalcitabine (2.25 mg/day) alone or with one of two interferon-alpha2a doses (1 mIU or 6 mIU daily). Primary study endpoints included toxicity and changes from baseline for plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4 cells, and qu
Cofrancesco J Jr; Whalen JJ 3rd; Dobs AS; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Hypogonadism is well documented in HIV-infected men, particularly as they progress to AIDS and in those with symptoms of wasting. Testosterone deficiency can be diagnosed with simple laboratory tests, and various treatment options exist. The benefits of androgen replacement are well documented from a large body of lit
Chesney MA; Chambers DB; Kahn JO; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine,; University of California, San Francisco, 94105, USA.; margaret_chesney@quickmail.ucsf.edu
We conducted a longitudinal study of participants in phase I and II HIV vaccine safety and immunogenicity trials to examine changes in sexual risk behavior that are associated with risk of HIV transmission. The participants were 48 HIV-negative men and women enrolled in one of two placebo-controlled HIV vaccine trials
Baum MK; Shor-Posner G; Zhang G; Lai H; Quesada JA; Campa A; Jose-Burbano M; Fletcher MA; Sauberlich H; Page JB; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of; Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA.
Nutritional deficiencies may contribute to immune dysregulation, and have been shown to be sensitive markers of HIV-1 disease progression. Only limited information exists, however, regarding the nutritional profile of HIV-1-seropositive drug abusers. Immune and nutritional measurements were obtained in a subsample of
Sabin CA; Bofill M; Phillips AN; Elford J; Janossy G; Lee CA; Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free; Hospital and School of Medicine, London, England.
Soluble CD30 (sCD30) levels within 3 years of HIV seroconversion were studied in 85 hemophilic men infected with HIV. All men were coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Levels of sCD30 were elevated in these men when compared with controls. These elevated levels did not appear to be a result of treatment with inter
Jacquez JA; Department of Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,; USA.
After reviewing the evidence on the relation of vertical transmission of HIV to stage of infection in the mother, I developed a stochastic model of transmission in which the probability of transmission per week is proportional to the virus load in the mother. The virus load in different stages of the infection is meas
Nelson KE; Eiumtrakul S; Celentano D; Maclean I; Ronald A; Suprasert S; Hoover DR; Kuntolbutra S; Zenilman JM; Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University,; Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
To evaluate the association between sexually transmitted diseases that commonly may cause genital ulceration and prevalent and incident HIV infections, we conducted three case control studies in a cohort of 21-year-old male military conscripts in northern Thailand . The men were e
Holbrook KA; Klein RS; Hartel D; Elliott DA; Barsky TB; Rothschild LH; Lowy FD; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert; Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10467, USA.
Nasal colonization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections. To identify characteristics associated with colonization, we studied a cross-section of a well-described cohort of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative active and former drug users considered at risk for staphylococcal in
Miles SA; University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Clinical AIDS; Research and Education, 90095-1793, USA.
Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and the important role that viral load plays in the initial selection of antiretroviral therapy significantly alters our management of this disease. Guidelines from the British HIV Association, International AIDS Soc
Chaisson RE; Moore RD; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; 21287-6220, USA.
Patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who are severely immunosuppressed develop a variety of opportunistic infections that have a significant impact on their well-being, quality of life, health-care costs, and survival. The risk for development of opportunistic infections depends on expos
Scadden DT; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and AIDS Research; Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02129, USA.
Multilineage hematopoietic defects occur in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and affect therapy of the disease and of associated opportunistic infections and neoplasms. Anemia and neutropenia are common in HIV patients, and can occur as a result of HIV-related myelosuppression or complication
Saag MS; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The; University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-2050, USA.
A number of virologic and immunologic markers, including serum human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 p24 antigen levels, quantitative HIV-1 microculture of plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and CD4 cell counts, have been used over the past decade to monitor progression of HIV infection. Although these marke
Kotler DP; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center,; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New; York, New York 10025, USA.
Malnutrition is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and plays an important role in morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition can affect hospitalizations, disease complications, quality of life, and survival, and has adverse clinical consequences that may be independent of CD4 lymphocyte count. There hav
Miles SA; University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Clinical AIDS; Research and Education, 90095-1793, USA.
Advances in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, including the use of potent combination antiretroviral regimens, has greatly improved the outlook for patients with AIDS. Because HIV patients can now survive for extended periods, clinicians need to develop rational plans for long-term therapy
Wozel G; Blasum C; Winter C; Gerlach B; Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus,; Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: Dapsone (4,4 diaminodiphenylsulfone) is effective in treating leprosy, chronic inflammatory conditions and opportunistic infections in HIV patients. By the oral route, the sulfone is metabolized to monoacetyldapsone (MADDS) and dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NOH). We have addressed the question as to whether th
Huq I; Wang X; Rana TM; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson (Rutgers) Medical; School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey,; Piscataway 08854, USA.
de Almeida OP; de Souza Filho FJ; Scully C; Line SR; Porter S; Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School of Piracicaba,; University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
A series of dental outpatients in Brazil was anonymously screened for HIV antibodies in whole unstimulated saliva with an immunoglobulin G antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Salivary HIV antibodies were detected in 40 patients in the control group who were known to
Eversole LR; Reichart PA; Ficarra G; Schmidt-Westhausen A; Romagnoli P; Pimpinelli N; School of Dentistry, UCLA, USA.
INTRODUCTION: Candidiasis is the most commonly encountered opportunistic infection among HIV-positive subjects. The purpose of this study was to assess specific keratinocyte immune parameters in the pseudomembranous and erythematous forms of HIV-associated oral candidiasis. MATERIAL/METHODS: This collaborative study f
Nakajima H; Liu XW; Wynshaw-Boris A; Rosenthal LA; Imada K; Finbloom DS; Hennighausen L; Leonard WJ; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and; Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892, USA.
Stat5a was identified as a prolactin-induced transcription factor but also is activated by other cytokines, including interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) and IL-7. We have now analyzed the immune system of Stat5a-deficient mice. Stat5a-/- splenocytes exhibited defective IL-2-induced
Sibalic V; Fan X; Wuthrich RP; Physiological Institute, University Zurich-Irchel, Switzerland.
CBA/CaH-kdkd mice develop a spontaneous and chronic tubulointerstitial renal disease which is characterised by mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular collapse and cystic dilatation of tubules. The pathogenic mechanisms of renal injury have not been fully elucidated in this model. We have analysed the nature of infiltr
Cancer Gene Ther. 1997 Sep-Oct;4(5):286-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98005484
Morozov VA; Noguiez-Hellin P; Laune S; Tamboise E; Salzmann JL; Klatzmann D; Laboratoire de Biologie et Therapeutique des Pathologies; Immunitaires, Universite P. et M. Curie, CNRS ERS 107, Hopital; Pitie-Salpetriere, CERVI, Paris, France.
We recently described a novel nonviral/viral vector for gene transfer, the plasmovirus (Noguiez-Hellin P, Robert-le Meur M, Laune S, et al. C R Acad Sci Paris, Sciences de la Vie. 1996;319:45-50; Noguiez-Hellin P, Robert-le Meur M, Salzmann J-L, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:4175-4180). Plasmoviruses are plas
Trop Med Int Health. 1997 Oct;2(10):978-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98020358
Lawn SD; Frimpong EH; Nyarko E; Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of; Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
We evaluated Mycodot , a commercially marketed immunodiagnostic test for tuberculosis which detects antibodies to lipoarabinomannan antigen. Serum was tested from 52 patients with newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, of whom 20 were HIV-positive and 32 HIV-negative. Control sera were taken from 40 p
We report an epidemic of konzo, symmetric spastic paraparesis associated with cassava consumption and cyanide exposure: 384 patients were treated in rehabilitation centres; the prevalence rate in a badly affected area was 30/1000. Most patients were children over 3 and women. Owing to war, communities turned to bitter
Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were determined among 252 homosexual men with no history of intravenous drug use (median age 33 years, range 18-77) treated at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Rome. The overall prevalence of antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) wa
New Microbiol. 1997 Oct;20(4):339-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98046714
Fiore JR; La Grasta L; Di Stefano M; Buccoliero G; Pastore G; Angarano G; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Italy.
Evidence indicates that seminal plasma is cytotoxic when used in lymphocyte cultures. In fact, an amine oxidase which is normally present in Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) causes spermine oxidation and, finally, cytotoxic substances are released. This seminal quality might obviously hamper studies aiming to evaluate the role
New Microbiol. 1997 Oct;20(4):345-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98046715
Manfredi R; Re MC; Furlini G; Gorini R; Chiodo F; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of; Bologna, Italy.
The effects of the administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF) on HIV-1 replication were evaluated in 15 patients with advanced HIV-1 disease and severe leukopenia, by monitoring immunocomplex dissociated p24 antigenemia, during 21 overall courses of therapy with rH
Subst Use Misuse. 1997 Sep;32(11):1539-54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97477931
Willems JC; Iguchi MY; Lidz V; Bux DA Jr; University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
This pilot study used snowball recruitment methods and intensive interviews to assess personal drug-using networks and HIV risk behavior of injection drug users (IDUs). Index subjects were 22 methadone maintenance patients reporting current drug injection who were interviewed about personal drug-using networks both cu
Moses AV; Williams SE; Strussenberg JG; Heneveld ML; Ruhl RA; Bakke AC; Bagby GC; Nelson JA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon; Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3011, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is associated with the development of aggressive extranodal B-cell non-Hodgkin s lymphomas. Using microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC)-enriched bone marrow stromal cultures, HIV infection of stromal MVECs from lymphoma patients induced the outgrowth of malignant B cells.
Mazzoli S; Trabattoni D; Lo Caputo S; Piconi S; Ble C; Meacci F; Ruzzante S; Salvi A; Semplici F; Longhi R; Fusi ML; Tofani N; Biasin M; Villa ML; Mazzotta F; Clerici M; Centro M.S.T./U.O. Malattie Infettive, Ospedale S.M. Annunziata,; Florence, Italy.
HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity was analyzed in heterosexual couples discordant for HIV status in serum and in HIV-unexposed controls. HIV-specific IgA but not IgG was present in urine and vaginal wash samples from HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESN), whereas both IgA and IgG were observed in their H
Urnovitz HB; Sturge JC; Gottfried TD; Calypte Biomedical, California 94710, USA. hervdoc@aol.com
Clinical trial results from 11,344 paired urine and serum samples revealed 1,181 HIV-1-positive individuals confirmed by western blot (WB). There were 25 discrepant samples: 10 were urine enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and WB positive, serum non-reactive and serum WB negative or indeterminate, and 15 were serum EIA and WB p
Scarlatti G; Tresoldi E; Bjorndal A; Fredriksson R; Colognesi C; Deng HK; Malnati MS; Plebani A; Siccardi AG; Littman DR; Fenyo EM; Lusso P; Unit of Immunobiology of HIV, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific; Institute, Milan, Italy.
Following the identification of the C-C chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta as major human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells, several chemokine receptors were found to serve as membrane co-receptors for primate immunodeficiency lentiretroviruses. The two most widely used
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages. This cytokine has been found to mediate the growth of certain tumors, the replication of HIV-1, septic shock, cachexia, graft-versus-host disease, and autoimmune diseases. The binding of TNF-alpha to the
Lee CG; Jeang KT; Martin MA; Pastan I; Gottesman MM; Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA.
Ribozymes as anti-HIV-1 agents hold promise for the treatment of AIDS. They can be delivered into cells either exogenously or through an expression system. For effective protection against HIV-1, sufficient and sustained amounts of the antiviral ribozymes must be delivered into target cells. The coexpression of a domi
Can Nurse. 1997 Sep;93(8):37-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98009526
Paquin MJ
As drug use in Canada rises and more and more intravenous drug users become HIV positive, nursing the addicted client takes on a whole new meaning. However, nurses may not have had the opportunity, during basic training, to cover the subject of substance abuse in depth. This articl
Stark RI; Garland M; Daniel SS; Leung K; Myers MM; Tropper PJ; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia College of Physicians and; Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of intravenous of zidovudine ( AZT ) at a dose and duration of infusion comparable to that used clinically on parameters reflective of fetal well-being. METHODS: Thirteen chronically instrumented noninfected baboons we
Romani L; Puccetti P; Bistoni F; Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences,; University of Perugia, Italy. iromani@unipg.it
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that is crucially involved in a wide range of infectious diseases. In several experimental models of bacterial, parasitic, viral, and fungal infection, endogenous IL-12 is required for early control of infection and for generation and perhaps maintenance of
De Clercq E; Rega Institue for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
This article describes several approaches to a selective therapy of virus infections: (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2 -deoxyuridine (BVDU [brivudin]) for the therapy of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus infections: (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC [cidofovir]) for the therapy of v
Curfs JH; Meis JF; Hoogkamp-Korstanje JA; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Nijmegen,; The Netherlands. J.CURFS@MMB.AZN.NL
Protection against pathogens is a prerequisite for survival of most organisms. To cope with this continuous challenge, complex defense mechanisms have evolved. The construction, adaptation, and maintenance of these mechanisms are under control of an extensive network of regulatory proteins called cytokines. A great nu
Smith N; West Midlands Blood Transfusion Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham,; UK.
Approximately 70% to 80% of Rh-positive adults and children with acute or chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura or HIV-related thrombocytopenia respond to infusions of anti-D immunoglobulin. The speed of onset of response is slower than that seen with intravenous immunoglobulin. Anti-D immunoglobulin is well tolerat
Sloand EM; Groopman JE; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD; 20892-2490, USA.
Cytopenias often accompany infection with HIV. The pathophysiology responsible for the anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia in AIDS is complex and incompletely understood. Although HIV-infected patients with advanced disease were once routinely transfused for anemia accompanying zidovudine therapy, this practice
White DA; Santamauro JT; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Pulmonary infections continue to be a significant problem in patients immunosuppressed by cancer or by drugs given for malignancy, or rheumatologic or dermatologic problems. For the neutropenic patient, single-drug rather than combination antibiotic therapy is being increasingly used. The role of growth factors is als
Rosen MJ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beth Israel; Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has long been considered the predominant pulmonary disease in patients with HIV, but several factors are changing this perception. The population infected with HIV is increasingly composed of injection drug users, and racial and ethnic minorities, which represent groups that have a high
de Leon FC; Britt EJ; University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, USA.
Infection with HIV was first recognized through a clustering of unusual respiratory infections. The lung has been a major target manifesting many of the infectious complications of the immunodeficiency. Noninfectious pulmonary complications in HIV-infected individuals are also common and have been recognized since the
Hyman CL; Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
Despite being a treatable and preventable disease, tuberculosis will kill an estimated 30 million people during the current decade. Tuberculosis is a global problem, and increases in case rates are occurring not only in the developing countries of the world but also in several industrialized nations, such as the
Sassoon CS; Pulmonary and Critical Care Section (111P), Department of; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
In the past year, studies on spontaneous pneumothorax have focused on etiology and treatment. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains the most common cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. However, Pneumocystis carinii infections in patients who have AIDS have become the leading cause of spontaneous pneumo
The management of respiratory infections is a complex and dynamic process, with many areas of controversy and numerous unresolved questions. In an apparent effort to deal with these issues, guidelines for care are being developed for a variety of infections including bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-
Schneider RF; Rosen MJ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beth Israel; Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Changes in epidemiology have influenced the spectrum of pulmonary diseases in HIV-infected populations. The increasing proportion of patients with AIDS who are intravenous drug users and members of racial or ethnic minorities correlate with increasing cases of bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis. Both of these infect
Santamauro JT; White DA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
The number of immunosuppressed patients is increasing, with many being managed by community physicians. Encouraging success in vaccinating some patients with Hodgkin s disease against encapsulated organisms has been reported. The significance of and management of tuberculosis in solid organ transplants is being define
Recent studies in populations with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and HIV infection report that tuberculous pleurisy occurs in approximately 30% of patients with tuberculosis. However, the fraction of patients with tuberculosis who have tuberculous pleurisy is comparable in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals
Fishback N; Koss M; Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the; Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) involves a clinicopathologic pattern of pulmonary disease characterized by diffuse interstitial reactive lymphoid infiltrates. In adults, it occurs most commonly in autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren s syndrome (0.9% of these patients) and primary biliary cirrhosis, whereas in
Racadot E; Audhuy B; Duvernoy H; Thyss A; Lang JM; Wijdenes J; Herve P; Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Besancon, France.
Ten AIDS patients with Kaposi s sarcoma (four in stage II A, four in stage III A, one in stage III B and one in stage IV of the disease) were treated for 14 days with B-E8, an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody (IgG1), at a daily dose of 10 mg. No side-effects were observed, but no patients experienced a complete or partia
Guckel B; Lindauer M; Rudy W; Habicht A; Siebels M; Kaul S; Bastert G; Meuer SC; Moebius U; Klinikum der Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat, Frauenklinik,; Heidelberg, Germany.
Human tumor cell lines derived from breast and ovarian carcinomas have been found to be ineffective in stimulating the induction phase of an immune response such as T cell proliferation in allogeneic mixed tumor cell lymphocyte cultures. Since representative tumor cell lines are effectively lysed by activated T lympho
Karawajew L; Veselkov AN; Herrmann F; Department of Medical Oncology and Applied Molecular Biology,; Universitatsklinikum Rudolf Virchow der Freien Universitat; Berlin, Germany.
Immunological memory has been ascribed to the presence of long-lived memory cells. The mechanisms underlying their generation are not completely understood, but dependence on antigen persistence has been discussed in this regard. However, in spite of in vivo evidence favoring this model, studies on TCR/CD3 stimulation
Khar A; Kausalya S; Kamal MA; Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.; khar@ccmb.uunet.in
AK-5, a rat histiocytoma, grows as ascites and undergoes spontaneous regression upon subcutaneous transplantation. Earlier studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that immunogenic rejection of AK-5 tumor is mediated through ADCC involving CD8+ NK cells and anti-AK-5 antibody. Upon subcutaneous transplantation,
Agrewala JN; Owais M; Gupta CM; Mishra GC; Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
Liposomes have been used to modify the immunological behaviour of a number of antigens. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of liposomization of ovalbumin on the induction of Th-1 and Th-2-cell response by monitoring the secretion of lymphokines and IgG Isotypes. Liposomes having varied physicochemic
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a single-stranded DNA dependovirus of the family of Parvoviridae that has promising features as a vector for somatic gene therapy. Different recombinant (r) AAV vectors have been generated that seem to have some advantages compared with other vector systems, such as the transduction of
Schweighoffer T; Berger M; Buschle M; Schmidt W; Birnstiel ML; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Wien, Austria.; tamas@aimp.una.ac.at
Cancer vaccines are genetically modified tumor cells that, by cytokine secretion or by expression of costimulatory molecules, are capable of mobilizing the host s immune system to destroy tumor cells. We have used adenovirus-enhanced transferrinfection (AVET) for the generation of cancer vaccines. This is a highly eff
To investigate the interaction of fluconazole and zidovudine in HIV-positive non-smoking male patients with AIDS categorized as CDC group IV we studied two groups, each consisting of 10 male, non-smoking, HIV-positive patients with CDC group IV disease, with the patients in the first group additionally suffering from
Beckett A; Shenson D; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02214,; USA.
