Rieder HL; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris,; France.
The risk of exposure to tuberculosis depends upon the incidence of infectious cases, the duration of their infectiousness, and the number of personal interactions an infectious case accomplishes per unit of time. The risk of infection, given exposure, depends on the density of infectious particles in the ambient air x
Vordermeier HM; MRC Tuberculosis & Related Infectious Unit, Clinical Sciences; Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
T-cells play a dominant role in the immune response to mycobacterial infections. Most recognized mycobacterial antigens have been identified by monoclonal antibody techniques and, subsequently, sequenced and isolated by molecular cloning. Both CD4+ and CD8+ alpha beta T-cells, as well as gamma delta T-cells have been
Munk ME; Emoto M; Dept of Immunology, University of Ulm, Germany.
Phagocytosed M. tuberculosis either multiply inside the endocytic compartment of mononuclear phagocytes or they are destroyed by the host cell. Due to this macrophage-shelter (ab)used by mycobacteria, tuberculosis is controlled by the cellular immune response. Protection against mycobacteria depends on alpha/beta T-ce
The past decade has seen dramatic developments in serological tests for tuberculosis. The long history of serological tests for tuberculosis is a testimony to the need for a sensitive diagnostic test, especially when the sputum smear is unhelpful. New reagents, both purified antigens and monoclonal antibodies, provide
Richeldi L; Barnini S; Saltini C; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Oncologiche e Radiologiche,; Universita di Modena, Italy.
Rapid and sensitive tools for the diagnosis of tuberculosis are needed, due to the increased incidence of tuberculosis epidemics and the length of time required by classical diagnostic tests, especially among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. In this context, the recent advances in cloning and char
Cole ST; Telenti A; Unite de Genetique Moleculaire Bacterienne, Institut; Pasteur, Paris, France.
During the last decade, there has been a marked increase in the number of gravity of tuberculosis cases both in developing countries and in industrialized nations. This is, in part, due to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, but global economic depression, increased homelessness and declining cont
Penkower L; Dew MA; Kingsley L; Zhou SY; Lyketsos CG; Wesch J; Senterfitt JW; Hoover DR; Becker JT; Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School; of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Alcohol consumption as a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection was examined in 1,446 homosexual and bisexual HIV + men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who had a minimum of three visits. Two measures of drinking were employed: initial level, and pattern during the study period. Outcome measures inc
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Oct 6;672(1):111-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96128899
Chen IW; Vastag KJ; Lin JH; Department of Drug Metabolism I, Merck Research Laboratories,; West Point, PA 19486, USA.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with liquid-liquid sample extraction and ultraviolet detection has been developed for the quantification of L-735,524 (I), a potent, highly selective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease in rat, dog and mon
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Oct 6;672(1):119-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96128900
Rajagopalan P; Gao Z; Chu CK; Schinazi RF; McClure HM; Boudinot FD; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of; Georgia, Athens 30602-2353, USA.
(-)-beta-D-2,6-Diaminopurine dioxolane (DAPD) and its metabolite dioxolane guanosine (DXG) have potent activity against hepatitis B virus and HIV, in vitro. A reversed-phase HPLC analytical method using UV and on-line radiochemical detection for the determination of DAPD and DXG in monkey serum and urine is described
Henry SB; Holzemer WL; Reilly CA; Miller TJ; Randall C; School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco,; California USA.
The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to compare the ability of terms from the nursing intervention classification and from the current procedural terminology to represent the clinical terms used by nurses and patients to describe nursing interventions during hospitalization; and 2) to identify the strengths and w
Miller ET; Wieckert KE; Fagan LM; Musen MA; Section on Medical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; 94305-5479 USA.
An increasing focus in health care is the development and use of electronic medical record systems to capture and store patient information. T-HELPER is an electronic medical record system that health care providers use to record ambulatory-care patient progress notes. These data are stored in an on-line database and
Cohen PT; Henry SB; University of California San Francisco AIDS Program at San; Francisco General Hospital.
1. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODS. Because of a need for a standard classification and coding system to encode data for HIV infected patients in the AIDS Program clinic at San Francisco General Hospital, we have begun a subset of clinical terms commonly used in the care of patients with HIV disease, and we have sough
Sands DZ; Libman H; Safran C; Center for Clinical Computing, Division of General Medicine and; Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 350 Longwood; Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
We developed an on-line medical record (OMR) and integrated it into a mature hospital information system. The OMR provides a number of information resources for the care of patients infected with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV), including drug information, an on-line version of a newsletter on AIDS, an on-line
Stitt FW; Department of Epidemiology, University of Miami School of; Medicine, FL 33101, USA.
Objective: To create a clinical data repository to interface the Veteran s Administration (VA) Decentralized Hospital Computer Program (DHCP) and a departmental clinical information system for the management of HIV patients. This system supports record-keeping, decision-making, reporting, and analysis. The database de
Musen MA; Gennari JH; Eriksson H; Tu SW; Puerta AR; Section on Medical Informatics, Stanford University School of; Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5479, USA.
PROTEGE-II is a suite of tools that facilitates the development of intelligent systems. A tool called MAiTRE allows system builders to create and refine abstract models (ontologies) of application domains. A tool called DASH takes as input a modified domain ontology and generates automatically a knowledge-acquisition
Ohno-Machado L; Walker MG; Musen MA; Section on Medical Informatics, Stanford University School of; Medicine, MSOB X-215 Stanford CA 94305-5479, USA.
Neural networks offer the potential of providing more accurate predictions of survival time than do traditional methods. Their use in medical applications has, however, been limited, especially when some data is censored or the frequency of events is low. To reduce the effect of these problems, we have developed a hie
Safran C; Rind DM; Davis RB; Sands DZ; Caraballo E; Rippel K; Wang Q; Rury C; Makadon HJ; Cotton DJ; et al; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Center for Clinical; Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
To meet the needs of primary care physicians caring for patients with HIV infection, we developed a knowledge-based medical record to allow the on-line patient record to play an active role in the care process. These programs integrate the on-line patient record, rule-based decision support, and full-text information
Fahik FT; Reichert MC; Gabriel R; Marin HF; Nursing Informatics Group, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao; Paulo, Brazil.
In Brazil , approximately 45 thousand cases had been reported until the end of 1993, with an estimated 50% underreport. According to the Ministry of Health, until the year 2,000 from 2 to 8 million Brazilians citizens will be infected with HIV. The basic aspect of the educational ca
Tatsunami S; Mimaya J; Nakamura I; Yago N; Meguro T; Yamada K; Radioisotope Research Institute, Department of Hygiene,; Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Medical Science, St.; Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, JAPAN 216.
1. INTRODUCTION. The latest statistics how that Japanese hemophilia patients infected with HIV-through clotting factor concentrates may survive more than 10 years after HIV-infection without showing an onset of AIDS [1]. Unfortunately, however, results of the recent surveillance have revealed that about half of hemoph
Fiore M; Sicurello F; Indorato G; National Research Council, Institute of Advanced Biomedical; Technologies, via Ampere 56, 20131, Milano.
This paper describes an integrated system in Prolog that permits the creation of a personal Knowledge Base to express and formalize specialist knowledge in medicine. Formalisms used are production rules and frames. The integrated system is able to manage data and knowledge stored in a database built in M Technology (M
The findings in the eyes of 19 serologically FIV-positive cats in the terminal stage of the disease were compared to those in 23 serologically FIV-negative cats. An inflammation of iris and ciliary body was more common in the FIV-group than in the other cats and could be seen in 16 out of 19 serologically FIV-positive
Zeuzem S; Schmidt JM; Lee JH; Ruster B; Roth WK; Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang; Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
In about 30% to 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis C, treatment with recombinant interferon alfa (r-IFN alpha) causes a decrease of serum aminotransferases and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. The antiviral mechanism of interferon alfa (IFN alpha) in vivo is unknown. From serial measurements of serum HCV-RNA concentra
Andersson AC; Merza M; Venables P; Ponten F; Sundstrom J; Cohen M; Larsson E; Department of Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
ERV3 (HERV-R) is a complete human endogenous retrovirus located on the long arm of chromosome 7. Long terminal repeat-envelope (env) gene spliced mRNAs of 9 and 3.5 kb are widely expressed in human tissues and cells, but gag-pol mRNAs have not been found. Furthermore, the env gp70 gene contains an open reading frame t
Rasheed S; Li Z; Xu D; Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School; of Medicine, Los Angeles 90032-3626, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To establish criteria for the quantitation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in seminal plasma, seminal cells and the whole semen of HIV-infected individuals. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), DNA-PCR and semen HIV culture assays were standardized by testing seminal plasm
Graf von Stosch A; Jimenez MA; Kinzel V; Reed J; Department of Pathochemistry, German Cancer Research Center,; Heidelberg, Germany.
A close association between the HIV surface protein gp120 and the CD4 T cell receptor initiates the viral multiplication cycle. A 15 amino acid peptide (LAV) within the CD4 binding domain of gp 120 has been shown to retain receptor binding ability. The structural behavior of the LAV peptide has been studied by CD and
Colebunders R; Decock R; Mbeba MJ; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine,; Antwerp, Belgium.
Caring for persons with HIV infection is particularly difficult in resource-poor countries. In order to improve the quality of care we first have to evaluate how such care is presently organized. We need a better assessment of the needs and demands of persons with HIV infection as well as their families. Care for pers
Vet Pathol. 1995 Nov;32(6):683-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96162833
Asahina M; Kimura K; Murakami K; Ajito T; Wu D; Goryo M; Aida Y; Davis WC; Okada K; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate; University, Japan.
Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis were used with monoclonal antibodies to examine the phenotype of neoplastic cells from cattle with sporadic bovine leukosis (three cases of calf form, two cases of thymic form, and three cases of intermediate form). Three cases of calf form and two cases of intermediat
Vet Pathol. 1995 Nov;32(6):713-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96162837
Fikes JD; O'Sullivan MG; Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of; Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040,; USA.
Gross examination of a 24-month-old, male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) revealed obstruction of the ileum by a mass that entrapped and compressed the ileocecal junction. The mass was well circumscribed, firm, and white on cut surface. Histologically, the mass consisted of spindle-shaped cells arranged in int
Wagner HJ; Blankenstein P; Bondzio A; Ebner D; Risse S; Free University Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine,; Germany.
The selection of animals infected with the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is performed by the immunological detection of antibodies against the virus, commonly using the antigen gp51. Furthermore, research is being carried out to develop protective vaccines against BLV that have gp51 as their main component. Taking both
Acta Paediatr Sin. 1995 Nov-Dec;36(6):401-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96165944
Liang AY; Pediatrician of Auckland Children's Hospital, New Zealand.
Anti-asthma medication alone cannot be considered a complete treatment for asthma. Drugs have not made an impact on asthma mortality, yet may cause significant side-effects. Minimising exposure to environmental allergens decreases the severity of asthma attacks and therefore decreases the amount of medication required
Young SD; Britcher SF; Tran LO; Payne LS; Lumma WC; Lyle TA; Huff JR; Anderson PS; Olsen DB; Carroll SS; et al; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories,; West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
The clinical benefit of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs) is limited by the rapid selection of inhibitor-resistant viral variants. However, it may be possible to enhance the clinical utility of this inhibitor class by deriving compounds that ex
Scott EM; Tariq VN; McCrory RM; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern; Ireland, United Kingdom.
The combination of fluconazole with either ibuprofen, sodium salicylate, or propylparaben resulted in synergistic activity (fractional inhibitory index,
Nash KA; Inderlied CB; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's; Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. kanash@hsc.usc.edu
Clarithromycin (CLM) and azithromycin (AZM) are important agents in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease; however, monotherapy with these macrolides often leads to clinically significant resistance. The underlying resistance mechanism was investigated by comparing 23S rRNA gene sequences i
Joos B; Blaser J; Opravil M; Chave JP; Luthy R; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Zurich,; Switzerland.
The purpose of this prospective randomized open trial was to investigate the impact of monitoring concentrations in serum on the efficacy and side effects of high-dose co-trimoxazole therapy. Forty consecutive patients with microscopically confirmed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were enrolled. Therapy was started wit
Buckheit RW Jr; Kinjerski TL; Fliakas-Boltz V; Russell JD; Stup TL; Pallansch LA; Brouwer WG; Dao DC; Harrison WA; Schultz RJ; et al; Virology Research Group, Southern Research Institute-Frederick; Research Center, Maryland 21701, USA.
A series of compounds related to the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor (NNRTI) oxathiin carboxanilide (UC84) were evaluated for activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to determine structural requirements for anti-HIV activity. Twenty-seven compounds representative of the more than 400
Moore KH; Raasch RH; Brouwer KL; Opheim K; Cheeseman SH; Eyster E; Lemon SM; van der Horst CM; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7360, USA.
The pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (ZDV) are established in patients with various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of ZDV in patients with asymptomatic HIV infection and liver disease. HIV-infected volunteers with normal renal fu
Blaney SM; Daniel MJ; Harker AJ; Godwin K; Balis FM; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 20892, USA.
2 -Deoxy-3 -thiacytidine is a dideoxycytidine analog with a sulfur in place of the 3 carbon of the ribose. There are two enantiomeric forms of the compound, both of which inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 replication in vitro. However, the (-) enantiomer (lamivudine) appears to be significantly less c
Noormohamed SE; Henry WK; Rhame FS; Balfour HH Jr; Fletcher CV; Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Minnesota Health; Sciences Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
There are several clinical scenarios in which knowledge of zidovudine disposition may be important. This study evaluated the clinical utility of pharmacokinetic parameters for zidovudine derived from sparse serum concentration data obtained in an outpatient setting. Twelve human immunodeficiency virus-infected partici
Ellis LC; Benson CA; Koenig GI; Trenholme GM; Department of Medicine, Rush Medical College,; Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; 60612, USA.
The postantibiotic effect (PAE) of clarithromycin alone and in combination with ethambutol was determined for two clinical blood isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex. An average PAE, ranging from 5.5 to 18.0 h, was noted for each isolate at each clarithromycin concentration except when isolate B was exposed to clar
Peterson PK; Gekker G; Bornemann M; Chatterjee D; Chao CC; Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center,; Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis accelerates the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The results of this study, which show that thalidomide inhibits the upregulation of HIV-1 expression in U1 cells stimulated with mycobacterial lipoarabinomannans, support the rationale behind conducting con
De Clercq E; Balzarini J; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
A large variety of compounds have been reported to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The compounds that have been most intensively pursued for the treatment of HIV infection belong to three classes: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase i
The 5-aryl-4-methyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-delta 2-1,3,4-oxadiazolines 3, previously synthesized along with isomer 4-aryl-1-methoxy-1-(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadienes 2 from benzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazones and diazomethane, were tested for in vitro activity against both M. tuberculosis and some atypical mycobacterial
Kamps JA; Swart PJ; Morselt HW; Pauwels R; De Bethune MP; De Clercq E; Meijer DK; Scherphof GL; Groningen Institute for Drug Studies, Department of Physiological; Chemistry, Groningen University, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Human serum albumin (HSA) derivatized with cis-aconitic anhydride (Aco-HSA) that was earlier shown to inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), was covalently coupled to conventional liposomes, consisting of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and maleimido-4-(p-phenylbutyryl)phosphatidylethanol
J Vet Med Sci. 1995 Oct;57(5):8O1-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96155841
Kawaguchi Y; Mikami T; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
Human and animal herpesviruses are able to stimulate gene expression of various human and animal retroviruses and the activation appears to be a common theme. It is of interest why the retroviruses can be commonly activated by herpesviruses despite clear diversities in each mechanism for retrovirus gene expression. In
Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus was first isolated from a commercial broiler chicken with swollen head syndrome (SHS) in Japan . At the same time, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian reovirus (ARV), Escherich
Domoua K; Coulibaly G; N'Dhatz M; Traore F; Kanga K; Konan JB; Beugre LK; Yapi A; Service de pneumophtisiologie, CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Cote; d'Ivoire.
This article reviews the main clinical aspects and progression of HIV-related tuberculosis in Abidjan. HIV prevalence in tuberculosis patients is high, estimated at 46.2% in 1992, with a clear predominance of HIV-1 over HIV-2. More than 61% of co-infected tuberculous patients meet the WHO s clinical definition of AIDS
Richter C; Koelemay MJ; Swai AB; Perenboom R; Mwakyusa DH; Oosting J; Department of Medicine, Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam,; Tanzania.
SETTING: Prediction of survival in Tanzanian patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of clinical and laboratory parameters on survival in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive and HIV seronegative patients with extrapulmonary TB. DESIGN: Over an 8-month per
Post FA; Wood R; Pillay GP; Department of Medicine, UCT Medical School, Cape Town, South; Africa.
SETTING: An adult HIV outpatient clinic in Cape Town, South Africa . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the radiographic appearance of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in HIV infected patients and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. DESIGN: Pretreatment radiographs of 150 patients
SETTING: Spain is one of the few industrialized countries in which reliable official data on the occurrence of tuberculosis are not available. OBJECTIVE: One of the purposes of the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Infection (TRI) working group established by the Spanish Society of Thora
Cosivi O; Meslin FX; Daborn CJ; Grange JM; Division of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organisation,; Geneva, Switzerland.
The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in animals and humans is described, together with a review of available reports on the distribution and prevalence of this mycobacteriosis in Africa. The significance of these reports is considered, with particular emphasis on the potential zoonotic importance of bovin
Ogiso T; Paku T; Iwaki M; Tanino T; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Osaka,; Japan.
To identify the mechanism involved in the enhancement effect of enhancers on the intercellular penetration of large polar molecules, the skin penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans (average molecular weight; 4400, 9400, and 69000 Da) and the lipid removal from the intercellular spaces by enhancers w
The ability of physicians to screen for AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) was studied at a London AIDS centre. Patients had undergone direct ophthalmoscopy as part of their general examination by the physicians and were referred if fundal abnormalities were found, if a
Coll J; Pedro-Botet J; Pallas JO; Gimenez-Arnau AM; Barranco C; Department of Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Universidad Autonoma; de Barcelona, Spain.
Visceral involvement in HIV-negative patients with classical Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) has been described only rarely. An unusual case of a 75-year-old Jewish woman with the classical form of KS who presented with cutaneous and pulmonary involvement is presented. Results of several tests for HIV antibodies were negative.
Farrell AM; Ross JS; Barton SE; Bunker CB; Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminister Hospital,; London, UK.
We report a 43-year-old man with myotonic dystrophy who developed multiple pilomatricomas 2 years after being diagnosed as having AIDS. This is the first report of pilomatricomas developing in an HIV-1 seropositive patient.
Samaranayake L; Oral Biology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong; Kong.
The survival of infective viral particles in disinfected handpieces and the dental unit water systems has become a matter of professional and public concern. This commentary evaluates the evidence, making some practical suggestions on water line decontamination and handpiece sterilization.
Peterson JD; Haskins K; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences; Center, Denver 80262, USA.
Transfer of an interleukin 2/interferon-gamma-secreting islet-specific CD4+ T-cell clone, BDC-6.9, in the immunodeficient NOD-scid mouse induces destruction of pancreatic beta-cells without help from host B-cells, CD4+ T-cells, or CD8+ T-cells. However, a second islet-specific T-cell clone, BDC-2.5, showing the same c
Murray CW; Clark DE; Byrne DG; Proteus Molecular Design Ltd., Lyme Green Business Park,; Macclesfield, Cheshire, U.K.
This paper describes the further development of the functionality of our in-house de novo design program, PRO_LIGAND. In particular, attention is focused on the implementation and validation of the direct tweak method for the construction of conformationally flexible molecules, such as peptides, from molecular fragm
Prendergast ML; Grella C; Perry SM; Anglin MD; UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center 90024, USA.
A number of issues are relevant to the development and use of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) as a treatment alternative to methadone. A brief history of methadone maintenance treatment is provided and variants of standard methadone treatment are discussed. The history and current status of LAAm are discussed, as wel
Elwood WN; Montoya ID; Richard AJ; Dayton CA; Affiliated Systems Corporation, Houston, Texas 77027, USA.
The unique, influential, and successful characteristics of outreach as a risk behavior reduction intervention among active drug users is examined. The history of outreach is posited as a delineation of roles, and the outreach process as one of communication and role enactment. The premise is that the outreach worker s
JAMA. 1996 Feb 28;275(8):599-605. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96174498
Dickover RE; Garratty EM; Herman SA; Sim MS; Plaeger S; Boyer PJ; Keller M; Deveikis A; Stiehm ER; Bryson YJ; Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine 90024, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated with a high or low risk of perinatal transmission and to ascertain the mechanism by which zidovudine treatment reduces perinatal transmission. DESIGN: A nonrandomized prospective cohort study. SETTING: University medi
JAMA. 1996 Feb 28;275(8):606-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96174499
Mayaux MJ; Burgard M; Teglas JP; Cottalorda J; Krivine A; Simon F; Puel J; Tamalet C; Dormont D; Masquelier B; Doussin A; Rouzioux C; Blanche S; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale,; Hopital Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and laboratory parameters at birth that are associated with the rapidly progressive form of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease in children born to infected mothers. DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective study of infants born to HIV-seropositive mothers. SETTING: A total of 6
Life Sci. 1996;58(5):PL 87-96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96173233
Cheshier JE; Ardestani-Kaboudanian S; Liang B; Araghiniknam M; Chung S; Lane L; Castro A; Watson RR; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of; Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA.
Pycnogenol is a commercial mixture of bioflavonoids that exhibits antioxidative activity. The effects of dietary pycnogenol on immune dysfunction in normal mice as well as those fed ethanol or infected with the LP-BM5 murine retrovirus were determined. The ethanol consumption and retrovirus infection caused abnormalit
Le Grice SF; Cameron CE; Benkovic SJ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University; School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4984, USA.
Clark AD Jr; Jacobo-Molina A; Clark P; Hughes SH; Arnold E; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers; University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5638, USA.
Bebenek K; Kunkel TA; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of; Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, North; Carolina 27709, USA.
N Engl J Med. 1996 Mar 14;334(11):701-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96175166
Kitahata MM; Koepsell TD; Deyo RA; Maxwell CL; Dodge WT; Wagner EH; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 98122, USA.
BACKGROUND. Previous studies have found that patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who are admitted to hospitals that admit many such patients have lower mortality rates than patients in hospitals with less experience with AIDS. We examined the relation between physicians experience with AIDS an
Esquifino AI; Szary A; Brown-Borg HM; Bartke A; Departmento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular III, Facultad de; Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Prolactin (PRL), one of the anterior pituitary hormones, has been implicated in the development and maintenance of immune system function. The following experiments were conducted to evaluate age-related effects of PRL on immune system activity in a PRL-deficient mouse model, the Ames dwarf. Two- and ten-month-old dwa
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Nov-Dec;89(6):639-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96169596
Meda HA; Doua F; Laveissiere C; Miezan TW; Gaens E; Brattegaard K; de Muynck A; De Cock KM; OCCGE-Institut Pierre Richet, Bouake Cote d'Ivoire.
To assess the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Cote d Ivoire , West Africa, a cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on 301 HAT patients recruited in the main foci of the country. For each HAT
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Nov-Dec;89(6):644-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96169597
Dedet JP; Roche B; Pratlong F; Cales-Quist D; Jouannelle J; Benichou JC; Huerre M; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Medicale et Pathologie Parasitaire,; Faculte de Medecine, Montpellier, France.
A patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus developed a diffuse cutaneous nodular syndrome. The parasite isolated from a skin nodule was studied by isoenzymatic characterization and transmission electron microscopy of both culture forms and those in the patient s skin biopsy. The parasite s ultrastructure was
Jimenez C; Bonilla JA; Dolz G; Rodriguez LR; Herrero L; Bolanos E; Cortez MR; Moreno E; Programa de Investigacion en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET),; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia,; Costa Rica.
The geographical distribution of bovine leukaemia-virus (BLV)-infected herds in Costa Rica and the isolation of BLV from cases of enzootic bovine leukosis are presented. It was found that BLV is prevalent throughout the country, affecting mostly dairy cattle (Bos taurus) located
BMJ. 1996 Mar 2;312(7030):539-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177495
Catchpole MA; Mercey DE; Nicoll A; Rogers PA; Simms I; Newham J; Mahoney A; Parry JV; Joyce C; Gill ON; Public Health Laboratory Service, Communicable Disease; Surveillance Centre, London.
OBJECTIVE--To determine whether those who are aware of being infected with HIV continue to adopt behaviours that place others at risk of HIV infection. DESIGN--Ongoing survey of current diagnosis of sexually transmitted disease and awareness of HIV infection among patients attending genitourinary medicine clinics. SET
Morvan PY; Picot C; Dejour R; Genetet B; Genetet N; Faculte de Sciences Medicales et Pharmaceutiques, Laboratoire; de Microbiologie-Immunologie Pharmaceutique, Universite de; Rennes, France.
IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene expression was analyzed using an original method for in situ hybridization (ISH) with non-isotopic probes and flow cytometric analysis (FC). This method permits rapid detection of mRNA at a single cell level among in vitro activated human periph
Lefr`ere JJ; Mariotti M; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, Hopital; Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
Being thermostable and non lipid-enveloped, the B19 parvovirus cannot be destroyed by the chemical and physical treatments presently used to inactivate lipid-enveloped viruses such as HIV, hepatitis C and B viruses in plasma derivatives. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect B19 parvovirus DNA. Amplifie
Nowak MA; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, England.
The course of HIV infection usually follows a pattern in which the immune system is initially able to limit viral replication, but ultimately fails. It is proposed that disease progression is a consequence of viral replication and evolution within the host, the immune response providing the selection pressure for incr
Goudsmit J; Human Retrovirus Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam,; The Netherlands.
From the time of seroconversion, patients who retain a high viral load are known to progress more rapidly to AIDS than individuals who have lower levels of HIV. Increased viral load is accompanied by decreasing CD4 cell numbers, and CD4 cell counts are therefore widely used as a diagnostic marker or predictor of progr
Vella S; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,; Italy.
HIV infection is a chronic progressive illness. This virus has a multiplicity of cellular targets and the virus-host relationship changes over time. The high daily rate of virus production is initially controlled by the immune system, but eventually the immune system fails to contain viral replication and individuals
St Clair M; Pennington KN; Rooney J; Barry DW; Department of Virology, Burroughs Wellcome Co., North Carolina,; USA.
Increasing evidence supports the view that therapy with combinations of antiretroviral drugs provides greater and more sustained benefits in the treatment of HIV infection than either monotherapy or sequential therapy. As the number of licensed and developmental antiretroviral agents grows, in vitro analysis is increa
Larder BA; Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, England.
Mounting scientific evidence suggests that viral replication and evolution of diversification, with the resulting emergence of variants including drug-resistant strains, is responsible for the gradual destruction of the immune system and is the mechanism of disease progression in HIV-infected patients. Monotherapy doe
Harrigan R; Antiviral Therapeutic Research Unit, Wellcome Research; Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, England.
The traditional approach of assessing new treatments in clinical end-point studies is becoming less viable for ethical and practical reasons. As more antiretroviral options become available and as treatment is commenced at earlier, asymptomatic stages of infection, alternative methods of assessing the efficacy of anti
Merigan T; Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA.
Early intervention with a combination of drugs is generally accepted as the way forward in the management of HIV infection. In general, combination therapy should include agents that demonstrate additive or synergistic activity, do not have similar side-effect profiles
Lange JM; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre,; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Aids-free time and survival time of people with HIV infection has gradually increased since the first clinical trial of zidovudine( AZT ) in 1987. This change in pattern of disease course has, however, made it difficult for current clinical trials to re
Jablonowski H; Department of Gastroenterology, Heinrich-Heine Universitat,; Dusseldorf,Germany.
A number of antiviral agents have been developed to treat individuals with HIV infection. Monotherapy treatment with the licensed reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors zidovudine ( AZT ), zalcitabine (
It has become apparent that the beneficial effects of zidovudine ( AZT ) and other antivirals will not continue indefinitely. However, synergistic activity of lamivudine ( 3TC ) in combin
Vella S; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome Italy.
The majority of antiretroviral agents used in the treatment of HIV are targeted at the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. In a continuing effort to develop more effective antiviral regimens, drugs that target other specific enzymes in the virus replication cycle are under development. A promising new class of drug
Pantaleo G; Cohen OJ; Schwartzentruber DJ; Graziosi C; Vaccarezza M; Fauci AS; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory; of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892, USA.
Studies of lymphoid tissue from HIV-infected individuals have provided critical insights into the pathogenesis of HIV disease. Systemic dissemination of virus via the lymphatic system occurs at a very early stage after infection. Explosive viral replication within lymphoid tissue ensues, before the development of cell
A number of important scientific questions have been answered in recent years concerning how HIV causes disease and whether combinations of antiretroviral agents might be more effective than monotherapies. However, a considerable number of questions remain unanswered regarding when to start treatment and what regimen
Lange JM; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre,; Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Three or more therapeutic agents have commonly been used to treat chronic infections and many malignant diseases. It is clear that monotherapy treatment of HIV infection, although effective in the short term, is not a viable long-term management option because of incomplete suppression of viral replication and the sub
Been MD; Perrotta AT; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical School,; Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
A non-Watson-Crick G.G interaction within the core region of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) antigenomic ribozyme is required for optimal rates of self-cleavage activity. Base substitutions for either one or both G s revealed that full activity was obtained only when both G s were replaced with A s. At those positions
Villena V; Navarro-Gonzalvez JA; Garcia-Benayas C; Manzanos JA; Echave J; Lopez-Encuentra A; Arenas Barbero J; Servicio de Neumologia, Hospital 12 de Octubre Avda, Madrid,; Spain.
The catalytic concentration of pleural adenosine deaminase (ADA) and the ratio of pleural lysozyme (PL) to serum lysozyme (SL) were measured in consecutive patients (49 tuberculous and 179 nontuberculous) with two automated procedures in a Hitachi 717 analyzer. Using sensitivity and specificity curves, we established
Nemzek JA; Arnoczky SP; Swenson CL; Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of; Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; 48824-1314, USA.
The transmission of a retrovirus through transplantation of processed bone allografts was studied using the feline leukemia virus. The long bones of 4 previously infected donor cats were harvested and assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: single freeze/thaw cycle, double freeze/thaw cycle, or double freeze/thaw cycle w
Osorio E; Toledano M; Bravo M; Osorio R; Area of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of; Granada, Spain.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in lymphocyte subpopulations that have led to immune system alterations after amalgam restorations were placed. METHODS: A controlled, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used to investigate the immune effects of silver amalgam restorations i
DeMasi R; Brown M; Medical Service, James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Medical Center,; Tampa, Florida, USA.
A 39-year-old man with confirmed HIV infection of six years duration presented with painful swelling of his right lower leg. Two weeks earlier, he had scratched the leg on a shrub.
J Immunol. 1996 Mar 1;156(5):1743-47. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96173759
Lucas B; Marodon G; Penit C; INSERM Unit 345, Necker Institute, Paris, France.
Thymocytes with a low expression of CD4 and an intermediate density of the TCR (CD4low TCRint) were analyzed for phenotype, MHC dependence, production kinetics, and TCR repertoire to investigate their position in the intrathymic T cell maturation process. Comparison of normal and MHC-deficient mice showed that the CD4
J Immunol. 1996 Mar 1;156(5):1748-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96173760
Maruo S; Toyo-oka K; Oh-hora M; Tai XG; Iwata H; Takenaka H; Yamada S; Ono S; Hamaoka T; Kobayashi M; Wysocka M; Trinchieri G; Fujiwara H; Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School,; Japan.
We investigated the role of IL-12 in proliferation of various Th cell clones (class II-alloreactive (4-86 and 4-55) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin + self I-Ek-reactive (9-16)) following stimulation with Ag on APCs. These clones proliferated in response to stimulation with rIL-2, rIL-12, or Ag/APC. The proliferation ind
J Immunol. 1996 Mar 1;156(5):1818-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96173769
van der Pouw Kraan TC; Boeije LC; Troon JT; Rutschmann SK; Wijdenes J; Aarden LA; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Central Laboratory of the; Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
IL-13, a T cell-derived cytokine, shares many of its biologic activities with the Th2 cytokine IL-4, including induction of a class switch to IgE and anti-inflammatory properties. Its potential impact on development of Th2 responses makes it interesting to determine how the production of IL-13 is regulated and which c
J Immunol. 1996 Mar 1;156(5):1824-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96173770
Yagi H; Tokura Y; Wakita H; Furukawa F; Takigawa M; Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of; Medicine, Japan.
In murine contact photosensitivity, a cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, preirradiation of the photosensitization site with UVB induced Ag-specific, afferent limb-acting, CD4+CD8- suppressor T cells (Ts). The present study examined usage of TCR V beta and production of immunosuppressive cytokines in Ts
J Immunol. 1996 Mar 1;156(5):1873-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96173776
Salmon P; Boyer O; Lores P; Jami J; Klatzmann D; Laboratory of Biology and Therapeutics of Immunity Pathology,; Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.
The expression of the CD4 gene undergoes a complex pattern of regulation during T cell development. Results obtained in transgenic mice suggest that a combination of proximal enhancer and a silencer from the CD4 gene is sufficient to obtain a developmentally controlled expression along T cell maturation. We generated
J Immunol. 1996 Mar 1;156(5):2004-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96173793
Crowley RW; Secchiero P; Zella D; Cara A; Gallo RC; Lusso O; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) uses CD4 as a cellular membrane receptor and thereby interferes with infection of CD4+ T cells by HIV-1. We studied the interactions between HHV-7 and a macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolate (HIV-1BaL) in terminally differentiated human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages, another criti
Mori N; Shirakawa F; Abe M; Kamo Y; Koyama Y; Murakami S; Shimizu H; Yamamoto K; Oda S; Eto S; First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,; University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu,; Japan.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) tax gene on interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and gene transcription in synovial cells, we established the synovial cell line, E-11, from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: E-11 cells were transfected with tax expression vec
Murphy EL; Bryzman S; Williams AE; Co-Chien H; Schreiber GB; Ownby HE; Gilcher RO; Kleinman SH; Matijas L; Thomson RA; Nemo GJ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San; Francisco 94143-0884, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To measure demographic determinants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence among blood donors in the United States . DESIGN: Cross-sectional epidemiological study. SETTING: Five blood centers in different regions of the United States. SUBJECTS: A total of 862,398 consecuti
Lancet. 1996 Feb 24;347(9000):499-504. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96174707
Bindels PJ; Krol A; van Ameijden E; Mulder-Folkerts DK; van den Hoek JA; van Griensven GP; Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Department of Public Health, Amsterdam,; Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands a nationwide study has shown that, in 38% of deaths, there have been medical decisions concerning the end of life (MDEL); 2.1% of all deaths were brought about by euthanasia or physician- assisted suicide (PAS). We investigated the incidence of M
By the end of 1994, at least 4588 adult inmates of U.S. prisons and jails had died as a result of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and during 1994, at least 5279 adult inmates with AIDS were incarcerated in prisons and jails (1). Periodically conducted national surveys instituted in 1985 (2) and sponsored by
N Engl J Med. 1996 Mar 28;334(13):828-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96176276
Friedman LN; Williams MT; Singh TP; Frieden TR; Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, Yale University School of; Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
BACKGROUND. In New York City, the incidence of tuberculosis has more than doubled during the past decade. We examined the incidence of tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the rate of death from all causes in a very-high-risk group--indigent subjects who abuse drugs, alcohol, or both. MET
Aoyagi T; Sugawara-Aoyagi M; Yamazaki K; Hara K; Department of Periodontalogy, Niigata University School of; Dentistry, Japan.
We assessed cytokine production and proliferation of memory T-cells that were isolated from peripheral blood of adult periodontitis patients with high anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis titer. Memory T-cells were stimulated with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, sonicates and formalin-killed whole cells. Interleukin 4(IL-4
Bair HJ; Behr T; Rubbert A; Becker W; Wolf F; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg,; Germany.
A HIV-infected 37-year-old man with diffuse mid-abdominal pain and elevated liver enzymes was sequentially studied by sonography, computed tomography (CT), 99mTc-trimethyl-BrIDA scintigraphy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). CT and sonography did not lead to a final diagnosis. Cholescintigraph
Leonidas JC; Berdon WE; Valderrama E; Neveling U; Schuval S; Weiss SJ; Hilfer C; Godine L; Department of Radiology, Schneider Children's Hospital of Long; Island Jewish Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of; Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
PURPOSE: Pathologic changes of the thymus, often seen in children with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reflect direct invasion by the virus, followed by involution of the gland. A previously unknown form of thymic response to HIV infection, that of a multilocular thymic cyst, is reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Science. 1996 Mar 22;271(5256):1728-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96179675
Forsthuber T; Yip HC; Lehmann PV; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University,; Cleveland, OH 44106-4943, USA.
The neonatal period has been thought of as a window in ontogeny, during which the developing immune system is particularly susceptible to tolerization. In the present study, the classic system for induction of neonatal tolerance to protein antigens was reexamined in mice. The presumably tolerogenic protocol was found
Science. 1996 Mar 29;271(5257):1858-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96175583
Bevec D; Jaksche H; Oft M; Wohl T; Himmelspach M; Pacher A; Schebesta M; Koettnitz K; Dobrovnik M; Csonga R; Lottspeich F; Hauber J; Sandoz Research Institute, Department of Immunodermatology,; Vienna, Austria.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A(eIF-5A) is a cellular cofactor require d for the function of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Rev trans-activator protein. The majority of a set of eIF-5A mutants did not support growth of yeast cells having an inactivated genomic copy of eIF-5A, indicating that the intro
Toxicol Lett. 1995 Dec;82-83:435-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96170126
Matsukura M; Koike K; Zon G; Department of Child Development, Kumamoto University School of; Medicine, Japan.
For the past 10 years we have focused on the development of antisense treatments against viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We have demonstrated that phosphorothioate oligomers have in vitro anti-HIV activities and in vivo anti-HBV activity. In vitro anti-HIV activ
Berk RA; Baigis-Smith J; Nanda JP; School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, USA.
This study describes the psychosocial and physiological health care needs of persons with HIV/AIDS in hospital, outpatient, home care, and long-term care settings. A cross-sectional descriptive design with 386 patients selected from the four settings was used to test between-setting differences on Healthcare Needs Sca
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;376:37-45. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96167348
Renouf DV; Hounsell EF; University College London, Department of Biochemistry and; Molecular Biology, United Kingdom.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to visualise glycoproteins by computer graphics molecular modelling in order to research the dynamics of the oligosaccharide chains, determine their affects on protein conformation, antigenicity and function and to characterise oligosaccharide recognition determinants. With respect to the l
Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Mar;121(3):324-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96176841
Yau TH; Rivera-Velazquez PM; Mark AS; Cytryn AS; Levy CS; Shmookler BM; Kolsky MP; Department of Ophthalmology, Washington Hospital Center, District; of Columbia 20010, USA.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of Histoplasma capsulatum to cause optic neuritis in the setting of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: We examined a 35-year-old man with a history of AIDS and disseminated histoplasmosis who developed a unilateral progressive optic neuritis of enigmatic origin.
Ann Intern Med. 1996 Mar 15;124(6):573-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96175656
Trapnell CB; Narang PK; Li R; Lavelle JP; Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of fluconazole on rifabutin pharmacokinetics. DESIGN: An open-label, crossover, phase 1 trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinical research center at a university medical center in Washington, D.C. PATIENTS: 12 persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection whose CD4 lymphocyte c
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995 Dec 29;770:213-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96170308
Donnenberg AD; Margolick JB; Donnenberg VS; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of; Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Bone marrow transplant recipients have a functional T-cell deficit long after T-cell counts have returned to normal levels. Early after BMT, T-cell phenotype is predominantly CD45RO+/CD29high/HLA-DR+/CD38high. This profile is associated with activated memory cells in healthy subjects, but also appears on the earliest
AIDS Patient Care. 1995 Dec;9(6):276-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96156749
Vedhara K; Nott KH; Richards SM; Bradbeer C; Davidson EA; Ong EL; Snow MH; Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine,; Cardiff, UK.
Despite uncertainty over their reliability, CD4+ cell counts are used extensively in both clinical and research settings to document progression in HIV infection. We examined, therefore, whether the performance of a simple statistical test would facilitate greater accuracy in the use of this marker. CD4+ cell count da
AIDS Patient Care. 1995 Dec;9(6):281-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96156750
Samuels ME; Shi L; Stoskoph CH; Richter DL; Baker SL; Sy FS; Department of Health Administration, School of Public Health,; University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
Primary care physicians in South Carolina were asked about their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and services provided to HIV/AIDS patients. The study focused on conditions under which physicians would provide additional services in an effort to develop more effective state policies regarding HIV/AIDS. There was a 66 p
AIDS Patient Care. 1995 Dec;9(6):293-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96156752
Hacker C; Watson JR; Grimes RM; AIDS Education and Training Center for Texas and Oklahoma,; University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, School of; Public Health, USA.
AIDS Patient Care. 1995 Dec;9(6):297-302. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96156753
Hogg RS; Schechter MT; Schilder A; Le R; Strathdee SA; Goldstone IL; O'Shaughnessy MV; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's; Hospital/University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVE. To determine the patterns and determinants of mobility in persons with HIV infection or AIDS on a population basis. DESIGN. Descriptive cross-sectional population health study. TARGET POPULATION. 650 full members (i.e., HIV-positive) of the Vancouver Persons with AIDS Society who were residents of British C
Mental health professionals working with people with HIV disease are often confronted by the patients feelings of shame and should be prepared to recognize and treat what can sabotage the openness crucial to the therapeutic process. Shame is unlike guilt in that instead of being a transgression against some moral cod
Benson JD; University of California San Francisco, AIDS Clinic, San; Francisco, CA.
Research has been conducted on the effects of childhood abuse that may lead to HIV risk-taking behaviors in adolescence and adulthood. There is evidence of a higher incidence of childhood abuse among HIV-infected individuals and those at highest risk, but not enough evidence to confirm childhood abuse as a root cause
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 5;(no 222):1-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700430
James JS
The results of a study sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb , presented at the Eighth International Conference on Antiviral Research, April 23-8, 1995, show that patients who have been using AZT did significantly better in
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 5;(no 222):3-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700431
James JS
Two studies by researchers at Stanford University may force beliefs about the pathogenesis of HIV disease to be reevaluated. The researchers reported a selective loss of naive CD4 and CD8 cells in both HIV-infected adults and children, respectively. Therefore, AIDS may be a disease not of loss of CD4 cells, but of los
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 5;(no 222):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700432
The Inter-Company Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development (ICC) has recently made several changes for volunteers enrolling in its 001 trial. After several complaints from volunteers who were asked to pay for pre-screening blood tests, the ICC, a consortium of 15 major pharmaceutical companies, is now providing an opti
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 5;(no 222):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700433
Glaxo, the manufacturer of 3TC , has announced that it is limiting enrollment for its expanded access program. Due to the increased demand for the drug after reports of good results with the combination of 3TC and
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 5;(no 222):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700434
James JS
Early study results show that the protease inhibitor AG1343, being developed by Agouron Pharmaceuticals of La Jolla, California, does have biological activity against HIV in people. Eight patients, given 300 mg of AG1343 three times a day for periods ranging from 3 to 28 days, show
ACTG 076 demonstrated that the frequency of perinatal HIV transmission can be reduced by administering AZT to HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The rate of vertical transmission in ACTG 076 was approximately eight percent, or one-third o
The case of an asymptomatic HIV-infected patient with abnormal cryptococcal serology is presented. Cryptococcal infection was detected through a routine serum cryptococcal antigen (titer of 1:256). A second examination revealed no overt clinical symptoms. This raises the question of whether HIV-positive patients shoul
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 19;(no 223):1-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700445
James JS
On May 11, 1995, community AIDS representatives met with members of the Clinical Trials subcommittee of the Inter-Company Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development (ICC) to discuss several proposals. David Barry, M.D., chairman of the Clinical Trials subcommittee, suggested an innovative trial design that would include
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 19;(no 223):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700446
Abbott Laboratories refusal to provide any compassionate access to ABT-538, the company s experimental protease inhibitor, has caused U.S. AIDS organizations representatives to call for a protest. The first phase of the protest, scheduled from May 16 through May 22, involves representatives of some of the largest U.S
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 19;(no 223):8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700447
James JS
The biotechnology industry is concerned about a coalition of mainstream religious leaders, working with Jeremy Rifkin of the Foundation of Economic Trends, who oppose the patenting of human and animal life forms, body parts, and genes. The coalition called a press conference on May 18 to ask the government to prohibit
AIDS Treat News. 1995 May 19;(no 223):8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700448
Eighteen new drugs were added to the California AIDS Drug Assistance Program in March, 1995. These drugs, in addition to the 25 drugs already in the program, can be fully or partially reimbursed for people with HIV with moderate incomes. The new drugs include: alpha interferon, bleomycin sulfate, cyclophosphamide, dex
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Apr;1(3):6-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700522
Mascolini M
The antiretroviral strategy discussion at the first HIV Infection in Women Conference in 1995 is summarized. Kathleen E. Squires, MD, stated that retroviral therapy should begin as soon as a person tests positive for HIV, whatever the CD4+ count. Others, however, advise that current agents are too toxic to be given co
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Apr;1(3):12-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700523
Cockerell CJ; University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
Some of the more common herpesviruses, human herpesvirus types 1, 2, and 6; varicella zoster virus; Epstein-Barr virus; and cytomegalovirus , are discussed. Discussions include the incidence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, histopathology, and differential diagnosis of these
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Apr;1(3):18-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700524
MacDougall DS
Discussions at the Second International Conference on Engineered Vaccines for Cancer and AIDS on the similarities and differences between molecular biology, and the prevention and treatment of cancer and AIDS are summarized. Specific topics included peptide vaccines, the carcinoembryonic antigen as a potential target
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Apr;1(3):26-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700525
Nary G
A new global tuberculosis pandemic has arisen that is expected to become the leading cause of death in people with AIDS by the year 2000. The surge in tuberculosis cases has been linked to co-infection with HIV, new epidemics in Eastern Europe, drug-resistant strains, inadequate treatment regimens, lack of compliance
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):1, 11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700526
To settle a discrimination lawsuit, Campbell University agreed to pay $325,000 to a physical education instructor fired in 1993 after the university learned he had AIDS. Officials from the North Carolina university said the instructor, known as John Doe, posed a direct threat to students and himself. The Equal Employm
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):1, 7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700527
Nearly 200 House of Representatives members, mostly Democrats, have sponsored legislation that would require states to tell parents or other legal guardians if their newborn babies test positive for HIV antibodies. Currently, health departments in 45 states, the District of Columbia,
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700528
A court ruled that Elisabeth Monaco is unable to sue for fraud after acquiring HIV through a blood transfusion in 1982. Monaco, who sued the hospital, her cardiologist, and two physicians, claimed she did not learn she had received
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):3-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700529
The Connecticut Supreme Court has refused to allow hospital patient Allen Barrett to recover damages arising from his fear of contracting HIV from sitting on a blood-soaked stretcher. The court said that medical evidence showed no sign that contact with the blood put the patient at risk of HIV infection during his sta
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):5-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700530
Two pilots, Capts. Paul H. Rafalowski and R. Christopher Prilliman, have sued United Airlines on charges that they were unlawfully grounded because of their HIV disease. The pilots were ordered on medical retirement after United officials learned they are HIV-positive. The pilots denied claims by the airline that thei
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700531
New York City s decision to close a gay movie theater where inspectors found male patrons engaging in unsafe sexual activity with other men was upheld by Justice Marilyn G. Diamond of the Supreme Court in Manhattan. She rejected the theater owner s argument that the city s March 31, 1995 closure of the New David Cinem
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700532
David Mindell, a University of Michigan researcher, is disputing the popular theory about the origin of AIDS--that monkeys spread the virus to humans within the last fifty years. Mindell says his research suggests that HIV may actually be a very old virus that originated in humans, infecting small numbers of people in
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):8-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700533
Many states are making legislative attempts to modify public policy regarding perinatal transmission of HIV since reports of a study last year indicate that use of the antiviral drug, AZT , during pregnancy, labor and childbirth, could cut by two-third
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700534
Appeals Court Justice Robert F. Utter denied a woman s claim that she was entitled to recover damages because she feared her husband s infidelity could have exposed her to HIV infection. Utter said state law does not recognize a legal duty to disclose extramarital sexual relations to one s spouse. The woman, known as
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 5;10(8):12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700535
According to researcher Dr. Lawrence S. Brown Jr., of the Addiction Research and Treatment Corp. in New York, the chance of a professional football player becoming infected with HIV on the field is less than 1 in 85 million. The study provides further evidence to those who say there is no medical or public health reas
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 19;10(9):1, 8-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700537
The Fourth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, Virginia, upheld a lower court ruling that said a Baltimore hospital acted properly in firing an HIV-positive neurosurgical resident because of the chance he might accidentally infect patients during operations. The resident, John Doe, was stuck with a needle while
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 19;10(9):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700538
The New York State Division of Human Rights has fined Marcus Garvey Nursing Home and its administrator $75,000 after the home placed a stroke patient with HIV in isolation for more than nine months. Anthony Frazier was placed in confinement after being persuaded to be tested for and found to be positive for HIV antibo
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 19;10(9):3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700539
Ruling on a case in Georgia, U.S. District Judge Owen Forrester said the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) does not protect former employees from discriminatory treatment in fringe benefits. Timothy Bourgeois charged that Garner Food Services, which owned and operated a chain of Hardee s Restaurants, fired him in
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 19;10(9):4-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700540
In March 1995, the Dallas County Health Department s commissioners voted 4-1 to bar the health department from handing out condoms, passing out bleach kits to injection drug users, or disseminating brochures that explain candidly how people contract HIV and how its spread can be prevented. The commissioners said the c
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 19;10(9):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700541
Former Ku Klux Klan leader, David Duke, planning a second run for governor of Louisiana, said he would curb the AIDS epidemic by tattooing people who are infected with HIV. His suggestion is to put indelible, glow-in-the-dark tattoos on the genitals of people infected with HIV. According to Duke, it may sound very dra
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 19;10(9):9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700542
A recap of major Federal court rulings involving health care workers and HIV in the workplace is provided. The list includes court decisions on surgery, reassignment of duties, transmission risk, and job transfer.
