Zalla MJ; Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdate, AZ 85259, USA.
BACKGROUND: Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) had been an uncommon entity prior to the outbreak of the AIDS epidemic but is now the most common neoplasm occurring in patient s with AIDS. KS occurs in four distinct subsets, each of which the dermatologist is well suited to diagnose and manage. Significant advances have been made r
Grzesiek S; Bax A; Clore GM; Gronenborn AM; Hu JS; Kaufman J; Palmer I; Stahl SJ; Wingfield PT; Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes; and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
The solution structure of HIV-1 Nef has been solved by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. The construct employed to circumvent problems associated with aggregation was a double-deletion mutant (delta2-39, delta159-173) in which conformationally disordered regions of the protein at the N terminus and in a
Cell Immunol. 1996 Feb 25;168(1):100-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96179307
Parada NA; Cruikshank WW; Danis HL; Ryan TC; Center DM; Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University; School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA.
Human interleukin-16, previously known as lymphocyte chemoattractant factor, is a CD4+ T cell competence growth factor initially described as a chemotactic factor for CD4+ cells. The interaction between IL-16 and its receptor CD4 leads to an increase in intracytoplasmic calcium and inositol triphosphate. Because of th
Cell Immunol. 1996 Feb 25;168(1):49-58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96179301
Maroder M; Scarpa S; Screpanti I; Stigliano A; Meco D; Vacca A; Stuppia L; Frati L; Modesti A; Gulino A; Genoa National Institute for Cancer Research, Biotechnology; Section, Rome, Italy.
Infection of both lymphoid and stromal components of the thymus by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suggests that impairment of lymphocyte differentiation from early T cells progenitors in the thymus may contribute to the HIV-induced T cell depletion. Cross-talk between immature thymocyte and thymic epithel
Biglino A; Sinicco A; Forno B; Pollono AM; Sciandra M; Martini C; Pich P; Gioannini P; Institute of Infectious Disease, University of Turin, Italy.
Serum cytokine profiles, T-cell subsets, and general parameters of immune activation were evaluated in 15 patients with acute primary HIV-1 infection, and compared with those obtained from 18 patients with acute primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and from 18 control subjects in order to elucidate possible defe
Sereti I; Spear GT; Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush Medical School,; Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
The goal of this study was to determine whether deposition of complement C3 breakdown products on the surface of HIV-infected target cells could augment the levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Although C3 was deposited on the surface of infec
Singh B; Greenebaum E; Cole R; Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of; Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Carbon-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage have been noted to be associated with a history of crack smoking. We report herein the finding of carbon-laden macrophages in four cytological preparations of pleural fluid from two crack smokers. The etiology of the two patients pleural effusions differed; neither h
Brousset P; Schlaifer D; Roda D; Massip P; Marchou B; Delsol G; Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de; Purpan, Toulouse, France.
The authors investigated 25 benign lymph nodes in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect and characterize the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells. After ISH, 22 lymph nodes were found to contain various numbers of Epstei
Brouland JP; Audouin J; Hofman P; Le Tourneau A; Basset D; Rio B; Zittoun R; Diebold J; Service Central d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques,; Hotel-Dieu, Paris, France.
A bone marrow biopsy was performed on four patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) for a long-running course fever of unknown origin associated with a recent pancytopenia. In the four cases, striking histological similarities, such as interstitial edema, foci of necrosis and only few scattered or clus
Simpson RM; Zhao TM; Hubbard BS; Sawasdikosol S; Kindt TJ; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville,; Maryland, USA.
Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infection may lead to an acutely fatal adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL), but HTLV-1-infected people usually remain asymptomatic. Why only certain HTLV-I infections lead to acute ATLL, which is characterized by leukemic infiltration of multiple organs and immune suppress
Nature. 1996 Mar 14;380(6570):175-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96176484
Harada K; Martin SS; Frankel AD; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of; California, San Francisco 94143-0448, USA.
Many priniciples of sequence-specific DNA recognition have been established over the past decade, largely from structural studies of protein-DNA and drug-DNA complexes. On the basis of these principles, it has been possible to design or select variants of known structural motifs, including zinc-fingers and minor groov
Charles NC; Steiner GC; Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Medical Center,; USA.
BACKGROUND: Surgical implantation of the intraocular sustained-release ganciclovir device is a safe and effective treatment for cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis. Previous histopathologic studies on eyes containing such implant
Goodman E; Chesney MA; Tipton AC; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; 02115, USA.
This study s purpose was to examine the extent to which optimism, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs predict use of HIV testing services in a group of at-risk female adolescents. We prospectively interviewed 124 consecutive girls engaging in risky behaviors before regularly scheduled pediatric clinic appointments at a
Kemeny ME; Weiner H; Duran R; Taylor SE; Visscher B; Fahey JL; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, School of; Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA.
The objectives of this study were to determine 1) whether immune changes relevant to HIV progression occurred in HIV-seropositive men after the death of their intimate partner, and 2) whether depressed mood was associated with these immune changes. The bereaved group consisted of 39 gay men whose intimate partners had
Freedman JB; O'Dowd MA; McKegney FP; Kaplan IJ; Bernstein G; Biderman DJ; Gomez MF; Department of Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert; Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10011, USA.
Controversy over using benzodiazepines in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population to relieve sleep and anxiety has not been addressed in the literature. Serious problems with diazepam abuse emerged in a psychiatric outpatient clinic for a predominately HIV-positive and illicit drug-using population, w
Frankel SS; Wenig BM; Burke AP; Mannan P; Thompson LD; Abbondanzo SL; Nelson AM; Pope M; Steinman RM; AIDS Division, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Disease; Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC; 20306-6000, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) replicates actively in infected individuals, yet cells with intracellular depots of viral protein are observed only infrequently. Many cells expressing the HIV-1 Gag protein were detected at the surface of the nasopharyngeal tonsil or adenoid. This infected mucosal surface c
Ahmed R; Gray D; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine,; Atlanta, GA, USA.
The immune system can remember, sometimes for a lifetime, the identity of a pathogen. Understanding how this is accomplished has fascinated immunologists and microbiologists for many years, but there is still considerable debate regarding the mechanisms by which long-term immunity is maintained. Some of the controvers
Nowak MA; Bangham CR; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK.
Mathematical models, which are based on a firm understanding of biological interactions, can provide nonintuitive insights into the dynamics of host responses to infectious agents and can suggest new avenues for experimentation. Here, a simple mathematical approach is developed to explore the relation between antivira
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Sep-Oct;37(5):385-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166535
Uribe-Salas F; Hernandez-Giron C; Conde-Gonzalez C; Cruz-Valdez A; Juarez-Figueroa L; Hernandez-Avila M; Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional; de Salud Publica (INSP), Mexico.
OBJECTIVE. This research work intended to describe the characteristics and the seroprevalence of some sexually transmitted diseases (STD), in men working in bars where female commercial sex takes place. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included an evaluation of 171 males during 1993, who were employed in bars and who w
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Sep-Oct;37(5):394-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166536
Valadez-Gonzalez N; Soler-Claudin C; Unidad de Investigacion en Retrovirus Humanos, Instituto de; Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de; Mexico.
OBJECTIVE. To study the reactions of Mexican HIV-1 positive sera to HIV-2 antigens, and their relation to the mode of transmission and the clinical status of infected individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Six-hundred and fifty-four sera samples collected in Mexico were tested using HI
S Afr Med J. 1995 Dec;85(12):1281-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96138446
Blecher MS; Steinberg M; Pick W; Hennink M; Durcan N; Department of Community Health, University of Cape Town.
This study aimed to determine knowledge about, attitudes to and practices associated with AIDS among sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attenders in the Cape Peninsula. A questionnaire containing open and closed questions in the appropriate language (English, Afrikaans or Xhosa) was administered by trained clin
Transplantation. 1996 Jan 27;61(2):184-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166719
Ledingham DL; McAlister VC; Ehigiator HN; Giacomantonio C; Theal M; Lee TD; Department of Microbiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova; Scotia, Canada.
Nippostrongylus infection strongly stimulates TH2 activity in vivo. Given the evidence of cross regulation between TH2 and TH1 cells, and the link between TH1 activity and graft rejection, we examined the effects of Nippostrongylus infection on the fate of kidney allografts in rats. Both prior Nippostrongylus infectio
Transplantation. 1996 Jan 27;61(2):292-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166738
McKisic MD; Paturzo FX; Smith AL; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of; Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Lymphocytotropic mouse parvoviruses can perturb immune responses. For example the recently identified mouse parvovirus designated MPV-1 persistently infects lymphoid tissues and interferes with the ability of cloned T cells to proliferate. As a consequence of these findings the present studies were undertaken to chara
Dienes HP; Institut fur Pathologie des Universitatsklinikums Mainz.
The morphology of autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by portal-periportal predilection of necroinflammatory lesions. In comparison to the viral type of hepatitis severe piece-meal-necroses, the collapse of periportal parenchyma, and to a higher degree acinar transformation of hepatocytes are more prominent. The aut
Liver biopsy (n = 35) and autopsy (n = 71) specimens from HIV infected HCV-positive and HCV-negative haemophiliacs and non-haemophiliacs and liver biopsies (n = 33) from HIV-negative HCV-infected haemophiliacs and non-haemophiliacs were studied by histo- and immunohistochemistry to investigate the influence of HIV-coi
Varsky C; Martinez Lopez C; Dutack A; Bonfanti M; Peluffo G; Freire M; Boffi A; Servicio de Endoscopia, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro; Posadas, Haedo, Argentina.
A characteristic rectocolonic endoscopic finding is the presence of ulcers, which may correspond to different diagnosis. Between January, 1989 and May, 1993, we performed 28 colonoscopies and 12 rectoscopies in patients with HIV (+). In all cases, histologic, parasitologic, bacteriologic, virologic, and micrologic stu
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996 Mar;54(3):249-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183672
Martinez A; Allegra CJ; Kovacs JA; Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of focal encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Epiroprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, was evaluated in vitro and in a mouse model of acute infection for activity against T. gondii. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of epiroprim for T. go
Am J Dermatopathol. 1995 Apr;17(2):145-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166784
Perrin C; Taillan B; Hofman P; Mondain V; Lefichoux Y; Michiels JF; Department of Pathology, University of Nice, France.
Cutaneous lesions in Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are very unusual, except for the presence of Leishmania organisms in cutaneous Kaposi s sarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have identified two unusual cutaneous histological features of VL in three patients with AIDS not
Am J Dermatopathol. 1995 Apr;17(2):163-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166787
Sangueza OP; Gordon MD; White CR Jr; Department of Pathology, Oregon Health Sciences University,; Portland 97201, U.S.A.
Among the numerous infections to which AIDS patients are susceptible, those caused by herpesvirus (simplex and varicella/zoster) are among the most common. Because herpetic infections may be the first manifestations of AIDS and often are associated with poor prognosis, rapid and accurate diagnosis of them is imperativ
Am J Dermatopathol. 1995 Apr;17(2):185-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166791
Smith KJ; Skelton HG; Angritt P; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA.
Verruciform xanthoma occurs most commonly in the oral mucosa; however, rare cutaneous lesions have been described. Although the pathogenesis of this entity is not known, dysregulation of epithelial proliferation and degenerative changes in the epithelium may explain the occurrence of this lesion in association with in
Am J Dermatopathol. 1995 Aug;17(4):403-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96166830
Smith KJ; Skelton HG; Ruiz N; Laskin W; Wagner KF; Department of Dermatopathology, Armed Forces Institute of; Pathology, Washington, DC 20306, USA.
Soft tissue lymphomas are rare; however, the only large reported series has indicated that soft tissue lymphomas may have a better prognosis than similar-grade tumors found at other sites, and even high-grade lesions may respond to local therapies. We present a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-positive, Wal
Karp CL; Scott IU; Chang TS; Pflugfelder SC; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of; Medicine, Florida 33136, USA.
BACKGROUND: Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia has traditionally been found at the limbus in elderly individuals. Recently, this ocular tumor has been observed in younger patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential association of human immunodeficiency virus infection with the emergence of this atypical pres
Holtzman MJ; Sampath D; Castro M; Look DC; Jayaraman S; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,; St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Krouwels FH; van der Heijden JF; Lutter R; van Neerven RJ; Jansen HM; Out TA; Department of Pulmonology, Clinical and Laboratory Immunology; Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are beneficial in allergic asthma. GCS therapy results in reduced mRNA expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) but not of IFN-gamma. In vitro studies with blood-derived T cells, however, show inhibition of all three cytokines by GCS. We studied
BMJ. 1996 Feb 17;312(7028):416-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96175117
Smith S; Robinson J; Hollyer J; Bhatt R; Ash S; Shaunak S; Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Postgraduate Medical; School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a model of health care for HIV positive patients involving specialist, hospital based teams and primary health care teams. DESIGN: One year retrospective and a 2 1/2 year prospective study. SETTING: Two hospitals in West London and 88 general practitioners in 72 general hospitals. SU
Burris S; Temple University of School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
During the first years of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, the professional limitation on HIV-infected physicians and other health care workers were left to the discretion of the infected workers themselves and the medical institutions in which they worked. In the crisis occasioned by the report of iat
Guyot DJ; Trask OJ; Andrews JM; Newbound GC; Lairmore MD; Center for Retrovirus and Department of Veterinary Biosciences,; College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, USA.
We demonstrate that CD2 receptor engagement, but not CD3 crosslinking, induces apoptosis in lymphocytes transformed by human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I). Mitogenic pairs of anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation from 25 to 62% in CD2+ HTLV-I-infected lymphocytes. This inhib
Yang G; Song Q; Charles M; Drosopoulos WC; Arnold E; Prasad VR; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein; College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) reverse transcriptases (RTs) are evolutionary related. To study the effect of homologous sequence replacements on polymerase function and to map the determinants of the lack of susceptibility of HIV-2 RT to nonnucleoside drugs, a series of chimeric H
Adleman LM; Wofsy D; Laboratory for Molecular Science and Department of Computer; Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Recently, it has been proposed that normal T-cell count is maintained by a homeostatic mechanism which is blind to the distinction between CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Interest in this blind homeostasis hypothesis (BHH) stems in part from its implications regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of HIV infection. In
Park IW; Sodroski J; Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
The Vpx and Vpr proteins of the primate immunodeficiency viruses are stoichiometrically incorporated into virion particles. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) enzyme, when fused to a sufficient portion of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239) Vpx protein, was incorporated into virions and retained enz
Levine AM; Groshen S; Allen J; Munson KM; Carlo DJ; Daigle AE; Ferre F; Jensen FC; Richieri SP; Trauger RJ; Parker JW; Salk PL; Salk J; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of; Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
In 1987, exploratory clinical studies were initiated to determine whether the development of AIDS in HIV-infected individuals might be delayed or prevented by immunization with an inactivated HIV preparation. Preclinical studies had shown the preparation to be safe and immunogenic. Twenty-three patients with biopsy-co
In a prospective study of HIV patients with suspected cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) disease (n = 144; 140 men, four women; aged 23-69 years, median 38 years; CD4 cells 0-400, median 20/microliters), 242 blood samples were examined fo
Knox KK; Carrigan DR; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,; USA.
Studies published previously by this laboratory have demonstrated that patients with AIDS have widely disseminated, active infections with HHV-6 at the time of their death. However, it remains unclear when in the course of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection the active HHV-6 infection first appears. To ad
Fischl MA; Finkelstein DM; He W; Powderly WG; Triozzi PL; Steigbigel RT; Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Miami, Florida, USA.
To assess safety, antitumor response, and immunological and virological activity of interferon-alpha 2a and zidovudine combination therapy in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma, we conducted an open-label, Phase II, multicenter study. Sixty-three patients with
Downs AM; De Vincenzi I; European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS,; Hopital National de Saint-Maurice, Saint-Maurice, France.
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of unprotected heterosexual contacts with an HIV-infected person and the probability of HIV transmission. Data from a European study involving 563 heterosexual partners of HIV-infected subjects were analyzed. The number of unprotected c
Beyrer C; Celentano DD; Linpisarn S; Natpratan C; Feng W; Eiumtrakul S; Khamboonruang C; Nelson KE; School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University,; Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
To assess the effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization as an incentive to retention in HIV seroincidence studies and future HIV vaccine trials in northern Thailand , subjects enrolled in three HIV seroincidence cohorts were screened for hepatitis B markers and seronegatives were
Greenland S; Lieb L; Simon P; Ford W; Kerndt P; Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los; Angeles, California, USA.
