Sun D; Bennett RB; Archibald DW; Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, University of; Maryland at Baltimore, USA.
In summary, the risk of transmission of HIV and other infectious diseases by saliva during CPR training practice is extremely low because of low infectious virus titers and properties of saliva that inhibit HIV. However, it is necessary to perform decontaminations of mannequins, by application of a suitable disinfecta
AIDS Clin Rev. 1995-96;:277-303. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96089203
Katzenstein DA; Holodniy M; Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
We are moving rapidly beyond a black box understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV. The sites of virus replication, the molecular regulation of virus production in the host, and the dynamics between productive virus infection and immunological and clinical events are areas of intense study using powerful new tools. The
AIDS Clin Rev. 1995-96;:99-129. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96089199
Dunn JP; Jabs DA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,; USA.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis is the most common intraocular infection and the leading cause of blindness in patients with AIDS. Diagnosis is made on clinical grounds; a variety of other infectious and neoplastic retinitides should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Treatment with intravenous ganciclovir or fosc
Gennari R; Dominioni L; Imperatori A; Bianchi V; Maroni P; Dionigi R; Department of Surgery, University of Pavia in Varese, Ospedale; Multizonale, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in lymphocyte subsets after major abdominal and thoracic operations, and to correlate changes with the development of clinically relevant infections postoperatively. DESIGN: Open study. SETTING: University hospital, Italy . SUBJECTS: 33 patients who wer
BMJ. 1995 Nov 4;311(7014):1215-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96069038
Harris J; Holm S; Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, University of Manchester.
The emergence of HIV infection and AIDS has refocused concern on the obligations surrounding the carrying and transmission of communicable diseases. This article asks three related questions: Is there a general duty not to spread contagion? Are there special obligations not to communicate disease in the workplace? And
Bruckova M; Stankova M; Centrum AIDS, Infekcni klinika 1. lekarske fakulty; Univerzity Karlovy, Fakultni nemocnice na Bulovce, Praha.
The authors evaluate the use of saliva as alternative biological material for detection of HIV antibodies. If collected properly and when using the appropriate ELISA methods, HIV antibodies can be assessed in saliva with considerable sensitivity and specificity. Testing in saliva eliminates many disadvantages found wh
Hartwig A; Lilly J; Sarasin D; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of; Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
It has long been known that immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of getting malignant neoplasms, with lymphomas predominating. This increase in lymphomas is especially notable in the population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Before the outbreak of the human immunodeficiency virus th
Catania A; Lipton JM; First Medical Clinic, University of Milan, Italy.
Recent research indicates that the proopiomelanocortin derivative alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a significant modulator of host reactions including fever and inflammation. Although the precise mechanism of action is still unknown, cytokine antagonism is believed to be responsible for at least a p
Taylor AW; Streilein JW; Cousins SW; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is known to suppress cytokine-mediated inflammation. In addition, we previously found that alpha-MSH suppressed the production of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma by antigen-stimulated primed lymph node T cells. This immunosuppressive
Boshoff C; Schulz TF; Kennedy MM; Graham AK; Fisher C; Thomas A; McGee JO; Weiss RA; O'Leary JJ; Virology Laboratory, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS), a vascular tumour that contains characteristic spindle cells forming slit-like spaces, may have an infectious aetiology. Recently, sequences of a new human herpesvirus, KSHV/HHV-8, have been identified in both HIV-associated and classical KS. We sought to identify the target cell of this virus i
Amadori A; Zamarchi R; De Silvestro G; Forza G; Cavatton G; Danieli GA; Clementi M; Chieco-Bianchi L; Institute of Oncology, Interuniversity Center for Research on; Cancer, University of Padova, Italy.
We studied the genetic pattern of inheritance of the ratio between circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in a population of healthy donors. The distribution of the CD4/CD8 ratio in males and females was significantly different and was significantly affected by age. In 46 randomly selected families, the parental CD4/
Chun TW; Finzi D; Margolick J; Chadwick K; Schwartz D; Siliciano RF; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Although it is presumed that the integration of HIV-1 into the genome of infected CD4+ T lymphocytes allows viral persistence, there has been little direct evidence that CD4+ T cells with integrated provirus function as a latent reservoir for HIV-1 in infected individuals. Using resting CD4+ T-cell populations of extr
Glushakova S; Baibakov B; Margolis LB; Zimmerberg J; Laboratory of Theoretical and Physical Biology, National; Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Tian Y; Adya N; Wagner S; Giam CZ; Green MR; Ellington AD; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405,; USA.
Nucleic acid aptamers isolated from random sequence pools have generally proven useful at inhibiting the interactions of nucleic acid binding proteins with their cognate nucleic acids. In order to develop reagents that could also be used to study protein:protein interactions, we have used in vitro selection to search
Campbell TB; Cech TR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and; Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215, USA.
Positions 2-6 of the substrate-binding internal guide sequence (IGS) of the L-21 Sca I form of the Tetrahymena thermophila intron were mutagenized to produce a GN5 IGS library. Ribozymes within the GN5 library capable of efficient cleavage of an 818-nt human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vif-vpr RNA, at 37 degrees C,
Can Med Assoc J. 1995 Dec 1;153(11):1605-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96088804
Ford PM; White C; Kaufmann H; MacTavish J; Pearson M; Ford S; Sankar-Mistry P; Connop P; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection and hepatitis C among inmates of a federal penitentiary for women. DESIGN: Voluntary, anonymous, linked, point-prevalence study involving testing of blood samples for antibodies to HIV and hepatitis C virus. PARTICIPANTS: All inmates of the multilevel securit
Can Med Assoc J. 1995 Dec 1;153(11):1613-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96088805
Hankins C
Although the prevalence of AIDS is still relatively low in many countries in Asia and the Pacific Rim, the rate of HIV transmission in this region continues to rise inexorably and will surpass that of sub-Saharan Africa by 1997. The challenge of mobilizing governments and communities to counter this largely invisible
Friedman EP; Miller RF; Severn A; Williams IG; Shaw PJ; Department of Imaging, University College London Hospitals (NHS); Trust, UK.
Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans occurs with increased frequency in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite the lungs being the portal of entry for the fungus the commonest presentation is with meningitis: Cryptococcal broncho pulmonary infection occurs less commonly. The chest radiographs
Beale TJ; Wetton CW; Crofton ME; Department of Radiology, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
The liver is commonly involved in patients with AIDS and a first line investigation for hepatic dysfunction is liver ultrasound (US) which is often abnormal. It is unclear how these US abnormalities correlate with the underlying pathological processes. A retrospective study was performed in 48 patients with HIV diseas
EMBO J. 1995 Nov 1;14(21):5318-28. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96080167
Ronchi A; Petroni K; Tonelli C; Dipartimento di Genetica e di Biologia dei microrganismi, Milano,; Italy.
The duplicated R and Sn genes regulate the maize anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and encode tissue-specific products that are homologous to helix-loop-helix transcriptional activators. As a consequence of their coupling in the genome, Sn is partially silenced. Genomic restriction analysis failed to reveal gross struc
Nemoto T; Takeshita T; Ishii N; Kondo M; Higuchi M; Satomi S; Nakamura M; Mori S; Sugamura K; Department of Microbiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine,; Sendai, Japan.
Reconstitution with mouse interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) receptor subunits demonstrated that the mouse IL-2 receptor complex was different from the human complex in the alpha chain requirement for the functional mouse receptor complex. The heterotrimeric complex of the mouse exo
Bour H; Peyron E; Gaucherand M; Garrigue JL; Desvignes C; Kaiserlian D; Revillard JP; Nicolas JF; INSERM U.80, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculte A.; Carrel, France.
Contact sensitivity (CS) is a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity to haptens applied epicutaneously and is thought to be mediated, like classical delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, by CD4+ T helper-1 cells. The aim of this study was to identify the effector T cells involved in CS. We studied CS to the strongly
Brown EL; Rivas JM; Ullrich SE; Young CR; Norris SJ; Kripke ML; Department of Immunology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson; Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation suppresses the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to alloantigen by a mechanism involving interleukin (IL)-10. It has been hypothesized, based on this result, that UV irradiation shifts the immune response from a Th1 to a Th2 response. We tested this hypothesis using Borrelia bu
Nakajima A; Azuma M; Kodera S; Nuriya S; Terashi A; Abe M; Hirose S; Shirai T; Yagita H; Okumura K; Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine,; Tokyo, Japan.
Blockade of the interactions between CD28/CTLA-4 and their ligands, CD80 (B7, B7.1)/CD86 (B70, B7.2), seems an attractive means to induce antigen-specific peripheral tolerance in organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Recently, diversities between CD80 and CD86 in expression, regulation, and function have been
Bogen B; Munthe L; Sollien A; Hofgaard P; Omholt H; Dagnaes F; Dembic Z; Lauritzsen GF; Institute of Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Oslo,; Norway.
CD4+ T cells can recognize a processed idiotypic peptide derived from the mouse lambda 2(315) immunoglobulin light chain. The idiotypic peptide is presented on the I-E(d) class II major histocompatibility complex molecule. Mice made transgenic for a lambda 2(315)-specific alpha beta T cell receptor have been demonstra
Takacs K; Douek DC; Altmann DM; Clinical Sciences Centre, Royal Postgraduate Medical School,; Hammersmith Hospital, London, GB.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes are the strongest susceptibility markers for many human autoimmune diseases. A perplexing aspect of this is that HLA alleles can confer either susceptibility or dominant protection. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, the strongest known diabetes susceptibility locus
Carducci A; Frasca M; Grasso A; Terzi I; Avio CM; Department of Experimental, Infective and Public Biomedicine,; University of Pisa, Italy.
In order to evaluate the AIDS related sources of information, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among male young people it was filled in a multi-choice anonymous questionnaire by 2018 subjects, called for the first medical examination to Italian Navy and by 1348 recruits. The data from the latter group were used to
Gen Dent. 1994 Sep-Oct;42(5):446-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96104720
Little JW; Melnick SL; Rhame FS; Balfour HH Jr; Decher L; Rhodus NL; Merry JW; Walker PO; Miller CE; Volberding P; University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN; 55455, USA.
Polymorphism of exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene was investigated by the PCR-RFLP method in a sample of healthy and leukemia-afflicted Black Pied cattle. Allele variety was studied and allele frequencies were determined in a total sample and in the two groups. Alleles mediating resistance (BoLA-DRB3.2*11, *23, and *28) an
Schneider T; Jahn HU; Schmidt W; Riecken EO; Zeitz M; Ullrich R; Department of Medicine, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free; University of Berlin.
Although changes in T lymphocyte subset distribution in the peripheral blood of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are well defined it is not known whether these changes reflect changes in lymphoid compartments clearly involved in HIV related disease like the intestinal mucosa. This study analys
Lankisch PG; Droge M; Gottesleben F; Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal Hospital of Luneburg,; Germany.
To determine the incidence and severity of drug induced acute pancreatitis, data from 45 German centres of gastroenterology were evaluated. Among 1613 patients treated for acute pancreatitis in 1993, drug induced acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in 22 patients (incidence 1.4%). Drugs held responsible were azathioprine
Smid WM; van der Meer J; Halie MR; Department of Haematology, University Hospital Groningen, The; Netherlands.
The efficacy and safety of a monoclonal purified factor VIII concentrate (Hemofil M) were assessed in a historically controlled study in 22 HIV-negative patients with haemophilia A, previously treated with various concentrates. Data from 5 years of follow-up were compared with those from the preceding 6 months. Factor
Goeman J; Kivuvu M; Nzila N; Behets F; Edidi B; Gnaore E; Van Dyck E; St. Louis M; Piot P; Laga M; Projet SIDA, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Zaire.
OBJECTIVES--To compare characteristics of syphilis serological reactivity in HIV positive (+) and HIV negative (-) female sex workers, as well as the serological response to therapy after treatment with intramuscular benzathine penicillin, 2.4 million U weekly, for three consecutive weeks. METHODS--Rapid plasma reagin
Miller RF; Pugsley WB; Griffiths MH; Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School,; UK.
BACKGROUND--Open lung biopsy (OLB) is rarely necessary for investigation of HIV positive patients with acute respiratory episodes because of the high yield from fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). METHODS--A retrospective review of OLB in HIV positive patients admitted to a specialist inpatient
Evans BA; McCormack SM; Kell PD; Parry JV; Bond RA; MacRae KD; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital,; London, UK.
OBJECTIVE--To measure changes in female sexual behaviour, including condom use, and their relationship with the incidence of sexually transmitted and other genital diseases in women during the decade 1982-92. DESIGN--A prospective series of cross-sectional surveys of sexual behaviour reported by a standardised self-ad
Corbett EL; Crossley I; De Cock KM; Miller RF; HIV/AIDS Unit, Camden and Islington Community Health Services NHS; Trust, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK.
Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at an increased risk of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis is rare, but has been reported in four HIV-positive patients, all of whom also had pulmonary infection. In this report we describe an HIV-infe
Martinez-Kinader B; Lipford GB; Wagner H; Heeg K; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical; University of Munich, Germany.
Immunization with exogenous proteins usually fails to immunize CD8+ T cells in vivo. Here we report that chicken ovalbumin (OVA) denatured by heat or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) effectively induced CD8+ cytolytic T cells in vivo. The cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) population generated recognized syngeneic target cells
Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1995 Spring;35(2):15-29. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96037247
Tabbara KF; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud; University, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center,; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Kamoshita K; Shiota M; Sasaki M; Koga Y; Okumura Y; Kido H; Division of Enzyme Chemistry, University of Tokushima.
We recently purified the calcium-independent processing protease named viral envelope glycoprotein maturase (VEM), that converts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 to gp120 and gp41, from the human CD4+ T cell line, Molt-4 clone 8 [Kido, H., Kamoshita, K., Fukutomi, A., a
Khan G; Naase MA; Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine,; Boston, MA 02111, USA.
AIMS--To demonstrate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) gene expression in EBV associated disorders using a new monoclonal antibody (1H4-1) on routinely processed tissues. METHODS--The pressure cooker antigen retrieval method was used for the immunohistochemical demonstration of EBNA-1 gene ex
Atrah HI; Parry JV; Gough D; Tosswill J; Ala FA; West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Service, Edgbaston,; Birmingham.
Since 1985, over 1,800,000 donations have been screened by the West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Service for antibody to HIV. Twelve regular donors gave three or more donations that were alternatingly positive and negative in the screening test, but not confirmed to be HIV positive by supplementary testing. Ext
Puig L; Fernandez-Figueras MT; Ferrandiz C; Ribera M; de Moragas JM; Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau,; Barcelona, Spain.
BACKGROUND: Psoriasiform dermatitis is common in patients with AIDS. The expression of heat shock proteins by keratinocytes has been postulated to be a significant factor in the physiopathology of psoriasis and might be subject to modulation in HIV-infected patients. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the epidermal expr
DeCarlo DK; Penner SL; Schamerloh RJ; Fullard RJ; School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294,; USA.
BACKGROUND: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has been reported as a potential ocular manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study was designed to estimate prevalence of dry eye among HIV-infected males and correlate subjective and objective findings with disease severity. METHODS: All subj
Zuckerman JM; Kaye KM; Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,; USA.
Azithromycin and clarithromycin are structural analogues of erythromycin that have similar mechanisms of action. The newer macrolides have several distinct advantages over erythromycin, including improved oral bioavailability; longer half-life, allowing once or twice daily administration; higher tissue concentrations;
Asanuma H; Inaba Y; Aizawa C; Kurata T; Tamura S; Department of Pathology, National Institute of Health, Tokyo,; Japan.
A reproducible method for isolation of mouse nasal lymphocytes was developed. The cells were released from tissue fragments of dissected mouse nose by enzyme extraction with collagenase and separated by a stepwise Percoll gradient centrifugation. The partially purified nasal lymphocyte fraction from normal BALB/c mice
Kitagaki H; Fujisawa S; Watanabe K; Hayakawa K; Shiohara T; Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine,; Tokyo, Japan.
Repeated administration of antigen often leads to consequences different from those expected with fewer encounters with the antigen, but little attention has been paid to the effects of repeated epicutaneous application of antigens. To investigate whether repeated epicutaneous application of a contact-sensitizing agen
Kooijman R; Scholtens LE; Rijkers GT; Zegers BJ; Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and; Youth Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been implicated in playing a regulatory role in T cell development and in T cell function. We demonstrate the presence of type I IGF receptors on human thymocytes using radioligand binding assays and flowcytometric analysis. The relative potencies of IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin f
Many MC; Maniratunga S; Varis I; Dardenne M; Drexhage HA; Denef JF; Laboratory of Histology, Catholic University of Louvain, Medical; School, Brussels, Belgium.
The administration of a high iodide dose (HID; 10 micrograms/day) to goitrous mice is known to induce thyroid cell necrosis and inflammation, which, in most strains, is transient. In this study, we analyzed the effects of iodide in autoimmune prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Control NOD mice fed a standard diet (M
Leite-de-Moraes MC; Touraine P; Kelly PA; Kuttenn F; Dardenne M; Universite Rene Descartes, Paris V, CNRS URA 1461, Hopital; Necker, Paris, France.
Previous reports demonstrated that prolactin receptors (PRL-R) are widely expressed on cells of the immune system. We analyzed a possible regulation of PRL-R expression on human mononucleated blood cells by prolactin (PRL) itself. PRL-R expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence on T and B lymphocytes and monocytes
Lichtor T; Glick RP; Kim TS; Hand R; Cohen EP; Division of Neurosurgery, Cook County Hospital, Chicago,; Illinois, USA.
A novel approach toward the treatment of glioma was developed in a murine model. The genes for both interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were first transfected into a mouse fibroblast cell line that expresses defined major histocompatibility complex (M
Jones QJ; Garsia RJ; Wu RT; Job RF; Dunn SM; Medical Psychology Unit, University of Sydney, Australia.
AIM. This study examines the relationship between anxiety, psychological state and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) stages as defined by the Centers for Disease Control at the time of initial screening for HIV in a cohort of people with haemophilia who were at risk of prior exposure to HIV transmission from blood pr
J Med Chem. 1995 Nov 24;38(24):4830-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96083811
Proudfoot JR; Hargrave KD; Kapadia SR; Patel UR; Grozinger KG; McNeil DW; Cullen E; Cardozo M; Tong L; Kelly TA; et al; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield,; Connecticut 06877, USA.
The major cause of viral resistance to the potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor nevirapine is the mutation substituting cysteine for tyrosine-181 in RT (Y181C RT). An evaluation, against Y181C RT, of previous
J Med Chem. 1995 Nov 24;38(24):4839-47. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96083812
Kelly TA; Proudfoot JR; McNeil DW; Patel UR; David E; Hargrave KD; Grob PM; Cardozo M; Agarwal A; Adams J; Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim; Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA.
Molecular modeling analysis of the recently published X-ray crystal structure of nevirapine bound to wild type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (WT-RT) indicated the presence of a lipophilic cavity proximal to the 4-position o
Garcia-Martinez LF; Mavankal G; Peters P; Wu-Baer F; Gaynor RB; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical; Center at Dallas 75235, USA.
In this study we have defined the in vitro requirements for transcriptional regulation of the HIV-2 LTR in response to the HIV-1 and HIV-2 Tat proteins and addressed potential mechanisms of Tat function. HIV-2 contains a duplicated TAR RNA stem-loop structure in contrast to the single stem-loop structure found in HIV-
Yang WP; Green K; Pinz-Sweeney S; Briones AT; Burton DR; Barbas CF 3rd; Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La; Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
We describe the investigation of methodologies for the creation of very high affinity human antibodies. The high affinity human antibody b4/12 was optimized for its affinity to the human envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Five libraries of b4/12 were constructed by saturation m
Med Clin (Barc). 1995 Oct 14;105(12):446-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96077784
Cruz Garcia M; de Jose I; Hawkins F; Bates I; Martinez Zapico R; Ferreira A; Fontan G; Unidad de Inmunologia, Hospital La Paz, Madrid.
BACKGROUND: The early diagnosis of vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection cannot be based on the presence of specific serum antibodies since those of the maternal IgG class pass the placenta and may be detected in children for up to 18 months. Based on this fact, the aim of this study was to eva
Med Clin (Barc). 1995 Oct 14;105(12):461-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96077788
Calderon-Osuna E; Vinuesa M; Fernandez-Machin P; Mendoza E; Gallardo JA; Pineda JA; Departamento de Medicine Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen; del Rocio, Sevilla.
Cystic lymphoepithelial lesion is an infrequent disorder involving the saliva glands mainly the parotid gland; however, its frequency has increased coinciding with the epidemics of HIV-1 infection. Three cases of parotid lymphoepithelial lesion in patients with HIV-1 infection, 2 of whom were hemophiliacs and one an e
Kusk P; Carlson KE; Warren BS; Hager GL; Laboratory of Molecular Virology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
An in vitro transcription system from mammary cells was established to study transcription of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Experiments with progressive 5 -deletion constructs of the MMTV LTR revealed that a 19-base pair (bp) region from -41 to -23 bp, encompassing the TATA bo
N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 28;333(26):1721-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96092302
Lackritz EM; Satten GA; Aberle-Grasse J; Dodd RY; Raimondi VP; Janssen RS; Lewis WF; Notari EP 4th; Petersen LR; HIV Seroepidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
BACKGROUND. In the United States , transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blood transfusion occurs almost exclusively when a recently infected blood donor is infectious but before antibodies to HIV become detectable (during the window period). We estimated the risk of
Rypens F; Avni EF; Matos C; Pardou A; Struyven J; Department of Radiology, Hospital Erasme, Universite Libre de; Bruxelles, Belgium.
Thanks to the wider use of sonography to examine the spinal content in the neonate, normal anatomy and anomalies may be detected easily. Yet, unusual sonographic patterns are also observed. These must be differentiated from true pathologies. During a prospective study of 103 neurologically asymptomatic neonates, atypi
Guyer B; Strobino DM; Ventura SJ; Singh GK; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Johns Hopkins School of; Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Recent trends in the vital statistics of the United States continued in 1994, including decreases in the number of births, the birth rate, the age-adjusted death rate, and the infant mortality rate. Life expectancy increased slightly to 75.7 years. Only marriages reversed the recent tr
Drotar DD; Agle DP; Eckl CL; Thompson PA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve, University School; of Medicine, USA.
OBJECTIVE. To compare the psychological and family adaptation of children and adolescents with hemophilia who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with an HIV-negative group of comparable age, demographic characteristics, and disease severity in a multi-site study. DESIGN. Cross-sectional,
Chiriboga CA; Vibbert M; Malouf R; Suarez MS; Abrams EJ; Heagarty MC; Brust JC; Hauser WA; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons,; Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
OBJECTIVE. To assess whether prenatal cocaine exposure has any long-term effects on neurodevelopment. DESIGN. A prospective cohort study with examiners blind to drug exposure and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. SUBJECTS. Of 144 high-risk infants enrolled in a perinatal HIV neurodevelopmental study, 119 (83%
Gay CL; Armstrong FD; Cohen D; Lai S; Hardy MD; Swales TP; Morrow CJ; Scott GB; Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine,; FL 33101, USA.
OBJECTIVE. This study documents delays in the mental and motor functioning of infants perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while controlling for confounding effects of prenatal drug exposure, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and maternal separation and death. METHODS. The cognitive and motor de
Coplan J; Dye TD; Contello KA; Cunningham CK; Kirkwood K; Weiner LB; Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York-Health; Science Center at Syracuse 13210, USA.