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 May 19;10(9):11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700543
A New York court has refused to order Lillian Brown, a nurse, to be tested for HIV antibodies in order to proceed with her claim that she suffered emotional anguish after puncturing her thumb with a needle at work. The decision was made since she never claimed that her anguish was based on an HIV infection, rather on
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 May;1(4):6-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700544
Nary G
The Chicago Museum of Science and Industry recently opened its 4,000-square-foot permanent exhibit on the science of AIDS. The exhibit is designed to educate visitors about immunology and virology by presenting AIDS as an example of an immune system breakdown and showing advances made in research and prevention of dis
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 May;1(4):8-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700545
Wain-Hobson S; Institut Pasteur, Paris, Cedex 15, France.
Simon Wain-Hobson, PhD, of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, addresses: 1) HIV research from his viewpoint; 2) three ways of attacking HIV; 3) information on conflicts between researchers and how to avoid them; 4) why the third world cannot wait for a vaccine; 5) the existence of other deadly viruses directly descending
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 May;1(4):14-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700546
Mascolini M
Speakers at the First International Symposium on HIV and Cytokines, held on March 15-17 in Reims, presented their views on topics in immunology and treatment of HIV infection with respect to cytokines. The first topic addressed the double-edged sword of the immune system which aids the spread of HIV infection as follo
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 May;1(4):23-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700547
Coffman RL; DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
Robert L. Coffman, PhD, presents his thoughts on the potential for anti-HIV cytokine strategies. The limiting factor for many trials is the availability of background toxicity data from good animal models. It would not be surprising if cytokine-based therapies are ultimately limited by toxicities found. Coffman furthe
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 May;1(4):26-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700548
Cockerell CJ; University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
Bacterial skin infections normally pose no threat to an immunocompetent patient but may threaten a seropositive one. For this reason, skin biopsies and cultures should be performed in any immunocompromised patients where bacterial infections are present. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnos
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 2;10(10):1, 9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700559
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has announced the suspension of their anonymous HIV testing program for newborn infants. The announcement came on the heels of legislation introduced by Gary Ackerman, D-N.Y., requiring states to tell parents or other legal guardians if their newborn babies test pos
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 2;10(10):1, 10-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700560
A U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals says that it will not automatically regard asymptomatic HIV as an impairment under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In a case involving Joan M. Ennis, an employee of the National Association of Business and Educational Radio Inc. (NABER), the court said judges should determine
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 2;10(10):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700561
Legislation, introduced in Congress and sponsored by Rep. Robert Dornan, R-Calif., would give an honorary discharge within six months to any military service member who tests positive for HIV antibodies. Those discharged would be assured access to veterans health services. The existing military policy bars entry to r
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 2;10(10):3-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700562
Budget plans for fiscal year 1996 are currently being negotiated, with several AIDS programs, as well as Medicaid, in the hot seat. There are two Republican versions of the proposed budget aimed at eliminating the Federal deficit by the year 2002. The Senate version calls for full funding of AIDS programs, including t
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 2;10(10):4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700563
An appeals court ruled that Walter L. White, convicted of child molestation, cannot receive a harsher sentence based on the trial judge s ungrounded fear that the defendant could transmit HIV to others. The court found no evidence that the defendant had HIV, knew he had the virus, or had been counseled previously abou
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 2;10(10):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700564
An appeals court reversed a verdict favoring drug companies after the widow of a hemophiliac, whose death was linked to HIV-tainted blood products, sued four pharmaceutical companies to pay damages. The four companies, Alpha Therapeutic Corp., Miles Laboratories Inc., Armour Pharmaceutical Co., and Baxter Travenol Lab
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 2;10(10):6-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700565
A New York appeals court has reinstated portions of a lawsuit filed by Jose Plaza, who claimed he contracted HIV after his domestic partner lied to him about his seropositivity. The case is one of a handful of lawsuits alleging negligent transmission of HIV, but is typical of what happens in the absence of wills decla
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 2;10(10):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700566
Documents obtained by a civil rights group, the Center for Constitutional Rights, showed that the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) monitored the activities of Act-Up, Gay Men s Health Crisis (GMHC), the Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights, and Senior Action in a Gay Environment. Act-Up was the main target from
The following HIV-associated fungal infections, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options are discussed: mucocutaneous candidiasis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis , aspergillosis, and blastomycosis. Also included are fungal infections that are
Jay A. Levy, MD, of the Cancer Research Institute at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), discusses his intriguing finding that a factor produced by CD8 cells stops the replication of HIV-1 in CD4 cells. Called CAF, Levy believes that this CD8-cell antiviral factor is critical in helping people infect
HIV positive individuals can protect themselves and their partners from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) while maintaining a healthy expression of sexuality. However, they must employ safer sex practices, as research has proven that seropositive individuals can be reinfected by strains of HIV other than the one th
Bartnof HS; University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San; Francisco, CA.
In cohort studies of HIV infection, approximately five percent of participants are long-term non-progressors--those who have been infected for over ten years and remain asymptomatic, have normal and stable immunologic profiles, and have not received any anti-HIV treatments. Researchers continue to study this group wit
Getty J; AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
On February 23, 1995, Serono Symposia/USA sponsored a meeting of leading endocrine researchers in the field of wasting disorders to compare notes and to advance knowledge about AIDS-related wasting. Presenter Richard Rabkin, MD, of Columbia University, reported on a study of 72 men who completed a 12-week trial of biw
Grunfeld C; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Dr. Carl Grunfeld, Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, provides his views on the state of the art in wasting theory in the following areas: the similarities between AIDS-related wasting and other types of wasting, the endocrine connections in AIDS wasting, the metabolic disturbances t
The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ), the government agency responsible for ensuring that drugs, vaccines, and medical devices are safe and effective, is under hot debate by Congress, the Clinton administration, and the AIDS community. The Clinton/Gore proposal favors excluding drug
The results of ACTG 076, published last November in the New England Journal of Medicine, continue to cause debate over the HIV counseling and testing of pregnant women. ACTG 076 showed a significant reduction in the rates of perinatal HIV transmission among pregnant women taking
The National Task Force on AIDS Drug Development, appointed in early 1994, has been meeting every few months since its inception to identify obstacles to the development of drugs for the treatment of AIDS and to formulate ways to address these obstacles. The April 1995 proceedings noted changes in tax and patent laws,
The Inter-Company Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development (ICC), formed in April 1993, is a consortium of international pharmaceutical companies that have agreed to conduct combination and comparative studies of antiviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Members at the May 11, 1995 meeting discussed
The Protease Working Group, a coalition of AIDS treatment advocates, has been lobbying pharmaceutical companies Hoffmann-La Roche , Merck and Company, and Abbott Laboratories to establish expanded access programs for the three protease inhibi
Breitbart W; Lefkowitz M; Levin J; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
An edited transcript of two BETA LIVE! national telephone conference calls held April 18 and April 20, 1995 is provided. Pain experts Dr. William Breitbart and Dr. Matthew Lefkowitz discuss pain management in AIDS. Jules Levin discusses protease inhibitor drug development. Pain syndromes associated with AIDS include a
Risk reduction must go beyond safe sex guidelines and encompass the ongoing process of sexual negotiation. Therapists can play a role in assisting clients to safely navigate sexual activity. Several case scenarios of therapy related to sexual risk, particularly among gay and bisexual men, are discussed. For the sexual
Major challenges related to counseling about sex within the HIV environment are highlighted, defining sources of discomfort and giving attention to special topics. For clients, discomfort can center around the fear of talking about sex, personal responsibility, making mistakes, or the feeling that elimination of sexua
Gonzalez FJ; University of California San Francisco, AIDS Clinic, San; Francisco, CA.
Seventeen percent of all AIDS cases in the United States are among Latinos, although Latinos constitute only about nine percent of the population. Of these cases, forty percent are among gay and bisexual men, and cultural and political barriers make some of these men harder to reach. P
Gomez CA; University of California San Francisco, AIDS Clinic, San; Francisco, CA.
The effectiveness of many HIV prevention efforts, particularly those targeted at women, are often hampered by ignorance of cultural realities of sexual behaviors. In a recent study of unmarried Latino adults living in the United States , researchers began to explore these different fact
Tighe J; University of California San Francisco, AIDS Clinic, San; Francisco, CA.
Ambiguous messages about HIV transmission can create a challenge for behavior change counseling. Clients frequently express uncertainty about the risk of condom breakage, open-mouthed kissing, and oral sex. Uncertainty may arise from conflicting messages over time, feeling overwhelmed, or internal conflicts about chan
Kurth A; Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, Washington, DC.
Research findings have changed reproductive decisions for HIV-infected women in their childbearing years. A variety of studies in the United States place the risk of vertical transmission (from mother to fetus) at between thirteen and thirty percent. Recent results of the AIDS Clinical
Benson M; Shannon M; Bay Area Perinatal AIDS Center, San Francisco, CA.
The results of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 076 protocol have proved that antiviral medications, specifically zidovudine (ZDV; AZT ), can reduce HIV transmission from mother to fetus. However, AZT therapy is not a viable option for many women-
The Dana Farber Institute has added a vitamin E-like compound, OPC-14117, to its study on HIV-related dementia . This drug protects nerve cells from HIV damage, and will hopefully improve patient thinking ability. Participants must be HIV positive; 18 years old or older; and experie
Three studies involving the Merck protease inhibitor MK-639 are enrolling subjects. These studies involve combining MK-639 with AZT in people with T4 cell counts between 50 and 500, with
AIDS patients are able to double their life expectancies after diagnosis. Drug treatment, an integral part in creating this improvement in life expectancy, consists of antiretroviral drugs, drugs that treat and prevent opportunistic diseases, and therapies that treat specific symptoms of AIDS, such as wasting or anemi
The two current blood tests (bDNA and PCR) used to measure the amount of HIV in the blood (viral load) are described. These tests are done in order to help clinicians and researchers make appropriate decisions regarding treatment. An explanation of how the tests are done, what they are meant to find, and how the resul
Interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) is a cytokine that helps boost the body s immune system by causing T4 cells to proliferate, or increase in numbers. IL-2 is an approved drug, but not for treatment of AIDS or HIV-related conditions. IL-2 causes HIV growth, although growth rates app
Four interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) studies open to AIDS patients are outlined. The studies involve a comparison of IL-2, thalidomide, and anti-TNF monoclonal antibody; subcutaneous IL-2 injections for the treatment of HIV-infected people with over 500 T4 cells counts; intraveno
Testosterone, a naturally occurring tissue- and muscle-building anabolic steroid, is rapidly cleared by the liver and does not circulate in the body long enough to be useful as a treatment for wasting in AIDS patients. Lower doses of synthetic testosterone, while less rapidly cleared, tend to be toxic to the liver. Ve
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is common in children and adults who are HIV-positive. More than half of the babies who have PCP never received preventive drugs. It is suggested that a greater number of HIV-exposed infants must be identified at an earlier stage, and preventive medication should be prescribed. It
The 3TC Expanded Access program is experiencing a slow down, with patients waiting four to six weeks for approval. This program is included in the latest version of The Experimental Treatment Guide. For more information call the Network at (800) 734-7
A 3-month, double-blind trial is studying albendazole for the treatment of microsporidiosis , an intestinal infection that causes diarrhea in people with AIDS. Participants must be HIV-positive, 18 years old or older, and have biopsy-proven microsporidiosis within 90 da
An overview of the following fungal infections: thrush , vaginal candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis is provided. The symptoms and treatment options of each infection are discussed. New information concerning the use of fluconazole in reducing
A new 4-month long study is testing the combination of hydroxychloroquine and AZT in HIV-positive people. Hydroxychloroquine has been used for treating malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus. Participants must be 18 years old or older with a T4 cell
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):10-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700645
Mascolini M
Discussions from a recent cancer conference held in May of 1995 are summarized in the following areas: 1) the effect of mitoguazone in relapsed non-Hodgkin s lymphoma ; 2) the addition of ddI or ddC to chemo for adv
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):15-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700646
Galantino ML; McReynolds MA; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR.
A study identified the types of conditions referred for outpatient physical therapy services at Thomas Street Clinic in Houston, Texas, as well as the therapy interventions used and outcomes of treatment. Researchers reviewed 74 patient records between January and June 1992. Eighty percent of the referrals for physica
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):20-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700647
Cockerell CJ; University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, histopathology, and differential diagnosis of parasitic infections and ectoparasitic infestations, especially scabies, in HIV-positive patients are examined. Treatment options for scabies include lindane cream or lotion or five percent permethrin cream. Precipit
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):23-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700648
Prescott LM
Discussions and research findings of the Eighth International Conference on Antiviral Research held in April 1995, which examined the development of new antiviral agents and novel therapeutic combinations against HIV infection and AIDS-related infections, are summarized. Specific topics include the combination of anti
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700649
Chapman S; Peterkin J; Quart B; Youle M; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, CA.
Based on favorable results from a phase I study of AG1343 using oral doses of 800 mg and 400 mg, a new study assessed a 300 mg dose regimen as the starting dose for a 1-month pilot phase II trial in HIV-positive patients with CD4 counts between 200 and 500. One patient was assessed who had been diagnosed in 1994 with
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700650
Hollinshead AC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
This article examines the development of a chemoimmunotherapy regimen for AIDS patients in which thiophenyl urea (TUR) and nonvirion antigen vaccine (NVA) were used. The article describes each step of the process from the single testing of TUR and NVA to its combination. Results from the
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700651
Clinical results suggest that clarithromycin may be effective in preventing the onset of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Among 667 patients treated with clarithromycin, the incidence of disseminated MAC was reduced 69 percent by using the antibiotic prophylactically. Mortality from all causes over the
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):32-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700673
Hoffman-LaRoche has decided to supply saquinavir to 4,000 patients who are not eligible to enroll in ongoing clinical trials but who may benefit from the investigational treatment. The plan is an open-label safety program that is international in scope. U.S. patients can enroll in the program through their physician.
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700674
The recruitment process in Hoffman-LaRoche s international phase III saquinavir clinical trials is described, and a list of international contacts and phone numbers from which information can be obtained are supplied. The studies establish safety and efficacy levels of saquinavir and evaluate the use of ZDV alone or i
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700675
By the end of the decade, about one-third of all deaths among HIV-positive people will result from tuberculosis. HIV is spreading most rapidly in Asia, where tuberculosis infection is even more widespread than in Africa. Dr. Arata Kochi, Director of WHO s Global TB Program, stated that the HIV/TB dual epidemic is unde
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700676
Prescott LM
Research is showing lamivudine ( 3TC ) is useful against hepatitis B-HIV co-infection in severely immunodeficient HIV-HBV co-infected persons when given 300 mg twice daily. The open-label study cited involved 29 HIV-HBV co-infected persons, with mean CD
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jun;1(5):34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700677
Genetics Institute, Inc. has suspended its phase II clinical trial of recombinant human interleukin-12 (rhIL-12) to treat patients with advanced kidney cancer since several patients required hospitalization (one died), following administration of the drug. The company is investigating to determine if the drug caused t
AIDS Clin Care. 1995 May;7(5):37-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700730
Vella S
The use of CD4 lymphocyte counts and plasma RNA levels as markers of HIV infection is examined. Marker candidates for HIV ideally should: 1) have a clear pathophysiological association with HIV; 2) have a role in the natural history of HIV infection; 3) be measurable in the vast majority of affected individuals; 4) ch
A case report is presented of a mildly retarded HIV-infected man with vaguely defined visual symptoms. After ruling out AIDS retinopathy, CMV retinitis, CNS toxoplasmosis, and adverse drug reactions as the cause of the visual disorder, the patient was diagnosed
The development of HIV resistance to protease inhibitors , once thought not to be possible, is causing great concern among researchers and patients. In light of the confusing information on resistance, it is difficult for people with HIV to make informed decisions ab
There are several ongoing protease inhibitor trials for individuals with HIV. Hoffmann-LaRoche s trial of saquinavir is a phase III study of AZT , AZT plus ddC , saquinavir plus AZT or
Both Merck and Co. and Hoffmann-LaRoche have announced small access programs for their protease inhibitors , while Abbott is considering expanded access. Hoffmann-LaRoche plans to open a worldwide 4,000-person compassionate use protocol of saquinavir in August, 1995.
Three new protease inhibitors stand out in light of cross-resistance, either because they achieve levels in the blood that may overwhelm low-level resistance, or because data suggest that they will not be cross-resistant with compounds in current clinical trials.
Legislative proposals to reform the mandate of the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) are underway in Washington. An ad hoc coalition has been formed by many leading AIDS groups to participate in the debate. The group is drafting principles for evaluating FDA reform proposals from the
The Inter-Company Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development (ICC) was created to foster cooperation between pharmaceutical companies with antiviral drugs in clinical development so as to more rapidly develop therapies for people with AIDS. Recent activities, reported at the May 11, 1995 meeting, include an agreement by
New data on a study, sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), showed beneficial effects of d4T in patients with prolonged previous treatment with AZT .
The now-merged Glaxo/Burroughs-Wellcome has developed an experimental nucleoside analogue that has just entered clinical trials in Europe and the United States . The analogue, known as 1592U89 or just U89, is a defective version of the natural nucleoside guanine. It interferes with acti
AIDS Act Update. 1995 May;9(1):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700769
Established in New Brunswick in 1988 as an independent, multicultural statewide organization, the New Jersey Women and AIDS Network helps women to shape policies that respond to their needs. The Network s Project Act provides free advocacy training to women living with HIV and their caregivers, to prepare them for lob
AIDS Act Update. 1995 May;9(1):3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700770
AIDS Action and a variety of national and local AIDS organizations are working to ensure the reauthorization of the Ryan White CARE Act. The measure was passed unanimously by the Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee on March 29 and a full Senate vote is expected after the Spring recess. The House Commerce Commit
AIDS Act Update. 1995 May;9(1):6-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700771
Although action during the first one hundred days of the 104th Congress has focused on the Republican Contract with America, there were opportunities to learn about Capitol Hill sentiment on Federal AIDS policy. Overall, expectations for FY96 are for general funding reductions or unchanged funding from previous years.