To estimate the recent course of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) epidemic among men within birth cohorts, ethnic groups, and HIV-risk groups in Los Angeles County, backcalculation methods were combined with log-linear models and census data to reconstruct HIV incidence in subgroups from AIDS surveillance
Kalebic T; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
The capacity of two human fetal glial cell lines, SVG and POJ, to increase the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated. As a cellular model for HIV latency, a chronically infected promonocytic cell line U1 was used. This cell line constitutively expresses a low level of viral activity. To mon
FEBS Lett. 1996 Mar 4;381(3):227-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96176328
Legendre C; Gras G; Krzysiek R; Galanaud P; Richard Y; Dormont D; Service de Neurovirologie, CE-FAR, DSV/DRM/SNV, IPSC, Fontenay; aux Roses, France.
Using our in vitro model of normal B cell infection that functions with low doses of HIV but requires virus opsonization by seropositive patient serum, and complement, we analyzed what receptors allowed virus entry. Here, we show that HIV infection of B cells occurs through 2 major receptors: the CD4 antigen and the C
A new method was developed to study the mechanism of initiation of the retrotransposition cycle: retrotransposons of Drosophila melanogaster, gypsy, copia, and 17.6 were expressed in yeast under the control of potent yeast promoters. Expression of retrotransposons induced formation of viruslike particles (VLPs) associ
Takahashi S; Fossati L; Iwamoto M; Merino R; Motta R; Kobayakawa T; Izui S; Department of Pathology, Centre Medical Universitaire,; University of Geneva, Switzerland.
To investigate the respective roles of Th1 and Th2 cells in the pathogenesis of lupus-like autoimmune disease, we have analyzed the spontaneous and antigen-induced productions of IgG1 vs IgG2a and IgG3 subclasses in relation to the mRNA expression of INF-gamma (Th1 cytokine promoting IgG2a and IgG3 production), IL-4 (
Rehermann B; Lau D; Hoofnagle JH; Chisari FV; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps; Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.
Clearance of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) during acute hepatitis is associated with a strong, polyclonal, multispecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the viral envelope, nucleocapsid and polymerase proteins that persists for decades after clinical recovery. In contrast, chronically infected patients usually
Montecalvo MA; Lee MS; DePalma H; Wynn PS; Lowenfels AB; Jorde U; Wuest D; Klingaman A; O'Brien TA; Calmann M; et al; Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College,; Valhalla, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of major surgical procedures that involve patients having serologic evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a single center in Westchester County, New York. METHODS: Blood samples sent for transfusio
Borman AM; Paulous S; Clavel F; Unite d'Oncologie Virale and CNRS URA 1157, Departement Sida et; Retrovirus, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.
Inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease are a promising class of antiviral agents that dramatically reduce HIV replication both in culture and in infected patients. However, as for many other antiviral compounds, long-term efficacy of these agents is impeded by the emergence of virus variants wit
Zou JX; Luciw PA; Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis,; 95616, USA.
The vif gene (viral infectivity factor) of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) is present in almost all members of the lentivirus group of retroviruses. This gene is highly conserved among different HIV and SIV isolates and is therefore presumed to play an important role in pathogenesis. To ana
Mouroux J; Maalouf J; Padovani B; Rotomondo C; Richelme H; Service de Chirurgie Abdominale et Thoracique, Hopital Pasteur,; Nice, France.
To define the current indications for surgical management of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and analyze the results of operative procedures, the records of 59 patients operated on between January 1987 and December 1993 were reviewed. Three patient categories were defined. Group I patients (n = 25) underwent operation fo
Lancet. 1996 Mar 16;347(9003):718-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96181131
Gilks CF; Ojoo SA; Ojoo JC; Brindle RJ; Paul J; Batchelor BI; Kimari JN; Newnham R; Bwayo J; Plummer FA; Warrell DA; Chinical Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute,; Nairobi, Kenya.
BACKGROUND: HIV infection is a major risk factor for pneumococcal disease in industrialised countries. Although both are common infections in sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have investigated the importance of this interaction. We have followed up a cohort of female sex-workers in Nairobi and report here on the extent
Condos R; McClune A; Rom WN; Schluger NW; Bellevue Chest Service, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY, USA.
BACKGROUND: There is a need for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. We have previously used a PCR to detect circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in blood samples from patients (mostly HIV-infected) with pulmonary tuberculosis. We have now prospectively investigated the role of this blood-based PCR assay f
This report updates and replaces previous recommendations regarding the use of Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine for controlling tuberculosis (TB) in the United States (MMWR 1988;37:663-4, 669-75). Since the previous recommendations were published, the number of TB cases ha
Beginning in 1990, outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have been reported in hospitals and prisons in the eastern United States (1). During June 1991-January 1995, MDR-TB was diagnosed in 47 patients and one health-care worker at a 120-bed, infectious disease referra
Shimoda K; van Deursen J; Sangster MY; Sarawar SR; Carson RT; Tripp RA; Chu C; Quelle FW; Nosaka T; Vignali DA; Doherty PC; Grosveld G; Paul WE; Ihle JN; Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital,; Memphis, Tennessee 38105 USA.
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to cytokines, and are thought to mediate many of their functional responses. Stat6 is activated in response to interleukin (IL)-4 and may contribute to various functions including mitogenesis, T-helper cell
Kwok RP; Laurance ME; Lundblad JR; Goldman PS; Shih H; Connor LM; Marriott SJ; Goodman RH; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; 97201 USA.
The Tax protein of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 activates expression of the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat through a DNA element that resembles the cellular cyclic AMP-regulated enhancer (CRE). Tax contains a transcriptional activation domain, but its ability to activate gene expression depends on interactions wit
Wright TC Jr; Moscarelli RD; Dole P; Ellerbrock TV; Chiasson MA; Vandevanter N; Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of; Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who have mild cytologic atypia. METHODS: As part of an ongoing, prospective study of cervical disease in HIV-infected women, Papanicolaou smears were analyzed cross-s
Phuapradit W; Chaturachinda K; Taneepanichskul S; Sirivarasry J; Khupulsup K; Lerdvuthisopon N; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine,; Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if low levels of serum vitamin A and beta-carotene are present in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. METHODS: Serum concentrations of vitamin A and beta-carotene were measured in 74 pregnant women seropositive for HIV-1 infection (17 with CD4 count below 200 c
Herrmann CH; Gold MO; Rice AP; Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine,; Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II has been implicated as an important step in transcriptional regulation. Previously, we reported that a cellular CTD kinase, TAK, is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus transactivator Tat. In the present study, we
Skripkin E; Isel C; Marquet R; Ehresmann B; Ehresmann C; Unite Propre de Recherche, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et; Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France.
Initiation of reverse transcription is a crucial step of retroviral infection. In HIV-1, it involves hybridization of the 18 3 -terminal nucleotides of the primer tRNA3(Lys) to the primer binding site (PBS) of the viral RNA. Moreover, additional interactions between the two RNAs were recently evidenced [Isel et al. (1
Fletcher CV; Henry WK; Noormohamed SE; Rhame FS; Balfour HH Jr; Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Minnesota Health; Sciences Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
STUDY OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the possibility of a drug interaction with zidovudine and histamine2-receptor antagonists in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. DESIGN. Randomized crossover study. SETTING. University-affiliated research center. PATIENTS. Six HIV-infected individuals. INTERVENTIONS
Mihm LB; Rathbun RC; Resman-Targoff BH; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University; of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, USA.
When given in standard dosages to treat bacterial respiratory and urinary tract infections, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is not commonly associated with hyperkalemia. However, the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has led to increased numbers of patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Langford A; Langer R; Lobeck H; Stolpmann HJ; Pohle HD; Reichart P; Bier J; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Rudolf Virchow University; Clinic, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
Six cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the head and neck of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are described. This article reports the first two cases of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma associated with infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical presentation, result
D'Imperio Lima MR; Alvarez JM; Furtado GC; Kipnis TL; Coutinho A; Minoprio P; Departamento de Imunologia, ICB/USP, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
In this work, the authors analysed T and B lymphocyte subsets and cytokine production in the spleen of BALB/c mice during polyclonal lymphocyte activation (primary infection) and parasite-specific response to Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (secondary infection). The secondary response was evaluated in fully immunoprotec
Boll G; Reimann J; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Ulm, Germany.
Different lineages of thymic and extrathymic T cells are found in the epithelial layer and in the lamina propria of the small and large intestine of euthymic and athymic mice. A single subcutaneous injection of oestradiolvalorat (Progynon-Depot-10, Schering, Berlin, Germany ) into
Laursen E; Larsen L; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital,; Copenhagen, Denmark.
The charts of 187 patients diagnosed at Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen from 1981 through 1989 as having AIDS were reviewed retrospectively in order to examine the extent of their employment and alternative sources of income during the first 2 years after diagnosis. At the time of diagnosis, 50% were actively
Rise J; Jakobsen R; Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Bergen,; Norway.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological organization of attitudes towards public measures instituted to combat AIDS; secondly, to study the cognitive information about HIV transmission upon which these attitudes are based; and thirdly, to study whether education plans and gender also predicted n
Naldini L; Blomer U; Gallay P; Ory D; Mulligan R; Gage FH; Verma IM; Trono D; Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
A retroviral vector system based on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was developed that, in contrast to a murine leukemia virus-based counterpart, transduced heterologous sequences into HeLa cells and rat fibroblasts blocked in the cell cycle, as well as into human primary macrophages. Additionally, the HIV vect
Jin YT; Tsai ST; Yan JJ; Hsiao JH; Lee YY; Su IJ; Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical; College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
A new herpesvirus-like DNA sequence (KSHV) has been recently identified in Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) from patients with AIDS and non-AIDS patients. To verify the specificity of the association of this new viral DNA with KS, a total of 155 cases of benign and malignant vascular neoplasms sharing similar histogenesis of end
Granter SR; Doolittle MH; Renshaw AA; Department of Pathology and Division of Cytology, Brigham and; Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) radiculopathy has been associated with both viral cytopathic inclusions and an increased number of neutrophils in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AIDS. The significance of these findings is unknown. To evaluate this, the auth
Am J Hematol. 1996 Apr;51(4):319-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96180040
Deitcher SR; Erban JK; Limentani SA; Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of; Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, New England; Medical Center Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Investigation of recurrent venous thromboembolic events in a 46-year-old man with progressive IgG kappa (total serum IgG, 74.3 mg/ml) multiple myeloma revealed profound reductions in free protein S (PS) antigen (
Am J Med Sci. 1996 Apr;311(4):178-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96178929
Ashraf M; Gue CL; Baddour LM; Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center,; Knoxville, USA.
Strongyloides stercoralis usually causes chronic asymptomatic infection in humans. However, in patients with AIDS, malignancy, and individuals receiving corticosteroids, disseminated infection can develop, associated with an extremely high mortality rate and frequent treatment failure with thiabendazole. Recently, ive
Am J Med Sci. 1996 Apr;311(4):189-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96178932
Polizzi B; Origgi L; Zuccaro G; Matti P; Scorza R; Institute of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease and; Immunopathology, Univerity of Milan, Italy.
The authors evaluated the clinical efficacy of a treatment with cimetidine and zinc sulphate in a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Cimetidine was given at a dose of 400 mg three times daily; zinc sulphate at a dose of 200 mg daily, then adjusted to maintain blood zinc levels at the upper normal range. T
Papazian L; Fraisse A; Garbe L; Zandotti C; Thomas P; Saux P; Pierrin G; Gouin F; Department of Anesthesia, Hopital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille,; France.
BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) frequently is observed in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of this study was to report cases of ventilator-associated CMV pneumonia diagnosed by pathologic examination in intensive care patients without acquired immunodeficiency
Ann Intern Med. 1996 Mar 1;124(5):459-68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96169943
Goldstein ST; Juranek DD; Ravenholt O; Hightower AW; Martin DG; Mesnik JL; Griffiths SD; Bryant AJ; Reich RR; Herwaldt BL; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral and; Rickettsial Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude and source of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to determine whether the outbreak extended into the immunocompetent population. DESIGN: Matched case-control study and environmental investigation. SETTING: Clark Cou
Ann Neurol. 1996 Mar;39(3):392-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96180920
Johnson RT; Glass JD; McArthur JC; Chesebro BW; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore,; Maryland 21287, USA.
We measured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA in brains of 15 patients who died with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All had been followed prospectively prior to death; 7 were demented and 8 were not demented. HIV was detected in 13 of 15 brains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in the remaining 2
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Mar 7;220(1):203-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96176980
Goobar-Larsson L; Larsson PT; Debouck C; Towler EM; Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, MTC, Karolinska Institute,; Stockholm, Sweden.
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) can specifically enhance HIV-1 proteinase activity in vitro and in eukaryotic cells (1). To determine if the effect of RT on proteinase activity was due to changes in the equilibrium dimerization constant of the proteinase or the stability of the proteinase dimer, we studied the effect
Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Mar 22;51(6):743-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96182768
Althaus IW; Chou KC; Lemay RJ; Franks KM; Deibel MR; Kezdy FJ; Resnick L; Busso ME; So AG; Downey KM; Romero DL; Thomas RC; Aristoff PA; Tarpley WG; Reusser F; Upjohn Laboratories, Kalamazoo 49007-4940, MI USA.
U-31,355, or 4-amino-2-(benzylthio)-6-chloropyrimidine is an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and possesses anti-HIV activity in HIV-1-infected lymphocytes grown in tissue culture. The compound acts as a specific inhibitor of the RNA-directed DNA polymerase function o
Suzuki M; Uno H; Yamashita K; Toyama T; Kubuki Y; Maeda K; Matsuoka H; Ohtaki S; Tsubouchi H; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College,; Japan.
The phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was examined in 13 healthy volunteers, 26 HTLV-I carriers, and 58 ATL patients (22 smouldering, five chronic, 24 acute, and seven lymphoma type). The percentage of CD4+, CD25+, CD28+ and CD45RO+ cells in the PBMC of the chronic and acute type patients was sign
Pauwels R; De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Various compounds could be considered to be vaginal microbicides, preventing heterosexual transmission of HIV (i.e. virucidal agents such as nonoxynol 9 and chlorhexidine) and antiviral agents interfering with either virus adsorption/fusion [polyanionic substances such as polysulfates (i.e. PVAS, PAVAS), polysulfonate
Matsui M; Warburton RJ; Cogswell PC; Baldwin AS Jr; Frelinger JA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North; Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7290, USA.
Tat protein of HIV-1 is a potent transactivator of transcription and essential for HIV-1 replication. In addition, Tat has been proposed to possess immunosuppressive functions, suggesting that Tat may play a direct role in the immune dysfunction associated with AIDS. Recently, it has been reported that Tat represses a
Dereuddre-Bosquet N; Clayette P; Martin M; Mabondzo A; Fretier P; Gras G; Martal J; Dormont D; Service de Neurovirologie, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique,; Institut Paris Sud sur les Cytokines, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
Antiretroviral effects of a new class of interferon (IFN), IFN-tau, were compared with those of IFN-alpha in primary peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), infected in vitro by human immunodeficiency viruses type 1, HIV-1/LAI, and HIV-1/DAS isolates, respectively. Cells were treat
Klausner JD; Makonkawkeyoon S; Akarasewi P; Nakata K; Kasinrerk W; Corral L; Dewar RL; Lane HC; Freedman VH; Kaplan G; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New; York, USA.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine produced during the host defense against infection, is associated with fevers, weakness, and progressive weight loss. Thalidomide inhibits the synthesis of TNF-alpha both in vitro and in vivo and may have clinical usefulness. We therefore initiated a pilot study of t
Hellerstein MK; Wu K; McGrath M; Faix D; George D; Shackleton CH; Horn W; Hoh R; Neese RA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California,; Berkeley, USA.
Cytokines may be involved in weight loss and disturbances of metabolism associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Dietary n-3 fatty acids reduce the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in normal humans and prevent IL-1 and
Steinhart CR; Ash SR; Gingrich C; Sapir D; Keeling GN; Yatvin MB; Mercy Special Immunology Services, Miami, Florida, USA.
The safety and possible efficacy of extracorporeal whole-body hyperthermia (WBHT) were evaluated in the first FDA-approved feasibility study of WBHT in persons with AIDS. Six gay men, aged 20-50 years, CDC class C-3, underwent 1 h of WBHT at either 40 degrees C or 42 degrees C, employing a system that minimizes the ph
Lagarde E; Pison G; Enel C; Laboratoire d'Anthropologie, Biologique, Museum National; d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
This study describes recent sociodemographic and behavioral changes in a rural community in Senegal and investigates how these changes may have modified the risk of HIV/STD transmission. The authors combine findings from two surveys: (a) a marriage survey among all adults of a rur
Shah SM; Shapshak P; Rivers JE; Stewart RV; Weatherby NL; Xin KQ; Page JB; Chitwood DD; Mash DC; Vlahov D; McCoy CB; Comprehensive Drug Research Center, Department of Psychiatry,; University of Miami, Florida, USA.
