1997

Both ends burning : working with people with AIDS. [videorecording]: New York, NY : The Association, c1994 1 videocassette (14 min.) : sd., col. with b&w ; 1/2 in. + 1 guide (24 p.) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9710354; Grossman J; (Producer) This new video is aimed at healthcare and social service workers, at all levels, who confront the enormously high stress levels which go with AIDS-related jobs. Through an intriguing combination of dramatization and interviews, it touches on the wide variety of personal fears and ambivalent feelings exper
AIDS, an advanced clinical update. [videorecording]: Arlington, Va. : National Hospice Organization, c1995 2 videocassettes : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 guide Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9710770; Grothe T
Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS. [videorecording]: Philadelphia, PA : Lippincott-Raven, c1997 1 videocassette : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 guide (7 p.) (Lippincott's pathophysiology series) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9708899
HIV chiryo manyuaru. Dai 1-han.: Kawasaki-shi : HIV Kansensha Hassho Yobo, Chiryo ni Kansuru Kenkyuhan, c1992 101 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9615896
AIDS : a terra sem manha e o sol sem planetas (as explosoes atomicas dos T4 por um virus radioativo).: Brasilia : Senado Federal, Centro Grafico, 1993 91 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9442442; Castro LP
Objetivos, estrategias e acoes.: [Brasilia?] : Ministerio da Saude, 1993 38 leaves : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9442445
Eizu taisaku kankei horei tsuchishu : eizu taisaku hikkei. Heisei 5-nenban.: Tokyo : Eizu Yobo Zaidan : Hatsubaimoto Koken Shuppan Kabushiki Kaisha, Heisei 5 [1993] 233 p. : ill. ; 26 cm Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9715013
Corpo a corpa contra a AIDS.: Rio de Janeiro : Revinter, c1994 119 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9437069; Sa CA
Australasian Society for HIV Medicine 6th Annual Conference : together with the National Centre in HIV Virology Research and the Australian Nurses in AIDS Group : Manly Pacific Parkroyal NSW, 3-6 November 1994.: [Sydney?] : ASHM, [1994?] 306 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9705855
HIV-Infektionen durch Blut und Blutprodukte : Bericht des 3. Untersuchungsausschusses des 12. Deutschen Bundestages.: Bonn : Deutscher Bundestag, Referat Offentlichkeitsarbeit, 1995 671 p. : port (Zur Sache ; 1/95) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9702614
AIDS/STD health promotion exchange. 1995, no. 1-: Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Royal Tropical Institute ; [Zimbabwe] : Southern Africa AIDS Information Dissemination Service, [1995- v. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9602418
Infection par le VIH et sida : prevention, connaissances medicales, enjeux sociaux, vie quotidienne, pratiques professionnelles. 6. ed.: Montargis : MNH, 1995 159 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9705707; Chambon J
Iryo jujisha no tame no eizu. Dai 1-han.: Tokyo : Nanzando, 1995 v, 183 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9606893; Tadano J
Harm reduction in prison : strategies against drugs, AIDS, and risk behaviour = Risikominderung im Gefangnis : Strategien gegen Drogen, AIDS, und Risikoverhalten.: Bern : Peter Lang, c1997 264 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9711231; Nelles J; Fuhrer A
Jenner on trial : an ethical examination of vaccine research in the age of smallpox and the age of AIDS.: Lanham, Md. : University Press of America, c1997 98 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9709444; Jenner E
Troubling the angels : women living with HIV/AIDS.: Boulder, Colo : Westview Press, 1997 xxix, 252 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9711460; Lather PA; Smithies C
AIDS in Nepal : communities confronting an emerging epidemic.: New York : AmFAR : Published in association with Seven Stories Press, c1997 208 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9711112; Hannum J; International AIDS Program
Human rights and public health in the AIDS pandemic.: New York : Oxford University Press, 1997 xvii, 212 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9710153; Gostin LO; Lazzarini Z
Manual of HIV/AIDS therapy. 1997 ed. / Douglas C. Princeton, Paul D. Chan.: Laguna Hills, Calif. : Current Clinical Strategies Pub., 1997 101 p (Current clinical strategies) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9710260; Princeton DC; Chan PD
Cancer, AIDS, and quality of life.: New York : Plenum Press, c1997 xiii, 198 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9711980; Levy JA; Jasmin C; Bez G; Conference
Nutrition and HIV : a new model for treatment. Rev. and updated ed.: San Francisco : Jossey-Bass Publishers, c1998 Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9715003; Romeyn M
Das AIPP : ein AIDS-Praventionsprogramm fur Drogenabhangige : Therapiemanual. 1. Aufl.: Baltmannsweiler : Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, c1995 87 p IFT-Materialien, ISSN 0177-8870 ; 11) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9617868; Fahrner E
Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with the intraocular ganciclovir implant.: Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1997 Jun;8(3):8-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97401918; Anand R; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75231, USA.; The treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV-R) has improved considerably in the past two years. Local ocular therapy has proved to be effective and provides significant advantages over systemic therapy with regards to better control, preventing progression, avoiding bone marrow
Modelling the cost effectiveness of lamivudine/zidovudine combination therapy in HIV infection.: Pharmacoeconomics. 1997 Jul;12(1):54-66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97386044; Chancellor JV; Hill AM; Sabin CA; Simpson KN; Youle M; Glaxo Wellcome UK Ltd, Uxbridge, Middlesex, England. jc16268@ggr.co.uk; The use of combination antiretroviral therapy is supported by clinical evidence for its superiority over monotherapy. Lamivudine ( 3TC ) has been studied in combination with zidovudine
Patient management and use of medication in long-term care.: Health Care Manag. 1997 Jun;3(1):77-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97415197; Leibovici MM; New York University, Goldwater Memorial Hospital, Roosevelt Island,; New York 10044, USA.; The pharmacotherapeutic approach to patient management in long-term care is fraught with uncertainties and perils, including overprescription, overmedication, and adverse drug events as well as escalating costs. The author argues for alternative protocols that emphasize behavior modification, exercise, supervised hydr
Dispatch and confidentiality.: Emerg Med Serv. 1997 Aug;26(8):28-35, 44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97418701; Cross J; Infection Control/Emerging Concepts, Springfield, VA, USA.
The empowerment zone. Clinic helps women with HIV recover--or discover--self-esteem.: Volunt Leader. 1996 Winter;37(4):10-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97415247; Larson L
AIDS morbidity and the role of the family in patient care in Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:1-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421460; Ntozi JP; Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala,; Uganda.; Extended families and clans in African societies have extensive systems of treatment and patient management which can be used with AIDS sufferers. This paper used data from a baseline survey of six districts to study patient care in Uganda . The levels of AIDS illness are high, and
Screening for HIV I through the regional blood transfusion service in southwest Uganda: the Mbarara experience.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:101-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421467; Rukundo H; Tumwesigye N; Wakwe VC; Department of Pathology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology,; Uganda.; Antibody screening for HIV has reduced transmission of AIDS by blood transfusion. Of the 12,768 units of blood donated to the Mbarara Regional Blood Bank between January 1992 and December 1994, 577 were found to be HIVI-positive using the ELISA technique. Percentage of positivity decreased from 5.4 in 1992 to 3.9 in 1
The psychological effect of orphanhood: a study of orphans in Rakai district.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:105-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421468; Sengendo J; Nambi J; Faculty of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala.; This paper examines the psychological effect of orphanhood in a case study of 193 children in Rakai district of Uganda . Studies on orphaned children have not examined the psychological impact. Adopting parents and schools have not provided the emotional support these children often
Widowhood, remarriage and migration during the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:125-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421469; Ntozi JP; Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala,; Uganda.; Recently the levels of widowhood have increased in countries of sub-Saharan Africa that are afflicted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper reviews the cultures of several societies in Uganda in relation to the treatment of widows. Using a data set based on a sample of 1797 househol
Fertility levels and trends in the face of the AIDS epidemic in Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:145-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421470; Ntozi JP; Nakanaabi IM; Lubaale YA; Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala,; Uganda.; The paper uses data on ever-married women interviewed in 1992 and 1995 surveys in six districts of Uganda . Total fertility rates declined during the inter-survey period from 7.3 to 6.0. Women in households that experienced AIDS-related deaths had lower fertility levels than women i
HIV/AIDS, change in sexual behaviour and community attitudes in Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:157-74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421471; Ntozi JP; Kirunga CT; Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala,; Uganda.; The spread of HIV/AIDS is mostly through sexual intercourse and is largely influenced by behaviour and attitude. Data based on a sample of 1797 households are used to study changes in sexual behaviour and attitudes sickness and death in Ugandan communities, which were due to the realization that too many deaths were o
Socio-economic determinants of HIV serostatus: a study of Rakai District, Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:175-88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421472; Kirunga CT; Ntozi JP; Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala,; Uganda.; The objective of the study was to establish the extent to which socio-economic status affects the acquisition of HIV. Data were collected in 1992 from 1784 respondents in Rakai district by the Rakai Project, with results for HIV serology and information on demographic, socio-economic and some behavioural variables. Le
The AIDS epidemic and infant and child mortality in six districts of Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:189-205. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421473; Ntozi JP; Nakanaabi IM; Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala,; Uganda.; Several studies in sub-Saharan Africa have associated infant and child mortality with the AIDS epidemic in the region. The paper uses retrospective survey data of six districts in the east, south and west of Uganda to study infant and child mortality, which increased in the 1980s p
AIDS mortality in Uganda: circumstances, factors and impact of death.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:207-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421474; Ntozi JP; Lubaale YM; Nakanaabi IM; Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala,; Uganda.; HIV/AIDS is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease affects the most sexually active adults of the population, who belong to the most productive age groups, and some of whom are breadwinners. The paper uses data from a baseline survey of six districts of Uganda to stud
Livelihood and the risk of HIV/AIDS infection in Ghana: the case of female itinerant traders.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:225-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421475; Anarfi JK; Appiah EN; Awusabo-Asare K; Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of; Ghana, Legon.; Itinerant trading is the second major economic activity for women who constitute an important chain in the distribution of goods in West Africa. Historically they have played important roles in the political economy of Ghana . With the outbreak of AIDS these women, some of whom move
Effect of AIDS on children: the problem of orphans in Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:23-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421461; Ntozi JP; Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala,; Uganda.; The problem of orphans is serious in sub-Saharan Africa and has been increasing with the deaths of both parents from AIDS. A study of six districts of Uganda conducted in 1992 investigated the problem. Almost all the orphans are cared for by their extended family members who made t
Health-seeking behaviour of persons with HIV/AIDS in Ghana.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:243-56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421476; Awusabo-Asare K; Anarfi JK; Department of Geography, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.; Historically, diseases whose aetiology could not be readily explained have been given supernatural explanations among the various ethnic groups in Ghana . Now HIV infection, with no known cure and origin, has been given a supernatural explanation. Such an explanation of disease causa
Postpartum sexual abstinence in the era of AIDS in Ghana: prospects for change.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:257-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421477; Awusabo-Asare K; Anarfi JK; Department of Geography, University of Cape Coast.; Postpartum sexual abstinence for females has been identified as one of the socio-cultural factors with the potential for creating conditions for the sexual spread of HIV in areas where it is practised. In general, women are expected to abstain from sex after childbirth in order to ensure the survival of the mother and
Attitudes to and management of HIV/AIDS among health workers in Ghana: the case of Cape Coast municipality.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:271-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421478; Awusabo-Asare K; Marfo C; Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.; Health Care Workers as key players in the prevention and management of diseases and important opinion and community leaders have become targets for studies, more so with the outbreak of HIV. Their perceptions, attitudes and practices have implications for the management of diseases in both health centres and communiti
Vulnerability to sexually transmitted disease: street children in Accra.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:281-306. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421479; Anarfi JK; Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of; Ghana, Legon.