AIDS Act Update. 1995 May;9(1):9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700772
National Organizations Responding to AIDS (NORA) is helping to spearhead critical legislative efforts that include reauthorizing the Ryan White CARE Act, opposing mandatory testing proposals, and protecting the needs of people with AIDS in the debates over Medicaid and other Federal health programs. Led by a newly ele
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 2;(no 224):1-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700555
James JS
Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii), a live yeast, has been shown to be a safe and useful treatment for HIV-related diarrhea. Although the mechanism of action is uncertain, researchers believe it may reduce inflammation or increase immune responses in the blood. However, the yeast may take advantage of an immune de
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 2;(no 224):5-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700556
Smith D
Although there has been progress in HIV research and clinical care, many people who now have AIDS are concerned that potential treatments are often not pursued. First, insufficient information on making treatment decisions can place physicians and their patients at a dead-end. Faced with this obstacle, physicians and
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 2;(no 224):7-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700557
James JS
After thirty years at the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI), Robert Gallo, M.D., is leaving to start the Institute of Human Virology, which will be part of the University of Maryland system. The Institute will focus on AIDS, but will also do research in other human viral diseases and in cancer. The Institute s init
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 2;(no 224):8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700558
The American College of Traditional Chinese Medicine has been funded for three years to provide Chinese medical treatment to over 300 symptomatic HIV-positive patients. A recent study of the medical records of these patients, and of quarterly health surveys, has identified seven HIV-related conditions which appear to
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 16;(no 225):1-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700567
Since viral load testing (the testing for the number of copies of HIV RNA) is not officially approved for use in managing patients--although it is becoming more common in medical practice--many health insurance and managed care plans often refuse to pay for it. Chiron Corporation of Emeryville, California, one of thre
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 16;(no 225):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700568
Protocol 39, Merck s study of the protease inhibitor MK-639 in persons with CD4 count under 50, will recruit 420 patients in 12 U.S. cities. To enter the blinded portion of the study, patients need to have taken AZT for at least six months, and not ha
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 16;(no 225):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700569
A study run by the Immune Enhancement Project is now recruiting to compare Chinese medicine to conventional antibiotics for treatment of sinusitis. Volunteers must have recurrent sinusitis documented by endoscopy and a paranasal computed tomography scan, have had a CD4 count within 12 weeks, be 18 to 60 years old, and
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 16;(no 225):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700570
Federal employees can take advantage of a special one-time open season and enroll in life insurance up to slightly over their annual salary, with no physical examination or health questionnaire. Those with a life-threatening illness can now improve their financial condition during this open season, which ends July 21,
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Jun 16;(no 225):7-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700571
James JS
A controversial editorial review article on AIDS prevention by researchers at the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS) of the University of California was recently published in the British journal, AIDS. The article s thesis is that in addition to individual behavior, social and economic forces have played a role
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):1, 11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700572
Senator Jesse Helms, R-N.C., reportedly is blocking the reauthorization of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act because he contends too much money is being spent on AIDS relative to more common illnesses. Lawmakers have until September 30, 1995 to reauthorize the bill, however, if the delay
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):1, 8-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700573
The Alaska Supreme Court has ruled that a woman misdiagnosed with HIV can seek damages against her doctor for causing emotional distress, but said the doctor cannot be held liable for the collapse of the woman s marriage or his breach of her confidentiality. A battery of lab tests, including an HIV-antibody test, were
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700574
A Federal judge has ruled that Henry Lee Bailey, who was misdiagnosed with HIV, has no constitutional claim against the government for damages caused by the mistake. While serving time in Avenal State Prison in California in May 1992, Bailey voluntarily gave a blood sample in order to obtain a marriage license. Withou
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700575
The Gay and Lesbian Medical Association (GLMA) issued a statement on May 19, 1995, announcing its support of clinical trials of the therapeutic uses of marijuana. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has continued to resist permitting clinical trials of marijuana despite evidence that it can relieve sympto
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):3-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700576
The Supreme Court ruled, in a six to three decision, that municipalities may not use occupancy limits to bar the establishment of group homes in residential settings if those limits do not apply to families as well. This ruling has made it harder for municipalities to prevent group homes for people with disabilities f
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700577
The Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court has ruled that an airline flight attendant, known only as John Doe, must give his employer access to his HIV condition if he files a workers compensation claim based on depression. Doe filed a petition in 1990 for workers compensation alleging that he suffered a work-related injur
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700578
A damage award arising from a medical malpractice lawsuit will go back to the trial judge because the defense was not allowed to inspect the plaintiff s psychological records. Before his death, Timothy B. Baker sued his doctor, Woodruff J. English, claiming the doctor should have known not to prescribe a sulfa-based d
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):6-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700579
Federal government agencies that mandate attendance at their workplace training classes must require their employees to take part in AIDS education as well. However, those employees who voice religious or moral objections to AIDS education can opt out. In a survey conducted by The Washington Blade, researchers found t
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700580
According to a survey conducted by the National Leadership Coalition on AIDS, full-time workers in the private sector are more concerned about AIDS than other diseases. Half of the respondents said they were concerned about AIDS, 32 percent said cancer, and 7 percent said heart disease. The survey also found that 34 p
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700581
Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) January 1993 bulletin on HIV testing procedures state that doctors should not tell patients HIV-positive results until confirmatory tests are done. The first step in the process is an ELISA screening test, which detects HIV-antibodies. A reactive res
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):10-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700582
A Louisiana appeals court upheld a ruling of attempted murder of Donald Caine, an HIV-positive man who attacked a convenience store clerk with a syringe and yelled, I ll give you AIDS. The clerk, Wanda Fitzgerald, tried to telephone police after Caine grabbed a carton of cigarettes. Caine pulled a syringe loaded with
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 16;10(11):12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700583
The Defense Department has written into its budget a proposal to discharge all HIV-positive members of the armed services. The House Committee on National Security has approved the fiscal 1996 defense budget with the ban included. Rep. Robert K. Dornan, R- Calif., contends that having HIV-positive service members in t
Dustow C; Lower Eastside Service Center, New York, NY.
Recommendations for health care providers on how to openly and constructively discuss HIV and sexuality with their clients, and suggestions about approaches for self-protection when engaging in sexual activities are provided. The author focuses on the provider/client relationship, stressing the importance of gathering
The diagnosis of a relapsing fever of unknown origin (FUO) in a middle-aged HIV-infected male is discussed. The author notes that many of these fevers occur in HIV-infected and AIDS patients with low CD4 counts who have occult infections or malignancies typical of the early stages of HIV. At later stages of AIDS, virt
AIDS Clin Care. 1995 Jul;7(7):57-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700598
McCormick P; Sax P; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
The significance of the following blood tests are examined: complete blood count; liver function tests; blood urea nitrogen and creatinine; blood glucose, electrolytes, and minerals; and amylase. Several questions are answered regarding test results, what blood cultures are, whether a blood transfusion is required for
AIDS Clin Care. 1995 Jul;7(7):62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700599
Cotton D
The newly approved use of an Atovaquone (Mepron) suspension for treating mild to moderate Pneumocystis carinii (PCP) in patients unable to tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), has shown that it is twice as bioavailable compared with the previously licensed tablet formulation. However, Atovaquone use has p
AIDS Alert. 1995 Jul;10(7):88-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700600
Officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are using Connecticut as a model for how AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) control programs share information. The two registries have been sharing information since 1986 and find that the match helps both programs monitor recent infection trends and target sc
AIDS Alert. 1995 Jul;10(7):91-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700601
Results of two studies at hospitals in New York City have shown how early diagnosis, proper treatment, and directly observed therapy (DOT) can improve survival of AIDS patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The first study followed ten patients and included early diagnosis, treatment with an initial
AIDS Alert. 1995 Jul;10(7):93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700602
The Rapid Assessment HIV survey (RAP) is a new surveillance tool being pilot-tested at eleven sites across the country. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has approved its protocol and is testing it to make sure its sample sizes, software, and forms are workable and effective. The RAP surveys are sai
AIDS Alert. 1995 Jul;10(7):94-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700603
As approval of the first home-access HIV test kit appears inevitable, various health care agencies are anticipating how the kit would change HIV testing methods. One survey indicates that home testing would be favored by minority groups, would decrease the burden on public testing sites, and would lessen the use of bl
AIDS Alert. 1995 Jul;10(7):95-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700604
The National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has announced the launching of three new research projects on topical microbicides--chemicals a woman can insert in her vagina before sexual intercourse that will kill various STDs, including HIV. NIAID has funded $1.5 million in first-year grants to r
AIDS Alert. 1995 Jul;10(7):suppl 1-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700605
Studies on the effects of exercise on the immune system are often contradictory, but most AIDS researchers and occupational therapists agree that the benefits of moderate exercise outweigh its potential harm. Exercise not only has physiological effects on the immune system, it also has psychological effects--a general
Italy s statistics institute, ISTAT, has announced in its annual report that the number of AIDS deaths is threatening to pass the number of deaths from traffic accidents. According to ISTAT, 4,370 Italians died from AIDS in 1994, while some 6,000 died on the country s roads. The report states that AIDS is the second l
According to Gilead, the maker of cidofovir (formerly called HPMPC), early trial results show a promising level of effectiveness in delaying the progression of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis in people with AIDS. The study co
Serono Laboratories is making Serostim, the human growth hormone, available through a Treatment Investigational New Drug (TIND) expanded-access program. Physicians must first enroll patients in the TIND program and submit appropriate authorization forms to insurance companies or to the government reimbursement program
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) continue to study the use of the FDA-approved anticancer drug hydroxyurea (HU) as an inhibitor of viral reverse transcriptase for the treatment of HIV infection. Rather than targeting HIV itself, HU targets the cells in which viral replication takes place, which r
Researchers predict that approximately thirteen percent of homosexual/bisexual men infected with HIV at an early age will be long-term survivors, remaining free of disease for more than twenty years. Researchers with the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study based their predictions on data from the ongoing study of 1,809 HIV-
Vanderbilt University researcher Mark A. Pierce remains doubtful about whether prevention is preferable to active surveillance and aggressive treatment of early infection in AIDS patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Problems of cost, compliance, drug toxicity, drug interactions, and long-term efficacy have
A cancer study conducted by the National Cancer Institute s (NCI) AIDS/Cancer Study Group disputes claims that AZT and other nucleoside analogs can predispose people to non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (MHL). The study compa
A new vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis-A, a highly contagious virus for which there is no therapy. According to SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, the manufacturer, the availability of the vaccine should provide a simple, safe, and effective means to control this widespread disease. The Centers for Disease Contr
Researchers have found that patients presumed to be intolerant to TMP-SMX (trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole) can be desensitized with oral TMP-SMX and subsequently receive the drug for long periods of time. TMP-SMX is the drug of choice for preventing PCP. A study showed that 86 percent of AIDS patients who had varying de
Glaxo Wellcome , makers of atovaquone (Mepron), has announced that the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has cleared a new suspension formulation of the drug that produces better results than the tablets. The suspension is indicated for th
Initial analysis of phase II data on DOXIL shows that it appears to be a more effective treatment for AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) than chemotherapy with Adriamycin, Bleomycin, and Vincristine (ABV) combination. DOXIL is a long-circulating liposome form of the an
Officials from the Treatment Action Group and AIDS physicians are concerned that claims made about the new herbal extract from French boxwood trees have not been validated by data. An informal clinical trial is underway to assess the new herbal extract, SPV-30. According to Beth Mastman, a doctor of chiropractic who o
Reports on the testing and ranking of 6,500 samples of 37 different kinds of latex condoms are available in the 1995 issue of Consumer Reports. The magazine used the air-burst test, approved last year by the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ), to test for condom strength and reliabili
The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) recently approved WinRho SD, a new treatment for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). A clinical trial in children with acute ITP found that WinRho SD is as effective as IVIG or prednisone, but less expensive and dramatically easier to administ
A study published in the journal, AIDS, reveals that ganciclovir capsules (oral Cytovene) are a safe and effective alternative to the intravenous (IV) formulation of the drug for maintenance treatment of cytomegalovirus ( CMV )
Gallo RC; National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute,; Rockville, MD.
Robert C. Gallo, M.D., researcher for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is leaving after thirty years to launch a private research facility, the Institute of Human Virology. Based in Maryland, the new facility is scheduled to open in the next few months and will combine cl
Viatical settlement, or viatication, and other techniques for getting cash out of life insurance policies can relieve many financial problems for those living with HIV disease. Legislation is pending in Congress to make the practice of selling life insurance policies before death free from Federal taxation. This artic
People with HIV are dying at the rate of at least one death every fifteen minutes in this country. Years can pass from HIV diagnosis to the onset of opportunistic diseases. The virus gradually destroys the body s ability to defend itself by inhibiting cell and body functions that help with immunity. As HIV disease pro
Innovative retreats for HIV-positive travelers specialize in stress reduction and alternative healing. The author gives a first-hand account of experiencing a wellness vacation for the HIV-positive. Although wellness retreats are nothing new, a San Francisco-based travel company picked the island of Hawaii as the spec
Many AIDS advocacy organizations and individuals are concerned about the future of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act. The CARE Act is due to expire in September, five years after it was passed by Congress to provide services to people affected by HIV/AIDS. The Act provides essential reli
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):1, 8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700678
President Clinton has created the Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS to advise him on how the government might improve AIDS prevention, research, and treatment programs. The 30-member Council will consist mostly of people in the front lines of the epidemic in communities across the country, with well-known acti
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):1, 10-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700679
The New Jersey Superior Court has ruled that the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB), the nation s largest blood bank trade group, was negligent during the early 1980s when it recommended that blood banks not screen and test donors to reduce the chance of HIV contamination of the nation s blood supply. William
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700680
A New Orleans dentist, Drew B. Morvant, will pay $120,000 in compensatory damages under a settlement after refusing to treat two HIV-positive patients. Ismael Pena, a longtime patient, and Russell Hodgkinson, a newer patient, were refused treatment by Dr. Morvant after they told him they were HIV-positive. The dentist
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):3-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700681
A Federal judge has refused to overturn or reduce a jury s $125,000 award to a Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) employee who said his privacy was invaded when his superiors learned he was taking an AIDS medication. The employee, known as John Doe, charged that Judith Pierce, the chief adminis
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700682
In an International Clinical Conference Call, a national telephone hookup that enables people in the field to pose questions to experts, speakers agreed that doctors are not moving quickly enough to deal with the privacy, counseling and treatment issues associated with pregnant women who are HIV-positive. In two recen
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700683
A Missouri Court of Appeals for the Western District ruled that survivors of Ralph Morton Jr., whose death was due to AIDS-related complications, cannot recover damages based on his doctors tardy diagnosis of his HIV status. According to the court, because there is no known cure for AIDS, a diagnosis that comes too l
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700684
The House of Representatives approved for fiscal 1996,a $267.3 billion defense authorization bill which requires the military to discharge service members found to be HIV-positive. Now in the Senate, AIDS activists are trying to persuade Sen. John Warner of Virginia, a ranking member of the Armed Services Committee, t
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700685
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has sued Spectacor, one of the largest stadium-management companies, on behalf of employee Robert A. Pinard, who claimed his employer refused to grant him flexible work hours to accommodate his AIDS diagnosis. Pinard had submitted a note from one of his doctors statin
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700686
The New York Supreme Court Appellate Division dismissed a motion filed by Anker Management Corp. to block an investigation being conducted by the State Division of Human Rights into the company s employment practices. An Anker employee had filed an administrative complaint with the Division of Human Rights, charging t
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700687
Secret Service security guards donned rubber gloves on June 13, 1995 to usher in forty gay and lesbian elected officials for a briefing by the Clinton administration at the Executive Office Building. A city councilman and a state representative attending the meeting asked the guards about the gloves and were told that
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700688
The House Commerce Subcommittee on Health and the Environment has approved unanimously a bill to extend the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act through the year 2000. It is conceivable that the measure might clear the House floor before the Senate finishes its work. Sen. Jesse Helms, R-N.C., i
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700689
In his first veto as President, Bill Clinton preserved the full $186 million funding allocation for the Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS (HOPWA) program. Congressional Republicans had cut $30 million from the appropriation for fiscal 1995 as part of a package of $16.4 billion in funding rescissions. In other
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Jun 30;10(12):9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700690
Twenty-three of the thirty members of President Clinton s Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS are listed. Seven members will be named at a later date. R. Scott Hitt, a physician and member of the board of directors of AIDS Project Los Angeles, will chair the Council. Bob Hattoy, Jeremy Landau, Steve Lew, and H. Alexander Rob
Hines BE; Peura SM; Corpus Christi Residence, Corpus Christi, TX.
Caregivers of people with end-stage AIDS face difficult challenges in working with the young, disabled, and dying as they try to help these individuals learn to live and die well. A hospice, a place where people come to die, is based on the philosophy that death can be experienced as a meaningful stage of life. The ro
Hospice care relies on a variety of approaches to heal the mind and the soul, if not the body. While hospice care has been well developed in the United States and the United Kingdom , it has overlooked the crucial tool of psychiatry in responding to the
The author examines new treatment options and services for people with cytomegalovirus ( CMV ), a major opportunistic infection of people with advanced AIDS. The following CMV drugs: ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir, ISIS 2922
The author, who has cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis, discusses the lack of services available to people with CMV and discusses the best means of obtaining services that do exist. It is stressed that finding a service for peop
Merck has expanded its protease inhibitor ( Crixivan ) access program, formerly known as MK-639 and L-735,524. The program will now include 1,100 lottery-selected patients having less than 50 CD4 cells. Drug recipients are to be chosen on August 15, 199
Glaxo Wellcome plans to increase the weekly quota for its 3TC compassionate use protocol from 300 to 650 new enrollments. The announcement follows their June 30, 1995 filing for Food and Drug Administratio
A new class of drugs called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are entering phase I clinical trials according to Eli Lilly Co., the company that discovered them. The company reports that LY30046-HCL, the first of this new drug class, is more potent than
Some of the major findings presented at a National Cancer Institute-sponsored conference on Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) and its treatment are summarized. KS s clinical features and several potential therapeutic approaches are discussed. Treatment options reviewed include angiogenesis inhibitors; liposomal anthracyclines suc
Vestar has asked for a second time for Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approval of DaunoXome, a liposomal daunorubicin , for the treatment of patients with systemic Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS) based on results from a large phase III trial.
The Lancet Letter reports use of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) for treating Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS). Low doses of HCG were given intramuscularly, then escalated to 150,000 IU (and higher), three times a week. All patients had significant tumor regression. Delayed treatment or dosages under 100,000 IU resulted in recurrin
Dr. Yuan Chang and her research group believe they have fulfilled the epidemiological criteria for establishing the KSHV (herpes virus) as the cause of Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS), but Dr. Gallo and others still question the virus s role. If KS is caused by KSHV, there is a possibility that an antiviral drug may have a ther
Several X-ray procedures can be used as diagnostic tools for discovering secondary infections and cancers associated with HIV infection. Each of the following four exams can assist in diagnosis: gastrointestinal, upper and lower GI, and CT scan. The article concludes by discussing the problem of contrast reactions and
The Office of AIDS Research (OAR) started a review of budgetary and coordination efforts of all NIH AIDS spending in the Spring of 1995. OAR divided work into the following panels: Drug Discovery; Etiology and Pathogenesis; Natural History, Epidemiology, and Prevention; Behavioral, Social Science and Prevention; Vacci
On July 7, 1995, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued new guidelines for testing pregnant women for HIV infection to prevent perinatal transmission of the disease, and such measures mandating testing seems likely to pass Congress. ACTG 076 results that show expectant mothers given
Congress has sent mixed signals to AIDS activists about the latest developments regarding funding for AIDS programs for fiscal year 1996. The House Commerce Committee unanimously sent the Ryan White reauthorization measure (H.R. 1872) to the full House for action. Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole has scheduled a floor
The Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has rejected Curtis Weeks petition for a writ of habeas corpus after concluding that Weeks could have killed a prison guard by infecting him with saliva. Weeks, a prisoner with HIV, will spend the rest of his life behind bars for spitting in the prison guard s face in June 1988
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has filed suit on behalf of a former janitor whose employer, Nelson and Associations, insisted he take an HIV-antibody test and spread rumors that he was HIV-positive. The janitor (known as John Doe) had worked at the Third East Hills Park Cooperative, a low-income ho
The Colorado Compensation Insurance Authority (CCIA), which runs the state s workers compensation program, seeks to block benefits to Roger D. Allen because it suspects Allen is gay and must have become infected with HIV by having sex with another man. Allen denies the CCIA s assertion, stating that he is a heterosex
The Ryan White CARE Act reauthorization bill may be at a standstill. Republican Tom Coburn has argued that all newborns should be tested to protect the health of the infants and alert the mother to seek medical care. He has sought to amend the Ryan White reauthorization measure to mandate HIV testing. The
In a 1994 study at 32 Kaiser Permanente medical centers in northern California, involving 32,400 pregnant women, 90 percent of the women consented to a voluntary HIV-antibody test. The high compliance rate was attributed to five factors: group prenatal counseling by a health educator; a nine-minute Kaiser video about
A Federal appeals court has ruled that a strip-search of ten AIDS activists by U.S. marshals following a demonstration in 1989 was unlawful. In overturning a lower court ruling, the appeals court said the marshals action violated the demonstrators Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seiz
New Jersey State Superior Court Judge Jose L. Fuentes has ruled unconstitutional a state law allowing victims of sexual assault to require their accused attackers to be tested for HIV. Fuentes says the 1993 law intrudes on defendants right to privacy and constitutes an illegal search and seizure while leaving the vic
A Federal judge in New York has ruled that an HIV-positive inmate has no cause of action against a prison physician who refuses to honor the prisoner s request for a specific therapy. Warren W. Carter, an inmate of the Nassau County Correctional Facility on Long Island, sued the prison physician, the prison and others
A New York appeals court ruled that Aida Cruz (who is HIV-positive) cannot sustain a libel action against a newspaper for characterizing her as having AIDS. Cruz agreed to be interviewed and photographed for a story in Latin News Impacto, a Spanish-language newspaper in the Bronx, but became upset when the article des
Lawmakers and a handful of government employees have objected to the Federal government s programs to educate its employees about AIDS. At the June 22, 1995 hearing of the civil service subcommittee of the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, protests were raised on religious or moral grounds. Thomas Herro
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are warning people, particularly those with suppressed immune systems, of the risks of cryptosporidiosis. A waterborne parasite found in U.S. lakes, rivers and reservoirs, cryptosporidium parvum can emerge in tap water,
A New York judge has refused to give David Weiner, the survivor in a blood-transfusion case, access to the financial status of the hospital where the HIV-tainted blood was dispensed. Weiner demanded that the hospital provide information about pending and paid insurance claims for the period of time when his mother rec
The House version of the Ryan White CARE Act reauthorization passed the Health and Environment Subcommittee of the House Commerce Committee on June 14, 1995. The legislation now moves to the full Commerce Committee for consideration. However, a review of the measure was postponed indefinitely, some feel as a result of
AIDS Act Update. 1995 Jul/Aug;9(2):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700764
Established in 1989, Concilio Latino de Salud is a small, community-based organization in Maricopa County, Arizona. One of its goals is to reduce the numbers of HIV infection and AIDS among the Latino/Hispanic population through the use of outreach and education programs. An obstacle to reaching this population is tha
AIDS Act Update. 1995 Jul/Aug;9(2):3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700765
In the midst of the controversy over HIV-antibody testing, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidelines this summer recommending universal counseling and voluntary HIV testing of all pregnant women. The guidelines promote the identification of HIV-infected women so that they have the option o
AIDS Act Update. 1995 Jul/Aug;9(2):8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700766
AIDS Action continues to work to save the Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS (HOPWA) program, as well as to ensure that people with HIV/AIDS have access to other Federal housing programs. In June, the House VA/HUB Subcommittee will vote on recommendations for the FY 96 appropriations bill before it reaches the
AIDS Act Update. 1995 Jul/Aug;9(2):9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700767
AIDS Action and other medical research advocates are fighting proposed Federal funding cuts aimed at research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ), and the Department of Defense (DoD). Despite an amendment which restored $1 billion out of
AIDS Act Update. 1995 Jul/Aug;9(2):11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700768
Forty percent of all people living with HIV/AIDS (PWAs) rely on Medicaid at some point during their illness. AIDS Action has launched an initiative to protect these people and Medicaid. The House and Senate have agreed on a budget which will realize at least $180 billion in savings from Medicaid over the next seven ye
The theory that in early HIV infection the virus remains hidden within cells or lymph nodes waiting for a signal to replicate and then causes the disease to progress, has been disputed. Current testing methods have shown that HIV can be detected in the blood of almost all HIV-infected patients throughout the course of
As a result of improved treatments for AIDS, patients are living longer with more pronounced immunosuppression. A rise in the incidence of infections caused by cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) has since been observed. The most common CM
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):10-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700775
Mascolini M
Presentations at the Fifth Annual Conference on HIV/AIDS Research in Winnipeg ( Canada ) considered the level of viral load and CD4+ counts that can be used to guide therapeutic decisions. Discussions centered on the dangers of relying too heavily on any one measurement of an individ
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):21-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700776
Rubin M; Glaxo Wellcome Company, Research Triangle Park, NC.
An interview with Marc Rubin, the Director of International Anti-Infective and Immunology Clinical Research at Glaxo Wellcome , highlights his thoughts on the changing criteria for compassionate use, what makes the combination of ZDV/
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):26-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700777
Cope FO; Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH.