Shared use of injection equipment (needle/syringes), registering, booting, and backloading are practices among injection drug users (IDUs) that increase the risk for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The sharing of injection paraphernalia (including cookers and cottons) and washwater for rin
Can Med Assoc J. 1996 Mar 1;154(5):665-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96182912
Rowan MS; Toombs M; Bally G; Walters DJ; Henderson J; Department of Health Care and Promotion, CMA, Ottawa, Ontario.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the face and content validity of the CMA s counselling guidelines for HIV serologic testing in order to prepare a revised edition. DESIGN: Qualitative evaluation by structured focus groups in September and October 1994 to assess the relevance, clarity and practicality of the guidelines, followed
Cell Immunol. 1996 Feb 1;167(2):161-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96187842
Sydora BC; Jamieson BD; Ahmed R; Kronenberg M; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of; Medicine 90095-1747, USA.
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are a population of cells consisting mostly of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Although their function is unknown, because of their location within the epithelium it has been postulated that IEL may be involved in defense against infection of the gut mucosa by pathogens including virus
Cell Immunol. 1996 Feb 1;167(2):170-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96187843
Jain SL; Barone KS; Michael JG; Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology,; University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0524, USA.
An orally administered soluble protein antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), enterocoated with an acid-resistant acrylic polymer, induced a strong humoral immune response in BDF1 mice, exhibiting Th2 cell phenotype, typified by increased OVA-specific IgA, IgG1, and IgE antibody responses. This antibody response was accompanied by
Cell Immunol. 1996 Feb 1;167(2):176-87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96187844
Fitzpatrick EA; Kaplan AM; Cohen DA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084, USA.
CD4+ T cells from mice with murine AIDS (MAIDS) have been shown to be unable to respond to TCR stimulation as measured by proliferation, IL-2 production, or IL-2R upregulation, although responsiveness was restored with PMA and ionomycin. In this report we have demonstr
Cell Immunol. 1996 Feb 1;167(2):216-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96187848
Negoro T; Iinuma F; Watanabe M; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical; Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan.
We investigated the cellular induction mechanism of antigen-nonspecific CD8+ T suppressor cells which suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells, by treating BALB/c mice with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a tumor initiator, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a tumor promote
Cayota A; Vuillier F; Gonzalez G; Dighiero G; Unite d'Immunohematologie et d'Immunopathologie, Institut; Pasteur, Paris, France.
It has been proposed that signal transduction defects may, at least partially, account for the functional impairment of CD4+ lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection. Recently, we have demonstrated that unresponsive CD4+ lymphocytes from these patients had reduced protein tyrosine phosphorylation after CD3 engagement, and t
Williams WM; Whalley AS; Comacchio RM; Rosenberg J; Watts RA; Isenberg DA; McCutchan JA; Morrow WJ; IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, LaJolla, CA, USA.
Levels of autoantibodies specific for the histone, H2B, were measured in individuals with HIV infection. In comparison with normal (uninfected) controls, infected patients, particularly those with symptomatic disease, had significantly elevated titres of anti-H2B antibodies. Longitudinal studies confirmed that levels
Expansion of a CD57+CD8+ T lymphocyte subset has been reported in HIV and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Almost all of these T cells lack CD28 expression. While CD28- cells are often associated with anergy, some authors believe their expansion in HIV infection precipitates
Pyrah IT; Watt NJ; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of; Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, UK.
The gross and immunohistological characteristics of the purified protein derivative (PPD)-induced cutaneous DTH reaction were studied in a group of sheep naturally infected with Maedi-Visna virus (MVV), and compared with reactions obtained in a matched control group. There was a marked, but variable, depression in the
Daniel V; Susal C; Weimer R; Zipperle S; Kropelin M; Zimmermann R; Huth-Kuhne A; Opelz G; Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of; Immunology, Umiversity of Heidelberg, Germany.
HIV induces progressive dysfunction followed by numerical depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes. IgG autoantibodies and gp 120-containing immune complexes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AIDS. We carried out a longitudinal study in 19 HIV- and 72 HIV+ haemophilia patients over a 10-year period in order to investig
LeRoith D; Yanowski J; Kaldjian EP; Jaffe ES; LeRoith T; Purdue K; Cooper BD; Pyle R; Adler W; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
The aging process is associated with a significant reduction in circulating GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels. During this period, immune function also declines. Rodent data suggest that treatment with recombinant human GH (rhGH) or rhIGF-I enhances immune function in normal adult mice. To determine w
Ahsan H; Neugut AI; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia; University, NY, USA.
Kaposi s sarcoma and central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma are the 2 most common malignancies related to HIV infection. To investigate the association between Kaposi s sarcoma and CNS lymphoma , a population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted. Using U.S. Surveillance, Ep
Seydel J; Kramer A; Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health,; Univeristy of Bielefeld, Germany.
We present a modelling approach for transmission and population dynamics of human T-cell lymphotropic-virus-type-I (HTLV-I) infection. A steady-state analysis of the model was used to estimate transmission rates for males and females. The rate of heterosexual transmission was 2.7 times higher if the carrier was male.
Sauter MM; Pelchen-Matthews A; Bron R; Marsh M; LaBranche CC; Vance PJ; Romano J; Haggarty BS; Hart TK; Lee WM; Hoxie JA; Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania,; Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
A Tyr to Cys mutation at amino acid position 723 in the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmembrane (TM) molecule has been shown to increase expression of envelope glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells. Here we show that Tyr-723 contributes to a sorting signal that directs the
Nielsen K; Boyer P; Dillon M; Wafer D; Wei LS; Garratty E; Dickover RE; Bryson YJ; Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, 90024-1752,; USA.
The presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) may be a risk factor for perinatal transmission. CVS of 25 women were evaluated for HIV and HIV mucosal antibodies; 16 infants had gastric aspirates cultured. Maternal plasma HIV was measured by quantitative RNA polymerase chain reac
Ramachandran R; Katzenstein DA; Winters MA; Kundu SK; Merigan TC; AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Center for AIDS Research, Stanford; University Medical Center, CA 94305, USA.
The safety and antiviral effects of polyethylene glycolated interleukin-2 (PEG- IL-2 ) and thymosin alpha 1 in addition to zidovudine were studied in 12 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects with 50-250 CD4 T cells/mm3. PEG-IL-2 was administered by intrave
Jackson LA; Spach DH; Kippen DA; Sugg NK; Regnery RL; Sayers MH; Stamm WE; Department of Epidemiology (School of Public Health and Community; Medicine), Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
In 1993, an outbreak of 10 cases of Bartonella quintana bacteremia occurred among homeless, alcoholic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative persons in Seattle. To estimate the prevalence of past exposure B. quintana among this population, a serosurvey was conducted in 1994 among patients at a downtown Seattle c
Franzen C; Kuppers R; Muller A; Salzberger B; Fatkenheuer G; Vetten B; Diehl V; Schrappe M; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne,; Germany.
Sequence data of the small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) gene were used to identify Septata intestinalis in biopsies of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), southern blot hybridization, cloning, and comparative genetic sequencing. DNA products of correct size could be amplified
Kovacs JA; Bechtel C; Davey RT Jr; Falloon J; Polis MA; Walker RE; Metcalf JA; Davey V; Piscitelli SC; Baseler M; Dewar R; Salzman NP; Masur H; Lane HC; National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
A nonrandomized trial was undertaken to evaluate the combination of didanosine and interferon-alpha (INF-alpha) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Thirty-six volunteers with >200 x 10(6) CD4 cells/L received didanosine (one 100-, 250-, or 375-mg sachet twice daily) for at least 6 weeks, following
Cohen OJ; Pantaleo G; Holodniy M; Fox CH; Orenstein JM; Schnittman S; Niu M; Graziosi C; Pavlakis GN; Lalezari J; Bartlett JA; Steigbigel RT; Cohn J; Novak R; McMahon D; Bilello J; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Initiation of antiretroviral monotherapy early in the course of infection with human immunodeficiency virus may result in a temporary slowing in the rate of disease progression; however, little is known about the virologic effects of early therapy. Virus load was measured in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from 16 an
Gebo KA; Moore RD; Keruly JC; Chaisson RE; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
To identify risk factors for pneumococcal infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, a nested case-control study was done in an urban university human immunodeficiency virus clinic. Subjects with pneumococcal illness seen between 1 January 1990 and 1 July 1994 (n=85) were randomly matched to contr
Berkower I; Mostowski H; Bull TE; Murphy D; Laboratories of Immunoregulation, Food and Drug Administration,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
The stoichiometry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inactivation by soluble receptor CD4-IgG hybrid dimers (CD4-IgG) was examined. The extent of HIV-1 inactivation was measured in a sensitive plaque-forming assay, and the corresponding level of CD4-IgG binding was determined by immunofluorescence of infec
Mao C; Harper M; McIntosh K; Reddington C; Cohen J; Bachur R; Caldwell B; Hsu HW; Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Boston,; Massachusetts, USA.
Invasive pneumococcal infection (IPI) is the most common serious bacterial infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. Data from a population-based pediatric HIV surveillance project were used to determine the incidence of IPI in HIV-infected children and to conduct a case-control study assessin
Wong MT; Dolan MJ; Kozlow E; Doe R; Melcher GP; Burke DS; Boswell RN; Vahey M; Department of Infectious Diseases, Wilford Hall Medical Center,; Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 DNA and RNA levels and T lymphocyte cell surface markers were measured in blood serum and cell fractions from asymptomatic infected patients to find novel virologic and immunologic features in early disease predictive of subsequent clinical disease course. Thirty-two patients with
Torriani FJ; Behling CA; McCutchan JA; Haubrich RH; Havlir DV; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
To determine the relationship between levels of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in blood and tissues, histopathologic examination and quantitative MAC cultures were done on blood samples and tissue samples of 7 organs at autopsy of 10 AIDS patients who had been treated for MAC bacteremia. Blood and tissue cultures w
Brunham RC; Kimani J; Bwayo J; Maitha G; Maclean I; Yang C; Shen C; Roman S; Nagelkerke NJ; Cheang M; Plummer FA; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba,; Winnipeg, Canada.
Female sex workers in Nairobi were prospectively evaluated for risk factors of incident Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Independent risk factors included cervical ectopy (P=.007), gonococcal infection (P=.002), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity (P=.003), HIV seroconversion (P=.001), and duration of pr
Nabors GS; Farrell JP; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of; Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
Little is known about the influence of host factors on successful chemotherapy in leishmaniasis. Although successfully treated patients will convert from a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)-negative to a DTH-positive state, the importance of the immune status of the host before treatment remains largely unexplored.
Cherrington JM; Miner R; Hitchcock MJ; Lalezari JP; Drew WL; Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
Cidofovir [1-[(S)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine] susceptibility among 29 paired pre- and post-cidofovir exposure isolates from 22 patients enrolled in phase I/II clinical trial, GS-92-101, was determined. This trial was designed to evaluate the safety and antiviral effects of cidofovir in patients with
Heimer R; Khoshnood K; Jariwala-Freeman B; Duncan B; Harima Y; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of; Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Hepatitis virus infections are common among injecting drug users. Syringes containing hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); syringes containing antibodies to HBV core antigen and HCV were identified by EIA. Syringe use was simulated to determine
Cameron P; Pope M; Granelli-Piperno A; Steinman RM; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller; University, New York, USA.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a distinct lineage of white cells that arise from CD34+ progenitors in the bone marrow. DCs exhibit many specializations that lead to efficient antigen capture and presentation to T cells, both CD4+ helpers and CD8+ killers. In several human tissues, DCs express the CD4 receptor for HIV-1. So
Visvesvara GS; Leitch GJ; Wallace S; Seaba C; Erdman D; Ewing EP Jr; National Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Department of; Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidian that causes a severe, debilitating, chronic diarrhea in some patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Specific diagnosis of E. bieneusi currently requires an invasive biopsy procedure and time-consuming preparation of specimens for electron microscopy. Our attem
Stanfield-Oakley SA; Griffith JD; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North; Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
ACH-2 cells, an immortalized human T-cell line, contain a single integrated copy of the HIV-1 provirus. Here, the structure of HIV-1 chromatin was probed using a DNA cleavage reagent. Nuclei were isolated from ACH-2 cells and treated with methidiumpropyl-EDTA (MPE)-iron(II) to produce limited DNA cleavage. Primers wer
JAMA. 1996 Jan 17;275(3):189-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96190413
Pinner RW; Teutsch SM; Simonsen L; Klug LA; Graber JM; Clarke MJ; Berkelman RL; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
OBJECTIVE--To evaluate recent trends in infectious diseases mortality in the United States . DESIGN--Descriptive study of infectious disease mortality, classifying International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes as infectious diseases, consequence of infectious diseases,
JAMA. 1996 Jan 17;275(3):194-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96190414
Plouffe JF; Breiman RF; Facklam RR; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Medical; Center, Columbus 43210, USA.
OBJECTIVE--To determine the incidence and mortality rates of patients with bacteremic infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae, and to determine the serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibilities of the pneumococcal isolates. DESIGN--Prospective case ascertainment and procurement of S pneumoniae isolates between January
JAMA. 1996 Jan 17;275(3):210-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96190417
Hu DJ; Dondero TJ; Rayfield MA; George JR; Schochetman G; Jaffe HW; Luo CC; Kalish ML; Weniger BG; Pau CP; Schable CA; Curran JW; Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD,; and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
The discovery of highly divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) not reliably detected by a number of commonly used diagnostic tests has underscored the need for effective surveillance to track HIV variants and to direct research and prevention activities. Pathogens such as HIV that mutate extensively p
The Public Health Service (PHS) has recommended a multifaceted approach to blood safety in the United States that includes stringent donor selection practices and the use of screening tests. Blood donations in the United States have been screened for antibody to human immunodeficiency
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is diagnosed routinely by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for HIV-1 antibody; a nonreactive blood sample is designated as negative without further testing. However, one limitation of this screening algorithm is that a blood sample may be obtained from a patient with recen
Kerdine S; Lebrec H; Bertoglio J; Pallardy M; Laboratoire d'Immunotoxicologie, INSERM CJF 93-01, Paris, France.
Despite a large number of studies on the Thl/Th2 balance during immune response to pathogens or protein antigens, little is known concerning the early events which regulate Thl/Th2 differentiation following a single injection of haptenic compounds. In this work, we studied how two mouse strains with different MHC hapl
Wikstrom M; Wennstrom JL; Renvert S; Jonsson R; Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Odontology, Goteborg; University, Sweden.
In this study, various phenotypes of infiltrating cells in the periodontium adjacent to pockets harboring Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were evaluated. Furthermore, the pattern of class II antigen expression in the periodontal tissues was determined. Eight lesions were associated wi
Williams RD; Lee BA; Jackson SP; Proudfoot NJ; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford,; Oxford, UK.
Transcription from a minimal HIV-1 promoter containing the three Sp1 binding sites and TATA box can be activated without Tat by template DNA replication. Here we show that this activation can also be mediated by recombinant GAL4 fusion proteins containing the activation domains of Sp1, VP16 or CTF (or by full-length G
Bechtel-Boenning C; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Antiretroviral drugs have been the mainstay of treatment for HIV infection. New categories of antiretrovirals and recommendations for treatment have emerged as a result of basic science research, new understandings of the infectious process, and data from clinical studies. This article summarizes the currently availab
Sowell RL; Christensen P; University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
HIV/AIDS is recognized as a growing problem in rural America. The community response model presented in this article provides a framework for developing a comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS education and services. The model, while providing guidance in program development, allows for the adaptation of the model to add
Hutchins SA; Eckes R; HIV Research Clinic, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Many HIV-positive patients are involved in clinical trials. While working with the HIV-positive patient, the nurse is confronted with the challenge of a rapidly changing environment of collective knowledge. The nurse may meet a patient at any stage of drug or biologic development; therefore, it is very important to un
Schietinger H; Daniels EM; Offices of HIV/AIDS Policy and Public Health Science, Department; of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA.
In this article, the results are presented of interviews with people with HIV (consumers) about what their health care providers need to learn. Also emphasized in this article is the importance of incorporating the input of people with HIV at all levels of the health services system, the description of the AIDS Educat
Engle J; HIV Research Clinic, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center,; National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C., USA.
Even if there were antiretrovirals developed that could completely eliminate HIV from the body, it is thought that immune-based therapy would still be necessary. Pervasive damage occurs in the immune system even in early stages of the disease, and this damage would not be corrected by antiretrovirals. Several differen
Boland M; School of Nursing, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New; Jersey, Newark, USA.
Over the past 12 years there have been many advances in the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric AIDS as well as the unfolding of a pandemic that is a worldwide concern. Whereas in the United States 1100 cases of pediatric HIV and more than 6000 cases of pediatric AIDS ha
Sherwen LN; Storm DS; Trenton State College, School of Nursing, Trenton, New Jersey,; USA.