OBJECTIVE. To describe the epidemiology of newborn seroprevalence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a predominantly white, nonurban population, and to determine the factors associated with enrollment at a regional pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) center serving that population. DESIGN. Retro
Siegel RM; Schubert CJ; Myers PA; Shapiro RA; Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical; Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
OBJECTIVE. To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in sexually abused children and to develop selective criteria for sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing in these children in our community. DESI
Pediatr Med Chir. 1995 Jul-Aug;17(4):331-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96093231
Piazza F; Astori MG; Maccabruni A; Caselli D; Bossi G; Lanzi G; Istituto Neurologico C. Mondino di Pavia, Italia.
138 children born to HIV infected mothers (58 HIV infected and 80 seroreverted uninfected) were followed up at the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the University of Pavia. All patients had an evaluation of neurological assessment every three months done by a pediatric neurologist (Amiel-Tison and Towen) and an eva
The analyse of neopterin (NPT), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in active and passive intravenous drug users was made to show the influence of intravenous drug taking on the level of so called prognostic markers in the serum of HIV infected persons. The intravenous drug users remained in the
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1995 Nov 10;115(27):3361-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96097504
Berild D; Infeksjonsavdelingen Medisinsk klinikk, Oslo.
Records of patients with concomitant HIV infection and human tuberculosis were analysed. Nine out of 232 AIDS patients (4%) developed human tuberculosis with a preponderance (6/9) of immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa. In three patients the diagnosis was delayed because of atypical manifestations of the disease and la
Virology. 1995 Nov 10;213(2):373-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074513
O'Reilly MM; McNally MT; Beemon KL; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,; Maryland 21218, USA.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome contains 20 exons that are alternatively spliced from 16 splice sites to generate more than 40 different mRNAs, including incompletely spliced and unspliced mRNAs. In contrast to avian retroviral RNA, which has a cis-acting element in gag that negatively regulates
Virology. 1995 Nov 10;213(2):386-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074514
Chackerian B; Haigwood NL; Overbaugh J; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle; 98195, USA.
Primate lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are phenotypically diverse, and virus isolates vary in cytopathicity, replication rate, and cell tropism. While all virus isolates infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes, only a subset of strains infect establi
Virology. 1995 Nov 10;213(2):413-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074517
McMillan NA; Chun RF; Siderovski DP; Galabru J; Toone WM; Samuel CE; Mak TW; Hovanessian AG; Jeang KT; Williams BR; Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio; 44195, USA.
We present evidence that the HIV-1 Tat protein and the RNA-dependent cellular protein kinase, PKR, interact with each other both in vitro and in vivo. Using GST fusion chromatography, we demonstrate that PKR, interacts directly with the HIV-1 Tat protein. The region in Tat sufficient for binding PKR maps within amino
Virology. 1995 Nov 10;213(2):439-49. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074519
Stauber R; Gaitanaris GA; Pavlakis GN; Human Retrovirus Section, NCI-FCRDC, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
Expression of gag/pol and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus requires the viral Rev protein. Mutant Rev proteins, displaying a transdominant phenotype (TDRev), were shown to inhibit Rev function. To investigate the underlying mechanism of this inhibition, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria
Virology. 1995 Nov 10;213(2):450-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074520
Leno M; Hague BF; Teller R; Kindt TJ; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville,; Maryland 20852, USA.
Normal rabbit lymphocytes can be infected with HIV-1 although infection is much less efficient than in human lymphocytes. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from rabbits transgenic for human CD4 (HuCD4) were exposed to HIV-1, enhanced infection and a rapid depletion of lymphocytes were observed. Cell death
A comparative study was undertaken to characterize the very early events that distinguish attenuated and pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. Three rhesus macaques were inoculated with the attenuated SIVmac 251 delta nef virus, and three others with a virus of intermediate phenotype, SIVmac 239 n
Virology. 1995 Nov 10;213(2):600-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074535
Stephens EB; Liu ZQ; Zhu GW; Adany I; Joag SV; Foresman L; Berman NE; Narayan O; Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology,; Marion Merrell Dow Laboratory for Viral Pathogenesis, University; of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7240, USA.
Molecularly cloned SIVmac239 is the prototypical SIVmac lymphocyte-tropic virus that replicates productively in lymphocytes but poorly in macrophages. In macaques, the virus causes activation and productive infection of T lymphocytes which invade the central nervous system (CNS) early after infection in the animal. Ho
Virology. 1995 Nov 10;213(2):639-49. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074538
Vincent MJ; Abdul Jabbar M; Department of Molecular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation,; Ohio 44195, USA.
HIV-1 Vpu is a small transmembrane phosphoprotein of 16 kDa which performs critical roles in CD4 proteolysis and virus release. Previous studies have demonstrated that Vpu-induced degradation of CD4 occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and that the proteolytic process is sequence specific requiring both the trans
Virology. 1995 Nov 10;213(2):655-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074540
Buller RM; Burnett J; Chen W; Kreider J; Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892, USA.
Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) infects preadolescent children and sexually active adults, frequently causing a disfiguring cutaneous disease in immunosuppressed HIV-infected individuals. The development of an efficacious treatment regime has been hampered by the failure to replicate the virus in the laboratory. Her
White WI; Cassatt DR; Madsen J; Burke SJ; Woods RM; Wassef NM; Alving CR; Koenig S; Department of Immunology, MedImmune Incorporated, Gaithersburg,; MD 20878, USA.
The development of peptide-based vaccines that elicit antibody (Ab) and cellular immune responses has been hampered by the lack of highly immunogenic formulations. In this study, we compared the induction of Ab and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to a peptide derived from the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 (P18 and its
In the spring of 1991, a survey was carried out in the open drug scene in Zurich s Platzspitz area with the objective of studying drug users behaviour with regard to relationships and sexuality, a random sample of 654 users (both male and female) of illegal drugs being interviewed and the data drawn from these interv
Schaller G; Harding TW; Institut universitaire de medecine legale, Geneve.
Informations on HIV/AIDS in prisons which include 32 prison-systems in 17 European countries have been collected. The principle of equivalence of preventive measures and health care between prisons and the outside community, prison authorities should strive to prevent HIV transmission in prisons. There have been major
Hautekeete ML; Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Free University of; Brussels (AZ-VUB), Belgium.
Several antibiotics can cause severe hepatic injury. It is the purpose of this paper to review the main antibiotics that can cause hepatic injury and discuss the presentation, pattern, and outcome of hepatic injury. In the case of the penicillins, the combination amoxycillin-clavulanate and the penicillinase-resistant
Fatty acids in plasma phospholipids were studied in 35 severely malnourished young children with a median age of 29 mo (range: 9-43 mo), who were either seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) (n = 16) or suffered from asymptomatic (stage P-1; n = 12) or symptomatic (stage P-2; n = 7) HIV disease. The ma
A series of inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteinase containing the 2-aralkyl-amino-substituted statine moiety as a novel transition-state analog was synthesized, with the aim to obtain compounds which combine anti-HIV potency with oral bioavailability. The reduced-size 2-aminobenzylstatine
Severini A; Liu XY; Wilson JS; Tyrrell DL; Glaxo Heritage Research Institute, Department of Medical; Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta,; Edmonton, Canada.
We have used the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction of viral core particles from duck liver to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication by the nucleoside analog (-)-beta-L-2 ,3 -dideoxy-3 -thiacytidine ( 3TC
Reedijk M; Boucher CA; van Bommel T; Ho DD; Tzeng TB; Sereni D; Veyssier P; Jurriaans S; Granneman R; Hsu A; et al; Department of Internal Medicine (Clinical AIDS Unit), University; of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
A77003, an inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease, was administered to asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients in a phase I trial. The drug was given by continuous intravenous infusion at dosages of 0.035, 0.07, 0.14, and 0.28 mg/kg of body weight per h. The drug was given first for 24 h an
Boyer PL; Hughes SH; Advanced BioScience Laboratories-Basic Research Program, National; Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development; Center, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
We have analyzed recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptases that contain mutations at position 184. These variants retain high levels of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and show resistance to ddITP. However, the mutants varied in their ability to polymerize processively. The variants
Ann Rheum Dis. 1995 Oct;54(10):836-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96097726
van Roon JA; van Roy JL; Duits A; Lafeber FP; Bijlsma JW; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Utrecht, The; Netherlands.
OBJECTIVES--To investigate the role of T helper-1 cell (Th1) activation in the induction of proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMNC) and the subsequent possible beneficial role of the T helper-2 cell (Th2) cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-
Ann Rheum Dis. 1995 Oct;54(10):846-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96097728
Horneff G; Dirksen U; Schulze-Koops H; Emmrich F; Wahn V; Department of Paediatrics, University of Dusseldorf, Germany.
OBJECTIVE--To study the effect of anti-CD4 treatment in patients suffering from refractory systemic onset juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). METHODS--Two children were treated with the mouse CD4 antibody MAX.16H5. The effects on numbers of circulating CD4 T cells, clinical symptoms and C reactive protein (CRP) level we
Santaella RO; Fishman EK; Lipsett PA; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Md, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics of patient presentation, microbiology, and treatment of primary iliopsoas abscess. DESIGN: A case series of patients with iliopsoas abscess diagnosed on computed tomographic scans from 1987 to 1994. SETTING: Tertiary care inner-city university hospital. PATIENTS: Eleven patient
Sacktor N; Van Heertum RL; Dooneief G; Gorman J; Khandji A; Marder K; Nour R; Todak G; Stern Y; Mayeux R; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of; Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether technetium Tc 99m exametazime (HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can distinguish between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive homosexual men with normal neuropsychologic test results and HIV-positive homosexual men with abnormal neuropsychologic test resul
Marder K; Liu X; Stern Y; Malouf R; Dooneief G; Bell K; Todak G; Joseph M; Sorrell S; el Sadr W; et al; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
BACKGROUND: Although the proportion of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related to intravenous drug use has increased dramatically over the past decade, there has been no longitudinal examination of primary neurologic disease in this group. OBJECTIVE: To study the development of neurologic disease in human
Biochem J. 1995 Nov 15;312 ( Pt 1):115-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96077134
Magnani M; Brandi G; Casabianca A; Fraternale A; Schiavano GF; Rossi L; Chiarantini L; Istituto di Chimica Biologica G. Fornaini, Universita degli; Studi di Urbino, Italy.
2 ,3 -Dideoxycytidine ( ddC ) is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vitro and is currently used in the therapy of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This compound exerts a delayed cyto
Lin LZ; Hu SF; Chai HB; Pengsuparp T; Pezzuto JM; Cordell GA; Ruangrungsi N; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of; Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
From Hymenocallis littoralis, one new alkaloid, named littoraline, together with 13 known lycorine alkaloids and one lignan, were isolated. The structure and NMR assignments of this new alkaloid were determined by 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Littoraline showed inhibitory activity of HIV reverse transcriptase, and lycori
Lauritzen T; Leboeuf-Yde C; Lunde IM; Nielsen KD; Nordic Institute for Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics,; Odense, Denmark.
BACKGROUND. There is increasing political pressure on the medical profession to approach welfare diseases, such as coronary heart disease and diabetes, through prevention. General practitioners are required to offer regular health checks to healthy people, in spite of the lack of scientific evidence for the universal
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):877-84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020088
Ayehunie S; Groves RW; Bruzzese AM; Ruprecht RM; Kupper TS; Langhoff E; Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections involve sexual contact and virus passage across mucosal surfaces. While Langerhans cells (LCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in mucosal infection, their role is undefined. Here we demonstrate that acutely HIV-1-infected LCs and DCs effectivel
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):885-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020089
Smithgall MD; Wong JG; Linsley PS; Haffar OK; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle,; Washington 98121, USA.
Stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via the TCR-CD3 complex induces HIV-1 production in vitro (Zarling JM, et al.: Nature [London] 1990;347:92; Haffar OK, et al.: J Virol 1992;66:4279; Moran PM, et al.: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993;9:45
P-glycoprotein (P-gp/P-170), a transmembrane efflux pump known to be one of the mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance in cancer therapy, is constitutively expressed in several solid human tissues as well as in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells. In particular, this molecule has been as
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):903-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020091
Riviere Y; McChesney MB; Porrot F; Tanneau-Salvadori F; Sansonetti P; Lopez O; Pialoux G; Feuillie V; Mollereau M; Chamaret S; et al; URA CNRS 1157 Departement des Retrovirus, Institut Pasteur,; Paris, France.
The duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection prior to the development of AIDS is variable, and for most patients the exact time of infection is not known. A group of 38 HIV-1-infected subjects was tested while asymptomatic for comparative cytotoxic lymphocyte responses to the Gag and envelope antigen
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):909-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/J04498
Franchini G; Robert-Guroff M; Tartaglia J; Aggarwal A; Abimiku A; Benson J; Markham P; Limbach K; Hurteau G; Fullen J; et al; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Immunization schemes employing priming with vector-based vaccine candidates followed by subunit booster administrations have been explored and shown to have merit in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus systems. In this study, we have assessed the priming capacity of highly
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):921-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020093
Lachman LB; Shih LC; Rao XM; Hu X; Bucana CD; Ullrich SE; Cleland JL; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson; Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Dehydration-rehydration liposome vesicles (DRVs) containing various cytokines were evaluated for their ability to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and humoral immunity to the recombinant envelope protein rgp120 of the MN strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The DRVs trapped approximately 25
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):933-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020094
Okuda K; Bukawa H; Hamajima K; Kawamoto S; Sekigawa K; Yamada Y; Tanaka S; Ishi N; Aoki I; Nakamura M; Department of Bacteriology, Yokohama City University School of; Medicine, Japan.
DNA vaccines have the potential of giving rise to a potent cell-mediated immune response by inducing intracellular synthesis and subsequent antigenic presentation of encoded antigens. We have tested a DNA vaccine specific for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by the injection of animals with expression plasm
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):945-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020095
Orsini MJ; Thakur AN; Andrews WW; Hammarskjold ML; Rekosh D; Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, New York; 14214, USA.
We have developed a simple and rapid procedure for the purification of large amounts of Rev protein overexpressed in E. coli. The purification method, which does not require denaturation of the protein, takes advantage of the positively charged nature of Rev and the ability of Rev to interact with nucleic acids. The p
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):955-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020096
Bui T; Watanabe R; Kennedy B; Unadkat JD; Morton WR; Ho RJ; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle; 98195, USA.
We have characterized the ability of a simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVmne strain E11S, to infect macaque placental trophoblast and Hofbauer cells. These primary placental cells were permissive to SIVmne infection, regardless of gestational age. Virus production by the infected cells was determined as time-dependent
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):963-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020097
Montefiori DC; Reimann KA; Letvin NL; Zhou J; Hu SL; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,; North Carolina 27710, USA.
Questions regarding the potential impact of complement-activating antibodies on lentivirus pathogenesis and vaccine development were addressed in the SIV/macaque model by evaluating sera for activity related to complement-mediated, antibody-dependent enhancement (C -ADE) of SIV infection in vitro. C -ADE activity in s
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):971-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020098
Pinter C; Siccardi AG; Lopalco L; Longhi R; Clivio A; Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per le Scienze Mediche,; L.I.T.A. Vialba, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
We have shown that complement factor H (CFH) interacts with HIV-1 at the level of the sequence Env 105-119, contained in the C1 domain of gp120. CFH interaction with HIV was evident only after dissociation of the Env complex induced by exposure to sCD4. We hypothesized that CFH could act as a gp41 analog in the intera
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):981-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/L35459
Ranjbar S; Slade A; Jenkins A; Heath A; Kitchin P; Almond N; Osmanov S; Holmes H; National Institute for Biological Standard and Control, AIDS; Collaborating Centre, South Mimms, Potters Bar, UK.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):985-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020100
Durand JP; Tuppin P; Maison P; Galat G; Galat-Luong A; Jeannel D; De The G; Institut de Medecine Tropicale du Service de Sante des Armees,; Marseille, France.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):989-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/Z46837
Mauclere P; Mahieux R; Garcia-Calleja JM; Salla R; Tekaia F; Millan J; De The G; Gessain A; Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde.
Among 332 female sex workers in Douala, Cameroon , 113 were HIV-1 seropositive, 3 were HTLV-I seropositive, and only 1 had specific anti-HTLV-II antibodies. By cocultivation with BJAB cells, an HTLV-II was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of this 32-year-old wo
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):995-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/L41179
Leitner T; Alaeus A; Marquina S; Lilja E; Lidman K; Albert J; Department of Clinical Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious; Disease Control/Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Aug;11(8):999-1001. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/U26307
Arnold C; Barlow KL; Kaye S; Loveday C; Balfe P; Clewley JP; Hepatitis and Retrovirus Laboratory, Central Public Health; Laboratory, London, United Kingdom.
Nikolopoulos TP; Gamatsi IE; Lioumi DE; Apostolopoulos NJ; Department of Pediatrics, Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens,; Greece.
Adolescents and young adults compromise one of the fastest-growing categories of AIDS cases. The results of an opinion survey taken of 3242 adolescents raise serious doubts about the prevalent view that high-risk behaviour is attributable to insufficient information and education on AIDS: female adolescents are found
Newell A; Francis N; Nelson M; HIV/GUM Unit, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London.
Hepatitis in the context of HIV infection is commonplace, but the causative agent is not always readily identifiable. This review highlights the differential diagnosis of hepatitis in that context, examining the interrelationships and interactions between the four main hepatitis viruses and HIV.
Brinkworth RI; Fairlie DP; Centre for Drug Design and Development, University of Queensland,; Brisbane, Australia.
Quinones with one, two and three aromatic rings are a new class of micromolar non-peptidic inhibitors of HIV-1 proteinase, an enzyme essential for replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and an important drug target for AIDS. Substituted anthraquinones bearing hydroxyl substituents on one of their three rings were
J Vet Med Sci. 1995 Apr;57(2):307-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96114695
Hirai N; Furuyama H; Awaya A; Onuma M; Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,; Hokkaido University, Japan.
The effect of serum thymic factor (FTS) administration in bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV)-infected calves and rabbits was examined. We previously found that some of the macrophage functions were depressed and humoral immune responses against foreign proteins were delayed in BIV-infected calves compared to uni
Blood. 1995 Dec 1;86(11):4063-75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96082159
Waldmann TA; White JD; Carrasquillo JA; Reynolds JC; Paik CH; Gansow OA; Brechbiel MW; Jaffe ES; Fleisher TA; Goldman CK; et al; Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a malignancy of mature lymphocytes caused by the retrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I. It is an aggressive leukemia with a median survival time of 9 months; no chemotherapy regimen appears successful in inducing long-term disease-free survival. The scientific basis of the present
Infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells with the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been proposed as an explanation for the cytopenias associated with HCMV-related disease. To test this hypothesis, CD34+ cells, which include the hematopoietic progenitors, as well as mature leukoc
Blood. 1995 Dec 1;86(11):4199-205. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96082175
Brunetti M; Martelli N; Colasante A; Piantelli M; Musiani P; Aiello FB; Department of Human Pathology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti,; Italy.
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis is a well-recognized physiologic regulator of murine T-cell number and function. We have analyzed its mechanisms in human mature T cells, which have been thought to be insensitive until recently. Peripheral blood T cells showed sensitivity to GC-induced apoptosis soon after the pr
Blood. 1995 Dec 1;86(11):4243-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96082180
Akagi T; Ono H; Shimotohno K; Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute,; Tokyo, Japan.
Peripheral blood T cells were immortalized in vitro by introduction of the Tax1 gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) with a retroviral vector and were characterized for transformation-associated markers. Long-term observation showed that these Tax1-immortalized T cells eventually exhibited very similar
Blood. 1995 Dec 1;86(11):4337-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96082192
Giralt S; Hester J; Huh Y; Hirsch-Ginsberg C; Rondon G; Seong D; Lee M; Gajewski J; Van Besien K; Khouri I; et al; Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson; Cancer Center, Houston 77031, USA.
Donor lymphocyte infusions can reinduce complete remission in the majority of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who relapse into chronic phase after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Such infusions are associated with a high incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and marrow aplasia. B
Blood. 1995 Dec 1;86(11):4344-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96082193
Schultz KR; Bader S; Paquet J; Li W; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia,; Vancouver, Canada.
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) caused by T-cell recognition of minor histocompatibility (MiHC) antigens is a major complication of bone marrow transplantation. GVHD therapy has focused on removal or suppression of donor T cells, but modulation of MiHC antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells may represent an alternative
Blood. 1995 Dec 1;86(11):4353-66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96082194
Blazar BR; Taylor PA; Vallera DA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Hospital,; Minneapolis 55455, USA.
To determine if in utero transplantation could restore the immune system of mice with a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) disorder, C57BL/6Sz-scid/scid fetuses were injected on day 14/15 of gestation with adult congenic donor bone marrow (BM) cells. Congenic BM engrafted in one of eight (13%) recipients. Reconst
Trends Health Care Law Ethics. 1995 Summer;10(3):27-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96088364
Money J
The term masturbation entered the English language in 1776 in the translation of Tissot s Treatise on the Diseases Produced by Onanism. Tissot linked semen conservation theory from antiquity with degeneracy theory and attributed degeneration and death from the social disease (syphilis and gonorrhea) to semen wastage n
Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) of the oral cavity is rare. When it occurs, one should be suspicious of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). NHL is the second most common malignancy associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This report describes the occurrence of a maxillary NHL as
Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1995 Jul;31B(4):280-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96103639
Flaitz CM; Nichols CM; Hicks MJ; Department of Stomatology, University of Texas-Houston Health; Science Center, USA.
The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the effect of intralesional vinblastine administration on intraoral Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in AIDS patients. One hundred and forty-four KS lesions in 50 HIV-positive homosexual males (mean CD4 count 64/mm3) were treated periodically with intralesional vinblastine inje
Ocular microangiopathic syndrome including retinal and conjunctival abnormalities is frequently found in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is the most frequent neoplasia found in patients with HIV-1 disease. We have recently reported a significant association betw
Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo K; Service d'Ophtralmologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa,; Zaire.
OBJECTIVE: a clinical study of patients with ocular adnexal Kaposi s sarcoma was undertaken to study its clinical characteristics. METHODS: A review of all patients with biopsy confirmed ocular adnexal Kaposi s sarcoma seen between 1962 and 1991. RESULTS: There were eleven patients during this period with the incidenc
Hillman AL; School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,; USA.
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of medical interventions, particularly pharmaceuticals, has been the focus of much debate in this country over the past few years. Although the support for efficient utilization of monies is widespread, the delicate balance between optimizing patient outcome with the costs to do so in
Luce BR; MEDTAP International, Inc., Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA.
The field of cost-effectiveness has been quietly evolving for several decades. However, concerns and controversies have recently surfaced regarding the lack of standardization with which cost-effectiveness analyses are performed. This attention is due to the increasing use of the technique in rationing health care, se
Bozzette SA; Medical Service, San Diego Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, CA; 92161, USA.
HIV disease is an epidemic with unique features that make it a challenging topic for pharmacoeconomic analysis. Unlike many other illnesses, the lengthy course of HIV disease, its relatively high incidence among young and productive individuals, and management of drug toxicities have an enormous impact on total costs.
Simpson KN; Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public; Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7400,; USA.
Cost-effectiveness (CE) ratios are indicators of comparative efficiency of competing drugs. Unfortunately, they are subject to variations, depending on factors such as the study population chosen, the comparison treatment selected, and the economic analysis methods employed. CE ratios tend to be unfavorably skewed in
Schmid GP; Program Evaluation and Prevention Health Services Research; Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta,; Georgia 30333, USA.
Economic evaluation (EE) answers the following simple question: From which course of action do we get the most value for our money? We ask this question because resources are always limited, i.e., we never have enough money to do all the things we would like to do. Three types of economic evaluations are used: cost-ef
Tibbs CJ; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
The route of transmission of hepatitis C virus is still controversial. Parenteral exposure via blood or blood products leads to infection in the majority of cases, and the majority of intravenous drug users become infected by repetitive exposure to contaminated injection equipment. The risk of infection from a single
Woto-Gaye G; Boissy L; Mendes V; Boye IA; Boucal JC; Ndiaye PD; Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques-Faculte de; Medecine et de Pharmacie de Dakar.