Presentations at the First International Conference on Nutrition and HIV Infection, held in April in Cannes, France , documented the positive role that objective multifactional nutritional support can have in managing disease complications. Overall, consensus was that the current sy
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):30-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700778
Germaniskis L; Singer EJ; University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los; Angeles, CA.
Manifestations and treatments of many types of common illnesses associated with peripheral neuropathy (PN) in HIV-infected people are presented. Specific topics examine Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, dis
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):35. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700779
McFarlane R
Daytime television s national Day of Compassion programming, a Hollywood Supports-sponsored event where entire shows and storylines were devoted to HIV/AIDS topics, is highlighted. Programming successes are examined, including cable TV s contribution to the event and the general public s approval. Richard Jennings of
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):37. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700780
Chiron Corporation and Hoffman-LaRoche announced a filing of a New Drug Application with the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) to market Vitrasert , its intraocular implant which delivers ganciclovir directly to the eye for treatmen
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):37-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700781
Abbott Laboratories has cancelled trial M94-246 for its protease inhibitor compound ritonavir (ABT-538) because the successful completion of the study was unlikely. A replacement trial is being developed.
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700782
Merck has announced a compassionate use lottery of Crixivan (formerly known as MD-639 and L-735, 524), a protease inhibitor for the treatment of HIV disease. Crixivan will be made available without cost to 1,400 eligible people in the
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Jul;1(6):38-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700783
Sivaraman S
Because of a terrorist incident against Bangkok s Relief Center for HIV/AIDS Carriers, it is feared that a rising intolerance is occurring in Thailand . Such fears are damaging efforts to help those with HIV/AIDS. Misconceptions about the nature of HIV/AIDS continue to dominate Th
During the HIV epidemic, alternative forms of medicine have leaked into mainstream medicine. It has become clear that a system of integrated care needs to be developed to combine conventional and alternative treatments. In January, 1995, the Integrated Care Clinic at Bastyr University was created. Modalities used incl
The field of psychoneuroimmunology has been evolving over the past thirty years and is based on connecting the mind and body using a concept known as hardiness. Hardiness generally consists of three main parameters: commitment, control, and challenge, but in working with HIV-infected patients, a fourth parameter, comm
With the recent increase in tuberculosis (TB) cases, especially among AIDS patients, it has been projected that TB will be the leading cause of death in this population by the year 2000. It is vital that TB be considered by clinicians when diagnosing and treating HIV infection. Since HIV-infected people have immune sy
Hernandez V; Direct AIDS Alternative Information Resources, New York, NY.
Persons with HIV may have previous or concurrent liver impairment as a result of injection drug use, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and damage from medications. Additional stress is placed on the liver by low-grade opportunistic infections and hemophilia. It is especially important that persons with HIV care for their live
Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium-complex (DMAC) usually occurs in people with advanced HIV infection CD4 and T-lymphocyte counts under 100 cells/ml. Recommendations for treating and preventing DMAC in adults and adolescents were made by a U.S. Public Health Service Task Force. The recommendations are: 1) all patients
If one member of a couple has AIDS, both must be abreast of the latest in treatment, but not allow the disease to consume their relationship. By discussing feelings frankly, the virus can be confronted together. The author, a therapist, asserts that it is normal to fear life changes, but couples should not let them in
Maroney TA; New York City Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project, New York,; NY.
AIDS has a major impact on a couple s relationship and can increase the risk of domestic violence. The HIV-positive victim may be accused of bringing the illness upon himself. This can cause feelings of guilt, which destroy self-esteem. The abuser may tell the victim that he is doing a great favor by not abandoning hi
Diaz F; Remien R; Wagner GJ; New York Psychiatric Institute, HIV Center for Clinical and; Behavioral Studies, New York, NY.
The AIDS epidemic makes intimate relations difficult. Fear of sexual transmission is particularly evident in couples with one HIV-positive partner. The HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies initiated a project to assist mixed HIV-positive couples with their relationships and sexual relations. The participatin
The greatest source of happiness and tension comes from the partner in a relationship. Couples enjoy planning their future and exploring all possible options. When one member of this union is HIV-positive, it forces the couple to live more in the present. The futures may be different for each. The stories of two coupl
The author attended a support group sponsored by the AIDS Foundation for homosexual HIV-positive men and relates his experience. The men openly discussed their plans, fears, feelings, and situations relating to their condition. Each attending member had his own story to relate. Don Jesus, 70, is the group s oldest mem
The author, an inmate at Sing Sing prison, educates Hispanic inmates about the HIV virus. In years past, he had openly discriminated against persons with AIDS. A family situation changed his life forever. His family came to visit him in prison for the first time in five years. He noted that his sister looked pale and
World AIDS Day, celebrated on December 1, was designed to create global consciousness about the magnitude of the epidemic, and the issues and problems those affected face every day. In New York City, various community agencies united to send a message to Mayor Guliani. The message was that, for those living with AIDS,
Questions and answers of what the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) signifies for those living with AIDS are given. An explanation of how the law protects those with disabilities from discrimination in education, social service, and employment is provided. HIV is considered by law to be a disability and, therefore
Banda MA; International Council of AIDS Service Organizations, Southern; Africa, Lusaka, Zambia.; ambia.
There are approximately one million children affected with AIDS and another two million are estimated to be orphaned because of AIDS. These children are affected emotionally, psychologically, socially, and economically. Children with AIDS have been predominantly infected prenatally. AIDS takes a more aggressive course
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ), a common virus of the herpes family, is generally sexually transmitted and affects the retina and various other organs. Ganciclovir, produced by Syntex, is one of two treatments used to control CMV. Foscavir is used when ganciclovir fails.
Kemeny M; University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los; Angeles, CA.
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) focuses on the connection between the mind and the body. This area of investigation concentrates on ways in which the mind and brain communicate with the immune system. U.S. psychologists, George Solomon and Robert Ader, demonstrated in animals that tension can damage immune functions. Toda
Bowers D; Pacific Oaks Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA.
Fighting AIDS is like battling a war on various fronts. As AIDS patients live longer, they become weary and lose weight. This is not due to insufficient calorie intake, but rather due to the body using protein reserves, and wasting muscle tissue. Replacing calories using dietary supplements adds fats, but the muscle m
Choosing a Travesty, a theatrical production, deals with homosexuals and AIDS with dignity and compassion. It tells the story of Carlos, his arrival in the United States , and his contact with AIDS through his lover Alejandro. In his story, author Reconco carries a message of education
Combination antiretroviral treatments, especially triple combinations, are often talked about, but rarely used. Laboratory studies are showing that some combination results are better, or worse, than might have been predicted, in suppressing HIV in laboratory cultures. Some studies have also suggested that it is bette
Poscher M; University of California San Francisco, Medical Center, San; Francisco, CA.
Margaret Poscher, M.D., Assistant Clinical Professor at the University of California Medical Center, and Director of HIV Clinical Services at the University of California Mt. Zion, speaks favorably about combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV disease. She foresees
Hoffmann-La Roche has announced details of the Invirase International Compassionate Treatment Program, which will distribute saquinavir (brand name, Invirase), a protease inhibitor. Saquinavir will be made available to 2,280 U.S. patients w
Inexpensive potential treatments are available for wasting syndrome in AIDS, and early experience suggests that most patients can be successfully treated by using one or another of them. This may mean that only a few patients will need expensive treatments, such as human growth hormone or total parenteral nutrition (T
Advances in organ and cell transplantation, and in basic immunology, are increasing the possibility of transplantation of organs or cells from animals to humans. Baboon immune cells are resistant to HIV infection. If the cells can survive transplantation to humans, they might conceivably provide immunological resistan
Stanford University is asking individuals who have used NAC (N-acetylcysteine) for at least three months to complete a survey for use in their scientific study. The Stanford study has given NAC or placebo to about sixty volunteers in a double-blind trial for over a year. The researchers are about to break the blind an
Poscher M; University of California San Francisco, Medical Center, San; Francisco, CA.
In a two-part interview with AIDS Treatment News (ATN), Margaret Poscher, M.D., discusses treatment strategies, including her use of combination antiretrovirals and managed care. When asked what to do for individuals who have never been on treatment but have had a sudden dramatic drop in CD4, Dr. Poscher suggests tryi
The controversial Communications Decency Act of 1995, frequently referred to as the Exon amendment after its author, Sen. James Exon of Nebraska, may prove to be a threat to AIDS prevention and activism. The measure, an amendment to the Telecommunications Competition and Deregulation Act of 1995, passed the Senate and
AIDS research funding advances our understanding of the immune system, which is critically important in many other diseases, including cancer and autoimmune conditions. However, it takes time for AIDS research benefits to be applied to other diseases. An example of AIDS research being helpful in the treatment of other
Cryptosporidiosis, caused by a microscopic parasite, can be a life-threatening disease in persons with immune deficiency. It is spread by contaminated water, as well as by contact with infected persons or animals. The risk from water came to national attention in 1993, when over 400,000 people got cryptosporidiosis fr
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 4;(no 228):1-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700663
Conant M
Dr. Marcus Conant presents his views on new antiretroviral strategies in an interview with AIDS Treatment News. Dr. Conant discusses the diagnostic advances in determining the stage of HIV infection, including viral load testing; explains which initial antiviral therapies he would use first when confronted with diseas
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 4;(no 228):4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700664
Glaxo Wellcome has adjusted its expanded-access program for 3TC to a total of 650 new participants per week, instead of only 350. Participants must have CD4 counts under 300, and patients with CD4 counts u
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 4;(no 228):4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700665
James JS
Medi-Cal will pay for human growth hormone through the Serono treatment IND starting Aug 1, 1995. Eligible patients must have AIDS-related wasting with a loss of at least ten percent of body weight, be eighteen years of age or older, and have failed treatment with either Megace or Marinol.
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 4;(no 228):4-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700666
A trial at Beth Israel Hospital of Boston is seeking eighteen volunteers for a new HIV treatment vaccine. The vaccine is a peptide found in HIV, is chemically synthesized, is not from live HIV, and appears to be safe. The 68-week placebo-controlled study is called HIV Lipopeptide Immunotherapeutic in HIV-1 Seropositiv
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 4;(no 228):5-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700667
James JS
The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) will hold a public workshop on September 6-7, 1995, in Bethesda, Maryland, focusing on the difficulties of designing confirmatory trials to use after accelerated approval of a drug. The author contends that the workshop addresses the wrong issues
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 4;(no 228):6-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700668
James JS
Eleven principles, primarily to get treatments to patients faster or to avoid changing the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) in ways people do not want, are presented as ways for reforming the FDA. The introduction and summary of a consensus statement, written by five AIDS activists,
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 18;(no 229):1-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700669
James JS
The problems inherent in confirmatory trials to prove clinical benefit of drugs are discussed and a trial design is proposed which uses symptom reduction, instead of death or AIDS-defining infection, as a primary indicator for determining drug efficacy. The symptom-reduction trial is described, followed by discussions
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 18;(no 229):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700670
The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has issued a warning that persons with HIV or with liver disease, should avoid eating raw oysters because of the risk of infection with Vibrio vulnificus bacteria. Eating oysters from reputable sources does not eliminate the risk; only proper coo
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 18;(no 229):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700671
Mirken B
Congress has created conflicting amendments to the Communications Decency Act, an amendment to the telecommunications deregulation bill. The Senate amendment contains sweeping language barring objectionable communications online. Observers fear this will block online distribution of AIDS prevention information as well
AIDS Treat News. 1995 Aug 18;(no 229):7-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700672
Roehr B
AIDS advocates are viewing the House s elimination of the separate line item for AIDS research in the National Institutes of Health s (NIH) budget, and the Office of AIDS Research s (OAR) authority to coordinate NIH s AIDS research as a long-term threat to the coherence and rational planning of the NIH AIDS research p
AIDS Alert. 1995 Aug;10(8):97-100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700720
At a recent seminar on pain management in Atlanta, researchers reported that health care providers do poorly when it comes to recognizing and managing the pain suffered by patients with AIDS. This lack of adequate attention is reflected in the lack of relevant studies about pain management in the medical literature. A
AIDS Alert. 1995 Aug;10(8):100-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700721
Hoffmann-La Roche and Agouron Pharmaceuticals are establishing large clinical studies in the United States of their protease inhibitors . La Roche is set to
AIDS Alert. 1995 Aug;10(8):101-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700722
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that immunocompromised people avoid exposure to cryptosporidium in outbreak settings by drinking water that is boiled, filtered, or bottled. A parasite, cryptosporidium is spread when persons ingest infected feces of humans or animals, or eat raw or under
AIDS Alert. 1995 Aug;10(8):103-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700723
Two recent studies conclude that many state Medicaid programs should modify limitations on health care coverage for AIDS patients. A study sponsored by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research found that fixed payment programs offered by many state programs can discourage hospitals from admitting Medicaid recipi
AIDS Alert. 1995 Aug;10(8):105-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700724
The Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) has developed a new protocol that will use viral load measurements as a predictor of HIV disease progression in making treatment decisions. The two-year trial involves up to 1,100 HIV-positive patients and is expected to begin August, 1995. Although other st
AIDS Alert. 1995 Aug;10(8):107-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700726
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has begun accepting tuberculosis respirators for a recently approved testing and certification process. The new process paves the way for a new line of respirators that will be cheaper and more comfortable than the currently required high-efficiency par
AIDS Alert. 1995 Aug;10(8):108. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700727
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) recently approved a suspension formulation of atovaquone (Mepron) for treating mild to moderate cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients intolerant of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). The liquid form offers better bi
AIDS Alert. 1995 Aug;10(8):suppl 1-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700728
Two years after the breakthrough study, ACTG 076, showed that zidovudine ( AZT ) therapy can dramatically reduce HIV transmission from mother to child, the U.S. Public Health Service has issued guidelines for health care workers that stress non-directiv
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):1, 11-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700753
The Senate voted July 27 to reauthorize the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act for another five years. Senator Jesse Helms, R-N.C., offered several amendments to cap funding for the program and to make it difficult for gay men to receive Federal money for care or treatment services. Three of
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):1, 6-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700754
A Federal judge, Clarence C. Newcomer, has ruled that people who seek Social Security benefits cannot at the same time assert that they are qualified to work under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The Philadelphia-based judge based his ruling on the case of Leonard McNemar. Mr. McNemar, a Disney store employ
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700755
A Federal appeals court has determined that an insurer acted properly in refusing to pay life insurance benefits to the survivor of a man with AIDS who fraudulently obtained the insurance. The Eleventh U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said the late Anthony C. Fioretti fraudulently obtained the policy from Massachusetts G
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700756
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has sued Prevo Markets Inc. in Michigan following a produce clerk s termination for refusing to provide medical documentation of his condition. After the clerk, Stephen Sharp, informed Prevo of his HIV-status, he was transferred the next day to the shipping/receiving
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):4-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700757
Dr. Peter G. Mozsary, charged with denying service to a patient with AIDS, has failed in his attempt to change the venue from Federal District Court to an arbitration panel. The California dentist was sued for violating the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Dr. Mozsary argued that the matter involved malpractice
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700758
A Federal judge dismissed most portions of a lawsuit filed by a prison inmate who was misdiagnosed with AIDS, but will send to trial his claim that his segregation to a special prison AIDS unit violated Section 504 of the Federal Rehabilitation Act. The Rehabilitation Act prohibits federally-funded state programs from
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):7-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700759
Case law generally favors employers over plaintiffs when persons suing under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) have applied for disability insurance or workers compensation. One notable exception is Smith v. Dovenmuehle Mortgage Inc., in which a U.S. District judge ruled that a plaintiff with AIDS, receiving
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700760
A Federal judge in Illinois has upheld an administrative law judge s finding that an HIV-positive drug user who supported himself through illegal means was not entitled to Social Security Income (SSI) disability benefits. The applicant, Gregory Gardner, alleged he had become disabled through chronic alcohol and drug u
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700761
An investigation by the Institute of Medicine has found that Federal public health experts failed to protect Americans from HIV-tainted blood products during the 1980 s. The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) was especially faulted for relying extensively on the advice of self-interes
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 11;10(14):10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700762
Along with the Ryan White CARE Act reauthorization, other major developments were happening on Capitol Hill concerning AIDS. Fiscal 1995 funding for the Housing Opportunities for People with AIDS (HOPWA) program was passed with a reduction of fifteen million dollars, or eight percent. The outlook for fiscal 1996 fundi
Rabkin JG; Remien RH; Columbia University, Medical Center, College of Physicians and; Surgeons, New York, NY.
A review of data on HIV and depression fails to show any direct cause-and-effect relationships between the two, despite the fact that clinical depression is the most commonly seen psychiatric disorder in patients with HIV infection. Most of the HIV-positive individuals with depressive disorders were found to have a hi
Victor BS; California Pacific Medical Center, AIDS Clinical Trials Unit; Subsite, San Francisco, CA.
Recent studies have suggested that serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI s), prescribed for the relief of depression, can cause sexual dysfunction in up to fifty percent of those taking them. The SSRI s--including fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil)--affect mood stabilization by promoting th
Levine C; Orphan Project: Families and Children in the HIV Epidemic, New; York, NY.
The clinical care of HIV-infected parents is enhanced by a comprehensive approach to the parent s needs, including concerns about the patient s childrens health, school and behavioral problems, financial benefits, housing, and legal issues. Tens of thousands of children in the United Stat
The National Minority AIDS Council will be hosting the first National AIDS Treatment Advocates Forum in Los Angeles in October, 1995. The forum will have nine update sessions, nine strategy sessions, and two sessions with the industry and government, affinity groups, and caucuses. The updates will provide basic inform
The House of Representatives subcommittee on Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and Related Agencies took steps to eliminate designated spending for AIDS research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). According to the committee chairman, no NIH institute would be required to perform A
Challenges facing efforts to control viral load are examined. These are as follows: 1) are good drugs available that can control HIV replication for a long period safely, without resistance; 2) are validated surrogate markers available to measure drug effects and disease progression; and 3) are the same markers used t
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):1, 9-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700784
The Fall 1995 session of Congress will consider legislative changes that could significantly impact the course of AIDS policy, care, treatment, and programs. Congress will deliberate on the future of Medicaid, Medicare, and welfare as part of a single package. The outcome could leave people with AIDS (PWAs) with sever
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):1, 8-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700785
The State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts has ruled that school-based condom distribution does not require parental consent. The decision marks the first time a State supreme court has endorsed condom distribution in public schools. Condoms have been available to public high school students in Fallmouth, MA si
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700786
The American Council of Life Insurers (ACLI) and the Health Insurance Association of America (HIAAA) report that 1994 showed the slowest rate of AIDS-related health and life insurance claims in nine years. Some reduction is attributable to improved medical management and coordination of services. However, the demograp
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):3-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700787
A U.S. District Court in Ohio found a hospital and an emergency room physician liable for discrimination under the Federal Rehabilitation Act because they denied care and admittance to an AIDS patient. Memorial Hospital, in Freemont, and one of its doctors, Charles Hull, paid monetary damages and were found to also be
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700788
A lawsuit was filed by an HIV-positive patient, William B. Fiske, against an Ohio hospital. The patient claims the Southern Ohio Medical Center emergency room surgeon denied him care because he is HIV-positive. The suit was filed on the basis of an Ohio statute that prohibits disability-based discrimination in public
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):4-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700789
A lawsuit filed by an HIV-positive surgical technician was dismissed by a Federal judge in Michigan. The judge determined that the hospital, Borgess Medical Center in Kalamazoo, could legally fire HIV-positive personnel because of potential risks posed during surgical procedures. The suit charged that the hospital s a
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700790
A Kentucky state appeals court ruled that a parent cannot be denied child custody based solely on HIV infection. HIV infection in a parent does not alone serve as grounds for modifying a custody order. The custody motion was filed when a father learned that his ex-wife had remarried a man who tested positive for HIV.
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700791
A $65,000 settlement was awarded to a former Houston machine shop employee who was terminated because he had AIDS. Following the claimant s AIDS-related leave of absence, the employer conducted a referendum among the co-workers to determine if the employee should be allowed to return to work. When 3 out of the 32 empl
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700792
Mandatory HIV testing of convicted sex offenders can be ordered by trial judges. In two separate California appeals court cases, the judges reached opposite conclusions regarding this testing. One court upheld the mandatory testing of a man convicted of rape. In another California case, regarding a convicted child mol
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700793
A recent study conducted in Philadelphia high schools found that school-based condom programs do not encourage sexual activity. Philadelphia high schools have made condoms available through a comprehensive school-based health resource center. Sixty-four percent of students questioned at the health centers reported eng
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700794
President Bill Clinton s Advisory Council on AIDS has urged the President to use his personal leadership to raise the level of public education, compassion, and concern about HIV/AIDS. The Council panel asked the President to make AIDS one of the most visible and continuing priorities of his presidency. The Council re
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700795
A Congressional proposal to restrict Federally-funded nonprofit corporations from lobbying or litigating has passed the House and awaits action in the Senate. Currently, nonprofit groups that receive Federal funding are prohibited from using these funds for the purpose of lobbying, but they may use private funds to sh
AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Aug 25;10(15):12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700796
Senator Nancy Landon Kassebaum, R-Kans., has proposed legislation that would implement the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for universal counseling and voluntary HIV-antibody testing of pregnant women. The proposal was tacked onto the Ryan White CARE Act reauthorization bill. Under the
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Aug;1(7):10-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700802
Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an increasingly common and severe complication of HIV infection that is associated with shortened survival. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, prevention guidelines, and treatment options for the disease are provided. Statistics given show estimates of AIDS or ARC p
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Aug;1(7):16-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700803
Pierce M; Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, AIDS Clinical Trials Unit,; Nashville, TN.
Mark Pierce, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Director of Infectious Disease Outpatient Services at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, provides his observations on some new directions in Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis. The USPHS/ISDA guidelines for the prevention of disseminated infection with MAC
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Aug;1(7):20-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700804
Archange YR; Carrey Z; Zanlungo PG; Mount Vernon Hospital, Mount Vernon, NY.
The author presents results of a study concerning clarithromycin prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in 57 adult patients with AIDS. Forty patients received 500 mg of clarithromycin two times a day by mouth as prophylaxis against disseminated MAC; seventeen patients received no medicatio
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Aug;1(7):25-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700805
Lange JMA; deJong MD; University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam,; Netherlands.
Some of the developments from the Fourth International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance, held in July 1995, are discussed. The following areas are summarized: antiretroviral therapy and the immune system; the structural and functional implications of antiretroviral drug resistance; identification of resistance to new a
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Aug;1(7):26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700806
The Sardinia Conference included a presentation on the virological results of a randomized, double-blind study that assessed the antiviral activity and tolerability of the HIV-proteinase inhibitor saquinavir (SQV), combined with zidovudine (ZDV), in totally antiretroviral naive patients. Results show SQV to have high
Protease inhibitors, a new class of anti-HIV medications, inhibit the actions of HIV protease, a compound necessary for proper HIV replication. When the actions of this protease are blocked, defective copies of HIV are made or new virus is not produced. These new medications are less damaging to cells than nucleoside
People with fewer than 50 T4 cells may register before August 11, 1995 to be considered for Crixivan , a protease inhibitor made by Merck. The registration number is 1-800-497-8383. Due to limited drug supply, a lottery will be necessary if more than 1
People with fewer than 50 T4 cells may be eligible to participate in a clinical trial examining three drugs administered singly or in combination. The drugs are Crixivan (MK-639), AZT
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ), a herpesvirus, can infect the eyes and cause CMV retinitis. Since CMV causes blindness if left untreated, treatment with ganciclovir (Cytovene) or foscarnet (Foscavir) should be initiated as soon as the disease is detected. These medicatio
The drug cidofovir, also known as HPMPC, is now in clinical trials. In earlier studies, cidofovir caused kidney damage (renal toxicity), although it also had strong anti- CMV activity. Of interest is that the second infusion of drug is equally effective as the fi
Sinclair T; Immune Enhancement Project, San Francisco, CA.
