HIV/AIDS Atlanta, Ga. : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of HIV/AIDS ; Rockville, MD : CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse [distributor], 1993- v. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9517597
Portland, OR : Oregon Dept. of Human Resources, Health Division, Center for Disease Prevention & Epidemiology, HIV Program, [1993]- v. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9500561
Washington, D.C. (1255 23rd St., N.W. Washington 20037) : Academy for Educational Development, [1995?] iii, 102 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9515224
Washington, D.C. : International Programs Center, Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, [1995] viii, 73 p. : ill., maps (IPC staff paper ; no. 75) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9514549
AAOHN J. 1995 Sep;43(9):475-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96024895
Doyle AJ
1. The anticipated reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) failed to consider four major factors: the advent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); the development of multi-drug resistant TB; the decline in public health services and limited access to health care for those in congregative facilities; and the i
Pavlakis SG; Lu D; Frank Y; Bakshi S; Pahwa S; Barnett TA; Porricolo ME; Gould RJ; Nozyce ML; Hyman RA; Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital,; Manhasset, New York, USA.
Twenty-five children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on clinical parameters: encephalopathy and nonencephalopathy. N-acetyl aspartate/creatine ratios were compared between t
Pindborg JJ; WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Manifestations of the Human; Immunodeficiency Virus, Dental Department, University Hospital,; Denmark.
Twice a year, the World Health Organization publishes reports on AIDS from member countries. At the most recent publication, 190 countries reported that they had no AIDS cases. The other countries reported 611,589 AIDS cases. The introduction will give a brief account of the HIV epidem
Barr CE; Department of Dental Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New; York 10003, USA.
The prevalence of periodontal diseases in HIV-infected infected persons is unresolved. While numerous reports have been published, the data are conflicting in part due to different populations studied, lack of consensus criteria for disease, study location, and biased samples. This presentation will be a collation of
Kelso A; Transplantation Biology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical; Research, Brisbane, Australia.
The T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 model has provided a valuable framework to investigate and explain many immune reactions and now pervades current thinking on the regulatory role of T cells. However, individual T cells and clones display remarkable diversity in their cytokine profiles, collectively forming a continuous spectr
The concept that T cells are subdivided into T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 subsets was recently extended to suggest that Th1 cells contribute to the pathogenesis of several organ-specific autoimmune diseases, whereas Th2 cells inhibit disease development. Here, Sylvie Trembleau and colleagues examine the role of interleuki
Nottet HS; Gendelman HE; Dept of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha 68198-5215, USA.
Infection of the brain with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) often leads to the devastating loss of mental faculties. Surprisingly, HIV-1 elicits such brain dysfunction without significantly infecting neurons, astrocytes and oligodendroglia. The target for HIV-1 in the brain is the macrophage, which usually func
Nocera M; Chu TM; Department of Diagnostic Immunology Research and Biochemistry,; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York State Department of; Health, Buffalo 14263, USA.
PROBLEM: Human seminal plasma is known to exhibit immunosuppressive activity. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has been identified as an immunosuppressive factor in human seminal plasma. Biologically active TGF-beta represents a family of 25-kDa homodimeric proteins linked with disulfide bonds. TGF-beta asso
Brackin MN; Lewis RE; Brackin BT; Achord A; Henderson H; Crawford M; Cruse JM; Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical; Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
In our previous work with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, African Americans (Afr Ams) and Caucasians (Caucs) exhibited HLA markers that were associated with protection or disease. The present study was designed to establish if HLAs were associated with the sev
De Angelis V; Biasinutto C; Pradella P; Steffan A; Spina M; Errante D; De Matteis MC; Vettore L; Servizio Immunotrasfusionale e Analisi Cliniche, IRCCS Centro di; Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italia.
It has been suggested that acquired abnormalities of the red cell membrane due to various injuries [azidothymidine ( AZT ) therapy, immunoglobulin coating of red cells, differentiation abnormalities of erythroid precursors] contribute to the onset of an
Fowlkes BJ; Schweighoffer E; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National; Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, USA.
In the past year, significant technical developments have provided the opportunity to investigate the more mechanistic features of positive selection. Major progress has been made in determining the structure and function of the early pre-T cell receptor, in defining cell types that mediate positive selection, and in
Reiner SL; Seder RA; Gwenn Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Department; of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637-5420, USA.
Significant progress has been made in understanding the maturation of antigen-specific CD4+ T helper cell responses. Recent progress centers on the network of cytokines, accessory molecules, and cell types that shapes the differentiation of distinct T helper cell subsets. Use of transgenic and knockout mice and well c
Russell JH; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington; University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Deletion of self-reactive clones of immature thymocytes by activation-induced death (AID) is thought to be the primary mechanism for the establishment of self-tolerance in the T-cell compartment. Recent evidence suggests that a genetically distinct but analogous process of AID in mature T cells is important in regulat
Liew FY; Department of Immunology, University of Glasgow, UK.
Current interest in nitric oxide is derived from its numerous biological roles. Immunologically, apart from the well known role of nitric oxide in anti-microbial and autoimmune diseases, nitric oxide is now emerging as a potential powerful mediator of T-cell responses. Evidence now shows that nitric oxide can both enh
Ait-Khaled M; McLaughlin JE; Johnson MA; Emery VC; Department of Virology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phylogenetic relationship of HIV-1 proviral long terminal repeat (LTR) variants present in postmortem samples of lymph node, spleen, lung, dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord as well as in the peripheral blood of an HIV-1-infected patient dying with AIDS. DESIGN AND METHODS: Postmortem t
Jameel S; Zafrullah M; Ahmad M; Kapoor GS; Sehgal S; International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of HIV-1 genetic variation in Indian patients. DESIGN: To avoid any bias in selecting viral variants, HIV-1 DNA was amplified directly from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients and sequenced. Genetic similarity between Indian sequences and other geographic isolates was
Barcellini W; Rizzardi GP; Velati C; Borghi MO; Fain C; Lazzarin A; Meroni PL; Institute of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and; Immunopathology, University of Milan, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To study type 1 and type 2 cytokine patterns in HIV-negative high-risk intravenous drug users (IVDU). DESIGN: We investigated interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 production by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated and unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures
Eriksson K; Kilander A; Hagberg L; Norkrans G; Holmgren J; Czerkinsky C; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Goteborg, Sweden.
OBJECTIVE: To examine possible changes in mucosal B-cell activation status. DESIGN: To examine the frequency and isotype distribution of total and HIV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in the intestinal mucosa of HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: Mucosal lymphocytes were obtained by enzymatic treatment of duode
Harvie P; Desormeaux A; Gagne N; Tremblay M; Poulin L; Beauchamp D; Bergeron MG; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de; l'Universite Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: To improve the pharmacokinetics and lymphoid tissues targeting of 2 ,3 -dideoxyinosine (ddI) by encapsulation in liposomes. METHODS: The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of free and liposome-encapsulated ddI were determined in C57BL/6 mice following intravenous and subcutaneous administration of a s
Baily GG; Mandal BK; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, North; Manchester General Hospital, UK.
OBJECTIVES: To report the occurrence of a syndrome of recurrent neurological deficits in advanced HIV disease and to discuss its management and prognosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case study. SETTING: A regional treatment centre for HIV-infected individuals in northwest England. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Transient neurologi
Brouwers P; Tudor-Williams G; DeCarli C; Moss HA; Wolters PL; Civitello LA; Pizzo PA; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH Clinical Center,; Bethesda, MD 20892-1928, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between stage of HIV disease, reflected by CD4+ lymphocyte percentages and p24 antigen levels, and HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, measured by computed tomography (CT) brain-scan ratings and neurobehavioral tests. DESIGN: Consecutive case series. SETTING
Bloland PB; Wirima JJ; Steketee RW; Chilima B; Hightower A; Breman JG; Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious; Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; 30341-3724, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between maternal HIV infection, placental malaria infection, and infant mortality as a first step in investigating the possibility of increased vertical transmission of HIV due to placental malaria infection. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from a cohort study of mothers
Jacobson MA; De Gruttola V; Reddy M; Arduino JM; Strickland S; Reichman RC; Bartlett JA; Phair JP; Hirsch MS; Collier AC; et al; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; General Hospital 94110, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if serologic marker responses to zidovudine treatment during the first year of antiretroviral therapy could predict subsequent HIV disease progression independently of absolute CD4 lymphocyte responses. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in patients with asymptomatic HIV disease, who we
Bajos N; Wadsworth J; Ducot B; Johnson AM; Le Pont F; Wellings K; Spira A; Field J; INSERM U292, Bicetre Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France.
OBJECTIVE: France and Britain have similar size populations, yet the incidence of AIDS is threefold higher in France. The objective of this study was to compare data from two surveys recently performed in the two countries, in order to determine whether differences in sexual and dr
Serwadda D; Gray RH; Wawer MJ; Stallings RY; Sewankambo NK; Konde-Lule JK; Lainjo B; Kelly R; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of men and women as sources of HIV transmission and to estimate HIV incidence among discordant couples resident in diverse rural communities in Uganda . SETTING: Rakai, a rural district in Uganda, East Africa. METHODS: A population-based cohort study,
Ford K; Wirawan DN; Fajans P; Thorpe L; School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; 48109-2029, USA.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the AIDS/sexually transmitted diseases (STD) knowledge and risk behaviors, and to determine factors related to condom use among male commercial sex workers (CSW) and male tourist clients in Bali, Indonesia . DESIGN: Individual survey interviews were conduc
Figueroa JP; Brathwaite A; Ward E; DuCasse M; Tscharf I; Nembhard O; Williams E; Ministry of Health, Epidemiology Unit, Kingston, Jamaica.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Jamaica . METHODS: Data from the national surveillance system for HIV infection and AIDS based in the Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, were reviewed. These include case reports; HIV screening of blood donors, migrant farmworkers
Phillips KA; Paul J; Kegeles S; Stall R; Hoff C; Coates TJ; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at; San Francisco 94105, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and predictors of repeat HIV testing. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional data from two random household-based and bar-based samples of gay/bisexual men in two medium-size cities (Tucson, Arizona and Portland, Oregon) with substantial numbers of AIDS cases, in 1992 (n
Hurley SF; Kaldor JM; Carlin JB; Gardiner S; Evans DB; Chondros P; Hoy J; Spelman D; Spicer WJ; Wraight H; et al; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of; Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of health-service usage and the resulting costs in 1992-1993 for Australian men. DESIGN: A prospective survey, stratified by phase of illness. SETTING: Hospital and community-based care. PATIENTS: A total of 128 homosexual men: 20 in phase 1 (CD4+ count > or = 500 x 10(6)/l), 31 in phas
Kennelly JM; Tolley KH; Ghani AC; Sabin CA; Maynard AK; Lee CA; Haemophilia Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To calculate the costs of treating HIV-infected haemophilic patients. DESIGN: Two-year retrospective study of hospital-based resource use and costs, from April 1991 to March 1993. SETTING: Haemophilia Centre and Haemostasis Unit, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK. PATIENTS: Sixty patien
Moore J; Beeker C; Harrison JS; Eng TR; Doll LS; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To describe HIV risk behaviors among Peace Corps Volunteers (PCV) and to examine correlates of sexual risk behaviors. METHOD: Cross-sectional data were collected from 1242 randomly selected PCV serving in 28 countries in 1991. PCV reported the frequency of specific risk behaviors in self-administered questi
Bird AG; Gore SM; Cameron S; Ross AJ; Goldberg DJ; Immunology Department, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford,; UK.
OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviours among male inmates of Her Majesty s Prison (HMP) Barlinnie, Glasgow, Scotland on 8-9 September 1994. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study: voluntary, anonymous HIV surveillance (using saliva samples) of all inmates and linked self-completion risk-factor
The course of drug development for the treatment of HIV-1 infection and AIDS is being revolutionized by high-resolution structures of essential viral proteins. We survey the impact on drug design of the recently elucidated structural knowledge of two essential enzymes, reverse transcriptase and protease, and three new
Chorev M; Goodman M; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine,; Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Main-chain peptidomimetics based on peptide-bond reversal and inversion of chirality represent important structural alterations for peptides and proteins, and are highly significant for biotechnology; these modifications have been widely applied: the D-HIV-protease dimer cleaves only all-D substrate; an all-D-hexapept
Zav'yalov VP; Denesyuk AI; Lundell J; Korpela T; Institute of Immunology, Lyubuchany, Moscow Region, Russia.
A few protein targets were found to display a specific high-affinity interaction with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA): cytosolic cyclophilins (CyP)A, B, C, D, E containing from 122 to 174 amino acid residues in a polypeptide chain, and secreted forms of CyP; CyP-40, 40-kDa CsA-binding polypeptide complexed w
Goossens PL; Montixi C; Saron MF; Rodriguez M; Zavala F; Milon G; Unite d'Immunophysiologie cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris,; France.
After an introduction on the entry and lifestyle of Listeria monocytogenes within mammalian eucaryotic cells, this chapter gives a brief overview of murine experimental listeriosis. Among the main characteristics of this murine model of infectious/pathogenic processes initiated by a facultative intracellular bacteria,
Hoag KA; Street NE; Huffnagle GB; Lipscomb MF; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern; Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8576, USA.
A murine pulmonary infection model utilizing intratracheal inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans was used to analyze cytokines produced in response to opportunistic pathogens acquired via the respiratory tract. The specific question asked was whether early cytokine secretion in lung-associated lymph nodes (LALN) woul
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):769-76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053838
Sonza S; Maerz A; Uren S; Violo A; Hunter S; Boyle W; Crowe S; AIDS Pathogenesis Research Unit, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for; Medical Research, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.
Monocytes from HIV-seronegative persons were analyzed for CD4 expression and susceptibility to infection with HIV-1 on the day of isolation and following 1, 2, and 7 days in culture. Although surface CD4 was readily detected on freshly isolated monocytes, these cells were relatively resistant to infection. After 1 to
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):777-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053839
Lee CN; Robinson J; Mazzara G; Cheng YL; Essex M; Lee TH; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Three of the five hypervariable domains (V1-V3) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp120 have previously been shown to be dispensable for antigenic epitopes recognized by broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. In this study, the influence of the V4 and V5 domains on an epitope re
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):783-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053840
Vujcic LK; Quinnan GV Jr; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug; Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, USA.
Reference neutralizing antibody (NA) reagents are needed for laboratories to be able to compare results of neutralization assays that will be used to monitor HIV-1 vaccine recipients. In an effort to establish such reference reagents two asymptomatic, seropositive patients were identified with medium to high amounts o
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):789-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053841
Carbonari M; Cibati M; Pesce AM; Sbarigia D; Grossi P; D'Offizi G; Luzi G; Fiorilli M; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza,; Italy.
Lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected subjects undergo massive apoptosis when cultured in vitro, and this phenomenon might reflect pathogenetic mechanisms leading to immune dysfunction in vivo. However, (1) lymphocyte death is not restricted to CD4+ cells but seems to involve predominantly CD8+ cells, and (2) the same pheno
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):795-804. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053842
Luznik L; Martone ME; Kraus G; Zhang Y; Xu Y; Ellisman MH; Wong-Staal F; Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla,; California 92093-0665, USA.
The rev gene product of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is obligatory for viral replication. Rev interacts specifically with a structured RNA sequence within the viral genome termed the REV response element (RRE). Although the importance of Rev for the expression of viral proteins is well documented, its functional
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):805-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053843
Jacobsson B; Britton S; He Q; Karlsson A; Eriksson S; Department of Infectious Diseases, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden.
Azidothymidine (zidovudine, AZT ) used for treatment of HIV infection blocks the viral reverse transcriptase after phosphorylation by cellular enzymes. The first step in this reaction is the formation of AZT monophosphate, primarily catalyzed by host c
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):813-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/U19109
Ishak R; Harrington WJ Jr; Azevedo VN; Eiraku N; Ishak MO; Guerreiro JF; Santos SB; Kubo T; Monken C; Alexander S; et al; Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil.
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) infection is endemic in a number of indigenous populations in North, Central, and South America. In the present study we have employed serological and molecular methods to identify HTLV-II infection in Indian communities in the Amazon region of
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):823-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053845
Zehender G; Meroni L; Piconi S; De Maddalena C; Parravicini C; Clerici M; Ridolfo AL; Moroni M; Galli M; Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, University of Milan, Italy.
We studied the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I/II antibodies in 22 patients with AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 453 HIV-1-infected patients without lymphoma (194 of whom were diagnosed as having AIDS), and 6 HIV-1-positive and 75 HIV-1-negative patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. The frequency of serological reactivit
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):829-36. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053846
Wybier-Franqui J; Tobaly-Tapiero J; Coronel A; Giron ML; Chopin-Robert C; Peries J; Emanoil-Ravier R; UPR A0043, CNRS Retrovirus et Retrotransposons des Vertebres,; Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
We have characterized human foamy virus (HFV) proviral DNA and determined HFV expression in a persistent infection model, the Dami megakaryocytic cell line. Molecular studies were performed on parental persistently infected cells (Dami-P), as well as on derived clones (Dami-Cl). We report that in these nonlytic and no
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):837-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053847
Sullivan PS; McDonald TP; Department of Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine,; University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901, USA.
Infection of mice with the murine leukemia virus (LP-BM5) was evaluated as a model for the thrombocytopenia of HIV/AIDS. Percent 35S incorporation into platelets, platelet size, platelet count, platelet-associated immunoglobulins (PAIgG), and megakaryocyte size and number were evaluated over a period of 3-9 weeks post
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):843-54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053848
Gardner M; Rosenthal A; Jennings M; Yee J; Antipa L; Robinson E Jr; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of; California at Davis 95616, USA.
To evaluate the role of humoral immunity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), we tested whether passive immunization with plasma from SIVmac251 vaccine-protected or healthy infected animals would protect rhesus monkeys against intravenous infection with ten 50% animal infectious doses of the cell-free homologo
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):855-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053849
Deschamps M; Lambrecht B; Horth M; Kummert S; Gelderblom HR; Bruck C; Burny A; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Free University of Brussels,; Belgium.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Jul;11(7):863-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053850
Weichold FF; Lisziewicz J; Zeman RA; Nerurkar LS; Agrawal S; Reitz MS Jr; Gallo RC; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
The use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as antiviral drugs to combat HIV-1 infection may offer an alternative to traditional pharmacological therapies. We compared the effects of two 28-mer antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides [PS-oligo(dN)] with non-sequence-specific controls on HIV-1 replication in lo
Rivero J; Limonta M; Aguilera A; Fraga M; Lopez Saura P; Santiago de las Vegas Sanatorium, Havana, Cuba.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) has anti-retroviral activity and is a possible HIV infection-limiting factor. The aim of this work is to prevent or delay disease progression in asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) carriers. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS: Recombinant IFN alpha-2b (3 x 10(6)
Naides SJ; University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
Viruses are attractive candidates for infectious etiologic agents or cofactors in the development of rheumatic diseases. The epidemic of HIV infection and the recognition of emerging viruses continues to fuel interest in the possible role of viruses in the pathogenesis of diseases without defined etiologies. During 19
G Chir. 1995 Mar;16(3):132-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96005308
Catania G; Petralia G; Catalano F; Marzullo E; Dipartimento di Chirurgia, Universita degli Studi di Catania.
Advances in surgery and the extension of the surgical indications have amplified the problems due to hemorrhage, main side effect, and its treatment, which in the past consisted primarily in whole blood transfusion. Such practice, however, involves the surgeon in a series of problems due to shortage of blood donors, r
The recent case of an Italian nurse waiting for compensation after contracting HIV from a splash to her eye (1) has highlighted the serious risk of contracting infection through the eye conjunctiva. In this article, the author suggests nurses need to take more notice of recommendations and guidelines that they should
We describe a new group (type 3) of the recently proposed species Mycobacterium celatum isolated from eight patients with AIDS in London, England. Sequences of genes coding for 16S rRNA (EMBL accession no. Z46664) showed a divergence of 17 bases from M. celatum type 2 reference isolates and a divergence of 7 bases fro
Nahmias AJ; de Sousa A; Freiji R; Lee FK; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and; Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Tuberculosis (TB) in children represents one of the best examples of what we have termed an adultosis--a disease inflicted by adults on children and not by children on adults--and which can be acquired by direct contact or by the indirect result of various types of abuses, such as social ones. The same socioeconomic a
Activation of naive dense CD4+ T cells by plate-bound anti-CD3 antibodies favors the development of Th1 cells which, upon re-stimulation, produce significant amounts of IFN-gamma but no IL-4. However, co-activation of such naive T cells in the presence of IgE [anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP)]-loaded bone marrow-derived mast
Int Immunol. 1995 Apr;7(4):617-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031359
Ericsson PO; Teh HS; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British; Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
The role of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), p56lck, in T cell development was evaluated by mating TCR transgenic mice with transgenic mice that expressed lckF505, a constitutively activated form of p56lck which is under the control of the lck proximal promoter element. The TCR transgenic mice expressed either a rec
Int Immunol. 1995 Apr;7(4):625-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031360
Rosen A; Lundman P; Carlsson M; Bhavani K; Srinivasa BR; Kjellstrom G; Nilsson K; Holmgren A; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences,; University of Linkoping, Sweden.
In this study, a B cell growth stimulatory factor, constitutively secreted by a human CD4+ T cell hybridoma clone, MP6, has been purified and characterized. Serum-free 24 h culture media from MP6 cells were collected, concentrated by ultrafiltration and separated by gel chromatography. Fractions were analyzed for stim
Int Immunol. 1995 May;7(5):715-25. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053535
Antonia SJ; Geiger T; Miller J; Flavell RA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine,; New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
A major process through which the immune system becomes tolerant to self proteins involves the deletion of self reactive cells in the thymus. However, T cells reactive to peripheral tissue-specific proteins can escape this deletion and become tolerized in the periphery by a variety of mechanisms. We report here, contr
Int Immunol. 1995 May;7(5):861-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053548
Gayama S; Vaupel BA; Kanagawa O; Department of Pathology and Medicine, Washington University; School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
A defective murine leukemia virus is the causative agent of murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS). We have cloned cDNAs from both virus infected and non-infected cells using the PCR methods with primers corresponding to the franking sequence of the unique p12 gag gene. Sequence analysis of these cDNA clone
Int Immunol. 1995 May;7(5):869-75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053549
Perez VL; Lederer JA; Lichtman AH; Abbas AK; Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; 02115, USA.