The authors report the results of a retrospective and comparative study of anatomo-clinical aspects of ganglionic tuberculosis carried out over two periods of five years each: first period: 1962-1966; second period: 1988-1992. This study shows a higher prevalence of this disease among children during the first period
Faty Ndiaye C; Diallo B; Dia Tine S; Larroque G; Mboup S; Coll Seck AM; Institut d'Odonto-Stomatologie, Universite de Dakar.
The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study, conducted in Senegal on dental personnel. This study allows them to confirm that professional dental practice is a factor of risk for the HIV infection. This study recommends work methods to the dental profession.
Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Aug;23(8):799-805. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020207
Potts W; van Horn R; Anderson K; Blake T; Garver E; Joseph G; Dreyer G; Shu A; Heys R; Fong KL; Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, SmithKline; Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
The metabolic fate of SK&F 107461 [Cbz-Ala-Ala-Phe psi [CHOHCH2] Gly-Val-Val-OMe], a potent and specific inhibitor of the protease encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1, in male Sprague-Dawley rats is described. SK&F 107461 is a hexapeptide analog containing a hydroxyethylene linkage in place of one of
Scaravelli G; Thorne C; Newell ML; Department of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health,; London, UK.
In view of the increasing heterosexual spread of HIV and reports of interventions which reduce the rate of mother to child transmission, a postal questionnaire survey was performed to determine the strategies for the management of pregnancy and delivery in HIV-infected women in 56 obstetric centres in 21 European coun
Menendez-Arias L; Weber IT; Oroszlan S; Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de; Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,; Spain.
The differences in substrate specificity between Moloney murine leukemia virus protease (MuLV PR) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) PR were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Various amino acids, which are predicted to form the substrate binding site of MuLV PR, were replaced by the equivalent ones in HIV
Franzen C; Muller A; Hegener P; Salzberger B; Hartmann P; Fatkenheuer G; Diehl V; Schrappe M; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne,; Germany.
Intestinal microsporidiosis has been implicated as a major cause of chronic diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. So far diagnosis depends on direct visualization of the parasites by light and transmission electron microscopy. We evaluated t
Matter L; Germann D; Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Bern,; Switzerland.
We compared an automated microparticle double-antigen sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the IMx test system recently developed by Abbott with two established assays (the automated indirect Vidas IgG EIA and the double-antigen sandwich EIA from Murex/Wellcome) devised for the detection of human immunodeficiency vir
Dupon M; Cazenave J; Pellegrin JL; Ragnaud JM; Cheyrou A; Fischer I; Leng B; Lacut JY; Service de Medecine Interne, Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux,; France.
To investigate whether both tissue culture and PCR on a sequence from the repetitive rDNA could contribute to the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, blood samples and, if they were available, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and aqueous humor samples from 72 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with suspected toxoplas
Tano H; Fan K; Kitajima MA; Kasai K; Tamatsukuri S; Furuichi Y; Hayashi T; Kondo M; Imai M; Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.,; Japan.
We report here a novel method by which one can recover human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA in a small volume (approximately 50 microliters) of solution from 8 ml of crude cell lysate which contains as few as several HIV DNA copies. The method uses the specific binding of HIV DNA to HIV probe DNA particles. The HIV
Dumonceau JM; Fonteyne PA; Realini L; Van Gossum A; Van Vooren JP; Portaels F; Department of Gastroenterology, Hopital Erasme, Universite; Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Mycobacterium genavense species-specific DNA was detected in intestinal tissues from two of nine individuals not infected with human immunodeficiency virus. This newly described microorganism is well documented as a causative agent of disseminated infections in AIDS patients. Our results suggest that it may colonize t
Gleditsia saponin C [1] and gymnocladus saponin G [2] were isolated from Gleditsia japonica and Gymnocladus chinensis, respectively, as anti-HIV principles. Compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated inhibitory effects against HIV replication in H-9 cells with EC50 values of 1.1 and 2.7 microM, respectively. Evaluation of the ant
Gomez RS; da Costa JE; Loyola AM; de Araujo NS; de Araujo VC; Departamento de Clinica, Patologia e Cirurgia da Faculdade de; Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo; Horizonte, Brasil.
Severe forms of periodontal disease are frequent in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Linear gingival erythema (LGE) is a progressive disease described in HIV-positive patients and is considered to be an early stage of necrotizing periodontitis. Although clinical and microbiological differences
Harouse JM; Collman RG; Gonzalez-Scarano F; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6146, USA.
The primary receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the CD4 molecule; however, in vitro evidence suggests that a neutral glycolipid, galactosyl ceramide (GalCer) or a derivative molecule, 3 sulfogalactosyl ceramide (GalS), may serve as an alternative receptor for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in cells of neural and c
Cosset FL; Takeuchi Y; Battini JL; Weiss RA; Collins MK; Chester Beatty Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London,; United Kingdom.
Novel retroviral protein expression constructs were designed to retain minimal retroviral sequences and to express dominant selectable markers by reinitiation of translation after expression of the viral genes. HT1080 cells were selected as producer cells for their ability to release high-titer viruses that are resist
Biswas DK; Salas TR; Wang F; Ahlers CM; Dezube BJ; Pardee AB; Division of Cell Growth and Regulation, Dana-Farber Cancer; Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
The virus-encoded Tat protein strongly activates transcription of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A well-recognized mechanism involves interaction of Tat with the nascent RNA transcript of the viral tar gene; mutation of tar greatly decreases activation by Tat. However, Tat still provides a low level of activation
Kishi M; Zheng YH; Bahmani MK; Tokunaga K; Takahashi H; Kakinuma M; Lai PK; Nonoyama M; Luftig RB; Ikuta K; Section of Serology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Proviral DNA from cells surviving severe but transient cytopathic effects, mediated by infection with recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) carrying a single gene mutation at vif, vpr, or vpu, was characterized by use of HIV-1-specific primer pairs in a two-step PCR. Deletion mutations were detected
Strunnikova N; Ray SC; Livingston RA; Rubalcaba E; Viscidi RP; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Phylogenetic analysis was used to study in vivo genetic variation of the V3 region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in relation to disease progression in six infants with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nucleotide sequences from each infant formed a monophyletic group with simi
Baskerville S; Zapp M; Ellington AD; Department of Chemistry and Microbiology, Indiana University,; Bloomington 47405, USA.
Interactions between the Rex protein of HTLV-1 and the genomic Rex-binding element (XBE) mediate the cytoplasmic transport of viral mRNAs. However, it is uncertain which RNA sequences and structures contribute to Rex recognition. A portion of the viral genome that spanned the XBE was partially randomized, and function
Watanabe N; Yugawa T; Ikawa Y; Amanuma H; Laboratory of Gene Technology and Safety, Tsukuba Life Science; Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN),; Ibaraki, Japan.
Friend spleen focus-forming virus (F-SFFV) causes acute erythroleukemia in mice and encodes in its defective env gene an Env-like membrane glycoprotein (gp55). The F-SFFV env gene has three characteristic structures compared with that of ecotropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs): substitution by the polytropic MuLV en
Brady HJ; Abraham DJ; Pennington DJ; Miles CG; Jenkins S; Dzierzak EA; Laboratory of Gene Structure and Expression, National Institute; for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom.
Examination of the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) regulatory gene products and the host immune system is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis of HIV and could reveal possible targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of AIDS. The HIV Tat gene is a potential candidate for th
Liu H; Wu X; Newman M; Shaw GM; Hahn BH; Kappes JC; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; 35294, USA.
The vif gene of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) encodes a late gene product that is essential for viral infectivity in natural target cells. Virions produced in the absence of Vif are abnormal in their ultrastructural morphology and are severely impaired in the ability to complete proviral DNA
Schubert U; Clouse KA; Strebel K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460,; USA.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific Vpu protein is a small integral membrane phosphoprotein that induces degradation of the virus receptor CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum and, independently, increases the release of progeny virions from infected cells. To address the importance of Vpu for virus replicati
Franco MA; Greenberg HB; Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford; University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA.
The immune mechanisms involved in clearance of and immunity to rotavirus infection are poorly understood. Although mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID mice) become chronically infected, nude mice have been reported to clear rotavirus infection similarly to immunocompetent controls. To better characterize
van der Kuyl AC; Dekker JT; Goudsmit J; Human Retrovirus Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam,; The Netherlands.
PCR amplification of baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) long terminal repeat, reverse transcriptase gene, and env fragments from 24 different species of African monkeys indicates that BaEV is less widespread than was formerly thought. Instead of being present in every species of African primates, BaEV can be found only in
Di Marzio P; Choe S; Ebright M; Knoblauch R; Landau NR; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, New York, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr is a virion-associated, regulatory protein that is required for efficient viral replication in monocytes/macrophages. The protein is believed to act in conjunction with the Gag matrix protein to allow import of the viral preintegration complex in nondividing cells. In cells, Vpr
Buonaguro L; Del Guadio E; Monaco M; Greco D; Corti P; Beth-Giraldo E; Buonaguro FM; Giraldo G; Division of Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione; G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 asymptomatic seropositive pregnant women from the district of Gulu in northern Uganda . A 700-bp fragment of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env gene, including the V3-V5 region, was successfully amplified by PCR
Amedee AM; Lacour N; Gierman JL; Martin LN; Clements JE; Bohm R Jr; Harrison RM; Murphey-Corb M; Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; 70433, USA.
To understand viral and host factors that contribute to transplacental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, we developed an animal model using pregnant female macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Pregnant females were inoculated intravenously during midgestation with either a well-chara
Parthasarathi S; Varela-Echavarria A; Ron Y; Preston BD; Dougherty JP; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Robert Wood; Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of; New Jersey, Piscataway 08854-5635, USA.
Retroviruses evolve at rapid rates, which is presumably advantageous for responding to selective pressures. Understanding the basic mutational processes involved during retroviral replication is important for comprehending the ability of retroviruses to escape immunosurveillance and antiviral drug treatment. Moreover,
Hui R; Curtis JF; Sumner MT; Shears SB; Glasgow WC; Eling TE; Eicosanoid Biochemistry Section, National Institute of; Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North; Carolina 27709, USA.
Prostaglandin E2 is observed at elevated levels during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and thus may contribute to the HIV-dependent immunosuppression. The mechanisms responsible for this increase are not understood. Evidence indicates that the viral envelope proteins perturb membrane signaling mediated by
Poss M; Martin HL; Kreiss JK; Granville L; Chohan B; Nyange P; Mandaliya K; Overbaugh J; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle; 98195, USA.
In order to develop a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine with global efficacy, it is important to evaluate the virus populations that are transmitted to individuals living in high-incidence areas. To determine the nature of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 population transmitted to women during heteros
Castro RF; Perlman S; Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242,; USA.
CD8+ T cells with cytotoxic activity against the surface glycoprotein (S) of mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM, have been identified in the central nervous system (CNS) of both acutely and chronically infected C57BL/6 mice. In this report, two specific epitopes recognized by these CNS-derived cells were identified, us
Huang Y; Zhang L; Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of; Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
We have previously shown that there were no gross deletions or obvious sequence abnormalities within nef of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the 10 long-term survivors studied (Y. Huang, L. Zhang, and D. D. Ho, J. Virol. 69:93-100, 1995). Here we extend our study to examine these nef alleles in a functio
Pelchen-Matthews A; Clapham P; Marsh M; Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology,; University College London, United Kingdom.
We have analyzed the role of CD4 endocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry by measuring the infection of HeLa cells expressing various CD4 constructs with endocytosis rates of between 0.2 and 30%/min in a quantitative infectious focus assay. For a number of laboratory-adapted HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains, the
Manickan E; Rouse BT; Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine,; University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0845, USA.
Herpes simplex virus infection of the scarified dermis results in infection of the nervous system and, subsequently, a cutaneous lesion in the innervated dermatome. We compared the pathogenesis of such zosteriform lesions in mice lacking or severely depleted of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells because of targeted gene disruption.
Med Clin (Barc). 1995 Oct 21;105(13):500-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96077776
Miro O; Masanes F; Pedrol E; Garcia-Carrasco M; Mallolas J; Casademont J; Grau JM; Servicio de Medicina Interna General, Hospital Clinic i; Provincial, Barcelona.
BACKGROUND: Several cases of nemaline myopathy (NM) have been described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The clinical and histological characteristics of classical NM are known, but remain to be defined in HIV positive patients. METHODS: A retrospective review of the NM over a 12-year per
Lwin T; Nakashima I; Nagase F; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University School of Medicine,; Aichi, Japan.
CD4+ T-depleted spleen cells (CD8+ T cells) activated by anti-CD3 antibodies (aCD3) suppressed proliferation of CD8+ T-depleted spleen cells (CD4+ T cells) and fresh normal T cells in response to aCD3. Antigen-nonspecific cytolytic activity was induced in splenic CD8+ T cells by stimulation with aCD3 and showed the pe
Bukawa H; Fukushima J; Hamajima K; Kimura M; Tsuji T; Xin KQ; Okuda K; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City; University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
The amino acid sequence of the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of 224 cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was determined and the most frequently occurring sequence was used as a peptide antigen for studying virus-specific antibody responses. In our present study, a linear peptide of the most
N Engl J Med. 1996 Jan 4;334(1):19-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96105279
Vakil NB; Schwartz SM; Buggy BP; Brummitt CF; Kherellah M; Letzer DM; Gilson IH; Jones PG; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School,; Milwaukee, USA.
BACKGROUND. In March 1993, the municipal water supply in Milwaukee became contaminated with cryptosporidium and a widespread outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred. METHODS. We retrospectively studied the relations among the clinical presentation, CD4 count, and survival in a group of 82 patients infected with the hum
Wang XP; Oyaizu N; Pahwa S; Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital-Cornell; University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
Approximately 70% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected pregnant women do not transmit HIV to their offsprings. The identification of factors involved in maternal-child transmission of HIV is important for the design and implementation of therapeutic and prevention strategies. Recently we have developed a m
Schlesinger M; Peters V; Jiang JD; Roboz JP; Bekesi JG; Ruttenberg Cancer Center, T. J. Martell Laboratory for Leukemia,; Cancer and AIDS Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New; York, New York 10029, USA.
The aims of the present study were to analyze the impact of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection on lymphocyte maturation in children, to determine the expression of activation markers on CD8+ cells, and to define predictors of survival in HIV-infected children. Seventy-one children presenting HIV-
Anderson BD; Morgan ME; Singhal D; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry,; University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
PURPOSE: 6-Cl-2 ,3 -dideoxypurine (6-Cl-ddP), an adenosine deaminase (ADA) activated prodrug of ddI, may be an effective antiretroviral agent for the treatment of AIDS dementia due to its ability to deliver increased concentrations of ddI to brain tissue. To examine the feasibility
Cook CS; Karabatsos PJ; Schoenhard GL; Karim A; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Searle Research and; Development, Skokie, Illinois 60077, USA.
PURPOSE. The in vitro fate of an ester prodrug, glycovir, was studied to determine if the species differences in the bioavailability of pharmacologically active SC-48334 observed after glycovir administration and not observed after SC-48334 administration is due to species differences in ester hydrolysis rate or speci
Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1995 Aug;42(6):397-409. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96092121
Hart S; Nolte I; Clinic of Small Animals, Hanover School of Veterinary Medicine,; Germany.
The long-term effectiveness of Azidothymidine ( AZT , Zidovudine) was evaluated in FIV-seropositive cats with clinical symptoms (n = 9; Group 1) compared with conventional symptomatical therapy (n = 5; Group 2). The oral administration of Azidothymidine
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1995 Sep;16(3):243-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96051083
Fonseca CA; Suarez RV; Medical Examiner Office, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
A unique case of plasma cell granuloma of the larynx associated with sudden death in a young HIV-positive woman is described. The plasma cell infiltration fulfilled the criteria for plasma cell granuloma, showing characteristic histologic and immunohistochemical features (polyclonality). A review of the most recent li
Am J Pathol. 1995 Dec;147(6):1780-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96094761
Singhal PC; Sharma P; Garg P; Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New; Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
Patients with HIV infection often develop glomerular lesions (focal segmental glomerular sclerosis). Because mesangial expansion (enhanced mesangial cell (MC) growth and matrix accumulation) has been demonstrated to precede the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, we studied the effect of the interaction
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1995 Oct;89(5):573-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96103625
Otsyula MG; Gettie A; Suleman M; Tarara R; Mohamed I; Marx P; Virology and Immunology Unit, California Regional Primate; Research Center, University of California Davis 95616, USA.
Bartolucci C; Cellai L; Marzano M; Segre A; Brufani M; Filocamo L; Bianco AD; Guiso M; Brizzi V; Benedetto A; et al; Istituto di Strutturistica Chimica G. Giacomello, Roma, Italy.
Three types of open ansa-chain rifamycin S derivatives have been prepared: derivatives with the ansa-chain open at C(29) and the original dihydrofuranone ring; derivatives with the ansa-chain open at C(29) and a furane ring; derivatives with the ansa-chain at open NH-C(15). Only derivatives of the first type are weak
Heeney JL; Dept of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk,; The Netherlands.
Individuals who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and develop AIDS are characterized by the progressive loss of T helper (Th) cells, together with an increase in virus load. Despite a remarkable similarity to humans, and their susceptibility to persistent HIV-1 infection, chimpanzees have a relative
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) isolated from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) harbour HIV-1 proviral DNA and RNA, indicating productive infection by the virus in vivo. Furthermore, normal LCs can be infected in vitro by HIV and can present HIV antigens to helper T cells. Here, Giovanna
Rowland-Jones SL; McMichael A; Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital,; Headington, Oxford, UK.
Over the past two years, a number of reports have described specific cellular immune responses to HIV in some individuals who, despite exposure to the virus, remain uninfected. A recent description of virus disappearance in a child born to an infected mother should be seen against the background of several previous st
Safrit JT; Koup RA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, USA.
In the majority of patients, HIV-1 replication is quickly and efficiently controlled after the initial burst of viremia. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the underlying immune responses that may be responsible for this dramatic reduction in viral load. These responses include those of HIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic
Zinkernagel RM; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich,; Switzerland.
Recently, HIV has been shown to be highly variable in patients; it is capable of escaping, or even turning off, cytotoxic T-cell responses by mutating T-cell epitopes. New antiviral drugs have revealed the enormous turnover of C4+ T cells in infected patients, but have also shown how efficiently HIV rapidly escapes su
Pearce EJ; Reiner SL; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College; of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; 14853-6401, USA.
Recent work on T-helper (Th) cell subset maturation has focused on defining the cellular source of early IL-4, which promotes precursor (naive) CD4+ Th cells to differentiate into Th type 2 (Th2) cells, and also on the roles of counter-regulatory cytokines, costimulatory signals, and antigen in the induction of Th2 re
Rice CM; Walker CM; Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Washington; School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Hepatitis C virus establishes a persistent infection in humans and chimpanzees despite virus-specific cell-mediated immune responses. Available data suggest that these responses do provide some control of ongoing hepatitis C virus replication and are an important factor contributing to chronic hepatitis.
McLeod R; Buschman E; Arbuckle LD; Skamene E; Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
Recent studies have identified genes involved in resistance to intracellular pathogens. Such genes include the murine MHC class I gene, Ld (toxoplasmosis), HLA-BW53, HLA DRB1* 1302-DQ B10s01 and TNF2 (malaria), murine Nramp (toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis and tuberculosis), gene(s) modulating the T-helper type 1 and typ
Lipshutz RJ; Morris D; Chee M; Hubbell E; Kozal MJ; Shah N; Shen N; Yang R; Fodor SP; Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
As the Human Genome Project and related efforts identify and determine the DNA sequences of human genes, it is important that highly reliable and efficient mechanisms are found to access individual genetic variation. It is only through a greater understanding of genetic diversity that the true benefit of the Human Gen
Ward J; Sanson-Fisher R; Needs Assessment and Health Outcomes Unit, Central Sydney Area; Health Service, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Despite their potential to reduce the incidence of HIV infection through primary prevention, family physicians report low levels of routine identification of patients at risk and counseling. This may reflect perceptions that few of their patients are at risk, that patients at risk will self-disclose during consultatio
Hofstetter CR; Hovell MF; Myers CA; Blumberg E; Sipan C; Yuasa T; Kreitner S; Department of Political Science, San Diego State University,; California, USA.
This study examined exposure to AIDS information from mass media and interpersonal communication among a nonprobability sample of Hispanic and Anglo lower middle-class adolescents. Subjects were drawn predominantly from community health clinics, word of mouth recruiting, public service announcements, churches, schools
This article provides a clinically-oriented overview of palliative care for patients with AIDS. Indicators of decreased survival time are divided into categories of infections/illnesses, clinical signs and symptoms, immunological and serological markers, and psychosocial factors. Primary symptoms in AIDS are discussed
Rice WG; Bader JP; Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, National Cancer; Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center,; Maryland 21701-1201, USA.
The goal of developing an effective drug against HIV-1 and AIDS has been approached by several routes, with enough encouraging results to stimulate further efforts. Compounds active against HIV-1 have been discovered for many of the functions in the reproductive cycle recognized as virus-specific targets. Discoveries
Kuaban C; Ndoumou A; Koulla-Shiro S; Afaneze E; Ghipponi PM; Pignon D; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and; Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde l'Hopital Jamot,; Yaounde-Cameroon.
To determine the seroprevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, we conducted an HIV serosurvey in 162 inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis, in Yaounde Cameroon . HIV seroprevalence in hospitalized pulmonary tuberculosi
Int Immunol. 1995 Aug;7(8):1205-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022642
Dyall R; Vasovic LV; Molano A; Nikolic-Zugic J; Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New; York 10021, USA.
CTL combat intracellular pathogens by killing infected cells. The molecular targets of their attack are foreign peptides bound to self MHC encoded class I molecules. Immunization of mice with peptides containing CTL determinants was shown to elicit CD4-dependent CTL. Here, we have achieved in vivo CTL priming with nat
Int Immunol. 1995 Aug;7(8):1213-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022643
Giese T; Davidson WF; Laboratory of Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; 20892, USA.
Mice homozygous for lpr or gld develop lymphoproliferative disease characterized by the progressive accumulation of functionally impaired B220+ double-negative (DN) T cells and primed CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The mechanisms leading to the accumulation of these T cells subsets are poorly understood but are clearly depend
Int Immunol. 1995 Aug;7(8):1265-77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022648
Carneiro J; Stewart J; Coutinho A; Coutinho G; Unite d'Immunobiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
The differential class-regulation of CD4+ T lymphocyte populations is believed to play a major role in determining the qualitative behaviour of the immune system, and in the fate of immune responses in particular. In this article we propose a model for the dynamics of the Th1 and Th2 subpopulations. We put forward the
Int Immunol. 1995 Aug;7(8):1287-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022650
Katsikis PD; Cohen SB; Londei M; Feldmann M; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Sunley Division, London, UK.
Human CD4+ T cells have, like their murine counterparts, been classified on the basis of their cytokine profile. Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but little or no IL-4. Th2 cells produce IL-4 but not IFN-gamma or IL-2, and Th0 produce IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma. As
Int Immunol. 1995 Aug;7(8):1311-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022653
Alam SM; Sim BC; Gascoigne NR; Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,; CA 92037, USA.
Recognition of superantigens by T cells predominantly involves the TCR V beta region. The contribution of reactivity from the non-V beta portion of the TCR remains less clear. We have investigated the V alpha repertoire of T cells bearing one V beta element responding to different superantigen or polyclonal stimuli. T
Int Immunol. 1995 Sep;7(9):1405-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96091795
de Waal Malefyt R; Abrams JS; Zurawski SM; Lecron JC; Mohan-Peterson S; Sanjanwala B; Bennett B; Silver J; de Vries JE; Yssel H; Department of Human Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of; Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104, USA.