Women's role in reproductive health decision making and vulnerability to STD and HIV/AIDS in Ekiti, Nigeria.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:329-36. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421482; Orubuloye IO; Oguntimehin F; Sadiq T; Department of Sociology, Ondo State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.; An exploratory study of women s role in reproductive decision making in Ekiti shows that women in the state are increasingly taking active decisions on matters affecting their daily lives. More women than ever before believed that they could take decisions on family size, when to have a baby and choice of spacing peri
'Main' girlfriends, girlfriends, marriage, and money: the social context of HIV risk behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:361-75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421484; Meekers D; Calves AE; Department of Population Dynamics, School of Hygiene and Public; Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA.; Research on African societies documents the magnitude of the AIDS epidemic, and shows that at younger ages women are more likely to be affected than men. Young African women are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection because sexual relations with men are an important means to achieve social and economic status, and
Men, women and the trouble with condoms: problems associated with condom use by migrant workers in rural Zambia.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:377-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421485; Bond V; Dover P; Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Hull University, UK.; Understanding cultural attitudes to condoms is of the utmost importance in promoting their use as a means of protection against HIV transmission. This article examines condom use in relation to what people see as the purpose of sex, what good sex entails and how this relates to ideas of being a proper woman or man. It
Using rapid research to develop a national strategy to assist families affected by AIDS in Tanzania.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:393-420. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421486; Hunter S; Kaijage F; Maack P; Kiondo A; Masanja P; USAID, Dar es Salaam, Department of History, University of Dar es; Salaam.; Although information on African family adaptation to the AIDS epidemic is critical to planning and managing government, donor and NGO programs of assistance, current knowledge is limited to a small number of research studies. An AIDS prevention project in Tanzania undertook a rap
A three-year follow-up survey of demographic changes in a Ugandan town on the trans-African highway with high HIV-1 seroprevalence.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:41-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421462; Pickering H; Nunn AJ; Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe.; A 1991 serosurvey in a Ugandan trading town on the trans-African highway reported a 40 per cent HIV-1 prevalence in adults. Three years later in a repeat survey of the 531 adults resident in 1991, 279 (53%) were still present, 196 (37%) had left and 56 11%) had died. There were 138 new residents and 46 children had be
Awareness and knowledge of AIDS among Indian women: evidence from 13 states.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:421-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421487; Balk D; Lahiri S; Program on Population, East-West Center, Honolulu.; Over 30,000 ever-married women in 13 (out of 25) Indian states where HIV is thought to be highly prevalent-Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and ten other less populous states-were surveyed about their awareness and knowledge of AIDS. Only one in six women had heard of AIDS. Among those, knowledge about transmissi
Determinants of extramarital sex in the Philippines.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:467-79. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421488; Ahlburg DA; Jensen ER; Perez AE; Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota, USA.; Understanding the factors associated with sexual behaviour is critical in slowing the spread of HIV in the Philippines , where sexual transmission accounts for most HIV infections, with the majority from heterosexual activity. Further, unprotected sex is common, as is sex with
What do school children and teachers in rural Maharashtra think of AIDS and sex?: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:481-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421489; Verma RK; Sureender S; Guruswamy M; International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai,; India.; This paper discusses findings on issues related to sex and AIDS based on focus-group discussions conducted among students and teachers in the rural areas of Maharashtra. Most students were not sure whether AIDS could affect them, or how it could be contracted; some standard IX girl students stated the need for sex edu
Serial marriages and AIDS in Masaka District.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:49-66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421463; Adeokun LA; Nalwadda RM; Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, Makerere University,; Kampala, Uganda.; In the process of studying the functioning of households under the conditions of the AIDS epidemic in the districts of Masaka, Kabarole and Rukungiri, information was collected on the marital history of persons aged 12 years and above who had ever been involved in a regular union or marriage. That information allows t
The role of the environment in the sexual activity of school students in Tororo and Pallisa Districts of Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:67-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421464; Twa-Twa JM; Uganda Medical and Dental Practitioners Council, Wandegeya, Uganda.; Several models of adolescent sexual activity have previously been published and most of them suggest two basic components, biological and sociological. This article highlights important environmental factors in shaping the sexual behaviour of the school-going youth in Uganda . Stude
Underlying factors in female sexual partner instability in Kampala.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:83-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421465; Twa-Twa J; Nakanaabi I; Sekimpi D; Uganda Medical and Dental Practitioners Council, Wandegeya, Uganda.; Divorced or separated persons are more likely to be infected with HIV than those in marital unions: sexual partner instability appears to have significant implications in STD/HIV transmission. While this appears empirically true, most current STD/HIV preventive strategies do not seem to address partner instability as
Adolescent sexual networking and HIV transmission in rural Uganda.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:89-100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421466; Konde-Lule JK; Sewankambo N; Morris M; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.; Information on 861 adolescents shows that in 1991 36 per cent reported having been sexually active in the previous 12 months, but only 6.2 per cent had ever used a condom (11% males, 2.4% females). The HIV infection rate was 5.9 per cent overall, 0.8 per cent in males and 9.9 per cent in females. The proportion sexual
Ganciclovir. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use as intravenous or oral maintenance therapy in the management of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS.: Pharmacoeconomics. 1997 Aug;12(2):209-28. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97401945; Perry CM; Davis R; Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz; Cytomegalovirus retinitis, an opportunistic infection caused by the herpesvirus cytomegalovirus , is a major cause of illness in patients with advanced AIDS. As infected patients require long term drug treatment to delay disease progression and minimise loss of vision, the disease i
Ganciclovir. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use as intravenous or oral maintenance therapy in the management of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS.: Pharmacoeconomics. 1997 Aug;12(2 Pt 1):209-28. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421514; Perry CM; Davis R; Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz; Cytomegalovirus retinitis, an opportunistic infection caused by the herpesvirus cytomegalovirus , is a major cause of illness in patients with advanced AIDS. As infected patients require long term drug treatment to delay disease progression and minimise loss of vision, the disease i
Management of HIV-/HBV-exposed healthcare workers. Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA.: In: Healthcare Risk Control. Volume 4. Plymouth Meeting, PA : ECRI, 1996. 19 p. (Infection control ; no. 6.2) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97620663
Liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive fungal infections.: Bristol, England : U.K. National Health Service, South and West Regional Health Authority, 1995. 12 p. (Development and evaluation committee report ; no. 37) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97620731; Bliss E; Directorate (U.K.); Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, England.; http://www.epi.bris.ac.uk/rd/publicat/dec/dec37.htm).; (1) Invasive fungal infection arises from immunocompromisation associated usually with cancer or leukaemia or immuno-suppressive therapy perhaps in the context of transplantation, or AIDS. (2) Sufficiently high doses of conventional amphotericin B are often not possible for reasons of toxicity and renal impairment.
Protecting the physician in HIV misdiagnosis cases.: Duke Law J. 1996 Nov;46(2):431-59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97620803; Schmid CA
Hospital care for persons with AIDS in the European Union.: Health Policy. 1997 Aug;41(2):157-76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97417143; Postma MJ; Tolley K; Leidl RM; Downs AM; Beck EJ; Tramarin AM; Flori YA; Santin M; Antonanzas F; Kornarou H; Paparizos VC; Dijkgraaf MG; Borleffs J; Luijben AJ; Jager JC; Department of Public Health Forecasting, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.; This study estimates the current and future hospital resources for AIDS patients in the European Union (EU), using multinational scenario analysis (EU Concerted Action BMH1-CT-941723). In collaboration with another EU-project ( Managing the Costs of HIV Infection ), six national European studies on the utilization of
Aspects of male circumcision in sub-equatorial African culture history.: Health Transit Rev. 1997;7 Suppl:337-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97421483; Marck J; Health Transition Centre, National Centre for Epidemiology and; Population Health, Australian National University.; This paper describes the general cultural background of male circumcision for the Bantu speaking peoples of sub-equatorial Africa. Where the contemporary cultural context of male circumcision is now variable and often transformed amongst groups who continue the practice, traditional practices were commonly of a partic
Identification of a novel mitochondrial dNTP carrier and its interaction with anti-HIV nucleoside analogs (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 38:A414 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97620923; Bridges EG; Jiang ZL; Cheng YC; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06410; Recent clinical and laboratory findings suggest damage to mitochondrial function as a mechanism of toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analog (nsa s). Though mitochondria contain kinases that can phosphorylate nucleosides, our previous studies suggest the nsa-triphosphates (nsa-TPs) that inhibit mitochondrial DNA replica
Effects of standard chemotherapy regimens on HIV plasma RNA levels in patients with HIV-associated malignancies (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A193 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621065; Lyter DW; Beckman EJ; AIDS Malignancy Program, Illinois Masonic Cancer Center, Chicago, IL; Numerous studies have suggested that plasma levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA are strongly associated with HIV disease progression. Currently, the impact of new anti-retroviral regimens on HIV RNA levels and HIV prognosis are being studied intensively. However, very little is known about the effects of
Pilot trial of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, etoposide + antiretrovirals + G-CSF + erythropoietin in AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: CALGB 9155 (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A195 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621067; Feigal EG; Petroni GR; Freter C; Johnson JL; Barcos M; Peterson BA; CALGB, Chicago, IL; Forty-six patients with previously untreated histologically confirmed intermediate and high-grade AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) entered CALGB s first trial in AIDS-malignancies evaluating escalating doses of cyclophosphamide(C), doxorubicin(H), vincristine(O), predni
Complete response to fludarabine in a patient with multifocal gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A1066 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621091; Neuman J; Ray D; Mehta K; Gruber T; Aquino M; Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ; Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extranodal non-Hodgkin s B-Cell lymphoma usually localized to a specific tissue in a given patient. Sites of tissue involvement may include the gastrointestinal tract (usually the stomach), salivary glands, thyroid, thymus, lung, liver, orbital tissue, conjunctiv