To describe the current understanding of suicide risk among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we reviewed published reports on suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and suicide in the HIV/AIDS population. We also drew on our own clinical experience
Mello NK; Mendelson JH; Lukas SE; Gastfriend DR; Teoh SK; Holman BL; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital-Harvard; Medical School, Belmont, MA 02178, USA.
Buprenorphine, an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist, is a potent analgesic that appears to be effective for the treatment of opiate abuse. Recent preclinical studies have shown that buprenorphine also significantly reduces cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys for periods up to 120 days. This unexpected finding
Stein MD; Hanna L; Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine,; Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
In this study, the first to examine the use of mental health services among a large cohort of HIV-positive women, our objective was to quantify the use of such services by infected women enrolled at one site of the HIV Epidemiology Research Study and to describe the factors associated with such use. One hundred sixty-
Becker JT; Sanchez J; Dew MA; Lopez OL; Dorst SK; Banks G; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical; Center, Pennsylvania, USA.
The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and extent of neuropsychological abnormalities among HIV-infected individuals and to examine the interrelationships between measures of cognitive functions and the factors that predict neuropsychological abnormalities. The study focused on cross-sectional data gath
Li DQ; Zheng XW; Zhang GY; Center for AIDS Surveillance, Chinese Academy of Preventive; Medicine, Beijing.
Cooperating with CDC, USA, the Center for AIDS Surveillance, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, first identified the epidemic of HIV-1 C subtype virus in China in 1994. As part of the Eighth-Five National Scientific Program and to get information about the geographical distribu
Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp. 1997;:379-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98020523
Kulik JF; de la Tribonniere X; Bricon-Souf N; Beuscart RJ; Mouton Y; CERIM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille 2, France.
People suffering from AIDS are subject to frequent hospitalisations. In some cases, they cannot go back home after hospitalisations, due to severe illness, family or sociologic problems. This is the reason why some therapeutic flats are at their disposal to make easier their medical follow-up after the hospital s disc
Varley AW; Geiszler SM; Gaynor RB; Munford RS; Molecular Host Defense Laboratory, UT Southwestern Medical; Center, Dallas 75235-9113, USA.
A therapeutic dilemma often complicates the management of inflammatory diseases; the benefits gained from reducing inflammation must be balanced against the potentially harmful consequences of chronic immunosuppression. Gene therapy might address this dilemma by producing anti-inflammatory proteins in response to a pa
Cell. 1997 Nov 14;91(4):521-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98050927
Imai T; Hieshima K; Haskell C; Baba M; Nagira M; Nishimura M; Kakizaki M; Takagi S; Nomiyama H; Schall TJ; Yoshie O; Shionogi Institute for Medical Science, Settsu, Japan.
Leukocyte trafficking at the endothelium requires both cellular adhesion molecules and chemotactic factors. Fractalkine, a novel transmembrane molecule with a CX3C-motif chemokine domain atop a mucin stalk, induces both adhesion and migration of leukocytes. Here we identify a seven-transmembrane high-affinity receptor
Cell Immunol. 1997 Oct 10;181(1):23-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98008161
Lafont V; Hivroz C; Carayon P; Dornand J; Favero J; Microbiologie et Pathologie Cellulaire Infectieuse, Universite; de Montpellier II, Place Eugene Bataillon, cc 100, Montpellier; cedex 05, 34095, France.
The lectin jacalin was shown to specifically stimulate CD4(+) lymphocytes. This lectin, which presents a peptide highly similar to a sequence of the HIV external glycoprotein, interacts with CD4 and is able to inhibit in vitro HIV infection. Since jacalin binds also CD8, its mitogenic specificity cannot exclusively be
Cell Immunol. 1997 Oct 10;181(1):76-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98008168
Peng X; Kasran A; Bullens D; Ceuppens JL; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Catholic University of; Leuven, Belgium.
In this study, we investigated the efficiency of costimulatory signaling provided by anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the production of type 1 ( IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and type 2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) cytokines by human T cells. We cultured purified human T cell
Cell Immunol. 1997 Oct 10;181(1):86-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98008169
Abe N; Katamura K; Shintaku N; Fukui T; Kiyomasu T; Iio J; Ueno H; Tai G; Mayumi M; Furusho K; Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606, Japan.
We investigated the effects of prostaglandin E2 and IL-4 on the acquisition of cytokine-producing ability by naive CD4(+) T cells in human umbilical cord blood. The presence of PGE2 or IL-4 at primary stimulation inhibited the production of IFN-gamma at secondary stimulation, and the combination of these stimuli resul
Mult Scler. 1996 Sep;2(2):88-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98005246
Leon-S FE; Arimura K; Osame M; Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University; School of Medicine, Japan.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) can overlap in their clinical features and thereby cause difficulties for clinicians in relation to diagnosis and therapy. However, epidemiological biochemical, immunological, virological and radiological studies point to a
Mult Scler. 1996 Oct;2(3):133-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98005237
Rasmussen HB; Heltberg A; Christensen K; Clausen J; Institute of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University,; Denmark.
In the present study we searched for an association between the human endogenous retroviral element HRES-1 and multiple sclerosis (MS). Fragments of this endogenous retrovirus were amplified for subsequent examination by single strand conformational analysis. We did not find HRES-1 markers exclusively linked with MS a
Lifetime Data Anal. 1996;2(1):15-29. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98006547
Jewell NP; Kalbfleisch JD; Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley; 94720, USA.
In the development of many diseases there are often associated variables which continuously measure the progress of an individual towards the final expression of the disease (failure). Such variables are stochastic processes, here called marker processes, and, at a given point in time, they may provide information abo
Lifetime Data Anal. 1996;2(1):31-49. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98006548
Shi M; Taylor JM; Munoz A; Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health 90095,; USA. mshi@sunlab.ph.ucla.edu
The distributions of the time from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection to the onset of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and of the residual time to AIDS diagnosis are important for modeling the growth of the AIDS epidemic and for predicting onset of the disease in an individual. Markers such as CD4
Lifetime Data Anal. 1996;2(2):145-57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98006542
Rossini AJ; Wei LJ; Ying Z; Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia; 29208, USA. rossini@stat.sc.edu
The location shift model is commonly used to quantify the difference between groups in a two-arm study. Nonparametric inference procedures for the location shift parameter with censored observations have recently been extensively studied. However, the validity of these procedures depends heavily on the model assumptio
Lifetime Data Anal. 1996;2(2):175-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98006544
Leung KM; Elashoff RM; Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health 90024,; USA. moon@ucla.edu
In presence of interval-censored data, we propose a general three-state disease model with covariates. Such data can arise, for example, in epidemiologic studies of infectious disease where both the times of infection and disease onset are not directly observed, or in cancer studies where the time of disease metastasi
Lifetime Data Anal. 1997;3(2):157-77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98006521
Loughin TM; Koehler KJ; Statistical Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506,; USA.
Bootstrap methods are proposed for estimating sampling distributions and associated statistics for regression parameters in multivariate survival data. We use an Independence Working Model (IWM) approach, fitting margins independently, to obtain consistent estimates of the parameters in the marginal models. Resampling
Duarte CA; Perez L; Vazquez J; Duenas M; Vilarrubia OL; Navea L; Valdes R; Reyes O; Montero M; Ayala M; Gavilondo J; Vaccine Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and; Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba. inmdiag@ingen.cigb.edu.cu
BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence suggests that neutralizing antibodies could constitute an important factor in the control of AIDS progression and that the V3 loop of gp120 constitutes the main target for such purposes. We have previously developed two neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against the V3 r
Jahn-Schmid B; Graninger M; Glozik M; Kupcu S; Ebner C; Unger FM; Sleytr UB; Messner P; Zentrum fur Ultrastrukturforschung, Universitat fur; Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria.
BACKGROUND: Crystalline cell surface layers (S-layers) from Gram-positive eubacteria had been demonstrated as carrier/adjuvants for chemically synthesized tumor-associated oligosaccharide haptens and capsular polysaccharide antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. OBJECTIVES: The applicability of S-layers as vacc
Legname G; Fossati G; Monzini N; Gromo G; Marcucci F; Mascagni P; Modena D; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Centro Ricerche Italfarmaco; S.p.A., Milano, Italy.
Dianthin 30, a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) from Dianthus caryophyllus, has been expressed in Escherichia coli. Heterologous expression of a deletion mutant dianthin 30 delta 255-270 resulted in the production of a protein identical to carnation mature dianthin 30, including the absence at the carboxy-terminal
Conrad SF; Byeon IJ; DiGeorge AM; Lairmore MD; Tsai MD; Kaumaya PT; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus; 43210, USA.
The identification and characterization of epitopes of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I), which elicit an effective humoral or cell-mediated immune response, remains a central obstacle to the development of a peptide-based vaccine against the virus infection. The objective of the studies presented here was to
The anti-HIV drug 4 -azidothymidine (ADRT) has been incorporated into DNA by the phosphoramidite method. The presence of the modified nucleotide was shown to have a minimal effect on duplex conformation and stability by CD spectroscopy and UV melting.
Dong CZ; De Rocquigny H; Remy E; Mellac S; Fournie-Zaluski MC; Roques BP; Departement de Pharmacochimie Moleculaire et Structurale,; INSERM U266-CNRS URA D 1500, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et; Biologiques, Paris, France.
Specific interactions between the 72-amino acid nucleocapsid protein NCp7 of the human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 and the genomic RNA are essential for virus replication. Studies on the mechanism of action of NCp7 require a direct visualization of its complexes with nucleic acids and the determination of binding a
Fox HS; Gold LH; Henriksen SJ; Bloom FE; Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La; Jolla, California 92037, USA.
In addition to its profound effects on the immune system, HIV also infects the CNS and can cause abnormalities in infected individuals ranging from mild cognitive and motor disorders to frank dementia . We have been actively investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underl
Belichenko PV; Miklossy J; Celio MR; Institute of Histology and General Embryology, University of; Fribourg, Switzerland.
Neurological dysfunction is not uncommon in patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and, when manifested, intimates involvement of the central nervous system. Here, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects preferentially microglial cells, which thereby release substances known to interf
Nurs Health Care Perspect. 1997 Sep-Oct;18(5):232-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98036437
Highsmith C; Isaac Coggs Health Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
To explore grief and loss in nursing care, it is not enough to touch upon it as an occupational hazard to be dealt with. It is also necessary to touch upon our feelings. Internal emotions motivate our external reactions and motivations. They also teach us and guide us. Our reactions, both short-term and long-term, may
Ball HL; Chan AW; Gibbons WA; Coates AR; Mascagni P; Italfarmaco Research Centre, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.
The aggregation and structural properties of the synthetic C-terminal half [Ala330, Ala350(270-373; 104-mer)] polypeptide from HIV-1 p24gag were studied. In concentrated solutions the synthetic polypeptide aggregated to tetramers which, upon dilution, gave a mixture of monomeric and dimeric and dimeric species. These
Kolesar JM; Allen PG; Doran CM; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706-1515,; USA.
HIV-1 RNA was quantitated directly by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). CE-LIF was used to analyze cellular RNA and various nucleotide complexes. A fluorescently labeled DNA probe (DNA/RNA complex) in conjunction with thiazole orange intercalator was determined to have optimal stabili
Hoetelmans RM; van Essenberg M; Meenhorst PL; Mulder JW; Beijnen JH; Department of Pharmacy, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir in human plasma, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid is described. Saquinavir was extracted from samples using C2 extraction columns prior to ion-pair, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with
Kemper RR; Menitove JE; Hanto DW; Hoxworth Blood Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Approximately 6,000 to 7,000 orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) procedures are performed annually, which require the administration of large volumes of blood products. Thus liver transplantation can significantly strain local and regional blood resources at a time when transfusion practices are changing dramatical
Yokois NU; Perlman EJ; Colombani P; Wise B; Schwarz KB; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins; University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is a common malignancy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), classically appearing as red to purple plaques containing small papules and nodules. We report our experience with an adolescent orthotopic liver transplant recipient who presented with an unusual presentation of K
HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD) includes lymphoepithelial lesions and cysts involving the salivary gland tissue and/or intraglandular lymph nodes, and Sjogren-like conditions. Three cases of salivary gland disease occurring in HIV-infected patients are reported. Histopathological examination showed squ
Wakabayashi A; Eishi Y; Nakamura K; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and; Dental University, Japan. a.wakabayashi.pth1@med.tmd.ac.jp
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were immunologically reconstituted by the transfer of fetal liver cells (FLC) from BALB/c (SCID-isoFLC mice) or C57BL/6 mice (SCID-alloFLC mice). The developmental process of the immune system in the peripheral blood (PB) was almost comparable between SCID-isoFLC and SCID-i
Thon V; Wolf HM; Sasgary M; Litzman J; Samstag A; Hauber I; Lokaj J; Eibl MM; Institute of Immunology, University of Vienna, Austria.
CVID is characterized by hypogammaglobulinaemia and impaired antibody production. Previous studies demonstrated defects at the T cell level. In the present study the response of purified CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes to stimulation with anti-TCR monoclonal antibody (the first signal) in combination with anti-CD4 or anti
Galdiero F; Galdiero M; Nuzzo I; Vitiello M; Bentivoglio C; Romano-Carratelli C; Instituto di Microbiologia, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia,; Seconda Universita degli Studi di Napoli, Italy.
An experimental model of immunological deficiency obtained by treating mice for 6 months with serum of human blood drawn from different healthy individuals has been studied. The results show that an alteration of a circulating lymphocyte population with alterations of the ratio CD4+/CD8+ appeared in mice stimulated fo
Sales ME; Sterin-Borda L; de Bracco MM; Rodriguez M; Narbaitz M; Borda E; CEFYBO-CONICET and School of Dentistry, University of Buenos; Aires, Argentina.
IgA was obtained from HIV-infected haemophilic patients and the intracellular signals triggered by its reaction with isolated rat intestinal strips were studied. HIV+ IgA stained intestinal microvilli with a granular immunofluorescence pattern and bound to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), displacing the
Lacroix C; Chau F; Carbon C; Sinet M; Derouin F; INSERM Unite 13, Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
We studied susceptibility to experimental systemic cryptococcosis in mice previously infected with the retroviral complex LP-BM5 (responsible for murine AIDS). LP-BM5 was inoculated to C57B1/6 mice by intravenous (i.v.) injection 8 weeks before an i.v. challenge with 4 x 10(3) CFU of Cryptococcus neoformans. Uninfecte
Wassenaar A; Snijders A; Abraham-Inpijn L; Kapsenberg ML; Kievits F; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical; Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Chronic periodontitis is characterized by dense infiltrations of T lymphocytes in the connective tissue, which consists mainly of gingival fibroblasts. It is becoming increasingly clear that T lymphocytes and gingival fibroblasts are capable of influencing each other. For example, the T cell cytokine interferon-gamma
The aim of this study was to investigate a potential expansion of gammadelta T cells in AIDS patients in response to disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex. Liver-derived lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 5 AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infec
Tamma SM; Chirmule N; McCloskey TW; Oyaizu N; Kalyanaraman VS; Pahwa S; Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital-New; York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York 11030,; USA.
It has been previously demonstrated that the occupancy of CD4 molecules by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 results in marked inhibition of T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR/CD3) activation-induced IL-2 secretion. To elucidate the mechanism of inhibitory effects of
Peters VB; Bottone EJ; Barzilai A; Hyatt AC; Blank S; Hodes DS; Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New; York, New York 10029, USA.
Davis JK; Shah K; New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA.
The care of HIV-infected children is fraught with many bioethical conflicts and dilemmas that require careful attention if care is to be provided appropriately. Understanding of the interplay of such general principles as autonomy, nonmaleficence, confidentiality, and veracity helps to clarify the nature of specific c
Bale JF Jr; Murph JR; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine,; Iowa City, USA.
Safe, effective vaccines and potent antimicrobial agents have diminished substantially the morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal infections of the central nervous system (CNS), and new molecular methods, such as the polymerase chain reaction, enable clinicians to detect micro-organisms rapidly. Despite thes
Tshibwabwa-Tumba E; Mwinga A; Pobee JO; Zumla A; University of Lubumbashi, Zaire.
Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious complications in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. In this radiological study, we detail the chest radiographic findings of Zairean and Zambian adults with a diagnosis of AIDS and tuberculosis as seen at three Central Afr
Fiorin F; Cozzi MR; Pradella P; Steffan A; Potenza R; De Angelis V; Servizio Immunotrasfusionale, Ospedale Civile, San Dona di; Piave, Italy.
When studying autoantibody specificity by the indirect antiglobulin test with column agglutination techniques ether and xylene elution techniques result in haemoglobin stained eluates which give a red colouration to the gel or glass beads and do not allow the identification of positive reactions. Xylene eluates were i
Ghiasi H; Cai S; Nesburn AB; Wechsler SL; Ophthalmology Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Research; Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. ghiasi@csmc.edu
PURPOSE: To determine the importance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I versus MHC class-II immune responses in protecting naive versus vaccinated mice against an ocular HSV-1 challenge. METHODS: Class-II deficient A beta o/o (CD4-CD8+ T cells) knockout mice, which are effectively CD4+ T cells-negative,
Chest. 1997 Nov 5;112(5):1197-201. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98033280
Casado JL; Navas E; Frutos B; Moreno A; Martin P; Hermida JM; Guerrero A; Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.; jose.casado@hrc.es
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, clinical features, and outcome of lung involvement in HIV-infected patients having nontyphoid strains of Salmonella bacteremia. DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study. PATIENTS AND SETTING: We studied the records of all HIV-infected patients with Salmonella bacteremia diagn
Chest. 1997 Nov 5;112(5):1202-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98033281
Sheikh S; Madiraju K; Steiner P; Rao M; Children's Medical Center, Health Science Center, State; University of New York at Brooklyn, USA.