Although there has been extensive research concerning pediatric infection and disease, most of this work has focused on medical and basic science issues. Additional research is needed to provide an empirical basis for nursing interventions. Nursing research can also contribute to the development of health care deliver
O'Hara MJ; D'Orlando D; National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center, Newark, New; Jersey, USA.
This article addresses issues related to the detection of HIV infection in children, primary care guidelines and modifications, treatment of HIV-associated problems, and supportive therapies within the context of family-centered care. This article also addresses the ongoing medical care of HIV-infected children and th
Czarniecki L; Children's Hospital AIDS Program, United Health Care System,; Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Nurses in the Children s Hospital AIDS Program have cared for over 600 children with HIV/AIDS since the disease was first recognized in children. During that time, we have developed models of care and clinical interventions based on nursing theory and research findings whenever possible. The new challenges of this dis
Lewis SL; Wesley Y; Haiken HJ; National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center, University of; Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School,; Newark, New Jersey, USA.
In this article, the authors examine the spectrum of HIV disease as it affects parents and their children from the initial diagnosis through the progression of the disease. The psychosocial factors affecting access to health care, family relationships, and issues of loss are focused on. Practitioner guidelines for ass
Gross EJ; Larkin MH; National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center, University of; Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School,; Newark, New Jersey, USA.
HIV-infected children attend day care programs and schools in communities throughout the United States . This article examines the care of these children in the school and child care environment. Legal issues of school access, confidentiality, and school policies are discussed. Specific
Burr CK; National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center, University of; Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New; Jersey, USA.
Nurses find that caring for clients with HIV disease can be exceptionally rewarding but can also be stressful and frustrating. Stressors in HIV work arise both from specific issues related to HIV and from more generic concerns arising from caring for clients with a chronic illness in an environment of limited resource
Grady C; Kelly G; National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Developing a vaccine able to prevent HIV infection would be a great benefit to the world. Vaccines have contributed to substantially reduced morbidity and mortality from several important infectious diseases. However, HIV has some characteristics that distinguish it from many other viruses and make vaccine development
Barrick B; Vogel S; Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
The HIV epidemic has challenged nursing to rethink the tools it uses and to consider how traditional medical tools may be used in the assessment of nursing problems. This article presents information for the direct care nurse on laboratory tests and how they may be used to meet the traditional needs of physiologic ass
McEnany GW; Hughes AM; Lee KA; Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of; California, San Francisco, USA.
This article (1) addresses current perspectives on depression as a psychobiologic condition, which in the case of major depression constitutes a bona fide disease state, (2) explores the complex relationship between HIV and depressive illness, and (3) addresses how this new knowledge serves to enhance nursing assessme
Ungvarski PJ; Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, New York, USA.
This article describes the development and implementation of the AIDS home care program at the Visiting Nurse Service of New York (VNSNY). The challenges to VNSNY staff are diverse and include (1) dealing with staff who are infected or affected by HIV in their own families; (2) working with other community-based case
Abercrombie PD; Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of; California, San Francisco, USA.
The route of transmission, clinical manifestations, survival time, and the impact on reproductive health are just a few examples of how HIV affects women differently than men. In addition, there are many social factors that also have tremendous impact on the health of women with HIV. This article reviews many of the i
Weinstock FJ; Weinstock MB; Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown,; USA.
Primary care physicians have an important role in diagnosing and treating eye disorders--including dacryocystitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis--and in determining when ophthalmologic referral is needed. Fundus examination for diagnosis of glaucoma and diabetic eye complications should be a part of the routine exam
South Med J. 1996 Mar;89(3):272-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96185167
Korraa H; Saadeh C; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health; Sciences Center, Amarillo, 79106, USA.
The increased resistance, intolerance, or allergy to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) has brought much attention to alternative treatment of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii (PCP). Pentamidine is considered when there is documented allergy or intolerance to TMP/SMX. Similarly, either dapsone/trimethopri
South Med J. 1996 Mar;89(3):354-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96185186
Flemmer M; Oldfield EC 3rd; Melek BH; Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk,; VA 23507, USA.
We describe a case of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection that initially appeared to be bacterial sepsis. A marked increase in band forms was seen in the peripheral blood of our patient, with no increase in atypical lymphocytes. Having reviewed the most recent literature, we find this to be common, particular
Korelitz JJ; Busch MP; Williams AE; Westat, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA.
BACKGROUND: There currently is debate on whether to include new assays for viral antigens and nucleic acids in the battery of screening tests applied to all blood donations. Proposals call for implementation of p24 antigen screening tests to help identify donors who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus type
Korelitz JJ; Busch MP; Kleinman SH; Williams AE; Zuck TF; Gilcher RO; Ownby HE; Co Chien H; Nemo GJ; Westat, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA.
BACKGROUND: The value of the test for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) as a surrogate screening assay in the time before sensitive, virus-specific screening tests were available has been well established. There is significant debate, however about the residual value of anti-HBc screening after the imple
Ragni MV; Koch WC; Jordan JA; Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania, University of; Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA.
BACKGROUND: The long-term consequences of parvovirus B19 infection in transfusion recipients are not known, and thus the value of B19 screening of blood donors remains unresolved. Hemophiliacs, at risk for B19 through their chronic exposure to clotting factor concentrates, have frequent, close medical follow-up and th
Sawanpanyalert P; Uthaivoravit W; Yanai H; Limpakarnjanarat K; Mastro TD; Nelson KE; Ministry of Public Health of Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection donation deferral criteria for blood donors in an HIV-epidemic area of northern Thailand , where the predominant means of transmission of HIV is through heterosexual contact. STUDY DE
Macgrogan G; Vergier B; Dubus P; Beylot-Barry M; Belleannee G; Delaunay MM; Eghbali H; Beylot C; Rivel J; Trojani M; Vital C; De Mascarel A; Bloch B; Merlio JP; Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de; Bordeaux, France.
The authors have analyzed and compared the clinicopathologic and molecular features of 16 cases of large cell cutaneous lymphomas expressing CD30 antigen. Three main clinical groups were defined: (1) a group of localized skin disease (7 cases); (2) a group of multicentric skin disease (5 cases); and (3) a group of con
Navarro JF; Quereda C; Quereda C; Gallego N; Antela A; Mora C; Ortuno J; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
Foscarnet is used as therapy of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection in immunosuppressed subjects. We present a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection under treatment with foscarnet for CMV retinitis who complained of
Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Apr;121(4):391-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96179409
Walter KA; Coulter VL; Palay DA; Taravella MJ; Grossniklaus HE; Edelhauser H F; Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,; USA.
PURPOSE: We studied six patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had cytomegalovirus retinitis and abnormal endothelial deposits in at least one eye, to characterize their corneal endothelial deposits. METHODS: The corneas of the six patients were examined by slit-lamp
Am J Public Health. 1996 Mar;86(3):376-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96181595
Blanche S; Mayaux MJ; Veber F; Landreau A; Courpotin C; Vilmer E; Ciraru-Vigneron N; Flock C; Tricoire J; Noseda G; Retbi JM; Rouzioux C; Unite d'Immunologie et d'Hematologie and INSERM, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVES. We studied the risk and circumstances of separation (due to either maternal death or drug use) between women infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and their children. METHODS. This analysis was based on the French Prospective Study of Infants Born to HIV-seropositive Women (1986 through 199
Am J Public Health. 1996 Apr;86(4):505-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96188726
Singh GK; Yu SM; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vital; Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 29782, USA.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined trends and differentials in US childhood mortality from 1950 through 1993 according to sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income, and cause of death. METHODS: Log-linear, multiple regression, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to the data from the National V
Am J Public Health. 1996 Apr;86(4):554-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96188735
Choi KH; Catania JA; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine,; University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105,; USA.
We compared data from two independent, representative samples of the US population to determine whether heterosexual adults 18 to 49 years of age modified their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors between 1990/91 and 1992. We found little change in multiple sexual partnerships, having a risky partner, an
Friedman M; Venkatesan TK; Caldarelli DD; Department of Otolaryngology and Bronchoesophagology, Rush; Medical College, Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center,; Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS), the most frequent malignant neoplasm associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, often involves the oropharynx and larynx. This study evaluated the efficacy of intralesional vinblastine sulfate injection in oropharyngeal and laryngeal KS. Twenty-four human immunodeficiency virus-positive
Luzzati R; Ferrari S; Nicolato A; Piovan E; Malena M; Merighi M; Morbin M; Gerosa M; Rizzuto N; Concia E; Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of; Verona, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the diagnostic efficacy and safety of stereotactic brain biopsy and its impact on treatment, outcome, and survival in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with focal brain lesions. METHODS: Computed tomography-guided stereotactic brain biopsy was performed in 26 patients,
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Feb 15;219(2):337-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96193652
Balzarini J; Aquaro S; Perno CF; Witvrouw M; Holy A; De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
The (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) derivatives of adenine (PMPA) and 2,6-diaminopurine (PMPDAP) were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on HIV replication in several human cell systems, including natural peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and freshly isolated monocyte/macrophages (M/M). T
T22 ([Tyr5,12, Lys7]-polyphemusin II) has been shown to have strong anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. The precise mechanism of action of T22 on HIV-replication has not been elucidated yet, nor have the targets of T22 been identified. However, our previous research suggested that T22 exerts its effect b
Bogers WM; Niphuis H; ten Haaft P; Laman JD; Koornstra W; Heeney JL; Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre,; Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether prior infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)BK28 protects macaques from subsequent exposure to an HIV-1 envelope chimeric SIV (SHIV). Also, to determine the consequences of viral challenge on CD4 numbers and virus load on the current SIV infection. DESIGN AND METHODS: A tot
Roques PA; Gras G; Parnet-Mathieu F; Mabondzo AM; Dollfus C; Narwa R; Marce D; Tranchot-Diallo J; Herve F; Lasfargues G; et al; Department of Neurovirology, DSV/DRM/C.E.A.-SSA, Fontenay aux; Roses, France.
OBJECTIVE: A case of HIV infection clearance in a perinatally infected infant has been recently reported. We report here on the molecular, biological and clinical features of such virus clearance in 12 children. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the diagnosis in our 6-year cohort of 188 chil
Lukashov VV; Goudsmit J; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Russian Academy of Medical; Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
OBJECTIVE: To address the question of whether T-cell-line adaptation of the original LAI and MN (NM) HIV-1 populations biased the interpretation of the intraindividual and population-wide virus distributions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: HIV-1 genomic RNA coding for the gp120 C2V3 region was obtained from serum samples of pa
el-Amad Z; Murthy KK; Higgins K; Cobb EK; Haigwood NL; Levy JA; Steimer KS; Chiron Biocine, Emeryville, California 94608-2916, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vaccination with recombinant HIV-1SF2 gp120 in a novel oil-in-water adjuvant emulsion, MF59, protects chimpanzees against challenge with HIV-1SF2, the homologous virus isolate. METHODS: Two vaccinated chimpanzees and two control animals were challenged with 25-50 animal infectious doses
Ingrand D; Weber J; Boucher CA; Loveday C; Robert C; Hill A; Cammack N; Department of Medical Virology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital,; Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of 3TC (lamivudine), a synthetic nucleoside analogue that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase in vitro, as treatment for HIV-positive, asymptomatic or mild AIDS-related complex patients. DESIGN: Open-label, multinati
Kim DD; Chien YW; Controlled Drug-Delivery Research Center, College of Pharmacy,; Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of transdermal delivery of anti-HIV drugs in order to maintain blood concentration within the therapeutic range for longer duration and to reduce the side-effects associated with high dose administration. DESIGN AND METHODS: The effects of vehicles and enhancers on the skin permeati
Moore RD; Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; 21205, USA.
OBJECTIVES: Rifabutin prophylaxis has been shown to significantly decrease the incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteremia in two randomized controlled clinical trials, but a survival benefit has not been observed. An analysis of complete follow-up of these patients through August 1992 was performed to a
Antinori A; Murri R; Ammassari A; De Luca A; Linzalone A; Cingolani A; Damiano F; Maiuro G; Vecchiet J; Scoppettuolo G; et al; Department of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome,; Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of three regimens for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) and to evaluate their effect on survival in patients with HIV infection. DESIGN: Randomized, open label, prospective trial. SETTING: A single Infectious
Ghirardini A; Puopolo M; Rossetti G; Mancuso G; Perugini L; Piseddu G; Chiarotti F; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute; of Health, Rome, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate survival trends for persons with haemophilia and HIV/AIDS. DESIGN AND METHODS: Survival analysis conducted among the cohort of HIV-positive haemophiliacs with AIDS at the Italian Haemophilia Registry. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival times, stratifying for demographic and clini
Messiah A; Blin P; Fiche V; Public Health and Epidemiology Service, INSERM U292, Bicetre; Hospital, Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a quantitative and population-based analysis of sexual repertoires among heterosexuals. DESIGN: The French National Survey of Sexual Behaviour (ACSF), conducted between September 1991 and February 1992 on a representative sample of the population aged 18-69 years. METHODS: Sexual practices of the
Griffith R; Mandalia S; Beck EJ; Kenny C; Watkins RP; Claydon E; Harris JR; Academic Department of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital Medical; School, London, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To describe HIV-related media events in the context of first-time HIV-1-antibody testing trends at a London genitourinary medicine clinic. DESIGN: Demographic and behavioural data were collected prospectively for individuals tested for HIV-1 antibodies between September 1985 and September 1993, at the genit
Floreani A; Paternoster D; Zappala F; Cusinato R; Bombi G; Grella P; Chiaramonte M; Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Internal Medicine,; University of Padova, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical aspects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver disease in anti-HCV+ve mothers, both during pregnancy and six months after delivery, and to assess the outcome of pregnancy. SETTING: Obstetric department for high risk pregnancies of the University of Padova,
A host cell-derived tRNA3Lys molecule is utilized by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) to prime DNA synthesis from the viral RNA genome. We performed fluorescence titration experiments to characterize the interaction between RT and its natural primer, tRNA3Lys, and to address RT s
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) is a lethal disease caused by a defect in the gene encoding the common gamma chain (gamma-c) of the receptor for interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the current the
Taylor N; Uribe L; Smith S; Jahn T; Kohn DB; Weinberg K; Division of Research Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation,; Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
X-SCID, the most common form of human SCID, is due to mutations in the common gamma chain gene (gamma-c) that encodes an essential component of the cytokine receptors for interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. Activation of the Janus family tyrosine kinases
Hacein-Bey H; Cavazzana-Calvo M; Le Deist F; Dautry-Varsat A; Hivroz C; Riviere I; Danos O; Heard JM; Sugamura K; Fischer A; De Saint Basile G; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U429,; Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
SCID X1 is characterized by faulty T-cell and natural killer cell differentiation caused by mutation of the gamma-c chain gene encoding a number of multiple cytokine receptors (interleukin-2 [ IL-2 ], IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors). To assess the feasibility of i
Laurence J; Mitra D; Steiner M; Staiano-Coico L; Jaffe E; Laboratory for AIDS Virus Research,Department of Medicine,; Cornell University Medical College, New York 10021, USA.
The pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is obscure. It is manifested classically by platelet thrombi and localized microvascular endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, in the absence of an inflammatory response. It is statistically associated with human retroviral disease, but pathological studies
Moss P; Gillespie G; Frodsham P; Bell J; Reyburn H; Department of Haematology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The; Churchill Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
Patients with paraproteinemia have abnormalities in their T-cell subsets including inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio and increased expression of activation markers. Recently, distortions in T-cell receptor (TCR) TCRAV and TCRBV gene segment expression have been reported, although the significance of these observations is
Scuderi R; Palucka KA; Pokrovskaja K; Bjorkholm M; Wiman KG; Pisa P; Division of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Using Western blot analysis, we examined cyclin E and cyclin A protein levels in 19 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ([ALL] 15 B-ALL and four T-ALL). Whereas normal, nonproliferating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) expressed low levels of the 50-kD cyclin E, ALL blasts in the peripheral blood, alt
Mori N; Prager D; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School; of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, 90048, USA.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines constitutively produce high levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). To analyze the mechanisms that lead to the expression of IL-1alpha in HTLV-I-infected cell lines, we studied regulatory regions of the human IL-1alpha promoter involved in activation
Schwartz-Watts D; Montgomery LD; Morgan DW; William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC 29203, USA.
Medical records of inpatients discharged from a forensic unit in Columbia, South Carolina, from January 1991 to December 1991 were reviewed to determine the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity. Results were linked to age, gender, ethnicity, history of intravenous drug use, and Axis I diagnos
Kuipers ME; Huisman JG; Swart PJ; de Bethune MP; Pauwels R; Schuitemaker H; De Clercq E; Meijer DK; Section of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery, University Center; for Pharmacy, Groningen Institute for Drug Studies (GIDS), The; Netherlands.