Patients with advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS) no longer require systemic therapy after introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A162 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621035; Volm MD; Wernz J; Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY; Although patients with early EKS are managed with local therapy, those with advanced disease require systemic treatment with interferon or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Most patients respond to systemic therapy, however, in the past nearly all have required chronic long term therapy to control their disease. With the advent
Liposomal encapsulated daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A189 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621061; Gill PS; Wernz J; Myers A; Scadden D; Espina B; Mukwaya G; Sandhaus R; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; An open-label Phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in 53 patients with AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Forty-eight patients (91%) had pulmonary KS diagnosed by bronchoscopy and/or l
A randomized comparative trial of Doxil versus bleomycin and vincristine (BV) in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A190 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621062; Stewart JS; Jablonowsky H; Goebel FD; L'age M; Spittle M; Opravi M; Doxil Trial Group; St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK; Introduction: Kaposi s Sarcoma remains prevalent in patients with AIDS and systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy is frequently necessary for those patients with the more severe manifestations of this disease. Combinations of bleomycin and vincristine (BV), with or without addition of doxorubicin, (ABV) remain the most commo
Comparison study of liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) alone or with bleomycin and vincristine (DBV) for treatment of advanced AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS): AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) protocol 286 (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A191 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621063; Mitsuyasu R; yon Roenn J; Krown S; Kaplan L; Testa M et al; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) is a safe and effective treatment for pts with advanced AIDS-KS. The addition of other chemotherapy drugs to DOX might increase KS tumor response, but might also lower tolerance of therapy. To test this, the ACTG performed a phase III study comparing DOX to DBV in advanced-stage A
Cultured endothelial cells (ECs) can be infected by human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8), the possible etiologic agent for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A192 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621064; Arlen PM; Offermann MK; Emory University, Department of Medicine and Winship Cancer Center,; Atlanta, GA; KS is a multifocal vascular lesion characterized by abnormal proliferation of endothelial-like KS cells. As the most common neoplasm affecting AIDS patients, a much higher rate is observed in homosexual men than other risk groups, suggesting a sexually transmitted cofactor. Recently genomic sequences of a novel herpes
Prospective, multicenter phase II trial of ABVD chemotherapy with G-CSF in HIV-infected patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD): AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) study 149 (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 16:A194 1997. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97621066; Levine AM; Cheung T; Huang J; Testa M; USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Although HD is not considered an AIDS-defining diagnosis, recent studies suggest a statistically increased incidence of HD in HIV infected persons (Lyter, JCO; 13:2540 1995). No large prospective trials are yet published regarding the results of standard ABVD chemotherapy (Bonadonna, Cancer; 36:252 1975) in HIV infect
A subpopulation of immature blood dendritic cells is highly susceptible to infection by macrophage-tropic HIV-1.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:18. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927010; Crawford K; Alper C; Shi B; Vasir D; Gabuzda D; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA. Fax: (617) 632-3113.; Dendritic cells (DC) are unique antigen-presenting cells that are widely distributed in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Previous studies have suggested that DC play an important role in the transmission of HIV-1 to T cells. However, controversy exists regarding whether DC are directly susceptible to HIV-1 infection
A sensitive microtiter infectivity assay for macrophage-tropic and primary isolates of HIV-1 based on the transactivation of a stably integrated gene for the green fluorescent protein.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:19. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927011; Tan GT; Honnen WJ; Kayman SC; Pinter A; Laboratory of Retroviral Biology, Public Health Research Institute,; New York, NY. Fax: (212) 578-0804.; Reporter cell lines for the quantitative assay of HIV infectivity were developed using HOS cells rendered susceptible to HIV infection by transfection of genes for CD4, and either CCR5 or CXCR4 as the respective coreceptor for macrophage-tropic and T cell tropic HIV isolates. This 96-well microtiter assay is based on
Differential regulation of HIV-1 fusion cofactor expression by CD28 costimulation of CD4+ T cells.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927012; June CH; Riley JL; Levine BL; Feng Y; Kaushal S; Ritchey DW; Bernstein W; Weislow OS; Berger EA; St. Louis DC; Carroll RG; Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research,; Bethesda, MD. Fax: (301) 295-6484.; A potent anti-viral effect was found to be mediated by certain forms of CD28 signal transduction. CD28 receptor costimulation can lead to polyclonal expansion of CD4+ cells from HIV-infected donors during cell culture. Moreover, CD28 stimulation rendered CD4+ cells from uninfected donors highly resistant to HIV-1 infe
Infection of cats with FIV by injection with cloned proviral DNA.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927015; Sparger EE; Louie H; Ziomeck AM; Luciw PA; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of; California, Davis, CA. Fax: (916) 752-0414.; Establishment of infection of animals with a viral clone is important for investigating viral determinants of pathogenesis and monitoring sequence changes in the viral genome in vivo, and may find utility as a means of immunization with live-attenuated virus. To test the efficiency of intramuscular (IM) injection of c
HIV-1 subtypes differ in disease progression.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927016; Kanki P; Hamel D; Sankale JL; Hsieh CC; Thior I; Essex M; Mboup S; Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston, MA. Fax: (617) 432-3575.; Much of our knowledge of HIV-1 pathogenesis comes from the developed world, where HIV infection is almost exclusively due to subtype B. The recognition of the different HIV-1 subtypes, have led many to question whether properties of HIV-1 infection and its consequences as a whole can be generalized among different sub
HIV seroconverters in domestic HIVNET studies: clinical, epidemiologic, virologic and immunologic findings in primary HIV infection.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:27. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927017; Celum CL; Sheppard HW; Donnell D; Wilson SE; Douglas J; Mayer K; Flores J; Marmor M; Buchbinder SP; Seattle HIVNET, Seattle, WA. Fax: (206) 521-5828.; HIVNET is an NIH-funded multi-site HIV prevention trials network. HIVNET studies include a phase II vaccine trial in conjunction with AVEG, microbicide, perinatal and behavioral intervention trials with biologic outcomes. In the HIVNET Vaccine Preparedness Study, 8 domestic sites enrolled 4892 high-risk HIV-negative g
Tracking the replication of lentiviral quasi-species in vivo at single-cell resolution.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927018; Haase A; Reinhart T; Rogan M; Amedee AM; Murphey-Corb M; Rausch D; Eiden L; Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.; Fax: (612) 626-0623.; Transmission of HIV and SIV is accompanied by striking reductions in the genetic diversity of viruses that comprise the donor quasi-species. To understand how replication of individual viral genotypes in particular types of cells or anatomic sites might reshape the population we have devised an experimental approach t
Early pathogenesis of SIV genital transmission.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927019; Preston A; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Tuxedo, NY. Fax: (914) 351-2015.; The rhesus (Rh) macaque genital transmission model uses simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to address early steps of pathogenesis, vaccine protection and co-factors of transmission. Dual tropic SIVmac, readily crosses the intact epithelium of the penile urethra, vagina or rectum. Dual tropic simian-human immunodefici
Positron emission tomography images of AIDS pathogenesis.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927020; Pauza CD; Pyzalski R; Perlman SB; Hanson J; Sossmann J; Scharko AM; Graziano FM; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI. Fax: (608) 262-9148.; Positron emission tomography (PET) with radiolabelled-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) radiographic imaging technique that identifies issues with highest metabolic activation. During HIV or SIV infection, very high rates of glucose uptake in virus infected lymphoid tissues distinguished these sites from unaffected tissues and
Phenotypic and immunologic changes in SIVMne variants that emerge in association with progression to AIDS are determined by multiple changes in gag and env.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927021; Kimata JT; Chackerian B; Rudensey L; Overbaugh J; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.; Fax: (206) 543-8297.; In infected macaques, SIVMne evolves from a M-tropic, slowly replicating, minimally cytopathic, nonsyncytium-inducing virus slow-low/NSI) to a T-tropic, rapidly replicating, highly cytopathic, syncytium-inducing virus population (rapid-high/SI) in association with the progression to AIDS. During the course of infectio
Post entry determinants of primate lentivirus infectivity.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927022; Stevenson M; Brichacek B; Jacque JM; Mann A; Sleigh R; Sharkey M; Sharova N; Lifson J; Hahn B; Hirsch V; University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Molecular Genetics and; Microbiology, Worcester, MA.; Following fusion of viral with host cell membranes, viral nucleic acids are transported to the host cell nucleus where integration of viral with host cell DNA occurs. We have previously demonstrated that the structural gagMA protein and the Vpr/Vpx proteins are important in allowing viral nucleic acids to access the h
HIV-1 inhibitory activity of CD8+ cell supernatants is distinct from that of RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927026; Klotman ME; Mosoian A; Teixeira A; Sperber K; Piwoz J; Caron E; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 534-3240.; CD8+ supernatant (sups)inhibition of HIV-1 replication in lymphocytes is at least partially due to the chemokines (ccs) RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta. To further define the inhibitory activity of CD8+ sups we compared the inhibitory activity of transformed CD8+ cells with that of recombinant chemokines. Sups from H
HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927027; Clerici M; Mazzoli S; Trabattoni D; Lo Caputo S; Meacci F; Ble C; Tofani N; Ruzzante S; Fusi ML; Semplici F; Villa ML; Mazzotta F; Centro M.S.T./U.O. Malattie Infettive, Ospedale S.M. Annunziata,; Cattedra di Immunologia, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milano,; Italy.; HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity was analyzed in 15 heterosexual couples discordant for human immunodeficiency virus HIV) serostatus and in 50 randomly selected and presumably HIV- not exposed healthy controls. HIV-specific IgA were present in cervical swabs and/or urine of 14/15 (93%) HIV-exposed seronegati
HIV-1 specific mucosal immunity in semen and cervix of infected individuals.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927028; Musey L; McElrath MJ; University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,; Seattle, WA. Fax: (206) 667-4411.; HIV-1 is predominantly transmitted through the mucosal route. The presence of HIV-specific mucosal T cells may contribute to the selection and the level of transmitted viruses. We evaluated the presence and the function of HIV-1 specific CTL in the semen of 19 HIV+ men and in the cervix of 19 HIV+ women. Mucosal T cel
Cross reactive CTL responses in persons infected with different HIV viral clades.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927029; Gotch F; McAdam S; Whitworth J; Charing Cross & Westminster Medical School, Dept. Immunology, Chelsea; & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Fax: 181-746-5997.; 8,500 persons/day are infected with HIV, 90% of whom live in developing countries. It would cost 300 billion dollars to treat all HIV infected individuals in the world with modern, potent, antiretroviral drugs. This is clearly not feasible and there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine for HIV. Such a prophylactic v
CTL cross-reactivity among different HIV-1 clades.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927030; Cao H; Kanki P; Sankale JL; Kalams S; MBoup S; Walker B; Massachusetts General Hospital, Infectious Disease Unit, Boston, MA.; Fax: (617) 726-5411.; Despite recent advances in antiviral therapy for HIV infection, successful global intervention will require an effective vaccine. Expanding evidence suggests that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses will be an important component of such a vaccine. The varying geographic distribution of HIV-1 clades, with the relat