OBJECTIVES: There are several reports of the pulmonary findings in children with HIV disease; however, the occurrence of bronchiectasis rarely has been noted. We evaluated occurrence of bronchiectasis in a large group of children referred to us with AIDS pneumopathy. METHODS: From January 1984 to April 1996, 203 child
Jablonowski H; Fatkenheuer G; Youle M; Newell T; Lines S; Craft JC; Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases,; Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with opportunistic infections, prophylaxis has become routine practice in the management of immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Clarithromycin, an antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity against most common respiratory pathogen
Grosset J; Ji B; Faculte de Medecine Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.
The prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant mutants in untreated bacterial populations of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) has been demonstrated to be between 10(-7) and 10(-8) colony-forming units (CFUs) in the beige mouse model. Selection of these mutants occurred during clarithromycin monotherapy if
Cohn DL; Disease Control Service, Denver Public Health, Colorado, USA.
In patients with AIDS, disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection is a common bacterial infection and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. In placebo-controlled studies, rifabutin, clarithromycin and azithromycin (administered as single agents) have been shown to preven
Early Hum Dev. 1997 Oct 29;49 Suppl:S29-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98029843
Golding J; Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, University of; Bristol, UK.
It is well recognised that although nutritionally breast milk is the optimal food for babies, there are a number of caveats to this, based on the consequences of the modern lifestyle. Here we have considered ways in which the young breast fed child may be exposed to various environmental and medical contaminants which
The HIV-1 trans-activator protein, Tat, is a potent activator of transcriptional elongation. Tat is recruited to the elongating RNA polymerase during its transit through the trans-activation response region (TAR) because of its ability to bind directly to TAR RNA expressed on the nascent RNA chain. We have shown that
EMBO J. 1997 Oct 1;16(19):5819-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97459967
Conte MR; Klikova M; Hunter E; Ruml T; Matthews S; Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science,; Technology and Medicine, University of London, London SW7 2AY,; UK.
The Mason- Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) is the prototype of the type D retroviruses. In type B and D retroviruses, the Gag protein pre-assembles before association with the membrane, whereas in type C retroviruses (lentiviruses, BLV/HTLV group) Gag is targeted efficiently to
Weber IT; Wu J; Adomat J; Harrison RW; Kimmel AR; Wondrak EM; Louis JM; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center,; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.; weber@asterix.jci.tju.edu
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease hydrolysis of the Gag CA-p2 cleavage site is crucial for virion maturation and is optimal at acidic pH. To understand the processing of the CA-p2 site, we have determined the structure of HIV-1 protease complexed with an analog of the CA-p2 site, the reduced peptide
The Gag polyprotein of retroviruses is sufficient for assembly and budding of virus-like particles from the host cell. In the case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Gag contains the domains matrix, capsid (CA), nucleocapsid (NC) and p6 which are separated by the viral proteinase inside the nascent virion, leading
Leriche-Guerin K; Trabaud MA; Cotte L; Bissuel F; Deruelle E; Rougier P; Trepo C; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; (INSERM), Unit 271, Lyon, France.
To evaluate the correlation between zidovudine (ZDV) resistance mutations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), biological parameters, and clinical evolution, 111 HIV-1-infected patients treated with ZDV were studied. Specific mutations at codons 70, 215, and 41 in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase coding regi
Tietz A; Sponagel L; Erb P; Bucher H; Battegay M; Zimmerli W; Medical Outpatient Clinic, University Hospitals Basel,; Switzerland.
The prevalence and significance of peripheral blood eosinophilia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated. Fifteen of 119 consecutive patients had absolute eosinophil counts of > 450/mm3. During a mean follow-up period of 419 days eosinophilia could be identified as secondary to
Richter D; Hampl W; Pohlandt F; University of Ulm, Department of Paediatrics, Germany.
A 4-month-old boy with prenatally diagnosed Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome became ill with a severe cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection, the outcome of which was fatal. The parents had isolated the infant from other children and adhere
Tzavara V; Vlachoyiannopoulos PG; Kordossis T; Galaris D; Travlou A; Dafni U; Moutsopoulos HM; Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National; University of Athens, Greece.
Increased levels of soluble forms of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin have been found in the sera of HIV-infected patients and have been associated with disease progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this phenomenon reflects activation o
Aukrust P; Berge RK; Muller F; Ueland PM; Svardal AM; Froland SS; Medical Department A, University of Oslo, National Hospital,; Norway.
Based on previous studies from our group, we hypothesized that enhanced oxidative stress in association with a persistent immune activation may be important in both the immunopathogenesis and certain clinical manifestations in a subgroup of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). To explore this hypothes
Faulkner H; Humphreys N; Renauld JC; Van Snick J; Grencis R; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, GB.
Murine studies have demonstrated that, as with other nematodes, infection with the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis is associated with a pronounced intestinal mastocytosis, eosinophilia and an elevation in serum levels of total IgE. Both interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 are clearly important in the generation of Ig
McRae BL; Picker LJ; van Seventer GA; Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences,; University of Chicago, IL 60637-1463, USA.
Type I interferons (IFN) are important regulators of both innate and acquired immunity. We have used an in vitro system of human CD4+ T cell differentiation to determine how IFN-beta influences development of T helper (Th) subsets and homing receptor expression. IFN-beta promoted differentiation of CD4+ T cells that p
Holmes BJ; MacAry PA; Noble A; Kemeny DM; Department of Immunology, King's College School of Medicine and; Dentistry, London, GB.
There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that CD8+ T cells play an important part in regulating the IgE response to non-replicating antigens. In this study we have systematically investigated their role in the regulation of IgE and of CD4+ T cell responses to ovalbumin (OVA) by CD8+ T cell depletion in vivo.
Coutton C; Chermann JC; INSERM U322, Unit of Retroviruses and Associated Diseases,; Marseille, France.
Soluble(s) factor(s) produced by HIV-infected cells have been implicated in bone marrow dysfunction observed in AIDS patients. We have shown previously that infected macrophage but not CBMC-derived conditioned medium inhibited the differentiation of purified CD34+ cells, suggesting that accessory cells play a crucial
FEBS Lett. 1997 Sep 29;415(2):227-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98010484
Kawamura M; Shimano R; Inubushi R; Amano K; Ogasawara T; Akari H; Adachi A; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, The University of; Tokushima, Japan.
A mutant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which is deficient for Gag precursor cleavage and noninfectious, was characterized with respect to its defective step in the viral replication phase. Upon transfection, the mutant produced a normal level of progeny virions as monitored by electron microscopy and
FEBS Lett. 1997 Sep 29;415(2):231-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98010485
Furuta RA; Shimano R; Ogasawara T; Inubushi R; Amano K; Akari H; Hatanaka M; Kawamura M; Adachi A; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
In-frame mutations were introduced into various portions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag gene, and potentials of the mutants to suppress the replication of wild-type HIV-1 were monitored. In contrast to results obtained with matrix and nucleocapsid mutants, almost all capsid mutants blocked HIV-
Poljak M; Zener N; Seme K; Kristancic L; Slovenian AIDS Reference Center, Institute of Microbiology and; Immunology, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, Slovenia.; poljak@ibmi.mf.uni-lj.si
Enzyme immunoassays are most widely used screening tests for antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Nevertheless, the need of simpler, noninstrumented tests is evident in many parts of the world, where laboratory facilities and trained personnel are limited, and HIV incidence is high. A recently developed
The combination of abnormally low plasma cystine and glutamine levels, low natural killer (NK) cell activity, skeletal muscle wasting or muscle fatigue, and increased rates of urea production defines a complex of abnormalities that is tentatively called low CG syndrome. These symptoms are found in patients with HIV
Genes Dev. 1997 Nov 1;11(21):2845-56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98019165
Saavedra CA; Hammell CM; Heath CV; Cole CN; Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover,; New Hampshire 03755, USA.
We reported previously that heat or ethanol shock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to nuclear retention of most poly(A)+ RNA but heat shock mRNAs (encoding Hsp70 proteins Ssa1p and Ssa4p) are efficiently exported in a process that is independent of the small GTPase Ran/Gsp1p, which is essential for most nucleocytopla
Genes Dev. 1997 Nov 1;11(21):2857-68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98019166
Stutz F; Kantor J; Zhang D; McCarthy T; Neville M; Rosbash M; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology,; Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254, USA.
The FG-repeat domain of the yeast Rip1 protein (Rip1p) was identified initially as a possible target for the nuclear export signal (NES) of the HIV-1 Rev protein in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Rip1p is inessential, associated with nuclear pore complexes, and structurally related to the FG-nucleoporin family of pore prot
Woolery WA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine,; Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA.
The decrease in immune status that accompanies normal aging leaves individuals age 50 and older increasingly susceptible to the two main modes of HIV infection: sexual activity and blood transfusions. Although therapy for older HIV patients is essentially the same as for younger patients, knowledge of appropriate drug
Mohamed A el S; al Karawi MA; Mesa GA; Department of Gastroenterology, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh,; Saudi Arabia.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and histological significance of dual infection with Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis B virus. METHODOLOGY: The clinical presentation and histologic findings of 20 patients with HCV and HBV were reviewed and compared to 33 patients with only HCV, as
Lima M; Teixeira M dos A; Dos Santos AH; Queiros ML; Justica B; St. Antonio's Hospital, Porto, Portugal.
The bcl-2 oncogene has been involved in the genesis of various B-cell neoplasms by means of encoding for p26, an apoptosis suppressor oncoprotein. The expression of p26 in lymphoproliferative disorders of large granular lymphocytes (LDLGL), a group of diseases whose mechanism leading to lymphocyte expansion is not yet
Nash G; Irvine R; Kerschmann RL; Herndier B; Department of Pathology, Baystate Medical Center/Tufts University; School of Medicine, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
Pulmonary aspergillosis has recently been described as an emerging infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but the pathological changes have not been well documented. In this autopsy study, 17 cases of AIDS-related pulmonary aspergillosis were identified from the files of two institution
van den Hoek A; Municipal Health Service, Department of Public Health and; Environment, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: To review the relation between drug use, sexual risk behaviour, and STDs including HIV in two marginalised populations--drug users and street youth. METHODS: A review of recent medical and behavioural literature focusing on illustrative examples from industrialised countries. FINDINGS: Injecting and other i
Teare JP; Daly CA; Rodgers C; Padley SP; Coker RJ; Main J; Harris JR; Scullion D; Bray GP; Summerfield JA; Department of Gastroenterology, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington,; London.
OBJECTIVES: Biliary tract abnormalities are well recognised in AIDS, most frequently related to opportunistic infection with Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium, and cytomegalovirus . We noted a high frequency of pancreatic abnormalities associated with biliary tract disease. To define
Sherr L; Barnes J; Elford J; Olaitan A; Miller R; Johnson M; Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, RFHSM,; London.
OBJECTIVE: To examine ethnic, relationship, health, and mental health factors for a cohort of women with HIV infection attending an inner London clinic. DESIGN AND METHODS: Structured schedules were utilised to analyse ethnic group, family, and reproduction issues, mental and physical health for 100 women drawn consec
Worm AM; Lauritzen E; Jensen IP; Jensen JS; Christiansen CB; Department of Dermato-Venerology, Bispebjerg Hospital,; Copenhagen, Denmark.
OBJECTIVES: To screen for certain STD markers in a group of male clients of female sex workers. METHOD: Condoms with seminal fluid were collected at 10 massage parlours in Copenhagen. The seminal fluid samples were examined for HIV antibodies, markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma
Lasheeb AS; King J; Ball JK; Curran R; Barratt CL; Afnan M; Pillay D; Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of; Birmingham.
We have undertaken an analysis of semen from HIV infected men with regard to sperm counts and motility, non-spermatozoal cells, and viral nucleic acid. Regression analysis showed that sperm concentration and motility were positively associated with blood CD4 cell count. By contrast, non-spermatozoal cell concentration
Sher T; Ehrlich Y; Rottem S; Department of Membrane and Ultrastructure Research, Hebrew; University- Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
We have previously demonstrated that the AIDS-associated Mycoplasma fermentans as well as Mycoplasma capricolum membranes activated bone marrow macrophages to secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and induce blast transformation of splenic lymphocytes. Herein, we show that the membrane component of Mycoplasm
Toda S; Ishii N; Okada E; Kusakabe KI; Arai H; Hamajima K; Gorai I; Nishioka K; Okuda K; Department of Bacteriology, Yokohama City University School of; Medicine, Japan.
The adjuvant effect of mannan-coated liposomes on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) DNA vaccine and the mechanism of this enhancement were studied. Coating of cationic liposomes with mannan significantly enhanced the ability of this vaccine to induce an HIV-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) respon
Yang H; Parkhouse RM; Immunology Division, BBSRC Institute for Animal Health,; Pirbright, Surrey, UK.
The swine is a useful model for immunobiological studies as it has a highly heterogeneous lymphocyte pool, containing several subsets not easily accessible in humans and rodents. In particular, the CD8-positive (CD8+) cells contain a variety of lymphocyte subsets, such as alpha beta-T cells, gamma delta-T cells, CD4 C
Kjerrulf M; Grdic D; Ekman L; Schon K; Vajdy M; Lycke NY; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Goteborg, Sweden.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor knock-out (IFN-gamma R -/-) mice were used to analyse the role of IFN-gamma in mucosal immune responses following oral immunization. We found that the IFN-gamma R -/- mice demonstrated 50% reduced spot-forming cell (SFC) responses in the gut lamina propria and spleen after oral im
Ohta Y; Yamane M; Sohda T; Makino H; Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory I, Takeda Chemical Industries,; Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
We have shown that TAK-603, a new anti-rheumatic drug, is more effective in animal models in which cellular immunity plays a central role. Here, we studied the effect of the drug on Th1 cytokines, which are dominantly produced in this type of immune reaction, in an in vitro system and an in vivo model. We established
Di Renzo M; Rubegni P; De Aloe G; Paulesu L; Pasqui AL; Andreassi L; Auteri A; Fimiani M; Department of Immunology, University of Siena, Italy.
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) has been shown to be a potent activator of peripheral blood macrophages because it causes a marked release of macrophage-dependent proinflammatory cytokines, and it is therefore currently considered to be a safe and non-toxic immunomodulatory treatment. On this basis we studied t
Hoffman SL; Doolan DL; Sedegah M; Wang R; Scheller LF; Kumar A; Weiss WR; Le TP; Klinman DM; Hobart P; Norman JA; Hedstrom RC; Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda,; Maryland 20852, USA. hoffmans@nmripo.nmri.nnmc.navy.mil
In mid 1997 the first malaria DNA vaccine will enter clinical trials. This single gene DNA vaccine encoding the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) will be studied for safety and immunogenicity. If these criteria are met, a multi-gene DNA vaccine designed to induce protective CD8+ T cell responses a
Ramsay AJ; Leong KH; Ramshaw IA; Division of Immunology and Cell Biology, John Curtin School of; Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra,; Australia. Alistair.Ramsay@anu.edu.au
Recent demonstrations of the immunogenicity of antigens encoded in DNA plasmids following delivery by various routes have heralded a new era in vaccine development. In this article, we review progress in DNA-based antiviral immunoprophylaxis. Preclinical studies have already established the immunogenicity of DNA plasm
Fuller DH; Simpson L; Cole KS; Clements JE; Panicali DL; Montelaro RC; Murphey-Corb M; Haynes JR; Geniva, Middleton, Wisconsin, USA.
Gene gun-based DNA immunization alone or in combination with recombinant vaccinia vectors was evaluated for the ability to elicit protective immune responses in rhesus macaques challenged with a pathogenic, heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Six monkeys primed with seven consecutive doses of DNA encodin
Suhrbier A; Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, Queensland; Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.; andreasS@qimr.edu.au
The evolution of vaccine strategies has seen a move from whole organisms to recombinant proteins, and further towards the ultimate in minimalist vaccinology, the epitope. The epitope-based approach is clearly compelling as only a relatively tiny, but immunologically relevant, sequence is often capable of inducing prot
Ramshaw IA; Fordham SA; Bernard CC; Maguire D; Cowden WB; Willenborg DO; Division of Immunology and Cell Biology, John Curtin School of; Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra,; Australia. iar201@huxley.anu.edu.au
DNA vaccines represent one of the most significant developments in vaccine technology in recent years. Although, in general, studies have primarily focused on the induction of protective immune responses against infectious pathogens, the technology may prove useful for other immune-related diseases, including autoimmu
Indian J Med Sci. 1997 Apr;51(4):123-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98017333
Telles S; Naveen KV; Vivekananda Kendra Yoga Research Foundation, Banglore.
The use of yoga for rehabilitation has diverse applications. Yoga practice benefited mentally handicapped subjects by improving their mental ability, also the motor co-ordination and social skills. Physically handicapped subjects had a restoration of some degree of functional ability after practicing yoga. Visually im
Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1997 Summer;35(3):159-69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98028079
Wald ER; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
Numerous problems may be identified in the airways of patients with HIV infection. In many cases, these airway conditions represent exaggerations of infections seen in the immunocompetent host. However, in other instances, they represent manifestations of unique problems, infectious and/or neoplastic, that are a conse
Int J Cancer. 1997 Nov 14;73(4):556-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98049440
Sumimoto H; Tani K; Nakazaki Y; Tanabe T; Hibino H; Hamada H; Azuma M; Asano S; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Institute of Medical Science,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
B7-1 (CD80) co-stimulatory molecule gene-transduced Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells (LLC/B7 cells) resulted in remarkable loss of tumorigenicity in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice (87.5% rejection) compared to B7-negative, wild-type LLC (LLC/wt) cells (0% rejection). However, mice that had rejected LLC/B7 cells developed almo
Int J Cancer. 1997 Nov 14;73(4):562-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98049441
Carbone A; Cilia AM; Gloghini A; Canzonieri V; Pastore C; Todesco M; Cozzi M; Perin T; Volpe R; Pinto A; Gaidano G; Division of Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto; Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano,; Italy. acarbone@ets.it
Primary lymphomatous effusions are represented by cases of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) which grow in liquid phase in the serous body cavities in the absence of solid tumour masses. Based on morphologic, immunophenotypic, virologic and genotypic features, primary lymphomatous effus
Int J Dermatol. 1997 Oct;36(10):729-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039614
Rosatelli JB; Machado AA; Roselino AM; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo,; Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: The presence of dermatoses is very common in Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The present study was undertaken to correlate the various dermatoses with the evolutionary phases of AIDS. METHODS: We examined 223 HIV-infected patients older than 13 seen at the University of Sao Paulo, Faculty
Int J Dermatol. 1997 Oct;36(10):741-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039616
Olumide YM; Dada AJ; Sogbanmu IB; Aruna GA; Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital,; Nigeria.