AIDS Treatment News presents its interview with Tom Sinclair about treating people with HIV using acupuncture and Chinese medicine. Sinclair responds to questions on finding a practitioner of these arts; whether to use a private practitioner or a clinic; what might be expected when paying for acupuncture; the use of h
A French study on hydroxyurea and ddI has shown good antiviral activity and CD4 count improvement in a 90-day trial with 12 patients who started with a high CD4 count. Only minor side effects were noted that might have been due to the hydroxyurea. Other studies are indicating that hydroxyurea may be more effective in
The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has authorized thalidomide in an expanded-access program for AIDS-related wasting. The New Jersey program will randomize patients to either 50 or 200 mg doses. Response will be measured after four weeks; those failing the lower dose can switch to
A correction is made concerning issue number 228 and Dr. Conant s interview, in which the dosage level of d4T was confusing to readers. Dr. Conant stated that he would go up as high as 80 mg of d4T per dose, not per day as the original article stated.
Chiron Corporation is sponsoring a San Francisco-based trial to observe viral load changes free of charge during various treatments. Information can be obtained by calling Healing Alternatives at (415)626-4053.
Major health insurance companies using typical 80/20 plans are negotiating huge discounts with doctors. This results in the companies paying much less than the eighty percent amount, and sometimes nothing at all. However, these companies use the eighty percent amounts to measure whether a person has reached their insu
Gary Redford, a hematology technician who became infected with HIV, recovered workers compensation benefits through an occupational disease theory claim. The technician punctured his palm on a blood analysis machine at SmithKline Beecham s blood lab and did not report the incident to his supervisor. After developing
A Federal judge in Ohio set precedent in August of 1995 when she ruled that a criminal defendant with symptomatic HIV disease is eligible for a reduced sentence because AIDS is considered an extraordinary physical impairment. The ruling does not apply to symptom-free HIV-positive defendants. The defendant, Carlo Strea
In August of 1995, a former aide filed a discrimination complaint against Rep. Barbara-Rose Collins, D-Mich., on the basis of fear of AIDS. The complaint, based on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), marked the first time a member of Congress was found liable for discriminating against an employee on the basis
A former executive at the Gordon Phillips School of Beauty Culture has filed a lawsuit alleging that the school identifies employees who have higher than average health-care costs and then initiates a harassment campaign against these employees. According to the executive, Robert Rychalsky, the school president discus
The North Carolina Supreme Court sustained the first-degree murder conviction of a defendant found guilty of the murder and mutilation of an HIV-positive gay man. The defense counsel asked for a new trial because the county judge, who convicted the defendant but disagreed with the death penalty recommendation made by
A Federal jury in Philadelphia awarded five thousand dollars to a defendant whose constitutional rights were violated when police forced him to undergo an HIV-antibody test. During an arrest for car theft in Upper Merion Township, PA, the defendant bled on several officers. Police obtained a warrant to test the defend
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has been successful in resolving discrimination cases that involve HIV/AIDS. Half of the cases the EEOC has taken to court under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) have been settled out of court. Over 900 claims of disability-based employment discrimination rel
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has resolved a variety of cases in the areas of denied medical benefits and termination of employment. In Seattle, WA, a stipulation and order of dismissal was filed in the case of an employee who was terminated because he has AIDS. In another case, a defendant placed
The Massachusetts House of Representatives will vote on a bill that would grant medical parole for prisoners with AIDS and other terminal illnesses. Currently, Massachusetts has no policy of early parole solely for medical reasons. The bill has already passed the State senate, and is seen as essential given the rise i
AIDS Alert. 1995 Sep;10(9):109-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700830
Interaction between health agencies, community groups, AIDS patients, and the U.S Public Health Service has finally resulted in the creation of the first comprehensive guide for preventing AIDS-related opportunistic infections. Hundreds of drug studies were sorted through to assess which drugs prevented opportunistic
AIDS Alert. 1995 Sep;10(9):111-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700831
Dr. Bernard Bihari, an AIDS specialist practicing in New York City, and other members of the Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA), have determined that some of the Public Health Services s recommendations for preventing opportunistic infections do not match the standards of care that the CPCRA deve
AIDS Alert. 1995 Sep;10(9):112, 117-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700832
Some influential AIDS educators have begun to condone, or at least not condemn, unprotected oral sex within the gay community. This shift is due to the possible backfiring of AIDS education, perhaps leading to an abandonment of all efforts to practice safe sex. One approach encouraged is called negotiated safety, invo
AIDS Alert. 1995 Sep;10(9):118-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700833
A case involving a Maine dentist who refused to fill a cavity in an HIV-positive woman at his dental office took another step towards becoming the first HIV discrimination case under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) to go before a jury. After the dentist offered to treat the patient in the hospital, at her ex
AIDS Alert. 1995 Sep;10(9):119-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700834
Three drug companies have submitted applications to the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) for expanded labeling of their products, including Bristol-Myers Squibb s d4T (
AIDS Alert. 1995 Sep;10(9):suppl 1-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700835
A guideline has been developed for health care workers to assist in advising clients about the risk of having unprotected oral sex in terms of contracting HIV infection. Although this practice is much safer than having unprotected anal sex, there is still some risk of infection. Ways of prioritizing sex behaviors and
Recent developments in the treatment of CMV retinitis are highlighted, including new methods of administering ganciclovir, and use of a new parenteral agent, cidofovir (also called HPMPC). An intraocular ganciclovir sustained-release device has been developed an
A case history is presented of an HIV-infected female patient with a recurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and contraindications to use of most drugs for PCP, including pentamidine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), clindamycin, primaquine, and dapsone. Treatment alternatives discussed address risk
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Sep;1(8):10-20, 22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700849
Mascolini M
The debate of monotherapy vs. combination therapy during the July 25th-27th Consensus Symposium on Combined Antiviral Therapy is discussed. Specific topics addressed at the Lisbon conference included whether the protease inhibitor,
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Sep;1(8):23-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700850
Cockerell CJ; University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
The following major forms of neoplastic disorders which may develop in patients with HIV disease are examined: epithelial, lymphoreticular, vascular, smooth muscle, and melanocytic. Each disorder is discussed in terms of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, histopathology, laboratory findings, diff
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Sep;1(8):31-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700851
Barnes M; AIDS Action Council, Washington, DC.
Suggestions and examples are provided for effective ways to win over the new majority in Congress on the issue of HIV/AIDS funding. Based on the notion that most members of Congress have some connection to HIV disease through their own families or social circles, members would therefore have some intuitive, personal u
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Sep;1(8):33-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700852
Gostin LO; Georgetown / Johns Hopkins Program on Law and Public Health,; Baltimore, MD.
Physician liability risks concerning confidentiality of HIV-infected patients, ethical issues surrounding the duty to inform, and questions confronting the physician in the right-to-know debate are discussed. Ethical guidelines for protecting the privacy of persons with HIV infection as well as the political and legal
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Sep;1(8):37-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700853
In September 1995, Hoffmann-LaRoche submitted its protease inhibitor Invirase (saquinavir) to the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) for approval. Clinical data are showing saquinavir is unlikely to cause cross-resistance to most compounds in its
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Sep;1(8):38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700854
Funding for an AIDS vaccine developed in Japan is now undermined because the pharmaceutical company developing it issued a false rumor to bolster its stock price and reduce its financial burden by approximately $17 million. Professor Kenji Okuda, one of Japan s leading HIV researche
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Sep;1(8):38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700855
In early 1996, Abbott Pharmaceutical plans to establish a global compassionate use program for Ritonavir (ABT-538), its candidate protease inhibitor for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Fifteen hundred people with advanced AIDS will be enrolled in the progr
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 1995 Sep;1(8):38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96700856
Unimed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced it acquired rights to develop and market two products for the treatment of testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) in men. Phase II trials are expected to begin in early 1996. Products facilitate the administration of testosterone through a topical gel formulated with testosterone
A controversy has arisen over SPV-30, an all-natural herbal extract from France , which is claimed to have a positive impact on CD4 and CD8 counts, and viral load. Early results of a U.S. study of SPV-30 by Doctors Beth E. Mestman and David Stokes are showing decreases in viral load
Glaxo Wellcome has initiated a pacing program for 3TC by limiting enrollment to 350 people per week; as of August 15th, 650 new patients will be accepted per week. CD4-cell entry criteria will revert to 30
Chiron Corporation has joined ranks with Hoffman-La Roche to market a new drug, a ganciclovir implant inserted into the eye, for treatment of CMV retinitis. Clinical trials show positive results, including being free from infection for a median of eight months.
Astra USA has received marketing approval of injectable foscarnet for treatment of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus. It should be used three times per day and initiated within seven to ten days after clinical acyclovir failure. Astra USA, the manufacturer, will be conducting
A topical formulation of Interferon alfa-n3 (Alernon N Gel) is in clinical trials for HIV-infected women who are co-infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) and who have persistent cervical dysplasia. A study will compare use of the gel in combination with surgery, versus surgery alone.
Nontuberculosis mycobacterial infection (NTM) has become a common opportunistic infection, requiring approximately 24 months of multidrug treatment. The similarities of the symptoms to other common HIV-related diseases make it difficult to diagnosis. There are an estimated 15,000 new cases reported each year in person
Nucleotide analogues are new drugs which are claimed to have a number of treatment benefits for AIDS patients. The nucleotide analogues have greater drug activity, less chance of resistance developing, and a more stable structure that terminates viral replication more efficiently by incorporation of the drug into vira
The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has given thalidomide orphan drug status for treatment of oral and esophageal ulcers in persons with advanced HIV disease. Celgene , the drug s manufacturer, is currently performing trials for its efficacy in
PCM-4, a substance well known in Europe and sold over-the-counter as a food supplement in the U.S., may soon receive Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) permission to begin Phase-III clinical trials for use in HIV-positive and cancer patients. PCM-4 is said to work as an immunomodulato
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that a person with both HIV and tuberculosis (TB) infection is thirty times more likely to become ill with TB than a person with TB infection alone. It has been reported that a remarkable increase in P24 antigen levels exists in those with
Congressional debates over HIV-antibody testing for pregnant women and the risk of transmission to their unborn infants involve reauthorization of the Ryan White Care Act and affect the renewal of AIDS-education funding. Representative Tom Coburn has attached an amendment for mandatory testing of all newborns. Mandato
Paxton WB; Corning Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA.
HIV viral markers, such as p24 antigen and viral RNA, measure how much virus is present. Studies are showing a relationship between RNA levels and clinical outcomes, which can help doctors evaluate the efficacy of drug therapy. Eventually, it is believed, RNA will replace T-cell counts as the marker of choice. The cha
The importance of vaccination against viral hepatitis, the virus s relationship to HIV, and each type of identified virus are explained. Additional information covers how each of the five types of hepatitis is transmitted. Particular attention is given to dual infection with HIV and hepatitis B, and ways hepatitis B c
Protease inhibitor s virtues and problems in combating HIV are discussed. How protease inhibitors work, what is being done to forestall HIV resistance to them, and their side effects are explained. Case study highlights of patient s experiences with various inhibito
Two little-known Federal programs that can benefit some disabled HIV-positive people are explained. Wartime veterans are eligible to claim unreimbursed medical expenses, and disabled individuals, or people caring for disabled individuals, are eligible for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Interested parties can ask
The 35th annual Inter-Science Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), held in September 1995, included about twenty percent of its presentations on topics relevant to AIDS. As a result of ICAAC, protease inhibitors used to treat HIV infection we
A protease inhibitor, AG 1343, is in development by Agouron Pharmaceuticals. Preliminary studies using different doses showed that AG 1343 ( Viracept ) is well tolerated, with small to moderate side effects; that alm
The protease inhibitor developed by Hoffmann-LaRoche, saquinavir, is currently in large-scale clinical trials at a dose of 1,800 mg per day. In an attempt to increase the bioavailable levels of the drug, another study is being conducted comparing doses of 3,600 and 7,200 mgs per day. Both doses significantly decreased
The combination of Abbott s ritonavir and Roche s saquinavir, two protease inhibitors , must be used with caution. The saquinavir dose must be drastically reduced, but by how much is not yet known. I
A 90-patient trial comparing different doses of saquinavir, Hoffmann-LaRoche s new protease inhibitor, is enrolling patients in Boston, Galveston, Jackson County MO, Jefferson County AL, New York City, and Portland OR. Subjects, who will be randomized to one of four dose levels, must be eighteen or older, have a CD4 c
In September, the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) clinical trials workshop proposed the development of symptom-reduction trials. Participants in these trials must have a certain, carefully chosen indicator symptom, a symptom or condition believed to be caused by immune deficiency o
Potential changes to Medicaid, based on legislation under development, could be extremely serious for persons with HIV and other major illness. It is proposed that funding will be given to states in the form of block grants, which the states can spend as they like. Information is given on how people can help prevent h
The San Francisco AIDS Foundation is calling on the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) for quick approval of the New Drug Applications for Glaxo Wellcome s saquinavir, and Hoffman-LaRoche s 3TC , for treatment of HIV i
Hoffman LaRoche and Merck have agreed to expand enrollment in their Invirase and Crixivan programs if the drug availability increases. The Roche program offers Invirase to HIV-positive individuals with CD4 cell c
At a meeting with community treatment advocates in Chicago, Abbott Laboratories agreed to expand its access program for ritonavir (ABT-538). A complete patient eligibility profile for enrollment in the open label
New data presented at the Fourth HIV Drug Resistance Workshop in Italy suggest that treatment with Invirase (saquinavir) does not cause cross-resistance to other protease inhibitors , includin
In April 1995, Glaxo Wellcome limited enrollment to their experimental anti-HIV drug 3TC trial, to 350 people with CD4 counts under 100. Those interested in enrollment should call (800)248-9757. All applic
On July 14, 1995, the Food and Drug Administration s ( FDA ) Biological Response Modifiers Advisory Committee allowed activist Jeff Getty to receive a bone marrow transplant from a baboon. Many believe chances for success are small, and some suggest that active or latent pathogens that
MediCal will now provide reimbursement for the recombinant human growth hormone (Serostim) from Serono Laboratories through an Food and Drug Administration ( FDA )-sanctioned Treatment Investigational New Drug program. The drug has shown promise in the treatment of AIDS-related wasting.
Two studies are evaluating Pharmacia, Inc. s rifabutin for efficacy in preventing tuberculosis (TB); one international study involving 2,000 participants will test its preventive abilities; and the other will test its effectiveness in preventing TB among anergic injection drug users. Rifabutin is already FDA-approved
The Durable Medical Equipment Regional Carriers has recommended excluding ganciclovir, acyclovir , and vancomycin from the list of Medicare-covered drugs. Only drugs infused by a pump, as indicated in the drug s product labeling, will be covered. IV ganciclovir is not covered, ev
A study by the San Francisco Department of Public Health has determined that the city s water supply was an unlikely source of cryptosporidiosis, an AIDS-defining condition in people with HIV infection. Two government agencies in 1995, however, said that drinking tap water could kill Americans with weakened immune sys
The House Appropriations Committee has rescinded its decision to give the National Institutes of Health s (NIH) Office of AIDS Research (OAR) authority over how $1 billion in AIDS research funds should be allocated throughout the Institutes. There is concern that this decision will harm AIDS research by shifting budge
Bowers M; Project Inform, HIV Treatment Hotline, San Francisco, CA.
Advances in ganciclovir and foscarnet therapies for treating cytomegalovirus retinitis, including ocular implants and injections, alternating use of foscarnet and ganciclovir, oral ganciclovir use, cidofovir treatment, and injecting either ganciclovir or foscarnet directly into aff
Romeyn M; St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco, CA.
The role of vitamins and minerals in helping to reduce the symptoms of HIV infection are reviewed. Vitamins, including niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, and vitamins D and K, which are not helpful in large amounts for persons with HIV infection, are also discussed, The role of antioxidants is discussed, as is the issu
Levin J; National AIDS Treatment Advocacy Project, San Francisco, CA.
Glaxo Wellcome presented results from evaluation studies on their new protease drug, VX-478, at the Consensus Symposium on Combined Antiviral Therapy in 1995. Results show that VX-478 appears to be synergistic with Roche s Invirase (s
The causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and recent research findings of vaginal infections in HIV-infected women are discussed. Three common types of vaginitis are addressed: vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis. The prevalence of candidiasis is an important indicator of HIV disease severity
The recently released concept paper on Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) reform from Republican Senator, Nancy Kassebaum, is reviewed. Senator Kassebaum chairs the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources that will influence the Senate s action on FDA reform. The paper outlines
Baker R; Delaney M; Getty J; Grinberg L; Levin J; Project Inform, San Francisco, CA.
A policy statement on the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) is presented that is endorsed by the San Francisco AIDS Foundation, the National AIDS Treatment Advocacy Project, and ACT-UP/Golden Gate. The statement addresses improving compassionate access; accelerating approval refineme
Information about newly-opened clinical trials that involve treatments for HIV infection; cryptosporidiosis-associated diarrhea; malignancies and cancers; wasting and myopathy; immune enhancement; and treatment options for children, adolescents, and women are presented. Additional information is available by calling t
Newly publicized trial data are showing that hydroxyurea has strong anti-HIV activity, especially when combined with ddI, which has led to the opening of new trials testing the hydroxyurea/ddI combination. Hydroxyurea s purported mechanism of action against HIV is to inhibit a cellular enzyme, ribonucleotide reductase
Descriptions and entry criteria for three expanded access programs for experimental drugs used in treating AIDS patients are provided. The programs involve use of Abbott Laboratories protease inhibitor, ritonavir ; Hoffman-La Roche s protease inhibito
Recent information on the compounds that inhibit cellular enzymes to suppress HIV and increase the antiviral activity of nucleoside analogs, such as AZT or ddI, is examined. Specific drugs addressed include didox, trimidox, fluorouracil, floxuridine,
An overview of the Fourth International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance held in 1995 is presented. Topics concern the dual resistance to AZT and 3TC , viral resistance to
Researchers are investigating ways in which HIV becomes resistant to drugs, and how to take advantage of HIV s aptitude for resistance. These approaches are proving productive in the area of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), a powerful class of drugs particularly susceptible to immediate HIV re
Presentation highlights are provided from the Nineteenth International Congress on Chemotherapy in Montreal. Some of the new data on anti-HIV therapeutics include phase I/II data on Agouron s protease inhibitor AG1343; information on the new protease inhibitor palinavir PRO2000 (a gp120/CD4 binding inhibitor); and lip
It is argued that viral load may be an unreliable marker in individual patients. Researchers suggest that more must be known about the variability of assays, like polymerase chain reactions, before they are used to manage patient care. Currently, there is very little published data on the stability of viral load in in
A phase I/II dose-ranging study of nitazoxanide (NTZ), a new drug for cryptosporidiosis, is opening this month at Cornell/New York Hospital. Previous rodent studies have shown NTZ had greater anti-cryptosporidiosis activity than paromomycin, at substantially lower doses, and a Malian trial (500mg twice daily) showed c
A nationwide, eleven-site study has begun that uses injectable peptide T for HIV-associated cognitive impairment. The twelve-week, placebo-controlled study will measure peptide T s ability to help neurocognitive impairment by reducing brain levels of TNF-alpha, an immune system stimulant present in high levels during
A glossary is presented of AIDS medical terms. The glossary is in strict alphabetical order and includes drugs, treatments, opportunistic diseases, and types of cells related to AIDS and HIV.
Walker G; Ackerman Institute, AIDS and Families Program, New York, NY.
An alternative treatment strategy for HIV-positive, drug-using women that incorporates harm reduction and outlines a case management approach is proposed. This non-blaming approach fosters support by building family relations. Rates of drug use among women have skyrocketed in the past decade. Traditional shame-based d
Thirteen references to treatment centers for HIV-positive, drug-dependent women are provided. Contact numbers for medical professionals and additional information for various states, including Illinois, California, Maryland, and New York, are listed.
Traditional alcohol and drug abuse services can be traced back to the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous and the Synanon Foundation. These organizations incorporate peer counseling, self-help, and therapeutic community approaches. Feminists claim that these and other conventional recovery programs were designed for and
Pharm World Sci. 1995 Nov 24;17(6):218-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96169674
Burger DM; Kraayeveld CL; Meenhorst PL; Mulder JW; Hoetelmans RM; Koks CH; Beijnen JH; Department of Pharmacy, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
It has been hypothesized that didanosine has a low efficacy in the prevention and treatment of patients with the dementia complex of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) because ... the drug has not been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. We investigated didanosine concentra
Reik RA; Rodriguez MM; Hensley GT; Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine,; FL 33101, USA.
Thirty autopsies performed on infants and children with HIV infection and/or AIDS were reviewed for the presence and type of infection. Twenty-six (87%) demonstrated evidence of infection in addition to HIV at the time of postmortem examination. Pathogenic bacterial infectious were the most frequently encountered, see
Jevon GP; Elavathil LJ; Harnish DG; deSa DJ; Department of Pathology, McMaster University Medical Center,; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
In developed countries the majority of adolescent children show serological evidence of past Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. This virus is associated with non-Hodgkin s lymphomas in immunocompromised children, but the relationship of EBV DNA to these tumors in children without documented immunodeficiency has not b
Gunter KC; Children's National Medical Center, Department of Laboratory; Medicine, Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA.
Viral infection is a well-known risk of blood product transfusion and much work has been devoted to the detection of such well-known pathogens as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis viruses in blood donors. Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) is found in a much larger
Rensing-Ehl A; Hess S; Ziegler-Heitbrock HW; Riethmuller G; Engelmann H; Institute for Immunology, University of Munich, Germany.
Fas antigen/Apo-1 (Fas) and the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) are two related cell surface molecules that induce apoptosis in susceptible cells. With regard to their cytoplasmic homology region, we investigated whether Fas like the TNF-R activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), using human SV80 fibr
Kaslow RA; Carrington M; Apple R; Park L; Munoz A; Saah AJ; Goedert JJ; Winkler C; O'Brien SJ; Rinaldo C; Detels R; Blattner W; Phair J; Erlich H; Mann DL; University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health,; Department of Epidemiology, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes (HLA in humans) regulate the immune response to foreign antigens. Molecular and serologic techniques were used to identify products of HLA class I, class II and transporter (TAP) genes (also part of the MHC) in homosexual seroconverters to human immunodeficiency virus type
Paxton WA; Martin SR; Tse D; O'Brien TR; Skurnick J; VanDevanter NL; Padian N; Braun JF; Kotler DP; Wolinsky SM; Koup RA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, New York 10016,; USA.
Some individuals remain uninfected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) despite multiple high-risk sexual exposures. We studied a cohort of 25 subjects with histories of multiple high-risk sexual exposures to HIV-1 and found that their CD8+ lymphocytes had greater anti-HIV-1 activity than did CD8+ lymphocy
Cell. 1996 Feb 23;84(4):543-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96178467
Martin WD; Hicks GG; Mendiratta SK; Leva HI; Ruley HE; Van Kaer L; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and; Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville,; Tennessee 37232, USA.