Dendritic cell vaccine models allow for identification of novel T cell epitopes in HIV-1 nef.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:47. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927031; Wilson CC; Rinaldo CR; Tueting T; Martin D; Farhood H; Lotze MT; Storkus WJ; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. Fax: 412); 624-1172.; An in vitro vaccine model for HIV-1 was developed using cultured DC as stimulators and naive T cells from HIV-1 seronegative donors as responders. DC cultured from nonadherent PBMC in GM-CSF and IL-4 for 5-10 days were pulsed with recombinant Nef antigen or were transfected with the HIV-1 nef gene. Human IL-12 and IFN
Engineering of immune responses to DNA immunization via co-delivery of costimulatory molecule genes.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:49. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927033; Kim JJ; Bagarazzi ML; Hu YD; Trivedi N; Chattergoon MA; Dang K; Agadjanyan MA; Mahalingam S; Boyer JD; Wang B; Weiner DB; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Fax: (215) 573-9436.; Costimulatory molecules play an important role in the induction of T cell-mediated immune responses. Effective T cell activation by APC requires two stimuli: the first signal originates from the binding of antigen-MHC and T cell receptor molecules which confers specificity. The second signal comes from the costimulato
Protection of rhesus macaques from homologous and heterologous SHIV challenge using oligomeric gp160.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927034; VanCott TC; Lewis M; Kaminski R; Mascola J; Kalyanaraman V; Pragman S; Frampton L; Yalley-Ogunro J; Greenhouse J; Lu Y; Jenkins S; Richardson C; Ulrich T; Wassef N; Alving C; Lowell G; Birx D; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 762-4177.; Protection of rhesus macaques from i.v. challenge with SHIV(HXBc2) was evaluated using affinity purified, oligomeric gp160 (ogp160-IIIB) or monomeric gp120-IIIB formulated with alhydrogel, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) or polyphosphazene. Previous studies in rabbits demonstrated the ability of ogp160 formulated in MPL
Identification of candidate HLA-A11 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes within HIV-1 subtype E.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927035; Bond KB; Pau CP; Malegam JY; DeGroot A; Szu E; Hodge TW; Mastro TD; Limpakarnjanarat K; Stephens H; McNicholl JM; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Fax: 404); 639-2108.; In Thailand the HIV-1 epidemic is dominated by envelope subtype E. HLA-A11 is a common allele in Thailand (30-50%), but is found in increased frequency in northern Thai female sex workers highly HIV exposed but persistently seronegative (HEPS). As HIV-specific class I-restricted
Non-recombinant, near-full length reference clones for HIV-1 subtypes A through H.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927037; Gao F; Robertson DL; Morrison SG; Carruthers C; Jian B; Chen Y; Srinivasan A; Girard M; Barre-Sinoussi F; Hahn BH; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Fax: (205); 934-1580.; The classification of HIV-1 into distinct lineages, known as sequence subtypes, within the HIV-1 group M radiation is almost exclusively based on gag and env gene sequences. Except for viruses of subtype B, there are very few full length reference sequences, thus making subtype assignments in regions other than gag an
Binding antibody against primary HIV-1 isolates induced in recipients of recombinant envelope glycoprotein HIV-1 candidate vaccines (MN/rgp120 and IIIB/rgp120).: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927038; Gorse GJ; Patel GB; Mandava M; Berman PW; Belshe RB; Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO. Fax:; (314) 771-3816.; Induction of binding antibody to native envelope glycoproteins of primary HIV-1 isolates by MN/- and IIIB/rgp120 vaccines in alum was evaluated. A flow cytometric indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the binding of serum antibodies to PBL s infected with primary HIV-1 isolates. Sera were obtained befo
Bimodal HIV env DNA+protein immunization generates potent immune responses and protection against SHIV challenge.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927039; Liu MA; Letvin NL; Montefiori DC; Yasotomi Y; Perry HC; Davies ME; Lekutis C; Alroy M; Freed DL; Lord CI; Handt LK; Shiver JW; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA. Fax: (215) 652-7320.; DNA vaccines provide an approach for inducing neutralizing antibody and cellular responses for a potential HIV vaccine. We have demonstrated potent, boostable, long-lived HIV-1 envelope Env)-specific CTL responses in rhesus monkeys following immunization with DNA plasmid encoding HIV-1 env. Following boosting with rec
Development of a CTL epitope-based vaccine for the treatment of HIV infection.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927040; Wentworth P; Sette A; Southwood S; del Guercio MF; Wong N; Kubo RT; Volenec J; Walker BD; Kalams S; Cotton D; Chesnut RW; Cytel Corporation, San Diego, CA. Fax: (619) 552-8801.; Our goal is to develop more effective immunotherapeutics for the treatment of HIV-1 infection by stimulating CTL immunity focused on multiple, conserved CTL epitopes. In order to accomplish this, we have developed a method to identify CTL epitopes derived from highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 virus. This multi-st
Expression of interferon-gamma by SIV increases attenuation and vaccine efficacy for juvenile and neonatal rhesus macaques.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927041; Yilma T; Ahmad S; Jones L; Giavedoni LD; International Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Tropical Disease; Agents, University of California, Davis, CA. Fax: (916) 752-1354.; We have developed recombinant SIVs expressing IFN-gamma SIV(HyIFN)) as a novel approach for enhancing the safety and efficacy of live attenuated vaccines for AIDS. Macaques vaccinated with SIV(HyIFN) have reduced pre- and post-challenge virus load compared to those vaccinated with SIV(deltanef).We now report that SIV(
Targeting of HIV-1 antigens for rapid intracellular degradation enhances CTL recognition and the induction of de novo CTL responses in vivo following immunization.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927042; Tobery TO; Siliciano RF; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Fax: 410); 955-0964.; CD8+ CTL have the ability to recognize and eliminate virally infected cells before new virions are produced within that cell. Therefore, a rapid and vigorous CD8+ CTL response, induced by vaccination, can, in principle, prevent disseminated infection in vaccinated individuals who are exposed to the relevant virus. The
A simple, systematic and unbiased approach to developing an HIV vaccine.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927043; Johnston SA; Sykes K; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of; Texas--Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Fax: (214) 648-1450.; We present our progress on a simple, systematic and unbiased approach to developing an HIV vaccine. It is based on two recent technological advances: Genetic Immunization as a simple method of delivering and testing vaccines and Expression Library Immunization as a method to resolve the best vaccine candidates from a
Mucosal and systemic immunization using DNA and protein cochleates.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927044; Gould-Fogerite S; Zhang F; Kheiri M; Edghill-Smith Y; Wang Z; Brois D; Chen ZW; Scolpino A; Lu R; Mautone A; Feketeova E; Mannino RJ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, UMDNJ, New Jersey; Medical School, Newark, NJ. Fax: (201) 982-7293.; Cochleate delivery vehicles are unique, highly stable, lyophilizable, lipid-based vaccine carrier and delivery formulations. Cochleates containing proteins, peptides or DNA are highly effective vaccines when given on mucosal surfaces or parenterally. Strong, long lasting, mucosal and circulating antibody responses are
Clinical and laboratory safety and initial efficacy studies with an autogenous HIV cellular/viral therapeutic vaccine (DROVAC) utilizing a Sendai virus envelope derived adjuvant (SDE).: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927045; Gould-Fogerite S; Oleske J; Mannino RJ; Scolpino A; Holland B; Feketeova E; D'orlando D; Palumbo P; Chakraborty R; Denny T; University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School,; Newark, NJ. Fax: (201) 982-7293.; DROVAC was composed of disrupted PBMC (cellular antigens) isolated from 10 ml WB and bound to a Sendai Virus Envelope (SDE) adjuvant. Eight patients, CDC classifications B1 to C3, have had sequential vaccines prepared at 6 wk. intervals (dose #1-3) with a fourth dose given 8-10 wks after the 3rd dose. Three patients r
Human-infecting forms of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus CAEV) in HIV vaccine strategies.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927046; Douvas A; Cheevers WP; Ehresmann G; Garcia de la Torre I; Levine A; Xia L; Liu J; University of Southern California, School of Medicine/Hematology, Los; Angeles, CA. Fax: (213) 342-2874.; CAEV is a macrophage-tropic lentivirus causing arthritis, mastitis and encephalitis in goats. Our recent data demonstrate that novel variants (h-CAEV) infect humans, and generate immune cross-reactivity to HIV-1. Evidence for these forms, which are endemic in Mexico , includes: (a)
Neutralizing antibodies as a correlate of vaccine efficacy in the SHIV model.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927047; Montefiori DC; Earl PL; Moss B; Hu SL; Lewis M; VanCott TC; Birx DL; Wyand MS; Manson K; Shiver JW; Reimann KA; Letvin NL; Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC.; Fax: (919) 684-4288.; The advent of chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) affords opportunities to assess HIV-1 vaccine efficacy and to identify correlates of protective immunity in an animal model. Titers of neutralizing antibodies against SHIV-HXB2 correlated with protection against intravenous SHIV-HXB2 challenge in macaqu
Protection against SHIV(IIIB) challenge by the "prime/boost" regimen.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927048; Hu SL; Klaniecki JE; Travis BM; Wrey T; Pennathur S; Thompson JL; Agy MB; Kuller L; Lu Y; Montefiori D; Morton WR; University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Fax: (206) 685-0305.; We previously showed that immunization with HIV-1(LAI) gp160 vaccines, in a recombinant virus priming and subunit protein boosting regimen, protected macaques against SHIV HXBc2 challenge. In the present study, we examined the role of (1) priming with live recombinant vaccinia virus vs. subunit antigens, (2) surface a
Results of vaginal challenge with pathogenic SIVmac in rhesus macaques immunized with SIV subunits by targeted iliac lymph node immunization or by vaginal inoculation with an attenuated SHIV.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927049; Miller CJ; Lehner T; Kiyono H; Kawabata S; McChesney MB; Lu X; Lu D; Roberts B; Lu Y; California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California,; Davis, CA. Fax: (916) 752-2880.; A total of nine mature female rhesus macaques were immunized 3 times with SIV envelope and core subunit antigens or whole-killed SIV by the targeted iliac lymph node immunization procedure. All the animals made strong serum IgG responses to the antigens. In addition, high levels of anti-SIV IgG were found in vaginal s
Quantitation of plasma and lymphoid tissue viral load in rhesus macaques immunized with an attenuated SIV vaccine.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927050; Connor RI; Dailey PJ; Montefiori D; Binley J; Moore J; Koup R; Ho D; Marx P; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 725-1126.; Immunization of rhesus macaques with a nef-deleted strain of SIV SIVmac239deltanef) has been shown to protect against subsequent challenge with pathogenic strains of SIV. Despite these findings, the correlates of protective immunity remain poorly defined and detailed information on the kinetics of virus replication in
Outcome of rectal SIVsm challenge of macaques vaccinated with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing SIVsm env and gag-pol.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927051; Biberfeld G; Thorstensson R; Nilsson C; Makitalo B; Sutter G; Akerblom L; Putkonen P; Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.; Fax: +46-8 735 4136.; Three groups of 4 cynomolgus macaques (n=12) were immunized im with 5x10(8) plaque forming units of MVA expressing SIVsm env gag-pol (MVA-SIV), one group at 0 and 3 months and the second group at 0, 3 and 8 months. The third group was given MVA-SIV at 0 and 3 months followed by native SIVgp 148 and rec SIVp27 in immun
Immunization of macaques with full-length SIV nucleocapsid mutant DNA.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927052; Gorelick R; Benveniste R; Lifson J; Rossio J; Bess J; Henderson L; Arthur LO; NCI-FCRDC, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD. Fax: (301) 846-5588.; The Zn(2+)-finger structures (CCHC) found in retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins are necessary for packaging the retroviral genomic RNA during budding and maturation of the virus particle. Transfection of an SIV mutant lacking 4 amino acids at the beginning of the second zinc finger resulted in expression of non-inf
Characterisation of vaccine protection in macaques.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927053; Almond N; Wade-Evans A; Stebbings R; Walker B; Stott EJ; NIBSC, Herts, UK. Fax: +44 1707 649865.; We have used the SIV/macaque model to evaluate a number of alternative vaccine approaches in vivo. Live attenuated viruses fulfill the criteria required for an effective AIDS vaccine. However, their widespread use as a prophylactic vaccine is precluded by issues of safety. We have used the SIV/macaque model to charact