Using an in vitro model for the development of IFN-gamma-producing (Th1) and IL-4-producing (Th2) cells from CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing a transgenic TCR, we show that IL-12 and IL-4 are the most potent stimuli for the differentiation of naive T cells to effector populations. When combinations of cytokines are prese
Wolf BD; Hartsel SC; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire; 54702-4004, USA.
We have tested the ability of Amphotericin B to form ion channels/defects in osmotically stressed large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) using pyranine fluorescence detected ion/H+ exchange. We found that sterol-free LUV exhibit greatly increased sensitivity to AmB channel formation in the soluble oligomer state (> 0.5 micr
With the incidence of AIDS being on the rise, diagnostic work-up of hepatobiliary disease in these patients is of increasing interest. 57 x-ray cholangiograms and computed tomographic studies of 13 AIDS-patients with clinical signs of cholangitis were reviewed. Nine patients had abnormal cholangiographic findings. Com
Knollmann FD; Maurer J; Adler A; Hintze RE; Grunewald T; Veltzke W; Lohmann R; Schedel H; Felix R; Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Freie Universitat Berlin Klinikum; Rudolf Virchow.
For differentiation of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) from AIDS-associated cholangitis (AAC), 95 CT or Cholangiography studies of 37 patients were reviewed and signs of biliary disease analysed. Only two each of PSC and AIDS-subjects were free from biliary lesions compatible with some kind of sclerosing cholangi
Nandwani R; Evans DT; Department of GU/HIV Medicine, King's Healthcare, London, UK.
This article on false positive serological reactions for syphilis reviews the rapid developments which have taken place in the serodiagnosis of syphilis in recent years since the advent of the AIDS epidemic. An overview of non-specific and specific treponemal serological tests in relation to acute and chronic biologic
Rowen D; Carne CA; Sonnex C; Jones M; Maloney ME; Lefort W; Wreghitt TG; Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, Royal South Hants; Hospital, Southampton, UK.
Rates of screening for sexually transmissible infections in patients using different services provided by a genitourinary medicine clinic for testing for HIV antibodies are presented. Those patients whose primary reason for attending the clinic was HIV antibody testing and used the same day result (SDR) service were s
Hellberg D; Svarrer T; Nilsson S; Valentin J; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Falun Hospital, Sweden.
Sixty women with genital warts were randomly allocated to treatment with either weekly application of 20% podophyllin solution or self-treatment with 0.5% podophyllotoxin cream twice daily for three days in weekly intervals. After a maximum of 4 treatment cycles a final assessment was carried out after 3 months. Prima
Murphy M; Pomeroy L; Tynan M; Murphy JF; Mulcahy FM; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St James's Hospital,; Dublin, Ireland.
A retrospective study of the results of cervical cytological screening of HIV-infected women attending an inner city ambulatory HIV clinic over a 6-year period between 1987 and 1992 was carried out. During this time a total of 165 HIV-infected women attended for management of their HIV disease. The results of cervical
O'Connor TJ; Kinchington D; Kangro HO; Jeffries DJ; Department of Virology, Medical College, St Bartholomew's; Hospital, London, UK.
The effect of low pH, normally present in the female genital tract, on HIV viability was examined. HIV is more acid stable than previously reported with no substantial reduction in infectivity occurring until pH levels are reduced below 4.5. The virucidal activity of 3 topical spermicides and chlorhexidine was assesse
Meda N; Ledru S; Fofana M; Lankoande S; Soula G; Bazie AJ; Chiron JP; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre Hospitalier; National Souro SANOU, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
This study reports the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among gynaecological outpatients presenting at the Bobo-Dioulasso Hospital ( Burkina Faso ) with genital infections and examines the factors associated with HIV infection in this population. Of 245 eligible no
Kennedy N; Whitelaw FM; Gutmann J; Berger L; Uiso L; Ngowi FI; Gillespie SH; University Division of Communicable Diseases, Royal Free Hospital; School of Medicine, London, UK.
Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) rises in the later stages of HIV disease and has therefore been used to monitor progression to AIDS. However, little work has been done on patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis. We studied clinical features and serum beta 2-M in 35 Tanzanian patients treated for pulmonary
Fischer PR; Toko RM; Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; 84132, USA.
Despite high seroprevalence rates in some parts of Africa, there is notable variation in prevalence between population subgroups. To document changes and trends in HIV seroprevalence in northeastern Zaire , 1989 to 1992 blood donor data were reviewed. Overall, 2453 donors were test
Greenland S; Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health; 90095-1772, USA.
Standard categorical analysis is based on an unrealistic model for dose-response and trends and does not make efficient use of within-category information. This paper describes two classes of simple alternatives that can be implemented with any regression software: fractional polynomial regression and spline regressio
Veugelers PJ; Strathdee SA; Moss AR; Page KA; Tindall B; Schechter MT; Coutinho RA; van Griensven GJ; Municpal Health Service, Department of Public Health, Amsterdam,; The Netherlands.
A decline in the proportion of Kaposi s sarcoma among AIDS cases since the 1980s has been attributed to changes in sexual behavior among homosexual men and a decreasing exposure to a hypothesized Kaposi s sarcoma cofactor. Recent studies have shown that the incidence rate of Kaposi s sarcoma has remained relatively st
J Vet Med Sci. 1995 Jun;57(3):487-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031673
Inoshima Y; Tomonaga K; Ikeda Y; Miyazawa T; Mikami T; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was applied for measurement of the proviral DNA copy number of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of cats experimentally and naturally infected with FIV. In experimentally infected cats except one cat infected with the Petaluma st
Alcabes P; Friedland G; Yale University AIDS Program, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
In this paper we discuss the epidemiology and natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in users of injection drugs. Use of injection drugs plays a central role in the HIV infection/AIDS epidemic in the United States , Europe, and many parts of the developing world
Domingues RB; Muniz MR; Pinho JR; Bassit L; Jorge ML; Alquezar AS; Marchiori PE; Chamone DF; Scaff M; Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo School of; Medicine, Brazil.
We conducted a prospective clinical and epidemiologic evaluation of 45 cases of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Sao Paulo, Brazil . All enrolled patients had progressive chronic myelopathy and high titers of
Nightingale SD; Koster FT; Mertz GJ; Loss SD; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA.
Acute psychosis was observed in two patients with AIDS who were treated with clarithromycin for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection. The psychosis resolved when treatment with clarithromycin was discontinued and recurred when it was resumed. An adverse response to clarithromycin therapy is a rare but cu
An Med Interna. 1995 Jun;12(6):263-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96005176
Calvo Manuel E; Arranz Garcia F; Sanchez-Portocarrero J; Roca Arbones V; Puente M; Elias Arcalis A; Perez-Cecilia E; Nieto Sanchez A; Espinos Perez D; Servicio de Medicina Interna I, Hospital Universitario San; Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid.
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and the neurological disease associated to the HIV-1 infection and different neurological manifestations (15 infections of the CNS and 11 AIDS-
An Med Interna. 1995 Jun;12(6):299-306. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96005186
Up to October 1994, twenty-four HTLV-I and 113 HTLV-II infected persons have been identified in Spain . A third of HTLV-I carriers were immigrants coming from endemic regions. In contrast, most HTLV-II-infected persons were Spanish native drug users. Four cases of HTLV-I-associated m
Belda Ibanez J; Gil Guillen V; Fernandez Garcia E; Trullen Gas P; Martinez Quintero R; Prado Saez A; Orozco Beltran D; Centro de Informacion y Prevencion del SIDA, Alicante.
OBJECTIVE. To find the opinion of asymptomatic HIV+patients about their Primary Care doctors. DESIGN. A descriptive, crossover study with an 11-item questionnaire, filled in by the patient him/herself anonymously and analysing: communication of being seropositive, frequency of attendance, confidence in the doctor and
Lin HM; Hughes MD; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Although the primary focus of Phase I clinical trials is to assess clinical pharmacology and possible toxicities, any information on the potential effect of treatment would be useful in helping to determine priorities between treatments for further study. We consider the scenario where data are routinely collected on
Sun J; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of; Waterloo, Ontario Canada.
In this paper we discuss the non-parametric estimation of a distribution function based on incomplete data for which the measurement origin of a survival time or the date of enrollment in a study is known only to belong to an interval. Also the survival time of interest itself is observed from a truncated distribution
Rosenberg PS; National Cancer Institute, Epidemiologic Methods Section,; Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
A flexible parametric procedure is given to model the hazard function as a linear combination of cubic B-splines and to obtain maximum likelihood estimates from censored survival data. The approach yields smooth estimates of the hazard and survivorship functions that are intermediate in structure between strongly para
Chem Res Toxicol. 1995 Jun;8(4):586-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96015469
Yu X; Hathout Y; Fenselau C; Sowder RC 2nd; Henderson LE; Rice WG; Mendeleyev J; Kun E; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland; Baltimore County 21228-5398, USA.
In vitro oxidation of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein p7 by the C-nitroso compound 3-nitrosobenzamide (NOBA) has been investigated. When reconstituted p7 was incubated with NOBA, three disulfide bonds were formed per molecule of p7, Cys 15-Cys 18, Cys 28-Cys 36, and Cys 39-Cys 49. These were identified using the proteo
Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1995 May;16(4):269-77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031392
Sugahara M; Kiriyama A; Hamada Y; Kiso Y; Takada K; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto; Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
KNI-272 is a tripeptide drug that has a strong pharmacological potential for treating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We have already reported the pharmacokinetic characteristics of KNI-272 after intravenous and intraduodenal (ID) administrations to rats. In this study, KNI-272 was administered to rats as
Semin Cancer Biol. 1995 Feb;6(1):3-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96037771
Bellamy CO; Malcomson RD; Harrison DJ; Wyllie AH; Department of Pathology, University Medical School, Edinburgh,; UK.
Apoptosis is a morphologically stereotyped form of cell death, prevalent in multicellular organisms, by which single cells are deleted from the midst of living tissues. Recognition of the cellular corpses and their removal by phagocytosis occurs without disturbance to tissue architecture or function and without initia
Di Lonardo M; Isola NC; Ambroggi M; Rybko A; Poggi S; Dr A. Cetrangolo Bacteriology Laboratory, F. J. Muniz Hospital,; Buenos Aires, Argentina.
SETTING: F. J. Muniz Hospital and Department of Phthisiopneumonology, in Buenos Aires. OBJECTIVE: To analyze bacteriological findings concerning tuberculosis and other mycobacteriosis, in association with HIV infection and AIDS. DESIGN: From June 1985 to December 1991, 2521 samples from 1259 HIV-seropositive and AIDS
SETTING: A retrospective study of tuberculosis notifications in England and Wales published by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the rise in tuberculosis notifications in England and Wales by different sub groups over the time period 1982-91. DESIGN: The average annual percentage cha
Schwander S; Rusch-Gerdes S; Mateega A; Lutalo T; Tugume S; Kityo C; Rubaramira R; Mugyenyi P; Okwera A; Mugerwa R; et al; Clinical Department Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical; Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
SETTING: This pilot study was conducted at the Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) in Kampala, Uganda , where tuberculosis (TB) is an epidemic health problem aggravated by the HIV-1 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of a larger phase III trial utilizing rifabutin as
Daleine G; Lagrange PH; Service de Microbiologie, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of detection of specific IgG or IgM antibodies against three polar glycolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV seropositive and seronegative patients with documented active tuberculosis. DESIGN: Using an ELISA test, concentrations of IgM and IgG antibodies against phenolic glycolipi
Snodgrass I; Chew SK; Communicable Disease Centre, Ministry of Health, Singapore.
SETTING: The notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) among residents in Singapore has been declining at a mean rate of 5.6% per annum, from 307 cases per 100,000 population in 1960 to 54 cases per 100,000 population in 1992. A National TB Notification Registry was set up in 1958
Takasawa A; Morimoto I; Wake A; Haratake J; Fujii K; Okada Y; Oda S; Hashimoto H; Eto S; First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational; and Environmental Health, Fukuoka.
We previously reported a case of Addison s disease associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Endocr J, 41:13, 1994). A 46-year-old man with hemophilia B and AIDS was diagnosed as Addison s disease. The positive cytomegalovirus (
Apetrei C; Buzdugan I; Mitroi I; Duca M; Laboratorul de Virologie, U.M.F. Iasi.
The influence of HIV I p24 antigen immune complexing with anti-p24 antibodies of the assessment of their respective levels in HIV-positive sera was studied. ELISA tests were used for evaluating anti-p24 and p24 antigenemia, with or without acid dissociation. We have observed that: 1. p24 antigenemia usually coexisted
Heiligenhaus A; Jayaraman S; Soukiasian S; Dorf M; Foster CS; Hilles Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
BALB/c inbred Igh-1-disparate mice exhibit different susceptibility to the development of HSV-1 stromal keratitis (HSK), which may be due to the differential immune regulation. CD4+ T lymphocytes may be critical for the disease induction. A T-cell line (CD4+, T-cell receptor V beta 8+, interleukin-4+) specific for the
The efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) oral liquor combined with routine therapy and routine therapy alone on T-lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood in viral myocarditis patients have been studied. The results showed that the T-lymphocyte subsets profile and OKT4/OKT8 ratio of peripheral blood were significant
Germann T; Rude E; Institute for Immunology, Mainz, Germany.
Interleukin (IL)-12 was originally identified as a factor produced by human Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines. It was detected by one group as cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor, a cytokine that synergized with IL-2 in the induction of lymphokine-activate
Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia of unknown origin diagnosed histopathologically, and the alveolar fluid cells were investigated before and during corticosteroid therapy. The counts of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased markedly during steroid ther
Wachsberg RH; Obolevich AT; Lasker N; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Newark, NJ 07103,; USA.
BACKGROUND: Previously reported causes of renal pelvocalyceal thickening (PCT) include infection, acute tubular necrosis and obstruction. This study was performed to evaluate the significance of PCT noted sonographically in patients with hyperechoic native kidneys. METHODS: We evaluated sonograms of 178 consecutive pa
Goldstein MF; Friedman SR; Neaigus A; Jose B; Ildefonso G; Curtis R; National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, New; York 10013, USA.
While most studies of AIDS risk behavior rely on self-reports, few studies have assessed the reliability of these reports. The present study examines self-reports of drug-related and sexual risk behavior among pairs of injecting drug users (IDUs) recruited from the streets in New York City. Since both members of the p
Robles RR; Cancel LI; Colon HM; Matos TD; Freeman DH; Sahai H; Research Institute, Mental Health and Anti Addiction Services; Administration, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The relationship between perceived risk of developing AIDS and subsequent behavioral risk status is estimated for 1740 Puerto Rican injection drug users (IDUs). Prospective behavioral effects were examined comparing data collected at two intervals approximately 6 months apart. We estimated the association between perc
Ennaji MM; Schwartz JL; Mealing G; Belbaraka L; Parker C; Parentaux M; Jouishomme H; Arella M; Whitfield JF; Phipps J; National Research Council of Canada, Steacie Institute for; Molecular Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario.
A reduction of gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) often accompanies neoplastic transformation. The present work demonstrates that transformation by the oncogenic human DNA virus, human papilloma virus 16(HPV16), also reduces GJIC between L6 rat myoblasts. HPVs are associated with anogenital cancers, the
Cartier L; Castillo JL; Cabrera ME; Araya F; Matutes E; Ford AM; Greaves MF; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of; Chile, Santiago.
We describe the clinical and laboratory features in three Caucasian Chilean patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) associated with/or preceded by a lymphoproliferative disorder involving cutaneous lesions and localised lymphadenopathy. The neurological symptoms and signs were characteristic of TSP and CSF ex
Bacchi CE; Gown AM; Bacchi MM; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade; Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
1. Immunocytochemical procedures have played an increasingly larger role in the identification of infectious disease agents in tissue sections owing to the increased availability and specificity of antibody reagents, the great sensitivity of the methods, and the relative facility with which the studies are performed.
Inouye Y; Kanamori T; Fujimoto Y; Sugiyama M; Yoshida T; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University School; of Medicine, Japan.
The cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was studied using MOLT-4 cells chronically infected with a variant strain of HIV-1SF-2 (MOLT-4/HIV-1SF-2H) and CD4+ human lymphoid MT-4 cells. MOLT-4/HIV-1SF-2H cells produced less than 1 TCID50 infectious particles per day as determined by t
Qual Life Res. 1995 Aug;4(4):309-18. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96045252
Revicki DA; Simpson KN; Wu AW; LaVallee RL; Medical Technology Assessment and Policy Research Program,; Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation,; Arlington, VA 22201, USA.
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of rifabutin prophylaxis in patients with AIDS and CD4 counts of less than 200 per cubic millimetre using a combination of Q-TWiST (quality-adjusted time without symptoms and toxicity) and multiattribute health utility assessment. The design consisted of a secondary analysis of
Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1995 Mar;20(3):269-87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031752
Gehrmann J; Matsumoto Y; Kreutzberg GW; Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich,; Switzerland.
Microglia form a regularly spaced network of resident glial cells throughout the central nervous system (CNS). They are morphologically, immunophenotypically and functionally related to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In the ultimate vicinity of the blood-brain barrier two specialized subsets of macrophages/
Nurses in many parts of the United States have limited experience in caring for patients with Kaposi s sarcoma. The severity of the disease can range from a few lesions to extensive cases with fungating, encrusted wounds. This case study describes the wound management of a 43-year-old
Occup Environ Med. 1995 Sep;52(9):565-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96030731
Baggaley R; Godfrey-Faussett P; Msiska R; Chilangwa D; Chitu E; Porter J; Kelly M; Kara Counselling and Training Trust, Lusaka, Zambia.
OBJECTIVES--To evaluate the impact of HIV on businesses in Zambia and to assess attitudes towards HIV and HIV education in the workplace. METHODS--The personnel managers of 33 companies with a total workforce of 10,204 in Lusaka and in towns in the Copperbelt were visited by two me
Remafedi G; Lauer T; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Hospital and; Clinics, Minneapolis, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in survival and death in nonhemophiliac adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN: Case series. SUBJECTS: All 117 HIV-seropositive adolescents (age range, 13 to 21 years) without hemophilia whose cases were reported through December 1992. SETTING: A state with m
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Jun 9;668(1):99-106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96035206
Staton BA; Johnson MG; Friis JM; Adams WJ; Biofluids Analytical Laboratory, Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI 49001,; USA.
A method for the determination of a bisheteroarylpiperazine, non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, delavirdine , and its N-desisopropyl metabolite in human plasma, is described. Samples were deproteinized by addition of two parts of a s
Sullivan DJ; Westerneng TJ; Haynes KA; Bennett DE; Coleman DC; University of Dublin, School of Dental Science, Department of; Oral Medicine and Pathology, Trinity College, Republic of; Ireland.
Atypical oral Candida isolates were recovered from 60 HIV-infected and three HIV-negative individuals. These organisms were germ-tube-positive and produced abundant chlamydospores which were frequently arranged in triplets or in contiguous pairs. They belonged to C. albicans serotype A and had atypical carbohydrate as
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 1994 Jan;2(1):41-56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96024515
Figueiredo MA; de Morais KC
The objective of the present study was to determine possible relations between attitudes towards some aspects of facing AIDS and personality traits in nursing personnel for later elaboration of a program of guidance and follow-up of professionals who treat the disease. On the basis of the attitude scales constructed b
Marra CM; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of; Medicine, Seattle, USA.
Bartonella henselae can cause cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis , a multisystem disorder seen primarily in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Both of these diseases are associated with neurologic complications, particularly encephalopathy. B. he
Clifford DB; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of; Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Three common opportunistic infections in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus are being more accurately diagnosed and effectively treated as a result of recent advances. Toxoplasmosis may be prevented in some cases, and can be recognized and treated noninvasively in most cases. Cryptococcal therapy has been
Jacobson S; Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological; Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland, USA.
The human T lymphotropic virus, type-I is associated with a slowly progressive neurologic disorder termed human T lymphotropic virus, type-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Considerable information on the pathology, epidemiology, virology, and immunology is known about this disorder and will serve
Major EO; Ault GS; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National; Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda,; Maryland, USA.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a viral-induced demyelinating disease of the central nervous system usually occurring in the immunocompromised individual. The incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy has risen sharply over the past decade because of widespread human immunodeficiency virus
Czachor JS; Gleckman RA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Wright State University School; of Medicine, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
Fever is a common finding in the patient who is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. As immunocompetence wanes, febrile episodes become more common, although the virus itself is seldom the cause of the fever. A thorough evaluation, based on the history and physical findings and directed by the level of immu
Alonso A; Scavini LM; Marino GA; Rodriguez SM; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Clinical Hospital, Buenos; Aires, Argentina.
A similar event was detected in the clinical records of a small group of atopic patients living in the northern provinces of Argentina , i.e., they were bitten by a snake of the Bothrops species (or yarara) during their rural activities (woodcutters, cattle-drivers and farmers).
Ott G; Barchfeld GL; Chernoff D; Radhakrishnan R; van Hoogevest P; Van Nest G; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
MF59 is a safe, practical, and potent adjuvant for use with human vaccines. The formulation is easily manufactured, may be sterilized by filtration, and is both compatible and efficacious with all antigens tested to date. MF59 has been shown to be a potent stimulator of cellular and humoral responses to subunit antige
Kreuter J; Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe; University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
PMMA nanoparticle adjuvants can be manufactured in a physicochemically reproducible manner. Their particle size can be controlled within narrow limits. Immunogens may be either incorporated or adsorbed to these nanoparticles. PMMA nanoparticles induced significantly higher and more prolonged antibody responses against
Hart MK; Palker TJ; Haynes BF; Division of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for; Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702,; USA.
Fast PE; Sawyer LA; Wescott SL; Vaccine and Prevention Research Program, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Oct;152(4 Pt 1):1215-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023195
Beijer L; Jacobs RR; Boehlecke B; Andersson B; Rylander R; Department of Environmental Medicine, Goteborg University,; Sweden.
