Functional gamma delta T-lymphocyte defect associated with human immunodeficiency virus infections.

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1997. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Functional gamma delta T-lymphocyte defect associated with human immunodeficiency virus infections.

Mol Med. 1997 Jan;3(1):60-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/97206140
Wallace M; Scharko AM; Pauza CD; Fisch P; Imaoka K; Kawabata S; Fujihashi K; Kiyono H; Tanaka Y; Bloom BR; Malkovsky M; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706, USA.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiviral cellular immune responses may influence immunological homeostasis in HIV-infected persons. Recent data indicate that V gamma 9/V delta 2 T lymphocytes display potent cytotoxic activities against human cells infected with certain viruses including HIV. Understanding the role of gamma delta T cells in the course of HIV infection may be helpful for designing novel treatment strategies for HIV-associated disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The constitutive recognition of Daudi cells and monoethyl pyrophosphate (Etpp) by peripheral blood V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells was assessed using a proliferation assay. The cytotoxicity of Daudi-stimulated lymphocyte populations was measured by chromium release assays. The HIV infectivity for gamma delta T cell clones was determined by measuring the levels of HIV p24 in cell supernatants. The effect of in vitro HIV-infection on cytokine mRNA production by gamma delta T cell clones was assessed by PCR. RESULTS: The constitutive proliferative responses of peripheral blood V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells and the lytic functions of Daudi-expanded lymphoid cells from HIV+ persons were substantially diminished in comparison with those of HIV-seronegative persons. These alterations were present in asymptomatic HIV+ persons prior to substantial alpha beta CD4+ T cell loss. Productive HIV infection of gamma delta T cells in vitro had no measurable effect either on their proliferative response to Daudi stimuli or on the expression of cytokine mRNAs for IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. CONCLUSIONS: The constitutive responsiveness of V gamma 9/V delta 2 T lymphocytes to Daudi and Etpp is severely altered in HIV+ persons. HIV infection of gamma delta T cells in vitro does not substantially change their cytokine expression or antigenic response.

Keywords: *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/IMMUNOLOGY *HIV Seronegativity/IMMUNOLOGY *Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/ANALYSIS *T-Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY
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M9772115

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