Lack of vaccine protection against experimental SHIV infection in rhesus macaques.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927054; Girard M; Barre-Sinoussi F; van der Ryst E; Verrier F; Moog C; Aubertin AM; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Fax: (33) 1 40 61 30 45.; To analyze immune correlates of protection from HIV infection, experiments were performed using the SHIV/macaque model. Three rhesus monkeys were repeatedly immunized with whole inactivated HIV-1 BX08 (a French clinical isolate grown in PBMC) in the presence of QS21, RIBI adjuvant, then incomplete Freund adjuvant. In
Vaccine-induced protection of rhesus monkeys after intravaginal challenge: an effect of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes?: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927055; McChesney MB; Collins JR; Ringler DJ; Lu Y; Miller CJ; University of California-Davis, California Regional Primate Research; Center, Davis, CA. Fax: (916) 752-2880.; In order to determine if a previous infection with an intravaginally inoculated nonpathogenic SIV/HIV envelope chimeric virus (SHIV) could protect animals from vaginal challenge with pathogenic SIV, 5 animals were intravaginally inoculated twice with pathogenic SIVmac239. After challenge, all of the SHIV-immunized ani
Correlation of mucosal SIV env-specific CTL with protection in rhesus monkeys.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:79. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927056; Wilson LA; Trichel A; Xu K; Ohkawa S; Roberts D; Martin L; Murphey-Corb M; Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, LA. Fax: 504); 893-1352.; Eleven monkeys were inoculated intracolonically by endoscopy with limiting doses of the pathogenic clone SIVmac239 (4) or its nonpathogenic derivative SIV17E-Fr (7). All animals were assayed for CTL at 8 weeks in the peripheral blood (PBL) and the jejunum lamina propria (LP). Mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum intraep
Cellular immunity, mucosal challenge and highly attenuated SIV vaccines.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927057; Johnson RP; Gauduin MC; Glickman R; Yang J; Czajak S; Desrosiers RC; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School,; Southborough, MA. Fax: (508) 624-8172.; We analyzed the ability of CD8+ T cells from SIV239deltanef and delta3-infected animals to suppress SIV replication and investigated the relationship between SIV-specific CTL activity and protection against mucosal challenge in animals vaccinated with more highly attenuated SIV strains. CD8+ T lymphocytes from animals
Early loss of antigen induced IFNgamma with gradual increase in IL-6 in macaques infected with SIVmac251 as they progress towards AIDS.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927058; Villinger F; Brar SS; Mayne AE; Chikkala NF; Brice G; Ansari AA; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Fax: (404) 778-50l6.; A reported shift from Th1 to Th2 type of immune responses correlating with progression towards disease in HIV-1 infected patients has been a subject of considerable debate. In order to better evaluate such a hypothesis, a group of 6 rhesus macaques was immunized with KLH, tetanus toxoid and live attenuated influenza A
Evolution of antibody responses during persistent lentivirus infection and development of protective immunity: variations on a common theme of maturation.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927059; Montelaro RC; Cole KS; Rowles JL; Hammond SA; Clements JE; Desrosiers RC; Murphey-Corb M; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Fax: (412) 383-8859.; Vaccine trials using various attenuated strains of SIV in monkeys have demonstrated that the development of broadly protective immunity typically requires a minimum of about 6 months, suggesting a necessary maturation of immune responses. To characterize the evolution of virus-specific antibody responses during this m
Viral diversity as a marker of disease progression in SIV infection.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927060; Haigwood NL; Misher LE; Goskink J; Montefiori D; Johnson P; Watson A; Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA. Fax: (206); 284-0313.; As with HIV-1 infection of humans, disease outcome in SIV-infected macaques is not uniform. There are 4 outcomes with SIVsmE660 infection of M. mulatta: rapid progression to disease in less than 30 weeks (RP); progression in 30-70 weeks (P); slow progression in 70-104 weeks (SP); and no disease at greater than 104 wee
Attenuated SIV vaccines: degree of protection from homologous and heterologous challenge.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927061; Lewis MG; Novembre F; Desrosiers R; Lu Y; Montefiori D; Yalley-Ogunro J; Greenhouse J; Brennan T; Eddy G; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 762-7460.; Attenuated SIV vaccines have been shown to be very effective at inducing protective immune responses in macaques challenged with homologous pathogenic strains of SIV. We initiated a study to determine the degree of protection stimulated by attenuated viruses. Two strains of nef deleted SIV were evaluated: SIV(mac239de
Virological and immunological parameters in cynomolgus macaques infected with pathogenic or attenuated SIV: correlations with the outcome of a challenge with SHIV89.6P or SIVsmm(PBJ14)?: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:89. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927062; Rud EW; Vogel T; Sherring A; Bogdanovic D; Ko D; Brown J; Kim J; Parenteau M; Beausoleil N; Fournier J; National Laboratory for HIV Pathogenesis, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Fax: (613) 957-7258. E-mail: erud@inet.hwc.ca.; AIMS: To determine the immune responses induced by infection of macaques with either an attenuated or pathogenic variant of SlVmac32H and ultimately to correlate these to the protection induced against subsequent heterologous challenge with either SHIV89.6P or with SIVsmm(PBJ14). METHODS: Three groups of 8 cynomolgus
Pathogenesis and prevention of SHIV disease.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927063; Narayan O; Stephens EB; Joag SV; Li Z; Atkinson RB; Foresman L; McClure HM; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS. Fax: (913); 588-5599.; SHIV(Ku-1) is a biologically-pure suspension of SHIV that is highly pathogenic in pigtailed macaques. The virus was derived by sequential passage of the molecular construct of SIV(mac)239XHIV-1-HxB2 through bone marrow of pigtailed macaques Joag et al J. Virol., 1996). The virus has numerous genomic changes that disti
Correlates of immunity to HIV-1 assessed in hu-PBL-SCID mice.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927065; Mosier DE; Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA. Fax: (619) 784-9190.; SCID mice repopulated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hu-PBL-SCID mice) have proven useful for assessing effective immunization of normal volunteers with candidate vaccines, and for passive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and human monoclonal antibodies to assess the relative importance of cellular
Prevention of HIV infection in thy/liv-SCID-hu mice by acute treatment with multi-drug therapy or IL-10.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927066; Goldstein H; Kollmann TR; Pettoello-Mantovani M; Katopodis NF; Gibbons C; Yurasov S; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Fax: (718) 430-8972.; Modifications we introduced into the implantation of human fetal thymus and liver under the kidney capsules of SCID mice thy/liv-SCID-hu mice) resulted in the population of the peripheral lymphoid compartment of these mice with high numbers of human T cells. After inoculation with HIV, extensive HIV infection was dete
Development of a hu-PBL-SCID/beige mouse model for the evaluation of HIV protective immunity.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927067; Chang LJ; University of Alberta, Department of Medical Microbiology and; Immunology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Fax: (403) 492-9828.; The evaluation of HIV protective immunity in humans is critical to the understanding of host immune responses and the development of an effective immunization strategy against HIV infection. Vaccine-induced anti-HIV immunity can be tested in non-human primates like chimpanzees, or studied in monkeys using SIV as a mod
Transgenic mouse models of HIV-1 infection.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927069; Jolicoeur P; Kay DG; Cool M; Colombi S; Jothy S; Wells T; Hanna Z; Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.; Fax: (514) 987-5794.; We have generated transgenic (Tg) founders which express the complete NL4-3 HIV-1 coding sequences in CD4+ T cells and in cells of the macrophage/dendritic lineage. Mice born from these founders developed a very severe AIDS-like disease leading to early death. These mice were very small as compared to non-Tg littermat
Human rhinovirus 14:HIV-1(MN) V3 loop chimeras induce potent neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:106 (Poster 1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927071; Ferstandig Arnold G; Smith AD; Chen AA; Geisler SC; Resnick DA; Roy BM; Arnold E; Center for Advanced Biotechnology & Medicine/Rutgers University,; Piscataway, NJ. Fax: (908) 235-5788.; With the aim of developing a useful AIDS vaccine or vaccine component, we have produced a library of chimeric viruses in which the V3 loop of the MN strain of HIV-1 is displayed in many conformations on the surface of human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14). The V3 loop sequence was inserted into a naturally immunogenic site of H
Construction of multi component DNA immunization cassettes using HIV-1 accessory genes.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:107 (Poster 2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927072; Ayyavoo V; Thandavarayan N; Boyer J; Sundarasamy M; Sagar K; Weiner DB; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Fax: (215) 573-9436.; Delivery of genetic expression cassettes into animals can effectively induce both humoral and cellular immunity to the expressed gene. Previously, we used this strategy for structural and enzymatic proteins of HIV-1 in mice, non human primates and in humans. However, the use of the accessory genes as immunotherapeutic
Vaccinia virus strain Modified Virus Ankara: characterisation of cytokine receptor profile, virological features, and use as an immunological reagent.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:108 (Poster 3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927073; Blanchard T; Alcami A; Becker M; Hanke T; Andrea P; Gould K; Britton W; Anderton P; Rowland-Jones S; McMichael AJ; Smith GL; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, England. Fax: +44 1865; 275501.; Modified Virus Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated strain of vaccinia virus derived by serial passage through chick cells. MVA was administered to greater than 120,000 individuals towards the end of the smallpox eradication campaign without any significant adverse effects. We have sought to establish the reasons for the saf
The identification of "HIV-1-mimic" peptides using antibodies from the sera of HIV-1 infected, long-term non-progressors.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:109 (Poster 4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927074; Bonnycastle L; Brown K; Kim S; Scott J; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and Department of; Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada.; Fax: (604) 291-5583. E-mail: lori_bonnycastle@sfu.ca.; Our goals in this project are twofold. In the short term, we wish to identify peptides that react with Abs that are specific to HIV-1 infection. Over the longer term, we hope to determine whether the antibodies recognized by such peptides will neutralize HIV-1 infectivity. We screened a panel of sixteen, phage-display
Live attenuated VEE virus vectors expressing HIV-1 MA/CA proteins elicit long lived humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:110 (Poster 5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927075; Caley IJ; Davis NL; Betts MR; Irlbeck DM; Frelinger JA; Swanstrom RI; Johnston RE; University of North Carolina, Department of Microbiology and; Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC. Fax: (919) 962-8103.; Attenuated cDNA clones of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus VEE) were engineered to contain a second subgenomic promoter at either the 3 end of the non-structural gene region, or immediately downstream of the E1 glycoprotein gene. The matrix/capsid (MA/CA) coding domain of HIV-1 gag was cloned under the control of
Identification of conserved regions of HIV-1 which serve as ligands to HLA-A2 and HLA-B27.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:111 (Poster 6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927076; Schafer J; George J; Jesdale W; Kouttab N; Mayer K; Lieberman J; De Groot AS; TB/HIV Research Laboratory, International Health Institute, Brown; University, Providence, RI. Fax: (401) 863-1243. E-mail:; Anne_DeGroot@Brown.edu.; A successful HIV-1 vaccine will need to induce protective CD8+ CTL responses against a wide array of diverse HIV-1 isolates. This study was undertaken to identify new HLA ligands from HIV-1 which are highly conserved across HIV-1 clades and which may serve to induce cross-reactive CTLs. The computer algorithm EpiMatri
Synthesis of multidimensional contiguous peptide arrays of ten HIV-1 proteins.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:112 (Poster 7). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927077; Dixon JD; Purification Systems, Inc., Royal Oak, MI. Fax: (810) 288-1241.; Recent advances in multiple peptide synthesis instrumentation allow the rapid production of synthetic peptides useful in vaccine development and characterization of immune responses. A significant problem is the amount of time required for post-synthesis analytical purification and analysis of the resulting peptides.