In the present study, the requirements and characteristics for the production of IL-13 by human T cells, T cell clones and B cells were determined and compared with those of IL-4. IL-13 was produced by human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell
Biochemistry. 1995 Dec 5;34(48):15760-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96097002
Valerie K; Singhal A; Kirkham JC; Laster WS; Rosenberg M; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Medical; College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; 23298-0058, USA.
Ultraviolet light (UV) exposure of cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV) or transfected with HIV reporter genes increases virus-directed gene expression. Here we report the mapping of the UV response on the long terminal repeat (LTR) by using human cells stably transfected with HIV promoter pla
Biochemistry. 1995 Dec 5;34(48):15768-76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96097003
Valerie K; Laster WS; Kirkham JC; Kuemmerle NB; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Medical; College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; 23298-0058, USA.
We have investigated the differential effects of ultraviolet light(UV) and ionizing radiation (IR) on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and c-jun expression in HIVcat/HeLa cells. This cell line harbors integrated copies of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under control of the HIV promoter. Both
Biochemistry. 1995 Dec 5;34(48):15845-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96097011
Fehr MJ; Carpenter SL; Wannemuehler Y; Petrich JW; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, USA.
Hypocrellin A displays photoinduced antiviral activity, in particular against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as does its counterpart, hypericin. Although hypocrellin A, like hypericin, executes an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, it differs from hypericin in two important ways. Unlike hypericin,
Martin I; Ruysschaert JM; Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique des Macromolecules aux Interfaces; CP206/2, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Intermediate lipid structures such as inverted micelles and interlamellar attachments are thought to play a crucial role in different biological processes like exocytosis, intracellular trafficking and viral infection. In the present study, we provide evidence that lipid mixing of large unilamellar lipid vesicles (LUV
Glomstein A; Institute for Haemophilia, Oslo, Norway.
The Council of Europe and the EEC Council of Ministers have strongly promoted self-sufficiency for plasma products on the basis of voluntary non-remunerated donors. Several European countries have a programme of self-sufficiency with plasma products, either with national fractionation plants (e.g.
Vermylen J; Centre of Molecular and Vascular Biology, Campus Gasthuisberg,; Leuven, Belgium.
The requirements that a factor VIII concentrate should fulfil, as adopted by the Belgian Health Council, are reviewed. Lack of immunogenicity is an important issue; the Belgian experience suggests that a prospective randomized trial allows rather rapid detection of grossly increased immunogenicity. An alternative is p
Biesert L; Lemon S; Suhartono H; Wang L; Rubsamen H; Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus,; Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
The inactivation of both transfusion-relevant and model viruses by modified pasteurization has been evaluated following the established guidelines of the European Union Committee for Proprietary Medical Products Ad Hoc Working Party on Biotechnology/Pharmacy. This heat treatment in solution for 10 h at 63 degrees C wa
Sultan Y; Centre de l'Accueil et de Traitement des Hemophiles, Hopital; Chochin, Paris, France.
Some factor VIII concentrates cause downregulation of the immune system in HIV-positive haemophilia patients. This effect appears to be related to the purity of the concentrate, but not to its method of preparation. The optimum purity for preventing downregulation is not known at present.
Varon D; National Hemophilia Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center,; Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
An assessment of the immune status of both HIV-positive and HIV-negative haemophiliacs showed hypo-responsive and anergic patients in both groups. In HIV-positive patients, the immune suppression, in addition to HIV itself, may be caused by other viral infections such as all types of hepatitis as well as by factor VII
Nokes KM; Kendrew J; Longo M; Nursing of Persons With HIV/AIDS, Hunter College, City University; of New York, New York City, USA.
The authors examined the kind of alternative and complementary therapies used by persons with HIV disease. A convenience sample of 145 persons with HIV disease who were receiving health care in either New York City (n = 72) or Boston (n = 73) completed the Alternative Therapies Check List. This instrument consists of
Paice JA; Pugliese JC; Fitzpatrick JE; Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
The neurological changes that are common in the HIV population may complicate the use of analgesics, particularly opioids. These changes, in combination with care providers fear of opioids, often lead to the inappropriate use of antagonists, such as naloxone. Used injudiciously, naloxone can lead to withdrawal syndro
Burgess J; Chalecka I; Orlowska J; Ortowska E; Zielinska; Williams A; Connecticut State Department of Education, Hartford, USA.
Funded by an agreement with the World AIDS Foundation, a team of American and Polish healthcare professional was established to provide expert and timely training on HIV/AIDS course for nurses was conducted in Gdansk, Poland . The co
Hematological abnormalities, characterized by cytopenias, are a problem commonly encountered by persons with HIV or AIDS. Cytopenias can be multifactorial in their causation and potentially life threatening to this population. An understanding of the various causes of these cytopenias and the appropriate nursing care
Caminero JA; Diaz F; Rodriguez de Castro F; Pavon JM; Esparza R; Cabrera P; Section of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Senora del; Pino, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
SETTING: Since there is no national programme for tuberculosis control in Spain and the epidemiological situation in this country is unknown, a programme against tuberculosis in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) was started in 1987. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of this control progr
Perenboom RM; Richter C; Swai AB; Kitinya J; Mtoni I; Chande H; Kazema RR; Department of Medicine, Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam,; Tanzania.
SETTING: The medical wards of a referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of HIV infection on clinical features in tuberculous lymphadenitis. DESIGN: A prospective clinical study of HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative patients with lymph
Harries AD; Maher D; Mvula B; Nyangulu D; Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital,; Blantyre, Malawi.
SETTING: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi . OBJECTIVE: An audit of voluntary HIV testing, with pre- and post-test counselling, of adult patients diagnosed with all types of tuberculosis. DESIGN: A review of case files of adult patients with tuberculosis registered
OBJECTIVES: To compare the radiologic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected, HIV-2-infected, and HIV-negative patients; and to assess the impact of HIV-related immunosuppression on the radiologic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: We compared chest radiographs from consecutive HIV-
Lambregts-van Weezenbeek CS; Veen J; Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, The Hague, The; Netherlands.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global problem, but the necessity and quality of intervention should be assessed by country since the causes of drug resistance, and thus the appropriate intervention strategies, may vary considerably between countries. An analysis of the development and spread of drug-resistant tuberc
Neifer S; Molz B; Institut fur Mikrobiologie und Hygiene im Berliner Betrieb fur; Zentrale Gesundheitliche Aufgaben.
The purpose of HIV diagnosis is to establish safely whether there is an infection or not. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as screening test, and the western blot assay for confirmation is the most widely used serologic test system to get this information. Diagnostic problems occur if the two tests yield
Busch M; Weiler H; Fruhmorgen P; Ruhl U; Roos W; Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Ludwigsburg.
A patient with AIDS was hospitalized with a left-sided face swelling and protrusion of the bulbus. After cranial computed tomography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the fossa temporalis we diagnosed a mycetoma; localisation and histology made an aspergilloma most probable. Antimycotic therapy led to complete remi
Glycoconj J. 1995 Jun;12(3):241-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96121946
Mackiewicz A; Mackiewicz K; Department of Cancer Immunology, University School of Medical; Sciences, Great Poland Cancer Center, Poznan.
alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a serum acute phase glycoprotein which possesses five N-linked complex type heteroglycan side chains which may be present as bi-, tri- and tetraantennary structures. Depending upon the content of biantennary structure on AGP, up to four glycoforms of AGP are present in serum. These g
Glycoconj J. 1995 Jun;12(3):356-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96121958
Nakada H; Inoue M; Tanaka N; Wakamiya N; Yamashina I; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto,; Japan.
We have measured glycosyltransferase activities of SupT1 cells, a T-lymphoid cell line shown to react with autoantibodies in the sera of many HIV patients. Since considerable alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase and beta 1, 3 galactosyltransferase activities were found in SupT1 cells, at least the O-glycan core 1
Kristensson K; Eneroth A; Olsson T; Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,; Sweden.
From Trypanosoma brucei brucei, a molecule has been isolated which triggers the production of IFN-gamma by CD8+ T-cells. IFN-gamma modulates events in the hosts immune- and nervous system and provides a growth stimulus for the parasites. Furthermore, a molecule with IFN-gamma-like immunoreactivity has been detected in
Michels KB; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Despite significant advances in treatment, the aetiology of Hodgkin s disease has remained elusive. While epidemiology has uncovered the likely infectious nature of the malignancy, neither the causative agent nor the cell of origin have been identified. The available epidemiological, histological and molecular biologi
In this brief review, we recall the antigenic status of the embryo and the possible threats that the maternal immune system poses to fetal survival even at implantation stage. We then quickly recall the existence of Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF), the available data for early embryo derived suppressor and suppressor ind
Seror V; Le Gales C; Courpotin C; Centre de recherche en economie de la sante, Inserm unite 357,; CNRS UMR 9932, hopital de Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
BACKGROUND--Assessment of economic implications of pediatric HIV infection allows to document efforts which are devoted by health care system to the care of children born to HIV infected women. This paper presents the results of the first analysis, in the French health care context, of direct medical costs related to
Miller RS; Green LA; Nutting PA; Petersen L; Stewart L; Marshall G; Main DS; Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network, Denver, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in primary care practices. METHODS: Fifty-four practices in the United States participated in an anonymous, unlinked HIV seroprevalence study between January 1990 and December 1992. Resid
De Munck J; Lefevre A; Vandercam B; Delaere B; Zech F; Snyers B; Service d'Ophtalmologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCL,; Bruxelles.
Retrospective study of 19 cases of opportunistic infections of the chorioretina in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. We observed 14 cases of CMV retinitis, 2 cases of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis, 1 case of cryptococcal choroiditis and 2 cases
A man aged 43 in good health complaints of sudden blurred vision in his right eye, 12 days after a generalized chickenpox eruption. Examination shows an intraocular inflammation with retinal necrosis in temporal periphery. The serum antibodies against varicella-zoster are positive for the IgM and IgG, confirming a rec
Pollmacher T; Mullington J; Korth C; Hinze-Selch D; Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich,; Germany.
Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the phenomenology of sleep and wakefulness, their regulation and peculiar functions are poorly understood. Recent animal research has revealed considerable evidence for interactions between host defense and sleep. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that host respo
Tan SV; Guiloff RJ; Scaravilli F; Regional Neurosciences Centre, Charing Cross Hospital, London,; UK.
The post-mortem pathology in 20 spinal cords of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with vacuolar myelopathy was quantified by evaluating (i) the intensity of myelin change, vacuolation and macrophage density; and (ii) the areas of white matter covered by each feature. Severity scores were constructed
Porter KR; Liang L; Long GW; Bangs MJ; Anthony R; Andersen EM; Hayes CG; Infectious Diseases Threat Assessment Program, Naval Medical; Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA.
This study was performed to demonstrate the presence of anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibodies in a population living in Irian Jaya, Indonesia that cross-react with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proteins. Serum samples from 63 volunteers living in Oksibil, a secluded
Peter JB; Boyle M; Patnaik M; Hadfield TL; Barka NE; Schwartzman WA; Penny RS; Specialty Laboratories, Inc., Santa Monica, California 90404,; USA.
Cat scratch disease, which is caused by infection with Rochalimaea henselae, is often manifested as lymphadenopathy. R. henselae has also been isolated from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with bacillary angiomatosis . In order to determine the frequency o
Belec L; Meillet D; Hernvann A; Gresenguet G; Gherardi R; Service de Microbiologie (Virologie), Hopital Broussais, Paris,; France.
Elevation of serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels, and to a lesser degree tumor necrosis factor alpha levels, was found in cachectic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected African patients without concurrent opportunistic infection or neoplasia (HIV wasting syndrome). A heterogeneous pattern of elevations
Yang G; Garhwal S; Olson JC; Vyas GN; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San; Francisco 94143-0134, USA.
PCR is the most sensitive and direct method for detecting blood-borne viruses, as well as an efficient means for producing vector-free probes. However, the application of PCR, especially in the laboratory diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, is impeded by the current use of radiolabeled oligonucl
Lal RB; Rudolph D; Alpers MP; Sulzer AJ; Shi YP; Lal AA; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
To determine the serologic cross-reactivity between human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and parasite antigens, we measured antibody responses against HTLV-I, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Brugia malayi in serum specimens obtained from regions where malaria (n = 482) and filariasis (n = 101)
Matsuda J; Gotoh M; Gohchi K; Tsukamoto M; Saitoh N; Kinoshita T; Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine,; Tokyo, Japan.
We measured serum 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase (2,5-AS) levels and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-positive and HIV-1-negative hemophiliacs in order to clarify the clinical significance of these parameters in hemophiliacs. Serum 2,5-AS levels were measure
Rudolph DL; Coligan JE; Lal RB; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta,; Georgia 30333, USA.
Antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) trans-activator protein (p40taxI) were determined in serum specimens from individuals infected with HTLV-I (n = 138) and HTLV-II (n = 19). Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using recombinant tax demonstrated the presence of anti-tax antibodies in 96% of pa
Kabengera S; Hom D; Jackson B; Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda.
We have evaluated the effect of specimen storage on absolute CD4 counts by a commercially available manual assay. This assay utilizes latex particles coated with CD4 monoclonal antibodies that are mixed with lymphocytes in whole blood. Thirty blood samples were analyzed on days 1, 2, 4, and 7 postcollection. Linear re
Prince HE; York J; Golding J; Owen SM; Lal RB; Cellular Immunology Laboratory, American Red Cross Blood and; Tissue Services, Los Angeles, California 90006, USA.
Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SLP) during in vitro culture of mononuclear cells (MCs) characterizes over half of asymptomatic individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) or HTLV-II. Both CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets within MC cultures are activated during SLP, as judged by high-dens
Munroe KJ; Anderson CA; Wu JY; Wyand MS; Newman GW; Newman MJ; Cambridge Biotech Corporation, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605,; USA.
Autologous, virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines were established by using peripheral blood lymphocytes from rhesus monkeys that were previously immunized with recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain IIIB glycoprotein 160. These autologous cell lines were used to present human immunodeficiency vi
Torre D; Zeroli C; Pugliese A; Giola M; Ferrario G; Bonetta G; Issi M; Martegani R; Speranza F; Fiori GP; Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Varese,; Italy.
We found a significant increase in fibronectin receptor (FNR) levels in the sera of adult human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, especially in those with AIDS (1,026.9 +/- 583.9 ng/ml; P
Wertheim DL; Valderamma E; Bonagura VR; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Schneider Children's; Hospital, New Hyde Park, New York 11042, USA.
Hepatitis is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in children. Often a distinct pathogen cannot be identified. Therefore, by exclusion, one must consider HIV the direct pathogen. Zidovudine ( AZT ) has not been used as a t
J Med Screen. 1995;2(1):35-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96091283
Dunn DT; Nicoll A; Holland FJ; Davison CF; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child; Health, London, United Kingdom.
OBJECTIVE--To estimate the reduction in the number of children infected with HIV that might be achieved by extending the provision of voluntary antenatal HIV testing. This effect would be mediated by increased numbers of women infected with HIV who receive an intervention to reduce the risk of vertical transmission (f
Can Med Assoc J. 1995 Nov 1;153(9):1271-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96067012
Remis RS; Eason EL; Palmer RW; Najjar M; Leclerc P; Lebel F; Fauvel M; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montreal General; Hospital, Que.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence and correlates of HIV infection in a subpopulation of women of childbearing age in Montreal. DESIGN: Anonymous unlinked seroprevalence study. SETTING: Pregnancy termination unit in a teaching hospital in Montreal. PARTICIPANTS: Women presenting for abortion from July 1989 to
Can Med Assoc J. 1995 Nov 1;153(9):1352-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96067024
Martin M
Collaboration among 31 social and health care agencies and the provincial government has resulted in an innovative program for Ottawa-area patients with HIV infection or AIDS. The target group is the homeless and people with unstable housing who live in the city s downtown core, a group at high risk of contracting HIV
Bonfert V; Cihak J; Losch U; Ziegler-Heitbrock HW; Institute for Animal Physiology, University of Munich, Federal; Republic of Germany.
Antigen stimulation may lead to expansion or deletion of T-cells expressing T-cell receptors that belong to specific V beta gene families. Since such stimulation at the same time will lead to conversion from naive to memory T-cells, we have asked whether a bias in V beta families can be observed when comparing these t
Shutt DC; Stapleton JT; Kennedy RC; Soll DR; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City; 52242, USA.
It was previously demonstrated that HIV-induced syncytia of the immortalized T cell line SupT1 reorganize their cytoskeleton and form a spherical supernuclear complex, thus mimicking the organization, polarity, and morphology of a single SupT1 cell. Then, through extension of a single, giant pseudopod, these syncytia,
van der Veen RC; Chen PJ; McMillan M; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California School; of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
Myelin-specific T-helper (Th) cells which induce encephalomyelitis belong to the inflammatory Th1 subset. Th2 cells recognizing similar epitopes potentially represent specific inhibitors of encephalitogenic Th1 cells. Since the differential stimulation of antigen-specific Th2 cells may be important in the regulation o
Lippmann ML; Goldberg SK; Walkenstein MD; Herring W; Gordon M; Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA.
We reviewed our experience with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) over a 1-year period at a 600-bed community teaching hospital; 26 cases were identified. The mean age was 57.5 years and there were 12 male and 14 female subjects. Cough, sputum production, fever, and mental status changes were the most frequent s
Khalil AM; Carette MF; Cadranel JL; Mayaud CM; Bigot JM; Department of Radiology, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.
AIM: To describe the thin CT scans findings in AIDS patients with intrathoracic Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-three CT scans of patients with KS were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of intrathoracic KS was established histologically (n = 17) or on the association of skin KS and the visuali
Horvath KD; Whelan RL; Weinstein S; Basner AL; Staugaitis SM; Greenebaum E; Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons,; Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
PURPOSE: To heighten awareness of colonic tuberculosis (TB) as a once rare disease that is undergoing a resurgence in the United States . METHODS: Report of a case of isolated sigmoid tuberculosis with a brief literature review of the topic. RESULTS: TB can no longer be considered a rar
Rousseau P; Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona,; USA.
The emergence of AIDS and the aging of the population, with the numerous malignant and debilitating maladies associated with growing older, have focused attention on the provision of cost-effective quality care by hospice and palliative care programs. Hospice and palliative care is a venerated system of care, which us
East Afr Med J. 1995 Jun;72(6):345-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96060378
Jacobs B; Berege ZA; Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
A study was carried out to assess the attitudes and beliefs about blood donation among the population of Mwanza Region, Tanzania , in order to target better the voluntary blood donor recruitment and retention. A random sample of 1141 adults, 743 residents of Mwanza town and 398 fr
East Afr Med J. 1995 Jul;72(7):424-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96060401
Fahal AH; el Razig SA; Suliman SH; Ibrahim SZ; Tigani AE; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of; Khartoum, Sudan.
One hundred and fifty patients with histologically proven gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer, 150 patients with a variety of other malignancies and 150 normal subjects were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B sero-markers. Only one patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma proved to be HIV ser
East Afr Med J. 1995 Sep;72(9):579-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96060443
Kidan KG; Fantahun M; Azeze B; Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Ethiopia.
Sera collected for syphilis screening from pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Debretabor rural hospital, north west Ethiopia were tested for HIV infection with the objective of assessing HIV prevalence and the relationship between syphilis and human immunodeficiency vir
East Afr Med J. 1995 Sep;72(9):588-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96060445
Van Rensburg EJ; Lemmer HR; Joubert JJ; Department of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch,; Republic of South Africa.
The seroprevalence for antibodies to HIV-1, HTLV-1, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) were determined in a large group of Mozambican refugees living in Swaziland . Serum samples were collected from a total of 398 refugees located in the
Guttman A; Starr C; Beckman Instruments, Inc, Fullerton, CA 92634, USA.
Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescent detection, a one-dimensional version of the well-established planar analytical method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has been proven to be a powerful new microanalytical method for profiling complex carbohydrates. In this paper a comparison is presented
Ippolito G; Sagliocca L; D'Ubaldo C; Ruggiero A; Fabozzi OC; De Masi S; Petrosillo N; Centro di Riferimento AIDS, Ospedale Lazzaro, Spallanzani, Roma.
The risk of occupational infection by blood-borne pathogens has been well evaluated. However, a low perception of this risk among health care workers (HCWs) and a low compliance to infection control measures has been documented by several studies. During a meeting of gynecologists of Southern
Castello G; Mela G; Cerruti A; Mencoboni M; Lerza R; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Italy.
Preclinical and clinical studies with an azidothymidine ( AZT )/interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) combination resulted in a marked and synergistic antiretroviral activity. The administration of the two drugs in HIV-seropositive patients affected with Kaposi
Experientia. 1995 Nov 15;51(11):1076-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96087178
Silvestri I; Albonici L; Ciotti M; Lombardi MP; Sinibaldi P; Manzari V; Orlando P; Carretta F; Strazzullo G; Grippo P; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, II; Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy.
Kelletinin A [ribityl-pentakis (p-hydroxybenzoate)] (KA), a natural compound isolated from the marine gastropod Buccinulum corneum, showed antiviral activity on the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and antimitotic activity on HTLV-1-infected MT2 cells. KA inhibited cellular DNA and RNA synthesis, without in
FEBS Lett. 1995 Nov 13;375(1-2):31-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/X84993
Kubota S; Furuta RA; Siomi H; Maki M; Hatanaka M; Laboratory of Human Tumer Viruses, Kyoto University, Japan.
HTLV-I generally integrates at least one full-length copy in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells. A group of patients without full-length provirus have a unique conserved truncation of the provirus which retains env-pX-3 LTR. Tumor cells of a patient from this group were genetically analyzed. Analysis of the 5 and 3 c
Koehler JE; Cederberg L; Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco,; USA.
Bacillary angiomatosis is a recently described vascular proliferative lesion that occurs most commonly in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Cutaneous lesions are the most frequently described manifestations of bacillary angiomatosis . However, as culture
Genes Dev. 1995 Dec 1;9(23):3008-25. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96101599
Ashe MP; Griffin P; James W; Proudfoot NJ; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK.
In common with all retroviruses, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains duplicated long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences flanking the proviral genome. These LTRs contain identical poly(A) signals, which are both transcribed into RNA. Therefore, to allow efficient viral expression, a mechanism must exi
Martinez-Vazquez C; Bordon J; Rodriguez-Gonzalez A; de la Fuente-Aguado J; Sopena B; Gallego-Rivera A; Martinez-Cueto P; Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Xeral of Vigo Medical School of; Santiago de Compostela University, Spain.
The microbiological, clinical and radiological findings of cerebral tuberculomas in four patients with and in five patients without HIV infection were compared. The study was carried out during the last 14 years. The CT scans were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Cerebral tuberculoma in HIV-negative patients was clinica
Valbonesi M; Frisoni R; Florio G; Ferrari M; Immunohematology Services, San Martino University Hospital,; Genova, Italy.
Optimal blood supply is critical to modern medical practice. Among the different possibilities of improving the quality and safety of blood, it is generally felt that autologous donation has played an important role and has contributed to changing transfusional practices, mainly since the appearance of HIV and HCV on
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1995 Jun;17(6):457-63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022693
Arcoleo F; Milano S; D'Agostino P; Cillari E; Institute of General Pathology, University of Palermo, Italy.