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether peripheral cellular parameters could predict susceptibility to decreased lung function and associated symptoms, in response to a single exposure to cotton dust. Previously nonexposed subjects (n = 42) inhaled an aerosol of cotton dust in a model cardroom during a period of
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Oct;152(4 Pt 1):1309-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023209
Mundy LM; Auwaerter PG; Oldach D; Warner ML; Burton A; Vance E; Gaydos CA; Joseph JM; Gopalan R; Moore RD; et al; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions,; Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
This cross-sectional and prospective one year study evaluated adults admitted to an inner city hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. The study used extensive diagnostic methods to evaluate the etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients with differing immunologic status. Of 385 study pati
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Oct;152(4 Pt 2):S59-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023237
Openshaw PJ; St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science,; Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major unsolved challenge for vaccine development. RSV is worldwide in distribution and infects almost all children during the first 2 yr of life. The mouse model of RSV lung disease has been very successful in reproducing many aspects of the human disease. In parti
Catalan J; Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster; Medical School, London.
BACKGROUND. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with substantial psychiatric morbidity. This paper summarises the main forms of psychological intervention currently used, and reviews research evidence for their efficacy. METHOD. Publications on the mental health aspects of HIV infection
Ujhelyi E; Krall G; Zimonyl I; Banhegyi D; Hollan SR; Horvath A; Fuchs D; Wachter H; Berkessy E; Fust G; National Institute of Haematology, Blood Transfusion and; Immunology, Budapest, Hungary.
Twenty-five haemophiliacs who had been infected with HIV in 1982 or 1983 were followed up from 1986 to 1993. The absolute number of the CD4+ and CD8+ cells, neopterin levels and more recently the percentage of activated, DR+ T lymphocytes were determined twice a year. In most patients a permanent decline in the CD4+ c
Curr Biol. 1995 Jun 1;5(6):570-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96028283
Goldfarb DS; Department of Biology, University of Rochester, New York; 14627-0211, USA.
HIV-1 MA protein is a viral membrane protein, but it is also involved in nuclear import of the preinitiation complex; the latter requires transfer of some MA molecules to the maturing core particle during virus assembly.
Bruunsgaard H; Pedersen C; Scheibel E; Pedersen BK; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen,; Denmark.
The purpose of the study was to examine how memory (CD45RO) and naive (CD45RA) phenotypes of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subpopulations changed with respect to progression and duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Forty-three HIV-seropositive (HIV+) subjects with known time for seroconversion were include
Ahmad A; Menezes J; Laboratory of Immunovirology, University of Montreal, Quebec,; Canada.
Using our recently developed target system model of env gene-transfected cells for gp120/41-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays, we evaluated the ADCC effector function of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 39 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. T
Peacock CD; Price P; Department of Microbiology, University of Western Australia,; Nedlands.
Mice exhibiting T cell immunodeficiency and lymphadenopathy induced by LP-BM5 MuLV (MAIDS) were assessed for their ability to control murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Elevated replication of MCMV was observed in spleens 4-6 days after MCMV infection. Production of interfero
Tarantal AF; Marthas ML; Gargosky SE; Otysula M; McChesney MB; Miller CJ; Hendrickx AG; California Regional Primate Research Center, University of; California, Davis 95616-8542, USA.
Studies with a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected fetal monkey model were conducted with a focus on fetal growth and viral pathogenesis. Twenty-six fetuses were inoculated in utero via ultrasound guidance with an uncloned pathogenic strain of SIV or vehicle during the second or third trimesters [gestational
Kappes JC; Saag MS; Shaw GM; Hahn BH; Chopra P; Chen S; Emini EA; McFarland R; Yang LC; Piatak M Jr; et al; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
To assess the utility of quantitative competitive-polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) measurements of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and other viral load markers for assessment of antiretroviral therapy, we used archived cryopreserved specimens from a randomized controlled clinical trial of 135
Collier AC; Coombs RW; Katzenstein D; Holodniy M; Gibson J; Mordenti J; Izu AE; Duliege AM; Ammann AJ; Merigan T; et al; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
To assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effects of intravenous recombinant CD4 immunoglobulin G (CD4-IgG), a 12-week Phase One study with an optional maintenance phase was performed. Twenty-two subjects with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were enrolled; 15 subjects completed the in
Mauss S; Jablonowski H; Department of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf,; Germany.
Seventeen male homosexual outpatients with limited but progressive AIDS-associated Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) of skin, lymph nodes, oral cavity, and gastrointestinum were consecutively enrolled in an open, nonrandomized, prospective study. Patients received low-dose IFN-alpha 2b (3 MIU t.i.w.) in combination with 250 mg ZD
Burger D; Meenhorst P; Mulder J; Henrichs J; Frissen J; Kroon F; ten Napel C; Koks K; Bult A; Beijnen J; Department of Pharmacy, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
We have conducted a pharmacokinetic study of didanosine (ddI), formulated in sachets and in tablets, in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Fifteen subjects received 250 or 167 mg of ddI twice daily as the sachet formulation and used this for at least 1 month. Subsequently, the patients were conv
Fichtenbaum CJ; Clifford DB; Powderly WG; AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Washington University School of; Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.
Dideoxynucleosides induce a dose-related toxic neuropathy; however, there is a paucity of information on whether other risk factors influence the development of neuropathy. We reviewed the records of 103 patients at an AIDS Clinical Trials Unit who were taking didanosine and/or zalcitabine to determine the risk factor
Kaplan EH; Heimer R; Yale School of Management, Yale University, New Haven,; Connecticut, USA.
This article provides updated estimates of the rate of new HIV infections among participants in New Haven s legal needle exchange program from syringe tracking and testing data. We previously reported that based on data collected from November 1990 through May 1992, the maximum likelihood incidence rate was zero with
Renzullo PO; McNeil JG; Wann ZF; Burke DS; Brundage JF; Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, DC, USA.
The direct measurement of the incidence of new infections with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be made among soldiers because of the routine and periodic nature of HIV-1 testing in the United States Army. Between November 1985 and October 1993, 978 HIV-1 seroconvers
Bulterys M; Farzadegan H; Chao A; Dushimimana A; Voltz A; Nawrocki P; Kurawige JB; Saah AJ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health,; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
We evaluated the diagnostic utility and prognostic value of immune-complex-dissociated (ICD) HIV-1 p24 antigen detection in a prospective cohort study of perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection in Butare, Rwanda . HIV-1 p24 antigen was measured after acid dissociation in plasma samples
Gracia F; Castillo LC; Larreategui M; Roberts B; Cedeno V; Heneine W; Blattner W; Kaplan JE; Levine PH; Laboratorio Conmemorativo Gorgas, Panama City, Panama.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is endemic in the Caribbean basin and in Japan . HTLV-II, a closely related virus, is endemic in several groups of native Americans, including Panamanian Guaymi. In Panama, a nationwide HTLV-I/II seroprevalence of 1-2% has been reported
Cimarelli A; Duclos CA; Gessain A; Cattaneo E; Casoli C; Biglione M; Mauclere P; Bertazzoni U; Istituto di Genetica Biochimica ed Evoluzionistica del CNR,; Pavia, Italy.
To better correlate the burden of human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) infection with diagnostic and prognostic markers, we developed a new competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the quantitative determination of proviral copy numbers in infected cells. A competitive plasmid
The immunophenotype of spindle cells in epidemic, endemic, and classic (sporadic) Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) lesions was defined by the demonstration of various cell markers and compared with that of KS-derived cell lines. No significant histological or immunophenotypic differences were observed between the three clinical
Zauli G; La Placa M; Vignoli M; Re MC; Gibellini D; Furlini G; Milani D; Marchisio M; Mazzoni M; Capitani S; Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Ferrara, Italy.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivating Tat protein is pivotal to virus replication. Tat s potential effects on HIV-1 pathogenesis, however, go well beyond its role in the virus s life cycle. Current data indicate that biologically active Tat is released from HIV-1-infected cells and readily endocy
Powell DM; Zhang MJ; Konings DA; Wingfield PT; Stahl SJ; Dayton ET; Dayton AI; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892, USA.
The Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) multimerizes along RNAs containing the Rev target sequence, the RRE. Although sequence-specific information is recognized in the high affinity or initial interaction, it is not known what role RNA-contained information plays in higher-order binding events.
MacGregor RR; Pakola SJ; Graziani AL; Montzka DP; Hodinka RL; Nichols CW; Friedman HM; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of; Medicine 19104, USA.
To determine the frequency and significance of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) viremia and viruria in HIV-positive subjects with low CD4+ lymphocyte counts but with no clinical indications for culture, we studied 100 consecutive clinic
Hu PF; Hultin LE; Hultin P; Hausner MA; Hirji K; Jewett A; Bonavida B; Detels R; Giorgi JV; Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine 90095-1745, USA.
Natural killer (NK) cells were enumerated by three-color immunofluorescence in 255 uninfected and 399 human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Several dramatic alterations were observed. First, the median number and percentage of CD16+CD56+ NK cells, the subset that comprises > 90% of the NK cells in healthy adul
Lester P; Partridge JC; Chesney MA; Cooke M; Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco General Hospital,; University of California 94143, USA.
As more women of childbearing age are affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), many providers have demanded routine perinatal HIV screening, arguing that the medical benefits of testing outweigh the socioeconomic, medical, and psychological risks of a positive HIV test for women. In this primarily urban poo
O'Dell MW; Lubeck DP; O'Driscoll P; Matsuno S; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of; Cincinnati, College of Medicine, OH 45267-0530, USA.
The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) is the most widely used health status measure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicine and research. Because there are limited data on KPS metric properties in this setting, we present evidence of the construct validity of the KPS in a sample of HIV-infected persons using d
Djomand G; Greenberg AE; Sassan-Morokro M; Tossou O; Diallo MO; Ekpini E; Ghys P; Soro B; Brattegaard K; Yapi A; et al; Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
We present a review of epidemiologic data collected by Projet RETRO-CI between 1987 and 1993 on trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 infections and on cases of AIDS in Abidjan, Cote d Ivoire . Overall rates of HIV infection in pregnant women had alrea
Palenicek JP; Graham NM; He YD; Hoover DA; Oishi JS; Kingsley L; Saah AJ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health,; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
In this analysis the aim was to determine the independent effect of moderate to severe weight loss prior to an AIDS diagnosis on survival after AIDS. The study was conducted as part of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a longitudinal study of HIV-1-seropositive gay or bisexual men. Measured weight and self-rep
Hu DJ; Fleming PL; Castro KG; Jones JL; Bush TJ; Hanson D; Chu SY; Kaplan J; Ward JW; Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases,; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; 30333, USA.
In order to examine differences in the prevalence of AIDS-defining conditions by race/ethnicity, we analyzed U.S. surveillance data for 203,470 adolescents and adults diagnosed with AIDS from 1988 through 1992. A number of AIDS-indicator conditions were more common among certain racial/ethnic groups. The prevalence of
Kral AH; Watters JK; Lifson AR; Carlson JR; Stanley M; Urban Health Study, Institute for Health Policy Studies, San; Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
Standard HIV-1 testing relies on the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detecting antibodies specific to HIV-1. This technique may misclassify persons as HIV-1-negative in instances where testing follows infection but precedes development of antibody to HIV-1. To evaluate the occurrence of HIV infection in the absence of po
Harrison K; Vlahov D; Jones K; Charron K; Clements ML; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of; Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Injection drug users (IDUs) at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are being identified as a population for HIV vaccine trials. We studied willingness of drug users to enroll and their comprehension of consent procedures in the context of a Phase II trial at one site. Of 175 people screened for
Hughes MD; DeGruttola V; Welles SL; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, MA 02115, USA.
We discuss approaches for efficiently evaluating potential surrogate markers; in particular, we focus on case-cohort designs in which marker evaluation is undertaken only for a random sample of subjects within a randomized trial and for all other subjects who develop a major clinical outcome. These designs will be use
Carter SK; Worldwide Clinical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers; Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
Clinical research can be viewed from three perspectives: research, patient care, and regulatory. Clinical research strategies can be either drug oriented, following the traditional phase I-II-III flow, or disease oriented. The drug-oriented strategy has as its goal regulatory approval, which means widespread patient-c
Reichelderfer PS; Coombs RW; NIH, NIAID, Division of AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
The criteria used to evaluate which virologic measurements are used to monitor HIV-1 infection should include an assessment of verification, variation, and validation. Rationale for use should first be based on understanding the role of the measurement in the pathogenesis of the disease. Subsequently, the prevalence o
Katzenstein DA; Center for AIDS Research, Stanford University Medical Center, CA; 94305, USA.
Treatment of AIDS and HIV infection is increasingly dependent on the use of surrogate markers to assess the efficacy of drug and biologic therapies in individual patients and in the clinical trials. Recent developments in laboratory techniques have resulted in new assays to measure circulating viral RNA in HIV-infecte
Todd J; Pachl C; White R; Yeghiazarian T; Johnson P; Taylor B; Holodniy M; Kern D; Hamren S; Chernoff D; et al; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
Highly sensitive assays that quantitate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA may be valuable for clinical research and the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients. In this study we evaluated the reproducibility and accuracy of the first-generation branched DNA (bDNA-1.0) signal amplification assay under condit
Conway B; Montpetit M; Raboud J; Salas T; Dufour D; Montaner JS; O'Shaughnessy MV; Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British; Columbia, Canada.
We have previously noted an association between proviral load and the severity of immune disease in individuals with a wide range of CD4 cell counts. Using the quantitative DNA polymerase chain reaction technology developed in our laboratory, we sought to extend these observations, with a view to establishing guidelin
Ferre F; Moss RB; Daigle A; Richieri SP; Jensen F; Carlo DJ; Immune Response Corporation, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
During the symposium on surrogate markers of HIV, the Scientific Advisory Committee posed the following question: Which surrogate markers currently deserve the greatest commitment of investigative resources to validate them in a clinical setting? The Committee concluded that for antiretroviral drugs measurements of HI
Anderson DW; DeNobile J; Zhao F; Vahey M; Lane J; Nau M; Brown AE; Wegner SA; Malone JD; Wagner K; et al; Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, D.C., USA.
The potential of lymph node fine-needle aspiration (LNFNA) for sampling viral load was evaluated in excised, peripheral lymph nodes from five patients with early-stage human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 disease (asymptomatic, CD4 cells > 300/mm3). The preponderance (> 80%) of viral RNA was within follicular ger
Schellekens PT; Koot M; Roos MT; Tersmette M; Miedema F; Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the; Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) results in a severe immunodeficiency characterized by a depletion of CD4+ T-helper cells. Furthermore, it is well documented that in asymptomatic persons the number of CD4+ cells is also a good predictor of progression to AIDS. However, persons with simila
Raboud JM; Haley L; Montaner JS; Murphy C; Januszewska M; Schechter MT; Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine,; St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,; Canada.
We have conducted a study to quantify the amount of variation in the CD4 lymphocyte counts of HIV-infected individuals due to laboratory and physiological factors. Thirty HIV-infected male volunteers had blood drawn on six occasions: three times in each of 2 weeks, 4 weeks apart. Two tubes of blood were drawn at each
Trauger RJ; Daigle AE; Giermakowska W; Moss RB; Jensen F; Carlo DJ; Immune Response Corporation, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
We report the safety and immunogenicity results of a double-blind adjuvant controlled trial of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) immunogen. Healthy, asymptomatic HIV-1-seropositive individuals received either three 100 microgram doses of the inactivated HIV-1 antigen in incomplete Freund s adjuvant (IFA)
St. Clair MH; Pennington KN; Rooney J; Barry DW; Division of Virology, Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle; Park, NC 27709, USA.
Ten different three-drug combinations have been analyzed for their ability to prevent HIV-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in a continuous human T-lymphoblastoid cell line. Agents acting at the same as well as at different sites in the HIV-1 replicative cycle were used. Each compound was analyzed at peak and trough p
Fleming TR; Neaton JD; Goldman A; DeMets DL; Launer C; Korvick J; Abrams D; University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics, Seattle; 98195, USA.
The design, conduct, and analysis of clinical trials that evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment interventions in patients with HIV infection provide many scientific challenges. A recently completed randomized trial of didanosine (ddI) and zalcitabine (
Soo W; Nauss-Karol C; Elkins M; Rooney J; Barry DW; Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110-1199, USA.
The Inter-Company Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development (ICC) represents a collaborative effort among member companies to facilitate the conduct of clinical trials on AIDS drugs. One of the goals of the ICC is to expedite the development of combination antiretroviral therapy through data and compound sharing. Recent
Kazempour K; Kammerman LA; Farr SS; Division of Biometrics, USFDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.
Seven major clinical trials for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals are investigated. The treatments used in these trials were zidovudine, dideoxyinosine, dideoxycytosine, and one combination for patients with CD4 cell counts
Eijkelenboom AP; Lutzke RA; Boelens R; Plasterk RH; Kaptein R; Hard K; Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The; Netherlands.
We have determined the solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of HIV-1 integrase by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In solution, this carboxyterminal region of integrase forms a homodimer, consisting of two structures that closely resemble Src-homology 3 (SH3) domains. Lys 264, previously identified by
Carlson ER; Marx RE; Buck BE; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Miami; School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Fla., USA.
Over the past two decades, oral and maxillofacial surgeons have gained a greater appreciation for the biology of allogeneic bone healing, resulting in a dramatic increase in its indications and use. Unfortunately, this time period has also ushered in near epidemic proportions of HIV-infected persons, some of whom migh
Flaitz CM; Nichols CM; Adler-Storthz K; Hicks MJ; Department of Stomatology, University of Texas Health Science; Center-Houston, USA.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and histological features of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in men who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus and to evaluate viral cofactors (human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus), proliferative index (proliferatin
Galli M; Santambrogio S; Infectious Diseases Clinic, L. Sacco Hospital, University of; Milan, Italy.
AIDS epidemic began about 15 years ago; since then, the number of new cases have increased over time. By the end of 1994, 1,025,073 AIDS cases had been reported to the WHO, with a 20% increase in the number of cases since December 1993. As is now evident that the majority of cases occur in developing countries, under-
Dalgleish AG; Moyle GJ; Easterbrook P; Gazzard BG; Division of Oncology, St. George's Hospital Medical School,; London, U.K.
The time from the recognition that AIDS was an infectious disease, to the discovery of HIV as the causative agent and the identification of the first specific antiviral agent that showed some clinical benefit, was impressively short. Over the last few years it would appear that progress against AIDS has slowed down co
Clerici M; Chair of Immunology, University of Milan, Italy.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinically multifaceted disease induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infection results in a complex pattern of immunologic alterations that leads to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the majority of HIV se
Ganz WI; Serafini AN; Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida 33101, USA.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the causative agent for the expanding epidemic of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Sixteen million individuals were estimated to be infected worldwide with HIV by the World Health Organization in 1995, with over 10 million in Afri
Le Blang SD; Witheman ML; Post MJ; Casillas JV; Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida 33136, USA.
Morphological imaging, based on the use of various techniques including ultrasound, X-ray computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plays an important role in the characterization, diagnosis and follow-up of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency
Brunetti A; Soricelli A; Rotondo A; Alfano B; Raman R; Celentano L; Di Chiro G; Salvatore M; Centro CNR per la Medicina Nucleare, Fondazione Pascale, Naples,; Italy.
The immunocompromised patient can be affected by different opportunistic infections and tumors, that can involve all organ systems, and particularly, the central nervous system, the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract. The extreme variability of AIDS presentations requires a specific preparation and coopera
Buscombe JR; Oyen WJ; Corstens FH; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
Nuclear Medicine should have a pivitol role to play in the investigation of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Unfortunately the use of scintigraphic techniques to localise infection have not become widely used in Europe. Neither 67Ga citrate or labelled leukocytes are ideal. In a search fo
Palestro CJ; Goldsmith SJ; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center,; New Hyde Park, New York, NY, USA.
Because AIDS patients frequently present with minimal symptomatology, radionuclide imaging with its ability to survey the entire body, is especially valuable. Gallium-67 citrate, the most commonly performed radionuclide study for localizing infection in these patients, is most useful for detecting opportunistic infect
Lung 99mTc DTPA transfer/permeability has been widely used to assess the integrity of the lung alveolar-capillary interface. The use in HIV positive patients to provide a rapid assessment of causes of breathlessness or fever is discussed in this overview. There is I believe a clear role for this technique in this grou
Costa DC; Gacinovic S; Miller RF; University College London Medical School, Middlesex Hospital, UK.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) may produce a variety of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and signs. CNS involvement in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) includes AIDS dementia complex or HIV-1 associated cognitive/motor
Robinson D; Elliott JF; Chang LJ; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
We have constructed a new retroviral vector by making modifications to the commonly used Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) based vector in the long terminal repeat (LTR). The changes include replacement of a portion of the U3 region of the MoMLV LTR with a hybrid regulatory element consisting of the human
Dillon SR; MacKay VL; Fink PJ; University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of; Immunology, Seattle 98195-7650, USA.
We have established a model system for analyzing the induction of self-tolerance among mature peripheral T cells in V beta 5 TCR Tg mice. Both CD4+V beta 5+ and CD8+ V beta 5+ cells undergo a superantigen-driven chronic deletion in the periphery of I-E mice. Prior to their disappearance, CD4+ transgene-expressing cell
Kanai E; Miyazawa K; Kuwabara S; Yoshikawa O; Toyama K; Oshimi K; First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical College.
A 57-year-old man was admitted because of hypergammaglobulinemia which was initially pointed out by annual complete physical examination. No significant abnormal findings were observed except polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia at that time (IgG; 2,662 mg/dl, IgA; 422 mg/dl). Seven months later, he has progressed to sho
Nomura S; Suzuki M; Miyake T; Miyazaki Y; Kido H; Kagawa H; Yanabu M; Fukuhara S; First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University.
We measured soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2 R) in serum samples from 57 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The sIL-2 R level was significantly increased in the ITP patients (481.3 +/- 378.5 U/ml) compared with controls (176.2 +/- 66.9 U/ml) (p
Kondou S; Kanayama K; Morise K; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School; of Medicine.
The distribution and localization of collagen types were studied immunohistochemically in resected tissues obtained from gastric cancer patients. The expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) -alpha, TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 on cancer cells as well as the aggregation of T lymphocytes in the cancer tissue were al
Wada Y; Sato T; Kitajima H; Kubo M; Department of Pediatrics, Kashiwa Hospital, Tokyo Jikei; University School of Medicine.