H2-M is a nonconventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule that has been implicated in the loading of peptides onto conventional class II molecules. We generated mice with a targeted mutation in the H2-Ma gene, which encodes a subunit for H2-M. Although the mutant mice express normal class II c
Cell. 1996 Feb 23;84(4):551-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96178468
Amakawa R; Hakem A; Kundig TM; Matsuyama T; Simard JJ; Timms E; Wakeham A; Mittruecker HW; Griesser H; Takimoto H; Schmits R; Shahinian A; Ohashi P; Penninger JM; Mak TW; Amgen Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of; Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
CD30 is found on Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin s disease and on a variety of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma cells and is up-regulated on cells after Epstein-Barr virus, human T cell leukemia virus, and HIV infections. We report here that the thymus in CD30-deficient mice contains elevate
Int J Cancer. 1996 Mar 1;65(5):569-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96178417
Chen YM; Lin HC; Chou P; Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University,; Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Kinmen is a group of small islands located between Taiwan and Fu-Kien Province of mainland China . The general population in Kinmen are descendants of immigrants from mainland China who began arriv
Detilleux JC; Kehrli ME Jr; Freeman AE; Whetstone CA; Kelley DH; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011,; USA.
Environmental and genetic factors affecting prevalences of antibodies to bovine leukosis virus and bovine immunodeficiency-like virus were studied on 137 periparturient Holstein cows selected for milk production. Environmental effects were obtained by logistic regression, and genetic parameters were determined using t
Stack JA; Bell SJ; Burke PA; Forse RA; Surgical Metabolism Laboratory, Deaconess Hospital, Cancer; Research Institute, Boston, MA,02215, USA.
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the use of high-energy, high-protein, oral, liquid, nutrition supplementation and nutrition counseling on the weight status of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with and without secondary infections. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive, intervention trial. Follow-up clin
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):153-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/J04148
Williams NS; Engelhard VH; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of; Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):27-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96108840
Dan Y; Katakura Y; Ametani A; Kaminogawa S; Asano Y; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of; Tokyo, Japan.
A subset of type 2, but not type 1, CD4 T cell clones expresses IL-3R and can be stimulated by IL-3. Expression of IL-3R on these type 2 T cell clones is induced by TCR stimulation, and subsequent stimulation by IL-3 augmented the proliferation of and IL-4 production by these cells. This augmented response is inhibite
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):310-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96108876
Laberge S; Cruikshank WW; Beer DJ; Center DM; Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118,; USA.
At sites of inflammation, mononuclear cells are in close contact with aggregated platelets. Although the physiologic role of this association is not clear, this proximity suggests that platelet-derived mediators may play a role in chemoattraction of T lymphocytes. In the current study we investigated serotonin recepto
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):35-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96108841
Gelfanov V; Gelfanova V; Lai YG; Liao NS; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Republic; of China.
CD8 single-positive (CD8+) T cells in murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) consist of alpha alpha-CD8+ and alpha beta-CD8+ subpopulations. Cytotoxicity represents an important function of peripheral CD8+ T cells, so we examined perforin-granzymebased and FAs-based cytotoxicity of activated CD8+ iIEL ev
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):360-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96108883
Collette Y; Chang HL; Cerdan C; Chambost H; Algarte M; Mawas C; Imbert J; Burny A; Olive D; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; U-119/Institut Paoli Calmette, Marseille, France.
HIV-1 infection is associated with a progressive and functional decline in the CD4+ lymphoid Th1 subset. Here, we propose that the HIV nef gene product may function as a specific regulator of Th1 cytokine production. By use of a T cell-specific inducible expression system, we show that upon T cell activation, induced
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):380-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96108885
Li H; Kaufman CL; Boggs SS; Johnson PC; Patrene KD; Ildstad ST; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Evidence in experimental models suggest that many autoimmune diseases can be prevented by transplantation of bone marrow from disease-resistant donors. For potential clinical application, it would be important to avoid the morbidity and mortality associated with lethal conditioning and achieve mixed chimerism using le
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):56-63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96108844
Lederer JA; Liou JS; Kim S; Rice N; Lichtman AH; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; 02115, USA.
In most cell types, NF-kappa B is activated by release from a cytoplasmic inhibitor protein, I kappa B, followed by its translocation to the nucleus where it binds to the regulatory regions of many genes, including the IL-2 gene in T lymphocytes. We have previously sho
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):73-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96108846
Maeda H; Shiraishi A; Biological Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
In previous reports, we showed that tumor-derived TGF-beta induced overproduction of IL-10, and these suppressive cytokines caused macrophage suppression in EL4-bearing mice. Proliferation of T cells from EL-4, but not IL-2 , whereas T cells from normal mice were respon
Turner BJ; Markson L; Taroni F; Division of General Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson; University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
We compared the relative contribution to estimating survival after AIDS diagnosis of a clinical severity measure, the Severity Index for Adults with AIDS (SIAA), and laboratory values at AIDS diagnosis that are often used prognostically. Three SIAA categories were defined from the first AIDS-defining condition and the
JAMA. 1996 Mar 27;275(12):919-25. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96178757
Back AL; Wallace JI; Starks HE; Pearlman RA; Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System,; Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate how often physicians receive requests for physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia and to describe a case series of patient requests for physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, including physician responses to these requests. DESIGN: A mailed, anonymous two-part questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS:
Collier AC; Coombs RW; Schoenfeld DA; Bassett RL; Timpone J; Baruch A; Jones M; Facey K; Whitacre C; McAuliffe VJ; Friedman HM; Merigan TC; Reichman RC; Hooper C; Corey L; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98122, USA.
BACKGROUND. In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, combined treatment with several agents may increase the effectiveness of antiviral therapy. We studied the safety and efficacy of saquinavir, an HIV-protease inhibitor, given with one or two nucleoside antiretroviral agents, as compared with th
N Z Med J. 1996 Feb 23;109(1016):51-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96174448
Bowie RD; Tobias MI; Williams T; Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine,; Wellington.
AIM: To identify and, where possible, measure and value the private costs related to HIV/AIDS, that is, those costs that fall on the person with HIV/AIDS and the family/household/informal caregivers. METHOD: Twenty-five people living with HIV - ranging from asymptomatic seropositive people, to people with AIDS - were
Fruchter RG; Maiman M; Sedlis A; Bartley L; Camilien L; Arrastia CD; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New; York-Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected and HIV-negative women treated for CIN by ablation or excision were followed-up prospectively by cytolo
dos Santos JI; Lopes MA; Deliege-Vasconcelos E; Couto-Fernandez JC; Patel BN; Barreto ML; Ferreira Junior OC; Galvao-Castro B; Laboratorio Avancado de Saude Publica, FIOCRUZ, Salvador,; Brasil.
Generation of epidemiological data on perinatally-transmitted infections is a fundamental tool for the formulation of health policies. In Brazil , this information is scarce, particularly in Northeast, the poorest region of the country. In order to gain some insights of the problem
Science. 1996 Mar 15;271(5255):1579-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96179446
Yu SF; Baldwin DN; Gwynn SR; Yendapalli S; Linial ML; Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research; Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Human foamy virus (HFV) is the prototype of the Spumavirus genus of Retroviridae. In all other retroviruses, the pol gene products, including reverse transcriptase, are synthesized as Gag-Pol fusion proteins and are cleaved to functional enzymes during viral budding or release. In contrast, the Pol protein of HFV is t
Science. 1996 Mar 15;271(5255):1582-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96179447
Perelson AS; Neumann AU; Markowitz M; Leonard JM; Ho DD; Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545,; USA.
A new mathematical model was used to analyze a detailed set of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) viral load data collected from five infected individuals after the administration of a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. Productively infected cells were estimated to have, on average, a life-span of 2.2 days (
Science. 1996 Mar 15;271(5255):1592-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96179450
van Gent DC; Mizuuchi K; Gellert M; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes; and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA.
In the first step of V(D)J recombination, the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins cleave DNA between a signal sequence and the adjacent coding sequence, generating a blunt signal end and a coding end with a closed hairpin structure. These hairpins are intermediates leading to the formation of assembled antigen receptor genes. It i
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):499-509. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166550
Soler Claudin C; Gudino Rosales JC; Unidad de Investigacion en Retrovirus Humanos, Instituto de; Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de; Mexico.
The nucleotide sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp120 variable region (V3) was obtained by sequencing the product of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of seven HIV-1 Mexican isolates from patients who had been infected either sexually or through blood products. Mexican isolates show
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):510-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166551
Alvarado-Aleman FJ; Kumate-Rodriguez J; Departamento de Inmunoquimica, Instituto Nacional de; Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos (INDRE), Secretaria; de Salud, Mexico.
We propose that the ratios of lymphocyte subsets: CD4+/CD8+, CD4+/CD3+, and CD8+/CD3+, graphically displayed in this order, could be an easy way of immunophenotyping and a simple form of interpretation both for clinicians and patients. A total of 187 asymptomatic HIV-positive patients, -including 83 symptomatic patien
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):515-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166552
Soler-Claudin C; Basualdo-Sigales M del C; Unidad de Investigacion en Retrovirus Humanos, Instituto de; Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de; Mexico.
Comprehensive HIV diagnosis of 142 patients was done by ELISA, IgG immunoblot, IgA immunoblot (in patients under 24 months), plasma antigen determination, viral isolation by culture and genome detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Results showed that 14 patients (10%) with negative or indefinite
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):520-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166553
Sierra-Madero JG; Departamento de Infectologia, Instituto Nacional de la; Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, D.F.
Early medical intervention in patients with HIV infection is beneficial even in asymptomatic individuals. Medical care in these patients consists of the use of antiretroviral drugs, drugs to prevent opportunistic infections, vaccines and comprehensive psychosocial support. It is important to determine the stage of the
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):525-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166554
Ponce-de Leon S; Reyes-Teran G; Division de Epidemiologia Hospitalaria, Instituto Nacional de; la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, D.F.
New concepts regarding the medical care of AIDS patients are described in this paper. Currently, new pharmacologic agents and their combinations with zidovudine are being evaluated in clinical trials to determine their efficacy in the treatment of HIV-infected patients. Nevertheless, zidovudine is still the mainstay o
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):533-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166555
Mohar A; Volkow P; Sanchez-Mejorada G; Sada E; Soto JL; Perez F; Ruiz-Palacios G; Ponce-de Leon S; Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico, D.F.
OBJECTIVE. To describe the epidemiological profile of AIDS and malignancies in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study population included a group of AIDS patients seen at four National Institutes of Health and one at a general hospital in Mexico City, from 1983 to 1992. Demographic, clinical and laboratory informatio
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):539-48. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166556
Garcia-Garcia M de L; Valdespino-Gomez JL; Palacios-Martinez M; Mayar-Maya ME; Garcia-Sancho C; Sepulveda-Amor J; Instituto Nacional de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos; (INDRE), Mexico.
Tuberculosis (TB) still is an important health problem in Mexico . According to reported figures, an excess in the number of cases has occurred during recent years, mainly among young adults of both sexes. The present estimated rate of TB is 51.7 cases/100,000 inhabitants. This is t
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):549-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166557
Valdespino-Gomez JL; Garcia-Garcia M de L; del Rio-Chiriboga C; Cruz-Palacios C; Loo-Mendez E; Lopez-Sotelo A; Instituto Nacional de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos; (INDRE)/Comite de Epidemiologia, Consejo Nacional de; Prevencion y Control del SIDA (CONASIDA), Mexico.
Studies on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) during the previous years in Mexico are discussed. The information sources were: a) Surveys among commercial sex workers. Since 1990, 1,386 women have been studied in four federal states through structured questionnaires and laboratory tests. Prevalence of different STD s
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):556-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166558
Valdespino-Gomez JL; Garcia-Garcia M de L; del Rio-Zolezzi A; Loo-Mendez E; Magis-Rodriguez C; Salcedo-Alvarez RA; Instituto Nacional de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos; (INDRE), Secretaria de Salud (SSA), Instituto Nacional de Salud; Publica, Mexico.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the HIV/AIDS magnitude, distribution, frequency, patterns, trends, risk factors, risk groups, estimation and evaluation of interventions in Mexico during the last twelve years. Results of a summary of statistics and results from several sourc
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):572-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166559
Martinez-Aguilar G; Vasquez-De Kartzow R; Nava-Frias M; Santos-Preciado JI; Departamento de Immunoquimica, Hospital Infantil de Mexico; Federico Gomez (HIMFG), Mexico.
OBJECTIVE: To review the experience of the Immunodeficiency Clinic of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital Infantile de Mexico Federico Gomez, in the management of children with HIV infection and AIDS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the medical records of 130 patients with a cl
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):581-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166560
del Rio-Zolezzi A; Liguori AL; Magis-Rodriguez C; Valdespino-Gomez JL; Garcia-Garcia M de L; Sepulveda-Amor J; Instituto Nacional de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos; (INDRE), Mexico.
This study presents an analysis of AIDS cases and seroprevalence of HIV infection among Mexican women, from the onset of the epidemic through June 1994, as well as the analysis of the social and cultural factors that put women in a powerless situation regarding the adoption of preventive measures. Since 1985, when the
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):592-601. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166561
Uribe-Zuniga P; Hernandez-Tepichin G; del Rio-Chiriboga C; Ortiz V; Consejo Nacional de Prevencion y Control del SIDA (CONASIDA),; Secretaria de Salud (SSA), Mexico, D.F.
Since 1987 The National AIDS Council in Mexico (CONASIDA), has conducted research projects among female commercial sex workers (CSW), who are seen at the AIDS Information Centers. Through these studies, we have been able to find out how different issues influence commercial sex work in Mexico City. Since the beginning
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):602-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166562
Izazola-Licea JA; Avila-Figueroa RC; Gortmaker SL; del Rio-Chiriboga C; Consejo Nacional de Prevencion y Control del SIDA (CONASIDA),; Secretaria de Salud (SSA).
OBJECTIVE: To analyze HIV homosexual transmission in Mexico, epidemic trends and biological and social risk factors. METHODS: This analysis is based on 19,090 notifications of AIDS cases and on a review of two previous studies that include 3,029 behavioral interviews (together with HIV serological screening tests) car
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):615-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166563
Magis-Rodriguez C; del Rio-Zolezzi A; Valdespino-Gomez JL; Garcia-Garcia M de L; Instituto Nacional de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos; (INDRE), Mexico.
The objective of this paper is to describe the AIDS epidemic in rural areas of Mexico . Information from the National AIDS Registry and the 1990 XI National Census was used. Rural AIDS cases and urban cases were compared regarding notification time, sex, risk categories and migratio
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):624-35. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166564
Sepulveda-Amor J; del Rio-Zolezzi A; Valdespino-Gomez JL; Garcia-Garcia M de L; Velazquez-Velazquez L; Volkow P; Secretaria de Salud (SSA), Mexico.
This study presents blood-associated AIDS epidemic trends in Mexico , including cases due to blood transfusions, cases in professional blood donors and hemophiliacs. We present also an overview of preventive measures--both legal and educative--undertaken to prevent this type of tran
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):636-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166565
Vallejo-Aguilar OJ; Navarrete-Navarro S; del Rio-Chiriboga C; Avila-Figueroa C; Santos-Preciado JI; Universidad de California, Los Angeles, EUA.
By December 1993, more than 17,000 AIDS cases had been reported in Mexico and some estimates indicate approximately 100,000 individuals currently infected with HIV. From the patient s perspective, being HIV positive or having AIDS, places an enormous burden on psychosocial coping m
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):643-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166566
Rico B; Bronfman M; del Rio-Chiriboga C; SIDA/ETS, Consejo Nacional de Prevencion y Control del SIDA; (CONASIDA), Secretaria de Salud (SSA), Mexico.
This paper analyzes the mass media campaigns developed by the Mexican Council for AIDS Control and Prevention (CONASIDA) from 1987 to 1994. This paper presents the lessons learned, a discussion of obstacles and mistakes, and the different evaluation methods which have been used in CONASIDA S mass media communication s
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):654-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166567
Hernandez-Chavez JJ
In Mexico, non-governmental organizations (NGO) addressing specifically HIV/AIDS issues originated in 1983, with the activities of homosexual groups from Mexico City, Guadalajara and Tijuana. The creation of the AIDS National Prevention and Control Council (CONASIDA) and the advent of Mexicans Against AIDS, Confederat
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Nov-Dec;37(6):661-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166568
Rico B; Uribe-Zuniga P; Panebianco-Labbe S; del Rio-Chiriboga C; SIDA/ETS, Consejo Nacional de Prevencion y Control del SIDA; (CONASIDA), Secretaria de Salud (SSA), Mexico.
AIDS and human rights are closely related issues. This paper describes the relationship between AIDS and human rights, the impact and consequences of discrimination and the importance of the defense of human rights as a cornerstone strategy in AIDS prevention. Some general ethical aspects are addressed and two dilemma
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):1-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177117
Li MD; Lemke TD; Bronson DL; Faras AJ; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; 55455, USA.
Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the pol gene among 47 retroelements identified two very conserved regions, separated by a span of approximately 640 bp, that have not been previously reported. A set of mixed oligonucleotide primers, 5 -MOP-2 and 3 -MOP-2, homologous to these two conserved pol regions was constructed
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):139-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177131
Daenke S; Kermode AG; Hall SE; Taylor G; Weber J; Nightingale S; Bangham CR; Molecular Science Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine,; University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United; Kingdom.
The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to HTLV-1 is directed mainly against the Tax protein. Circulating, activated Tax-specific CTL can be found in a majority of healthy carriers and patients with the HTLV-1-associated disease tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In this study we present data on the Tax-specifi
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):158-66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177133
Agy MB; Sherbert CH; Katze MG; Regional Primate Research Center and the Department of; Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
We previously demonstrated that cellular mRNAs are degraded in CD4 positive lymphocytes infected by the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1, but not in cells infected by the simian lentivirus, SIV. To begin to define the molecular mechanisms underlying this RNA degradation, we have established an in vitro RNA degradat
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):167-77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177134
Kidd LC; Radke K; Department of Avian Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular; Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis; 95616-8532, USA.
Since bovine leukemia virus (BLV) replicates in B-lymphocytes, viral expression and production should respond to agents activating these cells. We asked whether synthesis of BLV capsid (CA) protein and production of infectious virus would increase when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from infected sheep wer
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):211-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177138
Albright AV; Strizki J; Harouse JM; Lavi E; O'Connor M; Gonzalez-Scarano F; Graduate Group in Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology,; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia; 19104-6146, USA.
The mechanism through which HIV-1 causes HIV dementia (HIVD) is not well understood. Myelin pallor is a common pathological finding in HIVD and could be explained by a direct infection of oligodendrocytes or interaction with HIV-1 gp 120. To determine if oligodendrocytes could be i
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):293-300. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177146
Aiken C; Krause L; Chen YL; Trono D; Infectious Disease Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological; Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
The Nef protein of HIV-1 is capable of performing at least two functions: reduction of cell-surface expression of CD4, the viral receptor, and enhancement of HIV-1 infectivity. Here we report the results of assays of CD4 downregulation by nef point mutants. Areas of high charge density and highly conserved sequence mo
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):323-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177149
Mikhailov M; Monastyrskaya K; Bakker T; Roy P; Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry,; University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
The development of particular vector systems for the presentation of immunogenic epitopes provides a powerful approach for the delivery of antigens. These include the core-like particles formed by recombinant bluetongue virus (BTV) capsid proteins VP3 and VP7 synthesized in insect cells by recombinant baculoviruses. P
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):373-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177156
Semmes OJ; Majone F; Cantemir C; Turchetto L; Hjelle B; Jeang KT; Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology,; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892, USA.
Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) types I and II are highly related viruses that differ in disease manifestations. HTLV-I has been linked unmistakably to adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. On the other hand, there is little evidence that prior infection with HTLV-II increases risk for lymphoproliferative disorders. Both
Virology. 1996 Mar 1;217(1):397-403. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96177160
Rossi F; Gallina A; Milanesi G; Istituto di Genetica Biochimica ed Evoluzionistica, Consiglio; Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy.
HIV-1 Nef protein has been known to induce downmodulation of CD4 receptor. In order to test whether the two proteins physically interact, the yeast two-hybrid system was exploited. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying a GAL4-responsive lacZ fusion gene was cotransformed with plasmids in which the Nef and the CD4
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1995 Dec;16(4):325-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96170540
Jason DR; Department of Pathology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake; Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
This article reports on a survey of a stratified random sample of medicolegal offices in the United States to find the extent of their testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), using mailback questionnaires. Seventy-six percent (172) of the 225 offices queried responded. Estimate
Am J Dermatopathol. 1995 Oct;17(5):439-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166839
McCalmont TH; Altemus D; Maurer T; Berger TG; Department of Pathology, University of California Medical Center,; San Francisco 94143, USA.
We sought to define the light microscopic features of eosinophilic folliculitis as it occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The histologic findings of 52 biopsies from 50 patients were graded and compared with six biopsies of suppurative folliculitis from HIV-infected individuals. In all p
Am J Dermatopathol. 1995 Dec;17(6):564-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166862
Smith KJ; Skelton HG; Chu WS; Yeager J; Angritt P; Wagner KF; United States Army Medical Research Institute for Chemical; Defense, Aberdeen, MD, USA.
CD7 is an early T-cell marker that has been used in the diagnosis of stem cell leukemias. Loss of expression of CD7 with a battery of other mature T-cell markers has also been used as one criteria in the diagnosis cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. More recently, CD7-negative T cells have been shown to be a normal population
Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Mar;27(3):299-304. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96178190
Friedland LR; Kulick RM; Biro FM; Patterson A; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center,; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We compared the cost-effectiveness of two single-dose treatment strategies for adolescents with uncomplicated Neisseria gonorrhoeae cervicitis. METHODS: We used a cost-effectiveness decision- analysis model to compare the two methods: the standard, ceftriaxone 125 mg given by IM injection; and an alte
Am J Vet Res. 1995 Dec;56(12):1586-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96167408
Gershwin LJ; Gunther RA; Smith SG; Boyle GA; Friebertshauser KE; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of; Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
OBJECTIVE--To develop a system for analysis of immune response variables in the lymph draining the lung and to establish baseline data for clinically normal calves. DESIGN--Surgery was performed on 6 calves to insert a cannula into the efferent lymphatic duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node to create a long-term
O'Dell MW; Levinson SF; Riggs RV; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH; 45267, USA.
Since 1981, the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), due to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has grown and challenged health care providers in the United States . Although the total number of AIDS cases diagnosed each year appears to be reaching a pla
Ann Oncol; 5(Suppl 8):3 1994. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96612568
Vaccher E; Bernardi D; Errante D; Tumolo S; Spina M; Nasti G; Marini B; Repetto L; Pizzoccaro G; Monfardini S; Tirelli U; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
Between November 1986 and January 1994, 23 cases of GCT were observed within the GICAT. Thirteen pts had seminoma (SGCT) and 10 non seminoma (NSGCT). Sixteen were IVDUs, 3 homosexuals, 21 VDU + homosexual, 1 hemophiliac and 1 with unknown risk factor. At diagnosis 1 (4.3%) patient had AIDS, 5 (21.7%) pts ARC, 4 (17.4%
2nd Denver Conference on Nutrition and Cancer, September 7-11, 1994, Denver, CO 1994.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96612804
Santamaria L; Bianchi-Santamaria A; Camillo Golgi Institute of General Pathology, University of; Pavia, Italy
Objectives: To confirm the validity of our original experimental protocols, as early as 1980, using rodents (mice and rats) that first demonstrate the potent cancer chemoprevention by supplemental carotenoids (CARs). To update the subsequent pilot studies on human intervention, and the efficacy of beta-carotene (BC) a
Cancer Vaccines 1994: Structural Basis for Vaccine Development, an International Symposium, October 3-5, 1994, New York City, NY, S10, 1994.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96612857
Srivastava P; Fordham Univ.