A novel class of polyanionic proteins with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity, the negatively charged albumins (NCAs), have been reported previously. In vitro antiviral assays established that these compounds preferentially inhibit virus-cell fusion and syncytium formation and that virus-cell bin
Granowitz EV; Saget BM; Angel JB; Wang MZ; Wang A; Dinarello CA; Skolnik PR; Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center Hospitals,; Boston 02111, USA.
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding protein-1 (r-h TBP-1) and recombinant human soluble dimeric TNF receptor (rhu TNFR:Fc) were used to determine the relative contributions of TNF to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and cytokine-induced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in chroni
Pellegrin I; Legrand E; Neau D; Bonot P; Masquelier B; Pellegrin JL; Ragnaud JM; Bernard N; Fleury HJ; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Bordeaux, France.
HIV-1 primary infection is characterized by a short high titer viremia, which rapidly declines as the immune response emerges. The role of autologous neutralizing antibodies in the decline of viral replication was evaluated in 12 patients with primary or recent HIV-1 infection. Neutralizing antibodies detected for eac
Rubinstien EM; Madden GM; Lyons RW; Department of Medicine, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical; Center, Hartford, CT 06105, USA.
This article describes the features of active tuberculosis in HIV-infected injecting drug users (IDUs) from a low-rate tuberculosis area. The cohort was followed in a hospital-based HIV/AIDS registry, and data were extracted from the registry, patient charts, and the Tuberculosis Control Program of the Connecticut Hea
Chaisson RE; Keruly JC; McAvinue S; Gallant JE; Moore RD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
To determine the impact of a food voucher incentive and patient education program on compliance with tuberculin skin test (PPD, purified protein derivative) performance in HIV-infected adults, we analyzed return rates for PPD reading for patients at our urban HIV clinic. The groups studied included patients who receiv
Shepp DH; Moses JE; Kaplan MH; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital,; Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
To determine the prevalence and effect of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) co-infection on clinical outcome, the seroepidemiology of CMV was examined in 196 demographically diverse patients with advanced HIV disease. Thirty-six (18.4%)
Mauss S; Adams O; Willers R; Jablonowski H; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology,; University of Dusseldorf, Germany.
HIV-seropositive patients (n = 67) who had tolerated zidovudine for at least 24 weeks and deteriorated clinically or immunologically within 12 weeks prior to study entry were allocated in an alternating manner to didanosine chewable tablets (400 mg/day) plus zidovudine (500 mg/day) or dideoxicytidine capsules (2.25 mg
Kuhn L; Bobat R; Coutsoudis A; Moodley D; Coovadia HM; Tsai WY; Stein ZA; Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY; 10032, USA.
Data from a prospective study undertaken at an urban hospital in Durban, South Africa , were used to investigate associations between maternal-infant HIV transmission, mode of delivery, and specific circumstances of cesarean deliveries. A total of 141 children of HIV-infected women
Mnyika KS; Klepp KI; Kvale G; Ole-King'ori N; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili; University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Risk factors for HIV-1 infection among women were assessed through a population-based cross-sectional study in the Arusha region of northern Tanzania . The study participants were obtained by randomly selecting 10-household clusters from Unga limited, the town of Babati, and the r
Sirisopana N; Torugsa K; Mason CJ; Markowitz LE; Jugsudee A; Supapongse T; Chuenchitra C; Michael RA; Burke DS; Singharaj P; Johnson AE; McNeil JG; McCutchan FE; Carr JK; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Royal Thai; Army, Bangkok, Thailand.
Geographic and demographic correlates of risk for HIV-1 seropositivity were studied in 120,216 young men selected by lottery for service in the Royal Thai Army (RTA). The study population consisted of men selected between November 1991 and May 1993. Venous blood was collected at induction, and a brief demographic ques
Neaigus A; Friedman SR; Jose B; Goldstein MF; Curtis R; Ildefonso G; Des Jarlais DC; National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY 10013,; USA.
In a cross-sectional study of 174 new injecting drug users (IDUs) in New York City who had injected for
Tornatore KM; Reed K; Venuto R; Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, State; University of New York at Buffalo, Erie County Medical Center; 14260, USA.
Glucocorticoids are commonly prescribed in the post transplant period as a component of combination immunosuppressive regimens. However, the daily 24-hour pattern of helper lymphocytes (CD4+) and suppressor cells (CD8+) during chronic methylprednisolone therapy has not been examined in renal transplant recipients in r
EMBO J. 1996 Mar 1;15(5):1112-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183196
Van Lint C; Emiliani S; Ott M; Verdin E; The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030,; USA.
After integration in the host cell genome, the HIV-1 provirus is packaged into chromatin. A specific chromatin disruption occurs in the HIV-1 promoter during transcriptional activation in response to TNF-alpha, suggesting that chromatin plays a repressive role in HIV-1 transcription and that chromatin modification(s)
Bordon J; Martinez-Vazquez C; Alvarez M; Miralles C; Ocampo A; de la Fuente-Aguado J; Sopena-Perez Arguelles B; Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Xeral of Vigo, University of; Santiago Compostela, Spain.
To determine the prevalence and the clinical and serological findings of neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) tests, CD4+ lymphocyte counts and determination of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers were performed in 972 HIV-infected patients over a period of 3.5 years. Patient
Simonney N; Molina JM; Molimard M; Oksenhendler E; Perronne C; Lagrange PH; Service de Microbiologie, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
Using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test, the concentrations of IgG antibodies against 2,3 diacyl trehalose (DAT) and phenolic glycolipid Tb1 (PGLTb1) were measured in the sera of 153 patients with active tuberculosis, 50 of whom were coinfected with HIV, and in the sera of 152 healthy blood donors, 149 asymptomatic HIV
Letillois MF; Laigle V; Santoro F; Micoud M; Chumpitazi BF; Service de Parasitologie, Hopital Albert Michallon, Grenoble,; France.
The major surface antigen from the proliferative form of Toxoplasma gondii (P-30 of SAG-1) was chosen as a target for exploration of Toxoplasma gondii reactivation in sera from immunocompromised patients. Samples were obtained from 37 HIV-infected subjects with lymphocyte levels of CD4+
Coagulase-negative staphylococci recently have been implicated as a cause of serious infections in immunocompromised individuals. An unusual case of community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus cohnii in an HIV-infected drug user is described. Results of a study conducted to examine the prevalence of infection d
Antinori S; Galimberti L; Tadini GL; Ridolfo AL; Parravicini C; Esposito R; Moroni M; Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Milan, L. Sacco; Hospital, Italy.
Two patients with AIDS and disseminated tuberculosis characterized by cutaneous involvement are reported. They developed a maculopapular skin eruption, from which a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was isolated. In both cases the clinical course was rapidly fatal. Tuberculosis cutis miliaris disse
Weshch D; Kabelitz D; Friese K; Pechhold K; Department of Immunology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen,; Germany.
Human gamma delta T lymphocytes expressing the variable T cell receptor elements V gamma 9 paired with V delta 2 are activated by antigen derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) and presented by antigen-presenting cells (APC). The subsequent proliferation is strictly dependent on the presence of CD4+ TCR alph
Hino A; Nariuchi H; Department of Allergology, Institute of Medical Science,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been shown to be produced by monocytes by the ligation of CD40. In the present experiments, IL-12 is shown to be produced by murine spleen antigen-presenting cells (APC) by interaction with T helper 1 (Th1) clones through CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction, but not with Th2 clones. The IL-
Ozawa H; Aiba S; Nakagawa; Tagami H; Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine,; Sendai, Japan.
CD80(B7-1) and CD86(B7-2) co-stimulatory molecules have been reported to activate Th1/Th2 development pathways differentially. It is well known that Langerhans cells (LC), potent antigen-presenting dendritic cells in the epidermis, express several co-stimulatory molecules and that this expression is modulated by sever
Kawamoto Y; Sasaki K; Kato Y; Kojima K; Tsuji T; Miyama A; Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of; Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
We examined the effect of murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) on the proliferation of murine lymph node T cells (LN-T) in vitro. An IEL fraction prevented the proliferation of LN-T stimulated with antigen and X-irradiated spleen cells, or with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Concanavalin A-activa
Heufler C; Koch F; Stanzl U; Topar G; Wysocka M; Trinchieri G; Enk A; Steinman RM; Romani N; Schuler G; Department of Dermatology, University of Innsbruck, Australia.
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a 70-kDa heterodimeric cytokine composed of covalently linked p35 and p40 chains, is to date the most critical factor for skewing the immune response towards a T helper 1 (Th1) of cytokine profile [high interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), low IL-4]. Established sources of IL-12 are stimulated macroph
Schmid-Antomarchi H; Benkirane M; Breittmayer V; Husson H; Ticchioni M; Devaux C; Rossi B; INSERM U 364, Unite d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire,; Faculte de Medecine, Nice, France.
T cell surface CD4 molecules act as co-receptors that amplify the T cell receptor (TcR)/CD3-induced signal transduction by a mechanism that requires the interaction of CD4 with p56lck tyrosine kinase (Veillette et al.; Nature 1989 338:257). Here, we demonstrate that in the absence of TcR signaling, heat-inactivated HI
Soderberg LS; Flick JT; Barnett, JB; Department of Microbiology, University of Arkansas for Medical; Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
Abuse of nitrite inhalants is widespread among male homosexuals and has been epidemiologically correlated with seropositivity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to Kaposi s sarcoma. These drugs may act as cofactors in AIDS if they compromise the ability to resist infection or tumor growth. We have previously re
Hosp J. 1995;10(3):27-38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96189779
Murrant G; Strathdee SA
Despite the fact that volunteers are an integral component of an AIDS hospice program, there are few studies describing the motivations they may have in choosing to become involved in an AIDS hospice such as Casey House Hospice in Toronto, Ontario, Canada . This study made use of ex
Kanaly ST; Hines SA; Palmer GH; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington; State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
Rhodococcus equi, and intracellular respiratory pathogen, causes sever e granulomatous pneumonia in humans with AIDS and in young horses. Pulmonary clearance of R. equi requires functional CD4+ T cells and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression from bronchial lymph node cells. The purpose of this study was to investi
Grassi F; Perronne C; Levacher-Clergeot M; Cohen Y; Maslo C; Chau F; Sinet M; Pocidalo JJ; Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hopital Raymond; Poincare, Garches, France.
The murine leukemia virus LP-BM5 has been used to reproduce the model of murine AIDS in order to evaluate the course of infection with the MO-1 strain of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). LP-BM5 was inoculated in C57BL/6 mice by intravenous (i.v.) injection either 8 weeks before an i.v. challenge with 10(3) or 10(6)
Qu XD; Harwig SS; Oren AM; Shafer WM; Lehrer RI; Department of Medicine, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los; Angeles, California, USA.
We developed a sensitive and quantitative radial diffusion method to ascertain the susceptibility of six strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial peptides derived from mammalian leukocytes. The test organisms included the well-characterized serum-resistant FA19 and serum-sensitive F62 strains plus four antibi
Nakane A; Nishikawa S; Sasaki S; Miura T; Asano M; Kohanawa M; Ishiwata K; Minagawa T; Department of Bacteriology, Hirosaki University School of; Medicine, Japan.
The production and roles of endogenous interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 in a sublethal infection with Listeria monocytogenes were studies in normal mice and anti-gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) monoclonal antibody (MAb)-pretreated mice. In normal mice, the expression of mRNAs for IL-4 and IL-10, which was amplified by reve
Lin Y; Zhang M; Hofman FM; Gong J; Barnes PF; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Los; Angeles, California, USA.
Depressed Th1 responses are a prominent feature of human tuberculosis, but an enhanced Th2 response has not been detected in peripheral blood T cells stimulated in vitro with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In disease due to Mycobacterium leprae, Th2 cells predominate in tissue lesions of patients with extensive disease b
With the mounting incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection not projected to peak until a decade into the next century, the question of nurses willingness to engage in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) care remains important. Published data, however, do not support the frequently cited view that pos
Justice AC; Aiken LH; Smith HL; Turner BJ; Center for Health Services and Policy Research, School of; Nursing; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104-6096,; USA.
To assess the independent prognostic role of functional status, as reflected by a measure of an inpatient s global requirement for nursing assistance with basic activities of daily living (Global ADL), we compared Global ADL with three validated AIDS mortality predictors: the Clinical AIDS Prognostic Staging (CAPS); t
J Med Microbiol. 1996 Apr;44(4):311-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96198489
Wu T; Samaranayake LP; Cao BY; Wang J; Oral Biology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong.
In-vitro proteinase production by oral Candida albicans isolates from patients with and without HIV infection (18 isolates from each group) was assessed by image analysis of a plate assay, with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a substrate. The effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of nystatin, amphot
Chintu C; Luo C; Bhat G; DuPont HL; Mwansa-Salamu P; Kabika M; Zumla A; Department of Paediatrics, university Teaching Hospital, Lusaka,; Zambia.
The seroprevalence of HIV-1 and in-patient mortality in children with common pediatric illnesses was studied. Between October 1990 and July 1991 at the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Lusaka, Zambia , mothers of all pediatric admission
Med J Aust. 1996 Mar 18;164(6):352-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183721
Wong D; Shumack S
The skin is the largest and most visible organ of the body, and a perception of good health depends on its appearance as well as its function. As about 90% of HIV-infected patients develop cutaneous signs and symptoms, diagnosis and management are vital in recognising progression of HIV infection.
Med J Aust. 1996 Mar 18;164(6):357-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183722
Foltyn P; Marriott D; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW.
Oral manifestations of HIV infection often represent the first clinical signs of this disease. Early management of oral lesions reduces the prospect of what would normally be routine procedures in the mouth becoming compromised and complicated when the immune system is further suppressed.
Med J Aust. 1996 Mar 18;164(6):360-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183723
Sievert W; Shaw DR; Edwards P; Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tree and liver are a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV infection, who may present with a complex array of signs and symptoms that require accurate diagnosis and therapy.
The AIDS Community Demonstration Projects (ACDPs) were community-level human immunodeficiency virus-prevention programs targeting high-risk populations in five U.S. cities. For the intervention design, researchers developed a common study protocol based on behavior-change theories and models. This report describes the
N Engl J Med. 1996 May 9;334(19):1222-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96196771
Stanley Sk; Ostrowski MA; Justement JS; Gantt K; Hedayati S; Mannix M; Roche K; Schwartzentruber DJ; Fox CH; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892-2520, USA.
BACKGROUND. Activation of the immune system is a normal response to antigenic stimulation, and such activation enhances the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We studied the effect of immunization with a common recall antigen on viral expression in HIV-1-infected patients, on the ability to is
Public Health Rep. 1996 Mar-Apr;111(2):129-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183944
Hazelkorn HM; Robins LS; School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
The authors describe a prospective research design in which actors serve as surrogate patients; this approach can be used to study health care delivery in providers private offices. A previously published study -- in which an actor with actual dental pathology played the roles of a heterosexual, a homosexual, and an
Public Health Rep. 1996 Mar-Apr;111(2):157-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183951
Driver CR; Braden CR; Nieves RL; Navarro AM; Rullan JV; Valway SE; McCray E; Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Completeness of tuberculosis case reporting in Puerto Rico was assessed. Cases diagnosed among hospitalized, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus clinic patients during 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. Hospital discharge diagnoses, pharmacy listings of patients rec
Res Nurs Health. 1996 Apr;19(2):91-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96201490
Nickel JT; Salsberry PJ; Caswell RJ; Keller MD; Long T; O'Connell M; Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus; 43210-1289,USA.
Effects of case management on quality of life were tested with 57 home care patients with AIDS, randomly assigning individuals to either usual care or case-managed care over the duration of home services (ranging from 5 days to over 2 years). Participants were primarily male (93%), white (79%), and never married (82%)
Caldwell JC; Caldwell P; Health Transition Center, National Center for Epidemiology and; Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra.
In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, nearly 25 percent of the population is HIV-positive as a result of heterosexual transmission of the virus. Could lack of circumcision make men in this region particularly susceptible?
Gatter PN; Social Sciences Research Centre, LPSS, South Bank University,; London, U.K.
The paper explores the relationship between social identity and HIV/AIDS, with special reference to gay men in Britain. This relationship was first seen as significant since it might have a bearing on the spread of HIV in the population. Three major forms of commentary have emerged on the issue: (i) basic research int
This paper reviews the extensive literature which looks at the impact of HIV/AIDS on health care workers (HCWs). The knowledge and attitudes of HCWs toward people with HIV/AIDS and other relevant attitudes, for example those regarding male homosexuality have been widely studied whereas attitudes to intravenous drug us
Telfer PT; Devereux H; Savage K; Scott F; Dhillon AP; Dusheiko G; Lee CA; Haemophilia Centre, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine,; London, UK.