Cultured blood dendritic cells have potent HIV-1 antigen-presenting capacity for T lymphocytes.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:113 (Poster 8). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927078; Fan Z; Huang X; Zheng L; Wilson C; Borowski L; Liebmann J; Margolick J; Gupta P; Rinaldo C; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Infectious Diseases and; Microbiology, Pittsburgh, PA. Fax: (412) 624-4953.; Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) for naive and memory T lymphocytes. We studied the APC function of DC from HIV-1 infected and uninfected subjects that were derived from monocyte-depleted PBMC by culture in hIL4 and hGM-CSF. The morphology and phenotype were similar for DC cultured from seropo
Mice and rhesus macaque females immunized with HIV-1 peptides conjugated to brucella abortus(BA) develop anti-peptide serum and mucosal antibody responses.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:114 (Poster 9). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927079; Golding B; Scott DE; Matthews N; Levi L; Inman J; Golding H; Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Center for; Biological Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration,; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD. Fax: (301) 402-2780.; The rate of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 to women is increasing. This is probably taking place at mucosal sites particularly the vagina, but infection following rectal and oral sex is also possible. Protection at these sites requires induction of HIV-1-specific antibody secretion and cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Pre
A recombinant BCG vector-based vaccine for HIV-1.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:115 (Poster 10). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927080; Honda M; Someya K; Nakasone T; Matsuo K; Ando S; Ami Y; Sinohara K; Yosizaki H; Nakasatomi T; Okamoto Y; Sugiura W; Lu Y; Yamazaki S; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases,; Tokyo, Japan. Fax: +81 -3-5285-1150.; We immunized 10 cynomolgus monkeys with a recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) vector-based vaccine for HIV-1 rBCG-V3J1), which was constructed to express and secrete a chimeric protein consisting of V3 principal neutralizing epitope of Japanese consensus HIV-1 in alpha-antigen protein. Neutralizing antibody acti
Engineering of immune responses to DNA immunization via co-delivery of costimulatory molecule genes.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:117 (Poster 12). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927082; Kim JJ; Bagarazzi ML; Hu Y; Trivedi N; Chattergoon MA; Dang K; Agadjanyan MA; Mahalingam S; Boyer JD; Wang B; Weiner DB; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Fax: (215) 573-9436.; Costimulatory molecules play an important role in the induction of T cell-mediated immune responses. Effective T cell activation by APC requires two stimuli: the first signal originates from the binding of antigen-MHC and T cell receptor molecules which confers specificity. The second signal comes from the costimulato
The effect of dose and adjuvant on immunization with a whole killed gp120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen in a murine model for prophylactic vaccination.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:118 (Poster 13). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927083; Lanza P; Moss RB; Giermakowska W; Richieri SP; Salk P; Jensen FC; Carlo DJ; Immune Response Corp., Carlsbad, CA. Fax: (760) 431-8636.; Protective immunity involves a dynamic balance between humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study we used a murine model to examine the effect of dose and adjuvant of an HIV-1 Immunogen on HIV-1 specific immune responses. C57BI/6 mice were divided in three treatment groups. Animals were immunized SC with eit
Induction of an HIV-specific immune response in baboons using an HIV-2 expression library vaccine.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:119 (Poster 14). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927084; Locher CP; Sykes K; Blackbourn DJ; Chanh T; Trevino S; Murthy KK; Barnett SW; Johnston SA; Levy JA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of; California, San Francisco, CA. Fax: (415) 476-8365.; Previous studies showed that vaccination using expression libraries has the potential to protect mice against infection by Mycoplasma and Mycobacterium. Moreover, gene libraries provide the greatest number of antigens presented to the immune system without the use of an attenuated infectious agent. To extend these obs
QS-21 is effective in boosting anti-HIV-1 env antibody responses induced by DNA immunization.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:120 (Poster 15). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927085; Wang S; Manning S; Kensil C; Lu S; University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA. Fax: 508); 856-5981.; Raising a higher and more persistent immune response is critical in developing a DNA-based vaccine against HIV-1 infections. One potential method of optimization is the use of an immunological adjuvant with the DNA-based vaccines. QS-21 was selected for its known adjuvant effect for subunit vaccines. Groups of 6-8 wee
Antigen delivery systems and routes of immunization for induction of virus-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL).: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:121 (Poster 16). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927086; Nguyen HH; Moldoveanu Z; Novak M; Kiyono H; McGhee JR; Mestecky J; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Fax: (205); 934-3894.; For induction of CTL responses, an important effector mechanism in the elimination of virus infected cells, different antigen delivery systems were used. We demonstrate that intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-inactivated influenza virus (50 micrograms/mouse) incorporated into poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)(DL-P
Cytokine adjuvant for DNA vaccine against HIV-1 infection.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:122 (Poster 17). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927087; Okuda K; Sasaki S; Wharen B; Fukushima J; Department of Bacteriology, Yokohama City University School of; Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Fax: +81-45-787-2509.; To activate HIV-1-specific cell-mediated immune responses by using DNA vaccine is one of the most important issues for developing a new HIV-1 vaccine. In this study we used various expression plasmids of cytokines to modify the immunogenicity of this vaccine. To use expression plasmids has advantages for releasing pro
DNA priming and rgp160 boosting elicit antibody which neutralizes T-cell line-adapted strains, but not primary isolates, of HIV-1.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:124 (Poster 19). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927088; Richmond JF; Lu S; Santoro JC; Weng J; Montefiori DC; Robinson HL; Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center,; Worcester, MA. Fax: (508) 856-5780.; Rabbits were primed by gene-gun immunization with a plasmid, or combination of plasmids, expressing various forms of HIV-1-HXB-2 Env. Rabbits primed with full-length gp160 (Env) failed to develop antibodies, while rabbits primed with a full-length Env combined with gp120 and gp140 forms of Env (Env++), or a plasmid ex
Screening of HIV-1 env glycoproteins for the ability to raise neutralizing antibody using DNA immunization and recombinant vaccinia virus boosting.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:125 (Poster 20). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927089; Richmond JF; Mustafa F; Lu S; Fenyo EM; Hurwitz JL; Montefiori DC; Robinson HL; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of Massachusetts; Medical School, Worcester, MA. Fax: (508) 856-5780.; HIV-1 envelopes from two series of primary isolates, from JR-FL and BaL (prototypic monocyte/macrophage tropic viruses) and from HXB-2 (a prototypic T-cell-line-adapted virus) have been screened for their ability to elicit neutralizing antibody to HIV-1. Rabbits were primed by gene gun inoculation with plasmids expres
Water-in-oil-in-water formulation with block copolymer adjuvant P1005 enhances humoral responses to HIV-1 envelope protein gp160.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:126 (Poster 21). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927090; Ruhadze EN; Olsen MR; Bond KB; Newman MJ; Hunter RL; McNicholl JM; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Fax: (404) 639-2108.; Vaccine delivery systems containing block copolymer adjuvant P1005 have been shown to be effective in the induction of secretory IgA and systemic IgG antigen-specific responses. We evaluated the secretory IgA and serum IgG antibody responses in groups of female Balb/c mice immunized orally or subcutaneously s.c.) with
Immunomodulation of AIDS DNA vaccine toward strong CTL activity.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:127 (Poster 22). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927091; Sasaki S; Hamajima K; Fukushima J; Kaneko T; Kawamoto S; Mohri H; Okubo T; Okuda K; Department of Bacteriology, Yokohama City University School of; Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Fax: +8 1-45-787-2509.; The most beneficial point of DNA vaccination is believed that induction of stronger CTL activity than that of the peptide vaccines. Potent cytotoxicity against HIV-infected lymphocytes is essential to provide protective immunity on the vaccinee. We therefore examined whether immunomodulatory compounds enhance CTL acti
Isolation of peptides that bind to anti-HIV antibodies.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:128 (Poster 23). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927092; Zwick M; Bonnycastle L; Leong E; Brown K; Kim S; Mehroke J; Noren C; Noren K; Scott JK; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and Department of; Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.; Fax: (604) 291-5583. E-mail: jkscott@sfu.ca.; We are in the process of isolating peptides that bind human anti-HIV antibodies (Abs) in an effort to discover new leads for immunological study. Initially, several phage-displayed peptide libraries were screened with the monoclonal Ab Loop2. This Ab recognizes a constrained peptide corresponding to the V3 loop of gp1
Preclinical immunogenicity studies with Thai E rgp120/MF59 vaccine.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:129 (Poster 24). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927093; De Sun Y; Cuadra L; Higgins K; Mascola J; Steimer K; Sinangil F; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA. Fax: (510) 923-6918.; Thai E rgp120 subunit protein (rgp120(CM235cons)) was derived from the HIV-1(CM235) isolate recovered from a Thai individual early in the epidemic in Thailand . The V3 of the recombinant Env has been mutated at two amino acids to match the Thai E V3 consensus sequence. This protei
Dendritic cell vaccine models allow for identification of novel T cell epitopes in HIV-1 nef.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:130 (Poster 25). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927094; Wilson CC; Rinaldo CR; Tueting T; Martin D; Farhood H; Lotze MT; Storkus WJ; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. Fax: 412); 624-1172.; An in vitro vaccine model for HIV-1 was developed using cultured DC as stimulators and naive T cells from HIV-1 seronegative donors as responders. DC cultured from nonadherent PBMC in GM-CSF and IL-4 for 5-10 days were pulsed with recombinant Nef antigen or were transfected with the HIV-1 nef gene. Human IL-12 and IFN
A particulate HIV-vaccine: from concepts to field trials.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:131 (Poster 26). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927095; Wagner R; Deml L; Notka F; Yiming S; Wolf H; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg, Germany.; Fax: .49 94l 944 6402.; Recombinant HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) have been constructed allowing the presentation of either size limited CTL and Th-epitopes or the delivery of oligomeric HIV-1 envelope derivatives to the immune system. Depending on the formulation, recombinant VLPs generated both, neutralizing antibodies and an HIV-speci
Enhanced pathogenicity of SHIV HXBc2 following whole blood passage in Macaca nemestrina.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:132 (Poster 27). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927096; Agy MB; Thompson JL; Coon EM; Kuller L; Anderson DM; Hu SL; Morton WR; Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle,; WA. Fax: (206) 685-0305.; The lack of a suitable nonhuman primate model to examine HIV-1 pathogenicity and to evaluate HIV-1-specific infection intervention strategies has led to the construction and use of chimeric SIV-HIV viruses (SHIV). We have titered SHIV HXBc2 chimera in M. nemestrina and used this virus to challenge HIV-1-env vaccinated
IL-12 enhances T-helper 1 responses to recombinant vaccinia-SIV vaccines in rhesus macaques, but does not influence the outcome of SIV(251) challenge.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:134 (Poster 29). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927098; Benson J; Chougnet C; Guroff M; Shearer G; Paoletti E; Tartaglia J; Markham P; Cranage M; Franchini G; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Fax: (301) 496-8394.; Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) are both potent regulators of immune responses. Each is associated with the T-Helper 1 subset of reactive T cells. The absence or suppression of these cytokines at the initiation of an immune response to antigen(s) will r
Evolution of envelope-specific antibody responses to experimental infection with SIV and its association with the development of protective immunity.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:136 (Poster 31). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927100; Cole KS; Rowles JL; Murphey-Corb M; Unangst T; Clements JE; Robinson J; Wyand M; Desrosiers RC; Montelaro RC; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. Fax: 412); 383-8859.; To characterize the evolution of protective immunity in monkeys experimentally infected with various attenuated strains of SIV, we used a comprehensive panel of serological assays to assess the progression of viral envelope-specific antibodies. Results of these studies reveal remarkable differences between protective
