Positron emission tomography images of AIDS pathogenesis.

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1997. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Positron emission tomography images of AIDS pathogenesis.

Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927020
Pauza CD; Pyzalski R; Perlman SB; Hanson J; Sossmann J; Scharko AM; Graziano FM; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI. Fax: (608) 262-9148.

Abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) with radiolabelled-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) radiographic imaging technique that identifies issues with highest metabolic activation. During HIV or SIV infection, very high rates of glucose uptake in virus infected lymphoid tissues distinguished these sites from unaffected tissues and organs. FDG/PET studies in HIV-infected patients (n=27) showed enlarged and activated spleens in acutely infected patients without CD4 depletion, and distinguished acute infection from both peripheral generalized lymphadenopathy or long term nonprogressing infection. Late disease stages were typified by loss of peripheral lymphoid tissues and activation of abdominal lymphoid tissue sites including tissues associated with the ileocaecal region. FDG/PET was also used to monitor patterns of tissue activation in acutely infected rhesus macaques (n=8). Animals were inoculated with pathogenic SHIV89.6P by rectal, vaginal or intravenous exposure and examined by PET imaging 3 to 14 days later. A unique FDG/PET pattern showed that virus inoculation induced substantial tissue activation in advance of florid virus replication and the primary activation sites were distant to the portal of virus entry. Activation of axillary and cervical lymph nodes was the most immediate consequence of rectal inoculation and was followed by iliac lymph node activation that was in turn followed by inguinal lymph node activation. FDG/PET provides a noninvasive method for assessing the effects of HIV infection on lymphoid tissue activation and can be used to characterize early pathways for virus dissemination, to monitor disease progression, or to evaluate the protective effects of treatment or vaccination.

Keywords: *HIV Infections/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING
971130
M97B1198

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