BACKGROUND: Seroprevalence studies of HIV-I and HIV-II that have been reported in Nigeria were among commercial sex workers and blood donors. There are no data from STD patients and dermatologic patients. METHODS: A seroprevalence study of HIV-I, HIV-II and HTLV-I was prospectivel
Int J Dermatol. 1997 Oct;36(10):745-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039617
Smith KJ; Skelton HG; Yeager J; Tuur S; Angritt P; Wagner KF; National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
BACKGROUND: There have been scattered reports of HIV+ patients with increased reactions to light as well as anecdotal reports of HIV+ patients with increased morbidity secondary to radiation therapy. METHODS: As a part of a military study of HIV+ patients, we followed 987 patients for cutaneous disease for 4 years. Al
Int J Dermatol. 1997 Oct;36(10):779-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98039626
Smith KJ; Skelton HG; Tuur S; Yeager J; Decker C; Wagner KF; National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
BACKGROUND: There are reports of increased reactions in HIV-1+ patients to ultraviolet light sometimes in association with medication. In addition, there are also reports of increased morbidity associated with radiation therapy in HIV-1+ patients. METHODS: Three HIV-1+ patients developed cutaneous toxic reactions to r
Int Surg. 1997 Apr-Jun;82(2):190-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97472892
Koda K; Saito N; Takiguchi N; Oda K; Nunomura M; Nakajima N; First Department of Surgery, Chiba University, School of; Medicine, Japan.
The authors investigated whether host immunity contributes to the development of asynchronous distant metastases in colorectal carcinomas. The host immunity was examined 8 times, pre- and postoperatively during a one year period in 77 curatively operated cases. A prospective study was performed using obtained personal
Uno T; Chen PW; Murray TG; Podack ER; Ksander BR; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,; MA 02114, USA.
PURPOSE: The CD80 (B7.1) molecule, which is a necessary costimulatory signal for T-cell activation and proliferation, is a powerful inducer of antitumor immunity. In this study, primary human ocular melanoma cells were transfected with a novel vector (B45-Neo episomal vector) containing the complementary DNA (cDNA) fo
Hill TA; Stanford MR; Graham EM; Dumonde DC; Brown KA; Department of Immunology, United Medical and Dental Schools,; London, United Kingdom.
PURPOSE: To develop a sensitive and reproducible technique for measuring the adherence of blood lymphocytes to vessel walls exposed in sections of human retina and for examining the role of lymphocyte and vascular adhesion molecules in these events. METHODS: Cryostat sections of human retina were overlaid with blood l
Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1997 Sep-Oct;18(5):523-37. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98029014
Bunting SM; Medical College of Georgia School of Nursing, Department of; Community Nursing, Augusta 30912-4250, USA.
Women s mental health has been linked to oppression and to oppressive practices in health care. Feminist approaches to health care delivery and research have been suggested as a remedy for the subtle and overt oppression faced by women, and many nurses have used feminist principles to conduct and report their research
Davey MP; Burgoine GA; Woody CN; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR; 97207, USA.
The identification of clonal T cells at sites of inflammation is hampered by the large number of polyclonal T cells that nonspecifically accumulate. In this report, we combine the use of T cell sorting with spectratyping of the third complementarity determining region (CDR3) and direct sequence analysis to rapidly scr
Chen Y; Winchester R; Korber B; Gagliano J; Bryson Y; Hutto C; Martin N; McSherry G; Petru A; Wara D; Ammann A; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY; 10032, USA.
The influence of host immunogenetics on the outcome of vertically transmitted HIV infection in children was examined in a multicenter cross sectional study of long term survivors and rapid progressors. Sequence-based typing was performed for the DRB1, DQB1 and HLA-A loci. 36.7% of 30 children surviving more than 8 yea
Rodman TC; To SE; Sullivan JJ; Winston R; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Informatics, Rockefeller; University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Two members of a unique class of natural antibodies have been identified in all of a large cohort of sera from clinically normal humans of broad age distribution. By means of a series of 10-12 mer peptides the epitope for each of those antibodies was characterized with regard to amino acid identity and conformation. S
Craig TJ; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of; Medicine, Hershey, USA.
Fluconazole is an azole antifungal agent. Because it can be taken orally, it is preferred over amphotericin B for long-term treatment. Indications for fluconazole are increasing. Reports of hypersensitivity have been described. If adequate alternative therapy is not available, desensitization may be necessary. Desensi
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997 Dec 1;39(5):953-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98052424
Wolden SL; Tate DJ; Hunt SA; Strober S; Hoppe RT; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the short and long-term effects of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in the treatment of cardiac transplant rejection. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1986 and 1995, 48 courses of TLI were delivered to 47 cardiac transplant patients. In 37 patients, TLI was administered for intractable allograft rej
Yoshizaki H; Nakasone T; Nakasatomi T; Kusagawa S; Sato H; Nguyen TH; Mai HA; Hoang TL; Takebe Y; Honda M; First Research Group, National Institute of Infectious Diseases,; Tokyo.
A high rate of human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) infection has been documented in intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) in South Vietnam . We have investigated the molecular characteristics of the virus and have shown that one HTLV-II subtype is predominant in Ho Chi Minh Cit
Cartledge JD; Midgley J; Petrou M; Shanson D; Gazzard BG; HIV/GU Medicine Unit, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
Azole-resistant HIV-related candidosis is increasingly recognized. We evaluated two new in-vitro susceptibility tests (the NCCLS proposed MIC method and Odds assessment of relative growth in single anti-fungal concentration) as predictors of the clinical outcome of 66 HIV-positive patients with oral candidosis, of wh
Swinnen LJ; Department of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, Maywood,; Illinois, USA.
First described in organ transplant recipients in 1968, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) remains an often devastating complication of immunosuppression. Similar, if not identical, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B lymphoproliferations have since been described in congenital and other acquired im
The prototype of a safer-sex comic book was designed in response to the need for HIV intervention material targetting gay male youth in Toronto. This prototype depicted three separate stories, each based on recorded interviews, and each revolving around the negotiation of condom use between a different pair of charact
Recio JA; Aranda A; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Consejo Superior de; Investigaciones Cientificas, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid,; Spain.
The brain is an important target for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We show here that nerve growth factor (NGF), which induces neuronal differentiation and survival, causes a strong activation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat by a Ras/Raf-dependent mechanism in PC12 cells. Mutation of the kappaB seq
Kitajima I; Hanyu N; Soejima Y; Hirano R; Arahira S; Yamaoka S; Yamada R; Maruyama I; Kaneda Y; Department of Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, University of; Kagoshima, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890, Japan.
We investigated the usefulness of ribozymes in inhibiting the expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) gene. Two hammerhead ribozymes that were against HTLV-I rex (RR) and tax (TR) mRNA were synthesized. Both ribozymes were sequence-specific in the in vitro cleavage analysis of run-off transcripts fro
Trejo SR; Fahl WE; Ratner L; Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of; Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Transcriptional up-regulation of the c-sis/platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) proto-oncogene by the Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 has been implicated as one possible mechanism of cellular transformation by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. In previous work, we identified an essential site
Sanchez X; Cousins-Hodges B; Aguilar T; Gosselink P; Lu Z; Navarro J; Department of Physiology & Biophysics and Sealy Center for; Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston,; Texas 77555, USA.
Chemokines are cytokines that activate and induce the migration of leukocytes. Stroma-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a novel chemokine that blocks the entry of T-tropic HIV-1 mediated by fusin/CXCR4/LESTR (leukocyte-derived seven-transmembrane domain receptor). In this work we demonstrate that SDF-1 triggers increases in
Haribabu B; Richardson RM; Fisher I; Sozzani S; Peiper SC; Horuk R; Ali H; Snyderman R; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,; North Carolina 27710, USA. Boddu001@mc.duke.edu
Members of the chemokine receptor family CCR5 and CXCR4 have recently been shown to be involved in the entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into target cells. Here, we investigated the regulation of CXCR4 in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) stably transfected with wild type (Wt CXCR4) or a cytoplasmic ta
Yasui H; Butscher W; Cohen M; Spriggs N; Wersto R; Kohn EC; Liotta L; Gardner K; Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) is a calcium influx inhibitor that has both antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities. Pretreatment of human T-cells with micromolar concentrations of CAI causes a near complete inhibition of calcium-regulated mitogen-induced transcription from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lo
Bour S; Geleziunas R; Wainberg MA; McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish; General Hospital, Montr-eal, Qu-ebec H3T 1E2, Canada.; sb32i@nih.gov
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) employs a number of complex strategies to interfere with the synthesis, stability, and subcellular localization of its specific cellular receptor CD4. To define better the mechanisms of inhibition of CD4 expression, we used a rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro system, i
Kundu M; Guermah M; Roeder RG; Amini S; Khalili K; Center for NeuroVirology and NeuroOncology, and Department of; Neurology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences,; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.
The NF-kappaB/Rel family of transcription factors is one of the main targets of cytokines and other agents that induce HIV-1 gene expression. Some of these extracellular stimuli arrest cells in the G1 phase of the mitotic division cycle and modulate the activity of the tumor suppressor protein Rb and its partner E2F-1
Wrenger S; Hoffmann T; Faust J; Mrestani-Klaus C; Brandt W; Neubert K; Kraft M; Olek S; Frank R; Ansorge S; Reinhold D; Center for Internal Medicine, Institute of Experimental Internal; Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120; Magdeburg, Germany. dirk.reinhold@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
Evidence exists that the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) transactivator Tat occurs extracellularly and is involved in the immunosuppression of non-HIV-1-infected T cells of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The mechanism of this immunosuppressive activity of Tat has been controversially discus
Relf MV; School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,; USA.
Although numerous supportive therapies are available to challenge human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), no cure exists. Those with HIV disease and its sequelae must confront the reality of living with a complex, chronic illness. When addressing the many challenges as
Orsi AJ; Grady C; Tax A; McCorkle R; Department of Nursing, Temple University, Philadelphia,; Pennsylvania, USA.
The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women worldwide is increasing rapidly. Assumptions about HIV-related immunologic and nutritional changes are primarily based on data derived from men infected with HIV. The article reports a pilot study designed to examine the immunologic and nutritional
Harrison RL; Department of Nursing, William Paterson College of New Jersey,; Wayne, USA.
The article describes the historical influence of holistic nursing theorists on the integration of spirituality into nursing care. Assessment and interventions for spiritual distress are suggested based on the conceptual model for holistic nursing practice of Dossey and colleagues. Research concerning the influence of
Misson J; Clark W; Kendall MJ; Department of Medicines Management, Keele University, U.K.
BACKGROUND: Anti-retroviral treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is undergoing great changes, brought about by a better understanding of the disease pathology. One of the most recent advances has been the introduction of the protease inhibitors ,
Jazin EE; Soderstrom S; Ebendal T; Larhammar D; Department of Medical Genetics, Uppsala University, Sweden.; elena.jazin@medgen.uu.se
We have previously cloned a human receptor recently shown to be a cofactor for entry of T-tropic HIV-1 strains into CD4+ cells, now named fusin. Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is an endogenous ligand for fusin, also called CXCR-4. Here we show the distribution of fusin/CXCR-4 mRNA during ontogeny in the rat. The ons
Chaturvedi S; Newman SL; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine,; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; 45267, USA.
We have demonstrated that monocyte-derived macrophages (Mphi) from HIV+ individuals are deficient in their capacity to phagocytose Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) yeasts, and are more permissive for the intracellular growth of Hc. To determine whether these defects in Mphi function were caused by HIV infection of the Mphi
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) plays a central role in the immune system by skewing the immune response towards T helper 1 (Th1) type responses which are characterized by high interferon-gamma and low IL-4 production. In this report we present evidence that beta2-agonists inhibit IL-12 production by both human monocytes in re
Cohen OJ; Vaccarezza M; Lam GK; Baird BF; Wildt K; Murphy PM; Zimmerman PA; Nutman TB; Fox CH; Hoover S; Adelsberger J; Baseler M; Arthos J; Davey RT Jr; Dewar RL; Metcalf J; Schwartzentruber DJ; Orenstein JM; Buchbinder S; Saah AJ; Detels R; Phair J; Rinaldo C; Margolick JB; Fauci AS; et al; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors are a heterogeneous group of individuals with regard to immunologic and virologic markers of HIV-1 disease. CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has recently been identified as an important coreceptor for HIV-1 entry into CD4+ T cells. A mutant allele of CCR5 confers a high degree of
Levitz SM; Harrison TS; Tabuni A; Liu X; The Evans Memorial Department of Clinical Research and the; Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston,; Massachusetts 02118, USA. slevitz@med-med1.bu.edu
Infections due to Cryptococcus neoformans are common in AIDS patients. We investigated the effect of chloroquine, which raises the pH of phagolysosomes, on the anticryptococcal activity of mononuclear phagocytes. C. neoformans multiplied within monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in the absence of chloroquine but were
Arreaza GA; Cameron MJ; Jaramillo A; Gill BM; Hardy D; Laupland KB; Rapoport MJ; Zucker P; Chakrabarti S; Chensue SW; Qin HY; Singh B; Delovitch TL; Autoimmunity/Diabetes Group, The John P. Robarts Research; Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
Optimal T cell responsiveness requires signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 costimulatory receptors. Previously, we showed that T cells from autoimmune nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice display proliferative hyporesponsiveness to TCR stimulation, which may be causal to the development of insulin-dependent d
Kalluri R; Danoff TM; Okada H; Neilson EG; Penn Center for Molecular Studies of Kidney Diseases, University; of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
We developed a new mouse model of human anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease to better characterize the genetic determinants of cell-mediated injury. While all major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes (H-2a, k, s, b, and d) immunized with alpha3 NC1 domains of type IV collagen produce anti-alpha3(I
van't Wout AB; Ran LJ; de Jong MD; Bakker M; van Leeuwen R; Notermans DW; Loeliger AE; de Wolf F; Danner SA; Reiss P; Boucher CA; Lange JM; Schuitemaker H; Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the; Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, University of; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
By studying changes in the clonal composition of HIV-1 populations during the first weeks of zidovudine (ZDV) treatment before the development of ZDV resistance-conferring mutations, we demonstrated previously a selective inhibition of nonsyncytium-inducing (NSI) HIV-1, even when present as coexisting population in in
Adams MA; Ferraro FR; Western Michigan University, USA.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become an epidemic in the United States . AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a neurological dysfunction which has been indicated in 25-90% of AIDS patients, 30-40% of HIV-infected patients, and may be the onl
Maldjian PD; Singh-Panghaal S; Wachsberg RH; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, University of; Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, USA.
We present a case of AIDS-related intrathoracic lymphoma in which the pulmonary lesions were evaluated with Doppler sonography. The presence of internal vascularity within such lesions may help to differentiate this entity from tuberculosis.
Boldorini R; Vigano P; Monga G; Nebuloni M; Cargnel A; Gubertini G; Migliaretti G; Costanzi G; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia; di Torino, sede di Novara, Italy.
AIMS: To evaluate the histological changes seen in liver biopsies after interferon (IFN) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS: Twenty four intravenous drug users with chronic hepatitis C were investigated histologically before beginning a 12 month cou
Gaspari AA; Marchese S; Powell D; Rady PL; Tyring SK; Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of; Medicine and Dentistry, NY, USA.
Kaposi s sarcoma rarely occurs as an opportunistic tumor in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients. We describe the clinical presentation, treatment of Kaposi s sarcoma skin lesions in an immunosuppressed patient with bullous pemphigoid. Using the polymerase chain reaction, HHV-8 DNA was detected in two separate Kap
Beasley KL; Cooley GE; Kao GF; Lowitt MH; Burnett JW; Aurelian L; Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of; Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
Large papillomatous lesions clinically resembling verrucous carcinoma may be caused by viruses other than human papillomavirus. We report a case of recurrent vegetations covering the entire vulva in a pregnant patient with common variable immunodeficiency. Herpes simplex virus was recovered from these lesions. The pat
Sorrells T; Pratt L; Newton J; Graham S; Ryan M; Department of Pathology, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth,; Virginia, USA.
The development of mycosis fungoides in HIV-positive patients is uncommon. We describe the granulomatous type of mycosis fungoides in an HIV-positive patient whose cutaneous lesions regressed without treatment. In addition to HIV seropositivity and mycosis fungoides, he had a long history of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Imm
Faugier J; Sargeant M; NHS Executive North West, Warrington, England.
Studies on hidden populations , such as homeless people, prostitutes and drug addicts, raise a number of specific methodological questions usually absent from research involving known populations and less sensitive subjects. This paper examines the advantages and limitations of nonrandom methods of data collection su
All AC; Sullivan L; Department of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services,; University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, USA.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious disease that has special concern for the health care provider. AIDS has continued to grow despite control efforts. As the disease infectivity period remains lengthy, and the heterosexual population is affected to a greater degree, the level of anxiety has also ris
Aiken LH; Sloane DM; Center for Health Services and Policy Research, University of; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6096, USA. laiken@pop.upenn.edu
This is a study of how change in the organization of work within hospitals affects the disputes over contested professional jurisdictions. We employ the natural experiment in hospital work reorganization motivated by the AIDS epidemic to empirically document the effects of specialization and client differentiation on
Pearlin LI; Aneshensel CS; LeBlanc AJ; Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park; 20742-1315, USA. lpearlin@bss1.umd.edu
Processes of stress proliferation are explored in a sample of informal caregivers to people with AIDS. Proliferation refers to the tendency for stressors to beget stressors. Two forms of proliferation are explored, each based on the distinction between primary and secondary stressors. Among AIDS caregivers, primary st
In 1976, a group of physicians in private proctologic practice in New York City coined the illness Gay Bowel Syndrome in reference to a constellation of gay male anorectal disorders. Through analysis of biomedical discourse and popular media, it is apparent that Gay Bowel Syndrome is an essentialized category of dif
O'Doherty U; Ignatius R; Bhardwaj N; Pope M; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
While the dendritic cells (DCs) of mouse and man have been extensively studied, until recently those of non-human primates remained poorly characterized. We present a method for generating large numbers of DCs from precursors in rhesus macaque blood, based on techniques developed for human blood. For 7 days, a T cell-
Kinloch-de Loes S; Perneger TV; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals,; Switzerland.