The effect of exogenous leukotriene B4 (LTB4) on the production of cytokines typical of Th1 (interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma) and Th2 (interleukin-4 and interleukin-10) lymphocytes was studied. Splenocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) with or without different concentrations of LTB4 (3 x 10(-10) to 3
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1995 Jun;17(6):505-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022699
Hasegawa T; Okuda M; Makino M; Hiromatsu K; Nomoto K; Yoshikai Y; Laboratory of Host Defense and Germfree Life, Nagoya University; School of Medicine, Japan.
The bacterial elimination after infection with Listeria monocytogenes was impaired in mice with murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) by infection with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus. Oral administration of hot water extracts of Chlorella vulgaris (CVE) restored the capacity of MAIDS mice to eliminate L. mon
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1995 Jun;17(6):523-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022702
Hraba T; Dolezal J; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech; Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
The previously developed mathematical model simulates the CD4+ lymphocyte dynamics in HIV infection very well. As the number of these cells is a good indicator of the infection progression, it was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different therapeutic interventions. For chemotherapy simulation, both permanent and
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1995 Jun;17(6):535-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022704
van der Laan JW; Krajnc EI; Krajnc-Franken MA; van Loveren H; Laboratory for Medicines and Medical Devices, National Institute; for Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The; Netherlands.
Drug addicts are prone to infection with viruses including hepatitis-B and HIV. Besides indirect effects as a consequence of lifestyle, heroin and methadone may also enhance the risk of infections by a direct immunotoxic effect affecting resistance. In addition to general toxicological screening, we therefore performe
Int J Tissue React. 1995;17(1):5-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96020392
Sugawara T; Miyamoto M; Takada S; Nomura M; Kato M; Drug Safety Research Center, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,; Tokyo, Japan.
To examine the involvement of lymphocytes in the development of MDP-Lys(L18)-induced arthritis (MIA) in rats and the exacerbation of MIA by cyclosporin A (CsA), we analysed the spleen lymphocyte subset using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry during the development of arthritis and compared the results with thos
Fuentes GM; Rodriguez-Rodriguez L; Fay PJ; Bambara RA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester,; School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642, USA.
A primary site for initiation of plus strand DNA synthesis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) corresponds to a 19-nucleotide-long purine rich sequence located just upstream of the U3 region, designated the polypurine tract (PPT). The HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) uses its RNase H activity to cut the genomic RNA af
Uittenbogaard MN; Giebler HA; Reisman D; Nyborg JK; Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort; Collins 80523, USA.
The human T-cell leukemia virus type I oncoprotein Tax transcriptionally deregulates a wide variety of viral and cellular genes. Tax deregulation of gene expression is mediated through interaction with a variety of structurally unrelated cellular transcription factors, as Tax does not bind DNA in a sequence-specific m
Reverse transcriptases from both human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 are obligatory dimers. A tryptophan-rich repeat motif that is highly conserved between these proteins, as well as in the reverse transcriptase from simian immunodeficiency virus, has been postulated to be involved in hydrophobic subunit inter
Marker O; Scheynius A; Christensen JP; Thomsen AR; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Denmark.
To study the role of cell adhesion molecules in the fatal CD8+ T-cell mediated meningitis which is induced by intracerebral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, the expression of relevant molecules on inflammatory cells and local endothelium was analyzed immunohistochemically. Most inflammatory cells wer
Goldman GD; Milstone LM; Shapiro PE; Section of Dermatology, Veterans Administration Hospital, West; Haven, CT, USA.
We describe a patient with acute HIV exanthem with papulovesicular lesions and epidermal necrosis. We also review the literature regarding the histopathologic findings of acute HIV exanthem, which appears to be most commonly characterized by a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate without epidermal change, but which may
Jaccard J; Levinson RA; Beamer LA; State University of New York, Albany, USA.
This research applied the construct of opinion leadership to the health area of AIDS. Approximately 290 college students completed a questionnaire that identified individuals whom peers tended to use as sources of information about AIDS. The results showed that, among men, the AIDS opinion leaders tended to have a lar
Kress GC; Hasegawa TK Jr; Guo IY; Department of Public Health Sciences, Baylor College of; Dentistry, Dallas 75266-0677, USA.
Dental practice has been subject to many changes in recent years, including third-party involvement, infection control requirements and a rise in litigation. The authors conducted a broad-based national survey of practitioners to learn their views on the ethical and practical problems facing today s dentist.
Martinez FD; Stern DA; Wright AL; Holberg CJ; Taussig LM; Halonen M; Respiratory Sciences Center (Westend Laboratories), University of; Arizona HSC, Tucson 85724, USA.
The mechanisms regulating the onset of atopic sensitization in human beings are not yet fully clarified. We assessed the capacity of mitogen-stimulated umbilical and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) at
Lionnet C; Body G; Gold F; Paillet C; Vaillant MC; Alle C; Berger C; Centre de Diagnostic Antenatal et de Medecine Foetale, CHU; Bretonneau, Tours.
Massive fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) occurs in 0.12 to 0.5% of pregnancies. It is most often spontaneous and involves uncomplicated near-term pregnancies. It causes fetal anaemia, with or without fetal distress and hydrops fetalis. To our knowledge only one paper has reported a neurological complication (hemiplegia)
Kumar A; Mehra M; Singh S; Badhan SK; Gulati N; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Maulana Azad; Medical College, New Delhi.
Two hundred thirteen teachers of one secondary and four primary schools of East Delhi were interviewed to assess their knowledge and attitudes about AIDS and their opinions regarding school based AIDS education. Observations revealed that majority of the teachers were aware of various aspects of HIV/AIDS. However, the
Vaz LS; Dutta PK; Thergaonkar WP; Indira Gandhi Open University, New Delhi.
With the advent of HIV infection an increased awareness has arisen on its effect on the incidence of various diseases. In the Indian context an increased incidence of Tuberculosis has been expected. The Army is a controlled relatively healthy constituent of the general population. It hence provides an ideal sample for
Mani RK; Rajendran C; Department of Medicine and Intensive Care, Batra Hospital and; Medical Research Centre, New Delhi.
Cryptococcal meningitis in a 35-year old male who had a history of chronic alcoholism and sexual promiscuity, is presented here. The patient presented twice, 6 weeks apart, with altered sensorium. On the earlier occasion, CSF examination and CT head scan were entirel
Teare JP; Price DA; Foster GR; McBride M; Goldin RD; Main J; Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School,; Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, UK.
Although hepatobiliary involvement is common in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, it infrequently leads to biliary tract abnormalities. We describe a 39-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection and no previous acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illnesses, who presented with malaise, righ
Petrosillo N; Puro V; Ippolito G; Di Nardo V; Albertoni F; Chiaretti B; Rava' L; Sommella L; Ricci C; Zullo G; et al; Studio Italiano Rischio Occupazionale da HIV e altri patogeni a; trasmissione ematica, Ospedale Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
A seroprevalence survey of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was conducted using serum samples obtained from 5813 health care workers (HCWs) in five public hospitals in the Latium region of Italy , during the 1985 vaccination cam
J Immunol. 1995 Dec 15;155(12):5719-27. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96094467
Rohrer JW; Coggin JH Jr; University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Department of; Microbiology and Immunology, Mobile 36688, USA.
We have reported that in irradiated, long-term surviving RFM strain of mice there is enhanced kinetics of tumor development upon challenge with RFM lymphoma cells. We reported that we cloned splenic oncofetal (OFA)-specific, noncytotoxic CD8+ T cells from such mice. These noncytotoxic CD8+ T cell clones secrete a fact
J Immunol. 1995 Dec 15;155(12):5855-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96094483
Lohman BL; Miller CJ; McChesney MB; California Regional Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary; Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616, USA.
The mucosal immune system of the female reproductive tract is of central importance for protection against sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV; however, this arm of the immune system remains poorly understood. Antiviral CTL responses never have been documented in the genital tract and the role of CTL in this
Shimakoshi Y; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College,; Japan.
To determine the effect of disinfectants against viruses in vitro, I devised the Micro-Carrier-Test of dry-fixed virus-infected cells. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected Molt-4 cells (1 x 10(5) cells in 5 microliters of 10% fetal bovine serum) were dry-fixed at the bottom of each well of a 96-well flat-botto
Komschlies KL; Grzegorzewski KJ; Wiltrout RH; Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, SAIC; Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research; and Development Center, MD 21702-1201, USA.
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) was originally discovered to be a pre-B cell growth factor. Soon thereafter, a broader role for IL-7 in leukocyte development and function began to be identified. IL-7 now has been shown to be a critical cytokine for normal T and B lymphopoiesis and a mobilizer of pluripotent stem cells and myeloi
Hill AD; Naama HA; Calvano SE; Daly JM; Department of Surgery, New York Hospital/Cornell University; Medical Center, New York 10021, USA.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a naturally occurring growth factor produced by several cell types in response to a variety of stimuli. GM-CSF has potent stimulatory effects on the growth and maturation of hematopoietic cells and has profound effects on mature circulating effector cells. C
Bengtsson A; Johansson C; Linder MT; Hallden G; van der Ploeg I; Scheynius A; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Hospital,; Stockholm, Sweden.
To investigate whether the CD30 molecule, expressed only by a minority of T and B cells, defines a subtype of T helper cells, Pityrosporum orbiculare-specific CD4+ T cell clones were assessed for CD30 protein and gene expression. The clones were defined as Th1, Th0, and Th2 according to their cytokine mRNA profile det
Wang JY; Liang B; Watson RR; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of; Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA.
Murine retrovirus infection induces loss of vitamin E and immune dysfunction with loss of cytokine production by T-helper cells. Therefore interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was given during dietary vitamin E supplementation to effectively prevent murine retrovirus-induced immunosuppression, cytokine dysregulation, and deve
Dhawan S; Wahl LM; Heredia A; Zhang Y; Epstein JS; Meltzer MS; Hewlett IK; Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for; Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration,; Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, USA.
HIV-infected monocytes form highly invasive network on basement membrane matrix and secrete high levels of 92-kd metalloproteinase (MMP-9), an enzyme that degrades basement membrane proteins. In the present study, using matrigel as a model basement membrane system, we demonstrate that treatment of human immunodeficien
Hurley SF; Bond LM; Carlin JB; Evans DB; Kaldor JM; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of; Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
STUDY OBJECTIVES--Studies estimating the cost of specific illnesses do not generally take into account the fact that health care costs would have been incurred in the absence of the disease of interest. The goal of this study was to develop a method of estimating age specific baseline health care costs. These costs we
Del Prete G; De Carli M; D'Elios MM; Daniel KC; Almerigogna F; Alderson M; Smith CA; Thomas E; Romagnani S; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of; Florence, Italy.
We have recently shown that CD30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily, is preferentially expressed by human T cell clones producing T helper (Th) type 2 cytokines. We report here that costimulation with an agonistic anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody enhanced antigen (Ag)-induced
Bender A; Bui LK; Feldman MA; Larsson M; Bhardwaj N; Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and; Immunology, New York 10021, USA.
Inactivated or subunit virus preparations have been excellent vaccines for inducing antibody responses. Generation of cytolytic T cell responses, however, is thought to require replicating virus, primarily to provide sufficiently large amounts of cytoplasmic proteins for processing and presentation on major histocompa
Staprans SI; Hamilton BL; Follansbee SE; Elbeik T; Barbosa P; Grant RM; Feinberg MB; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco,; California 94141, USA.
Little is known about the factors that govern the level of HIV-1 replication in infected individuals. Recent studies (using potent antiviral drugs) of the kinetics of HIV-1 replication in vivo have demonstrated that steady-state levels of viremia are sustained by continuous rounds of de novo infection and the associat
Estaquier J; Idziorek T; Zou W; Emilie D; Farber CM; Bourez JM; Ameisen JC; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; (INSERM) U 415, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to a progressive loss of CD4+ T helper (Th) type 1 cell-mediated immunity that is associated with defective in vitro CD4+ T cell proliferation and abnormal T cell death by apoptosis in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Quantification of interleukin (IL)-2
Kramer S; Schimpl A; Hunig T; Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of; Wurzburg, Germany.
Interleukin (IL) 2-deficient mice develop a fatal immunopathology characterized by lymphoadenopathy, splenomegaly, T cell infiltration of the bone marrow, loss of B cells, anemia, and inflammation of the gut. The thymus dependence of these disease symptoms was tested by introducing the
Wang F; Sengupta TK; Zhong Z; Ivashkiv LB; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York,; USA.
The balance between type 1 and 2 T helper cell cytokine production plays an important role in several animal models of autoimmunity, and skewed patterns of cytokine expression have been described in human inflammatory diseases. Many cytokines activate signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) transcript
Pope M; Gezelter S; Gallo N; Hoffman L; Steinman RM; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller; University, New York 10021, USA.
Earlier work has identified a cell population that replicates HIV-1 in the absence of standard T cell stimuli. The system consists of dendritic cells and memory T lymphocytes that emigrate from organ cultures of human skin and together support a productive infection with HIV-1. These emigrants resemble cells that can
Swain R; Department of Family/Sports Medicine, West Virginia; University-Charleston Division 25301, USA.
Vitamin B12 deficiency may be underestimated in the general population. High-risk groups for the deficiency syndrome include the elderly, patients taking ulcer medications over long periods, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, vegetarians, patients who have undergone stomach resection or small bowel rese
Wells EA; Hoppe MJ; Simpson EE; Gillmore MR; Morrison DM; Wilsdon A; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
Described knowledge about HIV transmission among 1,048 third, fourth, fifth, and sixth graders from a multiethnic urban school district. Participants answered questions about behaviors leading to HIV transmission and about mechanisms of transmission. Children at all grade levels demonstrated a high level of recognitio
Gemmell E; Seymour GJ; Department of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Australia.
Gamma delta T cells have been implicated as playing a role in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. In this study, a biotin-streptavidin peroxidase technique was used to determine the presence of T cells expressing alpha beta and gamma delta T cell receptors (TCR) in the inflammatory infiltrates of gingival tissue s
Sinko PJ; Hu P; Waclawski AP; Patel NR; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers; University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
The intestinal transport of didanosine (ddl), a nucleoside analog used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, was characterized using in situ and in vitro techniques. The zero-trans uptake of ddl in rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) was linear over the range of 1 microM to
Darlix JL; Lapadat-Tapolsky M; de Rocquigny H; Roques BP; LaboRetro, Unite de Virologie humaine INSERM U412, Ecole Normale; Superieure de Lyon, France.
Retroviruses are a family of widespread small animal viruses about 110 nm in diameter, composed of an inner core surrounded by an outer envelope formed of a lipid bilayer of cellular origin in which are anchored viral glycoproteins. The inner core is formed by an outer shell of capsid protein molecules (CA protein) su
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a rare worldwide occurring inherited immunodeficiency which is triggered by Epstein-Barr virus infection. Clinical phenotypes in 21 affected males from 5 German families with XLP ranged from severe and fatal infectious mononucleosis (57%) to acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia
Lancet. 1995 Dec 16;346(8990):1601-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106230
Lin JC; Lin SC; Mar EC; Pellett PE; Stamey FR; Stewart JA; Spira TJ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333,; USA.
We explored a possible route of transmission of Kaposi s-sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) with nested and unnested PCR techniques. We looked for KSHV DNA sequences in semen of HIV-positive homosexual men and HIV-negative healthy semen donors. With unnested primers we found KSHV sequences in 21 of 33 (64%) homose
Leiss O; Niebel J; Exner M; Fachbereich Gastroenterologie und Infektiologie Deutsche Klinik; fur Diagnostik, Wiesbaden.
Infection is one of the hazards of endoscopic procedures. This long known risk has received major concern because of potential HIV infection. In the individual patient, both, patient related factors (such as the compromised host) and procedure related factors (such as tissue damage) determine the risk of infection. Th
This study was done to demonstrate whether the use of the antigen-sandwich human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-screening assays (3rd generation assays), which detect all classes of anti-HIV immunoglobulins, leads to an earlier detection of HIV IgM compared to the 2nd generation HIV antibody-screening assays. W
Nature. 1995 Dec 14;378(6558):743-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96107318
Rao Z; Belyaev AS; Fry E; Roy P; Jones IM; Stuart DI; Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Oxford, UK.
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), their matrix antigens (MAs) sharing some 50% sequence identity. MA is a component of Pr55Gag, the sole protein required for assembly of the virion shell. MA targets Pr55 to the plasma membrane, and facilitates incorporation o
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1995 Nov 18;139(46):2362-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96090890
Dippel DW; Avezaat CJ; van der Ende ME; Habbema JD; Afd. Neurologie, Academisch Ziekenhuis Rotterdam-Dijkzigt.
OBJECTIVE. To illustrate how clinical decision analysis can contribute to modern medical practice. DESIGN. Clinical decision analysis. SETTING. Academic Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, the Netherlands . METHOD. Three treatment options (no treatment, neurosurgery and rad
Mahaney-Price AF; Shands Hospital, Gainesville, Fla., USA.
A case study is presented of a 47-year old, white female with a 1-year progressive history of diarrhea up to 20 liquid stools per day, accompanied by an 18-pound weight loss. She had presented with previous workup of gastroscopy revealing two stomach ulcers; colonoscopy revealing nonspecific colitis and one polyp that
Hocke C; Morlat P; Chene G; Dequae L; Dabis F; Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique, Hopital Pellegrin, Centre; Hospitalier Universitaire, Bordeaux, France.
OBJECTIVE: To study the prognostic role of pregnancy on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study at the Bordeaux University Hospital, France , 57 women who completed a pregnancy during the course of their HIV infection w
Davis LE; Rarey KE; McLaren LC; Neurology Service, Albuquerque Veterans Affairs Medical Center,; NM 87108, USA.
The brain, eye, and inner ear are each protected from blood-borne infectious agents by a barrier that has some anatomic and functional differences. In patients with AIDS, opportunistic infections of the central nervous system and eye are frequent. Little is known about the incidence of middle and inner ear infections
Hwang PH; Tami TA; Lee KC; Raven RB; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of; California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
The AIDS epidemic has become one of the most important public health problems of this century. As the prevalence of HIV infection continues to rise, health care practitioners in all geographic regions can expect greater clinical exposure to patients infected with HIV. We conducted an anonymous survey of all practicing
Kandimalla ER; Manning AN; Venkataraman G; Sasisekharan V; Agrawal S; Hybridon, Inc., Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Foldback triplex-forming oligonucleotides (FTFOs) that contain an abasic linker, [2-(4-aminobutyr-1-yl)-1,3-propanediol] (APD linker), in the Hoogsteen domain against pyrimidine bases of a C:G and a T:A base pair were studied for their relative stability and sequence specificity of triplex formation. In general, the A
Koniak-Griffin D; Brecht ML; UCLA School of Nursing, USA.
This survey examined the relationships of sexual risk taking to substance use and AIDS knowledge in pregnant adolescents (n = 58) and nonpregnant young mothers (n = 93). Subjects were from predominantly minority backgrounds, were single, and ranged in age from 12 to 20 years (M = 16.64). A number of high-risk behavior
Pruksachatkunakorn C; Uruwannakul K; Bhoopat L; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai; University, Thailand.
Kaposi sarcoma is rare in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report a 3-year-old boy with AIDS and Kaposi sarcoma of the skin and lymph node. This patient is the only one with this disease among 278 children with AIDS who have been seen at Chiang Mai University Hospital. He responded well to i
Bankwala Z; Swenson LJ; Section of Cardiology, St Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, MN; 55101-2595, USA.
Wide variation in severity of unstable angina requires an individualized approach. The goals are to stabilize the patient s condition and prevent progression to acute myocardial infarction or death. The following points summarize the current status of diagnosis and treatment: Patients suspected of having unstable angi
Hermieu JF; Mane M; Boccon-Gibod L; Clinique Urologique, Hopital Bichat, Paris.
OBJECTIVES: Manifestations of urological involvement, including tumour development, infection and impaired micturition are frequent in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The frequency and consequences of dysuria itself are difficult to evaluate due to the concomitant effects of underlying infections, ob
Pantongrag-Brown L; Nelson AM; Brown AE; Buetow PC; Buck JL; Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of; Pathology, Rockville, MD., USA.
Gastrointestinal diseases are common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, the radiologic and pathologic findings of these diseases in AIDS patients are illustrated with cases from the archives of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Diseases are categorized in two etiolog
Rotoli M; Carlesimo F; Cavalieri S; Clinica Dermatologica, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,; Roma.
We describe the case of a young man of Calabrian origin, who came to our observation for the appearance of erythematous pustular, intensely itching, lesions on the arms, trunk and, in a less extent, on the face. The blood count revealed a differential cell count of 16.8% eosinophils. Serum IgE levels were elevated (10
Dionisio D; Sterrantino G; Meli M; Trotta M; Milo D; Leoncini F; Divisione di Malattie Infettive, Ospedale di Careggi, Firenze.
The efficacy of furazolidone for treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi was studied in three patients with AIDS. All patients had chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. Mean CD4 cell count was 34.6/mm3. A course of furazolidone (100 mg oral
Rev Med Brux. 1995 Nov;16(5):361-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96090904
Bonnyns M; Bourdoux P; Departement de Medecine, Hopital Universitaire Saint-Pierre.
Two types of thyroid biochemical abnormalities (TBA) are observed in AIDS. The unspecific TBA are similar to TBA reported in the Euthyroid Sick Syndrome. An increased serum TBG of unknown origin and a decreased circulating rT3 are the most specific TBA of AIDS. The latter abnormality may be in relation with an elevate
Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1194-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96072970
Rice WG; Supko JG; Malspeis L; Buckheit RW Jr; Clanton D; Bu M; Graham L; Schaeffer CA; Turpin JA; Domagala J; et al; Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, PRI/DynCorp., National; Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development; Center, MD 21702, USA.
Strategies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection must contend with the obstacle of drug resistance. HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers are prime antiviral targets because they are mutationally intolerant and are required both for acute infection and virion assembly. Nontoxic d
Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1197-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96072971
Tsai CC; Follis KE; Sabo A; Beck TW; Grant RF; Bischofberger N; Benveniste RE; Black R; University of Washington Regional Primate Research Center,; Seattle 98195, USA.
The efficacy of pre- and postexposure treatment with the antiviral compound (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA) was tested against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques as a model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PMPA was administered subcutaneously once daily beginning either 48 hours bef
Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1200-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96072972
Puglisi JD; Chen L; Blanchard S; Frankel AD; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of; California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA.
The Tat protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) binds to its target RNA, TAR, and activates transcription. A 14-amino acid arginine-rich peptide corresponding to the RNA-binding domain of BIV Tat binds specifically to BIV TAR, and biochemical and in vivo experiments have identified the amino acids and nucleotid
Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1215-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96072977
Bach EA; Szabo SJ; Dighe AS; Ashkenazi A; Aguet M; Murphy KM; Schreiber RD; Center for Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine,; St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) responsiveness in certain cells depends on the state of cellular differentiation or activation. Here an in vitro developmental system was used to show that IFN-gamma produced during generation of the CD4+ T helper cell type 1 (TH1) subset extinguishes expression of the IFN-gamma receptor b
Wright PF; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,; USA.
The global community is close to achieving universal childhood immunization against a group of important childhood diseases--measles, tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and polio. In addition, polio has been targeted for eradication by the year 2000 and neonatal tetanus for elimination by 1995. There are tar
Stimson GV; Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical; School, University of London, England.