We describe an 8-year-old boy with CVID and chronic CMV infection. Although at onset he was diagnosed as IgA deficiency, 4 years after his clinical manifestations because compatible to CVID. During his clinical course he had suffered from various disorders as fo
Hornung RL; Longo DL; Gowda VL; Kwak LW; Biological Carcinogenesis & Development Program, Program; Resources, Inc./DynCorp, Frederick, MD, USA.
We have investigated the ability of the novel muramyl dipeptide, GMDP, to act as an adjuvant for the induction of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. C57Bl/6 mice were twice immunized s.c. with 50 micrograms OVA emulsified with a squalane, L121 pluronic containing Tween-80 vehicle ei
Bourinbaiar AS; Krasinski K; Borkowsky W; Lee-Huang S; Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center,; NY 10016, USA.
The hypothesis that the low transmission rate of HIV in utero may be due, in part, to the protective effect of IFN-producing placental trophoblasts was explored in vitro. The model consisted of H9 lymphocytes, as surrogates of maternal HIV-infected T cells, incubated for 3 h with JEG-3 trophoblasts in the presence of
Angel JB; Saget BM; Wang MZ; Wang A; Dinarello CA; Skolnik PR; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine,; Boston, MA 02111, USA.
TNF-alpha enhances HIV-1 replication in acutely and chronically infected cells and likely contributes to the wasting associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Agents that inhibit TNF-alpha activity should theoretically delay the progression of disease, and several are currently in clinical trials. We hyp
New Microbiol. 1995 Jul;18(3):241-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96028320
Bandecchi P; Pistello M; Matteucci D; Lombardi S; Bendinelli M; Tozzini F; Department of Animal Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy.
The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces syncytia in Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cells grown in low fetal bovine serum-containing medium. This finding has allowed the development of sensitive FIV titration and neutralization assays using syncytium formation as an indicator of infection. In this report we exam
New Microbiol. 1995 Jul;18(3):299-301. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96028327
Iuliano R; Forastieri G; Brizzi M; Mazzotta F; Ceccherini-Nelli L; Department of Biomedicine, University of Pisa.
To detect HIV-1 plasma viral load in seropositive patients, we applied a new molecular quantitation technique: branched DNA signal amplification (bDNA). We performed bDNA with 99 sera from HIV-1 seropositive patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. We compared the results obtained with p24 antigenemia and CD4+ cell
DNA extraction is a critical step in PCR analysis and is closely related to its sensitivity. Traditional methods, based on phenol-chloroform extraction, require more time and the use of toxic reagents. GeneReleaser (Bio Ventures Inc.) is a commercial product which releases DNA from whole blood, cell cultures, bacteria
New Microbiol. 1995 Jul;18(3):335-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96028335
Ortona E; Margutti P; De Luca A; Tamburrini E; Visconti E; Siracusano A; Department of Immunology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma,; Italy.
To gain further insight into the genetic variability between different isolates of Pneumocystis carinii of rat and human origin, we sequenced three DNA regions from the mitochondrial rRNA gene, the 5S rRNA gene and the dihydrofolate reductase gene (DHFR) of microorganisms isolated from three different immunosuppressed
Schmidt-Westhausen A; Grunewald T; Reichart PA; Pohle HD; Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Radiology, Center for Dental; Medicine, Universitatsklinikum Chartie, Humboldt University; Berlin, Germany.
A 59-year-old Caucasian male patient with AIDS is described who presented with an oral lesion of cryptococcosis. The gingival ulceration was the only detectable lesion of cryptococcosis. Diagnosis was established by histopathologic findings from biopsy and detection of serum cryptococcal antigen. The patient was treat
Can Med Assoc J. 1995 Oct 1;153(7):967-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96048090
Mackie ID; HIV Care Program, St. Joseph's Health Centre in London, Ont.
The recent AIDS-related death of a friend forced Dr. Iain Mackie to think about the disease and the lack of positive news about it. Despite a flood of recent studies that brought pessimistic news about the treatments now in use, Mackie tries to remain optimistic. I may be treating only myself as I feed off the politic
Trees DL; Morse SA; Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease, Centers for Disease; Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Haemophilus ducreyi is a fastidious gram-negative bacillus that causes the sexually transmitted infection chancroid. Chancroid is a major genital ulcerative disease in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America and is of increasing concern in the United States . Genital ul
Sewell DL; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs; Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
An estimated 500,000 laboratory workers in the United States are at risk of exposure to infectious agents that cause disease ranging from inapparent to life-threatening infections, but the precise risk to a given worker unknown. The emergence of human immunodeficiency virus and hantavi
Tappero JW; Perkins BA; Wenger JD; Berger TG; Childhood and Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease; Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) presents most commonly as a cutaneous disease and is caused by two organisms. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae and Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana. Biopsy confirmation of cutaneous BA is essential because lesions can mimic nodular Kaposi s sarcoma in appearance. Although the vast majorit
Cell Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;165(2):177-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96021255
Pelegri C; Paz Morante M; Castellote C; Castell M; Franch A; Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona,; Spain.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) W3/25, found to be nondepleting, on the onset of rat adjuvant arthritis (AA), and, in addition, to ascertain whether depletion of CD8+ cells during the same period could interfere with those effects. Female Wistar rats in whic
Cell Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;165(2):225-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96021261
Siesjo P; Visse E; Sjogren HO; Department of Tumor Immunology, Wallenberg Laboratory, University; of Lund, Sweden.
Previously established immunogenic (tum-) clones of an ENU (ethyl-N-nitrosourea)-induced rat glioma, N32, were compared to the original tumor concerning their capacity to induce T lymphocyte responses after in vivo immunization and in vitro restimulation of responder spleen cells in mixed lymphocyte tumor culture (MLT
Cell Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;165(2):234-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96021262
Takeshita S; Breen EC; Ivashchenko M; Nishanian PG; Kishimoto T; Vredevoe DL; Martinez-Maza O; UCLA School of Nursing, USA.
Elevated levels of circulating monokines (IL-6, IL-1, and TNF alpha) have been seen in HIV-1 infection, and the overproduction of these cytokines could contribute to AIDS pathogenesis in various ways. In previous work, we had seen that exposure of human monocytes to HIV-1, including inactivated, noninfectious HIV, led
All disulfide analogs (types I, II and III) of protegrin (PG)-1, an 18-residue antimicrobial peptide having two intramolecular disulfide bonds, were synthesized using regioselective disulfide bond formation. Random air-oxidation of the fully reduced PG-1 formed the type III PG-1. In addition, a type III analog contain
Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(4):515-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96040929
Fujiyama C; Fujiyoshi T; Matsumoto D; Tamashiro H; Sonoda S; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima; University, Japan.
To evaluate the performance of currently available test kits for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), we examined two particle agglutination (PA) tests and nine enzyme immunoassays (EIA) using a standard serum panel consisting of HTLV-1-positive and HTLV-1-negative sera that had been characterized by immun
Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(4):531-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96040932
Aylward B; Lloyd J; Zaffran M; McNair-Scott R; Evans P; Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization, World Health; Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
The unsafe use and disposal of injection equipment continues to put patients, health care workers, and the general community at risk of infections such as hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Although the potential for unsafe injection practices varies substantially with the type of equipment that is us
Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(4):541-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96040933
Enwonwu CO; University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
Poverty is the single most important risk indicator for noma (cancrum oris), a severe gangrene of the soft and hard tissues of the mouth, face, and neighbouring areas. The risk factors associated with an increased probability of noma developing include the following: malnutrition, poor oral hygiene, and a state of deb
Circulation. 1995 Oct 15;92(8):2220-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96017301
Lipshultz SE; Orav EJ; Sanders SP; Colan SD; Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115,; USA.
BACKGROUND: Progressive left ventricular (LV) dilation is common in children infected with HIV-1 and may be a harbinger of congestive heart failure (CHF). In many HIV-infected children, dilation is associated with inadequate LV hypertrophy, elevated afterload, and reduced LV function. Because CHF has been observed emp
Quinti I; Pandolfi F; Paganelli R; el Salman D; Giovannetti A; Rosso R; Oliva A; Rainaldi L; Aiuti F; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University La; Sapienza Rome, Italy.
We tested for infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 58 patients affected by humoral immunodeficiencies: 43 common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), two hyper IgM syndrome (HIM), two IgG subclass deficiency, four ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), and seven X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA). While the assessment of serum
Rusconi S; Riva A; Meroni L; Zehender G; Cocchi F; Scapellato L; Galli M; Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Universita di Milano, Italy.
We evaluated the in vitro antibody production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) against HIV-1 proteins in infected adults. Fifty-four HIV-1 infected patients (four recent seroconverters, 15 asymptomatics with a CD4 count higher than 500/microliters, 27 asymptomatics with a CD4 count between 200 and 500/mi
Diaz-Mitoma F; Kumar A; Karimi S; Kryworuchko M; Daftarian MP; Creery WD; Filion LG; Cameron W; Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern; Ontario, University of Ottawa, Canada.
Infection of immune cells with HIV induces dysregulation of cytokines which may play a vital role in HIV pathogenesis. We analysed the expression of T helper type 1 (Th1) (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) type cytokines in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from HIV+ patients. The semiquantitative r
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in measles virus infection have been difficult to investigate due to the strong immunosuppressive effects exhibited by infectious measles virus in vitro. In order to circumvent immunosuppression we used predicted peptide epitopes to induce measles virus-specific CTL. This was done by
Akolkar PN; Gulwani-Akolkar B; Chirmule N; Pahwa S; Kalyanaraman VS; Pergolizzi R; Macphail S; Silver J; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital/Cornell; University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
HIV infection is characterized by paralysis of the immune system and a depletion of CD4+ cells. Recent studies demonstrating modulation of the V beta T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in HIV patients have suggested that some of these effects may be the result of action by one or more superantigens encoded by the virus.
Brodie SJ; Bickle HM; DeMartini JC; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research; Service, Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3965, USA.
Encephalomyelitis is a sequela to ovine lentivirus (OvLV) and human immunodeficiency virus infections. Examination of autopsy tissue from 38 naturally infected asymptomatic sheep showed that 7 (18%) had subclinical neurological lesions characterized by perivascular and periventricular infiltrates of lymphocytes and hi
Ramzaoui S; Jouen-Beades F; Gilbert D; Borsa-Lebas F; Michel Y; Humbert G; Tron F; Groupe de Recherche en Immunopathologie, Institut Federatif de; Recherche Multidisciplinaire sur les Peptides, France.
Three-color automated flow cytometry was carried out on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes of 42 HIV-positive patients using tri-color anti-CD4 or anti-CD8, phycoerythrin-anti-CD38, and fluorescein-anti-HLA-DR, mAbs to elucidate further the T-cell activation hypothesis recently proposed to explain CD4+ T-cel
Weiss L; You JF; Giral P; Alhenc-Gelas M; Senger D; Kazatchkine MD; Service d'Immunologie, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.
HIV infection is associated with polyclonal increase in serum immunoglobulins and with elevated titers of serum antibodies to a variety of self antigens, including anti-phospholipid antibodies. In the present study, we found a high prevalence of 46.8% of serum IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) in a group of 111 uns
Komatsu F; Kihara K; Blood Transfusion Service, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical &; Dental University, Japan.
The natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities of a patient who recovered from bladder transitional cell carcinoma were determined. The patient was diagnosed in 1980 and repeated several therapies until 1986. Since 1987, he has been in a tumor-free state. Recently, very high NK and LAK activi
Gulwani-Akolkar B; Akolkar PN; McKinley M; Fisher SE; Silver J; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital/Cornell; University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
To identify disease-specific T cell changes that occur in Crohn s disease (CD), the T cell receptor (TCR) BV repertoires of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) isolated from the diseased colon of seven CD patients and eight controls were determined by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). As an internal cont
Magill AJ; Department of Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,; Washington, D.C., USA.
The leishmaniases are a group of zoonotic infections caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. These infections produce a variety of different clinical diseases depending on the virulence or tropism of the parasite and differential host immune responses. Newly recognized clinical presentations, such as vi
Ponnighaus JM; Universitats-Hautklinik, Saar, Germany.
Incidence rates of leprosy seem to be falling in most countries around the world, despite the HIV epidemic. Among the reasons for the declining rates are changing socioeconomic conditions and high BCG vaccination coverage. The numbers of people disabled by leprosy, however, are more important than incidence rates of l
Drotman DP; Peterman TA; Friedman-Kien AE; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in AIDS patients. Neither the cause nor a cure for AIDS-related KS is known. KS serves as a striking example of how epidemiologists seek the cause of any disease. Epidemiologic analysis of reported KS cases is revealing but not definitive. The leading hy
Blunt DM; Padley SP; Department of Radiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital,; London, UK.
Intrathoracic disease in AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) produces a range of radiographic appearances. This study aimed to determine the frequency, distribution and characteristics of these appearances. The case notes and findings on imaging of 116 consecutive cases of ARL were reviewed retrospectively. In 52 cases there
Marx CE; Fan K; Morris AJ; Wilson ML; Damiani A; Weinstein MP; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center,; Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Mycobacterium xenopi and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are biochemically similar. To define the laboratory characteristics of M. xenopi that distinguish it from MAC, 53 M. xenopi isolates from different areas in the United States and 47 isolates recovered at one hospital were evalu
Ohene-Gyan KA; Haagsma J; Davies MJ; Hounsell EF; Department of Bacteriology, Central Veterinary Institute,; Lelystad, The Netherlands.
The polar glycolipid fractions of several mycobacterial strains of the closely related species M. avium and M. paratuberculosis have been analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high pH anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas-liquid chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The upp
Suarez Fernandez R; Martin Rodriguez F; Lopez Bran E; Nunez Alonso C; Sanchez De Paz F; Sanchez Yus E; Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Clinico San; Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
A severe form of crusted scabies is described in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. He was treated with 1 percent lindane lotion and 5 percent sulfur ointment with 2 percent salicylic acid, which resulted in the clearing of the skin lesions.
Schroeder SA; Beneck D; Dozor AJ; Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla,; USA.
The incidence of pneumothorax in HIV-infected children has not been reported. In adults with AIDS, pneumothorax has been described exclusively in association with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). We report the cases of three children with AIDS, one with lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) without evidence of
Chalasani NP; Valdecanas MA; Gopal AK; McGowan JE Jr; Jurado RL; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine,; Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, USA.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We retrospectively examined the clinical utility of obtaining routine blood cultures before the administration of antibiotics in certain nonimmunosuppressed patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to the hospital during 1991. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Grady Memorial Hosp
Metersky ML; Colt HG; Olson LK; Shanks TG; Pulmonary Division, University of Connecticut Health Center,; Farmington, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To define risk factors and optimum therapy for AIDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax (PTX). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Thirty-five patients with AIDS who developed spontaneous PTX between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1991, of whom 27 (77.1%) did so in the settin
Mertz HR; Beck CK; Dixon W; Esquivel MA; Hays RD; Shapiro MF; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; 37232, USA.
Adequate measures of diarrheal disease are important to assess severity for clinical use and outcomes research. We developed a questionnaire to assess diarrhea severity and complications, and administered it to 205 HIV positive patients with diarrhea, fever, or weight loss. Noteworthy variations in stool form were rep
HISTORY AND FINDINGS: A 32-year-old man, known to have been HIV-positive for 6 years, was admitted to hospital because of dyspnoea and dry cough. For 8 months he had an HIV illness in stage C3 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta) with fever, weight loss and obviously reduced general and nutritional sta
Baumann RJ; Wilson JF; Wiese HJ; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of; Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0284, USA.
We explored Kentuckians attitudes toward children with epilepsy. Questions compared respondents attitudes about children with epilepsy, asthma, hyperactivity, and AIDS. Random digit dialing led to 617 completed interviews. The key questions asked concerned (a) how a pupil with each illness would alter the classroom
EMBO J. 1995 Sep 15;14(18):4622-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003642
Sala M; Wain-Hobson S; Schaeffer F; Unite de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris,; France.
The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 reverse transcriptase tG:T mispair formation and base pair stability was investigated using DNA and RNA templates with 15 bp matched or mismatched DNA primers. tG:T mispair formation during primer elongation was undetectable on tDNA-DNA duplexes but oc
Nagata A; Christianson JC; Waseda University, School of Human Sciences, Saitama-ken, Japan.
Frequency (mean and median power frequency, f and fm) and amplitude (average rectified and root mean square values, ARV and rms), parameters of the M-wave, and the dorsiflexor force parameters of the anterior tibial muscles were measured in seven healthy human subjects. Intermittent, voluntary contractions at relative
Hensel J; Hintz M; Karas M; Linder D; Stahl B; Geyer R; Biochemisches Institut am Klinikum der; Justus-Liebig-Universitat, Giessen, Germany.
Friend murine leukaemia virus complex was propagated on murine cells in the presence of [9,10-3H]palmitic acid. Virus particles were harvested from the culture supernatant and lysed with detergents. The viral transmembrane protein, p12E, was isolated from the lysates by size-exclusion chromatography and purified by na
Melon Garcia S; de Ona Navarro M; Rodriguez Pinto C; Fernandez Urgelles M; Martinez Gutierrez A; de la Iglesia P; Mendez Garcia FJ; Microbiology Service, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo,; Spain.
A total of 186 blood samples from 24 HIV-1 seropositive hemophiliac patients, monitored every four months for 29 months, were investigated for the presence of viral antigen in plasma. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured for HIV-1, using normal PBMC as a target for replication. Antigene
Contini C; Romani R; Magno S; Delia S; Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, University of; Ferrara, Italy.
Toxoplasma gondii infection was investigated in 14 AIDS patients with neurological involvement who showed clinical and computer tomographic scan signs suggestive of toxoplasmic encephalitis or extraneuronal localization suggestive of toxoplasmic infection. Blood, lung secretion (bronchoalveolar lavage and/or induced s
Pineda JA; Rivero A; Rey C; Hernandez-Quero J; Vergara A; Munoz J; Aguado I; Santos J; Torronteras R; Gallardo JA; et al; Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen del Rocio University; Hospital, Seville, Spain.
Two hundred and ninety-four non-transfused prostitutes from Spain , who denied intravenous drug abuse, were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. Seventeen (5.78%) of them were seropositive. Both in univariate and correspondence analyses, serological results for hepatitis C
In a national prospective study of risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 316 children of HIV-positive mothers were followed up for at least 6 months. Infection status was determined in 254 of them and 46 were found to be infected giving a transmission rate of 18.1%. Univa
Retinal infections caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) have been reported in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Two cases of a VZV-related retinitis are described with the characteristic features of the recently described progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) syndrome. Both patients suffered
Sandy CJ; Bloom PA; Graham EM; Ferris JD; Shah SM; Schulenburg WE; Migdal CS; Western Eye Hospital, London, UK.
Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) are surviving longer due to the use of virostatic medicines and improved treatment of opportunistic infections. As a result, retinal detachment is likely to become an increasingly common c
Goupil MT; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of; Connecticut, School of Dental Medicine, Newington, USA.
When considering potentials emergencies in the dental office, one usually first thinks about potential drug reactions or adverse response to underlying systemic diseases. The rare, but potential, emergencies arising from the office environment itself also exist. Toxic reactions to various chemicals found in the office
FASEB J. 1995 Oct;9(13):1331-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96026200
Gonzalez-Haba MG; Garcia-Maurino S; Calvo JR; Goberna R; Guerrero JM; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,; University of Seville School of Medicine, Spain.
This paper shows the presence of high-affinity binding sites for melatonin in human circulating T lymphocytes, but not in B lymphocytes. The binding of melatonin to T cells was dependent on time, stable, reversible, saturable, specific, and inversely correlated to the production of melatonin, expressed as the nocturna
Miura S; Tsuzuki Y; Fukumura D; Serizawa H; Suematsu M; Kurose I; Imaeda H; Kimura H; Nagata H; Tsuchiya M; et al; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University,; Tokyo, Japan.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although recirculation of lymphocytes through Peyer s patches is important for specific immune defense, the intraorgan migration of lymphocyte subpopulations has not been clearly understood. The aim of this study was to compare the spatial distributions of labeled lymphocytes among various subpop
In a national multicentre study, 229 pregnancies in 219 HIV-positive women were prospectively followed up between January 1, 1990, and October 30, 1993. 69.8% were infected by intravenous drug abuse and 91.5% were asymptomatic (CDC classes II and III) in early pregnancy. 48 (21.0%) were first discovered to be HIV-infe
Jimenez M; Ferrer-Dufol M; Canavate C; Gutierrez-Solar B; Molina R; Laguna F; Lopez-Velez R; Cercenado E; Dauden E; Blazquez J; et al; Laboratorio de Referencia de Leishmaniasis, Instituto de Salud; Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum is the causative agent of both the cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis in southwest Europe; the dog is the main reservoir. In order to identify the L. (L.) infantum zymodemes present in Spain , a total number of 85 Leishmania stocks isolated
Venkateswarlu K; Denning DW; Manning NJ; Kelly SL; Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of; Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Sheffield University, UK.
Mucosal candidosis is an almost inevitable consequence of AIDS. Resistance to fluconazole therapy associated with enhanced tolerance, detectable in microbiological estimation of sensitivity, occurs in up to 10% of cases with late-stage AIDS. We report here our biochemical analysis of the basis of resistance in a study
Gene. 1995 Aug 30;162(1):5-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96009870
Hong YR; Mullaney JM; Black LW; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland,; School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201-1503, USA.
DNA coding for bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (T7-RNAP) was inserted into a positive selection-vector form of the T4 genome, placing it under the control of bacteriophage T4 ipIII promoters. The recombinant T4::T7-RNAP fusion phage retained infectivity and produced T7-RNAP in infected cells. Fusion genes were constru
Jensen TH; Jensen A; Kjems J; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
We have constructed two new vectors for the production of foreign proteins in Escherichia coli. The vectors, pGEX-GTH and pET-HTG, produce protein fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) at the N- and C-termini, respectively, allowing one-step purification on glutathione-Sepharose. Furthermore, they carry the recogni
Macreadie IG; Castelli LA; Lucantoni A; Azad AA; Biomolecular Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
We have produced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef (a myristylated 206-amino-acid protein) in Saccharomyces cerevisaie and shown that, while Nef is normally found as a predominantly intracellular protein, amounts up to 40 micrograms/ml of Nef are also released into the extracellular medium during stress.