A randomized trial of 77 patients with primary HIV infection concluded that a 6-month course of zidovudine significantly reduced the incidence of opportunistic infections and improved CD4 cell counts. Follow-up was extended over a mean of 28 months to assess whether these benefits persisted beyond the trial period und
Akerlund B; Tynell E; Bratt G; Bielenstein M; Lidman C; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge; University Hospital, Sweden.
In a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial, HIV sero-positive patients with CD4+ cell count less than 200 x 10(6)/l or an AIDS diagnosis were evaluated for drug reactions to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) during treatment, including pretreatment, with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 800 mg daily or placebo
Saillour F; Bernard N; Ragnaud JM; Morlat P; Blanchard Y; Monlun E; Labouyrie E; Chene G; Dabis F; Unite INSERM 330, Universite de Bordeaux II, France.
We estimated the incidence of the first episodes of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) disease in the Aquitaine cohort of HIV-infected subjects, south-western France . Cases were retrospectively investi
Wyld R; Robertson JR; Brettle RP; Mellor J; Prescott L; Simmonds P; Muirhouse Medical Group, Edinburgh, U.K.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted through infected blood and blood products, but evidence of other routes of transmission is less clearly understood. In a study designed to examine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, the prevalence of HCV has also been measured. Sixty-one couples were analysed, 30 in
Lissoni P; Merlini D; Pirato D; Meregalli S; Division of Radiation Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza,; Milan, Italy.
Blood levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 are often abnormally high in patients with advanced cancer. However, since IL-6 and IL-10 may be produced by macrophages and TH2 cells, the evidence of abnormally high values of IL-6 and/or IL-10 may reflect hyperactivation either of the macrophage system
Imai M; Kondo M; Sudo K; Saito T; Sato H; Takebe Y; Noguchi Y; Kawata K; Ito A; Sagara H; Kihara M; Department of Virology, Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health; Laboratory.
We analyzed the clade distribution of B and E in HIV-1 isolates in Japan by a nested PCR method using 5 -CCCACAAGATTTAAATATG-3 of the gag gene as clade B primer and 5 -CCCACAAGATTTAAACTCC-3 of the gag gene as clade E primer. Seventy-two anti-HIV-1 confirmatory positive serum sampl
Sugiyama H; Kawamata K; Katoh J; Miyashita T; Itoh T; Ohyatsu I; Aoki M; Ono Y; Nishiya H; Kunii O; Satoh T; Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of; Medicine.
A previously healthy 28 year old Japanese man came to us with a genital ulcer which appeared 13 days before admission to our hospital. He had subsequently fever (40 degrees C), arthralgia, a sore throat and oral aphtha 6 days before admission. He had a history of sexual contact with a female commercial sex worker one
Ellner JJ; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH; 44106, USA.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by depression of purified protein derivative-stimulated (PPD-stimulated) blastogenesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as decreased production of interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Circul
Karpus WJ; Kennedy KJ; Department of Pathology, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center,; Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611,; USA.
Chemokines are a family of small-molecular-weight cytokines that induce chemotaxis and chemokinesis of leukocytes. These molecules are ligands for seven-transmembrane, G-protein-linked receptors and are known to activate integrins on the surface of leukocytes and other cells as well as induce a number of signaling eve
Urwijitaroon Y; Barusrux S; Puapairoj C; Romphruk A; Khampeera P; Blood Transfusion Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen; University, Thailand.
The human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) can be transmitted through blood transfusion, sexual contact, perinataly and by breast feeding. We carried out a four years seroepidemiology surveillance study of HTLV-I infection among northeast Thai population by screening for antibodies to HTLV-I (anti-HTLV-I) in 1992,
Barusrux S; Urwijitaroon Y; Puapairoj C; Romphruk A; Sriwanitchrak P; Blood Transfusion Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen; University, Thailand.
The study was performed to determine the association of seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) infection among HIV infected first time male blood donors (HIV group) in comparison with the HIV seronegative blood donors (control group) in the Northeast of
Prevention of transmission of HIV-1 via blood transfusion has been carried out by the National Blood Center by screening donated blood with anti-HIV and HIV antigen tests. To increase the safety measure, detection of proviral DNA by PCR has been proposed; however, it was impractical to test all samples by PCR. From Au
Chanarat N; Chanarat P; Suttajit M; Chiewsilp D; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical; Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fasting EDTA plasma of 33 healthy and 64 HIV-infected patients was determined using H(2)O(2)-peroxidase-ABTS technique. The results revealed that the average TAC in HIV-infected patients was significantly lower than those in healthy normal persons. (0.161 +/- 0.097 vs 0.269 +/- 0.08
Kooijman R; van Buul-Offers SC; Scholtens LE; Reijnen-Gresnigt RG; Zegers BJ; Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and; Youth Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Treatment of mice with IGF-I stimulates T and B cell development. We showed that overexpression of IGF-II in transgenic FVB/N mice only stimulated T cell development. In the present study, we further addressed the in vivo effects of IGF-II in the absence of IGF-I to get more insight into the potential abilities of IGF
Chu RS; Targoni OS; Krieg AM; Lehmann PV; Harding CV; Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University,; Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) that contain unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODN) induce macrophages to secrete IL-12, which induces interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion by natural killer (NK) cells. Since these cytokines can induce T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation, we examined the effects of coadministered CpG ODN on
Verdaguer J; Schmidt D; Amrani A; Anderson B; Averill N; Santamaria P; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The; University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Alberta, Canada.
It has been established that insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice results from a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-dependent autoimmune process directed against the pancreatic beta cells. The precise roles that beta cell-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells play in the disease process, however, rema
Zhang B; Yamamura T; Kondo T; Fujiwara M; Tabira T; Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute; of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.
In this report, we establish a regulatory role of natural killer (NK) cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a prototype T helper cell type 1 (Th1)-mediated disease. Active sensitization of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide induces a mild form of monop
Cohn L; Homer RJ; Marinov A; Rankin J; Bottomly K; Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New; Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. lcohn@biomed.med.yale.edu
Airway inflammation is believed to stimulate mucus production in asthmatic patients. Increased mucus secretion is an important clinical symptom and contributes to airway obstruction in asthma. Activated CD4 Th1 and Th2 cells have both been identified in airway biopsies of asthmatics but their role in mucus production
Davis CB; Dikic I; Unutmaz D; Hill CM; Arthos J; Siani MA; Thompson DA; Schlessinger J; Littman DR; Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Skirball Institute for; Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Medical Center 10016, USA.; davis@saturn.med.nyu.edu
Infection with HIV-1 requires expression of CD4 and the chemokine receptors CXCR4 or CCR5 at the target cell surface. Engagement of these receptors by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is essential for membrane fusion, but may additionally activate intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that che
Hughes ES; Bell JE; Simmonds P; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh,; Teviot Place, UK.
In this study we have analysed variability in the V1 and V2 regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral sequences amplified from lymphoid tissue, brain and other non-lymphoid tissue collected at autopsy from three HIV-1-infected individuals with giant cell encephalitis. We found no evidence for any
Seto A; Nagano Y; Isono T; Kurokawa M; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiga University; of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. seto@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
Fourteen T cell lines of rabbits were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and examined for their susceptibility to lytic infection and ability to support virus replication. T cell lines of CD4+ 8- phenotype were more vulnerable to lysis and supported higher levels of virus replication than those of other
Yamamoto A; Hara H; Kobayashi T; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of; Medicine, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) is an inducible protein ligand which is up-regulated during inflammation and is either not constitutively expressed or is only expressed at low levels. The expression of ICAM 1 increases in HTLV-I infected T cell lines as well as in CD4+ T-cells of peripheral blood lymphocyte
Yamano Y; Machigashira K; Ijichi S; Usuku K; Kawabata M; Arimura K; Osame M; The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,; Kagoshima University, Japan. yamano@med6.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Fosfomycin has recently been reported as an antibiotic with immunomodulatory activities. To evaluate the possibility of clinical administration of fosfomycin in patients with human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), the effects of this agent on the HTLV-I
An SF; Giometto B; Groves M; Miller RF; Beckett AA; Gray F; Tavolato B; Scaravilli F; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurology, London.
The presence of neuropsychological disturbances in HIV-positive, pre-symptomatic individuals is a controversial issue. Neuroimaging studies have not shown brain atrophy or hyperintensity in the white matter, whereas proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has revealed some abnormality of cerebral biochemistry. Using an
McMartin C; Bohacek RS; Research Department, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation,; Summit, NJ 07901, USA.
New methods for docking, template fitting and building pseudo-receptors are described. Full conformational searches are carried out for flexible cyclic and acyclic molecules. QXP (quick explore) search algorithms are derived from the method of Monte Carlo perturbation with energy minimization in Cartesian space. An ad
Ioannidis JP; Lau J; Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, New; England Medical Center Hospitals, Tufts University School of; Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
The results of clinical trials may not reflect equally the experiences of all their individual participants. By modeling populations where patients have very diverse baseline risks of suffering an event of interest, it can be seen that very sick patients of high risk become the major determinants of how many events oc
Rabeneck L; Hartigan PM; Huang IW; Souchek J; Wray NP; Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research, Houston,; Texas, USA.
This article and the following article (Parts I and II) report the development of two clinical staging systems for HIV-infected individuals. The objective of the research reported here (Part I) was to construct a clinical staging system to predict progression to AIDS. We analyzed data from VA Cooperative Study Number
Rabeneck L; Hartigan PM; Huang IW; Souchek J; Wray NP; Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research, Houston,; Texas, USA.
This article (Part II) and the preceding article (Part I) report the development of two clinical staging systems for HIV-infected individuals. The objective of the research reported here (Part II) was to construct a clinical staging system to predict survival in patients with AIDS. We analyzed data from VA Cooperative
Hu Li Tsa Chih. 1997 Apr;44(2):20-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98017031
Ko NY; Huang JJ; Hsu ST
AIDS is not solely a medical issue but also has profound implications for family relationships. This case report using the concepts of family nursing and case management presents the concerns of a family living with AIDS. The data was collected through continuous contacts with a patient during December 1994 to August
Gerbert B; Herzig K; Volberding P; Division of Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco General Hospital,; University of California, San Francisco, 94111, USA.
Seko Y; Takahashi N; Yagita H; Okumura K; Yazaki Y; Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
In murine acute viral myocarditis, natural killer (NK) cells infiltrate the heart first, followed by activated T-cells, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the myocardial damage. Because of their multipotential effects, cytokines are thought to play a role in the induction and development of these immu
Steele RG; Tripp G; Kotchick BA; Summers P; Forehand R; Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens; 30602, USA.
Examined the relationships among parental and child uncertainty about fathers illnesses and child internalizing problems. Participants included 65 families in which the father had hemophilia, approximately one half of the fathers also were HIV infected. Within each family, respondents included the father, the mother
Takakuwa K; Arakawa M; Honda K; Imai T; Tamura M; Yasuda M; Tanaka K; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University; School of Medicine, Japan.
The alterations of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were sequentially analyzed in patients with recurrent fetal wastage who were treated with the Chinese herbal medicine, Sairei-to (Chan ling-Tan) for positive antiphospholipid antibodies to analyze the underlying mechanisms of the therapy. The titer of antiphosphol
Chow HH; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy,; University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
After having been used in treating HIV infection for a decade, zidovudine ( AZT ) continues to be an essential component of antiretroviral regimens. Because antiviral responses and toxicity of AZT seem to be related to cells in specific target tissues,
Singh M; McGee JP; Li XM; Koff W; Zamb T; Wang CY; O'Hagan DT; United Biomedical, Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788, USA.
Polyactide-co-glycolide microparticles, with an entrapped branched octameric peptide from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), were prepared by a solvent evaporation method. The microparticles were characterized for size distribution, antigen loading level, and integrity. Mice in one group were each immunized with a
J Public Health Dent. 1997 Summer;57(3):159-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98045012
Kunzel C; Sadowsky D; Tseng CL; Division of Community Health, Columbia University School of; Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, NY 10032, USA.; ck60@columbia.edu
OBJECTIVES: This article develops and compares gender-specific predictive models for willingness to treat HIV-infected patients (PHIV+) for male and female private general practice dentists (GPDs). METHODS: Based on mail survey data collected in Manhattan and Queens, New York City (73.3% response rate), hierarchical m
Haynes MK; Smith JB; Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas; Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.; mark.haynes@mail.tju.edu
Padeh S; Sharon N; Schiby G; Rechavi G; Passwell JH; Paediatric Department B, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Aviv; University Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
We describe the occurrence of malignant lymphoma as a possible complication of immunosuppression associated with low dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). A 6-year-old girl with systemic onset JRA who had received low dose MTX therapy for 16 months developed diffuse peripheral lympha
J Med Chem. 1997 Oct 10;40(21):3323-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98001114
McIntee EJ; Remmel RP; Schinazi RF; Abraham TW; Wagner CR; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy,; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
The decomposition pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of the structurally similar 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) phosphoramidates 1-6 and 3 -fluoro-3 -deoxythymidine (FLT) phosphoramidates 7-10
J Med Chem. 1997 Oct 24;40(22):3635-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98020401
Kotra LP; Xiang Y; Newton MG; Schinazi RF; Cheng YC; Chu CK; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy,; University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2352, USA.
Following the recent discoveries that some L-nucleosides are more or equal potent than their D-counterparts, we synthesized 2 -deoxy-2 ,2 -difluoro-L-erythro-pentofuranosyl nucleosides as potential antiviral agents. The target compounds were synthesized via the key intermediates 7a or 7b from L-gulono gamma-lactone. C
J Med Chem. 1997 Nov 7;40(23):3781-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98038582
Tait BD; Hagen S; Domagala J; Ellsworth EL; Gajda C; Hamilton HW; Prasad JV; Ferguson D; Graham N; Hupe D; Nouhan C; Tummino PJ; Humblet C; Lunney EA; Pavlovsky A; Rubin J; Gracheck SJ; Baldwin ET; Bhat TN; Erickson JW; Gulnik SV; Liu B; Department of Chemistry, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research; Division, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.
The 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrone template was utilized as a flexible scaffolding from which to build potent active site inhibitors of HIV protease. Dihydropyrone 1c (5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-3-[(2-phenylethyl)thio]-2H-pyran-- 2-one) was modeled in the active site of HIV protease utilizing a similar binding mode f
Douglas NW; Munro GH; Daniels RS; Virology Division, National Institute for Medical Research,; London, UK.
The various functions of human (HIV) and simian (SIV) immunodeficiency virus glycoproteins are similar, so it may be assumed that the overall structure of the folded proteins will be maintained. To preserve structure there must be constraints on sequence variation. The majority of mutations tolerated will be involved
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 Dec 3;89(23):1797-802. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98052514
Gill PS; McLaughlin T; Espina BM; Tulpule A; Louie S; Lunardi-Iskandar Y; Gallo RC; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern; California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo clinical studies have shown that certain preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin have antitumor activity against Kaposi s sarcoma, the most common tumor in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). METHODS: A phase I trial was conducted in 18 male patient
Paige CY; Johnson MS; Department of Family Medicine, NJ Medical School-UMDNJ, Newark; 07103, USA.
This study examines social workers perceptions of the needs of families coping with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This research investigates the problems of family caregivers of children orphaned by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related death of their parents. A qualitative semistructured interview
Antony SJ; Patel A; Leonard J; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,; Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
The treatment of non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cryptococcal meningitis has not been well defined as yet. The current recommendation is amphotericin B with or without flucytosine. However, due to the many side effects of these drugs, fluconazole is becoming an attractive alternative in patients who cann
Taylor SK; Lane VM; Hunter DL; Eyre KG; Kaufman S; Frye S; Johnson MR; National Park Service, Wildlife and Vegetation Division,; Washington, D.C. 20013, USA.
From November 1991 through March 1992, we evaluated 101 free-ranging American bison (Bison bison) from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA) for exposure to infectious organisms that commonly infect cattle. No titers were detected for bluetongue virus, bovine leukemia virus, or Campylobacter fetus in these 101 biso
Evermann JF; Foreyt WJ; Hall B; McKeirnan AJ; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary; Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6610, USA.
Puma lentivirus (PLV) antibodies were detected in 13 (25%) of 52 serum samples obtained from cougars (Felis concolor) collected by hunters. The serum samples were collected from November 1993 through January 1994 from four specific regions throughout the state of Washington (USA), and included the Olympic Mountains, t
JAMA. 1997 Dec 10;278(22):2000-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98057370
McDonnell WM; Askari FK
Immunization is undergoing important changes, with improved vaccines replacing less immunogenic or less safe vaccines, new vaccines for common diseases such as chickenpox and hepatitis A infection, and improved immunization schedules. Immunization is also being transformed by basic work in molecular medicine. Vaccines
Miura AB; Third Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of; Medicine.
Blood was mentioned as possible therapeutic measures throughout human history. However modern blood transfusion medicine has developed only during the 20th century. In Japan , blood transfusion was tried since 1919 by several surgeons who had experienced during World War I in Europe.
Fukuda I; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, National; Defence Medical College.
Many problems arise from homologous blood transfusion in operative patients. The virtues include reduced likelihood of reactions to transfused blood and reduction or elimination of the risk of alloimmunization and transfusion transmitted diseases such as hepatitis C and the human immunodeficiency virus. Provided that
Wolf DA; Dholakia SR; Keherly MJ; Rodriguez-Wolf MG; Cloyd MW; Gelman BB; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch,; Galveston 77550, USA.