Our work has shown that homogeneous preparations of heat shock proteins (HSPs) derived from any cell type contain a wide assortment of peptides (6-35 mers) non-covalently bound to or chaperoned by the HSP. The binding of peptides to HSPs occurs during the normal physiological degradation of proteins. One consequence
Cancer Vaccines 1994: Structural Basis for Vaccine Development, an International Symposium, October 3-5, 1994, New York City, NY, S15, 1994.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96612859
Gately MK; Luistro L; Hendrzak JA; Nadeau R; Lipman J; Anderson T; Brunda M; Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine that can exert multiple regulatory effects on T and NK cells. Administration of IL-12 to normal mice has been shown to promote Th1-type cytokine responses, increase the lytic activity of NK/LAK cells, augment specific CTL responses, induce the production of IFN-gamma,
Cancer Vaccines 1994: Structural Basis for Vaccine Development, an International Symposium, October 3-5, 1994, New York City, NY, S18, 1994.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96612861
Allison JP; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA
Recent work from a number of laboratories has shown that T cells require, in addition to an antigen specific signal via the T-cell antigen receptor, additional antigen nonspecific signals for full activation, production of IL-2 and proliferation. The major source of th
Cancer Vaccines 1994: Structural Basis for Vaccine Development, an International Symposium, October 3-5, 1994, New York City, NY, S26, 1994.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96612863
Livingston P; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
I will focus on three general approaches for augmenting the immunogenicity of tumor antigens: the use of immunogenic vectors which express the tumor antigens as a consequence of gene transduction, the use of highly immunogenic carrier proteins to which the tumor antigens are covalently attached and the use of potent i
Cancer Vaccines 1994: Structural Basis for Vaccine Development, an International Symposium, October 3-5, 1994, New York City, NY, S27, 1994.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96612864
Greenberg PD; Yee C; Sing A; Nelson B; Gilbert M; Riddell S; Univ. of Washington
Our first study has been in prevention of CMV disease in immunosuppressed patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Studies correlating development of disease with immune function demonstrated that the presence of CMV-specifi
Cancer Invest; 13(Suppl 1):4-5 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96613017
Coller BS; Dept. of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; 10029
Platelet transfusion therapy is effective in reversing the thrombocytopenia produced by ablative chemotherapy and preventing morbidity and mortality from hemorrhage. Introduction of platelet transfusion therapy revolutionized the treatment of malignancies, allowing dose intensification. Improved storage conditions ext
Harrison M; Denton A; Tomlinson D; Spittle M; Stewart S; Dept. of Oncology, St. Mary's Hosp., London, UK
Between July 91 and Sept 94, 106 patients were commenced on treatment with BV or LED (Dox SL LTI) on 123 occasions. Treatment was initiated with LED on 68 occasions with 56 patients and with BV on 55 occasions with 51 patients. Both groups of patients are comparable--BV, median age 37 (25-60), median Karnofsky 80 (30-
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 36:A656-7 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96613077
Stein CA; Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Univ., New York, NY; 10032
The ultimate objective of using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) is to provide a means of sequence-specific inhibition of genetic expression. However, phosphodiester (PO) oligos are nuclease sensitive, and have been supplanted in many cell culture experiments by nuclease resistant phosphorothioate (PS) oligos.
Drent M; Grutters JC; Mulder PG; van Velzen-Blad H; van den Bosch JM; Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, St. Antonius Hosp., Nieuwegein, The; Netherlands
Retrospectively, the initial bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of nonsmoking patients with 15% or more lymphocytes in their BAL fluid (BALF) samples were selected out off all BAL analyses (n=2008) performed during a 10 yr period between 1980 and 1990. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the T-lymphocyte subpop
Carette MF; Khalil AM; Bazot M; Cadranel JL; Mayaud M; Bigot JM; Departments of Radiology, Respiratory diseases. TENON hospital, 4; rue de la chine 75020 Paris, France
Purpose: To describe the thin CT scans findings in AIDS patients with intrathoracic Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Material and methods: Sixty-one thoracic CT scans of KS were reviewed. The diagnosis of intrathoracic KS was established histologically in 19 patients or on the association of skin KS and the visualization of cha
Grossman WJ; Kimata JT; Wong FH; Zutter M; Ley TJ; Ratner L; Washington Univ. School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, and has been implicated in mycosis fungoides and large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. The HTLV-1 transcriptional trans acting protein Tax induces expression of cellular proteins which may contribute to T cell pr
The existence of a novel retrovirus in a captive colony of pygmy chimpanzees was suspected because of an unusual serological profile in most of the animals sera. Antibodies against the viral major core protein (p24) and the recombinant envelope transmembrane fragment (gp21) but not against the outer envelope (gp46) we
Laporte J; Gozlan J; Lesage S; Najman A; Petit JC; Gorin NC; Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Dept. of Virology, Hosp. St; Antoine, Paris, France
We previously described a new technique for the detection of CMV late-mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in AIDS patients (Gozlan, J Clin Microbiol; 31:1943 1993). We have used this technique in parallel to other CMV markers (viremi
Zsebo K; Cooke K; Smith K; Ruff D; Dull T; Farson D; Roberts M; Finer M; Cell Genesys, Foster City, CA
Universal receptors are chimeric proteins composed of an extracellular ligand binding domain coupled with an intracellular signalling domain composed of the zeta subunit of the T-cell receptor. A construct targeting HIV infected cells has been made and is composed of the extracellular domain of CD4 fused to zeta. We i
Levine AM; Tulpule A; Espina B; Moudgil T; Ortega A; Esplin JA; Anderson LJ; Saunders T; Keung YK; Boswell W; et al; USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy, with concomitant zalcitabine ( ddC ) anti-retroviral therapy in patients with AIDS-NHL, and to determine if correlations would be evident between serum levels of IL-6, HIV viral burden, an
Pancake BA; Wassef EH; Zucker-Franklin D; New York Univ. Medical Center, New York, NY
Most patients with the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides (MF), appear to have no antibodies to the human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-I/II) when tested by ELISA or western blot (WB) using test kits containing the structural proteins of these viruses. Yet, more than 95% of these patients have been shown
Giralt S; Hester J; Huh Y; Hirsch-Ginsberg C; Rondon G; Guo J; Lee M; Gajewski J; Talpaz M; Kantarjian H; et al; Dept. of Hematology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe; Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
Purpose: To determine if selective CD8 depletion of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) would preserve the graft vs leukemia (GVL) effect, and prevent GVHD in pts with CML relapsing after allogeneic BMT. Patients and Methods: 7 pts with Ph(+) CML have received CD8 depleted donor lymphocyte infusions for treatment of rela
Human retroviruses, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus Types I and II (HTLV-I/II), have been associated with forms of connective tissue autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These investigations were unable to find
While it has long been known that T lymphocytes infiltrate tumors and atherosclerotic plaques, as well as being found in autoimmune diseases and healing wounds, their role in these normal and disease processes has been poorly defined. In this thesis results are presented that demonstrate that T cells, both in vitro an
Cell-type specific tropisms was reported for HIV-1. Only 10-20% of isolates are able to infect neoplastic CD4+ cells, an ability which correlates with disease progression. Preferential tropism for macrophages was also described, a behavior appearing reciprocally linked to neoplastic cell tropism. The relevance of thes
When severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice are reconstituted with human PBL (hu-PBL-SCID) from individuals seropositive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a fatal EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD) of human B cell origin develops in the majority of the hu-PBL-SCID mice. These EBV-LPD tumors have a
Durrant LG; Dept. of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Campaign, Univ. of; Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
A human monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, 105AD7 (Austin et al, Immunology 67:525, 1989), a murine anti-idiotypic antibody NCRC60 and the human polyclonal response to 791T/36 all recognize a similar dominant binding site on the 791T/36 and mimic the target antigen 791Tgp72. Expression of this antigen on colorectal t
Bone Marrow Transplantation in the 90s: Into the 21st Century, March 15-18, 1995, Orlando, FL. New York, New York Academy of Sciences, A20, 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96616575
Donnenberg AD; Margolick JB; Donnenberg VS; Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients suffer a functional T-cell deficit long after T-cell counts have returned to normal levels. Early after BMT, T-cell phenotype is predominantly CD45RO+/CD29(high)/HLA-DR+/CD38(high). This profile is associated with activated memory cells in healthy subjects, but appears on the ea
Bodor J; Habener JF; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General; Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
The human T-cell leukemia virus causes neoplasia by immortalization of T-cells resulting in marked lymphocytosis. The HTLV-I genome consists of 5 and 3 long terminal repeated sequences (LTRs) that contain three imperfect 21 bp repeats located within 200 bps of the promoter. Each of the 21 bp repeats contains a cAMP
Kanno T; Franzoso G; Siebenlist U; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax protein transforms T cells through induced expression of many cellular genes, including those encoding the growth-related proteins interleukin 2 and the alpha-chain of its receptor. Induction of these genes is mediated, at least in part, through Tax-dependent posttra
Goorha RM; Mao S; Neale GA; Department of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,; Memphis, TN
The rhombotin-2 (RBTN-2/TTG-2) locus at chr 11p13 is the most frequent site of chromosomal translocation in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). While expressed widely in normal tissues, RBTN-2 is not normally expressed in T-cells. This aberrant expression of RBTN-2 in T-cells is thought to contribute
Nabel GJ; Woffendin C; Nabel EG; Yang ZY; Bishop K; Marquet M; Felgner P; Gordon D; Kumar U; et al; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ann Arbor, MI
Genetic instability within malignant cells gives rise to mutant proteins which can be recognized by the immune system. Recognition of tumor-associated antigens by T lymphocytes could thus contribute to the elimination of neoplastic cells. We have developed a molecular genetic intervention for the treatment of malignan
We describe the construction of a high copy number vector for human cells which can be used both for the overexpression of therapeutical important proteins, such as cytokines, or for inhibition of gene expression by antisense RNA. The vector contains a G418 resistance cassette for long range and a truncated NGF-recept
Ksander BR; Geer DC; Podack ER; Chen PW; Dept. of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,
Activation of antigen-specific T cells requires costimulatory signals that can be provided by the interaction of B7-1 and CD28. Recent data from other laboratories indicate that tumor cells that express B7-1 directly activate CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (Tc), bypassing the requirement for CD4+ T helper cells. Our previous
Apoptosis and the immune response. Gregory CD, ed. New York, Wiley-Liss, 416 p., 1995.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96617335
Anonymous; No affiliation given
Programmed cell death, apoptosis, has only recently come to be viewed as equally important as control of cell division and of differentiation in the homeostatic regulation of metazoan life. This situation arises both from a natural tendency to view death as a passive process, and from the efficiency with which apoptot
Application of the tools of biology, cytology, biochemistry, immunology and molecular genetics, development of newer chemotherapeutic approaches and monoclonal antibody technique, and advances in supportive care have combined to generate new understanding of childhood cancer and a steady increase in long-term survival
Williams Hematology. 5th ed. Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS, Kipps TJ, eds. New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 1057-75, 1995.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96617375
Horning SJ; Div. of Oncology, Sanford Univ. Sch. of Medicine, Sanford, CA
This brief but complete review of Hodgkin s disease presents the necessary background to the disease, its etiology and pathogenesis, molecular studies, immunologic dysfunction, epidemiology (infectious and genetic aspects), and presenting manifestations. Since there are no diagnostic laboratory procedures for this dis
Minson A; Neil J; McCrae M; Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
This book is the text of the fifty-first Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology, held at the University of Cambridge, in March 1994. The 16 chapters represent the text of presentations by 60 contributors at the meeting. Chapter titles are: viruses and cancer; tumor suppressor genes and p53; cell transformat
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus that induces lymphoproliferative disease in cattle and sheep. In cattle, BLV associated lymphoid neoplasia is often preceded by persistent elevation of the circulating CD5+ B-cell population. To determine whether BLV infection resulted in similar non-neoplastic ex
Since HIV-1 was identified as the causative agent of AIDS, many polyanionic compounds have been found possessing anti-HIV activity. Among them, several commercial dyes, such as Chicago Sky Blue, Even s Blue, Congo Red, and Direct Orange 15, attracted a lot of attention, because of their specificity and different mecha
This research focuses on women and their responses to living with either cancer or HIV/AIDS. The perceptions of women with either of these diseases were compared in their interactions with families, friends and practitioners. The goal was to find whether or not seropositive women have experiences similar to women diag
In early 1990, staff from the Adolescent Health Center in Carbondale, Illinois identified an increase in the number of abnormal pap smears for 1989. This is not an isolated occurrence, increased incidence of abnormal cervical cytology among young women has been found not only throughout this country but world wide. Th
Krams SM; Chung SJ; Lu Y; Smith H; Lagios M; Martinez OM; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San; Francisco, CA 94115
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive neoplasm of the breast which may progress to invasive carcinoma. Recent work has established a strong correlation between a marked lymphocytic infiltrate and a high grade, aggressive (comedo) subtype of DCIS. Infiltrating lymphocytes in breast tumors have been regarded
Bresnahan J; Scadden D; Grynkiewicz P; New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is a tumor that affects approximately 15% of persons with AIDS. The tumors can cause disfigurement, pain, and, if occurring in the lungs, death. To date, there is no cure for KS. Indeed, no optimal therapy has been defined. Local cosmetic therapies are safe but have only limited effectiveness. Tr
Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy: Clinical Aspects and the Molecular Basis for Efficacy. Gaspaorro FP, ed. (Medical Intelligence Unit) Austin, TX, RG Landes Co., 139 p., 1994.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96618035
Anonymous; No affiliation given
Photochemotherapy using a poultice derived from plants containing psoralen, followed by exposure to sunlight, was described as a treatment for vitiligo in ancient writings from India and Egypt . Modern applications for non-neoplastic diseases, usin
Scher HI; Kelly WK; Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer; Center, New York, NY
Suramin has a long history as a drug, beginning as treatment for parasitic disease in cattle and in humans in the 1920s, passing through a period of disuse, and then being revived for different indications in the 1970s and later. Among these more recent applications have been trials against human immunodeficiency viru
The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, RB, has been suggested to perform a central role in regulating the proliferation of mammalian cells. Studies have shown that RB can regulate progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle; however, the specific mechanism by which RB functions has not been clearly def
Patients with AIDS and other immunodeficiencies have a very high risk of developing non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL). Epstein-Barr virus is found in about 50% of all AIDS lymphomas, including virtually all central nervous system lymphomas. There are a number of indications that EBV is
Interaction of Gag proteins both with themselves and with cellular host proteins is believed to be important in the viral life cycle. We have used the yeast two hybrid system to study Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) Gag-Gag interactions as well as to identify cellular host proteins which interact with the Gag p
Meyer MK; Univ. of Texas HSC at Houston Grad. Sch. of Biomed. Sci.
The origin and structure of P55gag, a gag encoded polyprotein lacking the nucleocapsid protein, NCp10, have been explored. Evidence shows that P55gag is formed by non-viral proteolytic cleavage of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV)gag precursor protein, Pr65gag. P55gag is produced in cells infected by a viral
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) is endemic for several areas of the world including central Africa, the southwestern islands of Japan , the Caribbean basin, and the southeastern United States . HTLV-I is etiologically associated with ad
Hirazumi A; Furusawa E; Chou SC; Hokama Y; Univ. of Hawaii, John As Burns Sch. of Med., Honolulu, HI 96822
Morinda citrifolia (noni) is a traditional Hawaiian herb. Ethanol precipitation of the fruit juice of the noni (noni-ppt) has been shown to be therapeutically active against intraperitoneally (ip) implanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Noni-ppt prolonged the mean survival time (MST) of LLC imp
Reyes RA; Cockerell GL; Dept. of Path., Coll. of Vet. Med. and Biomed. Sci., Colorado; State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of unintegrated viral DNA (UVD) and viral transcription in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle in different stages of disease. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify circularized virus and reverse transcription P
Demidem A; Hanna N; Hariharan H; Bonavida B; Department of Microbiolology and Immunology, UCLA School of; Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024
Chimeric anti-CD20 antibody (IDEC-C2B8) is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials against drug resistant human B cell lymphomas. We have confirmed the resistance of B lymphomas in vitro to drugs/toxins using a B cell lymphoma line DHL-4 and AIDS related lymphomas. We have previously reported that drug resi
Ksander BR; Podack ER; Chen PW; Dept. of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
Successful activation of specific T cells requires multiple costimulatory signals provided by antigen presenting cells; B7-1 which stimulates differentiation of precursor cytotoxic T cells, and IL-12 which stimulates differentiation of precursor T helper cells to become Th1 type cells. In an effort to increase the imm
Hurwitz AA; Min JK; Greenfield EA; Davis G; Allison JP; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
We previously demonstrated that expression of the costimulatory molecule B7.1 by tumor cells is sufficient to stimulate an antitumor response in vivo. In the present study, we tested whether the recently identified costimulatory molecule B7.2 was sufficient to promote tumor rejection. B7.2-transfected EL4 lymphoma cel
Bryan D; Fuller C; Child F; Higgins E; du Vivier A; Mufti G; Department of Dermatology, Kings College Hospital School of; Medicine and Dentistry, Bessemer Rd, London SE5 9RS, UK
Rearrangement of genes encoding the T-cell receptor (TCR) can be used as markers of clonal expansion of the T-cell population in T-cell neoplasia like mycosis fungoides (MF). Although the etiology of MF is unknown recent reports imply a pathogenic role for the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV-1) or a closely rel
Clin Cancer Res; 1(10):1119 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96619676
Ciernik IF; Krayenbuhl Ciernik BH; Cockerell CJ; Minna JD; Gazdar AF; Carbone DP; Simmons Cancer Center, Univ. of Texas, Southwestern Medical; Center, Dallas, TX 75235-8593
Several humoral growth factors may contribute to the development and growth of AIDS-associated Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). They are either provided by chronically activated cells of the immune system or in an autocrine/paracrine manner by the neoplastic cells themselves. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) may direc
Gene Therapy of Cancer: 2nd European Conference, September 7-8, 1995, London, A17, 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96619701
Zitvogel L; Storkus WJ; Tahara H; Mayordomo JI; Tjandrawan T; Robbins PD; Lotze MT; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Cancer Institute,; Pittsburgh, PA 15261
IL-12 is recognized as being a regulatory cytokine, promoting a Th1 response leading to a cellular-mediated immunity. It is a potent antitumor agent following systemic administration or paracrine delivery using autologous fibroblasts or tumor cells engineered with both IL-12 subunit encoding cDNA. We used MFG-based re
Gene Therapy of Cancer: 2nd European Conference, September 7-8, 1995, London, A19, 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96619702
Hollingsworth S; Gaken J; Darling D; Hirst W; Kuiper M; Buggins A; Barnard A; Peakman M; Humphries S; Mufti GJ; et al; Immune Gene Therapy of Cancer Programme, Dept. of Haematological; Medicine, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, 123; Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
Previous studies have shown that expression of the immune co-stimulatory molecule (B7.1) on the surface of inherently immunogenic tumor cells is necessary and sufficient for CTL activation. Treatment of animals with such cancer cell vaccines can offer immune mediated protection against a subsequent challenge with unmo
Junker U; Bohnlein E; Veres G; Progenesys, Dept. of Molecular Therapy, 1501 California Ave.,; Palo Alto, CA 94304
We constructed a retroviral vector encoding a mutant TRNA(i)met gene followed by a HIV-1 rev-specific antisense sequence in the U3 region of the 3 long terminal repeat (LTR). This Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)-based double-copy retroviral vector was used to transduce human lymphoblastoid T-cell lines (CEM, Ju
Sasada T; Iwata S; Sato N; Takabayashi A; Yodoi J; Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research,; Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606,; Japan
ADF was originally defined as an IL-2Ralpha/Tac inducer of HTLV-I transformed T cells, and its CDNA cloning has revealed that ADF is a human homolog of bacterial thioredoxin (TRX). ADF/TRX has strong reducing activity through its dithiol group, and possesses various biological activities, such as enhancement of cellul
Boshoff C; O'Leary JJ; Graham AK; Kennedy M; Hanks E; Weiss R; Schulz T; McGee JO; Nuffield Dept. of Pathology and Bacteriology, University of; Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
Epidemiological evidence suggests the involvement of a sexually transmitted infectious agent, distinct from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in the pathogenesis of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). A new herpes virus, provisionally termed Kaposi s sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV), with homology to gamma herpes viruses i
Oudejans JJ; van den Brule AJ; Jiwa NM; de Bruin PC; Ossenkoppele GJ; van der Valk P; Walboomers JM; Meijer CJ; Department of Pathology, Free University Hospital, De Boelelaan; 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
BHRF1, one of many EBV encoded proteins, shows strong functional homology to the human bcl-2 proto-oncogene product, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of a subset of B-cell lymphomas (ie, follicle center cell lymphomas). We have investigated the presence of BHRF1 specific transcripts using an RT-PCR based assay,
Boshoff C; O'Leary JJ; Graham AK; Kennedy M; Hanks E; Chetty R; Weiss R; Schulz T; McGee JO; Nuffield Dept. of Pathology and Bacteriology, University of; Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
Immunosuppression is associated with an increased incidence of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma . Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is found in the majority of these tumors. Recently sequences of a new herpes virus have been described in HIV-associated Kaposi s sarcoma. This virus shows homology to kn
Forni G; CNR-CIOS, Universita di Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Turin,; Italy
The presence of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment alters tumor-host relationships by activating a first nonspecific response that often leads to induction of specific immunity. The potential of cytokine gene-transduced tumor cells to prevent tumor growth and cure established tumors was evaluated using a spontane
Melbourne : World Vision Australia's Research & Policy Unit, 1994 133 p. : ill (Issues in global development ; no. 1) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9602127
Program Washington, DC : Howard University National AIDS Minority Information & Education Program, c1993 1 v. (various pagings) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9601119
Pacific Islanders [Rockville, Md.?] : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Resources Development, [1995] 46 p (DHHS publication ; no. HRSA-RD-SP-95-5) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9603264
Washington, D. C. : Regnery Publishing ; Lanham, MD : Distributed by National Book Network, c1996 xiv, 722 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9604821
Institute for Academic Informatics Educational Media Division [Bethesda, Md.] : National Library of Medicine, 1995 1 videocassette (30 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9603882
Master RJ; Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is the most common pneumonia in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a frequent cause of hospitalization. The incidence of PCP in patients with AIDS can be substantially reduced when patients comply with standard prophylaxis protocols. However, achieving acceptable pr
J Health Soc Policy. 1995;7(2):1-18. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AHA/96176077
Battle RS; Cummings GL; Barker JC; Krasnovsky FM; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San; Francisco 94105, USA.
Most HIV/AIDS behavior research involving African American women has focused on traditional high risk populations, such as those in drug treatment centers, STD clinics, and hospitals. Few studies have examined the health needs and behaviors of African American women in the general population (i.e., working mothers and
Ayers JR; Lancaster Bible College, Pastoral Studies Department, PA 17602,; USA.
Identifies and explores the extreme difficulties of HIV/AIDS realities for the evangelical Christian churches and which tend to stymie effective ministry. Discusses the issues of morality, morbidity, mortality, reality, responsibility; and concludes that the church has fallen short in its mission to HIV/AIDS persons.
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