We have undertaken a comprehensive study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and its clinical significance in haemophilic patients. 189 HCV RNA positive were typed, using the Simmonds classification scheme, by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in an amplified segment of the 5 non-coding region of the HC
Busch MP; Kleinman SH; Williams AE; Smith JW; Ownby HE; Laycock ME; Lee LL; Pau CP; Schreiber GB; Irwin Memorial Blood Centers, San Francisco, California, USA.
BACKGROUND: Follow-up studies from the mid-1980s showed that 1 to 5 percent of blood donors testing reactive in anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and testing indeterminate in Western blot were infected with HIV-1 and were in the process of seroconverting. The present study was c
Sayre KR; Dodd RY; Tegtmeier G; Layug L; Alexander SS; Busch MP; Ortho Diagnostics Systems, Inc., Raritan, New Jersey, USA.
BACKGROUND: The manufacturers criteria for a positive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Western blot (WB) test were recently revised to require reactivity to only two of the following bands: p24, gp41, and gp120/160. In a recent report, low-risk blood donors were identified in whom nonspecific reactivity to
Transplantation. 1996 Mar 15;61(5):798-803. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96179058
Woodle ES; Hussein S; Bluestone JA; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637,; USA.
The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term and long-term effects of repeated daily administration of low dose anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell number and function. Daily (7 days) administration of low doses (5 microg) of mitogenic (whole) or nonmitogenic (F(ab )2, fragments) an
Dahl DM; Klein D; Morgentaler A; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical; School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
We report a penile infection in a man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by a newly described infectious organism, Mycobacterium celatum. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the only mycobacterial species previously reported to cause infection in the penis. This is only the third documented human infection w
Virology. 1996 Feb 15;216(2):357-66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/U40989
Kamine J; Elangovan B; Subramanian T; Coleman D; Chinnadurai G; Institute for Molecular Virology, St. Louis University School of; Medicine, Missouri 63110, USA.
The Tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a powerful activator of HIV gene expression. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that one or more cellular cofactors may be important for Tat activity. We have used two-hybrid interactive cloning in yeast to identify a partial cDNA clone (clone 10) fro
Virology. 1996 Feb 15;216(2):411-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96182943
Rounseville MP; Lin HC; Agbottah E; Shukla RR; Rabson AB; Kumar A; Department of Biochemisty and Molecular Biology, George; Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat-mediated trans-activation requires the structural integrity of TAR RNA and the cooperative interaction of human host cell proteins. The TAR domain, minimally required for tat response, includes the Tat binding pyrimidine bulge, the TAR RNA upper stem, and the loop sequen
Virology. 1996 Feb 15;216(2):418-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96182944
Alin K; Goff SP; Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University College of; Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 10032, USA.
The yeast two-hybrid system was used to test for interactions among the Gag precursor proteins of three members of the murine leukemia virus family. These Gag proteins all interact with each other in all combinations, but do not interact with the distantly related HIV-1 Gag. A series of deletion mutants of Moloney MuL
Virology. 1996 Feb 15;216(2):444-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96182948
Luke W; Coulibaly C; Dittmer U; Voss G; Oesterle R; Makoschey B; Sauermann U; Jurkiewicz E; Stahl-Henning C; Petry H; Hunsmann G; Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Centre,; Gottingen, Germany.
The efficacy of three SIVmac32H gp130 vaccines was compared in rhesus monkeys. Three rhesus monkeys were each immunized over a period of 20 weeks with a total of 600 microgram virion-derived gp130 oligomers (O-gp130) mixed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin and emulsified with incomplete Freund s adjuvant. Three other mon
Bodeus M; Heusterspreute M; Hirsch F; Benarous R; Bazin H; Burtonboy G; Laboratoire de Virologie Fondamentale, Universite Catholique de; Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
A set of 18 rat monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag proteins was derived from 4 independent fusion protocols. The epitopes recognized were delineated using a random fragment expression library representing the whole HIV-1IIIB genome. This panel of rat MAbs was
Sun T; Ilardi CF; Asnis D; Bresciani AR; Goldenberg S; Roberts B; Teichberg S; Department of Laboratories, North Shore University; Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York; 11030, USA.
This is the first case of cyclosporiasis in which the parasite was clearly demonstrated in a duodenal biopsy by light microscopy. Electron microscopy identified the stages of sporozoite, trophozoite, schizont, and merozoite. Although only asexual forms were identified in our case, the sexual cycle must have taken plac
Ansari MQ; Dawson DB; Nador R; Rutherford C; Schneider NR; Latimer MJ; Picker L; Knowles DM; McKenna RW; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical; Center, Dallas 75235-9072, USA.
Five patients with advanced AIDS developed a unique type of high grade primary body cavity-based non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL). The lymphomas were exclusively in serous effusions with no detectable mass disease in the body cavities and no lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. All of the
Bacchi CE; Bacchi MM; Rabenhorst SH; Soares FA; Fonseca LE Jr; Barbosa HS; Weiss LM; Gown AM; Department of Pathology, State University of Sao Paulo-Botucatu,; Brazil.
The occurrence of malignant lymphoma is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. The incidence of AIDS-related lymphoma in some developing countries such as Brazil is increasing as the survival of HIV infection has improved. Although there is a c
Moore RD; Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,; USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of contemporary clinical care on the natural history of opportunistic disease in an urban population infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). SETTING: Urban university HIV clinic. DESIGN: Retrospective and prospective observational study. PATIENTS: 1246 HIV-infected patients
Fauci AS; Pantaleo G; Stanley S; Weissman D; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
A complex array of multiphasic and multifactorial immunopathogenic mechanisms are involved in the establishment and progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. After primary infection, acute viremia occurs with wide dissemination of HIV. During this early viremic phase, the virus is trapped within the p
A simple direct enzyme immunoassay for semiquantitative detection of antibodies is suggested. It is based on the difference in diffusion rates in a gel for a synthetic low-mol-wt antigen and of its complexes with antibodies to be detected. Sensitivity and specificity of the developed assay are equal to an ELISA method
Costa da Cunha CS; Lebbe C; Rybojad M; Agbalika F; Ferchal F; Rabian C; Vignon-Pennamen MD; Calvo F; Morel P; Department of Dermatology, Hopital Saint Lous, Paris, France.
BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: We reviewed the follow-up of 16 patients with Kaposi s sarcoma not related to human immunodeficiency virus (13 with classic Kaposi s sarcoma and three with endemic Kaposi s sarcoma; median age, 58 years) treated by low-dose recombinant interferon alfa-2b (5 million U three times weekly for at le
The classic form of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is a rare multifocal neoplasm, as described by Kaposi in 1872. One hundred nine years after Kaposi s first description of the disease, the interest in all aspects of this disease escalated because of the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is frequently acco
Owens DK; Nease RF Jr; Harris RA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Calif, USA.
BACKGROUND: Although screening inpatients for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in acute care hospital settings has been recommended, the cost-effectiveness of screening is not known. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of a voluntary screening program in acute care hospitals and associated clinics. RESULTS
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Mar 27;220(3):1028-35. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183072
Matsrafi L; Aflalo E; Blair DG; Priel E; Department of Immunology and Micorbiology, Cancer Research; Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the; Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
We have previously demonstrated the presence of topoisomerase I (topo I) activity in purified retroviral particles (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus type 1, equine infectious anemia virus-EIAV and moloney murine leukemia virus). In our present work, an attempt was made to determine the nature and origin of the prote
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Mar 27;220(3):916-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96183051
Tamma SL; Sundaram SK; Lev M; Coico RF; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, City University of New; York Medical School, 10031, USA.
Recent studies have demonstrated that L-cycloserine, an inhibitor of sphingolipid biosynthesis, interferes with the life cycle of HIV. Experiments with human T cells and CD4+ T lymphoma cells were performed to examine possible mechanisms. L-CS selectively down-modulated CD4 expression without affecting the expression
Eguchi K; Origuchi T; Takashima H; Iwata K; Katamine S; Nagataki S; Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Nagasaki, an area highly endemic for HTLV-I infection. METHODS: Sera from 113 female patients with RA and 19,796 female blood donors were screened for anti-HTLV-I antibodies with a ge
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:294 (abstract no. E-79). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96171221
Powell RJ; Wu S; Pascual DW; Van Cott J; McGhee J; Lewis GK; Hone DM; Uni. of MD, Baltimore, USA.
Protection against HIV-I may require HIV-specific immunity, consisting of humoral neutralizing antibody and MHC class I- and class II-restricted T cells, against multiple antigens in both the mucosal and systemic compartments. Our objective is to develop a vaccination strategy using a live oral Salmonella-HIV vector v
Mycoplasmas have been suggested to be potential cofactors of HIV infection. One of the proposed mechanisms suggests their contribution to the chronic activation of the immune system which is a landmark of HIV disease and plays a key role in AIDS pathogenesis. Since Mycoplasma penetrans has been shown in seroepidemiolo
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:297 (abstract no. G-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96171223
Timenetsky J; Pierce PF; Wang RY; Macalalad A; Hayes MM; AFIP, Washington, D.C., USA.
Rectal swabs from HIV+ gay men, HIV- gay men, and HIV- low-risk male heterosexuals were cultured for mycoplasmas using SP4 medium (aerobic and anaerobic). Ureaplasma cultures were done using U9 medium (aerobic). A concurrent serological study using an ELISA assay for LAMP antigens specific for Mycoplasma fermentans, M
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:38 (abstract no. C-219). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050589
Krajden M; Walmsley S; Shankaran P; Chua R; Mazzulli T; Dept. of Micro, Toronto Hosp., Canada.
Blood samples from 45 HIV infected patients with defined CD4 counts and clinical status were tested for CMV viremia by antigenemia (N = 40) using the method of The et al. (Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12:S737) as well as by a semi-quantitative adaption of the DSSA (N = e
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:78 (abstract no. C-450). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050590
Alexander RC; Coffee SJ; Public Health Laboratory, San Bernardino County, CA, USA.
Self-collected dried blood spot samples using an in-home specimen collection device (Coonan Clinical Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA) were evaluated for use in HIV-1 antibody testing. Test results were compared to both professionally collected dried blood spots and serum samples. Specimens were obtained from 50 HIV-1 ante
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:80 (abstract no. C-462). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050591
Swenson PD; Goldbaum GM; McBeth SD; Dunphy C; Seattle-King County Department of Public Health, WA, USA.
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) screening tests and Western blot confirmatory tests for the detection of antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are usually performed on serum or plasma specimens. Oral fluid specimens may be a useful alternative to blood specimens for HIV antibody testing. We obtained serum and ore
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:80 (abstract no. C-463). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050592
Chan EL; Sidaway F; Horsman G; Laboratory and Disease Control Services Branch, Regina,; Saskatchewan, Canada.
137 HIV-1 Westernblot positive, 165 EIA (Sanofi, Montreal) positive and westernblot (BioRad, Mississauga) indeterminant, and 198 EIA negatives sera were tested against Rapid Test HIV (Bio-Medical NJ/TCPI, FL), a rapid HIV-1 & 2 antibody test kit for both serum and saliva. All positive sera were positive, 158 indete
Adherence of candida to mucosal epithelial cells is an important initial step in the process of colonization and subsequently invasion. Because recurrent oral infections with C. albicans are common in patients with AIDS we compared the adherence of C. albicans to the BEC of 2 AIDS patients and 2 volunteers. Six genoty
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:107 (abstract no. F-121). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050594
Robinson P; Leal M; Evans S; Bauer M; Holtom P; Larsen R; LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Rapid achievement of sterile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cryptococcal meningitis may be associated with longer disease-free survival. If true, identification of new treatment regimens which accelerate mycologic response may therefore improve survival. METHODS: All subjects with AIDS and cryptococcal mening
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:118 (abstract no. U-11). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050595
Yakrus M; Crawford J; Sheppard J; Smith C; Holtzman A; Glover N; Froman S; Aronson T; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Water has been suspected to be a major source of Mycobacterium avium which can lead to disseminated disease in AIDS patients. M. avium serotype 8 is frequently isolated from patients in California. Isolates from potable water and AIDS patients in the Los Angeles area were initially characterized by seroagglutination a
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:130 (abstract no. U-76). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050596
Druetta A; Zambardi G; Perraud P; Saint-Marc T; Freney J; Fleurette J; Lab. Microbiol., E. Herriot Hosp., Lyon, France.
Disseminated infections with Mycobacterium avium frequently occur in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the rapid detection of M. avium directly in blood specimens is described. Blood samples from 78 patients with AIDS suspected of having mycobacteremia
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:131 (abstract no. U-82). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050597
Schijman A; Smayevsky J; Saenz G; Montoto M; Matilla S; Weltman G; Herrmann P; Losso M; Hosp. Gen. de Agudos Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Our aim was to determine the sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of PCR for diagnosis of M. tuberculosis (M.t) infection in HIV patients with PI. We prospectively evaluated 45 patients with confirmed HIV infection and PI as cause of admission. Cultures of mycobacteri
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:143 (abstract no. U-150). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050598
Moore GM; Nochur SV; DynaGen, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Researchers have reported that HIV infection causes cross-reactivity with mycobacterial cell wall antigens including LAM. Since a large percentage of HIV-infected individuals are coinfected with tuberculosis (TB), it is important to know whether a diagnostic test for active TB using the LAM antigen will cro
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:294 (abstract no. E-80). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050599
Sizemore D; Branstrom A; Sadoff J; Warren R; Walter Reed Army Inst. of Res., Washington, DC, USA.
Previously, we reported the construction of a set of novel plasmid vectors that contain: (1) origins of replication from pSC101 and pMB1, (2) the asd gene from either S. typhimurium or E. coli for non-antibiotic selection and (3) either the pagC or lac promoter. The asd mutant strain, WS1323, a derivative of a virulen
A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma penetrans in HIV-1-seropositive and in HIV-seronegative individuals recruited in France , and to analyze the obtained data relatively to sociodemographic, clinical and biological status of patients.
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:297 (abstract no. G-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050601
Mundy LM; Gaydos CA; Summesgill J; Ramirez J; Auwaerter P; Ford N; Duffy L; Casseli G; Charache P; Moore RD; et al; Johns Hopkins U, MD, USA.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is implicated as a pathogen in 1-15% of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) cases. The standard diagnostic method is the complement fixation (CF) test. Five detection methods were retrospectively compared for Mp in a study of 385 adults hospitalized with CAP. These methods included: 1) throat
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:300 (abstract no. G-22). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050602
Tang J; Hu M; Lee S; Buck C; Gherna R; Roblin R; ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA.
Mycoplasma contamination of cell culture and virus stocks continues to be a major problem for researchers as well as bioproduct producers. A number of techniques, which vary in sensitivity and convenience, are available for the detection of mycoplasma contaminants. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:301 (abstract no. G-23). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050603
Hussain AI; Robson WL; Kelley RN; Stadtlander CT; Greenville Hospital System/Clemson University Biomedical; Cooperative and Department of Microbiology, SC 29634, USA.
Mycoplasmas have recently been suggested as co-factors in the progression of infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We investigated urine specimens from pediatric HIV-positive patients (2 weeks to 13 years) for the presence of mycoplasmas (class: Mollicutes). Four different media (modified SP4, Friis,
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:306 (abstract no. V-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050604
Matter L; Germann D; Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
We evaluated a recently developed automated microparticle double antigen sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the IMx test system (test A) in comparison with two established assays (test B, an automated indirect IgG EIA, and test C, another double antigen sandwich EIA) for the detection of HIV antibodies. 1080 consec
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:307 (abstract no. V-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050605
Ben Porat E; Bergmann N; Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
OBJECTIVE. The HIV 1&2 DoubleCheck (Orgenics Ltd., Israel ) is a 10 minute rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies in serum specimens. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the HIV 1&2 DoubleCheck as well as to assess its
OBJECTIVE. The ImmunoComb II HIV 1&2 BiSpot (Orgenics Ltd, Israel ) is a rapid indirect enzyme immunodot assay for the detection and differentiation of HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies. The aim of this study was to assess the performances of the ImmunoComb II HIV 1&2 BiSpot as well as to asse
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:307 (abstract no. V-8). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050607
Baker DM; Moncure CW; Weymouth LA; Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia,; Richmond, USA.
The use of recombinant antigen in an EIA assay for the detection of HIV antibody is expected to increase specificity. Recently, Syva has developed a recombinant HIV-1 EIA (EIA1) which we compared to the method currently used in our laboratory, the recombinant HIV1/2 EIA (EIA1/2) by Abbott laboratories. We blindly comp
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:307 (abstract no. V-9). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050608
Prince HE; Giorgi JV; Hausner MA; Matud J; Detels R; Focus/MRL, Cypress, CA, USA.