Many patients with AIDS have a myelopathy characterized by vacuolization of spinal cord white matter. The biochemical and molecular changes underlying this myelin disturbance have not yet been characterized. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is potentially important because it is a key structural protein of myelin with roles
Brugnoni D; Airo P; Tosoni C; Taglietti M; Lodi-Rizzini F; Calzavara-Pinton P; Leali C; Cattaneo R; Servizio di Immunologia Clinica, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
A case of cutaneous T cell lymphoma associated with mild eosinophilia and rise of IgE levels is reported. A population of CD3-CD4+ cells was observed in the peripheral blood. After activation, these purified CD3-CD4+ cells showed a Th2 pattern of cytokine production, secreting higher levels of IL-5 and IL-4 and lower
Med Care. 1997 Nov;35(11 Suppl):NS6-18. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98033670
Aiken LH; Sochalski J; Lake ET; Center for Health Services and Policy Research, School of; Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6096,; USA.
OBJECTIVES: The rapidly changing organizational context within which health care is delivered is altering provider-patient relations and processes of clinical decision-making, with significant implications for patient outcomes. Yet definitive research on such effects is lacking. The authors seek to underscore the cont
Lancet. 1997 Nov 1;350(9087):1284-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98020278
Nyangulu DS; Harries AD; Kang'ombe C; Yadidi AE; Chokani K; Cullinan T; Maher D; Nunn P; Salaniponi FM; National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health,; Malawi, Central Africa.
BACKGROUND: Much concern has been expressed about the high prevalence of tuberculosis in prisons in industrialised countries. Since there is almost no information from developing countries, we investigated the rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in a large prison in Malawi . METHODS: Bet
Lancet. 1997 Nov 15;350(9089):1425-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98038503
Darby SC; Ewart DW; Giangrande PL; Spooner RJ; Rizza CR; Dusheiko GM; Lee CA; Ludlam CA; Preston FE; Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe; Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
BACKGROUND: Most people with haemophilia who were treated with blood products before the introduction of virus-inactivation procedures were infected with the hepatitis-C virus (HCV). However, there is little quantitative information about the long-term effects on mortality of such infection. METHODS: We carried out a
Smetana Z; Malik Z; Orenstein A; Mendelson E; Ben-Hur E; Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer,; Israel.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: When 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is exogenously supplied, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is accumulated in various cells and makes them light sensitive. The possibility of using such an approach for the treatment of viral infections was studied in this work. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: ALA
Zacharopoulos VR; Phillips DM; The Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA.
There is considerable evidence that sexual transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus-I (HTLV-I) is mediated by virus-infected lymphocytes in genital tract secretions. However, it is not clear whether infection occurs through lesions in the genital tract epithelium or takes place via an intact epithelium. We have car
Medicine (Baltimore). 1997 Sep;76(5):339-54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98014103
Wheat J; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of; Medicine, Indianapolis, USA. jwheat@mdep.iupui.edu
Histoplasmosis remains a common infection in endemic regions of North America and Latin America, causing a broad spectrum of clinical findings. Experience during recurrent outbreaks in Indianapolis has shown the importance of immunosuppressive conditions including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a ris
Heijligenberg R; Romijn JA; Westerterp KR; Jonkers CF; Prins JM; Sauerwein HP; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center,; Amsterdam University, Meibergdreef, The Netherlands.
Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) has been reported to be slightly decreased in weight-stable acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This conclusion is based on a comparison of TEE measurements to the data reported by others. We measured TEE in nine weight-stable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-inf
Buckle AM; Craig S; Czaplewski LG; Department of Biochemistry and Applied Molecular Biology,; University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology,; United Kingdom.
Rucker J; Doranz BJ; Edinger AL; Long D; Berson JF; Doms RW; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Kinzl P; Otani T; Benz R; Minowada J; Fujisaki Cell Center, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc.,; Okayama, Japan.
The non-antigen specific rapid cytotoxic (CT) death of immature TdT+CD4+CD8+ T cells due to contact with HIV-1 carrier T-cell clones we have found recently is a novel phenomenon. The effects of interferons (IFN) on this CT reaction were studied in vitro. Treatment of the HIV-1 carrier clones, referred to as effectors
Hattori T; Zhang X; Weiss C; Xu Y; Kubo T; Sato Y; Nishikawa S; Sakaida H; Uchiyama T; Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Kyoto University, Japan.; thattori@virus1.virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp
We have attempted to purify envelope (Env) glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the culture supernatants of CHO-Sec cells that secreted truncated 140-kDa precursor and mature 120-kDa Env glycoproteins. The concentrated culture supernatants were applied to a column coupled with cibacron blue 3GA (CB
Takeda-Hirokawa N; Neoh LP; Akimoto H; Kaneko H; Hishikawa T; Sekigawa I; Hashimoto H; Hirose S; Murakami T; Yamamoto N; Mimura T; Kaneko Y; Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo; University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
To clarify the mechanism by which curdlan sulfate (CRDS) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, we examined its influence on the binding of gp120 to CD4 molecules on T cells and macrophages, as well as on the production of TNF-alpha by gp120-stimulated macrophages (which promotes HIV-1 replication).
Med Pediatr Oncol. 1998 Jan;30(1):40-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98037439
Azuma E; Nagai M; Qi J; Umemoto M; Hirayama M; Kumamoto T; Hiratake S; Komada Y; Sakurai M; Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Immunology, Mie University; School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
BACKGROUND: It is generally believed the effects of short intensive courses of therapy are rapidly reversible in childhood cancers, and immunologic function following years of maintenance treatment with chemotherapy usually returns to normal by 6 months or less when treatment is terminated. However, we previously demo
Vigliano P; Russo R; Arfelli P; Boffi P; Bonassi E; Gandione M; Raino E; Tovo PA; Taglianti MV; Rigardetto R; Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza,; Universita di Torino, Italy.
Evoked potentials (EP) help guide the diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in demyelinating pathologies regarding both children and adults, and in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) correlated pathologies only in regard to adult patients. EP have been shown to be useful in highlighting early signs of th
Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accounts for virtually all new HIV infections in children. Through 1993, an estimated 15,000 HIV-infected children were born to HIV-positive women in the United States . In 1994, clinical trials demonstrated a two-thirds reduc
Xiao H; Lis JT; Jeang KT; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institutes of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460, USA. hxiao@atlas.niaid.nih.gov
Artificial recruitment of TATA-binding protein (TBP) to many eukaryotic promoters bypasses DNA-bound activator function. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat is an unconventional activator that up-regulates transcription from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) through binding to a nascent RNA sequence
Gatti M; Di Silverio A; Cespa M; Mosca M; Department of Dermatology, Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
We describe an HIV-positive patient suffering from cutaneous cryptococcosis who was a former intravenous drug abuser and who presented a nodulo-ulcerated lesion on the back of his left hand. This was caused 4 months previously when the patient was injured by a pigeon nesting in an abandoned house. After fluconazole tr
Nature. 1997 Nov 27;390(6658):407-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98049349
Fichera ME; Roos DS; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; 19104-6018, USA.
Parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa include many important human and veterinary pathogens such as Plasmodium (malaria), Toxoplasma (a leading opportunistic infection associated with AIDS and congenital neurological birth defects), and Eimeria (an economically significant disease of poultry and cattle). Recent studies
de Man AM; Smulders YM; Roozendaal KJ; Frissen PH; Department of Internal Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis,; Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a syndrome characterised by the clinical pentad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, renal failure, fluctuating neurologic signs, and fever. The aetiology of TTP is unknown, but associations with various underlying diseases, infections and drugs
Bouma BJ; Tytgat KM; Schipper HG; Kager PA; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre,; Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Abdominal tuberculosis is often diagnosed in a late stage because symptoms are aspecific. Two patients with intestinal tuberculosis and tuberculous peritonitis respectively, both from endemic countries presented with long-standing fever, abdominal pain and weight loss. Acid fast bacilli were present in aspirate and bi
Howlett DC; King AP; Jarosz JM; Stewart RA; al-Sarraj ST; Bingham JB; Cox TC; Department of Radiology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
In this article two cases of primary malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumour are described. In the affected children the brain and the spinal cord were the primary sites of origin of the tumour. The imaging findings are presented and the pathology discussed. Although the imaging features are non-specific, rhabdoid tumour
Thurnher MM; Thurnher SA; Muhlbauer B; Hainfellner JA; Steuer A; Fleischmann D; Trattnig S; Budka H; Schindler E; Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Austria.
We sought to determine the value of follow-up CT and MRI in patients with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). We reviewed 50 CT and 19 MRI examinations performed in 21 biopsy- or autopsy-proven cases of PML; 17 patients had follow-up examinations (mean time
Winkelspecht B; Mueller-Lantzsch N; Kohler H; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology, University of; Homburg/Saar, Germany.
BACKGROUND: Reactivation of EBV infection is a common finding in immunocompromised individuals. The influence of uraemic immunodeficiency on EBV infection is so far not well defined. METHODS: We determined specific antibodies to EBV nuclear antigens (EBNA) 1 and 2 in sera of 286 patients with immunodeficiency due to
N Z Med J. 1997 Sep 26;110(1052):352-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98030751
Thomas MG; Ellis-Pegler RB; Infectious Disease Unit, Auckland Hospital.
AIMS: To determine the incidence, demography, clinical features, treatments and outcome for patients with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Auckland. METHODS: We reviewed the notes of all patients with HIV infection and tuberculosis seen by the Infectious Disease Unit, at Auckland Hospit
Some 13% to 62% of all injuries reported to hospital occupational health workers are traceable to phlebotomy procedures. However, the selection of a needleless system is complex. The informed manager seeks answers to the following questions: (1) Do needleless systems reduce the risk of seroconversion to bloodborne pat
Taskintuna I; Rahhal FM; Rao NA; Wiley CA; Mueller AJ; Banker AS; De Clercq E; Arevalo JF; Freeman WR; Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Center, University of; California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the adverse events and autopsy findings in a series of consecutive 20-microg intravitreous cidofovir injections at a single institution. DESIGN: The study design was a nonrandomized, consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-six patients with acquired immune defi
Ruggli GM; Weber R; Messmer EP; Font RL; Moll C; Bernauer W; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Zurich,; Switzerland.
BACKGROUND: Ocular disease, especially the development of choroidal lesions, is a known extrapulmonary manifestation of Pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). To our knowledge, conjunctival involvement due to P. carinii has not been described previously. METHODS: The authors
Davis JL; Hummer J; Feuer WJ; Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute,; University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Retinal detachment complicates the course of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis in nearly 30% of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The study goal was to evaluate laser photocoagulation in the treatment o
Vrabec TR; Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University,; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of laser photocoagulation in the treatment of macula-sparing cytomegalovirus ( CMV )-related retinal detachment (CMVRD) in patients with acquired immune deficiency
Orv Hetil. 1997 Oct 26;138(43):2711-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98034818
Nasz I; Adam E; Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia--Semmelweis Orvostudomanyi Egyetem,; Mikrobiologiai-Virologiai Kutatocsoport, Budapest.
Adenovirus infections have been associated with a variety of disorders of the respiratory, ocular, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. In the last fifteen years, special attention has been given to the adenoviral infections in immunocompromised host, transplant recipients, cancer patients and AIDS patients. Adeno
Oncogene. 1997 Oct 16;15(16):1979-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98030526
Gao SJ; Boshoff C; Jayachandra S; Weiss RA; Chang Y; Moore PS; Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons,; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a gammaherpesvirus linked to the development of Kaposi s sarcoma and a rare B cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma. The KSHV gene ORF K9 encodes vIRF which is a protein with low but significant homology to members of the interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRF) fam
Calore EE; Cavaliere JM; Perez NM; Campos Sales PS; Warnke KO; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Secao de Anatomia; Patologica, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Thirty five esophageal biopsies from AIDS patients with clinical symptoms of esophagitis sent to Emilio Ribas Institute , Pathology Laboratory, in a 2 year period were revised for possible infectious agents. Microorganisms were seen in 17 cases (48.6%). In 6 cases (17.1%), Acid-Fast bacilli were observed. One of thes
Zinn HL; Rosberger ST; Haller JO; Schlesinger AE; Department of Radiology, State University of New York, Health; Science Center at Brooklyn, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 1208,; Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
Simple renal cysts are very uncommon among children. Of 50 children with AIDS that underwent computed tomography at our hospital, 4 had radiographically simple cysts. The incidence of simple renal cysts in this group of children is thus approximately 45 times that seen in normal children. To our knowledge, simple rena
Cotton MF; Ikle DN; Rapaport EL; Marschner S; Tseng PO; Kurrle R; Finkel TH; Pediatric Infectious Disease Section, The Children's Hospital,; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80218, USA.
Apoptosis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells has been shown in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-infected adults analyzed after overnight culture. Because cell death may be an artifact of in vitro culture, and because there is little information on apoptosis in pediatric HIV disease, we undertook a cross-secti
Pettit LL; Gee SQ; Begue RE; Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University School of; Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on the frequency, circumstances and management of sharp object injuries (SOIs) in pediatric facilities. METHOD: SOIs reported at a large children s hospital during a 2-year period were reviewed. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen SOIs were reported for an average of 6 injuries per 100 employe
Rieder MJ; King SM; Read S; Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Western; Ontario/University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
BACKGROUND: The clinical course of HIV infection is frequently different among infants and children from that in adults. In adults among the most common sources of morbidity related to therapy are adverse drug reactions, notably to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Although there are case reports of serious adverse react
Mellado MJ; Cilleruelo MJ; Ortiz M; Villota J; Garcia M; Perez-Jurado ML; Barreiro G; Martin-Fontelos P; Bernal A; Centro de Investigacion Clinica, Servicio de Pediatria,; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
BACKGROUND: The syncytium-inducing (SI) viral phenotype and the emergence of viral strains resistant to zidovudine have been described in persons infected with HIV, and in some cases they have been associated with poor prognosis. METHODS: HIV isolates obtained from 37 HIV-infected children were analyzed to determine w
Guyer B; Martin JA; MacDorman MF; Anderson RN; Strobino DM; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Johns Hopkins School of; Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Several recent trends in the vital statistics of the United States continued in 1996, including an increase in life expectancy and declines in infant mortality, births to teenage mothers, age-adjusted death rates, and death rates for children and adolescents. In 1996, there were an est
Berkhout B; Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center,; University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The; Netherlands. b.berkhout@amc.uva.nl
Reverse transcription of retroviral genomes is primed by a tRNA molecule that anneals to an 18 nt primer binding site (PBS) on the viral RNA genome. Additional base pair interactions between the tRNA primer and the viral RNA have been proposed. In particular, base pairing was proposed between the anticodon loop of tRN
We have reviewed the incidence, type and site of microbiologically proven bacterial infection occurring in 52 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented to Southmead Hospital, Bristol between 1990 and 1994. A total of 30 (58%) patients had significant bacterial isolates. The majority of
Campsmith ML; Goldbaum GM; Brackbill RM; Tollestrup K; Wood RW; Weybright JE; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle; 98195, USA.
BACKGROUND: This article describes the testing behavior for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody among an urban population of men who have sex with men (MSM) and the reasons given for not being tested for HIV. METHODS: A random digit dialing telephone survey of men living in selected neighborhoods of Seattle, W
Mod Pathol. 1997 Nov;10(11):1151-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98047260
Shields DJ; Byrd JC; Abbondanzo SL; Lichy JH; Diehl LF; Aguilera NI; Department of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center,; Washington, D.C., USA.
Fludarabine is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and is also active in other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Although highly efficacious in destroying the malignant B-cells, fludarabine also causes T-cell lymphopenia and immunosuppression. We pr
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 28;94(22):11887-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98004493
Harada K; Martin SS; Tan R; Frankel AD; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of; California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA.
Short peptides corresponding to the arginine-rich domains of several RNA-binding proteins are able to bind to their specific RNA sites with high affinities and specificities. In the case of the HIV-1 Rev-Rev response element (RRE) complex, the peptide forms a single alpha-helix that binds deeply in a widened, distorte
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 28;94(22):12059-64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98004523
Goletz TJ; Klimpel KR; Arora N; Leppla SH; Keith JM; Berzofsky JA; Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Metabolism; Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
A challenge for subunit vaccines whose goal is to elicit CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is to deliver the antigen to the cytosol of the living cell, where it can be processed for presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Several bacterial toxins have evolved to efficiently delive
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 11;94(23):12303-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98024126
Tan K; Liu J; Wang J; Shen S; Lu M; Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Infection by HIV-1 involves the fusion of viral and cellular membranes with subsequent transfer of viral genetic material into the cell. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein that mediates fusion consists of the surface subunit gp120 and the transmembrane subunit gp41. gp120 directs virion attachment to the cell-surface rec
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 11;94(23):12331-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98024131
Yang X; Gold MO; Tang DN; Lewis DE; Aguilar-Cordova E; Rice AP; Herrmann CH; Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, One; Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
We have previously identified a cellular protein kinase activity termed TAK that specifically associates with the HIV types 1 and 2 Tat proteins. TAK hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II in vitro in a manner believed to activate transcription [Herrmann, C. H. &
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 11;94(23):12574-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98024173
Wong JK; Gunthard HF; Havlir DV; Zhang ZQ; Haase AT; Ignacio CC; Kwok S; Emini E; Richman DD; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego,; 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. j2wong@ucsd.edu
Potent antiretroviral therapy can reduce plasma HIV RNA levels below the threshold of detection for periods of a year or more. The magnitude of HIV RNA reduction in the lymphoid tissue in patients with suppression of HIV RNA levels in plasma beyond 6 months has not been determined. We evaluated levels of HIV RNA and DC
Araghi-Niknam M; Zhang Z; Jiang S; Call O; Eskelson CD; Watson RR; Arizona Prevention Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724,; USA.