This paper assesses policy development, service changes and trends in HIV infection and risk behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the United Kingdom . In 1986, the U.K. was faced with the possible rapid spread of HIV infection among IDUs. The combination of an outbreak of HIV i
Sex Transm Dis. 1995 Sep-Oct;22(5):281-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96100865
Christenson B; Stillstrom J; Department of Environmental Health, Karolinska Hospital,; Stockholm, Sweden.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Sweden , human immunodeficiency virus has been almost exclusively spread in three subpopulations. These are homosexual men (47%), intravenous drug abusers (21%), and immigrants from highly endemic areas (22%). In contrast to human immunodeficiency virus
Sex Transm Dis. 1995 Sep-Oct;22(5):303-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96100868
Paget WJ; Zwahlen M; Eichmann AR; Marti B; Division of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Swiss Federal; Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Persons treated for a sexually transmitted disease have been shown to be at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Levels of condom use among these patients are presented, and sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with self-reported never use of condoms are a
Sex Transm Dis. 1995 Sep-Oct;22(5):312-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96100870
Campsmith ML; Goldbaum GM; Wood RW; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle,; USA.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Results of prospective cohort studies can be biased when subjects selectively refuse to participate or be included in follow-up. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To assess the potential for bias in a longitudinal study of sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cros
In the trauma emergency room 212 patients were asked--according to German law--for a blood sample for HIV-testing. Nine (4.2%) victims rejected the test, another 3 (1,4%) did not meet the study criteria since they were previously known to be HIV-positive or suffering from AIDS disease. None of the finally tested 200 p
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371B:1011-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001679
Eriksson K; Kilander A; Hagberg L; Norkrans G; Holmgren J; Czerkinsky C; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Goteborg, Sweden.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371B:1035-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001685
Jackson S; Moldoveanu Z; Mestecky J; Pitts AM; Eldridge JH; McGhee JR; Miller CJ; Marx PA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; 35294, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371B:1039-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001686
Lopez MC; Huang DS; Way DL; Watson RR; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arizona Health; Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371B:1333-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001750
Halstensen TS; Brandtzaeg P; Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT),; National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
In conclusion, it appears that gluten induces a non-proliferative activation of CD4+ lamina propria T cells, but a proliferative activation in the TCR alpha/beta +CD8+ and TCR gamma/delta + IEL subsets. Although the increased density of TCR alpha/beta +CD8+ and TCR gamma/delta + IEL in the coeliac lesion may be second
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371B:1567-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001796
Bergmeier LA; Tao L; Gearing AJ; Adams S; Lehner T; Division of Immunology, UMDS of Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospital,; London.
Vaginal immunization with the Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was investigated in macaques in order to study genital mucosal antibodies. A combined route of genital- and gut-associated lymphoid tissues was used to stimulate IgA and IgG antibodies in vaginal fluid, serum and saliva. Macaques were immunized with a r
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371B:1575-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001797
Panagiotidi C; Bergmeier LA; Gearing AJ; Adams SE; Lehner T; Department of Immunology, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, United; Kingdom.
Rhesus monkeys were immunized by the vaginal and oral routes using a recombinant particulate simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigen. Augmenting vaginal by oral immunization in macaques elicits proliferative CD4+ T cells in the circulation which are specific to the immunizing p27 antigen. Reconstitution of enriche
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371B:1587-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001799
Novak M; Yamamoto M; Fujihashi K; Moldoveanu Z; Kiyono H; McGhee JR; Mestecky J; Secretech Inc., Birmingham, AL, USA.
1. Oral immunization of mice with influenza virus type A/Udorn, induced antigen-specific IgA antibodies in external secretions (e.g., saliva and fecal extract). 2. Increased numbers of antigen-specific IgA spot-forming cells (SFC) were seen in mononuclear cells isolated from IgA-effector tissues (e.g., SG) of mice ora
Chang L; Cornford ME; Chiang FL; Ernst TM; Sun NC; Miller BL; Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University; of California, School of Medicine 90509, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Dec 15;142(12):1330-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96108954
Rouzioux C; Costagliola D; Burgard M; Blanche S; Mayaux MJ; Griscelli C; Valleron AJ; Laboratoire de Virologie, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris,; France.
It has been shown that mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission can occur both during pregnancy and at delivery, but the respective frequencies in these periods are unknown. Moreover, it is difficult to determine the timing of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission by direct sampling. The u
Am J Med. 1995 Dec;99(6):600-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106294
Cello JP; Chan MF; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco,; USA.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effects on biliary-type pain and changes in biochemical parameters in patients with AIDS-associated papillary stenosis who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) sphincterotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive patients were diagnosed by cholangi
Am J Med. 1995 Dec;99(6):675-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106305
Cohen AJ; Kessler CM; Blood Research Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Saint; Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
Inherited coagulation protein deficiencies associated with bleeding diatheses may present with spontaneous bleeding early in life, or may not be recognized until the development of hemorrhage after trauma or surgery. Diagnostic evaluation with coagulation screening tests, followed by confirmation with coagulation fact
Silverman NS; Snyder M; Hodinka RL; McGillen P; Knee G; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson; University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to quantify the prevalence of at-risk pregnancies for maternal-fetal hepatitis C virus transmission in a heterogeneous prenatal population by detection of both hepatitis C virus-specific antibody and hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid sequences in cord bloods from their deliveries. STUDY DESIGN:
Agea E; Bistoni O; Bini P; Migliorati G; Nicoletti I; Bassotti G; Riccardi C; Bertotto A; Spinozzi F; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.
An optimal stimulation of CD4+ cells in an immune response requires not only signals transduced via the TcR/CD3 complex, but also costimulatory signals delivered as a consequence of interactions between T-cell surface-associated costimulatory receptors and their counterparts on antigen-presenting cells (APC). The inte
Gershon RR; Vlahov D; Felknor SA; Vesley D; Johnson PC; Delclos GL; Murphy LR; Department of Environmental Health Science, Johns Hopkins; University, the School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore,; MD 21205-2179, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To assess and characterize self-reported levels of compliance with universal precautions among hospital-based health care workers and to determine correlates of compliance. DESIGN: Confidential questionnaire survey of 1716 hospital-based health care workers. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recruited from th
Chavan SJ; Bornmann WG; Flexner C; Prochaska HJ; Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Program, Memorial; Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Oltipraz (5-pyrazinyl-4-methyl-1,2-dithiole-3-thione), which is undergoing clinical evaluation as an anticarcinogen, also inhibits HIV-1 replication (IC50 approximately equal to 10 microM). The inactivation of RT appears to be a relevant antiviral mechanism since oltipraz blocks viral replication in acutely infected T
Kerschmann RL; Berger TG; Weiss LM; Herndier BG; Abrahms KM; Heon V; Schulze K; Kaplan LD; Resnik SD; LeBoit PE; Department of Pathology, University of California Medical Center,; San Francisco, USA.
BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Most non-Hodgkin s lymphomas in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection are of B-cell lineage. Cutaneous lymphoma in the human immunodeficiency virus disease has not been systematically reviewed. We studied 25 patients with both human immunodeficiency virus infection and cutaneous p
Murakawa GJ; McCalmont T; Altman J; Telang GH; Hoffman MD; Kantor GR; Berger TG; Department of Dermatology, University of California at San; Francisco, USA.
BACKGROUND: Acanthamoeba and Leptomyxida are free-living amebae that cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis, a rare, slowly progressive, fatal neurologic process seen in immunosuppressed hosts. In addition, these organisms produce disseminated cutaneous lesions and involve other organs, particularly in patients with
Preesman AH; Schrooyen SJ; Toonstra J; van der Putte SC; Rademakers LH; Willemze R; van Vloten WA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Utrecht, The; Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: As the differential diagnosis of erythrodermic actinic reticuloid vs Sezary syndrome (SS) can be very difficult, we examined the value of the nuclear contour index (NCI) on blood lymphocytes as the criterion for differential diagnoses. The NCI is defined as the nuclear parameter divided by the square root
Arend SM; Kroon FP; van't Wout JW; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Leiden,; The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) occurs in immunocompromised patients without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There has been an increasing yearly number of cases of PCP in our patients without AIDS. OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature of the underlying disorder and previous immunosuppress
Majewski S; Skopinska M; Blaszczyk M; Ryba M; Grieb P; Chorzelski T; Jablonska S; Department of Dermatology, Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland.
Three patients with diffuse variety of systemic scleroderma were treated with 2-chloro-2 -deoxyadenosine. In two of them a moderate improvement of skin involvement was observed. No significant effects of the drug on the immunological parameters have been found.
Zetler PJ; Filipenko JD; Bilbey JH; Schmidt N; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St Paul's; Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
We report a rare primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma in a 30-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus--positive man. This is, we believe, the third documented case in the English literature of this tumor in this site, and the first to be reported in an adult male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The smooth muscle ori
DeStefano JJ; Department of Microbiology, University of Maryland, College Park,; USA.
We have examined the influence of HIV nucleocapsid protein (NCp) on strand transfer from internal regions of a heteropolymeric RNA template. The system consisted of a DNA-primed 225 nucleotide RNA donor template, on which reverse transcriptase initiated primer extension, and a 189 nucleotide RNA acceptor template, to
Abbate I; Capobianchi MR; Fais S; Castilletti C; Mercuri F; Cordiali Fei P; Ameglio F; Dianzani F; Institute of Virology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
HIV-1 acquires cell membrane proteins during budding. The cell membrane proteins (CMP) profile of laboratory HIV-1 strains grown in different host cells was established, by using an immobilized antibody capture (IAC), to verify whether CMPs present on HIV-1 correlate with its host cell origin. HIV-1 grown in different
Agostini HT; Brubaker GR; Shao J; Levin A; Ryschkewitsch CF; Blattner WA; Stoner GL; Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, National Institute of; Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
HIV-1 positive patients from Tanzanian villages near Shirati were examined for urinary excretion of the human polyomaviruses JC and BK using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). BK virus (BKV) was detected in 11 of 23 individuals tested. The BKV DNA sequences were all closely related to prototype Gardner strain and BK
Fontenot JD; VanCott TC; Parekh BS; Pau CP; George JR; Birx DL; Zolla-Pazner S; Gorny MK; Gatewood JM; Theoretical Biology and Biophysics and Life Sciences Division,; Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunological properties of a panel of human mucin MUC1/HIV V3 loop chimeras. DESIGN: The immunodominant epitope of MUC1 (APDTR) was found to be structurally isomorphous with the tip of the principle neutralizing determinant (PND) of HIV-1 (MN) (GPGRA). A panel of 120 residue, six tandem rep
Cribier B; Rey D; Schmitt C; Lang JM; Kirn A; Stoll-Keller F; INSERM U74, Strasbourg, France.
OBJECTIVE: To compare hepatitis C virus (HCV) load in patients infected with HCV alone and those coinfected with HIV, and to evaluate the antibody response to HCV in the case of HIV infection. DESIGN: Patients coinfected with both HCV and HIV have been shown to develop hepatic changes more rapidly, which may be due to
Angel JB; Saget BM; Walsh SP; Greten TF; Dinarello CA; Skolnik PR; Endres S; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine,; Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of rolipram, a specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and HIV-1 replication. DESIGN: TNF-alpha enhances HIV-1 replication in vitro; blocking TNF-alpha and thereby inhibiting HIV-1 replication may therefore potentially delay prog
Chan IS; Neaton JD; Saravolatz LD; Crane LR; Osterberger J; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of; Minnesota, Minneapolis 55414-1380, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the complete history of major opportunistic events experienced by 1883 HIV-infected persons prior to and specifically within 6 months of death, and to determine whether the frequency of specific events varies according to demographic characteristics, risk behaviors or geographic location. DESIG
Veenstra J; Krol A; van Praag RM; Frissen PH; Schellekens PT; Lange JM; Coutinho RA; van der Meer JT; Department of Public Health and Environment, University of; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of herpes zoster, the relationship between herpes zoster and immunological markers, and the prognostic value of herpes zoster for progression of HIV disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 966 homosexual participants in The Amsterdam Cohort Study were studied. Herpes zoster was define
Calpe JL; Chiner E; Larramendi CH; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Villajoyosa Hospital,; Alicante, Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of endobronchial tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Review of the clinical records of HIV-infected patients in whom diagnostic bronchoscopy was performed because of pulmonary signs or symptoms during a 3-year period. RESULTS: Seventy bronchoscopies were performed in 59
Maehlen J; Dunlop O; Liestol K; Dobloug JH; Goplen AK; Torvik A; Department of Pathology, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo,; Norway.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between HIV-induced brain lesions, zidovudine (ZDV) treatment and survival length in a well-defined population of HIV-positive patients. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Ulleval Hospital has the responsibility for treating all AIDS patients from the city of Oslo except haemophiliac patients
Carael M; Cleland J; Deheneffe JC; Ferry B; Ingham R; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva,; Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE: To provide basic information on pre- and extramarital sex in the general population and other factors related to HIV transmission. DESIGN: Cross-sectional household survey in 18 countries of the developing world, mainly in Africa and Asia. RESPONDENTS: Representative samples of 1300-6995 individuals aged 15
Brettle RP; Raab GM; Ross A; Fielding KL; Gore SM; Bird AG; Regional Infectious Disease Unit, City Hospital, Scotland, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the influence of pregnancy on immunological marker paths and progression of HIV-infected women. DESIGN: Analysis of prospectively collected immunological and clinical data collected on 145 women reviewed at the City Hospital, Edinburgh, between 1985 and 1992 using a two-level random-effects mode
OBJECTIVE: To assess the response to therapy for tuberculosis using rifampicin-containing short-course chemotherapy, and to compare recurrence and mortality rates in seronegative persons and those with HIV-1, HIV-2, and dual serologic reactivity in West Africa. METHODS: A cohort of 835 adult patients (167 HIV-1-positi
Ann Med. 1995 Aug;27(4):467-75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96026655
Weiss EG; Wexner SD; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Fort; Lauderdale 33309-1743, USA.
Anorectal manifestations are commonplace in patients with HIV infection. However, standardized or rational treatment of these conditions has not been proposed and many patients are denied adequate treatment based on fear of complications. This review looks critically at the available literature to draw conclusions abo
De Pouplana M; Soriano V; Garcia-Samaniego J; Enriquez A; Munoz F; Gonzalez-Lahoz J; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Centro de Investigaciones; Clinicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid.
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) induces severe liver disease in HBsAg carriers. In regions such as Spain , drug addicts make-up a large part of the HIV-positive population and they are at risk of HDV infection. Natural history of chronic hepatitis D is not well known in HIV-i
Sebastian JJ; Fuentes J; Garcia S; Uribarrena R; Yus C; Boldova I; Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza.
We report the case of a young male patient, VIH (+), who was admitted in our hospital with severe epigastric pain. Endoscopical and histological diagnosis was primary gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma without Helicobacter pylori. The patient was treated with chemotherapy by CHOP scheme (6 cycles), with high clinical improv
Fox RI; Department of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic and Research; Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
The literature published over the past year on Sjogren s syndrome is reviewed, including epidemiology, genetic, environmental, and clinical features. The criteria for the classification of Sjogren s syndrome remain controversial, potentially leading to confusion in clinical practice and in research publications. Dryne
Toraldo R; D'Avanzo M; Tolone C; Canino G; Iafusco F; Notarangelo LD; Ugazio A; Cirillo C; Dipartimento di Pediatrica, II Universita di Napoli, Italy.
We report an 18-year-old boy with common variable immunodeficiency who presented with splenomegaly as well as left axillary and lateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Main laboratory investigations showed severe thrombocytopenia. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected in the patient s throat-washing specimens and lymph
We report the case of a 10-month-old boy born to an HIV-positive mother who presented with symptoms compatible with AIDS. However, he became HIV-negative and his condition was probably due to combined cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections.
Canterbury RJ; McGarvey EL; Sheldon-Keller AE; Waite D; Reams P; Koopman C; Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Blue Ridge Hospital; Division-Box 16, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901,; USA.
PURPOSE: To determine the HIV-related risk behaviors and STDs in a population of incarcerated adolescents in order to strategically target education and prevention efforts. METHODS: A single point-in-time prevalence study based on an analysis of intake medical records of 1,215 incarcerated youth were analyzed for HIV
Yamaguchi K; Byrn RA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Deaconess Hospital, Harvard; Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Proteinase inhibitors are an important new class of antiviral agents for AIDS, however, in vitro experiments have identified proteinase mutations that confer resistance to several different families of the inhibitors. This study was undertaken to determine if these resistance-conferring amino-acid substitutions occur
Quiros E; Lopez-Canabare MJ; Quiros A; Piedrola G; Maroto MC; Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Granada.
BACKGROUND: In HIV infection, T cells depletion cannot only be explained by direct viral infection. Programmed cell death (PCD), also know as apoptosis or activation-induced cell death, may be responsible for the deletion of reactive T cells that contributes to HIV induced immunodeficiency. We studied the response of
An Med Interna. 1995 Oct;12(10):485-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96120121
Aguirre A; Supervia A; Knobel H; Galofre N; Saballs P; Pascual J; Diez A; Servicio de Medicina Interna y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital; del Mar, Barcelona.
Several problems are presented in differential diagnosis between cerebral tuberculomas and other brain lesions. Eight cases of cerebral tuberculomas diagnosed in our hospital between 1962 and 1992 were studied. Data about age, sex, HIV antibodies, clinical manifestation, tomographic images, non cerebral locations, dia
Barbaro G; Di Lorenzo G; Dipartimento di Medicina di Urgenza, Universita degli Studi, La; Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy.
The aim of this study was to assess the role and therapeutic efficacy of two azole antifungal drugs, fluconazole and itraconazole, in the treatment of endoscopically-diagnosed Candida oesophagitis in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The study considered 120 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-po
Kihara M; Ichikawa S; Soda K; Kihara M; Hasimoto S; Shinmura K; Department of Epidemiology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research; Institute.
HIV/AIDS surveillance in Japan experienced a sharp and transient rise in 1991-92 in the number of foreign HIV positives but not of AIDS cases, for reasons of which remain unclear. Using the national HIV/AIDS surveillance data base the cause of the increase was studied by comparing t
Dauden E; Penas PF; Buezo GF; Fraga J; Garcia-Diez A; Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad; Autonoma, Madrid, Spain.
We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM). During her workup infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was detected. She developed a cerebral toxoplasmosis, salmonella sp. bacteremia and oral ulcerations with the presence of type I herpes simplex virus and
Ann Pharmacother. 1995 Jul-Aug;29(7-8):760-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96131195
Behbahani R; Moshfeghi M; Baxter JD; Department of Pharmacy, Cooper Hospital/University Medical; Center, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize current knowledge of prophylaxis and treatment of AIDS-related toxoplasmosis. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1985-1994) was used to identify pertinent literature, including reviews. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles were considered for possible inclusion in the review. Pertinen
Ann Pharmacother. 1995 Jul-Aug;29(7-8):778-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96131197
Kuehl AK; Noormohamed SE; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine,; University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Recombinant erythropoietin (Epogen, Amgen Pharmaceuticals; Procrit, Amgen Pharmaceuticals, distributed by Ortho Biotech) is approved for use in anemia associated with HIV infection and treatment. The recommended starting dose is 100 IU/kg iv or sc 3 times per week. Current evidenc
Ross JD; Weir M; Horn CK; Moyes A; Young H; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary,; Scotland, UK.
Using monoclonal antibodies directed against protein 1 (major outer membrane protein) in the cell wall of Neisseria gonorrhoeae it is possible to serotype the gonococcus into different sub-groups. This study was designed to analyse the distribution of such serovars in Glasgow, Scotland, and report associations between
BMJ. 1995 Dec 2;311(7018):1468-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96096391
Perneger TV; Sudre P; Lundgren JD; Hirschel B; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of; Geneva, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE--To assess the impact of tuberculosis on mortality in patients with AIDS. DESIGN--Community based cohort study. SETTING--52 centres in 17 countries (AIDS in Europe study). SUBJECTS--5249 patients who were alive and free of tuberculosis one month after the diagnosis of AIDS, enrolled between 1979 and 1989, an
BMJ. 1995 Dec 9;311(7019):1534-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96101226
Franceschi S; Dal Maso L; La Vecchia C; Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico,; Aviano, Italy.
OBJECTIVE--To quantify patterns and trends in incidence of AIDS associated with transfusion of blood and its products in 14 European countries and the United States . DESIGN--Data were derived from the World Health Organisation s European non-aggregate AIDS dataset and, for the United S
Domagala-Kulawik J; Hoser G; Doboszynska A; Kawiak J; Droszcz W; Kliniki Pneumonologii AM w Warszawie.
Patients with systemic sclerosis frequently develop interstitial lung disease. One of the major sites of pathogenic activity are lymphocytes from lung interstitium. The purpose of this work was phenotype analysis of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with flow cytofluorometry. We found an increase numb
Banerji S; Lugli EB; Miller RF; Wakefield AE; Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, United; Kingdom.
The DNA sequences of a portion of the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate phosphate synthase domain of the arom gene, encoding the pentafunctional AROM protein, were determined from isolates of Pneumocystis carinii from five mammalian host species (rat, human, ferret, rabbit and mouse). High levels of genetic divergence were foun
Lewi DS; Kater CE; Moreira AC; Disciplina de Doencas Infecciosas, Escola Paulista de Medicina,; Sao Paulo.
Ten-20% of patients with AIDS may present clinical evidence of primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency. PURPOSE--To evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPAA) with CRH in patients with AIDS. METHODS--We studied 20 patients with AIDS and 17 normal subjects (NS) with exogenous ACTH (cosyntropin, 2
Uip DE; Amato VS; Amato Neto V; dos Santos TJ; Mussi NS; Hamerschlak N; Departamento de Doencas Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade; de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo.
Health professionals (HP) are frequently exposed to accidents with materials contaminated with blood and/or body fluids, thus representing a population at risk for the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). PURPOSE--To determine the prevalence of HIV and HBV infection among HP a
Tissues from 9 horses and 1 donkey suffering from natural Borna disease were investigated immunomorphologically. Lymphocytic inflammatory reactions and increased expressions of MHC class I and class II antigen were found in the brain as well as in the trigeminal and olfactory system. Perivascular inflammatory infiltra
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Dec;152(6 Pt 1):2000-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96094250
Amdahl BM; Rubins JB; Daley CL; Gilks CF; Hopewell PC; Janoff EN; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a significantly increased incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia and concomitant bacteremia. We hypothesized that the predisposition of HIV-infected patients to invasive pneumococcal infection may be related, in part, to an impaired immune response to the pn
Eastlund T; American Red Cross, North Central Tissue Services, St. Paul, MN; 55107, USA.
The incidence of cell transplant-transmitted infection is unknown and can only be inferred from prospective studies--that have not yet been performed and reported. The possibility of donor-to-recipient disease transmission through cell transplant therapy can be considered by reviewing the risk associated with other tr
The Sacred Heart Hospice, Sydney, was founded in 1890 and is the largest inpatient palliative-care facility in Australia . Patients with advanced cancer form the predominant patient group, although patients with HIV/AIDS account for approximately 20% of admissions. A community-ou
McKnight A; Clapham PR; Virology Laboratory, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of; Cancer Research, London, UK.
HIV-1 cell tropisms are partly determined by the hypervariable loops V1/V2 and V3 in gp120, which also contain epitopes for neutralizing antibodies. Mutations conferring tropism changes can result in escape from neutralization and vice versa. We examine whether variant viruses that can colonize new cell types and simu
Ekblad U; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Central; Hospital, Finland.
Pregnant women are exposed to many biological, eg microbial, agents, which are potentially harmful to the fetus. The reported rates of vertical transmission of hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus vary between 3 to 90% and 0 to 65%, respectively. The susceptibility to hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency inf
C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1995;189(3):367-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96098959
Edeas M; Khalfoun Y; Lazizi Y; Vergnes L; Labidalle S; Postaire E; Lindenbaum A; Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hopital Antoine-Beclere, CLAMART.
A large body of evidence indicates that AIDS may be the consequence of a virus-induced antioxidant deficiency and implicates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. The high level of antigenic acid and cytokines activities in AIDS results in the production of superoxides (O2-), hydrogen per
C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1995;189(3):389-400. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96098961
Torreilles J; Guerin MC; INSERM U58, Montpellier.