Quantification of SIV RNA in tissues and mononuclear cells (MC) using a branched DNA (bDNA) assay: performance characteristics and comparison with plasma viral load.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:137 (Poster 32). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927101; Dailey PJ; Booth J; Wingfield C; Johnson P; Chiron Diagnostics, Emeryville, CA. Fax: (510) 655-7733.; We evaluated the feasibility of quantitating viral load (SIV RNA) in lymphoid tissues and cells using a bDNA assay for SIV RNA. Quantification of viral load in tissues and MCs involves unique challenges including: 1) insuring reproducible, quantitative recovery of nucleic acid after extraction; 2) selection of an appr
A recombinant prime, peptide boost strategy to vaccinate rhesus monkeys against SHIV.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:138 (Poster 33). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927102; Davis D; Morein B; Akerblom L; Teeuwsen VJ; van Gils M; Bogers WM; Heeney JL; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. Fax: 32 3 247 63 33.; Sterile immunity was induced in rhesus monkeys against challenge with SHIV SF13 using an ISCOM based strategy. The vaccine formulation and immunization schedule would be acceptable for further study in human clinical trials. Immune responses were primed by i.m. injections of 30 micrograms of Chiron s recombinant HIV-1
Immune responses induced by Accell gene gun SIV DNA immunization reduce viremia and delay CD4 decline in rhesus macaques challenged with a heterologous SIV isolate.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:139 (Poster 34). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927103; Heydenburg Fuller D; Simpson L; Stefano Cole K; Monterlero R; Haynes J; Murphy-Corb M; Mazarra G; Geniva, Middleton, WI. Fax: (608) 836-5188.; Direct intracellular epidermal DNA vaccination using the Accell gene gun has been shown to result in the induction of humoral, cellular, and protective immune responses in laboratory animals. We evaluated the ability of gene gun DNA immunization alone or in combination with recombinant vaccinia vectors to elicit a pro
Humoral and cellular immune response generated by plasmid-DNA vaccination of macaque monkeys.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:140 (Poster 35). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927104; NiBlein T; Dittmer U; Oesterle R; Stahl-Hennig C; Luke W; Jurkiewicz E; Hammerschmidt W; Hunsmann G; Petry H; German Primate Centre, Department for Virology and Immunology,; Goettingen, Germany. Fax: +49-551-3851-184.; We have immunised four cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) by intramuscular injection of two different expression vectors containing the env gene of SIVmac239. In both vectors (#1, #2) expression of the env gene is driven by the CMV promotor. DNA vaccine #
Urethral challenge of male rhesus macaques immunized with inactivated SIV encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:141 (Poster 36). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927105; Ishizaka ST; Israel Z; Gettie A; Staas J; Gilley R; Eldridge J; Marx P; Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Pearl River, NY. Fax: 914); 732-5585.; To address the potential of mucosal immunity in preventing SIV infection across the genital mucosa, a group of 8 male rhesus macaques was immunized with inactivated, sucrose gradient-purified, rhesus PBMC-grown SIVmac239 encapsulated in biodegradable poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide microspheres. Two intramuscular (IM) pr
Cellular and humoral immune responses in SIV microsphere immunized and vaginally challenged female rhesus macaques.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:142 (Poster 37). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927106; Israel ZR; Gettie A; Ishizaka ST; Staas JK; Gilley RM; Marx PA; Eldridge JH; Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Pearl River, NY. Fax: 914); 732-5585.; Our previous study demonstrated that three of four female rhesus macaques intramuscularly primed and mucosally boosted with formalin inactivated SIV in biodegradable microspheres were protected against 4 sequential intra-vaginal challenges with homologous virus. However, both vaccine and challenge stocks were prepared
Infection of baboons with a SHIV containing an HIV-1 Thai subtype E envelope: an animal model for HIV-1 subtype E vaccine studies.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:143 (Poster 38). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927107; Klinger JM; Legg H; Higgins K; Brasky KM; Himathongkham S; Luciw PA; Barnett SW; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA. Fax: (510) 923-2918.; The SHIV model provides an avenue for assessing the prophylactic properties of HIV-1 envelope-based vaccines in non-human primates. Recently, attention has focused on the development of HIV vaccines that would be effective in areas of the world where non-subtype B HIV-1 strains predominate. One such effort at Chiron h
Vaccine evaluation studies of replication-defective SIV(sm)B7.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:144 (Poster 39). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927108; Kraiselburd EN; Salaman A; Beltran M; Rivera M; Oliver J; Rodriguez A; Martinez I; Kessler M; Knezevich M; Bilka M; Montefiori D; University of Puerto Rico, Medical Science Campus, San Juan, PR. Fax:; (787) 764-4325.; Non-infectious virus-like particles of SIV(sm)B7 that expresses env and gag gene products but are defective in pol and vpx/vpr were assessed for their ability to induce protective immunity against infection with pathogenic SIVsmE660 in rhesus macaques. Animals were immunized in three groups: group A was primed with ce
CD8 antiviral activity: induction by immunization with NYVAC-SIV recombinant and influence on disease progression.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:145 (Poster 40). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927109; Leno M; Carter L; Markham P; Benson J; Franchini G; Robert-Guroff M; NCI, Basic Research Laboratory, Bethesda, MD. Fax: (301) 496-8394.; To determine if CD8 antiviral activity (CAA) is induced in rhesus macaques by immunization with attenuated vaccinia virus NYVAC)-SIV recombinants and to assess whether CAA is correlated with plasma RNA levels and outcome upon challenge, 5 groups of 8 macaques were inoculated 4 times intramuscularly with NYVAC-SIV reco
Genetic analysis of functional domains of SIV Nef.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:146 (Poster 41). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927110; Luciw PA; Khan I; Sawai ET; Mandell CP; Cheng-Mayer C; University of California, Department of Medical Pathology, Davis, CA.; Fax: (916) 752-4548.; The nef gene of HIV and SIV is dispensable for viral replication in vitro; however, this gene is essential for high virus load and progression to AIDS in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Several in vitro properties of Nef, i.e. CD4 receptor down-regulation, T-cell activation, and enhancement of virion infectivity have be
SHIV infection and fatal immunodeficiency in macaques.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:147 (Poster 42). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927111; Luciw PA; Mandell C; Marthas M; Harouse J; Marx P; Cheng-Mayer C; University of California, Department of Medical Pathology, Davis, CA.; Fax: (916) 752-4548.; SIV/HIV-1 (SHIV) chimeric clones, constructed by substituting the env gene of the pathogenic clone SIVmac239 with the env gene from HIV-1 clones, establish persistent infection in juvenile and adult rhesus macaques. SHIV(SF33) contains the tat, rev, and env genes of the cytopathic, T-cell line tropic clone HIV-1(SF33)
SIV-interleukin-2 vector causes fatal disease in macaques.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:148 (Poster 43). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927112; Luciw PA; Mandell CP; University of California, Department of Medical Pathology, Davis, CA.; Fax: (916) 752-4548.; With the aims of (i) better understanding the role of cytokines in SIV infection and (ii) potentially influencing anti-viral immune responses, we have genetically engineered a clone of SIVmac into a replication-competent vector for expression of interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ), w
Immunization against SIVmne in macaques using naked DNA vaccines.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:149 (Poster 44). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927113; Mossman SP; Pierce CC; Morton WR; Benveniste RE; Hu SL; Robertson MN; Haigwood NL; University of Washington, Regional Primate Research Center, Seattle,; WA. Fax: (206) 284-0313.; We are evaluating the efficacy of naked DNA vaccination against SIV in macaques as a sole immunogen and as a priming agent in combination with recombinant protein boosts. We are utilizing the SIVmne/M. fascicularis model to compare the immune responses and degree of protection from challenge elicited by DNA immunizati
New immunoassay procedure to quantitate infectious SIV.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:150 (Poster 45). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927114; Prakash K; Stefanski M; Arthos J; Quality Biological, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD. Fax: (301) 840-5450.; Currently, no kit is commercially available for the detection of the gp130 env protein of SIV. We have designed and developed a quick, sensitive, and accurate method to quantitatively assay the SIV env protein. The testing protocol consisted of a simple ELISA format and the plates used in the immunoassay were coated w
Effect of CD8 cells on replication of a superchallenged SHIV in macaque monkeys.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:151 (Poster 46). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927115; Shibata R; Matano T; Siemon C; Connors M; Lane HC; Martin MA; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD. Fax:; (301)402-0226.; We have recently reported (Matano et al., 4th conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections) that administration of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody to macaques transiently depleted CD8 cells in peripheral blood and in lymph nodes. Antibody treatment prior to virus inoculation resulted in sustained high virus
Protection of rhesus macaques from homologous and heterologous SHIV challenge using oligomeric gp160.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:152 (Poster 47). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927116; VanCott TC; Lewis M; Kaminski R; Mascola J; Kalyanaraman V; Pragman S; Frampton L; Yalley-Ogunro J; Greenhouse J; Lu Y; Jenkins S; Richardson C; Ulrich T; Wassef N; Alving C; Lowell G; Birx D; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 762-4177.; Protection of rhesus macaques from i.v. challenge with SHIV(HXBc2) was evaluated using affinity purified, oligomeric gp160 (ogp160-IIIB) or monomeric gp120-IIIB formulated with alhydrogel, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) or polyphosphazene. Previous studies in rabbits demonstrated the ability of ogp160 formulated in MPL
Infection of cats with FIV by injection with cloned proviral DNA.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:153 (Poster 48). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927117; Sparger EE; Louie H; Ziomeck AM; Luciw PA; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of; California, Davis, CA. Fax: (916) 752-0414.; Establishment of infection of animals with a viral clone is important for investigating viral determinants of pathogenesis and monitoring sequence changes in the viral genome in vivo, and may find utility as a means of immunization with live-attenuated virus. To test the efficiency of intramuscular (IM) injection of c
An FIV LTR mutant virus is attenuated in vivo and produces protective immunity against challenge with wild type FIV.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:154 (Poster 49). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927118; Sparger EE; Louie H; Ziomek AM; Luciw PA; Bigornia L; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary; Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA. Fax: (916) 752-0414.; AP-1 and ATF transcriptional elements within the U3 domain of the FIV long terminal repeat (LTR) serve as targets of cellular activation pathways and may regulate virus replication. To assess the role of these sites in virus replication, mutant proviruses pSVdeltaAP1, pSVdeltaATF, or pSVdeltaAP1/ATF) were created by r
Identification of candidate HLA-A11 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes within HIV-1 subtype E.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:156 (Poster 51). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927120; Bond KB; Pau CP; Malegam JY; DeGroot A; Szu E; Hodge TW; Mastro TD; Limpakarnjanarat K; Stephens H; McNicholl JM; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Fax: 404); 639-2108.; In Thailand the HIV-1 epidemic is dominated by envelope subtype E. HLA-A11 is a common allele in Thailand (30-50%), but is found in increased frequency in northern Thai female sex workers highly HIV exposed but persistently seronegative (HEPS). As HIV-specific class I-restricted
Optimization of in vitro stimulation strategies for induction of HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:157 (Poster 52). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927121; Cox JH; Sapan C; Lynch J; Birx DL; Robb ML; SRA Technologies Inc., Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 548-2600.; Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are an important component of the protective immune response elicited after infection with HIV. Vaccines developed to induce HIV-1 specific CTL responses are being tested worldwide and require a reproducible, convenient method of detecting HIV-1 specific CTL responses. Peripheral blood mo
Neutralization of the HIV-1 primary isolate JR-FL by human mAbs correlates with antibody binding to the oligomeric form of the envelope glycoprotein complex.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:158 (Poster 53). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927122; Fouts TR; Binley JM; Trkola A; Robinson JE; Moore JP; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 725-1126.; To test whether antibodies that are neutralizing or nonneutralizing for HIV-1 primary isolates can be distinguished by their affinities for the oligomeric envelope glycoproteins, we selected HIV-1(JR-FL) as a model primary virus and panel of 13 human mAbs and evaluated three parameters: (1) half-maximal binding to rec