The effects of murine leukemia retrovirus infection on production of cytokines was investigated in mice fed different doses of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Young C57BL/6 female mice were injected with LP-BM5 murine retrovirus or were kept as uninfected controls. Two weeks later, each group was divided into subgroupsC
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1997 Sep 29;352(1359):1377-84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98016750
Grencis RK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
Despite many years of study, relatively little is known about the effector mechanisms that operate against intestine-dwelling nematodes. Most of the current understanding comes from studies of laboratory model systems in rodents. It is clear that when an intestinal helminth infection takes place the immune system geneC
Ross SA; el Sayed KA; el Sohly MA; Hamann MT; Abdel-Halim OB; Ahmed AF; Ahmed MM
Phytochemical analyses of Geigeria alata (Benth. & Hook.) and Francoeuria crispa (Forssk., Cas.) (Asteraceae) essential oils were performed. G. alata oil showed moderate in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50, micrograms/ml against tumor cells; P388: 2.0, A-549: 2.5 and HT-29: 5.0), and also showed weak anti-HIV activity. S-C
Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B. 1997 Oct;21(4):144-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98035512
Peng WJ; Pan JT; Lai MC; Chiu CF; Lin TH; Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University,; Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
An in vivo integration assay using the expressed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) protein and plasmids carrying a copy of the infectious Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) provirus genome as substrates is presented. The HIV-1 IN gene was taken from vector pINSD and cloned into vector pXT1 t
Siegel K; Gluhoski VL; Karus D; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
To date, little empirical research on the association of coping style with mood in HIV-positive women has been carried out. The extant literature on HIV-positive men suggests that active coping is related to diminished distress while avoidant coping is associated with elevated distress. Previous research with HIV-posi
Gold RS; Skinner MJ; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria,; Australia.
734 gay men who had recently engaged in unprotected anal intercourse reported self-justifications they used at the time. A common self-justification involved a resolution to withdraw before ejaculating. Compared with other self-justifications, this resolution was associated with a last minute rather than a premedit
Hayashi M; Fukunishi I; Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of; Medicine, Japan.
This study examined what kinds of social support are related to mood states in a sample of 50 HIV-positive patients without AIDS (46 men and 4 women; M age 36.5 yr., SD = 9.8). In the early stage of HIV infection, HIV patients without AIDS may be prone to depressive symptoms although none of these HIV-positive patient
P R Health Sci J. 1997 Jun;16(2):142-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97431967
Ramirez Sola M; Vargas Molina R; Centro de Investigacion y Educacion de VIH/SIDA, Universidad de; Puerto Rico Recinto de Rio Piedras, San Juan 00936-2112.
Haller JO; Department of Radiology, State University of New York Health; Science Center at Brooklyn, USA.
This article attempts to bring the reader up to date with the latest developments concerning AIDS-related malignancies in children. As these children live longer as a result of improved therapy, malignancies of the type described will become more common and wide-spread.
Morassut S; Vaccher E; Balestreri L; Gloghini A; Gaidano G; Volpe R; Tirelli U; Carbone A; Department of Radiology, Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura a; Carattere Scientifico, Aviano (PN), Italy.
PURPOSE: To define the imaging features of body cavity-based lymphoma (BCBL) related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This is a peculiar type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma harboring infection by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and displaying a peculiar tropism for the serous body cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At di
Ghezzi PC; Dolcini GL; Gutierrez SE; Bani PC; Torres JO; Arroyo GH; Esteban EN; Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de; Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil,; Argentina.
The Cuenca Lechera Mar y Sierras (CLMS) includes about 300 dairy farms located in the counties of Tandil, Balcarce, Juarez, Ayacucho, General Pueyrredon, Gonzalez Chavez and Necochea, in the province of Buenos Aires. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of infection caused by Bovine Leukem
Coronato S; Catedra de Patologia II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad; Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
AIDS is a complex illness due to HIV type 1 and 2 infection. It is characterized by an important immunodeficiency mainly caused by depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The reasons for this depletion have not been sufficiently clarified yet. In 1986, Shy Ching Lo astonished the scientific community with reported evidence c
Kanik KS; Cash JM; Department of Medicine, University of South Florida School of; Medicine, Tampa, USA.
Most patients do not exhibit overt signs of immunosuppression. Studies cited in this article support a modest increase in the rate of bacterial respiratory and skin infections. Opportunistic infections occur rarely, however, and may be life threatening. The case for MTX carcinogenicity is less clear. The risk for mali
Dronda F; Suzacq C; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiologia Clinica,; Hospital General Penitenciario, Madrid.
BACKGROUND: Pericardial tuberculosis is an unusual presentation form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, even in HIV-1 infected patients. When complicated with cardiac tamponade the prognosis worsens; therefore, early diagnosis and therapy are essential. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out of
Rev Mal Respir. 1997 Jun;14(3):173-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98003793
Magnan A; Vervloet D; Service de Pneumo-allergologie, Hopital Sainte-Marguerite,; Marseille.
Distinguishing two populations amongst T lymphocytes, namely Th1 and Th2, has enabled a better understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases most notably immunoallergic disorders. These two populations, initially described in mice, are defined by the profile of cytokines which they produce. Th1 lymphoc
Res Vet Sci. 1997 May-Jun;62(3):287-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97445665
Cadore JL; Steiner-Laurent S; Greenland T; Mornex JF; Loire R; Laboratoire associe de recherche sur les lentivirus chez les; petits ruminants, INRA, Lyon, France.
Postmortem bronchoalveolar lavage of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats indicated an alveolitis process, and histological examination of their lungs confirmed the occurrence of alveolitis, parenchymatous lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and myomatosis. Similar lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis has been describe
Stat Med. 1997 Oct 30;16(20):2339-47. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98012454
Becker NG; Cui JS; School of Statistical Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC,; Australia.
Statistical inference for the probability distribution of a reporting delay is considered when delays are recorded only after a certain point in time tau. A method is proposed which utilizes data on incidences arising prior to tau. By a suitable choice of parameters we find explicit expressions for maximum likelihood
Stat Med. 1997 Nov 15;16(21):2429-45. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98031235
Betensky RA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Longitudinal data are commonly analysed using mixed-effects models in which the population growth curve and individual subjects growth curves are assumed to be known functions of time. Frequently, polynomial functions are assumed. In practice, however, polynomials may not fit the data and a mechanistic model that cou
Stat Med. 1997 Nov 15;16(21):2447-58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98031236
Bailey NT; Chalet Chrine, Lauenen, Switzerland.
A revised assessment of the HIV/AIDS incubation period has been made, based on an updated operational model that includes a very short early period of high infectivity, following recent work by Jacquez et al. and using AIDS incidence data from the San Francisco Department of Public Health, plus data on AIDS incidence
Stat Med. 1997 Nov 15;16(21):2459-74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98031237
Seaman SR; Brettle RP; Gore SM; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public; Health, Cambridge, U.K.
In this paper, we look at the incidence and predictive factors of pre-AIDS mortality among HIV-infected individuals, and injecting drug users (IDUs) in particular, and compare IDUs with non-IDUs. 627 patients (73 per cent IDUs) of the Edinburgh City Hospital HIV Cohort were enrolled pre-AIDS and followed up until Sept
Chollet-Bornand A; Spencer B; Dubois-Arber F; Institut universitaire de medecine sociale et preventive,; Unite d'evaluation de programmes de prevention.
Mayo J; Collazos J; Martinez E; Section of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Galdakao, Vizcaya,; Spain.
Many conditions may present as fever of unknown origin in the HIV-infected patient, and their relative frequency is influenced by multiple factors. The history and physical examination may provide some useful clues for the diagnosis. Haematological, biochemical, and conventional radiological tests are rarely diagnosti
Balslev U; Monforte AD; Stergiou G; Antunes F; Mulcahy F; Pehrson PO; Phillips A; Pedersen C; Lundgren JD; Department of Infectious Diseases, State University Hospital,; Copenhagen, Denmark.
It has consistently been reported that older AIDS patients have a shortened survival compared with younger patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this difference in survival is caused by differences in the pattern of the complicating diseases. Information on patient follow-up after the AIDS
Madebo T; Nysaeter G; Lindtjorn B; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.
Patients with HIV infection have atypical clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis; however, our knowledge on how malnutrition affects the clinical presentation is limited. We studied the influence of malnutrition and HIV infection on the clinical and radiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We studied
Benfield TL; Kharazmi A; Larsen CG; Lundgren JD; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen,; Denmark.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is accompanied by an acute inflammatory infiltration of the lung parenchyma. The cellular infiltrate is characterized by inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid has been shown to confer a
Gottesman II; Groome CS; Dept. of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; 22903, USA. iig@virginia.edu
Given both the rapid rise in the prevalence of HIV infection among adolescent and adult males (0.6%) and females (0.1%) in the United States from 1984 to 1992 and the associations among HIV, injection drug abuse, homosexuality, and sexual promiscuity, it is important to determine wheth
Schirmer M; Mur E; Pfeiffer KP; Thaler J; Konwalinka G; Department of Internal Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University; Innsbruck, Austria.
Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-CdA) is a newer purine analog with specific toxicity to lymphocytes. As lymphocytes play a major role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we assessed the safety profile of low-dose 2-CdA in patients who were refractory to more than three disease-modifying drugs. Five patients were given
Migliorati CA; Migliorati EK; Klinik fur Alters- und Behindertenzahnmedizin, Zurich.
The diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal lesions in HIV infected individuals is of importance. Oral lesions are reliable indicators of HIV infection and immunosuppression. They are important for staging HIV disease, they have been used as clinical markers in trials to test drug efficacy, and to determine the correc
Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1291-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98028750
Wong JK; Hezareh M; Gunthard HF; Havlir DV; Ignacio CC; Spina CA; Richman DD; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego,; School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
In evaluating current combination drug regimens for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, it is important to determine the existence of viral reservoirs. After depletion of CD8 cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both patients and normal donors, activation of patient CD4 lym
Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1295-300. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98028751
Finzi D; Hermankova M; Pierson T; Carruth LM; Buck C; Chaisson RE; Quinn TC; Chadwick K; Margolick J; Brookmeyer R; Gallant J; Markowitz M; Ho DD; Richman DD; Siliciano RF; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
The hypothesis that quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes carrying proviral DNA provide a reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was examined. In a study of 22 patients successfully treated with HAART for up to 30 months, replication-competent virus
Science. 1997 Nov 21;278(5342):1447-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98035780
Rosenberg ES; Billingsley JM; Caliendo AM; Boswell SL; Sax PE; Kalams SA; Walker BD; Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Unit,; Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,; Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Virus-specific CD4+ T helper lymphocytes are critical to the maintenance of effective immunity in a number of chronic viral infections, but are characteristically undetectable in chronic human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In individuals who control viremia in the absence of antiviral therapy, polyc
Science. 1997 Nov 21;278(5342):1462-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98035784
Endres MJ; Jaffer S; Haggarty B; Turner JD; Doranz BJ; O'Brien PJ; Kolson DL; Hoxie JA; Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, University; of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; endres@mail.med.upenn.edu
Retroviral vectors containing CD4 and an appropriate chemokine receptor were evaluated for the ability to transduce cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). These CD4-chemokine receptor pseudotypes were able to target HIV- and SIV-infected cell lines and monocyte-
Science. 1997 Nov 21;278(5342):1470-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98035787
Martin KA; Wyatt R; Farzan M; Choe H; Marcon L; Desjardins E; Robinson J; Sodroski J; Gerard C; Gerard NP; Perlmutter Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Department of; Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
CCR5 and CD4 are coreceptors for immunodeficiency virus entry into target cells. The gp120 envelope glycoprotein from human immunodeficiency virus strain HIV-1(YU2) bound human CCR5 (CCR5hu) or rhesus macaque CCR5 (CCR5rh) only in the presence of CD4. The gp120 from simian immunodeficiency virus strain SIVmac239 bound
South Med J. 1997 Nov;90(11):1123-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98045822
Wang MQ; Collins CB; DiClemente RJ; Wingood G; Kohler CL; Health Studies Program, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487,; USA.
BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and polydrug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) among blacks in a high-risk community. METHODS: A street sample (N = 570) from four high-risk communities in Birmingham, Alabama, was collected through personal interviews. Interviewers asked
South Med J. 1997 Nov;90(11):1136-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98045825
Ossorio MA; Fields CL; Byrd RP Jr; Roy TM; Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of; Medicine, East Tennessee State University, and Mountain Home; Veterans Administration Medical Center, 37684, USA.
Despite the impairments of cellular and humoral immunity that accompany the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, there has not been increased evidence of thoracic actinomycosis. We report on a patient with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who had pulmonary actinomycosis. We review the current ideas rega
Sex Transm Dis. 1997 Nov;24(10):582-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98045113
Carre N; Robain M; Dussaix E; Salmon-Ceron D; Meyer L; Department of Public Health/Epidemiology/Human Reproduction at; INSERM 292 (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche; Medicale), Paris, France.
BACKGROUND: Many people infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquire severe cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) diseases. Factors associated with CMV seropositivity are poorly documented in sexually active HIV-infected men. GOAL:
Wheeler DA; Infectious Diseases Physicians, Inc., INOVA Office of HIV; Services, Annandale, VA 22003, USA.
Dr. Wheeler reviews the mechanisms of HIV infection and discusses procedures and situations that place health professionals at risk. Prevention of HIV transmission, institutional management of occupational exposure, and postexposure prophylaxis are addressed.
Soc Work Health Care. 1997;25(4):1-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98046815
Kadushin G; School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; 53201, USA.
The purpose of this brief article is to describe some strategies for overcoming problems related to researching a sensitive research topic--the perceptions of gay men who are HIV+ or who have AIDS regarding the social support they receive from parents and siblings. The article discusses the rationale for the choice
The incidence of hepatitis B is increasing all over the world. The parenteral route of infection is one of the principal. A considerable number of cases are caused by infection of patients at therapeutic institutions, including dental clinics. Medical workers are at risk of the infection, too. One main cause is neglec
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Jul-Aug;91(4):438-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98040977
Cortes P; Cardenosa N; Romani J; Gallego M; Munoz C; Barrio JL; Riera C; Portus M; Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa; Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
Busch MP; Dodd RY; Lackritz EM; AuBuchon JP; Birkmeyer JD; Petersen LR; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San; Francisco, USA.
BACKGROUND: The value of screening donors for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) for the prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis has declined markedly. However, anti-HBc screening may still be useful as a surrogate marker for the window period (WP) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
Busch MP; Glynn SA; Schreiber GB; University of California, San Francisco, USA.
BACKGROUND: Concern over the theoretical possibility of disease transmission via blood from donors who develop Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has led to proposals to exclude older individuals from donating plasma for further manufacture into pooled plasma donations. The impact of extending this age-deferral policy to blood
Kostianovsky M; Greco MA; Cangiarella J; Zagzag D; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas; Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
Tenascin-C (TN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed during embryogenesis. Its distribution is restricted in normal adult tissues and is upregulated in tumors and inflammatory conditions. Twenty-five specimens were studied, including 7 reactive vascular lesions (6 cases of granulation tissue and 1 case of
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1997 Aug;58(1):1-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98001500
Saint-Andre Marchal I; Dezutter-Dambuyant C; Willett BJ; Woo JC; Moore PF; Magnol JP; Schmitt D; Marchal T; Departement Pathologie et Clinique des Carnivores Domestiques,; Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
To carry out the characterization of feline Langerhans cells (LC), first described in 1994, we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) known to react with human, canine and feline leukocyte membrane antigens (Ag). The immunolabeling was performed, at light microscope level, on frozen sections of feline skin and la
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1997 Aug;58(1):17-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98001501
Lappin MR; Dow SW; Reif JS; Chavkin MJ; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine,; Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
The purpose of this study was to assess the role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in feline uveitis by measuring IL-6 activity in the serum and aqueous humor of cats. Serum and aqueous humor was collected from clinically normal, random source cats (n = 10); clinically normal, specific-pathogen free cats experimentally inoculat
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1997 Aug;58(1):55-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98001504
McBride JW; Corstvet RE; Dietrich MA; Berry C; Brennan R; Taylor BC; Stott JL; Osburn BI; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of; Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, 95616,; USA. jwmcbride@ucdavis.edu
Bovine lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of healthy calves were simultaneously analyzed and compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens. Phenotypic differences were observed between bronchoalveolar and peripheral blood T
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1997 Sep;58(2):93-106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97477965
Guiot AL; Rigal D; Chappuis G
Unstimulated lymphocytes from FIV-infected cats undergo spontaneous apoptosis in vitro as indicated by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and hypodiploid DNA content of nuclei. Unlike what is reported in HIV-infected individuals, we observed that cell death of cat lymphocytes was inhibited by activation. Spontaneous a
Virology. 1997 Oct 27;237(2):209-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98022948
Richardson JH; Waldmann TA; Sodroski JG; Marasco WA; Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44; Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy that is associated with HTLV-I infection and characterized by constitutive expression of the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor. The alpha subunit of the high-affinity receptor (IL-2Ralpha), which is normally present only on activated T cells, is specifically u
Virology. 1997 Oct 27;237(2):228-36. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98022950
Verhoef K; Koper M; Berkhout B; Department of Human Retrovirology, University of Amsterdam,; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1100 DE, The Netherlands.
The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a potent trans-activator of transcription from the viral LTR promoter. Previous mutagenesis studies have identified domains within Tat responsible for binding to its TAR RNA target and for transcriptional activation. The minimal Tat activation domain is
Virology. 1997 Oct 27;237(2):261-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98022953
Fechner H; Blankenstein P; Looman AC; Elwert J; Geue L; Albrecht C; Kurg A; Beier D; Marquardt O; Ebner D; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin,; Luisenstrasse 56, Berlin D-10117, Germany.
Infection of cattle with the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) results in a strong permanent antibody response to the BLV antigens some weeks after infection. However, cattle may carry provirus and not have detectable antibody titers. To prove the occurrence of different BLV provirus variants in German cattle and to study t
Virology. 1997 Oct 27;237(2):349-59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98022961
Broussard SR; Comuzzie AG; Leighton KL; Leland MM; Whitehead EM; Allan JS; Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for; Biomedical Research, 7620 N.W. Loop 410 at Military Drive, San; Antonio, Texas 78228, USA.
Simian foamy viruses (SFV) are exogenous retroviruses present in most if not all nonhuman primate species. Baboons and other African monkey species are known to harbor SFVs, yet there is presently no data in regard to their genetic relationship. Here we studied SFVs from baboons as compared to other SFVs isolated from
Virology. 1997 Oct 27;237(2):397-403. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98022965
Smith RET; Niewiesk S; Booth S; Bangham CR; Daenke S; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford,; OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
Naturally occurring mutations in Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein lead to loss of recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Most of these mutations also abolish or severely impair the transactivation function of Tax. Ninety percent of the rex gene, which encodes the viral regulator of mRNA splicin
Virology. 1997 Oct 27;237(2):422-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98022968
Rabbi MF; Al-Harthi L; Roebuck KA; Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St.; Luke's Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago,; Illinois 60612, USA.