Ten years ago, the term oxidative stress (sigma -O2) was created to define oxidative damage inflicted to the organism. This definition brings together processes involving reactive oxygen species production and action such as free radical production during univalent reduction of oxygen within mitochondria, activation o
Gulley ML; Sargeant KP; Grider DJ; Eagan PA; Davey DD; Damm DD; Robinson RA; Vandersteen DP; McGuff HS; Banks PM; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
OBJECTIVES. Epstein-Barr virus is periodically shed in the saliva of persons infected by the virus. Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain subtypes of lymphoma, particularly high-grade lymphomas. Because high-grade subtypes represent the majority of lymphomas that arise in oral soft tiss
Tenor H; Staniciu L; Schudt C; Hatzelmann A; Wendel A; Djukanovic R; Church MK; Shute JK; Immunopharmacology Group, University of Southampton, UK.
BACKGROUND: CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes are suggested to differentially affect airway inflammation in asthma. Agents which increase intracellular cAMP levels, such as PDE inhibitors, have been shown to diminish lymphocyte growth and differentiation, and to affect cytokine expression. Differences in the PDE isoenzyme p
Tramontana JM; Utaipat U; Molloy A; Akarasewi P; Burroughs M; Makonkawkeyoon S; Johnson B; Klausner JD; Rom W; Kaplan G; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller; University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
BACKGROUND: The monocyte-derived cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), is essential for host immunity, but overproduction of this cytokine may have serious pathologic consequences. Excess TNF alpha produced in pulmonary tuberculosis may cause fevers, weakness, night sweats, necrosis, and progressive weigh
Gschwentner M; Susanna A; Woll E; Ritter M; Nagl UO; Schmarda A; Laich A; Pinggera GM; Ellemunter H; Huemer H; et al; Department of Physiology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
BACKGROUND: The antiviral drugs AZT and acyclovir are generally used in the treatment of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). These substances are known to impede vi
Constans J; Peuchant E; Pellegrin JL; Sergeant C; Hamon C; Dubourg L; Thomas MJ; Simonoff M; Pellegrin I; Brossard G; et al; Service de Medecine Interne et Pathologie Vasculaire, Hopital; Saint-Andre, Bordeaux, France.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate red blood cell (RBC) and plasma fatty acids (FA) in HIV-positive patients in relation to oxidative stress and nutritional or immunological status. DESIGN AND METHODS: FA, plasma selenium, vitamins A and E were measured in 95 patients divided into four groups according to CD4 cells. RESULTS: P
Wrzolek MA; Brudkowska J; Kozlowski PB; Rao C; Anzil AP; Klein EA; Del Rosario C; Abdu A; Kaufman L; Chandler FW; Department of Pathology, State University of New York Health; Science Center, Brooklyn 11203, USA.
Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities attributed to direct effects of HIV infection are seen in most of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Secondary CNS infections with opportunistic and common pathogens are infrequent in this age group. We report 9 cases of opportunistic infection of the CN
EMBO J. 1995 Nov 15;14(22):5524-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96091124
Rapaport D; Ovadia M; Shai Y; Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann; Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
A series of peptides derived from three domains within the fusion protein of Sendai virus was synthesized and examined for their potential to inhibit the fusion of the virus with human red blood cells. These domains include the fusion peptide and two heptad repeats, one adjacent to the fusion peptide (SV-163) and th
Zakharova OD; Tarrago-Litvak L; Maksakova G; Andreola ML; Dufour E; Litvak S; Nevinsky GA; Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Siberian Division; of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.
The comparison of Km and Vmax values for various primers in the reaction of polymerization catalyzed by the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase was carried out. The primers were: (a) complementary to the template, (b) partially complementary with mismatched nucleotides at different positi
Aynaud O; Casanova JM; Tranbaloc P; Department of Urology-Andrology, Saint-Jacques Hospital, Paris,; France.
The use of carbon dioxide laser for 38 posthetomies or therapeutic circumcisions in the treatment of phimosis, paraphimosis, balanitis of Zoon or a genital infection by the human papillomaviurs permits clean and hemostatic incisions. The clean and dry wound produced by the carbon dioxide beam offers several advantages
Hughes PH; Rieche O; Institute for Research in Psychiatry, T.G.H. University; Psychiatry Center, University of South Florida, Tampa 33613, USA.
This paper reviewed heroin use data from the US government s epidemiologic monitoring system for substance abuse. The monitoring system has multiple components, i.e., the Drug Abuse Warning Network of reporting emergency rooms (9), annual surveys of high school and post-high school youth (3, 4), annual National Househ
Shimada A; Rohane P; Fathman CG; Charlton B; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine,; California, USA.
The adoptive transfer of splenocytes from diabetic NOD mice to NOD-scid/scid (NOD-scid) recipients results in diabetes. This model was used to test the effect of cotransfer of splenocyte subsets from young nondiabetic NOD mice. As shown previously in other NOD models, the CD4+ subset from young nondiabetic mice signif
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1995 Sep;17(5):346-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96107601
McDaniel JS; Fowlie E; Summerville MB; Farber EW; Cohen-Cole SA; Grady Health System Infectious Disease Program, Department of; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of; Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30308, USA.
This study examined demography, rates of psychopathology, and functional impairment in HIV-seropositive women and men in a large, urban, public outpatient infectious disease clinic. Fifty-three percent of the women and 70% of the men met Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R criteria for psychiatric disorders. C
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1995 Sep;17(5):380-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96107605
Mierlak D; Leon A; Perry S; HIV Clinical Research Program, Cornell University Medical; College, New York, NY, USA.
The Beck Depression Inventory, Karnofsky Scale of Physical Performance, and a visual-analogue scale to assess subjective distress were administered to 32 HIV-infected medical inpatients shortly after admission and prior to discharge. Twenty-eight percent of subjects had severe depressive symptoms on admission. Most of
Gene. 1995 Nov 20;165(2):163-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96096516
Bckstrom M; Holmgren J; Schodel F; Lebens M; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg; University, Sweden.
We previously described the construction of novel hybrid proteins based on the B-subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) [Backstrom et al., Gene 149 (1994) 211-217], in which a neutralizing B-cell epitope from the third variable (V3) loop in the envelope glycoprotein gp120 from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was i
Gemignani M; Maiman M; Fruchter RG; Arrastia CD; Gibbon D; Ellison T; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New; York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn 11203, USA.
OBJECTIVE. To assess the relationship between CD4 lymphocyte population and stage of disease in cervical neoplasia. METHODS. Study population was 107 women with invasive cervical cancer, 116 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 32 women without neoplasia diagnosed in 1988-1994. All women under age
Shinomiya Y; Harada M; Kurosawa S; Okamoto T; Terao H; Matsuzaki G; Shirakusa T; Nomoto K; Department of Immunology, Kyushu University, Japan.
The Th1 type Cd4+ T cell clone (MH2), which is capable of recognizing purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD), was examined for its anti-metastatic activity against melanoma. In using an in vitro proliferative assay, MH2 was able to recognize PPD-derived antigen in a major histocompatibility
Sfikakis PP; Tzavara V; Sipsas N; Kosmopoulou O; Sfikakis P; Kordossis T; First Dept. of Propedeutic Medicine, Athens University Medical; School, Laikon General Hospital, Greece.
The levels of soluble form of E-Selectin (sEs), or endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, were measured in 96 sera derived from 72 HIV-infected patients at different stages of the disease, 60 healthy blood donors, and 50 HIV-negative patients with infections, using a quantitative ELISA. Levels of sEs in HIV-infect
Luna-Herrera J; Reddy MV; Gangadharam PR; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612,; USA.
Rifabutin, a spiropiperidyl derivative of rifampicin, is approved for the prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients in the US, and for the treatment of M. avium infections, tuberculosis and multiple drug resistant tuberculosis in many countries. In the present study, rifabutin was compared with ri
Winstanley P; Khoo S; Szwandt S; Edwards G; Wilkins E; Tija J; Coker R; McKane W; Beeching N; Watkin S; et al; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of; Liverpool, UK.
We have characterized the disposition of pyrimethamine in 20 adults with advanced AIDS. After the first dose, the area under concentration versus time curves (corrected for dose-size) varied 13-fold. This marked variation in drug levels was also noted during accumulation towards steady-state: pyrimethamine levels were
Blaese RM; Clinical Gene Therapy Branch, National Center for Human Genome; Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, USA.
Strategies under investigation--in some cases in clinical trials--include the delivery of suicide genes to induce the self-destruction of infected or tumorous cells and the delivery of genes to facilitate T-cell recognition of such cells. The HIV life cycle offers many additional attack points for therapeutic genes de
Assays were developed to assess a variety of conditions and presentations of infectious HIV to potential inactivating sources. A range of commercially available disinfectants with active constituents including glutaraldehyde, chlorine, phenolics, alcohol, iodine and quaternary ammonium compounds was tested. In additio
Abbott M; Khoo SH; Hammer MR; Wilkins EG; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Southport and Formby; District General Hospital, UK.
In order to determine the prevalence of cortisol deficiency in advanced HIV disease and to examine whether it may be predicted by clinical features or biochemical abnormalities, we conducted a prospective study which assessed responses to a rapid ACTH stimulation test (short-duration synthetic corticotrophin test, syn
Evans MR; Booth JC; Wansbrough-Jones MH; Division of Infectious Diseases, St George's Hospital Medical; School, London, U.K.
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical significance of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) viraemia in HIV-infected subjects (with or without AIDS) who had attended this hospital during a 45 month period. They
Peters M; Muller C; Rusch-Gerdes S; Seidel C; Gobel U; Pohle HD; Ruf B; Il. Department of Medicine, Rudolf Virchow University Hospital,; Berlin, Germany
Infections caused by mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), especially Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), are common in AIDS patients, but rare in immunocompetent persons. The route of transmission is unknown, but tap water could provide a possible source of infection: MAC was isolated from tap water in the U.S.
Singh NB; Panda S; Naik TN; Agarwal A; Singh HL; Singh YI; Deb BC; Microbiology Dept., Regional Medical College, Imphal, Manipur,; India.
Manipur, a north-eastern state of India bordering Myanmar , observed introduction of HIV-1 among fairly large number of IDUs in October 1989, followed by rapid spread within the next 6 months. HIV-2 in injectors was not present until recently, th
Maher D; Hoffman I; Department of Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine,; Central Africa.
The limited information on the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Malawi suggests that they are common. In studies in Lilongwe in 1989 and Blantyre in 1990, the prevalence of STDs was 4.4% in unselected outpatients and 42% in antenatal clinic patients respectivel
Soriano V; Garcia-Samaniego J; Bravo R; Castro A; Odriozola PM; Gonzalez J; Colmenero M; Carballo E; Suarez D; Llibre JM; et al; Centro de Investigaciones Clinicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos; III, Madrid, Spain.
The efficacy and safety of recombinant alpha-interferon (IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) was assessed in 57 HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ T cells above 200/mm3 and compared to the response obtained in 21 HIV-negative patients with CHC. IFN 5 megaU was given three times a week subcutaneously for 3 month
Sei Y; Paul IA; Saito K; Layar R; Hartley JW; Morse HC 3rd; Skolnick P; Heyes MP; Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute of Diabetes,; Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Mice infected with the retrovirus mixture designated LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) develop an immunosuppressive disease. Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous neurotoxic N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist that may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurologic disease. In the present study, the levels o
Nishida K; Markey SP; Kustova Y; Morse HC 3rd; Skolnick P; Basile AS; Sei Y; Section on Analytical Biochemistry, National Institute of Mental; Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,; USA.
Mice infected with the LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) develop an immunodeficiency syndrome (murine AIDS) and an encephalopathy characterized by impaired spatial learning and memory. Because platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated
Unger AS; Kessler CM; Lewis RJ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University; Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Twenty-six knee arthroplasties were performed in 15 patients with hemophilia A and human immunodeficiency virus infection from 1984 to 1991. Patient age range was 27 to 48 years. After an average follow-up period of 6.4 years (range, 1-9 years) all patients were alive and none of the implants had become infected. T4 l
Measures PT; Mort KA; Allan NL; Cooper DL; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, U.K.
Momentum-space similarity indices were used in studies linking chemical structure to observed activity. These included (a) the biological activity of various molecules that are of interest due to their capacity for HIV inhibition; and (b) the hyperpolarisabilities of series of conjugated molecules. Study (a) included
Jellinger KA; Paulus W; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Laniz; Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) show increased incidence both in immunocompromised high-risk groups and in the general population. They are extranodal diffuse non-Hodgkin s lymphomas with a morphology similar to systemic lymphomas, but differ in their biological and molecular behaviour. The majority a
Depas G; Chiron C; Tardieu M; Nuttin C; Blanche S; Raynaud C; Syrota A; Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA and INSERM U29, Orsay,; France.
The aim of this work was to study cerebral function in vertically infected children with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). METHODS: PET with 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was performed in eight children (2.5-5.5 yr): three with severe neurological symptoms and five without. Quantitative analysis was based
del Val Gomez M; Gallardo FG; Cobo J; Castro-Beiras JM; Nuclear Medicine Service, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid,; Spain.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of abnormal 67Ga-citrate skull uptake in AIDS patients with mycobacterioses. METHODS: Gallium-67 scans of 39 HIV-positive patients who have been diagnosed with mycobacterioses were analyzed; the scans of 15 consecutive HIV-positive patients without mycobact
Ohashi S; Hiraide F; Funasaka S; Fujita H; Yoshiura K; Hagiwara A; Fukue H; Fukutake K; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Medical College.
In patients with HIV infection, oral and pharyngeal pathology frequently occurs, but there have been no reports on cases of deafness in Japan . Herein, the authors report two cases of sensory neural hearing loss in hemophilia A patients infected with HIV through factor VIII concentra
Van Dyke RB; Heneine W; Perrin ME; Rudolph D; Starszak E; Woods T; Switzer WM; Kaplan JE; Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine,; New Orleans, Louisiana.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of mother-to-child transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) and to explore its association with breast-feeding. DESIGN: Prospective study of children born to a cohort of HTLV-II-infected pregnant women and a cross-sectional study of older siblings of these chil
A set of 100 novel 2-heterosubstituted statine derivatives inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus type-1 proteinase has been investigated by comparative molecular field analysis. In order to combine the structural information available from X-ray analyses with a predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship
J Med Chem. 1995 Dec 8;38(25):4929-36. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96105435
Bell FW; Cantrell AS; Hogberg M; Jaskunas SR; Johansson NG; Jordan CL; Kinnick MD; Lind P; Morin JM Jr; Noreen R; et al; Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly; Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
A novel series of potent specific HIV-1 inhibitory compounds is described. The lead compound in the series, N-(2-phenethyl)-N -(2-thiazolyl)thiourea (1), inhibits HIV-1 RT using rCdG as the template with an IC50 of 0.9 microM. In MT-4 cells, compound 1 inhibits HIV-1 with an ED50 of 1.3 microM. The 50% cytotoxic dose
The T-cell receptor repertoire was analyzed in C57BL/6 mice upon infection with helper-free stocks of the pathogenic murine AIDS (MAIDS) defective virus in order to demonstrate if, as previously reported, this virus encodes a superantigen. A polyclonal T-cell stimulation involving T cells expressing multiple V beta su
Kondo E; Gottlinger HG; Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, MA 02115, USA.
The vpr gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1) is a virion-associated regulatory protein. A transferable virion association motif for Vpr is located in the p6 domain of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein. To map the sequences in p6 that are involved in Vpr incorporation, we analyzed the ability of mutant for
Symensma TL; Giver L; Zapp M; Takle GB; Ellington AD; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405,; USA.
RNA aptamers (binding sequences) that can interact tightly and specifically with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev protein have previously been selected from random sequence pools. Although the selected sequences compete with the wild-type Rev-binding element (RBE) in vitro, it was not known whether they wou
Badley AD; McElhinny JA; Leibson PJ; Lynch DH; Alderson MR; Paya CV; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; 55905, USA.
Apoptosis has been proposed to mediate CD4+ T-cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Interaction of Fas ligand (FasL) with Fas (CD95) results in lymphocyte apoptosis, and increased susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis has been demonstrated in lymphocytes from HIV-infected indivi
Folgueira L; McElhinny JA; Bren GD; MacMorran WS; Diaz-Meco MT; Moscat J; Paya CV; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; 55905, USA.
The molecular mechanisms regulating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persistence in a major cell reservoir such as the macrophage remain unknown. NF-kappa B is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of the HIV long terminal repeat and is selectively activated following HIV infection of human macrophages.
Yang C; Compans RW; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University; School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
It was previously reported that truncation or proteolytic removal of the C-terminal 16 amino acids (the R peptide) from the cytoplasmic tail of the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) envelope protein greatly increases its fusion activity. In this study, to investigate the specificity of the effect of the R peptide on the fu
Martin I; Schaal H; Scheid A; Ruysschaert JM; Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique des Macromolecules aux; Interfaces, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
The amino-terminal extremity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane protein (gp41) is thought to play a pivotal role in the fusion of virus membranes with the plasma membrane of the target cell and in syncytium formation. Peptides with sequences taken from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41
Freed EO; Martin MA; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460,; USA.
We recently demonstrated that a single amino acid substitution in matrix residue 12 (12LE) or 30 (30LE) blocks the incorporation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins into virions and that this block can be reversed by pseudotyping with heterologous retroviral envelope glycoproteins wit
de Noronha CM; Reinhart TA; Mullins JI; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Cytopathic feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections of feline T-cell line (FeT-cell) cultures led to the accumulation and maintenance of threefold more proviruses with deletions within the polymerase gene (pol) than minimally cytopathic FeLV infections. Over 60% of the viral DNA from cytopathic infections bore deletion
Hasenkrug KJ; Brooks DM; Nishio J; Chesebro B; Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain; Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA.
Friend murine leukemia virus is a retrovirus complex that induces rapid erythroleukemia and immunosuppression in susceptible strains of adult mice. Using this model, we directly examined the T-cell subsets required for a protective retrovirus vaccine. Paradoxically, recovery in mice immunized with a chimeric envelope
Goulaouic H; Chow SA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of; Medicine 90095, USA.
We tested whether the selection of target sites can be manipulated by fusing retroviral integrase with a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. A hybrid protein that has the Escherichia coli LexA protein fused to the C terminus of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase was constructed. The fusion protein, I
Rich RF; Green WR; Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon,; New Hampshire 03756, USA.
We have previously shown that AKR.H-2b congenic mice, though carrying the responder H-2b major histocompatibility complex haplotype, are unable to generate secondary cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses specific for AKR/Gross murine leukemia virus (MuLV). Our published work has shown that this nonresponsive state is
Moore JP; Cao Y; Leu J; Qin L; Korber B; Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of; Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
We have studied genetic variation among clades A through E of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the levels of antibody binding to gp120 molecules and virus neutralization. We are unable to identify neutralization serotypes that correspond to the genetic clades. Instead, we observe that inter- and intracla
Kostrikis LG; Cao Y; Ngai H; Moore JP; Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of; Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) M group strains have been assigned to date to nine distinct genetic subtypes, designated A through I, according to phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of their env or gag genes. Whether there is any relationship between phylogenetic subtypes and the neutralization
Karczewski MK; Strebel K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460,; USA.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif protein has an important role in the regulation of virus infectivity. This function of Vif is cell type specific, and virions produced in the absence of Vif in restrictive cells have greatly reduced infectivity. We show here that the intracellular localization of Vif
Moore PS; Gao SJ; Dominguez G; Cesarman E; Lungu O; Knowles DM; Garber R; Pellett PE; McGeoch DJ; Chang Y; Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; 10032, USA.
Detection of novel DNA sequences in Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) and AIDS-related body cavity-based, non-Hodgkin s lymphomas suggests that these neoplasms are caused by a previously unidentified human herpesvirus. We have characterized this agent using a continuously infected B-lymphocyte cell line derived from an AIDS-relat
Kraus LA; Bradley WG; Engelman RW; Brown KM; Good RA; Day NK; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.
The presence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) proviral DNA, expression of FIV p26 core protein, and production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were assessed in sequential biopsies of spleen and lymph node sections, of mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood, and of the serum of specific-pathogen-fre
Wang WK; Essex M; Lee TH; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
The second major cysteine loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 contains 5 to 11 consensus N-linked glycosylation sites, which is disproportionately higher than the number of such sites found in other regions of gp120. Amino acid substitutions introduced at three of six N-linked glyco
Matteucci D; Pistello M; Mazzetti P; Giannecchini S; Del Mauro D; Zaccaro L; Bandecchi P; Tozzini F; Bendinelli M; Department of Biomedicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
So far, vaccination experiments against feline immunodeficiency virus have used in vitro-grown virus to challenge the vaccinated hosts. In this study, cats were vaccinated with fixed feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cells and challenged with plasma obtained from cats infected with the homologous virus diluted to
Zhang H; Dornadula G; Wu Y; Havlir D; Richman DD; Pomerantz RJ; Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Department of Medicine,; Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University,; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
Intravirion reverse transcripts have been identified in the blood plasma of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. In the present studies, the kinetic processes of intravirion HIV-1 reverse transcription, in the blood plasma of HIV-1-infected persons treated with
Cannon PM; Byles ED; Kingsman SM; Kingsman AJ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
We have previously identified a residue in the carboxyl terminus of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (HIV-1 IN), W-235, the requirement for which is only revealed in viral assays for integrase function (P. M. Cannon, W. Wilson, E. Byles, S. M. Kingsman, and A. J. Kingsman, J. Virol. 68:4768-4775, 1994). O
Geigenmuller U; Linial ML; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research; Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
We developed an in vitro binding assay to study the specific interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and the Gag polyprotein. Binding of the in vitro-expressed protein to in vitro-transcribed RNA was determined by altered migration of the protein in polyacrylamide gels. We found that a Gag
Yasutomi Y; Robinson HL; Lu S; Mustafa F; Lekutis C; Arthos J; Mullins JI; Voss G; Manson K; Wyand M; Letvin NL; Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard; Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
In view of the growing evidence that virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in containing the early spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in infected individuals, novel vaccine strategies capable of eliciting HIV-1-specific CTL are being pursued in attempts to create an eff
Med Clin (Barc). 1995 Oct 28;105(14):528-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96095303
Blanch Mur C; Vall Mayans M; Mompart Penina A; Perez Albarracin G; Casabona Barbara J; Department de Sanitat i Seguretat Social, Centre d'Estudis; Epidemiologics sobre la SIDA de Catalunya (CEESCAT).
OBJECTIVES: To compare the evolution of the principal causes of death in Catalonia, Spain and to assess the impact of AIDS as a contributing factor to the increase of mortality in young people in Catalonia. METHODS: Data from the mortality register of Department of Health in Catalon
Lezama-Davila CM; Gallagher G; Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales,; Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Mexico.
We studied the role of CD4+, CD8+, CD4- CD8- T cells and IgG anti-Leishmania after infection or vaccination in the CBA/ca mouse. Mice were either infected with L. m. mexicana promastigotes or vaccinated with parasite-membrane antigens incorporated into liposomes. Successfully vaccinated mice were used as cell-donors i
Med Hypotheses. 1995 Jul;45(1):45-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96092665
Kennedy JR
This discusses an immune recognition model of autoimmunity and tolerance which is based on an idiotypic and an anti-idiotypic immune network response at a virus receptor interface.
Med Hypotheses. 1995 Jul;45(1):5-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96092654
Moreira MB
Artificially induced thermal intermittence using thermogenic agents was utilized to treat AIDS patients in an attempt to make an analogy with the sterilization process by tyndallization employed in laboratories. It is known that micro-organisms are more sensitive to discontinuous than to constant heat. The author beli
Med Hypotheses. 1995 Jul;45(1):76-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96092672
Gerold M; Adler R; University of Michigan-Dearborn, Department of Natural Sciences; 48128, USA.