We compared levels of sTNFRII, a predictor of HIV disease progression, to levels of 2 other immune activation markers, sCD25 and sCD8, in HIV infection. EIA kits were used to measure the 3 markers in sera drawn in 1992 from 13 controls and 48 HIV+ persons. Mean levels of all 3 markers were significantly higher in HIV+
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:314 (abstract no. V-46). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050609
Van Enk R; Hillman N; Suryaprasad S; Mehta V; Gopalswamy N; VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA.
The presence of anti-Helicobacter pylori (HP) IgG in the serum of patients with upper GI disease is a sensitive indicator of past or current HP gastric infection. A panel of serum samples from 195 Dayton VAMC patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy was used to evaluate the performance of a new HP serology test. The Mer
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:486 (abstract no. W-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050610
Mulvihill CK; Community College of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, Pa 15212, USA.
AIDS is in most college Micro courses, but, contrary to expectations, students beliefs and attitudes do not change after exposure to correct information. A novel 4-hr. end-of-course HIV Project encourages conceptual change within the student by: 1) giving students responsibility for producing class material, 2) using
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:523 (abstract no. H-178). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050611
Wan M; Takagi M; Loh BN; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National; University of Singapore.
The protease of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1 PR) belongs to the family of dimeric aspartic protease. Its proteolytic activity and hydrophobicity are believed to be toxic for the host cells when expressed as a recombinant protein. We studied various constructs containing a N-terminal extended HIV-1 PR gen
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:577 (abstract no. S-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050612
Blue WT; West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg 24901,; USA.
Research is centered on an examination of the molecular interactions between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Studies were designed to determine the ability of viral-specific protein transactivators to enhance or activate gene expression using heterologous v
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:581 (abstract no. S-23). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050613
Ginocchio CC; Romano J; Kaplan MH; Shurtliff R; North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical; College, Manhasset, N.Y., USA.
The course of human immunodefficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression and the efficacy of various antiviral drug regimens have been routinely monitored by several surrogate markers such as p24 antigen, CD4+ counts, and beta 2-microglobulin. However, the levels of these markers do not always correlate with the
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:581 (abstract no. S-24). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050614
Yen-Lieberman B; Schindler S; Hatch D; Roberto A; Gaddis L; Domen R; Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
Samples included in some large scale proficiency testing programs (PT) are processed (pooled, heated, centrifuged, diluted with matrix materials) before packaging. In this study, the effect of sample treatment on the performance of selected FDA approved HIV EIAs was evaluated. METHODS
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:585 (abstract no. T-18). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050615
Zhang S; Kaji A; Dept of Microbiol, Univ of Penn, Sch of Med, Philadelphia, PA; 19104, USA.
One of the unique features of HIV (also other retroviruses) is that viral RNA exists as duplex linked together by the dimer linkage structure located in a region close to their 5 end. The partial sequence of HIV-1 RNA containing the dimer linkage structure (#532-#1078 of HXB2) with extra 4 nucleotides derived from th
In vitro, human B lymphocytes undergo long term proliferation after activation of their CD40 receptor in the presence of IL-4. Using this system, we previously demonstrated that human B lymphocytes support a productive infection of HIV-1. In the present study, HIV-1 LTR activity was analysed by transient transfection
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:585 (abstract no. T-20). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050617
Kawa S; Thompson EB; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.
Cumulative evidence has pointed to the critical importance of a direct interaction between the viral envelope and the CD4 molecule in the infection by HIV. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which HIV binds and enters into target cells are still unclear. It has been suggested that CD4 is essential, but not sufficien
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:585 (abstract no. T-21). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050618
Mishra L; Venkateshan CN; Sausville RA; Allen JB; Epstein JS; Gibbs CJ Jr; Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Attempts were made to isolate monocyte/macrophage-tropic HIV-1 from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of four AIDS patients. PBLs were prepared from the patients, and cocultured separately with 8-10-day-old elutriated purified adherent monocytes/macrophages from normal donors. The cocultures were maintained in R
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:585 (abstract no. T-22). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050619
Ikuta K; Nakaya T; Kameoka M; Kishi M; Luftig RB; Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo; Japan.
Several MT-4 derived subclones obtained as survivors after a massive HIV infection, were found to produce non-infectious doughnut particles. These immature-like particles contain uncleaved PR55gag and cleaved gp120, as well as gp41 proteins. Nucleotide sequencing of one subclone (L-2) showed a single nucleotide base i
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:586 (abstract no. T-23). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050620
Arthur LO; Henderson LE; Rossio JL; AIDS Vaccine Program, NCI-FCRDC, MD 21702, USA.
HIV-1 grown in human cells incorporates on its surface numerous cellular antigens, including MHC gene products class II and class I. Viral-associated class II is functional and in the presence of superantigen can induce cell proliferation and apoptosis. Since co-receptors (e.g. B7) have not been found on HIV-1, it is
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:586 (abstract no. T-24). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050621
Rivera L; Montealegre F; Diaz AM; UPR School of Medicine, San Juan, PR.
In this study, we correlated the isotype and specificity of the IgG antibody response to HIV-1 from Puerto Rican HIV-infected patients with the treatment which they were given (Zidovudine ( AZT ) 300 or 500 mg/daily). The study involved 88 HIV-1 positiv
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:586 (abstract no. T-25). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050622
Kessler JA 2nd; McKenna PM; Emini EA; Conley AJ; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19846, USA.
The therapeutic potential of anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies was assessed using two human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). BM 12 and 2F5 are directed to the gp120 CD4 binding domain and to gp41, respectively. Infectivity reduction assays were performed in PBMC cultures using a panel of diverse primary viral isolates.
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:586 (abstract no. T-26). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050623
Kansal M; Pal BK; Calif. State Polytechnic Univ., Pomona, USA.
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) leads to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition to the severe damage to the immune system, a major portion of the AIDS patients suffer from neurological dysfunction. AIDS dementia appears to be t
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:586 (abstract no. T-27). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050624
Okada S; Pu R; Stoffs WV; Yamamoto JK; Col. of Vet. Med., University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
The ability of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates from subtype A and B to superinfect cats were tested, and also the length of primary infection required to prevent superinfection (multiple infection) were evaluated. Specific pathogen free cats which previously infected with subtype B FIV(Bang) for 7 (study
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:586 (abstract no. T-28). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050625
Bendinelli M; Matteucci D; Lombardi S; Garzelli C; Del Mauro D; Massi C; Mazzetti P; Bandecchi P; Tozzini F; Univ. of Pisa, Italy.
It is becoming increasingly evident that antibody-mediated neutralization of lentiviruses is a complex phenomenon. Neutralization of FIV is no exception. In our hands inhibition of FIV by antibody was influenced by a number of variables, including virus isolate and passage history, type of cells used to measure the re
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:587 (abstract no. T-29). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050626
Nash JW; Hanson LA; St. Cyr Coats K; Mississippi State University 39762, USA.
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), a lentivirus, is prevalent in cattle in the southeastern United States and may be associated with a lymphoproliferative disease. The mode(s) of BIV transmission are undefined. Because artificial insemination is a common practice in dairy production,
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:587 (abstract no. T-30). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050627
Nunez RM; Sanchez ML; Uni. Bern, Switzerland.
Since its development the cell line U937, a histiocytic lymphoma derived cell line, has been used extensively for immunological studies, because of its phenotype characteristics of monocyte-macrophage. However, so far viral particles have not been found. Moreover, during experiments aimed to select adherent clones of
Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1995;95:587 (abstract no. T-31). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM95/96050628
Woods KM; Fischer L; Knepper JE; Villanova University, PA, USA.
The long terminal repeat (LTR) of retroviruses contains sequences that control transcription of linked viral genes. The LTR of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) exhibits binding sites for a number of transcriptional control factors that may contribute to tissue specific replication of the virus. We recently compared th
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095589
Baca M; Kent SB; Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
The HIV-1 protease has been backbone engineered to delete a prominent enzyme(flap)-substrate hydrogen bond observed by Xray crystallography of the enzyme complexed with substrate-derived inhibitors. We have previously shown that deletion of the Gly49-Ile50 peptide bond-N(H)-atom from both flaps resulted in a 3,000-fol
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095590
Wong CH; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; 92037, USA.
This presentation describes the development of new pyrrolidine-containing ketoamide and hydroxyethylamine core structures as mechanism based inhibitors of the HIV and FIV proteases. It was found that the alpha-keto amide core structure of Cbz-Phe-Pro-NHBut is approximately 300 fold better than the corresponding hydrox
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095591
Ortiz de Montellano PR; De Voss JJ; Caldera P; Sui Z; Alvarez JC; McPhee F; Craik CS; Rutenber E; Stroud RM; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California,; San Francisco 94143-0446, USA.
The growing evidence that the HIV virus develops resistance to HIV protease (HIV-PR) inhibitors poses a major obstacle to their successful use as therapeutic agents. One possible approach to circumventing this problem is to develop irreversible inhibitors that bind covalently to critical residues: e.g. the catalytic a
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095592
Kim EE; Dwyer MD; Thomson JA; Navia MA; Rao BG; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, MA 02139-4211,; USA.
VX-478 is a potent, novel hydroxyethylamine sulfonamide which now completed phase I clinical evaluation as an anti-HIV therapeutic agent. The in vitro viral passage experiments carried out in the presence of VX-478 (J. Partaledis et al., J. Virology 1995) indicate that the phenotypic resistance is mediated by a well-d
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095593
Chang CH; Ala P; DeLoskey RL; Lam P; Schadt M; Duke J; Korant B; DuPont Merck Pharmaceut. Co., Wilmington, DE 19880, USA.
HIV protease inhibitors are not immune to the challenge of resistance due to the mutation of the virus as found for the RT inhibitors. Most of the mutations are located within the substrate binding pocket, or in the flap, while others occur at some distance from the
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095594
Proteases encoded by retroviruses represent targets for anti-viral therapies. Feline immunodeficiency virus protease (FIV PR) shares many structural similarities with proteases of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), and of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). The length of its polypeptide chain is intermedia
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095595
Goodsell DS; Morris GP; Olson A; Scripps Research Institute, USA.
We will discuss recent developments and applications of the AutoDock suite of programs. Retroviral proteases provide a challenging target for automated docking techniques, with large active sites and highly flexible substrates. We will discuss some approaches current;y under development for addressing these challenges
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095596
Analysis of ten crystal structures of HIV-1 protease-inhibitor complexes (HIV-1-PR) reveals that the energetically important contacts formed in these complexes involve a rather limited number of atoms from only a few highly mutable residues. This common binding motif relies primarily on hydrogen bonds to position each
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095597
Nekhai S; Agbottah E; Shukla RR; Kumar A; George Washington University Medical School, USA.
HIV-1 Tat response of LTR DNA transcription in in vitro is most efficient in G1 phase lysates. Among the cell cycle regulated, Tat associated host proteins, we characterized a 50 kDa CTD kinase which is induced in gst-Tat 86/with RNA complex, in mitogenically stimulated T-lymphocytes. Viral mutants with altered TAR th
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095598
Wu-Baer F; Garcia-Martinez L; Sigman D; Gaynor R; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical; School, Dallas 75235, USA.
The HIV-1 TAR element is critical for regulation of HIV-1 gene expression in response to the transactivator protein Tat. TAR is capable of forming a stable double-stranded RNA structure whose maintenance is critical for HIV-1 replication. Two elements in this RNA structure, a six base pair loop and a three base pair b
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095599
The human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein stimulates transcriptinal elongation. Tat is introduced to the transcription machinery by binding to the TAR RNA stem loop structure encoded by the 5 leader sequence found on all HIV mRNAs. Mutagenesis and chemical modification experiments have shown that Tat binds at a UC
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095600
Long KS; Crothers DM; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511,; USA.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein is a potent trans-activator of long terminal repeat gene expression and is essential for viral replication. Transactivation by Tat is mediated through binding to the transactivation response element (TAR) RNA, located at the 5 end of all viral pre-mRNA trans
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095601
Osapay K
HIV-1 protease is classified as an aspartyl protease consisting of two catalytic aspartate residues in its active site. The knowledge of their ionization state is critical to an understanding of factors that are responsible for inhibitor binding and for designing inhibitors which could serve as specific antiviral agen
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095602
Louis JM; Wondrak EM; Nashed NT; Laboratories of Cellular and Developmental Biology and Bioorganic; Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, USA.
We investigated the mechanism of autoprocessing of the human immunodeficiency virus, type 1, protease from a purified precursor (TF-PR) that contains the protease coding sequence linked to 60 residues of the native flanking trans-frame region (p6*) at the N-terminus. Upon renaturation, the TF-PR undergoes time depende
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095603
Wipke WT; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of; California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA.
Several new methodologies for de novo design of ligands for HIV-1 protease are being explored with quite promising results. Several new families of potential inhibitors have been designed and are under further study. We have also developed some novel methods of evaluating the potential binding of candidates in the act
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095604
Thomson JA; Agouron Pharmaceutical, Inc.
Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. employs a rational design based approach to develop novel small molecule drugs targeted for the treatment of AIDS and other serious diseases. One of the components of the NIH grant is to establish an extensive thermodynamic database to supplement a pre
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095605
Davis DA; Dorsey KB; Fales HM; Wingfield PT; Stahl SJ; Kaufman J; Levine RL; Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood; Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892,; USA.
Virtually nothing is known about the regulation of the HIV-1 protease during the viral life cycle. Examination of the sequences currently available demonstrates that both cysteine residues of the protease are highly conserved. Site specific mutants of these cysteines are fully active, indicating that they are conserve
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095606
Jenkins TM; Engelman A; Hickman AB; Ghirlando R; Craigie R
Recently, we identified a mutation that dramatically improves the solubility of the catalytic core domain of HIV-1 integrase (IN), residues 50-212 [Jenkins, T.M., Hickman, A.B., Dyda, F., Ghirlando, R., Davies, D.R. and Craigie, R. (1995) Proc. Nat l. Acad. Sci. in press]. The substitution of lysine for phenylalanine
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095607
Retroviral replication requires the conversion of viral RNA into double-stranded DNA, a process called reverse transcription. This DNA is subsequently integrated into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell. The biochemical reactions carried out during this portion of the viral life cycle are catalyzed by enzymes encoded
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095608
Pommier Y; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/DTP/DCT/NCI, Bethesda, MD,; USA.
We have extended our previous study with AZT nucleotides (Mazumder et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 1994, 91:5771), and examined the effects on HIV-1 integrase of the nucleotides of three nucleoside analogs currently evaluated in clinical trials, b
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095609
Dimitrov DS; Englund G; Martin MA; Knisley S; Ritter A
We have recently found that, in contrast to other retroviruses, deletions of DNA sequences subterminal to the 3 end of the HIV-1 U5 region do not affect reverse transcription in cultured cells, but most likely affect integration. We also estimated that the efficiency of HIV-1 integration in cultured cells is relative
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095610
Rice P
The crystal structure of the core domain of bacteriophage Mu transposase, MuA, has been determined at 2.4A resolution. The first of two subdomains contains the active site and, despite very limited sequence homology, exhibits a striking similarity to the core domain of HIV-1 integrase, which carries out a similar set
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095611
Lodi PJ; Ernst JA; Kuszewski J; Hickman AB; Engelman A; Craigie R; Gronenborn AM; Clore GM; Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes; and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA.
The solution structure of the DNA binding domain of HIV-1 integrase (residues 220-270) has been determined by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. The protein is a dimer in solution, and each subunit is composed of a five stranded beta-barrel with a topology very similar to that of the SH3 domain. The dimer is formed by
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095612
Jaskolski M; Bujacz G; Alexandratos J; Wlodawer A; Merkel G; Katz RA; Skalka AM; ABL-BRP, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD, USA.
The central domain (residues 52-207) of the avian sarcoma virus (ASV, RSV) integrase (IN) contains the characteristic D,D(35)E motif of the catalytically essential acidic residues and possesses some of the activities characteristic of the full-length enzyme, namely the disintegration and DNA-nicking activities. We hav
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095613
Yabe K; Leavitt AD; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San; Francisco, USA.
Information on the structure of HIV-1 integrase (IN) protein lags far behind that of HIV-q reverse transcriptase (RT) and HIV-1 protease. This ;lag reflects the failure to obtain HIV-1 in crystals, which is largely due to IN s poor solubility; it has been impossible to concentrate IN to the degree necessary for crysta
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095614
Weissenhorn W; Aliprandis E; Wiley DC; Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Harvard University, USA.
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein transmembrane subunit gp41 associates with gp120. These subunits form non-covalently linked oligomers on the surface of infected cells, virions and cells transfected with the complete env gene. Expression of the extracellular domain (aa21-166) in insect cells yields a soluble trimeric p
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095615
Rice WG; Turpin JA; Henderson LE; Arthur LO; LADM & SAIC/NCI/FCRDC, Frederick, MD, USA.
