CD4-independent association between HIV-1 gp120 and CXCR4: functional chemokine receptors are expressed in human neurons.

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1997. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

CD4-independent association between HIV-1 gp120 and CXCR4: functional chemokine receptors are expressed in human neurons.

Curr Biol. 1997 Feb 1;7(2):112-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97227891
Hesselgesser J; Halks-Miller M; DelVecchio V; Peiper SC; Hoxie J; Kolson DL; Taub D; Horuk R; Department of Immunology, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, California; 94804, USA. Joe_Hesselgesser@berlex.com

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemokines are a family of proteins that chemoattract and activate immune cells by interacting with specific receptors on the surface of their targets. We have shown previously that chemokine receptors including the interleukin-8 receptor B CXCR2) and the Duffy blood group antigen are expressed on subsets of neurons in various regions of the adult nervous system. RESULTS: Using a combination of immunohistochemical staining and receptor binding studies, we show that hNT cells, which are differentiated human neurons derived from the cell line NTera2, express functional chemokine receptors of the C-X-X and C-C types. These chemokine receptors include CXCR2, CXCR4, CCR1 and CCR5. We demonstrate high-affinity binding of both types of chemokines to hNT neurons and dose-dependent chemotactic responses to these chemokines in differentiated, but no t undifferentiated, NTera 2 cells. In addition, we show that the envelop glycoprotein from the T-cell-tropic human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) strain IIIB is a CD4-independent, dose-dependent inhibitor of the binding of stromal cell-derived factor 1 to its receptor, CXCR4. CONCLUSIONS: These data support recent findings that members of the chemokine family, including CCR5 and LESTR/Fusin (CXCR4), function as coreceptors in combination with CD4 for HIV-1 invasion. This is the first report of functional expression of chemokine receptors on human neurons. Furthermore, our studies provide for direct CD4-independent association of the viral envelope protein of the HIV-1 strain III with the chemokine receptor CXCR4.

Keywords: *Brain/PHYSIOLOGY *Chemokines/PHARMACOLOGY *HIV Envelope Protein gp120/METABOLISM *HIV-1/PHYSIOLOGY *Membrane Proteins/PHYSIOLOGY *Neurons/PHYSIOLOGY *Receptors, HIV/PHYSIOLOGY
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