Sadun AA; Pepose JS; Madigan MC; Laycock KA; Tenhula WN; Freeman WR; Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
BACKGROUND: Clinical and histopathological evidence of optic nerve axonal loss has been reported in AIDS patients without retinitis. The study was carried out to investigate the possible involvement of HIV-infected cells in the development of optic nerve degeneration. METHODS: Optic nerves were obtained from eight AID
Garzetti GG; Ciavattini A; Butini L; Vecchi A; Montroni M; Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ancona,; Italy.
OBJECTIVE: In the present study we investigated the cytologic and colposcopic characteristics of a cohort of HIV-infected women, with the aim to determine a relationship between immunologic status and frequency and/or severity of cervical abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 21 women, who tested positive for the HIV
Schifferdecker M; Krahl A; Krekel NO; Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie und Psychiatrie,; Universtitat zu Koln.
With the aim of reaching a new classification of psychoses with multiple sclerosis we reviewed the twentieth century literature for observations with regard to the subject, as well as 688 medical records of our patients, looking for the occurrence of paranoid and hallucinatory psychoses in the course of multiple scler
Indian J Cancer. 1995 Mar;32(1):1-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96038073
Stevens DA; Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Centre,; Stanford University Medical School, San Jose, California; 95128-2699, USA.
The field of antifungal chemotherapy is presently rapidly moving. It began in 1903, with the successful use of potassium iodide (KI). Then there was little progress for 50 years, when in 1951, nystatin was introduced, the first useful polyene. Four years later amphotericin B followed, which is still the historical sta
Consistently high tuberculosis rates in many developing nations, the surprising increase in tuberculosis cases in numerous industrialized countries, together with the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have sharpened public interest in this ancient scourge. Improved tuberculosis co
Noble A; Kemeny DM; Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, United Medical; School, Guy's Hospital, London.
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is antagonistic for many of the activities of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and, as well as suppressing the development of T-helper type-1 (Th1) cells, has been reported to block directly the synthesis of IFN-gamma in human lymphocytes. However, IL-4 transgenic mice produce increased amounts of IFN
Marusic-Galesic S; Walden P; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruder Boskovic,; Zabreb, Croatia.
Targeted disruption of the A beta-encoding gene of H2b mice abolishes major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and results in a failure to develop CD4+8- T cells. Besides this major effect, the lack of class II expression affects the level of T-cell receptor (TCR) and CD4 expression on differentiatin
Fagnoni FF; Takamizawa M; Godfrey WR; Rivas A; Azuma M; Okumura K; Engleman EG; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine,; California, USA.
Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APC). However, the molecular basis underlying this activity remains incompletely understood. To address this question, we generated murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against human peripheral blood-derived DC. One such antibody, designated IT209, stained differ
Hussain LA; Lehner T; Division of Immunology, United Medical School, Guy's Hospital,; London.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is commonly transmitted, during homosexual and heterosexual intercourse, through the rectal and cervicovaginal mucosa, foreskin and urethral epithelia. However, there is uncertainty about HIV transmission through the oral mucosa by oral sex. We have carried out a comparative immunohi
Heemskerk MH; Schoemaker HM; De Jong I; Schijns VE; Spaan WJ; Boog CJ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht; University, The Netherlands.
In this study we have characterized the core epitope recognized by the MHV-A59-specific CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones HS1 and B6.1, derived from BALB/c and C57/BL6 mice, respectively. These CD4+ clones respond to the promiscuous peptide fragment S-329-343 of the glycoprotein S of MHV-A59. The results indica
Lawrence CE; Callanan JJ; Willett BJ; Jarrett O; Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow,; Bearsden, UK.
The immune responsiveness of cats naturally or experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from naturally infected, symptomatic animals displayed depressed proliferation and interleukin-2 ( IL-2
Morikawa Y; Tohya K; Ishida H; Matsuura N; Kakudo K; Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical School, Japan.
Antibodies are produced when antigen-presenting cells (APC) pulsed with an antigen are injected intravenously (i.v.) into BALB/c mice, but subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of such APC causes delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). To identify the anatomic sites where T and B cells are activated, we labelled splenic dendriti
Yazdanbakhsh M; Paxton WA; Brandenburg A; Van Ree R; Lens M; Partono F; Maizels RM; Selkirk ME; Department of Parasitology, University of Leiden, The; Netherlands.
Lymphatic filarial infection in humans is associated with a strong skewing of the immune response towards the TH2 arm, with prominent interleukin 4-producing cells and elevated levels of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and IgE antibodies in peripheral blood. To determine how such a generalized TH2 imbalance governs responses
Gautreaux MD; Gelder FB; Deitch EA; Berg RD; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State; University Medical Center-Shreveport, Shreveport 71130-3932, USA.
Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of viable bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to extraintestinal sites, such as the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), spleen, liver, kidneys, and blood. Previously, we reported that depletion of CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells promotes bacterial translocation from the GI
Sebo P; Fayolle C; d'Andria O; Ladant D; Leclerc C; Ullmann A; Unite de Biochimie des Regulations Cellulaires, Institut; Pasteur, Paris, France.
The adenylate cyclase (AC) toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis has an invasive catalytic domain (AC domain) which penetrates the cytoplasmic membrane of a variety of eukaryotic cells and intoxicates them by unregulated synthesis of cyclic AMP. Previous work led to identification of five permissive sites in the AC dom
Talamas-Rohana P; Schlie-Guzman MA; Hernandez-Ramirez VI; Rosales-Encina JL; Department of Experimental Pathology, Centro de Investigacion y; de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico; City, Mexico.
A 220-kDa surface protein (L220) with lectin activity from Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites has been characterized previously (J. L. Rosales-Encina, I. Meza, A. Lopez-de-Leon, P. Talamas-Rohana, and M. Rojkind, J. Infect. Dis. 156:790-797, 1987). This molecule is involved in the adhesion process (I. Meza, F. Cazares
Perlmann H; Kumar S; Vinetz JM; Kullberg M; Miller LH; Perlmann P; Department of Immunology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Infection of mice with the malaria parasite Plasmodium vinckei vinckei is 100% lethal. However, after two infections followed by drug cure, BALB/c mice develop a solid immunity which is antibody independent but mediated by CD4+ T cells. To elucidate the mechanisms of this immunity, spleen cells from immune mice were c
Fernandes DM; Benson R; Baldwin CL; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of; Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
Studies were conducted to determine if natural killer (NK) cells are important for early control of the virulent strain Brucella abortus 2308 following infection of mice with high or low challenge doses. Splenocytes from C57BL/10 and BALB/c mice that had been infected with the lower dose of B. abortus displayed increa
Shibata K; Sasaki T; Watanabe T; Department of Oral Bacteriology, Hokkaido University School of; Dentistry, Sapporo, Japan.
Phosphatidylinositol- and phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing activities existed in the cell lysates of AIDS-associated Mycoplasma species, including Mycoplasma fermentans IID 812, M. fermentans incognitus, and M. penetrans GTU-54-6A1. These activities were found to be attributable to phospholipases C, because the water-s
Bassett MT; Chokunonga E; Mauchaza B; Levy L; Ferlay J; Parkin DM; Zimbabwe Cancer Registry, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Avondale,; Harare.
The data presented from the population-based cancer registry in Harare, Zimbabwe , represent the first information on the incidence of cancer in Southern Africa for almost 20 years. In the African population in Zimbabwe there are several features in common with other countries in
Int J Addict. 1995 May;30(7):823-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023598
Concha M; Selnes OA; McArthur JC; Nance-Sproson T; Updike ML; Royal W 3rd; Solomon L; Vlahov D; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Coral Gables,; Florida, USA.
Recent epidemiologic studies of the cognitive performance of injecting drug users have demonstrated the need to establish appropriate test norms for this population. This report provides normative data from a group of 150 injecting drug users on a battery of standardized tests of cognitive performance stratified by ag
Int J Addict. 1995 May;30(7):889-99. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023603
Morrison CS; McCusker J; Stoddard AM; Bigelow C; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709,; USA.
The validity of drug and sexual behavior data collected by drug user treatment staff using a short clinical risk assessment among 387 injection drug users is evaluated using in-depth, confidential interview process. Moderate to high agreement levels were found for most, but not all, variables. Participants consistentl
Int J Addict. 1995 Jun;30(8):1043-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053812
Kelly K; Department of Marketing, College of Business, Colorado State; University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
By borrowing from the field of social marketing, the examination and execution of drug prevention strategies should be more rigorous and disciplined by the year 2000. This article briefly describes marketing strategies and techniques which can assist in the maximization of drug prevention communications and programs.
Int J Addict. 1995 Jun;30(8):991-1007. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053809
Bammer G; Stevens A; Dance P; Ostini R; Crawford DA; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health,; Australian National University, Canberra ACT.
The general public, police, service providers, and users/ex-users were asked their views about options for trial design and trial outcomes with regard to a proposal for experimental controlled heroin availability. There was substantial agreement between the samples on issues concerning trial design. In general, the sa
Considerable speculation and a recent publication has suggested that much of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in the subset of the UK population represented by women having babies in Metropolitan London is substantially imported from Africa. Other data are supportive of this hypothesis. Ades et al. (
Castilla Catalan J; Tello Anchuela O; Sanchez Diaz MF; Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,; Madrid.
Based on cases reported to the National AIDS Register by end June 1994, we analysed changes in the epidemiological pattern of AIDS in Spain for the periods 1981-1989 and 1990-1992. Cases diagnosed in 1981-1989 were mainly males (83.1%), subjects under 30 years of age (55.9%), and in
Szeremeta W; Dohar JE; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Dapsone is used to treat several systemic inflammatory diseases, many of which have head and neck manifestations, such as leprosy, systemic lupus erythematosus, rhinosporidiosis, relapsing polychondritis, dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. It has also been recently used prophylactical
Int J Psychophysiol. 1995 Apr;19(3):287-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96057785
Mills PJ; Haeri SL; Dimsdale JE; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La; Jolla 92103-0804, USA.
This study examined the temporal stability of enumerative immune responses to acute psychosocial stress. Lymphocyte subsets were measured in 24 healthy male subjects at rest and following a speaking stressor on two occasions approximately six weeks apart. The speaking task caused significant increases in T-suppressor/
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1995 Oct 15;207(8):1044-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96014041
Lirtzman RA; Gregory CR; Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California,; Davis 95616-8747, USA.
To assess long-term hematologic and renal effects associated with a solitary kidney, 16 healthy cats undergoing uninephrectomy for kidney donation between May 1987 and January 1991 were evaluated by use of physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, and urine protein:creatinine ratio. Results of
Yoshinaga M; Yashiki S; Oki T; Fujiyoshi T; Nagata Y; Sonoda S; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine,; Kagoshima University.
We examined the relationship between productivity of HTLV-I antigen-positive cells in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and breast milk mononuclear cells (BMMC) and the incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-I. Among 61 cases of HTLV-I carrier mothers, 17 cases were revealed to produce larg
Rodriguez-Tudela JL; Martinez-Suarez JV; Dronda F; Laguna F; Chaves F; Valencia E; Unidad de Micologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid,; Spain.
The in-vitro susceptibilities of 40 clinical isolates of Candida albicans to ketoconazole and fluconazole were determined and an attempt was made to correlate these data with the clinical responses of the patients from whom the strains were originally isolated to treatment with these agents. Of 40 patients with the ac
Glutamine increased the proliferative response and the lymphokine-activated killer cell activity of blood mononuclear cells isolated from normal healthy subjects (n = 6) in a dose-dependent manner, with optimum at 0.3-1.0 mM. The relative fraction of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD16+, and CD19+ cells was not changed by g
Albert FG; Bronson EC; Fitzgerald DJ; Anderson JN; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West; Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
A computer program for predicting DNA bending from nucleotide sequence was used to identify circular structures in retroviral and cellular genomes. An 830-base pair circular structure was located in a control region near the center of the genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I). This unusual structur
Ueno T; Shirasaka T; Mitsuya H; Experimental Retrovirology Section, NCI, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
A set of five mutations (A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y, and Q151M) in the polymerase domain of reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which confers on the virus a reduced sensitivity to multiple therapeutic dideoxynucleosides (ddNs), has been identified. In this study, we defined the bioc
Oude Essink BB; Das AT; Berkhout B; Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Reverse transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome is primed by the cellular tRNA Lys3 molecule. Packaging of this tRNA primer during virion assembly is thought to be mediated by specific interactions with the reverse transcriptase (RT) protein. Portions of the tRNA molecule that are r
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1995;121(9-10):521-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96034003
Yoshida M; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of; Tokyo, Japan.
Infection of a human retrovirus HTLV-1 induces adult T cell leukemia and a neurological disease, HAM/TSP. Regulatory protein Tax of HTLV-1 is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis. We have studied the mechanism of transcriptional activation induced by Tax protein and identified two independent mechanisms: (a) bind
Smith JL; Allen SJ; Cherrington JM; Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
An in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed as a rapid alternative to the focal infectivity assay (FIA) for screening potential anti-retroviral molecules. The assay utilizes 96-well microtiter plates to allow for determination of antiviral effect and cytotoxicity of multiple compounds simultaneo
Monroe JG; Silberstein LE; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of; Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Non-Hodgkin s (1ii)lymphoma is an AIDS-defining event in a significant percent of U.S. patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Advances in anti-retroviral treatment and management of opportunistic infection have been accompanied by an increase in the incidence of these lymphomas. In the immunoco
Romagnani S; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of; Florence, Italy.
Evidence is accumulating to suggest the existence of polarized human T-cell responses, reminiscent of TH1 and TH2 subsets described for mouse T cells. Human TH1 cells preferentially develop during infections by intracellular bacteria and trigger phagocyte-mediated host defense, whereas TH2 cells, which predominate dur
Bell MC; Edwards RP; Partridge EE; Kuykendall K; Conner W; Gore H; Turbat-Herrara E; Crowley-Nowick PA; Department of OB/GYN, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35233,; USA.
ToliicIV distinguish normal cervical lymphocyte populations from phenotypes recruited to the cervix in response to cervical neoplasia, lymphocytes were isolated from normal and neoplastic cervix. A portion of the cervical transformation zone was obtained from 19 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical intraepi
Schutzbank TE; Smith J; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA.
We have developed a rapid, pseudohomogeneous assay for the detection of PCR amplicons, based on the use of electrochemiluminescence generated from a Tris-bipyridine ruthenium(II) label. PCR amplification of highly conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag gene sequences was performed with SK38 and SK39
Klebanoff SJ; Kazazi F; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195,; USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is rapidly inactivated by exposure to a naturally occurring antimicrobial system consisting of peroxidase, H2O2, and a halide. Among the potential sources of H2O2 is the amine oxidase system in which mono-, di-, and polyamines are oxidatively deaminated with the formation of
Clarridge JE 3rd; Raich TJ; Pirwani D; Simon B; Tsai L; Rodriguez-Barradas MC; Regnery R; Zollo A; Jones DC; Rambo C; Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston,; Texas, USA.
We wished to develop a cost-effective, rapid strategy to detect and identify Bartonella species in the clinical laboratory and to determine the prevalence of Bartonella infection in the Houston veteran population. Bartonella colonies were identified by colony morphology, Gram stain, RapID ANA, repetitive extragenic pa
Secchiero P; Zella D; Crowley RW; Gallo RC; Lusso P; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.
A quantitative PCR assay for the detection of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) (variants A and B) and HHV-7 DNAs in clinical samples was developed. The assay uses a nonhomologous internal standard (IS) for each virus that is coamplified with the wild-type target sequence in the same vial and with the same pair of primers.
Sundar KS; Kamaraju LS; Dingfelder J; McMahon J; Gollapudi S; Wilson WH; Kong LY; Hong JS; Weiss JM; Lee JE; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,; NC 27710, USA.
The effect of an endogenous opiate, beta-endorphin, on the replication of HIV was investigated in brain perivascular microglia. Beta-endorphin enhanced the synthesis of p-24 antigen and transactivation of HIV promoter. Dialysed culture supernatants of endorphin-treated microglia re-activated latent HIV infection. Thes
AIMS--To investigate the value of bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection. METHODS--The culture results of 433 bone marrow samples taken between 1983 and 1992 were reviewed. The histopathology reports on bone marrow trephine specimens of culture positive samples and all those on HIV positive pat
Corcoran GD; Tovey DG; Moody AH; Chiodini PL; Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical; Diseases, London.
AIMS--To detect enteric microsporidia in faecal specimens from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and to identify the spores to species level without using invasive procedures. METHODS--Formalised faecal preparations were examined using a modification of the strong trichrome staining method t
Slavik T; Wolfaardt M; van Zyl H; Simson IW; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,; University of Pretoria, South Africa.
AIM--To develop a simple but reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to determine the HIV-1 status of patients on formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded lymph node tissue. METHODS--Fifty lymph node specimens, 20 from HIV-1 seropositive and 30 from HIV-1 seronegative patients, were analysed. Lymph nodes with a v
Smith GL; Cross DL; Wray D; Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, University of; Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases in HIV seropositive and assumed HIV seronegative individuals in the Edinburgh area. 29 HIV seropositive subjects were examined at baseline and at 3-monthly intervals. Attachment loss and dichotomous indicators of periodontal
Cross DL; Smith GL; Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, University of; Edinburgh, Infirmary Street, Scotland, UK.
The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of suspected periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque from 29 HIV seropositive and 27 control subjects and to determine the association of these bacteria with periodontal destruction. Subgingival plaque was collected from the mesiobuccal sites of all teeth, exce
Buckley JA; Padhani AR; Kuhlman JE; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological; Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to identify the CT features of pulmonary nocardiosis, specifically in AIDS patients versus other immunocompromised hosts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with pulmonary nocardiosis were identified; medical records, CT scans, and chest radiographs were reviewed. Five patients had HIV
Gooch BF; Cardo DM; Marcus R; McKibben PS; Cleveland JL; Srivastava PU; Culver DH; Bell DM; Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta 30333, USA.
The authors found that 19 percutaneous exposures among dental workers occurred both during and after use of instruments such as syringe needles and scalers. Specific information about the device and action associated with an exposure is important for prevention efforts, including safer instruments and work practices.
Oliva A; Quinti I; Scala E; Fanales-Belasio E; Rainaldi L; Pierdominici M; Giovannetti A; Paganelli R; Aiuti F; Pandolfi F; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, La Sapienza,; University of Rome, Italy.
The immunologic defect in X-linked immunodeficiency and hyperimmunoglobulinemia M (HIM) are related to defective expression of the CD40 ligand (CD40L). We have studied two female patients with HIM to evaluate the role of CD40/CD40L in the pathogenesis of impaired immunoglobulin switching. In addition to recurrent infe
Virtanen T; Maggi E; Manetti R; Piccinni MP; Sampognaro S; Parronchi P; De Carli M; Zuccati G; Romognani S; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Kuopio,; Finland.
More than 500 CD4+ T-cell clones (TCCs) derived from the skin of eight patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), two patients with nonatopic dermatologic disorders, two patients with allergic rhinitis, and one healthy nonatopic donor were analyzed for both their pattern of cytokine production and their antigen specificity
Frau E; Gregoire-Cassoux N; Hannouche D; Lautier-Frau M; Vittecoq D; Offret H; Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU de Bicetre.
BACKGROUND: Iridocyclitis has been identified as a dosage-dependent side effect in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated for Mycobacterium avium complex infections with systemic Rifabutin. We reviewed cases of acute hypopyon uveitis occurring in patients with AIDS to establish whether th
Franzen C; Salzberger B; Fatkenheuer G; Ziegenhagen D; Cornely O; Diehl V; Schrappe M; Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne,; Germany.
Gastrointestinal and biliary abnormalities are common in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Although obviously related to opportunistic infections in many cases, often no infectious agent can be identified. The specific diagnosis depends on invasive methods such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and liver
Mosavi AJ; Hussain MF; DuPont HL; Mathewson JJ; White AC Jr; Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of; Public Health/School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine,; Houston, USA.
To determine the prevalence of diarrhea and weight loss among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, we reviewed the records of all patients attending the Harris County HIV Clinic during a 4-month time period. Diarrhea was considered persistent if it had been present for > 14 days or on two or more cons
Jeffries DJ; Department of Virology, Medical College of St Bartholomew's; Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK.
Much attention has been directed towards nosocomial transmission of viruses as a result of clear evidence of patient-to-staff and staff-to-patient transmission of the blood-borne viruses HIV and hepatitis B virus. Although the relatively long incubation periods of these viruses, together with the frequency of asymptom
Schaffner W; Mishu-Allos B; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232,; USA.
The vast majority of surgeons and dentists infected with either hepatitis B or HIV do not transmit these infections to patients. When such transmission from health care provider to patients does occur, the precise mechanism of transmission usually remains enigmatic. Attempts to forestall these rare events have produce
Newell ML; Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, London,; UK.
HIV can be transmitted from mother to child before, during, or after birth, but the relative contribution of each route remains unclear. Indirect evidence suggests that a substantial proportion of transmission occurs late in pregnancy or around the time of delivery. In Europe, the rate of vertical transmission is arou
Chanock SJ; Pizzo PA; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Infectious complications represent significant challenges for children with cancer and those infected with HIV. Although both have similarities in the disease- and treatment-related alterations in host defences, there are significant differences that can have an impact on the approach to treatment and prevention of th
McGowan JE Jr; Blumberg HM; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University; School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Tuberculosis (TB) has become more common during the past five years in several areas of the USA. Occurrence has been facilitated by the increasing number of patients with concurrent HIV infection, by cases due to multiple-drug-resistant strains, by incomplete TB therapy among homeless and non-compliant patients, and b
Cohn DL; Denver Disease Control Service, Denver Department of Health and; Hospitals, Colorado, USA.
Recent outbreaks of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in patients with AIDS. The poor outcomes are attributable to delayed diagnoses, slow reporting of antimycobacterial susceptibility results, inadequate treatment regimens and profound immunosuppression. T
Pfaller MA; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine,; Iowa City 52242, USA.