The p7 nucleocapsid (NC) protein of HIV-1 contains two retroviral zinc fingers having a 14 amino acid peptide segment of Cys(Xaa)2Cys(Xaa)4His(Xaa)4Cys that chelates zinc through cysteine thiolate and histidine imidazole coordination. The CCHC residues and their spacing are absolutely conserved in all strains of HIV-1
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095616
Hill CP; Bancroft DP; Christensen AM; Sundquist WI; Biochemistry Department, University of Utah, USA.
The matrix protein of HIV, which is derived from the amino-terminus of the gag precursor polyprotein, plays essential roles in several stages of the viral life-cycle, including localizing the assembling gag protein to the membrane. After cleavage of gag by the HIV protease, the matrix domain forms a pseudo-icosahedral
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095617
Ehrlich LS; Kovari L; Momany C; Rossmann MG; Carter C; Department of Microbiology, SUNY at Stony Brook 11794, USA.
The capsid protein (CA; p24) of HIV forms the viral core which encloses the viral genome and enzymes required for virus infectivity. The morphology of cores typically formed is cone-shaped but cores with bar-like or tubular shapes are also formed (between 5-10% for HIV-1 and HIV-2 and as much as 20% for SIV). Informat
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095618
Schubert U; Henklein P; Buor S; Wray W; Federau T; Montal M; Strebel KU
The HIV-1 specific Vpu is an 81 amino acid homo-oligomeric amphipathic integral membrane phosphoprotein consisting of two structural domains, an N-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane (TM) anchor and a C-terminal polar cytoplasmic tail. Several alpha-helices have been identified in Vpu by circular dichroism (CD) and 1H
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095619
Szekely Z; ABL-BRP/NCI-FCRDC, USA.
A structural hypothesis is presented for dual binding sites between the gp120 of HIV-1 and its CD4 receptor. One of the binding sites involved electrostatic attraction between positively charged sites (Lys35, Lys46 and Arg59) of the CD4 and the negatively charged sites (Asp368, Glu370 and Asp457) of the gp120. In addi
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095620
Bhattacharyya D; Brooks B; Callahan L
Structures of V3 loop of gp120 glycoprotein from ten syncytium-inducing (SI) strains and ten non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) strains have been determined by molecular modeling followed by molecular dynamics simulation. These structures reveal that all V3 loops from SI phenotype strains have at least two positively charge
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095621
Hager G
Transcriptional regulatory sequences in the HIV LTR are organized in vivo over a series of positioned nucleosomes (Verdin et al. EMBO J. 12:3249 1993). Evidence from other systems, notabley the hormone regulated MMTV provirus (Archer et al. Science. 255:1573 1992), indicates that transitions in nucleosome structure ar
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095622
Shalloway D; Church B; Oresic M; Cornell University, USA.
The binding-induced changes in protein and ligand structures can be predicted, in principle, by computational annealing. However, current methods are limited by their inability to efficiently sample sufficiently large regions of conformational space. We will describe a new computational method for variable-scale coars
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095623
Rose PW; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
The thermodynamics of ligand binding reactions with the FK506 binding protein (FKBP-12) has been determined by titration calorimetry. We elucidate the relationship between structure and thermodynamics by computational studies on crystal structures of ligand-FKBP-12 complexes. In particular, we investigate the origin o
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095624
Jaeger J; Restle T; Brautigam CA; Smerdon SJ; Jelsch C; Earle K; Steitz TA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry/HHMI, Bass; Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.
The X-ray structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) complexed with a nonOnucleoside inhibitor, nevaripine, has been solved previously at 3.5A resolution. [Ref. 1,2]. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group C2. Our efforts have been concentrated towards improving the initial model by extending the resolut
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095625
Beard WA; Minnick DT; Wade CL; Prasad R; Won RL; Bebenek K; Darden TA; Kumar A; Kunkel TA; Wilson SH; Sealy Center for Molecular Science, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555,; USA.
Residues 259 to 284 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) exhibit sequence homology with other nucleic acid polymerases and has been termed the helix clamp [Hermann, T., Meier, T., Gotte, M., and Heumann, H. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4625-4633] since crystallographic evidence indicates these residues are part of t)
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095626
Bebenek K; Beard WA; Casas-Finet J; Kim HR; Darden TA; Wilson SH; Kunkel TA; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park,; North Carolina 27709, USA.
We have recently described properties of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutants containing alanine substituted for each amino acid residue from 253 to 271 (Beard, W.A., Stahl, S.J., Kim, H.-R., Bebenek, K., Kumar, A., Strub, M.-P., Becerra, S.P., Kunkel, T.A. & Wilson, S.H. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 28091-28097)
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095627
Boyer P; Hughes SH; ABL/BRP/NCI/FCRDC/ABL/BRP, Frederick, MD, USA.
We have studied the effects of the mutations Met184Ile, Met184Val, Met184Leu, and Met184Ala on HIV-1 RT processivity. All of these variants show high levels of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and show considerable resistance to ddITP. However, the mutants varied in their ability to polymerize processively. The m
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095628
Kuntz I
Using the Reverse Transcriptase structures solved in the Arnold laboratory, we have employed the DOCK program to identify several plausible binding sites and to select compounds from the Available Chemical Directory (Molecular Design Limited) for testing. These compounds were initially assayed against purified enzyme
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095629
Koepke MK; Smith RH Jr; ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-FCRDC, USA.
Results of computer modeling studies of nevirapine , alpha-APA, 4 TIBO, in a site constructed from crystal structure data of each complex, reveals that while the inhibitors roughly overlay each other in the binding pocket of RT, the side chain residues
Abstr Meet Groups Stud Struct AIDS Relat Syst Their Appl Target Drug Des. 1995 Jun 5-7;9:(unnumbered abstract). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/96095630
Pattabiraman N; Gussio R; Zaharevitz D; Burt SK; Erickson JW; Frederick Biomedical Supercomputing Center, Structural; Biochemistry Program, SAIC-NCI/FCRDC, MD 21702, USA.
Several molecular modeling techniques were used to develop a strategy to predict a reliable all-atom molecular model for the non-nucleoside binding site (NNBS) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). ONly C-alpha atom coordinates were available to build the amino acids of the NNBS. The refined coordinates of the NNBS wer
Wajchman J; Klein A; Park J; Ponzio NM; UMD-New Jersey Med. Sch., Newark, NJ 07103
The B cell lymphomas (RCS) that arise in 90% of aging SJL/J mice express an endogenous Mtv-LTR-ORF superantigen (vSAG-RCS) which stimulates CD4+ TCR V(beta)16+ T cells to produce tumor growth-promoting cytokines. Naive spleen cells co-cultured with irradiated (gamma-)RCS cells respond vigorously to VSAG-RCS with proli
Camp S; Ruzek M; Mathur A; Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Previous work in this laboratory has shown that ascitic IgE secreting plasma cell tumors induce several changes in the phenotype and function of spleen cells in their hosts. In this study we extended the examination of cell surface markers to lymphocytes from peripheral (PLN) and mesenteric (MLN) lymph nodes in BALB/c
Pengsuparp T; Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center
Baccatin III showed cytotoxic activity against a variety of cultured cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 5-30 g/ml, and the mechanism was investigated. Consistent with an antimitotic mode of action, baccatin III induced cultured cells to accumulate in the G2 + M phase of the cell cycle. However, unlike Ta
Retroviral replication depends on integration of viral DNA into a host cell chromosome. A method was developed for studying the biochemistry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integration by using extracts from HIV-infected cells. HIV integration did not require a high-energy cofactor, and the enzymatic activities
In cells infected with avian sarcoma virus, 15 percent of the proviral mRNAs result from readthrough of the viral poly(A) site. To examine the elements necessary for wild-type levels of viral 3 -end formation, an RNase protection assay was performed on RNA from chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) transiently transfected
Obaru K; Matsushita S; Fujii S; Takatsuki K; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University; Medical School Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto City, 860 Japan
Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL) is a leukemia or lymphoma of CD4 positive T-cells and has poor prognosis because of resistance to chemotherapy. To evaluate effectiveness of gene therapy for ATL, effect of ganciclovir on ATL cell lines transfected with thymidine kinase gene of Herpes Simplex Type 1 (HSV-TK), was a
Lucas SB; Lewallen S; Waddell K; Herrington CS; Dept. of Histopathology, UCL Medical School, London WC1
Introduction: Incidence of conjunctival carcinoma correlates with latitude and UVL exposure. In Africa, the sequence of pinguecula----in-situ carcinoma (CIN)----invasive carcinoma (Ca) is established. Since the mid-1980s, the incidence of carcinoma in Malawi ,
Mutation Detection 1995: 3rd International Workshop FEBS Lecture Course, May 18-21, 1995, Gotland Island, Sweden, 1995.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96620285
Uhlen M; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Several protocols for semi-automated sequencing of DNA based on in vitro amplification by PCR has been developed by our group at the Department of Biochemistry, KTH. The optimized protocols basically involves four separate steps (PCR/magnetic separation/sequencing reaction/electrophoresis) which have been adapted to g
When a tumor is clinically detectable, the primary host immune response has already failed to control its growth. By analogy with infections in which cell-mediated immune processes are mobilized after failure to control initial infection, similar processes must be invoked against tumors. As with persistent infections,
Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents. WO Foye, ed. (Professional Reference Book) American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 529-76, 1995.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96624027
Potential use of single-stranded oligo- or polynucleotides as chemotherapeutic agents even a few years ago appeared to be farfetched to most investigators because of the general belief that such large and charged molecules would not pass through cell membranes, would be rapidly degraded by the ubiquitous nucleases, or
Murata N; Hakoda E; Machida H; Ikezoe T; Sawada T; Hoshino H; Miyoshi I; Dept. of Medicine, Kochi Medical Sch., Kochi, Japan
Previously, we showed that passive immunization protects rabbits from HTLV-I infection. In the present study, we have extended this observation to Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Two lots of anti-HTLV-I immune globulin, containing 150 mg/ml of IgG (H-IgG-1) and 50 mg/ml of IgG (H-IgG-2), were prepared from pooled p
Maruyama K; Mochizuki S; Kawamura K; Koshikawa N; Div. of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Res. Inst.
We demonstrated previously that HTLV-I related DNA was detectable in lymphocytes as well as in tumor cells of HTLV-I seropositive cancer patients. To investigate further the association of retrovirus with human cancer T cell lines (Coculture-5, -14) derived from HTLV-I seronegative persons and achieved
NIH Conference on Retroviral Integrase, January 19-20, 1995, Bethesda, MD, 1995.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96624354
Grandgenett D; Vora A; McCord M; Goodarzi G; Im G; Inman R; Brackmann K; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63110
We report the efficient concerted integration of a linear virus-like DNA donor into a 2.8 Kbp circular DNA target by integrase (IN) purified from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) (Nucleic Acid Res 22:4454-61, 1994). The donor was 487 bp (M-2), contained recessed 3 OH ends, was 5 end labeled, and had a unique restric
NIH Conference on Retroviral Integrase, January 19-20, 1995, Bethesda, MD, 1995.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96624355
Fujiwara T; Yoshinaga T; Shionogi Institute for Medical Science, Shionogi and Co, Ltd
The DNA sequence requirements for the retroviral DNA integration reaction suggest the existence of a sequence-specific binding of integrase (IN) with substrate DNA. We detected three photoadduct bands applying UV cross-linking method to an integration reaction mixture consisted of recombinant HIV-IN and oligonucleotid
Minson A; Neil J; McCrae M; Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
This book is the text of the fifty-first Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology, held at the University of Cambridge, in March 1994. The 16 chapters represent the text of presentations by 60 contributors at the meeting. Chapter titles are: viruses and cancer; tumor suppressor genes and p53; cell transformat
Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 37:A396 1996. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/96630396
Albini A; Benelli R; Presta M; Rusnati M; Ziche M; Rubartelli A; Bussolino F; Noonan D; IST, Genova, 16132, Italy
HIV1-tat has been implicated as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of Kaposi s sarcoma, a highly angiogenic lesion. The HIV-tat protein has angiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant tat in vivo in both matrigel sponges and the rabbit cornea is poorly angiogenic, but a strong angiogenic response occurs when i
[Washington, D.C.] Health Studies Branch, International Programs Center, Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census [1995?] 38 [114] p. : ill (Research note ; no. 20) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9605808
[Washington, D.C.] : Health Studies Branch, Center for International Research, U.S. Bureau of the Census, [1993] v, 43 p. : ill (Research note ; no. 9) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9508021
[Washington, D.C.] : Health Studies Branch, International Programs Center, Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, [1994] v, 51 p. : ill (Research note ; no. 15) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9508025
Development Communication Philadelphia, PA : Center for International, Health, and Development Communication at the Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania ; Geneva : World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS, 1990- v Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9425841
[Santiago de Compostela?] : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 1993 126 p. : ill (Cuadernos de revision ; 5) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9421175
London : Actionaid ; Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire : Comite national de lutte contre le SIDA, 1995 57 p. : ill (Strategies for hope ; no. 10) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9603628
Rockville, MD (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857) : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research ; Washington, D.C. : Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor, 1995 iv, 267 p. : ill (NIDA research monograph ; 157) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9605588
Lambert EY; Ashery RS; Needle R; Prevention Research
[London] : Dept. of Health, Public Health Laboratory Service, with the Institute of Child Health, [1995] vii, 36 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9604901
Munchen : Published on behalf of the Federal Minister for Research and Technology by MMV Medizin Verlag, c1990 399 p. : ill (Bga Schriften, ISSN 0932-2361 ; 1/90) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9603957
Director (HIV) Atlanta, GA : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Office of the Deputy Director (HIV), 1990-1993 4 v. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9425852
Associate Director for HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Prevention Atlanta, GA : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Associate Director for HIV/AIDS, [1994?- v Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9518147
Secaucus, N.J. : Network for Continuing Medical Education, c1996 1 videocassette (6 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in (NCME telecourse ; no. 693) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9607690
Duvic M
Psoriasis is usually severe when it develops in patient with HIV disease. Treatment is also complicated by the immunodeficiency in these patients. Dr. Duvic explores the various therapeutic options currently available and the role of the dermatologist in the overall management of these patients.
[Irvine, CA] : Distributed by ConceptMedia, c1995 1 videocassette (29 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in (Infection control ; 1) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9603883
Carey S
(Producer) Describes in depth the six links in the chain of infection and discusses interventions to interrupt the chain. Uses examples of infection, such as tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and HIV, that are of particular concern to healthcare providers today.
Stamford, CT : Appleton & Lange New Media, c1996 2 videodiscs : sd., col. ; 12 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9605398
Anastasi JK
(Producer) Covers virtually all aspects of HIV and AIDS, from retroviral genetics, to counseling and testing, to prevention and treatment. Designed for most students in the health professions, it provides both medical and nursing approaches to the care of people with HIV. The program contains two hours of full-moti
Arras, John D., ed. Bringing the Hospital Home: Ethical and Social Implications of High-Tech Home Care. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995 :1-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/49176
Arras, John D., ed. Bringing the Hospital Home: Ethical and Social Implications of High-Tech Home Care. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995 :235-251. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/49179
Ginsburg, Faye D.; Rapp, Rayna, eds. Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995 :234-255. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/49442
Federal Supplement. 1995 Aug 15 (date of decision);896:166-173. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/49449
The U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey, held that a patient who was denied dental service because of his HIV status had a disability and had set forth a case under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination. In view of the defendant s recalcitrance and his humiliat
Health Policy Plan. 1996 Mar;11(1):84-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AHA/96178342
Mbizvo MT; Bassett MT; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Zimbabwe; Medical School.
Reproduction is a dual commitment, but so often in much of the world, it is seen as wholly the woman s responsibility. She bears the burden not only of pregnancy and childbirth but also the threats from excessive child bearing, some responsibility for contraception, infertility investigation and often undiagnosed sexu
O'Grady KF; Easty AC; Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
Early discussion regarding smoke produced by both surgical lasers and electrosurgical machines concluded that the smoke produced by these instruments was little more than a malodorous nuisance. Animal and human studies to date, however, have suggested that this smoke is, indeed, dangerous. This smoke has been shown to
World Hosp Health Serv. 1995;31(2):13-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AHA/96177020
Walley J; Chukwu J; Nuffield Institute for Health, Leeds University, UK.
Tuberculosis rates are increasing dramatically in many regions of the world due to poverty, rapid population growth, ineffective Tb programmes and the HIV pandemic. Innovative approaches of treatment supervision are required to increase cure rates and hence reduce transmission. National tuberculosis programmes need to
Clin Perform Qual Health Care. 1996 Jan-Mar;4(1):14-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AHA/96179977
Silver AL; Eichorn A; Pickett GP; IPRO, Lake Success, NY 10042, USA.
Hospital charts were reviewed to ascertain the frequency with which patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) were being managed in accordance with current guidelines or recommendations in New York State for the calendar year 1993. Comparisons were made between ho
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