Activating protein-1 (AP-1) binding TPA responsive elements (TRE) are located downstream of the transcription initiation site in the U5 region of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). These downstream sequence elements, termed DSE, can bind both AP-1 and CREB/ATF transcription factors. Recently, we demonstrated that t
Virology. 1997 Nov 10;238(1):135-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98042450
Mwaengo DM; Grant RF; DeMartini JC; Carlson JO; Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; 80523, USA.
Ovine lentiviruses (OvLV) resemble human immunodeficiency viruses in genomic organization, viral heterogeneity, and spectrum of cytophenotypic expression. To gain a better understanding of the relationship of North American OvLV isolates with other characterized OvLV strains, the complete DNA nucleotide sequence of th
Virology. 1997 Nov 10;238(1):157-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98042452
Sparger EE; Louie H; Ziomeck AM; Luciw PA; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary; Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.; eesparger@ucdavis.edu
Establishment of infection of animals with a viral clone will be important for investigating viral determinants of pathogenesis and monitoring sequence changes in the viral genome in vivo and may find utility as a means of immunization with live-attenuated virus. To test the efficiency of intramuscular (i.m.) injectio
Virology. 1997 Nov 10;238(1):22-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98042438
Picchio GR; Sabbe RE; Gulizia RJ; McGrath M; Herndier BG; Mosier DE; Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,; California 92037, USA.
The body-cavity-based lymphoma cell line BCBL-1, which is infected with Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8, was injected alone or with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into SCID mice. Immunoblastic lymphomas developed at or near the site of injection. The lymphomas appeared to derive e
Morand-Joubert L; Vittecoq D; Roudot-Thoraval F; Mariotti M; Lefrere F; Heshmati F; Audat F; Lambin P; Barre-Sinoussi F; Lefrere JJ; Laboratoire de Virologie, Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, passive immunotherapy can be carried out through infusions of virus-inactivated plasma from symptomless HIV-infected persons with abundant HIV antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controll
Davis D; Morein B; Akerblom L; Lovgren-Bengtsson K; van Gils ME; Bogers WM; Teeuwsen VJ; Heeney JL; Molecular Immunopathology Unit, MRC Centre, Cambridge, UK.
Rhesus monkeys were successfully vaccinated using a strategy of priming with a candidate envelope subunit vaccine and boosting with synthetic peptides. Priming was carried out with recombinant HIV-1 SF2 envelope glycoprotein incorporated into ISCOMs, following the attachment of a lipid tail. Peptides, covalently linke
Rodak L; Granatova M; Vesely T; Nevorankova Z; Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova,; Brno, Czech Republic.
A sensitive and specific ELISA for the demonstration of antibodies to the protein p24 of enzootic bovine leukosis virus (EBVL) using a capture monoclonal antibody to this protein (MAb p24) was developed. The method is sensitive enough to detect the international reference serum E4/10 in pooled blood serum samples co
Walder R; Kalvatchev Z; Garzaro D; Barrios M; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (I.V.I.C.),; Centro de Microbiologia y Biologia Celular, Caracas, Venezuela.
More than 100 plant extracts from the Amazonian rain forest of Venezuela were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity against the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Aqueous extracts from Fomitella supina (S # 0389-4), Phellinus rhabarbarinus (S # 0389-
Cajigas A; Suhrland M; Harris C; Chu F; McGowan J; Golodner M; Seymour AW; Lyman WD; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, New York, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that lymph node (LN) fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may provide reliable measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease status. STUDY DESIGN: HIV+ participants in this study had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy without clinical evidence of lymphoma or nodal infecti
Poon TP; Tchertkoff V; Win H; Department of Pathology, New York Medical College-Metropolitan; Hospital Center, New York 10029, USA.
BACKGROUND: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is one of the most common opportunistic infections, with a range of 4-7% in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult, and the specific pathologic agent requires cytologic and pathologic confirmation. CASE: A 3
Lambert C; Gansler T; Mansour KA; Schwartzmann SW; Duffell GM; Gal AA; Division of Anatomic Pathology, Emory University School of; Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary malakoplakia is an uncommon disorder, with 24 previously reported cases, only 4 of which were diagnosed by bronchial washings, bronchial brushings or aspiration cytology. We report a case that was diagnosed initially by computed tomography (CT)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. CASE:
Zdero M; Cabrera G; Ponce de Leon P; Nocito I; Echenique C
We worked with 185 middle-class patients above 18 years of age, both sexes, who presented diarrhea and/or chronic gastrointestinal disorders. The faeces were collected serially in formol 10% and processed in the following way: direct microscopy, with and without wet staining, concentration by Ritchie s method, 1% safr
Velasquez JN; Carnevale S; Corti M; Di Risio C; Bramajo J; Pinto M; Labbe JH; Chertcoff A; Cabrera M; Rodriguez M; Guarnera EA; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Nacional de; Microbiologia Dr. Carlos G. Malbran, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; parasito@malbra.sld.ar
Cryptosporidium sp., a protozoa organism, has been increasingly recognized in association with severe enteritis in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The studied subjects included 84 adult patients with AIDS and chronic diarrhea. We describe 14 patients with intestinal infection caused by Cryptospor
Mentor NA; Kurane I; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical; Center, Worcester 01545, USA.
We have previously reported (Kurane et al., Arch. Virol. 110, 91-101, 1990) that human T cell leukemia and lymphoma cell lines could be infected with dengue virus. In the present study we examined whether human T lymphocytes which are not leukemia or lymphoma cells can be infected with dengue virus. Dengue virus-speci
Carini C; Guerriero M; Fratazzi C; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of interleukin-7 (IL-7) and soluble CD23 (sCD23) on Phorbol12 Myristate13 Acetate (PMA) activated CD4+ TCR alpha beta+ cells of HIV-1 infected subjects. CD23 and IL-7R were detectable on activated CD4+ T cells of these subjects by FACS. Addition on IL-7 (1000 U/ml),
Am Fam Physician. 1997 Nov 1;56(7):1763-74, 1777-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98038342
Juckett G; West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA.
Which parasites can be transmitted by household cats and dogs? Certainly a variety of potentially dangerous helminths and protozoa can be transmitted to humans from pets but, for the most part, very special conditions must be present before this occurs. Small children, pregnant women and immunocompromised persons are
Theriault A; Cohen PR; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas-Houston Medical; School 77030, USA.
Herpetic geometric glossitis, a recently described form of lingual herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, has been reported in 6 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and 1 cardiac transplant patient who was receiving immunosuppressant therapy. An HIV-seronegative immunocompromised pediatric patient with
Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Nov;92(11):1981-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98026499
Inoue T; Sakamoto M; Akahane Y; Okamoto H; Miyakawa Y; Mayumi M; First Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Medical; University, Yamanashi-Ken, Japan.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the response to interferon and capacity to induce liver disease of a putative non-A to E hepatitis virus designated GB virus C (GBV-C). METHODS: RNA of GBV-C was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with nested primers deduced from the 5 -noncoding region. It was titrated
Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Nov;92(11):2044-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98026512
Dutta SK; Ting CD; Lai LL; Department of Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Johns; Hopkins University, Maryland, USA.
OBJECTIVES: Patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease can develop pancreatic gland inflammation from HIV infection and related causes, or from factors totally independent of it. The incidence and severity acute pancreatitis in patients with HIV diseases and the frequency of associated etiological fa
Am J Hematol. 1997 Nov;56(3):161-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98037579
Toren A; Einat M; Fabian I; Nagler A; Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah University; Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Vertical transmission from mother to child occurs in 15-39% of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Stem cell transplantation has recently been suggested as a potential therapy for patients with HIV infection. We have examined the possible advantages of human cord blood (HUCB) stem cells over bo
Am J Ophthalmol. 1997 Nov;124(5):699-702. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98040001
Akduman L; Feiner MA; Olk RJ; Kaplan HJ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington; University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1096, USA.; Lakduman@pol.net
PURPOSE: To report macular ischemia as a cause of decreased vision in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: A 50-year-old man with AIDS who had previously diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus retinopathy and peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis was in
Am J Pathol. 1997 Nov;151(5):1341-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98023652
Rottman JB; Ganley KP; Williams K; Wu L; Mackay CR; Ringler DJ; LeukoSite Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
The chemokine receptor CCR5 has recently been described as a co-receptor for macrophage-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. In this study, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for human CCR5, we show by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry that CCR5 is expressed by bone-marrow-derived
Am J Pathol. 1997 Nov;151(5):1437-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98023662
Gelman BB; Wolf DA; Rodriguez-Wolf M; West AB; Haque AK; Cloyd M; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch,; Galveston 77550, USA.
In patients with HIV encephalitis, activated macrophages and microglial cells in the brain are infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Immune activation can release neurotoxic chemicals including cytokines, free radicals, autocoids, and hydrolytic enzymes. In this study, the presence of hydrolytic enzyme
Pascual DW; Coste M; Boyaka PN; Kiyono H; McGhee JR; Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman; 59717-3610, USA.
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) exhibits a number of T cell dysfunctions that develop concurrently with elevated blood pressure. Studies have shown a mitogen-induced lymphocyte suppression mediated in part by the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which stimulated NO production by macrophages. To ass
Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;154(12):1720-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98059085
Marzuk PM; Tardiff K; Leon AC; Hirsch CS; Hartwell N; Portera L; Iqbal MI; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New; York 10021, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine the HIV seroprevalence among suicide victims in New York City. METHOD: All suicides of city residents from 1991 through 1993 were studied. The crude proportion of all suicide victims who were HIV positive and the proportion adjusted to the age, gender, and racial/ethnic chara
Am J Public Health. 1997 Oct;87(10):1637-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98020215
McCusker J; Bigelow C; Frost R; Garfield F; Hindin R; Vickers-Lahti M; Lewis B; School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,; USA.
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of planned duration of residential drug abuse treatment on recovery from drug use and on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors. METHODS: Two concurrent randomized controlled trials of programs differing in planned duration were conducted: 6-month vs 12-month versi
Am J Public Health. 1997 Oct;87(10):1654-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98020218
Brancato G; Perucci CA; Abeni DD; Sangalli M; Ippolito G; Arca M; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Authority,; Rome, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to describe the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance system in Lazio, Italy , and to analyze exposure patterns and time trends of HIV serodiagnoses from January 1985 to December 1994. METHODS: A linkage procedure made it possible to identify n
Na HR; Zhu X; Stewart GL; Seelig LL Jr; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State; University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA.
Alcohol consumption has been shown to be associated with immune suppression and immune modulation. In this study, the effects of ethanol ingestion on the host immune responses to Trichinella spiralis infection and the subsequent secretion of T-helper cell-associated cytokines were investigated in rats. At the early ph
Relative affinities of transcriptional regulatory elements for their respective factor have been essentially studied by bandshift analysis. Here we report a real-time study of factor/DNA interactions using a surface plasmon resonance approach and further characterization of recovered proteins involved in this interact
Anal Biochem. 1997 Nov 15;253(2):264-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98035676
Ball JK; Curran R; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University Hospital,; Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.; jonathan.ball@nottingham.ac.uk
Wright BJ; Turner JG; Daffin P; Division of Nursing, University of Arkansas, Monticello 71656,; USA.
BACKGROUND: With widespread noncompliance to universal precautions well established, an experimental study was designed to compare the rate of universal precautions--related behaviors between nurses who participate in computer-assisted instruction. This study also explored the relationship between rates of universal p
Culver J; Employee Occupational Health Services, Emory University Hospital,; Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Disease transmission from percutaneous injury occurs in 2% to 40% of health care workers (HCWs) after exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), in 3% to 10% after exposure to the hepatitis C (HCV) virus, and in 0.2% to 0.5% after exposure to the HIV virus. According to a recently published case-control study from the C
Ann Neurol. 1997 Nov;42(5):679-88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98052459
Ellis RJ; Hsia K; Spector SA; Nelson JA; Heaton RK; Wallace MR; Abramson I; Atkinson JH; Grant I; McCutchan JA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego,; 92103, USA.
To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral burden measurements can assist in the evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, we quantified HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in CSF. Because previous findings suggested that disease stage, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and HIV-1 RNA le
Ann Neurol. 1997 Nov;42(5):689-98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98052460
McArthur JC; McClernon DR; Cronin MF; Nance-Sproson TE; Saah AJ; St Clair M; Lanier ER; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,; USA.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA levels were measured with the Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification (NASBA) assay to determine the relationship with neurological status; 37 subjects with HIV dementia (HIV-D) were compared with 77 with HIV with m
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1997;51:257-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98001516
Rondon IJ; Marasco WA; Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; isaac_rondon@dfci.harvard.edu
Intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) represent a new class of neutralizing molecules with a potential use in gene therapy. Intrabodies are engineered single-chain antibodies in which the variable domain of the heavy chain is joined to the variable domain of the light chain through a peptide linker, preserving the af
Rabussay D; Korniewicz DM; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA, USA.
The relationship between infection control standards and surgical gloving practices is an important issue in combating infectious disease. For their own and their patients protection, health care personnel must rely on the barrier qualities of gloves more than ever before. Both surgical and examination gloves fail fr
Smyth A; Tong CY; Carty H; Hart CA; St Francis Hospital, Katete, Zambia.
AIMS: To establish the prevalence and clinical correlates of HIV among children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. METHODS: Children admitted to a rural Zambian hospital were studied over an eight month period. The diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection was made clinically, according to World
Shimizu M; Higaki Y; Higaki M; Kawashima M; Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.
Epidermal basal cell injury with colloid body formation is a characteristic feature of lichen planus. Infiltrated cells are thought to be responsible for the epidermal injury. Ultrastructural findings of colloid bodies are typical of apoptosis. Granzymes in cytotoxic T lymphocytes are involved in apoptosis probably to
OBJECTIVE: To characterise the type and kinetics of T cell clones in synovial lesions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Mononuclear cells from serial samples of synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood from nine RA patients were separated phenotypically using antibody coated magnetic beads. After mR
Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Nov;64(5):1486-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98047967
Ramsheyi A; D'Attellis N; Le Lostec Z; Fegueux S; Acar C; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Broussais Hospital, Paris, France.
We report a case of partial replacement of the tricuspid valve by a mitral homograft in a young drug addict with right heart endocarditis. Operation was indicated because of sudden severe tricuspid regurgitation and persistence of vegetations despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. Partial tricuspid valve replacement
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;54(12):1130-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98062878
Croop RS; Faulkner EB; Labriola DF; DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, Del, USA.
BACKGROUND: Naltrexone hydrochloride is the first medication approved in the United States for the treatment of alcohol dependence in almost 50 years. This study was designed to collect safety data in a setting that reflected the expected clinical use of naltrexone. METHODS: This was a
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intravenous human monoclonal antibody to cytomegalovirus ( CMV ), MSL-109, as adjuvant treatment for CMV retinitis. METHODS: Two hundred nine patients with acquired immunodef
Tanimura N; Sharma JM; Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, College of Veterinary; Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
Groups of 3-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated intraocularly with two virulent and one vaccine strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). During the acute phase of infection, the bursa of Fabricius and cecal tonsil were examined by immunohistochemistry for IBDV antigen and T cell. With all t
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997 Aug;37(3):329-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97466079
Taneepanichskul S; Sirinavin S; Phuapradit W; Chaturachinda K; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine,; Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
In Thailand , the prevalence of paediatric HIV-1 infection has increased rapidly through vertical transmission. According to the ACTG 076 trial regimen, zidovudine treatment in HIV-infected pregnancy can reduce vertical transmission. However, this treatment is complex and costly.
Kotchick BA; Summers P; Forehand R; Steele RG; University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
The relationships among illness stress, perceived support, and child psychosocial adjustment were examined for children living with a chronically ill father. Participants included fathers, mothers, and one child from 53 families in which the father had hemophilia and, in some cases, was HIV seropositive. Objective ind
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Oct 29;239(3):715-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98042459
Nakamura T; Masuda T; Goto T; Sano K; Nakai M; Harada S; Department of Biodefense and Medical Virology, Kumamoto; University School of Medicine, Japan.
The integrase (IN) encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is required for integration of the viral DNA into a host cell chromosome. The function of the highly conserved HHCC motif in the HIV-1 IN amino-terminal zinc finger-like domain is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of mutations
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Oct 29;239(3):884-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98042488
Mori T; Shoemaker RH; McMahon JB; Gulakowski RJ; Gustafson KR; Boyd MR; Laboratory of Drug Discovery Research and Development, National; Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a novel 11-kDa anti-HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) protein that binds with high affinity to the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. In contrast to soluble CD4 and most known neutralizing antibodies that bind gp120, CV-N exerts potent anti-viral activity against primary clinical HIV isolates as
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Nov 7;240(1):112-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98042527
Mankertz J; Nundel M; von Baeyer H; Riedel E; Institut fur Biochemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany.; mankertz@zedat.fu-berlin.de
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are internalised by the LDL receptor, which is expressed on the surface of eucaryotic cells. Metabolisation and chemical modification of LDLs lead to a shift in receptor affinity: modified LDLs are internalised through scavenger receptors, which are expressed on cells of the monocyte/ ma
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Nov 17;240(2):257-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98049817
Sova P; Chao W; Volsky DJ; Molecular Virology Laboratory, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital; Center, New York, New York 10019, USA.
HIV-1 Vif has two conserved cysteine residues in positions 114 and 133, both of which were found to be essential for HIV-1 infection and for Vif function in transcomplementation assays (X-Y. Ma, P. Sova, W. Chao, and D. J. Volsky, 1994, J. Virol. 68: 1714-1720). We evaluated here the redox status and disulfide bond fo
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Nov 17;240(2):496-501. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98049862
Ishikawa Y; Yokoo T; Kitamura M; Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School,; United Kingdom.
Oxidant stress is a trigger of cell death in various cell types. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced mesangial cell death with nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation typical of apoptosis. To explore molecular mechanisms involved in this process, redox-sensitive transacting molecules, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nu
Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Nov 1;54(9):979-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/98040574
Di Vito M; Bozzi A; Ferretti A; Cianfriglia M; Barca S; Signoretti C; Lenti L; d'Agostino F; Strom R; Podo F; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,; Italy.
This paper reports the results of 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on the uptake and phosphorylation of 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) in the human CD4+ T-lymphoblastoid cell line CCRF-CEM (CEM-1.3) and in its AZT-resistant cell v
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