The increase in infections due to Candida over the past decade is significant. This is particularly true for hospitalized patients where the rate of blood-stream infection due to Candida spp. has increased by almost 500% over the decade of the 1980s. This increase is accompanied by a significant excess mortality and a
Sattar SA; Best M; Springthorpe VS; Sanani G; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Tuberculosis, a major killer in developing countries, is on the rise again in industrialized nations. AIDS, increased use of immunosuppression and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have further enhanced its significance. TB is projected to cause 3.5 million deaths per year by
van Bueren J; Laboratory of Hospital Infection, Central Public Health; Laboratory, London, UK.
Due to the variation in protocols from studies by different workers for the inactivation of HIV by chemical disinfectants, only limited comparisons of the results can be made. These variations include those which apply to disinfectant testing in general, such as the level of organic load and the form of neutralization
McGowan JE Jr; Metchock BG; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University; School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Pneumococci highly resistant to penicillin G [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > or = 2 mg L-1] have become prevalent in many parts of the world since their emergence and spread in the late 1970s. In the USA, such organisms are seen primarily in two populations: infants and children, and adults with AIDS. Survey
Strachan CJ; Department of Surgery, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton,; UK.
The infection rate for any surgical prosthesis insertion should be less than 1% in the first postoperative year. If infection occurs the patients will lose their new found mobility, lose their independence, be hospitalized with sepsis, both local and systemic, and perhaps die. Preoperative and intraoperative measures
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 1;155(7):3322-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96015975
Brinkmann V; Kristofic C; Department of Asthma/Allergy Research, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel,; Switzerland.
Corticosteroids (CS) are widely used as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. In this study we analyzed the effects of CS on the growth and differentiation of human CD4+45RO- naive and CD4+45RO+ memory T cells. To generate effector T cells secreting large
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 1;155(7):3443-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96015989
Walker PR; Ohteki T; Lopez JA; MacDonald HR; Maryanski JL; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges,; Switzerland.
We have previously described a unique system for identifying Ag-selected CD8 T cells during an in vivo response in normal mice. In this system, lymphocytes isolated from DBA/2 mice injected i.p. with HLA-CW3 transfected syngeneic (H-2d) P815 cells show a remarkable expansion of CD8 cells that utilize TCR expressing th
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 1;155(7):3464-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96015991
Zhang L; Fung-Leung W; Miller RG; Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Previously we have shown that intravenous injection of male B6 lymphocytes containing CD8+ cells into B6 female anti-HY TCR transgenic mice results at 6 wk in the disappearance of the majority of male Ag-reactive T cells (TghighCD8+) from the periphery. Here we investigate the process in more detail. B6 female anti-HY
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 1;155(7):3494-500. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96015994
Aoki Y; Hiromatsu K; Arai T; Usami J; Makino M; Ishida H; Yoshikai Y; Laboratory of Host Defense, Nagoya University School of Medicine,; Japan.
The retrovirus-induced murine AIDS (MAIDS) shares many features with human AIDS. Here, we examined the susceptibility of mice with MAIDS to staphylococcal enterotoxin-triggered shock. Following sensitization with D-galactosamine (D-Gal), mice with MAIDS were resistant to the otherwise lethal effect of superantigen sta
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 1;155(7):3585-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96016007
Ohgimoto S; Tabata N; Suga S; Nishio M; Ohta H; Tsurudome M; Komada H; Kawano M; Watanabe N; Ito Y; Department of Microbiology, Mie University School of Medicine,; Japan.
Fusion regulatory protein (FRP)-1 regulates virus-mediated cell fusion and fusion of monocytes. Eleven of fifteen N-terminal amino acids of FRP-1 were the same as the amino acid sequence of 4F2/CD98 heavy chain. FRP-1 molecules were detected in Con A- or IL-2-stimulated lymphocytes, while FRP-1 was rare on resting lym
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 1;155(7):3638-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96016013
Cavacini LA; Emes CL; Power J; Desharnais FD; Duval M; Montefiori D; Posner MR; Department of Medicine, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston,; MA 02215, USA.
F105, a neutralizing IgG1 kappa human mAb, is reactive with a discontinuous epitope within the gp120 CD4 binding site. Because isotype usage may affect Ab function, we examined the effect of isotype on Ag/Ab interactions and HIV-1 neutralization. An IgG3 kappa Ab was prepared by linking the variable regions of F105 to
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):3719-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003407
Tripp RA; Lahti JM; Doherty PC; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,; Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Virus-specific CD8+ CTL precursor (CTLp) frequencies are a function of rates of clonal expansion and loss, both of which are difficult to assess in vivo. Proliferating T cells incorporate the nucleoside analogue 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine (BrdU), making them sensitive to light-induced apoptotic cell death (suicide). Mice
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):3727-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003409
Bachmann MF; Oxenius A; Mak TW; Zinkernagel RM; Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
The CD4 and CD8 molecules are involved in T cell differentiation and activation. Nevertheless, efficient thymic maturation of helper T cells has been shown in the absence of the CD4 molecule. These CD4-deficient helper T cells expressed alpha beta-TCR and were able to control Leishmania infections and to mediate Ab cl
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):3742-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003411
Davenport C; Kumar V; Bennett M; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical; Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
Acute rejection of transplanted bone marrow cell (BMC) grafts can occur within 48 h in unsensitized, lethally irradiated mice, and NK cells have been implicated as the effector cells. Recently, we observed that both CD8+ TCR-alpha beta+ T and NK cells of irradiated mice could rapidly reject allogeneic lymph node cell
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):3788-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003416
Hoehn P; Goedert S; Germann T; Koelsch S; Jin S; Palm N; Ruede E; Schmitt E; Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz,; Germany.
The development of naive dense CD4+ T cells from different mouse strains toward Th1 cells, as monitored by measuring secondary IFN-gamma production, was affected by TGF-beta 2 in a differential way. Th1 cell development of naive CD4+ T cells from strains C57Bl/6, BALB/c, and NMRI primed by immobilized anti-CD3 mAb was
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):3806-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003419
Kydd R; Lundberg K; Vremec D; Harris AW; Shortman K; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne,; Victoria, Australia.
Minor thymus subpopulations representing possible intermediates in thymic positive selection were isolated by cell sorting from bcl-2 transgenic mice, and cultured 1 to 4 days in simple medium to assess their ability to spontaneously develop the surface phenotype of mature T cells. Recovery of cells was in the 60 to 8
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):3815-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003420
Lahesmaa R; Allsup A; Soderberg C; Jackman J; Findell P; Peltz G; Department of Leukocyte Biology, Syntex Research, Palo Alto, CA; 94303, USA.
A panel of human CD4+ T cell clones was utilized to dissect and analyze the biochemical consequences of activation of CD3 or CD28. To molecularly characterize receptor-activated proximal signaling events, tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins co-precipitating with a Grb2 fusion protein after receptor activation were analyz
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):3979-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003439
McKisic MD; Paturzo FX; Gaertner DJ; Jacoby RO; Smith AL; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New; Haven, CT 06520-8016, USA.
Inoculation of the UMass strain of rat virus (RV-UMass) into adult immunocompetent rats results in a prolonged subclinical infection that is resolved in 4 to 8 wk. Co-labeling studies, using in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), confirmed that RV-UMass was lymphocytotropic and capable of infectin
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):4052-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003449
Cua DJ; Hinton DR; Stohlman SA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University; of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033,; USA.
Immunization of a limited number of rodent strains with central nervous system-derived Ags induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast to susceptible female SJL mice, age-matched males are resistant to actively induced EAE. The ability of immunization with neuroAg to induce Ag-specific T cell ac
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):4060-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003450
Hyjek E; Lischner HW; Hyslop T; Bartkowiak J; Kubin M; Trinchieri G; Kozbor D; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson; University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Patterns of cytokine expression were analyzed in polyclonal and antigenic responses in children with perinatal HIV infection. Responses of PBL to PMA and A23187 calcium ionophore studied in patients in different stages of HIV infection revealed reduced levels of IL-2 i
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):4100-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003456
VanCott TC; Bethke FR; Burke DS; Redfield RR; Birx DL; Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Rockville, MD, USA.
We examined the humoral immune response in both HIV-1 infected and uninfected volunteers immunized with candidate HIV-1 recombinant envelope subunit vaccines ( Genentech gp120IIIB, MicroGeneSys gp160IIIB, or ImmunoAG gp160IIIB). Immunization of both HIV-1 infected and uninfected volun
J Immunol. 1995 Oct 15;155(8):4111-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003457
Weissman D; Li Y; Orenstein JM; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Dendritic cells (DC) are the principle APC involved in primary immune responses; their major function is to obtain Ag in tissues, migrate to lymphoid organs, and activate T cells. DC are also the first immune cells to arrive at sites of inflammation on mucous membranes, the major site of sexual transmission of HIV. We
Horn CA; Washburn RG; Department of Internal Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine,; Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
Anticryptococcal activity of highly purified NK cells from patients with either early asymptomatic or late-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection proved to be markedly impaired; activity was reproducibly restored to normal levels by in vitro addition of exogenous interleukin-12 (IL-12). For these highly pu
Padian NS; Abrams J; Skurnick JH; Van Devanter NL; O'Brien TR; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences,; University of California, San Francisco 94110, USA.
Risk factors for postcoital bleeding were examined in 475 women who were enrolled in a study of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In bivariate analyses, history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs; P = .03), HIV infection (P = .008), and dyspareunia or pain during intercourse (P = .00
Fox JD; Brink NS; Zuckerman MA; Neild P; Gazzard BG; Tedder RS; Miller RF; Department of Medical Microbiology, University College London; Medical School and Hospitals, United Kingdom.
A nested polymerase chain reaction-based method was used prospectively to detect herpesvirus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 111 patients with AIDS, 39 of whom had a suspected diagnosis of cytomegalovirus ( CMV )-associat
Brown AE; Vahey MT; Zhou SY; Chung RC; Ruiz NM; Hofheinz D; Lane JR; Mayers DL; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Henry M. Jackson; Foundation for the Advancement of Military Research, Rockville,; MD 20850, USA.
To better understand the biologic meaning and potential clinical utility of p24 antigen measurements in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, p24 antigen and antibody and HIV RNA were quantitated in parallel. Specimens (n = 311) were analyzed from 74 participants in a zidovudine treatment study. Parallel antig
Saarloos MN; Koenig RE; Spear GT; Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush Medical Center,; Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Plasma levels of complement (C) fragments iC3b, C4d, and Bb from human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-positive subjects with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) were analyzed by EIA. Both iC3b and C4d levels were significantly elevated in persons with HAM/TSP. These levels were similar
Hirata M; Ikematsu H; Nakashima K; Hayashi J; Kashiwagi S; Department of General Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital,; Fukuoka, Japan.
cDNA of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) pX gene mRNA expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of asymptomatic carriers was sequenced. One cDNA clone contained a novel splicing acceptor site, indicating an unidentified form of pX mRNA: pX delta 17 delta 37. All 21 asymptomatic carriers expressed some level
Mansfield KG; Pauley D; Young HL; Lackner AA; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical; School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772-9012, USA.
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques is a frequent opportunistic infection that shares many features with the condition in human AIDS patients. A retrospective analysis of necropsies on 135 macaques with SIV-induced simian AIDS that received neither antiretroviral
Arevalo JF; Gonzalez C; Capparelli EV; Kirsch LS; Garcia RF; Quiceno JI; Connor JD; Gambertoglio J; Bergeron-Lynn G; Freeman WR; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego; 92093, USA.
This study evaluated intravitreous and plasma ganciclovir and foscarnet concentrations after intravenous administration in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis and retinal detachment. Undiluted vitreous samples
Kestens L; Vingerhoets J; Peeters M; Vanham G; Vereecken C; Penne G; Niphuis H; van Eerd P; van der Groen G; Gigase P; et al; Laboratory of Pathology-Immunology, Institute of Tropical; Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
The cellular immunologic and virologic status of a chimpanzee, naturally infected with a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-like lentivirus (SIVcpz-ant), was compared longitudinally with those of 3 HIV-1-infected and 5 uninfected chimpanzees for a period of 49 months. Evidence of immune deficiency was not obs
Toso JF; Chen CH; Mohr JR; Piglia L; Oei C; Ferrari G; Greenberg ML; Weinhold KJ; Department of Pathology, Duke Center for AIDS Research, Duke; University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710-2996,; USA.
CD8 lymphocytes from asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected patients can suppress virus production from infected CD4 cells. Suppressive activity is separate and distinct from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) reactivities and is likely mediated by a soluble factor(s). The majority of HIV-1 suppress
Hesselton RM; Greiner DL; Mordes JP; Rajan TV; Sullivan JL; Shultz LD; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical; School, Worcester, USA.
Inbred C.B-17-scid/scid mice accept human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) xenografts and are susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but low levels of PBMC engraftment impede use of this system in HIV research. This report describes the effect of host strain background on human P
Jordens JZ; Paul J; Bates J; Beaumont C; Kimari J; Gilks C; Public Health Laboratory, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington,; Oxford, United Kingdom.
Thirty-two isolates of clinically significant Streptococcus pneumoniae from 11 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients with single or multiple episodes of pneumonia were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing, serotyping, ribotyping, and repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain r
Mitchell TE; Courteney-Harris RG; Innes AJ; Department of Otolaryngology, Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, UK.
A questionnaire was sent to all Full Members of the British Association of Otolaryngologists to ascertain whether and what type of eye protection surgeons and theatre nurses wear during mastoid surgery. Despite Department of Health recommendations only 58 per cent of surgeons and 19 per cent of theatre nurses routinel
Kieserman SP; Finn DG; New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, St Vincent's Hospital and Medical; Center, New York Medical College, USA.
This is a case report of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma of the external auditory canal, and infratemporal fossa, which presented with multiple cranial nerve palsies. The diagnosis was achieved via biopsy of tissue from the external auditory canal, and treatment with radiation therapy led t
Zhao Y; Gebhard D; English R; Sellon R; Tompkins M; Tompkins W; Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College; of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; 27695-8401, USA.
As a model for lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) function in HIV infection, we studied LAK cells in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), which causes an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in concanavalin A and interleukin-2 developed LAK cytotoxicity agai
Punpoowong B; Pitisuttithum P; Chindanond D; Phiboonnakit D; Leelasuphasri S; Department of Tropical Pathology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases,; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok,; Thailand.
Microsporiodosis caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi is one of the opportunistic infections in HIV positive patients with chronic diarrhea. The organism is difficult to diagnose because of its small size, previously the diagnosis of this infection relied on identification of the organism under electron microscope. Until
Danchaivijitr S; Kachintorn K; Sangkard K; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital,; Mahidol University, Bangok, Thailand.
A study on needlesticks and cuts with sharp objects was done by a set of questionnaires in Siriraj Hospital in March 1992. The response rate of 3,600 sets of questionnaires was 80.8%. The recalled incidence rate of injuries in the previous 6 months was 51.5%. Needlesticks were the commonest accident followed by cuts b
Danchaivijitr S; Tantiwatanapaiboon Y; Chokloikaew S; Tangtrakool T; Suttisanon L; Chitreechuer L; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital,; Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
A study on the knowledge, compliance and attitudes of doctors and nurses on universal precautions (U.P.) was done by questionnaire in April 1993. Four hundred and sixty-nine doctors and 4,554 nurses from 35 hospitals throughout Thailand responded. Almost all doctors and nurses un
Picheansathian W; Department of Paediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai; University, Thailand.
Compliance with universal precautions (UP) by emergency room nurses in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital was studied between August 1, 1992 and November 30, 1992. Data were gathered from observation, questionnaires, and focus group discussion. During a period of 3 months, 23 registered nurses and 17 practical nurses
Seder RA; Grabstein KH; Berzofsky JA; McDyer JF; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Cytokines have been shown to be powerful regulators of the immune response. In this study, we analyze the effect that the newly recognized cytokine interleukin (IL)-15 has on proliferation and cytokine induction using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and purified CD4+ T cells from patients infected with huma
Li Y; Yio XY; Mayer L; Division of Clinical Immunology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New; York 10029, USA.
The activation of CD8+ suppressor T cells by normal intestinal epithelial cells in antigen-specific or allogeneic mixed cell culture systems has significant implications for the regulation of mucosal immune responses. In this study, we found that the capacity of epithelial cells to induce CD8+ suppressor T cell activa
Epstein MM; Di Rosa F; Jankovic D; Sher A; Matzinger P; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National; Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
B cells are an abundant population of lymphocytes that can efficiently capture, process, and present antigen for recognition by activated or memory T cells. Controversial experiments and arguments exist, however, as to whether B cells are or should be involved in the priming of virgin T cells in vivo. Using B cell-def
Pearlman E; Lass JH; Bardenstein DS; Kopf M; Hazlett FE Jr; Diaconu E; Kazura JW; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University,; Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Inflammation of the corneal stroma (stromal keratitis) is a serious complication of infection with the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus. Because stromal keratitis is believed to be immunologically mediated in humans, we used a murine model to examine the role of T cells and T helper cell cytokines in the immunopa
Koka P; He K; Zack JA; Kitchen S; Peacock W; Fried I; Tran T; Yashar SS; Merrill JE; Department of Neurology, University of California, School of; Medicine, Los Angeles 90024, USA.
Although microglia are the only cells found to be productively infected in the central nervous system of acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS) patients, there is extensive white and gray matter disease nonetheless. This neuropathogenesis is believed to be due to indirect mechanisms other than infection wit
Ernst B; Surh CD; Sprent J; Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,; California 92037, USA.
Cell division during thymic selection was studied with a system in which purified populations of T cell antigen receptor (TCR)- CD4+8+ (double-positive [DP]) cells and fetal thymic epithelial cells (TEC) were reaggregated in tissue culture. In this system, immature DP cells differentiate into mature single-positive (S
Luukkonen BG; Tan W; Fenyo EM; Schwartz S; Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute,; Stockholm, Sweden.
We have used the vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase-based expression system for studies on the activity of proteases from various retroviruses on homologous and heterologous Gag polyproteins in eukaryotic cells. Proteases from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2, equine infectious anaemia virus, human T cel
Kuwata T; Igarashi T; Ido E; Jin M; Mizuno A; Chen J; Hayami M; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
We constructed a series of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)/simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac (SIVmac) chimeric viruses having vpr and/or nef genes of either HIV-1 or SIVmac based on a chimeric virus with LTRs, gag, pol, vif and vpx derived from SIVmac and tar, rev, vpu and env from HIV-1. All of the chim
Tomonaga K; Inoshima Y; Ikeda Y; Mikami T; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
We have investigated the in vivo state of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of chronically FIV-infected, asymptomatic cats. FIV was detected in a high percentage of PBMC but not in the plasma of these cats. By quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)
Kohanawa M; Asano M; Min Y; Minagawa T; Nakane A; Department of Microbiology, Hokkaido University School of; Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Intravenous infection by Theiler s murine encephalomyelitis virus strain GD VII causes acute encephalomyelitis and paralysis in infected mice. However, nude mice and cyclophosphamide-treated ddY mice did not show paralysis when they were able to survive until day 20 post-infection (p.i.). Of ddY mice infected with 5 x
Yasukawa M; Inoue Y; Sada E; Yakushijin Y; Furukawa M; Fujita S; First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of; Medicine, Japan.
Recently, data demonstrating that CD4 is an essential component of the receptor for human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) as well as for human immunodeficiency virus have been accumulating. Since gangliosides and phorbol esters are known to induce selective down-modulation of cell surface CD4 expression, it might be expected th
J Med Virol. 1995 Jul;46(3):189-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96028706
Adams V; Kempf W; Hassam S; Briner J; Schmid M; Moos R; Pfaltz M; Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Epidemiological studies indicate that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) may be caused by an infectious, preferentially sexually transmitted agent. Infections with human papilloma viruses are common, sexually transmitted diseases occurring frequently in homosexual men, who are a
J Med Virol. 1995 Jul;46(3):238-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/Z31374
Gurusinghe AD; Land SA; Birch C; McGavin C; Hooker DJ; Tachedjian G; Doherty R; Deacon NJ; AIDS Molecular Biology Laboratory, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for; Medical Research, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.
Sequential human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates were obtained over a 29-month period from a person before, during, and after AZT therapy. DNA sequence analysis of polymerase chain-amplified reverse-transcriptase gene showed a gradual a
J Med Virol. 1995 Jul;46(3):269-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96028720
Pawlotsky JM; Belec L; Gresenguet G; Deforges L; Bouvier M; Duval J; Dhumeaux D; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Hopital Henri Mondor,; Universite Paris XII, Creteil, France.
The Central African Republic is located in tropical Africa, where both the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are highly endemic. The exact prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) markers in this country is unkno
Pengsuparp T; Cai L; Constant H; Fong HH; Lin LZ; Kinghorn AD; Pezzuto JM; Cordell GA; Ingolfsdottir K; Wagner H; et al; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of; Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA.
Swertifrancheside [1], a new flavonone-xanthone glucoside isolated from Swertia franchetiana, 1 beta-hydroxyaleuritolic acid 3-p-hydroxybenzoate [2], a triterpene isolated from the roots of Maprounea africana, and protolichesterinic acid [3], an aliphatic alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone isolated from the lichen Cetraria
Beutler JA; Kashman Y; Tischler M; Cardellina JH 2nd; Gray GN; Currens MJ; Wall ME; Wani MC; Boyd MR; Laboratory of Drug Discovery Research and Development, National; Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
Anti-HIV activity and the inhibition of phorbol ester receptor binding activity in two species of Maprounea were traced to small amounts of highly potent phorbol esters of the daphnane type. The triterpenes previously isolated from this genus were found to be devoid of biological activity when scrupulously purified. F
Kawano Y; Kira J; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University; 60, Fukuoka, Japan.
Two patients presenting with recurrent multiple cranial neuropathy showed diffuse thickening and gadolinium enhancement of the dura mater on brain MRI. Both had anti-HTLV-I antibodies in serum. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction study of the peripheral blood disclosed that the HTLV-I proviral DNA loads increased
Connolly S; Manji H; McAllister RH; Griffin GB; Loveday C; Kirkis C; Sweeney B; Sartawi O; Durrance P; Fell M; et al; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Massachusetts General; Hospital 02114, USA.