Differential suppression of HIV-1 by CD8+ T cells.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:159 (Poster 54). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927123; Chen Y; Dampf D; Kulka K; Saha K; Chen M; Gupta P; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of; Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA.; Fax:(412) 624-4953.; Using a semiquantitative assay the antiviral response of CD8+ T cells was found to be 5-100 fold greater against a slow replicating non-syncytia inducing (Slow/NSI) virus as compared to a fast replicating syncytia inducing (Fast/SI) virus. This differential activity was demonstrated against primary HIV-1 isolates, lab
Neutralization of HIV-1 primary isolates by polyclonal and monoclonal human antibodies.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:160 (Poster 55). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927124; Hioe C; Xu S; Chigurupati P; Burda S; Williams C; Gorny M; Zolla-Pazner S; New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 951-6321.; To examine Ab-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 primary isolates in vitro, we tested sera and plasma from infected individuals against four clade B primary isolates. These isolates were analyzed further for neutralization by a large panel of human anti-HIV-1 mAbs in order to identify the neutralizing epitopes of these
Monoclonal antibodies to a gp120-derived 419-439 multiple chain peptide recognize a conformational epitope of HIV-1 gp120.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:161 (Poster 56). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927125; Kelker HC; Itri V; Paolino AM; Georgescu R; Valentine FT; New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 263-7369.; We studied properties of antibodies elicited in mice by HIV-1 gp120 derived peptide synthesized as a Multiple Chain Peptide 419-439 MCP). This conserved gp120 sequence encompassing amino acid residues 419-439 contains amino acids which are part of the CD4 binding domain. We determined previously that in mice rgp120 do
Antibody reactivity to envelope epitopes correlates with rate of HIV-1 disease progression.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:162 (Poster 57). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927126; Loomis-Price L; Mascola J; Cox J; VanCott T; Mitchell M; Wahren B; Redfield R; Birx D; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD. Fax: (301) 762-4177.; A variety of antibody-binding and functional studies were carried out on sera from early stage HIV-infected volunteers. Sera prior to vaccination were obtained from healthy (WR 1,2; CD4 greater than 400) HIV-infected volunteers enrolled in a vaccine therapy trial (N=140 total). Of these, 13 rapid progressors (RP) died
Identification of amino acid motifs and biophenotypic properties among primary HIV-1 group M (subtype A-H) and O isolates belonging to neutralization clusters.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:165 (Poster 60). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927129; Nyambi PN; Heyndrickx L; Janssens W; Daeyaert F; Lewi P; Fransen K; Willems B; Coppens S; Vereecken K; Piot P; van der Groen G; New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. Fax: (212) 951-6321.; Objectives: (1) To determine if there exist specific amino acid motifs among HIV-1 isolate neutralization clusters defined by spectral map analysis; (2) To investigate if isolates belonging to the same neutralization cluster share common biophenotypic properties (syncytium and non syncytium inducing ability). Methods:
Expression of subtype C HIV-1 env, and recognition by cytolytic T lymphocytes from a subtype B infected volunteer.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:167 (Poster 62). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927131; Ray SC; Novak NG; Hon H; Lubaki N; Bollinger RC; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Fax: 410); 955-7889.; The env glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1) has been the prime target in efforts to develop a vaccine because it is critical for the pathogenesis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, this gene is subject to substantial variation, possibly limiting the effectiveness and scope of su
Alteration of neutralization specificity of an HIV-1 V3 antibody by light chain substitution.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:168 (Poster 63). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927132; Reitz MS Jr; Fiorentini S; Davis AE; Veronese F; Watkins BA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.; Fax: (410) 706-4694.; An IgG1/kappa murine monoclonal antibody (M77) to the V3 region of HIV-1 is able to bind to the gp120 of the IIIB strain of HIV-1, but not to the gp120 of the MN, BA-L or LW strains. Neutralization is similarly type-restricted to the IIIB strain. When the heavy and light chains of M77 are molecularly cloned and expres
CD4 CTL are protected from infection by macrophage-tropic HIV during antigen presentation through the secretion of endogenous, beta-chemokines.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:169 (Poster 64). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927133; Robbins PA; Roderiquez G; Peden KA; Norcross MA; CBER/FDA, Pike, Bethesda, MD. Fax: (301) 480-3256.; CD4 CTL are an important part of the cell mediated immune response to virus. To determine the consequence of HIV infection on CD4 CTL, a CD4 CTL line specific for influenza B virus hemagglutinin peptide 308-320 and HLA-DR 1 were infected with macrophage-tropic and T cell-tropic strains of HIV. Exposure of the CD4 CTL
Development of T-cell clones from HIV-infected individuals using herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) and evidence of relative resistance of CD4+ clones against infection with syncytium-inducing (SI) strains of HIV-1.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:170 (Poster 65). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927134; Saha K; Volsky DJ; Department of Molecular Virology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital; Center, New York, NY.; HVS, a prototypic gamma-2 herpesvirus endemic to New World squirrel monkeys, has been used in recent years as a powerful tool to immortalize and study human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell clones. We have used HVS to generate multiple CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell clones from PBL of HIV-1-infected nonprogressors and AIDS patients. By and
Vaccine induced in vitro protective immunity against TCLA and macrophage tropic HIV.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:172 (Poster 67). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927136; Schwartz D; Castillo R; Excler JL; Arango Jaramillo S; Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health,; Baltimore, MD. Fax: (410) 955-0105.; We have previously shown that in vitro resistance to exogenous HIV challenge correlates with in vivo virus suppression among HIV+ individuals. Envelope based experimental HIV vaccines did not confer protective immunity against HIV in vivo, and similarly, none induced long lasting resistance in vitro. Volunteers enroll
Cross-clade neutralization of primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by monoclonal anti-CD4.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:173 (Poster 68). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927137; Shearer MH; Timanus DK; Benton PA; Kennedy RC; Deparment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma; Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Fax: (405) 271-6339.; We have tested a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) with human CD4 specificity for the ability to neutralize primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from the genetic clades A through E. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMC) were employed as target cells for these infectivity assays. Various
Evidence for an in vivo role of antibody and complement in clearance and neutralization of HIV-1 plasma virus.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:174 (Poster 69). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927138; Spear GT; Sullivan BL; Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University, Chicago, IL.; Fax: (312) 942-2808.; Determining the in vivo role that antibodies (Ab) play in clearance and neutralization of HIV-1 is important for vaccine development. To test the hypothesis that Ab is bound to a fraction of plasma virus (PV), PV was isolated by ultracentrifugation over sucrose and exposed to normal human serum as a source of compleme
Characterization of memory HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte CTL) activity in immunologically normal HIV-disease nonprogressors.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:176 (Poster 71). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927140; Tsoukas CM; Bernard NF; Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Fax: (514); 937-1424.; Six HIV-infected individuals have been identified who differ from most HIV disease progressors by having maintained normal levels of CD4 and CD8 cells (greater than 500 CD4 cells/mm(3)) with CD4:CD8 ratios of greater than 1 since their diagnosis of seropositivity (3 to 11 years). Previous experiments revealed that non
HIV-specific antibodies in external secretions of sero-negative and sero-positive high-risk individuals.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:178 (Poster 73). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927142; Casteel LR; Allen S; Kulhavy R; Zulu I; Omara J; Mestecky J; Departments of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Alabama,; Birmingham, AL. Fax: (205) 934-3894.; The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and isotype of HIV-specific antibodies in parotid saliva, serum, milk, and vaginal wash samples of seropositive or seronegative high risk individuals. ELISA and Western blot assays were used for the evaluation of antigen-specific and total levels of Ig in samples
HIV-1 and SIV can induce CD2+ T cells to migrate into intestinal tissues in the primate PBMC-engrafted SCID model.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:179 (Poster 74). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927143; Donze HH; Cummins JE Jr; Schwiebert R; Han Y; Fultz PN; Jackson S; Mestecky J; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.; Fax: (205) 934-3894.; In patients infected with HIV-1, increased lymphocytic infiltration occurs in the intestinal tissues. A similar result can be seen as early as one week post-SIV infection of rhesus macaques. To determine if these infections influence the homing patterns of primate PBMC, we infected human and non-human PBMC-engrafted S
Antibody and cytokine profiles in semen from subjects with primary and chronic HIV-1 infections.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:180 (Poster 75). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927144; Edghill-Smith YY; Akridge R; McElrath J; Ashley RL; University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Fax: (206) 527-3885.; HIV-1 transmission via mucosal surfaces of the male urogenital tract is well-documented. However, HIV-specific immune factors in semen have not been fully characterized. We used enhanced chemi-luminescence Western blot (ECL-WB) for IgG, IgG subclasses, and IgA to HIV-1; multinucleated activated galactosidase indicator
Immunohistochemical characterization of dendritic cells and lymphocytes subsets in human genital mucosa.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:181 (Poster 76). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927145; Frankel SS; Klassen M; Hansen C; Listinsky C; Nelson AM; Tavassoli FA; Birx DL; Division of Retrovirology, WRAIR/AFIP, Rockville, MD. Fax: (301); 762-4177.; Epidermal dendritic cells or Langerhans Cells DC/LCs, the most efficient antigen presenting cell in the body, are present within the suprabasal layer of squamous epithelia (0.4% of epidermal cells). Recently, they have been demonstrated to be the target cell in genital transmission of SIV and likely of HIV-1. When vie
Induction of mucosal and systemic responses against HIV-1 gp120 in mice after oral immunization with a single dose of a Salmonella-HIV vector.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:182 (Poster 77). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927146; Hone DM; Pascual DW; Wu S; Lewis GK; Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore,; MD. Fax: (410) 706-4694.; Previous studies from our group showed that a Salmonella-HIV vector vaccine that stably expressed recombinant gp120 in the cytoplasm of the vector elicited type 1 T helper cell (T(HI)) responses to HIV-1 gp120. Despite the promise of this HIV vaccine strategy, a major limitation to their use was that multiple immuniza
Induction of potent and sustained systemic antibody responses to soluble oligomeric gp160 of by mucosal immunization.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:184 (Poster 79). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927148; Lewis GK; Tuskan R; Kalyanaraman VS; Hone DM; Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University; of Maryland, Baltimore, MD. Fax: (410) 706-4694.; Studies from a number of groups suggest that some form of oligomeric gp160/gp120 may be a component of a vaccination strategy against HIV-1. Any such strategy can be simplified if an appropriate mucosal immunization protocol can be found. Accordingly, our group has identified a simple mucosal immunization strategy tha
Collection procedures for human external secretions: a comparative study.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:185 (Poster 80). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927149; Prince SJ; Kulhavy R; Casteel LR; Wright P; Spearman P; Wagner L; Jackson S; Mestecky J; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.; Fax: (205) 934-3894.; Appropriate collection of human external secretions is important for evaluation of mucosal humoral immune responses induced by infection or vaccination. In the absence of uniformly accepted collection procedures, we have evaluated various methods for the collection of rectal secretions using analyses of feces, rectal
Mucosal immunization with HIV-1 RT: comparison of immune responses after intranasal and intraperitoneal immunization.: Conf Adv AIDS Vaccine Dev. 1997 May 4-7;:186 (Poster 81). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97927150; Pacheco SE; Ansari-Lari MA; Rogers P; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Fax: (713) 770-1260.; An effective vaccine against HIV will require induction of both mucosal and systemic immune responses since the majority of cases of HIV are acquired through mucosal contac