Hodgkin s disease (HD) is not currently included within the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classification system for AIDS. Upon HD diagnosis, HIV(human immunosuppressive virus)-positive patients are generally found within Stages III or IV of the Ann Arbor HD classification system, already exacerbating the problem o
Shutter J; Cain JA; Ledbetter S; Rogers MD; Hockett RD Jr; Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute,; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; 63110, USA.
T cells can be divided into two groups on the basis of the expression of either alpha beta or gamma delta T-cell receptors (TCRs). Because the TCR delta chain locus lies within the larger TCR alpha chain locus, control of the utilization of these two receptors is important in T-cell development, specifically for deter
Atwood A; Lin JH; Levin HL; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institutes of Child; Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
The retrotransposon Tf1, isolated from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, contains a single open reading frame with sequences encoding Gag, protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase (IN). Tf1 has previously been shown to possess significant transposition activity. Although Tf1 proteins do assemble into virus-like particl
Aguado S; Tejada F; Gomez E; Gago E; Tricas L; de Ona M; Alvarez-Grande J; Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Covadonga, Oviedo, Spain.
We studied 54 consecutive recipients of renal transplants to evaluate their immunological responses to cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection. Forty-three (79.6%) patients developed CMV infection, and all of them subsequently recove
Morelli D; Pozzi B; Maier JA; Menard S; Colnaghi MI; Balsari A; Division of Experimental Oncology E, Istituto Nazionale Tumori,; Milan, Italy.
An approach was sought to increase the half-life and target cell specificity of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos). A monoclonal antibody (MAb) was derived from mice immunised with an oligo complementary to a region (1-20) of the HIV genome. This MAb exerts a protective effect on the oligo from the degradation i
Sandusky P; Wooten EW; Kurochkin AV; Kavanaugh T; Mandecki W; Zuiderweg ER; Biophysics Research Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; 48109-1055, USA.
The occurrence and NMR solution structure of a class of biloop hairpins containing the sequence 5 -CGXYAG are presented. These hairpins, which are variations on a sequence found in the reverse transcript of the human T-cell leukemia virus 2 (HLV2), show elevated melting points and high chemical stability toward denatu
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 5;92(25):11456-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96102132
Puras Lutzke RA; Eppens NA; Weber PA; Houghten RA; Plasterk RH; Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute,; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Integration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA into the human genome requires the virus-encoded integrase (IN) protein, and therefore the IN protein is a suitable target for antiviral strategies. To find a potent HIV IN inhibitor, we screened a synthetic peptide combinatorial library. We identified a hexapeptid
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 5;92(25):11509-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96102143
Pan W; Craven RC; Qiu Q; Wilson CB; Wills JW; Golovine S; Wang JF; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania; State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA.
RNA and ribonuclease-resistant RNA analogs that bound and neutralized Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) were isolated from a large pool of random sequences by multiple cycles of in vitro selection using infectious viral particles. The selected RNA pool of RSV-binding sequences at a concentration of 0.16 microM completely neutr
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 5;92(25):11623-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96102166
Casolaro V; Georas SN; Song Z; Zubkoff ID; Abdulkadir SA; Thanos D; Ono SJ; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; 21224, USA.
Activation of individual CD4+ T cells results in differential lymphokine expression: interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) is preferentially produced by T helper type 1 (TH1) cells, which are involved in cell-mediated immune responses, whereas IL-4 is synthesized by TH2 cells, which ar
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 5;92(25):11889-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96102220
Kolesnitchenko V; Wahl LM; Tian H; Sunila I; Tani Y; Hartmann DP; Cossman J; Raffeld M; Orenstein J; Samelson LE; et al; Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child; Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Despite intensive investigation, no clearly defined mechanism explaining human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced cell killing has emerged. HIV-1 infection is initiated through a high-affinity interaction between the HIV-1 external envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and the CD4 receptor on T cells. Cell killing is a late
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 5;92(25):11940-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96102231
Nasioulas G; Hughes SH; Felber BK; Whitcomb JM; Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Section, National Cancer Institute; Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD; 21702-1201, USA.
In human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells, the efficient expression of viral proteins from unspliced and singly spliced RNAs is dependent on two factors: the presence in the cell of the viral protein Rev and the presence in the viral RNA of the Rev-responsive element (RRE). We show here that the HIV-1 Rev/
Res Microbiol. 1995 Jul-Aug;146(6):507-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96099691
Galdiero M; Bentivoglio C; Nuzzo I; De Martino L; Molitierno M; Carratelli CR; Dipartimento di Patologia, Facolta di Veterinaria, Universita; degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
The continuous stimulation of the immune system using cell wall antigens from Brucella melitensis was found to cause both quantitative and qualitative changes in circulating lymphocyte populations in mice. Animals were inoculated in the hind legs with antigens on alternate days for varying lengths of time. During a tw
Res Vet Sci. 1995 Jul;59(1):45-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96131126
Levkut M; Ponti W; Soligo D; Quirici N; Rocchi M; Lambertenghi Deliliers G; Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Veterinary; Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia.
Immunogold-labelled antibodies were used with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent-labelled antibodies were used with flow cytometry (FACS) to evaluate the expression and quantity of IgG and IgM molecules on the surface of the lymphocytes of cattle infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The BLV-infe
Richaud-Patin Y; Alcocer-Varela J; Llorente L; Departamento de Inmunologia y Reumatologia, Instituto Nacional; de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, D.F.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a clear imbalance in the network made up of different cytokines. However this statement has been derived from studies which have focused on the analysis of some specific cytokines and few have simultaneously analyzed those cytokines that could be involve
Sifuentes-Osornio J; Ponce-de-Leon LA; Camacho-Mezquita FE; Bobadilla-del-Valle JM; Infante-Suarez ML; Ramirez-Fernandez N; Hernandez-Gomez L; Nelson AM; Departamento de Infectologia, Instituto Nacional de la; Nutricion Salvador Zubiran.
OBJECTIVE. To determine the clinical manifestations associated with resistant M. tuberculosis infection and the antimicrobial resistance in isolates from Mexican patients. STUDY DESIGN. Epidemiological surveillance. PATIENTS. Tuberculosis confirmed cases. METHODS. Primary resistance: no history of treatment prior to d
Rev Med Interne. 1995;16(10):743-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96099701
Strobel M; Lamaury I; Brouzes F; Leonardi C; Dorak B; Sow MT; Pelczar S; Roul S; Cnudde F; Gabriel JM; Service des maladies infectieuses et CISIH, CHRU, Guadeloupe,; France.
A number of pathological and clinical data suggest that AIDS could be an underestimated cause of cerebro-vascular disease, especially in young individuals. Eight retrospective cases of stroke in AIDS patients are reported. Mean age was 39 years, mean CD4 cells count 57/mm3. Pathogenic mechanism, particularly the role
Rev Med Interne. 1995;16(10):747-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96099702
Boudon P; Le Pennec MP; Malbec D; Mathieu M; Slama JL; Manet P; Pines E; Kretz S; Giacomini T; Service de medecine interne, Hopital Robert-Ballanger,; Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
We report a retrospective study of 12 caucasian men infected with HIV who had developed Mycobacterium kansasii infection (Mk). All patients had a low blood lymphocyte CD4 count (1-130, mean 15/mm3) and ten met the diagnostic criteria for AIDS. The 12 patients had pulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, cough) and fever. On chest
Rev Med Interne. 1995;16(10):767-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96099705
Gerard Y; Couppie P; del Giudice P; Mille H; Cuchet T; Sainte-Marie D; Pradinaud R; Service de dermato-venereo-leprologie, centre hospitalier,; Cayenne, Guyane, France.
The authors report two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis occurring in HIV-infected patients living in French Guiana . The first case was an acute disseminated histoplasmosis with a rapid fatal evolution. The second case was diagno
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Mar;123(3):330-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96041714
Weitz JC; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de; Chile (Campus Occidente), Santiago de Chile.
ELISA techniques using monoclonal antibodies have been recently developed for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum fecal antigens. The aim of this work was to compare the yield of these ELISA techniques with Ziehl-Nielsen and Safranin stains in formaldehyde-salt fixed samples. One hundred five fecal samples of pati
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Apr;123(4):479-84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96041683
Mercado R; Garcia M; Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina (Campus; Norte), Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile.
We report the analysis of 4892 parasitological stool samples coming from outpatients and patients of a nutritional recuperation center of north Santiago. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 21 samples (0.4%). The protozoan was detected in 6 of 1203 samples from children of less than 2 years old, 3 of 1.727 samples
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Jun;123(6):762-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96041702
Atias A; Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad; de Chile, Santiago de Chile.
The importance of microsporidium as an opportunistic agent in immunocompromised and AIDS patients is reviewed. Five strains of the agent have been described: Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, Pleistophora and Septata. The clinical presentation may be as 1) Generalized infections with multisystemic involvement,
Marques SA; Conterno LO; Sgarbi LP; Villagra AM; Sabongi VP; Bagatin E; Goncalves VL; Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia da Faculdade de; Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP, SP, Brasil.
We report the clinical findings and evolution of seven patients (five men and two women), the majority of them intravenous drug users, with paracoccidioidomycosis associated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In four of the patients the paracoccidioidomycosis was restricted to the lung and in the three othe
Trop Med Parasitol. 1995 Jun;46(2):109-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96131079
Gomez Morales MA; Atzori C; Ludovisi A; Rossi P; Scaglia M; Pozio E; Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,; Italy.
A survey on intestinal parasites in a rural area of Tanzania revealed the presence of eight protozoa and seven helminths in 287 subjects (81.8%). The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides was higher in HIV-negative than in HIV-positive patients (P
Trop Med Parasitol. 1995 Jun;46(2):69-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96131070
Felten MK; Leichsenring M; Tuberculosis Unit, University of Heidelberg Medical School,; Germany.
Recommendations state that, where the risk of tuberculosis is high, BCG should be administered to infants as early in life as possible, even if the mother is known to be HIV-infected. BCG should be withheld from individuals with symptomatic HIV infections. However, continuing reports from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewh
Bastos FI; Barcellos C; Departamento de Informacoes, Ciencia e Tecnologia da; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
The first of a series of papers concerning the evaluation of the dynamics of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil employing techniques of geographical analysis, is here presented. Results of research undertaken in the US (especially in New York City) are compared with those of a recent inve
Generalized or localized itch without primary skin manifestations may be the presenting symptom of serious internal diseases. Five characteristic cases of pruritus are discussed: Hodgkin s disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, polycythemia vera, iron deficiency (with pica), and uremia. Other important causes must b
Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1811-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106406
Cocchi F; DeVico AL; Garzino-Demo A; Arya SK; Gallo RC; Lusso P; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Evidence suggests that CD8+ T lymphocytes are involved in the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in vivo, either by cytolytic mechanisms or by the release of HIV-suppressive factors (HIV-SF). The chemokines RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta were identified as the major HIV-SF produced by CD8+ T
Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1845-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106416
Yoshimoto T; Bendelac A; Watson C; Hu-Li J; Paul WE; Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892, USA.
Immune responses dominated by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing T helper type 2 (TH2) cells or by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T helper type 1 (TH1) cells express distinctive protection against infection with different pathogens. Interleukin-4 promotes the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into IL-4 produce
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1995 Mar;26(1):98-103. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96087968
Nuchprayoon C; Tanprasert S; Chumnijarakij T; Thanomchat S; O'Prasert B; Adulwijit S; National Blood Center, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
Of 782,190 volunteer blood donors in Bangkok and nearby areas, who were screened for infection with human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) from January 1988 through December 1992, 3,219 tested positive on both enzyme immuno assay and Western blot assay. The identification variables of the donor were collected. The majo
Carroll BJ; Rosenthal RJ; Phillips EH; Bonet H; Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical; Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
We retrospectively evaluated the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). One thousand one hundred twenty-seven consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy by our surgical group.
Between early 1992 and December 1994, laparoscopic splenectomy was performed in 27 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), hairy-cell leucemia, HIV, or Hodgkin s disease. In all cases medical treatment, especially cortisone therapy, failed. In Hodgkin s disease the splenectomy was combined with liver biopsies
Uittenbogaart CH; Anisman DJ; Zack JA; Economides A; Schmid I; Hays EF; Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
The thymus is essential for normal T cell development and is particularly active during fetal and postnatal life. Here we describe in vitro studies of HIV-infected thymocytes cultured with cytokines normally produced in the thymus. Virus expression was determined by measuring p24 antigen levels in the culture supernat
Transplantation. 1995 Dec 15;60(11):1187-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106474
Chen N; Gao Q; Field EH; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine,; Iowa City 52246, USA.
BALB/c mice primed with CAF1 splenocytes during the neonatal stage developed A/J-specific tolerance with prolonged survival (> 60 days) of A/J skin grafts. Mice failed to develop A/J-specific cytotoxicity, but rejected third-party skin grafts and generated appropriate third-party cytotoxic T cell responses. We demonst
Transplantation. 1995 Dec 15;60(11):1260-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106486
Gao Q; Chen N; Field EH; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine,; Iowa City, USA.
Injecting semiallogeneic CAF1 spleen into BALB/c newborn mice renders mice tolerant, and the majority of mice show prolonged survival of tolerogen-bearing A/J skin grafts. Moreover, graft survival is associated with enhanced Th2 cytokine responses and graft rejection with Th1 cytokine responses. To further delineate t
Transplantation. 1995 Dec 15;60(11):1331-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106496
Sawchuk SS; Gates R; Hirsch R; William S. Rowe Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital; Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
Anti-CD3 mAbs are potent inhibitors of T cell function; however, administration of mitogenic mAb can cause significant morbidity secondary to T cell activation and cytokine release. Nonmitogenic anti-CD3 mAb is immunosuppressive in mice without inducing detectable morbidity, and may thus be preferable for in vivo T ce
Transplantation. 1995 Dec 15;60(11):1337-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96106497
Gorczynski RM; Hozumi N; Wolf S; Chen Z; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada.
Portal venous pretransplantation transfusion augments allogeneic skin graft survival in mice transplanted across multiple minor histocompatibility barriers. We have shown in earlier studies that this is correlated with preferential activation for production of type-2 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4 and IL-10) and decrea
Virology. 1995 Dec 1;214(1):207-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96095239
Boros IM; Tie F; Giam CZ; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University,; Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
The bovine leukemia virus transactivator, BLV Tax, augments transcription from three imperfect 21-bp repeats in the viral transcriptional regulatory region. Each BLV 21-bp repeat contains a cAMP response element (CRE) in the center and unique 5 and 3 neighboring sequences which are crucial for the transcriptional ac
Virology. 1995 Dec 1;214(1):3-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96095218
Hiscott J; Petropoulos L; Lacoste J; Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Abe Stern Cancer Research; Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir; Mortimer B, Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Virology. 1995 Dec 1;214(1):50-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96095223
Yamshchikov GV; Ritter GD; Vey M; Compans RW; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University; School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
The requirements for SIV particle assembly and envelope incorporation were investigated using a baculovirus expression system. The Pr56gag precursor protein expressed under control of the polyhedrin promoter (pPolh) produced high levels of immature retrovirus-like particles (VLP) upon expression in Sf9 insect cells. T
Virology. 1995 Dec 1;214(1):91-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96095227
Lin X; Thiemann NR; Pease LR; Rodriguez M; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; 55905, USA.
Resistance to Theiler s virus-induced demyelination maps genetically to the MHC class I D region and is associated with up-regulation of class I products and the presence of MHC-restricted virus-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the CNS. To determine the targets of the cytotoxic response, transfected C57SV (Kb, Db) c
Moldoveanu Z; Porter DC; Lu A; McPherson S; Morrow CD; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; 35294, USA.
Several viruses have been exploited for the development of recombinant vaccine vectors in which to express foreign proteins. Recently, we have described a system utilizing the RNA virus, poliovirus. We have constructed poliovirus genomes in which regions of the capsid have been substituted with gene fragments of the H
Jones DH; McBride BW; Roff MA; Farrar GH; Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Salisbury,; Wiltshire, UK.
A recombinant HIV-1 gp120 (rgp120) was expressed in a permanent Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line (L761h) that constitutively secretes the product of clone p4 derived from the env gene of HIV-1 isolate GB8. The rgp120 was isolated from cell culture supernatants by a simple, rapid, non-denaturing and efficient puri
Dal Maso L; Franceschi S; Negri E; Serraino D; La Vecchia C; Ancelle-Park RA; Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico,; Aviano (PN).
In this work the results of the clinico-immunological evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of alpha-interferon preparations are presented and criteria suitable for use in screening patients with chronic virus hepatitis, sensitive to interferon therapy, are discussed. The study revealed that the use of alpha-int
Relationships between some clinical data and the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) of 37 HIV-infected persons were studied. HIV DNA was determined with the use of polymerase chain reaction. The level of HIV DNA in PMN, sufficient for determination, was mostly de
The influence of 64 blood serum samples from HIV-infected patients at different stages of the infection on the functional activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) of 9 healthy donors was studied. In this study an increase in the production of oxygen radicals by PMN of the donors was revealed (in the chemilumine
Rizzuto N; Cavallaro T; Monaco S; Morbin M; Bonetti B; Ferrari S; Galiazzo-Rizzuto S; Zanette G; Bertolasi L; Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences, University of; Verona, Italy.
We report the results of a clinical, electrophysiological and pathological study conducted in 18 AIDS patients presenting a distal symmetrical predominantly sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN) characterized by painful dysesthesias as main complaint. Onset of the neuropathy was at CDC (Center for Disease Control) stage II in
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371A:201-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001503
Brandtzaeg P; Gabrielsen TO; Dale I; Muller F; Steinbakk M; Fagerhol MK; Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT),; National Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
The L1 protein occurs at high concentrations in neutrophils, monocytes, certain reactive tissue macrophages, squamous mucosal epithelia, and reactive epidermis. It constitutes in fact about 60% of the neutrophilic cytosol protein fraction. The two L1 chains (L1H and L1L) are referred to by a bewildering collection of
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;371A:357-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001537
Lehner T; Panagiotidi C; Bergmeier LA; Tao L; Brookes R; Gearing A; Adams S; Department of Immunology, UMDS of Guy's Hospital, London, United; Kingdom.
We investigated genital-associated lymphoid tissue (GENALT) in non-human primates (macaques), by augmenting vaginal with oral immunization. The vaccine was a recombinant particulate SIV antigen (p27:Ty-VLP), linked to CT-B, and administered into the vagina by a paediatric naso-gastric tube and into the stomach by a ga
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;378:341-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96036873
Elbe A; Stingl G; Department of Dermatology, Univ. of Vienna Medical School, VIRCC,; Austria.
We have shown that growth factor-dependent, MHC class I+/II dendritic cell lines established from mouse fetal skin, can stimulate naive, allogeneic but not syngeneic CD8+ T cells in the absence of CD4+ T cells and that this T cell response is restricted by MHC class I molecules. We further showed that the FSCL-induced
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;378:443-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96036896
Patterson S; Roberts MS; English NR; Stackpoole A; Gompels MN; Pinching AJ; Knight SC; St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Northwick Park Hospital,; Harrow, U.K.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;378:453-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96036898
Zambruno G; Girolomoni G; Re MC; Ramazzotti E; Marconi A; Furlini G; Vignoli M; La Placa M; Giannetti A; Department of Dermatology, University of Modena, Italy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;378:457-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96036899
Pope M; Betjes MG; Romani N; Hirmand H; Hoffman L; Gezelter S; Schuler G; Cameron PU; Steinman RM; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller; University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;378:461-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96036900
Pinchuk LM; Polacino PS; Agy MB; Klaus SJ; Clark EA; Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington; Medical Center, Seattle 98195, USA.
We investigated the role of blood dendritic cells (DC) in transmission of HIV-1 from infected to uninfected CD4+ T cells, and the accessory molecules involved. DC promoted transmission from infected to uninfected CD4+ cells, but blood DC themselves were not infectable. DC-mediated transmission was blocked by mAb to CD
An in vitro culture system was developed that facilitates detailed studies of the interaction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with dendritic cells (DC). Cultured immature DC were generated from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. These cells were non-adherent, non-phag
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;378:481-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96036905
Sala M; Zambruno G; Vartanian JP; Marconi A; Giannetti A; Bertazzoni U; Wain-Hobson S; Unite de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur 28,; Paris, France.
Keung YK; Watkins K; Chen SC; Groshen S; Levine AM; Douer D; Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los; Angeles, USA.
In view of an apparent increase of central venous catheter-related infections among our bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients, a retrospective study of infectious complications of central venous catheters was conducted. During 1992, 147 central venous catheters were placed in 133 patients. The overall infection rate o
Gloghini A; De Paoli P; Gaidano G; Franceschi S; Carbone A; Division of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura a; Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy.
Although immunophenotypic abnormalities have been reported in B-cell non-Hodgkin s lymphomas (NHLs) occurring in the general population, there are no extensive studies on such abnormalities in AIDS-related B-cell NHLs. Reactivity of CD45RO/UCHL1 and expression of other T-cell associated antigens (CD43, OPD4, CD3, CD5,
Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;152(12):1776-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96080014
Perkins DO; Leserman J; Stern RA; Baum SF; Liao D; Golden RN; Evans DL; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of; Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7160, USA.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship of the somatic symptoms fatigue and insomnia with indicators of both psychiatric disturbance and HIV disease severity. METHOD: Study participants were 98 asymptomatic HIV-infected and 71 uninfected homosexual men; 82 HIV-infected and 64 uninfected men had 6-month follow-
Fideler BM; Vangsness CT Jr; Lu B; Orlando C; Moore T; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern; California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
Sixty 10-mm bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts from young human donors were placed into four test groups, a control fresh-frozen group and three fresh-frozen irradiated groups. The irradiated groups were exposed to 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 Mrad of gamma irradiation. The specimens were tested to tensile failure. The initial
Ann Ital Chir. 1995 May-Jun;66(3):301-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96060479
Motta G
Among the solid malignancies, lung cancer is today the most common cancer in the world (850,000 new cases during 1990). Moreover, with an estimated increase of about 5 percent a year, it now represents the first cause of mortality for cancer in both sexes. The evidence of a close relationship between lung cancer and c
Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1995;146(5):292-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96099552
Pulik M; Teillet F; Teillet-Thiebaud F; Lionnet F; Genet P; Petitdidier C; Service d'Hematologie, Hopital Victor-Dupouy, Argenteuil
We report four cases of varicella-zoster pancreatitis in immunocompromised hosts. All 4 patients presented a severe immunodeficiency because of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (mainly lymphoma and Hodgkin disease) and long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Varicella zoster pancreatitis is a very unusual presentati
Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1995;146(5):295-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96099553
Hachicha J; Hammami A; Masmoudi H; Ben Hmida M; Karray H; Kharrat M; Kammoun F; Jarraya A; Service de Medecine Interne. CHU, Sfax, Tunisie.
To define, the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) a prospective and multicentre study was performed in 235 patients undergoing haemodialysis, the anti-HCV antibodies were evaluated using an immuno-enzymatic method (wellcozyme anti-HCV). The following parameters were obtained for all patients: time
Morphological diagnosis is described of a seronegative case of HIV-infection resulting in AIDS- dementia and development of a generalized herpes and aspergillosis. The presence of HIV-antigens in the central nervous system and the spleen histologic sections confirmed morphological d
sur le SIDA Montreal : Gouvernement du Quebec, Ministere de la sante et des services sociaux, Centre quebecois de coordination sur le SIDA, [1993?] 435 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9514976
Rockville, MD : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, [1994] 21 p. : ill (Guia de practica clinica ; no. 7. Guia de informacion) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9431524
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