As part of the Medical Research Council prospective study of the neurological complications of HIV infection, neurophysiological tests of spinal cord and peripheral nerve function were recorded in a cohort of homosexual or bisexual men. The studies included motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, vibration percept
In some instances, peptides can play an important role in the discovery of lead compounds. This paper describes the peptide design facility of the de novo drug design package, PRO_LIGAND. The package provides a unified framework for the design of peptides that are similar or complementary to a specified target. The ap
A computer procedure TFIT, which uses a molecular superposition force field to flexibly match test compounds to a 3D pharmacophore, was evaluated to find out whether it could reliably predict the bioactive conformations of flexible ligands. The program superposition force field optimizes the overlap of those atoms of
Roe DC; Kuntz ID; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California,; San Francisco 94143-0446, USA.
Significant improvements have been made to the de novo drug design program BUILDER. The BUILDER strategy is to find molecule templates that bind tightly to hot spots in the target receptor, and then generate bridges to join these templates. In this paper, the bridging algorithm has been further developed to improve
J Community Health Nurs. 1995;12(3):147-59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96040802
Laschinger HK; Goldenberg D; Dal Bello D; University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Nursing, London,; Canada.
The purpose of this study was to examine community health nurses attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to care for patients who are HIV positive using the theory of reasoned action. One hundred and forty-five participants completed a questionnaire developed according to guidelines described by Ajzen and Fishbei
Munro CL; Department of Adult Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Virginia; Commonwealth University in Richmond, USA.
Microbiology and immunology have offered important advances in the care of women and newborns. Understanding of the interplay between individuals and the microorganisms associated with them has provided the framework for important changes in practice. An excellent historical example of this idea, well known to nurses,
Jackson MM; Rymer TE; Epidemiology Unit, UCSD Medical Center 92103-8951, USA.
Nurses are at occupational risk for many infections, but it was not until human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) was recognized that a work-acquired infection was uniformly fatal. Other work-acquired infections, including tuberculosis, rubella, measles, varicella, and the viral hepa
Schmidt B; Kearns G; Perrott D; Kaban LB; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of; California, San Francisco 94143-0440, USA.
PURPOSE: There are little data available on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and its relationship to postoperative infection in patients presenting with mandibular fractures. This retrospective study assesses these parameters. PATIENTS: The study population consisted of 251 patients treated
Wright CA; Haffajee Z; van Iddekinge B; Cooper K; Department of Anatomical Pathology School of Pathology, South; African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) endometritis in spontaneous abortions in HIV-positive women using non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH). Post-abortal endometrial curettings from 18 HIV-positive women were investigated for the presence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA w
Rosenbaum M; Institute for Scientific Analysis, San Francisco, California; 94123, USA.
The institution of methadone maintenance as a treatment modality for heroin addiction in the mid-1960s was part of the growing medicalization of social problems in the United States . The definition of deviance as sickness rather than badness set the stage for America s first harm-reduc
Rosenblum A; Magura S; Foote J; Palij M; Handelsman L; Lovejoy M; Stimmel B; National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, New; York 10013, USA.
This study examined the impact of treatment intensity on cocaine use. Seventy-seven cocaine-using methadone patients were enrolled in a six-month, structured, manual-driven, cognitive-behavioral treatment program. Sessions consisted of five individual and/or group sessions per week. At intake subjects showed extensive
Arlievsky NZ; Pollack H; Rigaud M; Kaul A; Krasinski K; Borkowsky W; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Medical Center, NY; 10016, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the amount of p24 antigenemia in the first 6 months of life is a predictor of survival in children infected vertically with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. METHODS: A retrospective study of vertically infected infants and children who were followed prospectively from early infancy
Just JJ; Abrams E; Louie LG; Urbano R; Wara D; Nicholas SW; Stein Z; King MC; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To study the role of host genotype in pediatric infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II and complement C4 genotypes were determined by means of molecular genetic techniques for 24
Hicks P; Bennett MJ; Squires J; Ramilo O; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern; Medical Center at Dallas 75235, USA.
A child with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection had rapidly progressive hepatic dysfunction, as had her older sibling who died. Urinary organic acid studies revealed 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria, and cultured skin fibroblasts had reduced activity of 3-hydroxy-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The in
de Asis ML; Bernstein LJ; Schliozberg J; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of; Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Four children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and aphthous oral ulcers with severe odynophagia were treated with a short oral course of prednisone. The lesions resolved completely with no adverse effects. We recommend considering a short course of prednisone for relief of symptoms in these patients.
The AIDS crisis has paralyzed the minds of many rational individuals. This paralysis of the mind unfortunately is the result of fear and ignorance. The past 10 years of the AIDS crisis has resulted in massive quantities of published reports regarding the biology, pathogenesis, transmission, clinical manifestations, an
Tomar SL; Swango PA; Kleinman DV; Burt BA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
The cross-sectional relationship between severe loss of periodontal attachment (LPA) and worsening immune status due to HIV infection was evaluated in 474 HIV-infected subjects (416 men, 58 women) aged 18 to 49 years who had been classified at stages 1 through 6 of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WR) Stagi
Tsai PK; Burke CJ; Irwin JW; Bruner MW; Tung JS; Hollis GF; Mark GE; Kessler JA 2nd; Boots LJ; Conley AJ; et al; Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Merck Research; Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
The oligomerization by chemical cross-linking of a recombinant human antiviral monoclonal antibody (MAb), r447-1, and its characterization are described. This MAb binds to an epitope residing in the hypervariable V3 region of the envelope protein (gp120/160) of HIV-1. A dimeric form of this MAb displays enhanced avidi
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1995 Aug;85(8):406-19. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96018470
Katine M
The status of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often has significant impact on a physician s willingness and ability to provide quality medical care. A physician may face substantial penalties for refusing to treat a patient with HIV. Even the referral of a patient with HIV to a specialist in the dise
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1995 Aug;85(8):420-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96018471
Tinkle JD
The number of patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has increased to the point that every podiatric physician in this country will be treating patients who are HIV positive, knowingly or not. Podiatric physicians continue to be part of the medical team that mus
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1995 Aug;85(8):428-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96018472
Cope R
The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the US has increased over the past decade. This increase has effected concern regarding the risks of HIV infection within the podiatric medical practice. Implementation of an effective infection control program for blood-borne pathogens within the podiat
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1995 Aug;85(8):434-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96018473
Elbein RC; NMC Homecare, Houston, TX, USA.
Nutrition is a fundamental intervention in the early and ongoing treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Nutrition therapy, in coordination with other medical interventions, can extend and improve the quality and quantity of life in individuals infected with HIV and living with acquired immune deficie
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1995 Aug;85(8):439-45. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96018474
Terleckyj B; Elsinger EC; Axler DA; Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
The authors address current issues regarding use of antiseptics and disinfectants with particular emphasis on the problems associated with claims made by manufacturers of various chemical agents. Other issues include the efficacy and limitations of commercial products, selecting the most appropriate formulation for pr
A light and electron microscopic investigation of pseudomembranous candidiasis in HIV infection was undertaken as there is little data available on the ultrastructural features of the invasive phase of Candida in this disease. On examination of biopsy specimens of four patients, histopathology revealed the classic fea
Olubuyide IO; Olawuyi F; Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan,; Nigeria.
An anonymous survey of 149 resident doctors was conducted to estimate the extent of accidental exposures to blood and body fluids of patients over a one-year period. There was a total of 1142 exposures. Ninety-three percent of respondents reported one or more exposure incident(s). Analysis of events and procedures lea
Joao HC; De Vreese K; Pauwels R; De Clercq E; Henson GW; Bridger GJ; Sandoz Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.
This work describes a study of quantitative structural activity relationships (QSAR) of bis-tetraazamacrocyclic compounds. These compounds represent a novel class of very potent and selective anti-HIV inhibitors, with a new mode of action. The QSAR study correlates structural features of the compounds with anti-HIV ac
Lefebvre I; Perigaud C; Pompon A; Aubertin AM; Girardet JL; Kirn A; Gosselin G; Imbach JL; Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, URA CNRS 488, Universite; Montpellier II, France.
The synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity, and decomposition pathways of several mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives of 3 -azido-2 ,3 -dideoxythymidine ( AZT ) incorporating a new kind of carboxylate esterase-labile transient phosphate-protecti
Franchetti P; Sheikha GA; Cappellacci L; Grifantini M; De Montis A; Piras G; Loi AG; La Colla P; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita di Camerino, Italy.
(R)- And (S)-8-aza-9(-)[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine [(R)-and (S)-8-aza-PMPG] were synthesized and tested in vitro for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. The synthesis of the above compounds and of (R)-9(-)[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]guanine [(R)-PMPG] was carried out through the alkylation of 8-a
Angliker H; Friedrich Miescher-Institut, Basel, Switzerland.
Furin is a subtilisin-like eukaryotic serine endoprotease which processes proproteins to biologically active proteins and peptides. Also, the envelope proteins of viruses, such as influenza and HIV viruses, need to be processed by furin for infectivity. This enzyme has a consensus substrate specificity for Arg-Xxx-Lys
Cristalli G; Vittori S; Eleuteri A; Volpini R; Camaioni E; Lupidi G; Mahmood N; Bevilacqua F; Palu G; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita di Camerino, Italy.
A series of 1-deazaadenine nucleosides with the N6 nitrogen unsubstituted or bearing methyl or cycloalkyl substituents, with or without a chloro group in the 2-position, and with the glycosylic moiety being ribose (1-16), 2 -deoxyribose (17-32), or 2 , 3 -dideoxyribose (33-48) were designed and synthesized starting fr
Krawczyk SH; Nassiri MR; Kucera LS; Kern ER; Ptak RG; Wotring LL; Drach JC; Townsend LB; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy,; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA.
The glycosylation of 3,4-dicyano-2-[(ethoxymethylene)amino]pyrrole (7) with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl bromide (2) furnished an anomeric mixture of nucleosides (8a,b). This mixture was separated, and the individual anomers were treated with methanolic ammonia to effect a concomitant deblocking and
Nectoux M; Bounias M; Popeskovic D; INRA Phytopharmacy Department, University of Avignon, France.
A biphasic increase of hemolymph glucose levels was observed following injection to bees of cupric gluconate or sulfate, both potent agents for the control of Varroa jacobsoni, a parasitic mite of hives. The simultaneous injection to bees of 0.3 microM BAYg5421 (an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidases) quenched the respons
J Med Primatol. 1995 Jan;24(1):35-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96015612
Persidsky Y; Liska V; Huss T; Gendrault JL; Venet A; Muchmore E; Traincard F; Kirn A; Aubertin AM; Unite INSERM 74, Institut de Virologie de la Faculte de; Medecine, Universite Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
Localization of virion-associated protein x (Vpx) of SIVmac 251 was studied in lymph nodes and liver of six SIVmac-infected monkeys. Vpx was found associated with the network of follicular dendritic cells and macrophages in lymph nodes and/or livers from five out of six animals by immunohistochemistry. Although the hu
J Med Primatol. 1995 Jan;24(1):43-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96015613
Tsai CC; Wu H; Meng F; Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington,; Seattle, USA.
Some macaques infected with SRV-2 developed SAIDS and RF, a Kaposi s sarcoma (KS)-like tumor. We investigated the immunophenotypic markers of this SAIDS-associated retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF). RF tumor is characterized by proliferation of spindle cells accompanying inflammatory cell infiltrates, fibroblasts, and
Gomez J; Freire E; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; 21218, USA.
The discovery that the protease from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to the aspartic protease family has generated renewed interest in this class of proteins. In this paper, the interactions of endothiapepsin, an aspartic proteinase from the fungus Endothia parasitica, with the inhibitor pepstatin A hav
Tanchou V; Gabus C; Rogemond V; Darlix JL; LaboRetro, Unite de Virologie humaine (INSERM-ENS 412), Ecole; Normale Superieure, Lyon, France.
HIV genomic RNA resides within the nucleocapsid, in the interior of the virus, which serves to protect the RNA against nuclease degradation and to promote its reverse transcription. To investigate the role of nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) in the stability and replication of genomic RNA within the nucleocapsid, we used N
Daly TJ; Doten RC; Rusche JR; Auer M; Repligen Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
The ability of HIV-1 Rev to successfully discriminate between specific Rev-responsive elements (RRE) and nonspecific binding sites in the presence of excess nonspecific RNA was examined using filter binding, gel shift, and gel filtration techniques, using purified M4 Rev mutant protein and endoproteinase Lys-C cleaved
The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein stimulates transcriptional elongation. Tat is introduced to the transcription machinery by binding to the transactivation response region (TAR) RNA stem-loop encoded by the 5 leader sequence found on all HIV-1 mRNAs. We have used multidimensional heteronucle
Bujacz G; Jaskolski M; Alexandratos J; Wlodawer A; Merkel G; Katz RA; Skalka AM; Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer; Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA.
Retroviral integrase (IN) functions to insert retroviral DNA into the host cell chromosome in a highly coordinated manner. IN catalyzes two biochemically separable reactions: processing of the viral DNA ends and joining of these ends to the host DNA. Previous studies suggested that these two reactions are chemically s
Shabbir I; Larson CP; Department of Community Health, Gondar College of Medical; Sciences, Ethiopia.
A descriptive survey to identify routes of spread of HIV infection from urban to rural populations was carried out in a rural south-central Ethiopian district. High risk practices for HIV infection and transmission were first documented among rural residing former soldiers, merchants and students. Extramarital interco
Nakashima K; Kashiwagi S; Noguchi A; Hirata M; Hayashi J; Kawasaki T; Uezono K; Itoh K; Acharya GP; Ogata M; Department of General Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital,; Fukuoka, Japan.
In 1987, 676 blood samples were collected from inhabitants of the Bhadrakali and Kotyang villages in Nepal . The samples were tested for the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg),
Bakir TM; Kurbaan KM; al Fawaz I; Ramia S; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud; University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) were studied in 53 Saudi children (31 males, 22 females; 1-12 years of age) receiving cycled cancer chemotherapy and in 168 healthy Saudi childr
Poli A; Abramo F; Cavicchio P; Bandecchi P; Ghelardi E; Pistello M; Department of Animal Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy.
In May 1991, clinical, pathologic, and virologic investigations were carried out on an 8-yr-old male lion (Panthera leo), with recurrent infections, in captivity with two lionesses in the Zoological Garden of Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy . The lion had severe pneumonia, neutropenia, throm
JAMA. 1995 Oct 18;274(15):1226-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96017572
Des Jarlais DC; Hagan H; Friedman SR; Friedmann P; Goldberg D; Frischer M; Green S; Tunving K; Ljungberg B; Wodak A; et al; Chemical Dependency Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New; York, NY, USA.
OBJECTIVES--To describe prevention activities and risk behavior in cities where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was introduced into the local population of injecting drug users (IDUs), but where seroprevalence has nevertheless remained low (
JAMA. 1995 Oct 25;274(16):1271-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96026247
DiClemente RJ; Wingood GM; School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior,; University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-2010, USA.
OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the efficacy of a community-based social skills human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention intervention to enhance consistent condom use. DESIGN--A randomized, single-blind controlled trial. SETTING--Bayview-Hunter s Point neighborhood of San Francisco, Calif, a predominantly African-American
JAMA. 1995 Nov 1;274(17):1374-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96042065
OBJECTIVE--To provide physicians and other transfusion medicine professionals with a current consensus on infectious disease testing for blood transfusions. PARTICIPANTS--A nonfederal, nonadvocate, 12-member consensus panel representing the fields of hematology, infectious disease, transfusion medicine, epidemiology,
JAMA. 1995 Nov 1;274(17):1380-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96042066
Paauw DS; Wenrich MD; Curtis JR; Carline JD; Ramsey PG; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of; Medicine, Seattle, USA.
OBJECTIVE--To assess the ability of primary care physicians to identify physical findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN--Standardized patient examination. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 134 general internists and family practitioners were randomly selected after stratifying by year of
Hagiwara T; Amano K; Sugimura D; Isogai N; Arai M; Fukutake K; Kojima H; Shimada H; Department of Clinical Pathology, Tokyo Medical College, Japan.
A 28-year-old hemophilia A patient was admitted to our hospital in July, 1991 because of high fever, chronic diarrhea and anemia. The patient had been recognized as a asymptomatic carrier of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1985 and had developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and had been diagnosed as acquired i
Arai Y; Sato R; Katsura T; Komatsu H; Kawata K; Fujino T; Ouchi M; Yakumaru K; Division of Respiratory Diseases, National Sanatorium; Minami-Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
A 49-year-old Japanese male who had been imprisoned for five years then lived with other men complained of fever, constitutional symptoms and a 12 kg weight loss over four-month period. He was referred to us as his gastric washings were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Chest X-ray showed patchy, infiltrative smal
Humphreys MH; San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San; Francisco 94143, USA.
The constellation of nephrotic proteinuria, FSGS, and rapid loss of renal function in a patient infected with HIV-1 has been sufficiently widespread and well documented to justify identification as a specific renal syndrome, HIV-associated nephropathy. The position paper of the National Kidney Foundation-National Inst
Kaysen GA; Rathore V; Shearer GC; Depner TA; Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis, School; of Medicine, USA.
Hypoalbuminemia is the most powerful predictor of mortality in end-stage renal disease. Since protein-calorie malnutrition can decrease albumin synthesis it is assumed that hypoalbuminemia results principally from malnutrition in these patients, but albumin synthesis may also be decreased as part of the acute-phase re
Hitraya EG; Tan EM; Rudnicka L; Jimenez SA; Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas; Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
BACKGROUND: Microvascular alterations are prominent features of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and often precede the appearance of clinically detectable fibrosis. The mechanism leading to selective microvascular injury in SSc is not known; however, microvascular endothelial cell (EC) activation has been demonstrated in SSc
Rowe T; Dezzutti C; Guenthner PC; Lam L; Hodge T; Lairmore MD; Lal RB; Folks TM; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
A long-term T-cell line, termed SP+, was developed from a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected patient with adult T-cell leukemia that is dependent on exogenous IL-2 for growth. The SP+ expresses a full complimentation of HTLV-I-specific viral proteins,
Tamiya S; Matsuoka M; Takemoto S; Shimizu K; Yamaguchi K; Mita S; Uchino M; Ando M; Miyaguni T; Kuniyoshi K; et al; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University; School of Medicine, Japan.
Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is the T cell malignancy caused by human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), and HTLV-I is also the causative agent of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Although HTLV-I causes both diseases, concomitant occurrence is reported to be rare. This paper descr
Lancet. 1995 Oct 7;346(8980):941-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96006000
Garred P; Madsen HO; Hofmann B; Svejgaard A; Department of Clinical Immunology, National University Hospital; (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
A low plasma concentration of mannan-binding protein (MBP) impairs opsonisation and phagocytosis. Three different mutations in the MBP gene have a dominant effect on MBP concentration. We investigated the frequency of the abnormal MBP alleles in 228 unrelated patients suspected of various non-HIV-related immunodeficie
Upadhyay S; Marks SC; Arden RL; Crane LR; Cohn AM; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harper; Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
The bacteriology of sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has been only sporadically reported. In this study, we report the results of cultures taken from 12 HIV patients with refractory chronic sinusitis who underwent surgery. Nine of the 12 patients had positive cultures with 16 isolates
Som PM; Brandwein MS; Silvers A; Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City; University of New York, NY 10029, USA.
The purpose of this report is to examine the computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance images, and pathologic findings in 44 patients, 42 of whom had inclusion-type cysts of the parotid and parapharyngeal space of varying etiologies. Two additional cases of cystic changes in the benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLE
Med Decis Making. 1995 Jul-Sep;15(3):195-200. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031876
Fowler FJ Jr; Cleary PD; Massagli MP; Weissman J; Epstein A; Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts-Boston; 02125-3393, USA.
Questions that involve willingness to risk or give up life often are used to measure the values of health states. In the Boston Health Study, interviews with 291 patients who had AIDS included questions about health status and current desire for resuscitation, and a series of hypothetical questions about desire for li
Med Trop (Mars). 1995;55(2):135-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96040959
Morel H; Talarmin F; M'Baye PS; Sane M; Ndoye B; Hugard L; Service de Medicine, H5bopital Principal, Dakar, Senegal.
Among the opportunistic infections observed during infection with human immunodeficiency virus, recurrent non-typhoid salmonella bacteriemia has not been widely documented in Black Africa. This retrospective study identified 5 cases of non-typhoid salmonellosis in a series of 27 seropositive patients, i.e. 18.5%, hosp
Med Trop (Mars). 1995;55(2):151-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96040963
Imbert P; Poizot-Martin I; Lacour JP; Marty P; Dhiver C; Martet G; Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale, Hopital; d'Instruction des Armees LAVERAN, Marseille, France.
The authors describe three cases of Histoplasma capsulatum histoplasmosis that occurred in black AIDS patients living in France but originally from Guinea and Ivory Coast . In all three cases histoplasmos
Gombold JL; Sutherland RM; Lavi E; Paterson Y; Weiss SR; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of; Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6076, USA.
Mouse hepatitis virus causes a chronic demyelinating disease in C57BL/6 mice. While early studies suggested demyelination is due to direct cytolytic effects of virus on oligodendrocytes, there is increasing evidence for the involvement of the immune system in the mechanism of demyelination. In this study we have asked
Chimsuku L; Verhoeff FH; Maxvell SM; Broadhead RL; Thomas A; van der Kaay HJ; Russell W; Brabin B; Department of Pediatrics, University of Malawi, Blantyre.
Preliminary results are presented from this study which indicate that 84.8% of pregnant women present at first antenatal visit with anemia (Hb 11g/dl) an 8.7% of their infants (n = 230) have a hemoglobin at birth below 14g/dl. There is an association between pregnancy anemia and malaria. A case control study in pregna
This is a case report on a 42 years old patient suffering from Whipple s disease. The patient had characteristic symptoms: high temperature, frequent bowel movement, melanoderma, arthralgia and enlarged lymph nodes. After detailed clinical researches, x-ray and endoscopic examination, bacteriology examination of faece
Med Klin. 1995 Aug 15;90(8):443-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96054166
Thomas W; Krahforst MC; Kohle K; Institut und Poliklinik fur Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie der; Universitat zu Koln.
