Changes in membrane enzymes and glycosphingolipids in lymphocytes from HIV-1--infected and noninfected intravenous drug users.

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1996. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Changes in membrane enzymes and glycosphingolipids in lymphocytes from HIV-1--infected and noninfected intravenous drug users.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 Feb 1;11(2):188-97. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96147320
Leoni LM; Losa GA; Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Pathology,; Locarno, Switzerland.

Abstract: The amounts of cell-surface glycosphingolipids and plasma membrane enzymes produced on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) isolated from 101 intravenous drug users (IDUs), of whom 91 were HIV-1 seropositive, were examined. Seronegative IDUs and age-matched healthy donors served as controls. The numbers of circulating CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes decreased during the advanced stages of the infection. There were also fewer CD4+ T-helper cells in HIV-1--seronegative IDU drug addicts. PBMNCs from HIV-1--seropositive subjects had abnormal surface enzyme kinetics. The phospholipase C had two pH optima, whereas the enzyme on normal cells has only one. The specific activity in cells from AIDS subjects was 4 times lower than that in normal PBMNCs. 5'-Nucleotidase showed a similar trend, whereas neutral endopeptidase activity did not correlate with the amounts of surface common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA). These enzyme activities were decreased in HIV-seronegative IDUs. The subcellular distribution of enzymes and the profile of surface glycosphingolipids were also markedly changed, indicating the profound alterations in the membranes of PBMNCs from HIV-1--seropositive IDUs. These data suggest that intravenous drug use compromises the biochemical and structural integrity of the membrane surface of PBMNCs even before the onset of HIV.

Keywords: Adolescence Adult Cell Membrane/ENZYMOLOGY CD4 Lymphocyte Count CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY Enzymes/*METABOLISM Female Gangliosides/BLOOD Glutathione Transferases/METABOLISM Glycosphingolipids/*BLOOD Human HIV Infections/*BLOOD/COMPLICATIONS/ENZYMOLOGY HIV Seropositivity/BLOOD/ENZYMOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY *HIV-1 Immunophenotyping Lymphocytes/ENZYMOLOGY/*METABOLISM Male Membrane Metallo-Endopeptidase/METABOLISM Middle Age Peptide Peptidohydrolases/METABOLISM Phospholipase C/METABOLISM Sialic Acids/BLOOD Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*BLOOD/COMPLICATIONS/ENZYMOLOGY Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 5'-Nucleotidase/METABOLISM JOURNAL ARTICLE
960530
M9651029

AEGiS is a 501(c)3, not-for-profit, tax-exempt, educational corporation. AEGiS is made possible through unrestricted funding from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bridgestone/Firestone Charitable Trust, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Elton John AIDS Foundation, Gill Foundation, the National Library of Medicine, Quest Diagnostics, Roche and Trimeris, and donations from users like you. Always watch for outdated information. This article first appeared in 1996. This material is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor.

AEGiS presents published material, reprinted with permission and neither endorses nor opposes any material. All information contained on this website, including information relating to health conditions, products, and treatments, is for informational purposes only. It is often presented in summary or aggregate form. It is not meant to be a substitute for the advice provided by your own physician or other medical professionals. Always discuss treatment options with a doctor who specializes in treating HIV.

Copyright ©1980, 1996. AEGiS. All materials appearing on AEGiS are protected by copyright as a collective work or compilation under U.S. copyright and other laws and are the property of AEGiS, or the party credited as the provider of the content. .