AIM: Can neuropsychic impairment which is clinically observed in the case of HIV-infected patients be objectivized, and what is the relationship to somatic features caused by the disease? PATIENTS AND METHOD: 65 HIV-infected men with no history of drug-addiction were examined by means of a test battery which monitored
Caldwell GA; Naider F; Becker JM; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; 37996-0845, USA.
In a variety of fungal species, mating between haploid cells is initiated by the action of peptide pheromones. The identification and characterization of several fungal pheromones has revealed that they have common structural features classifying them as lipopeptides. In the course of biosynthesis, these pheromones un
Roulston A; Lin R; Beauparlant P; Wainberg MA; Hiscott J; Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for; Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital,; Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
CD4+ macrophages in tissues such as lung, skin, and lymph nodes, promyelocytic cells in bone marrow, and peripheral blood monocytes serve as important targets and reservoirs for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. HIV-1-infected myeloid cells are often diminished in their ability to participate in
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in children who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite the publication of guidelines for prophylaxis against PCP for children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1991 (1), ongoing AIDS surveillance has dete
These recommendations were developed by the U.S. Public Health Service to address the increasing epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women and their infants. The recommendations stress the importance of early diagnosis of HIV infection for the health of both women and their infants and are b
As of June 1995, a total of 31,024 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had been reported in the United States among male injecting-drug users (IDUs) who also reported sexual contact with other men (1). Although male IDUs who report male sex partners have accounted for 7%
Murphy TL; Cleveland MG; Kulesza P; Magram J; Murphy KM; Department of Pathology, Washington University School of; Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is an inducible cytokine composed of 35- and 40-kDa subunits that is critical for promoting T helper type 1 development and cell-mediated immunity against pathogens. The 40-kDa subunit, expressed by activated macrophages and B cells, is induced by several pathogens in vivo and in vitro and is au
Rooney JW; Sun YL; Glimcher LH; Hoey T; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston,; Massachusetts 02115, USA.
The transcription factors NFAT and AP-1 have been shown to be essential for inducible interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) expression in activated T cells. NFAT has been previously reported to bind to two sites in the IL-2 promoter: in association with AP-1 at the distal antigen respo
Hudrisier D; Mazarguil H; Oldstone MB; Gairin JE; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie Fondamentales, CNRS,; Toulouse, France.
The H-2Db peptide sequence SMIENLEYM was manipulated (N- and C-terminus truncation and alanine substitution) to determine the role of structural elements (peptide ends and residue side chains) in binding to H-2Db. We found that good binding affinity could be obtained by compensating the minimal binding condition for o
Nature. 1995 Oct 19;377(6550):632-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96026302
Barry MA; Lai WC; Johnston SA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical; Center, Dallas 75235-8573, USA.
As is evident from the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, there is no systematic method for producing a vaccine. Genetic immunization is a new approach to vaccine production that has many of the advantages of live/attenuated pathogens but no risk of infection. It involves introducing DNA encoding a pathogen protei
Lustig V; Kager PA; Meenhorst PL; Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam,; Netherlands.
A 41-year-old AIDS patient with fever, nightly perspiration, diarrhoea, anaemia and leukopenia was diagnosed as having visceral leishmaniasis (VL). After 8 weeks of antimony treatment combined with gamma-interferon, given in 2 courses of 3 and 5 weeks, 12 weeks apart, the bone marrow revealed no parasites by microscop
N Z Med J. 1995 Sep 8;108(1007):364-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96013265
Chetwynd J; Brunton C; Blank M; Plumridge E; Baldwin D; Department of Public Health and General Practice, Christchurch; School of Medicine.
AIM. To study the seroprevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) amongst a population of injecting drug users and to examine the relationship between potential risk factors and HCV infection. METHODS. A sample of 116 clients attending a methadone treatment clinic in Christchurch took part in this study. Blood samples w
Every health care organization should have clear policies about how employees with HIV/AIDS are to be accommodated under employment laws. Managers should be knowledgeable about discrimination laws in order to handle reactions of co-workers. Administrators must ensure that educational sessions are provided for all leve
Heard I; Bergeron C; Jeannel D; Henrion R; Kazatchkine MD; Unite d'Immunopathologic, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. METHODS: Papanicolaou smears were followed-up prospectively in a group of 60 HIV-positive women every 6 months for 18 months. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of SIL at 18 mont
Kieserman SP; Stern J; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye; and Ear Infirmary, NY 10003, USA.
Lymphadenopathy and nasal obstruction are very common in the HIV-positive patient and may or may not reveal a nasopharyngeal tumor. Biopsy is warranted if there is evidence suggestive of lymphoma or other neoplastic disease. This would include progressive rapid enlargement observed on examination or CT scan, an asymme
Brel F; Rabaud C; May T; Hoen B; Amiel C; Burty C; Dailloux M; Canton P; Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hopitaux de; Brabois, Vandceuvre, France.
The detection of BAAR in HIV infected patients with CD4
Ratnaike S; Blake D; Department of Biochemistry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville,; Victoria.
This review details an approach to the biochemical diagnosis and follow-up of porphyria. We discuss the problems of diagnosis of both symptomatic patients suspected of porphyria and patients being investigated because of a family history of porphyria. High performance liquid chromatography plays a major role in the in
Carbone A; Boiocchi M; Gloghini A; De Re V; Dolcetti R; De Paoli P; Barzan L; Bertola G; Rossi C; Morassut S; et al; Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero; e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano.
High grade B-cell systemic lymphomas in HIV-infected patients exhibit pleomorphic features as well as some overlap between established histologic subtypes thus highlighting the difficulties in defining them precisely by making use of the classifications for non-Hodgkin s lymphomas (NHL) proposed before the AIDS epidem
Sivit CJ; Miller CR; Rakusan TA; Ellaurie M; Kushner DC; Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's; National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
This report aims to provide a description of the spectrum of radiographic findings in children with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The chest radiographs of all children with perinatally transmitted HIV infection who had PCP were reviewed. Thirty-eight episodes of PCP were noted in 32 children. The age
Ambrosino MM; Roche KJ; Genieser NB; Kaul A; Lawrence RM; Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, NY; 10016, USA.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of thin-section low-dose computed tomography (TSCT) in the management of children with AIDS, as chest radiographs (CXR) often fail to adequately explain the patients clinical status. We performed 54 noncontrast TSCTs on 32 children. The patients aged from 3 months
Miller TL; Awnetwant EL; Evans S; Morris VM; Vazquez IM; McIntosh K; Combined Program in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,; Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
OBJECTIVE. Malnutrition is common in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and little is known of effective nutritional interventions. We sought to determine whether enteral supplementation with gastrostomy tube feedings would provide improvements in weight, height, body composition, immune parameter
Haggerty RJ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of; Medicine and Dentistry, NY, USA.
Pediatric practice in the next millennium will require greater knowledge of new morbidities, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and social and behavioral disorders, reemergent old disorders, such as tuberculosis, and disorders rarely seen of late in the United States but now be
Shirley A; Jackson Hirds Comprehensive Health Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
The rapidly changing environment in the health care industry offers great challenges, especially to those providers who traditionally have cared for vulnerable and underserved populations. These populations have special health care needs resulting from various factors, including race, geography, environment, and lack
Kandimalla ER; Manning A; Lathan C; Byrn RA; Agrawal S; Hybridon, Inc., Worcester, MA 01604, USA.
Short oligonucleotides that can bind to adjacent sites on target mRNA sequences are designed and evaluated for their binding affinity and biological activity. Sequence-specific binding of short tandem oligonucleotides is compared with a full-length single oligonucleotide (21mer) that binds to the same target sequence.
Nurses working in the field of substance misuse are aware of the risks of HIV and hepatitis B among individuals who indulge in high-risk behaviour. This paper highlights another danger to injecting drug users, that of hepatitis C, and argues that health professionals need to be aware of this and tailor their practice
Pathol Res Pract. 1995 Mar;191(2):148-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053618
Ohshima K; Kondo S; Yoshida T; Kikuchi M; Shibata T; Sumiyoshi Y; Takeshita M; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University,; Japan.
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and recently has also been suggested to be involved in chronic arthritis. The synovia of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contains activated T lymphocytes, with a restricted expression of T cell receptor (TC
Postgrad Med J. 1995 Jul;71(837):404-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96004910
Winstanley P; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of; Liverpool, UK.
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite, which causes several serious diseases. Until the AIDS pandemic, toxoplasmic encephalitis was largely confined to the pharmacologically immune-suppressed and to cases of congenital transmission. T gondii is now one of the more commonly encountered opportunistic pathogens of a
Presse Med. 1995 Jun 24;24(23):1071-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96006402
Beyne P; Lisovoski F; Got L; Ayache P; Delacoux E; Service de Biochimie, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy.
OBJECTIVES: beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) is a small molecular weight protein (11 800 Daltons) which can transudate into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the same manner than albumin. Intrathecal synthesis is a sign of local immuno-stimulation and is correlated with immunoglobulin G. The aim of this study was to asc
Cabie A; Mendoza-Sassi G; Matheron S; Dombret MC; Coulaud JP; Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hopital Bichat,; Claude Bernard, Paris.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the changes and the effect of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis on induced sputum sensitivity during these five last years METHODS: An induced sputum examination was performed in 80 cases of PCP over a 5-year period. RESULTS: The induce
Maslo C; Hadacek B; Maresca A; Vallee E; Coulaud JP; Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hopital; Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris.
OBJECTIVES: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections are frequent in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mycobacterium avium intracellulare is the most frequent organism isolated but several other mycobacteria are also seen. Mycobacterium gordonae is a saprophytic mycobacteria which is rarely
Mod Pathol. 1995 May;8(4):398-401. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053500
Buckley JA; Hutchins GM; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions,; Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
AIMS: Observation of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and veno-occlusive disease (VOD) at autopsy prompted us to review the liver pathology of autopsied patients with human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) to determine the frequency of occu
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 12;92(19):8818-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96004630
Lee-Huang S; Huang PL; Huang PL; Bourinbaiar AS; Chen HC; Kung HF; Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of; Medicine, NY 10016, USA.
MAP30 (Momordica anti-HIV protein of 30 kDa) and GAP31 (Gelonium anti-HIV protein of 31 kDa) are anti-HIV plant proteins that we have identified, purified, and cloned from the medicinal plants Momordica charantia and Gelonium multiflorum. These antiviral agents are capable of inhibiting infection of HIV type 1 (HIV-1)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 12;92(19):9004-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96004667
Broder CC; Berger EA; Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892, USA.
We investigated the relationship between the fusion selectivity of the envelope glycoprotein (env) and the tropism of different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates for CD4+ human T-cell lines vs. primary macrophages. Recombinant vaccinia viruses were prepared encoding the envs from several well-charac
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 26;92(20):9077-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96016112
Guerrini L; Blasi F; Denis-Donini S; Department of Genetics and Microbial Biology, University of; Milan, Italy.
Neuronal proliferation, migration, and differentiation are regulated by the sequential expression of particular genes at specific stages of development. Such processes rely on differential gene expression modulated through second-messenger systems. Early postnatal mouse cerebellar granule cells migrate into the intern
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 26;92(20):9383-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96016173
Bordier B; Perala-Heape M; Degols G; Lebleu B; Litvak S; Sarih-Cottin L; Helene C; Institut de Biochimie Cellulaire et Neurochimie, Centre National; de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France.
We have investigated two regions of the viral RNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as potential targets for antisense oligonucleotides. An oligodeoxynucleotide targeted to the U5 region of the viral genome was shown to block the elongation of cDNA synthesized by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in vitro. This
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9445-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003795
Cosentino GP; Venkatesan S; Serluca FC; Green SR; Mathews MB; Sonenberg N; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Canada.
The yeast two-hybrid system and far-Western protein blot analysis were used to demonstrate dimerization of human double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR) in vivo and in vitro. A catalytically inactive mutant of PKR with a single amino acid substitution (K296R) was found to dimerize in vivo, and a mut
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9475-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003801
Claria J; Serhan CN; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,; USA.
Aspirin [acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)], along with its analgesic-antipyretic uses, is now also being considered for cardiovascular protection and treatments in cancer and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Although many of ASA s pharmacological actions are related to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin and thrombo
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9791-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003865
Dohlsten M; Hansson J; Ohlsson L; Litton M; Kalland T; Pharmacia Oncology Immunology, Lund, Sweden.
Recruitment of antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a major goal for immunotherapy of malignant tumours. We now describe that T-cell-activating superantigens targeted to a tumor by monoclonal antibodies induced large numbers of pseudospecific TILs and eradication of micrometastases. As a model for
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9851-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003877
Hoffmann MW; Heath WR; Ruschmeyer D; Miller JF; Klinik fur Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie,; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
Tolerance induction by thymic epithelium induces a state of so-called split tolerance, characterized in vivo by tolerance and in vitro by reactivity to a given thymically expressed antigen. Using a model major histocompatibility complex class I antigen, H-2Kb (Kb), three mechanisms of thymic epithelium-induced toleran
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9871-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003881
Yang C; Spies CP; Compans RW; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University; School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
The envelope proteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were found to be modified by fatty acylation of the transmembrane protein subunit gp41. The precursor gp160 was also palmitoylated prior to its cleavage into the gp120 and gp41 subunits. The palmitic acid label was sens
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1995 Aug 22;261(1361):147-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047959
Anderson RM; Swinton J; Garnett GP; University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, U.K.
A safe and effective HIV vaccine to prevent infection and/or to moderate disease is urgently needed. Research progress has been slower than anticipated for a variety of reasons including uncertainty over which immunogen to use (i.e. recombinant subunit envelope proteins or whole HIV-1 products), confusion on which imm
Nurses caring for people with HIV disease may have support and developmental needs related to knowledge, attitudes, stress and isolation. The potential benefits of supervision may be illustrated by exploring models that could meet the needs of nurses caring for people with HIV disease.
Grassi B; Gambini O; Scarone S; Department of Biomedical and Technological Sciences, University; of Milan Medical School, Italy.
Fluvoxamine belongs to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which have recently gained large popularity as antidepressant agents essentially because they lack the most troublesome adverse effects of older antidepressants (i.e. tricyclic antidepressants) such as anticholinergic effects and cardi
Diwu Z; Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR 97402, USA.
Hypocrellins and hypericins, structurally related plant pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambuase and Hypericum respectively, are known photodynamic agents. This review summarizes certain significant advances in the photophysics, photochemistry and photobiology of these pigments in the last 2 years and discusses thei
Graham CS; Graham BG; Bartlett JA; Heald AE; Schiffman SS; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,; NC 27710, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) associated wasting is an increasingly common clinical manifestation of AIDS. The pathogenesis of wasting is multifactorial and includes reduced caloric intake as a major contributing mechanism. The perceptions of taste and smell play an important role in stimulating caloric intake
Meyer I; Empfield M; Engel D; Cournos F; Creedmoor Psychiatric Center, USA.
The growing population of chronically mentally ill persons who are HIV-positive or who have AIDS has not yet been adequately studied. We describe the entire population of known HIV-positive inpatients in a state psychiatric center in New York City. In this sample, the typical patient with known HIV infection is as lik
Carroll JL; Carroll LM; Central Michigan University, Department of Psychology, Mt.; Pleasant 48859, USA.
Undergraduates, 55 men and 151 women, completed a 13-item survey about drinking behavior and sexual activity. In general, men and women were similar in their behaviors. Despite recent efforts to promote AIDS awareness, it appears that both genders may be engaging in risky behavior. The results are discussed in terms o
Simkins L; Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City; 64110, USA.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the sexual behaviors of college students and assess the extent to which they were engaging in behaviors that have a risk for contracting AIDS. A total of 132 single sexually active students and 58 married students responded to a survey on their sexual behaviors and attitude
Vedda RA; Pima Community College, Tucson, Ariz., USA.
Secondary infections and malignancies are responsible for the majority of deaths among AIDS patients. Medical imaging plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies. Many opportunistic infections and malignancies can be imaged with conventional radiography and fluoroscopy, sonography, com
Carignan S; Staples CA; Muller NL; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia,; Vancouver, Canada.
PURPOSE: To assess the computed tomographic (CT) findings of intrathoracic lymphoproliferative disorders in the immunocompromised patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed CT scans of the chest in 18 consecutive patients with pathologically proved intrathoracic lymphoproliferative disorders.
McGuinness G; Scholes JV; Jagirdar JS; Lubat E; Leitman BS; Bhalla M; McCauley DI; Garay SM; Naidich DP; Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, NY; 10016, USA.
PURPOSE: To identify characteristic computed tomographic (CT) findings in unusual pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders seen in adults with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the CT scans and pathologic spec
Moore EH; Russell LA; Klein JS; White CS; McGuinness G; Davis LG; Anderson MW; McGuiness G [corrected to McGuinness G]; Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical; Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
PURPOSE: To describe the varied clinical manifestations and imaging findings encountered in bacillary angiomatosis , an infectious complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings in nine men
Radiol Med (Torino). 1995 Jul-Aug;90(1-2):8-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96008626
Tartaglione T; Colosimo C; Antinori A; Vecchiet J; Vural M; Marano P; Istituto di Radiologia, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,; Roma.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a subacute demyelinating opportunistic infection of the central nervous system which frequently occurs in AIDS. CT and MR, together with clinical and virological findings, can suggest a correct diagnosis in most cases, thus avoiding stereotactic biopsy which is too i
Balsdon MJ; Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecologia, Hospital Barros; Luco-Trudeau, Santiago.
HIV infection is increasingly affecting the practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. Gynaecological problems include an increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases and other genital infections in HIV positive women. Also cervical neoplasia is more common, more severe and progresses more rapidly. The risk of infecti
Ramos JM; Fernandez-Roblas R; Nunez A; Fernandez-Guerrero ML; Soriano F; Departamento de Microbiologia Medica, Fundacion Jimenez; Diaz, Madrid.
In order to know the epidemiological, clinical and evolutive characteristics of bacteriemia caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci groups A and B, a retrospective investigation was undertaken of 48 bacteremic episodes observed in adult patients for 10 years (1985-1994). Twenty-two episodes were caused by Group A beta-h
Ramos JM; Esteban J; Jimenez-Arriero M; Soriano F; Departamento de Microbiologia Clinica, Fundacion Jimenez; Diaz.
In order to know extrapulmonary tuberculosis in our environment the results of all samples submitted for culture of mycobacteria to the Microbiology Department, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, from 1980 to 1993 were analyzed. During this period 290 cases of extrapulmonary cases were diagnosed, 101 from 1980 to 1985 and 189 fr
Res Immunol. 1995 Jan;146(1):11-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053385
Donnenberg AD; Margolick JB; Beltz LA; Donnenberg VS; Rinaldo CR Jr; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of; Medicine, PA, 15213 USA.
Apoptosis has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes ranging from tissue modeling to deletion of autoreactive T lymphocytes during thymic development. The recent finding that a large proportion of peripheral T cells from HIV-infected subjects (corrected from subjects) apoptose in culture raises an imp
Res Immunol. 1995 Jan;146(1):23-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053386
Barrat F; Haegel H; Louise A; Vincent-Naulleau S; Boulouis HJ; Neway T; Ceredig R; Pilet C; Laboratoire de Pathologie generale, Microbiologie et; Immunologie, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Ecole; Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Aging is associated with a decrease in the functional activity of T cells. We have explored age-related alterations in CD44 and MEL-14 expression by spleen cells bearing the Thy1.2, CD4 or CD8 antigens in C57BL/6 mice at 2, 8, 15 and 23 months of age. The membrane expression of CD44 and MEL-14 molecules can be used to
Res Immunol. 1995 Jan;146(1):35-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96053387
Lasarte JJ; Sarobe P; Prieto J; Borras-Cuesta F; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de; Medicina Interna, Pamplona, Spain.
Immunization of mice with peptide constructs, consisting of a determinant recognized by T cytotoxic cells colinearly linked to a determinant recognized by T helper cells (TDc-TDh) was able to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. Interestingly, this induction could be achieved in the absence of adjuvant in non-deple
Res Microbiol. 1995 Mar-Apr;146(3):193-202. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96008858
Newton SM; Klebba PE; Hofnung M; Charbit A; Departemento de Microbiologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo,; Brazil.
The promoter of the Escherichia coli gene nirB is induced by both the presence of nitrite in the environment and by low oxygen tensions. It has been used to direct the high-level expression of heterologous proteins by E. coli strains in fermentors, and attenuated Salmonella strains expressing foreign proteins under ni
Res Microbiol. 1995 Mar-Apr;146(3):203-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96008859
Newton SM; Joys TM; Anderson SA; Kennedy RC; Hovi ME; Stocker BA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University; School of Medicine, CA 94305-5402.
A synthetic oligonucleotide specifying residues 735-752 of the product of the env gene of HIV1 IIIB was inserted by blunt-end ligation at restriction sites in the hypervariable, antigenically determinant region IV of two flagellin genes. Its integration, in frame and correct orientation, into gene fliC(d) in plasmid p
Huertas MA; Rivera-Morales IM; Romero C; Ponce-de-Leon S; Division de Epidemiologia Hospitalaria, Instituto Nacional de; la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, D.F.
INTRODUCTION. The risk of developing parenterally transmitted infections in health-care personnel has become a challenge because of high costs, laboral incapacity and mortality, and social stigmatization. OBJECTIVES. To inform the incidence of occupational exposure in our institution, to determine the type of personne
Epler GR; Department of Medicine, New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, MA; 02120, USA.
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of diffuse infiltrative lung disease. It is a diagnostic consideration in patients with a febrile flu-like illness of a few weeks duration and a roentgenogram showing bilateral patchy infiltrates that are not respons
Rev Med Interne. 1995;16(7):518-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96008889
Carbonnelle B; Carpentier E; Laboratoire de bacteriologie-virologie, CHU d'Angers, France.
To assure the diagnosis of tuberculosis, one needs the observation, the isolation and the identification of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this approach, the microscopic exam occurs as a fast but neither sensitive or specific test. The isolation on solid media is slow and needs more than three week
Rev Med Interne. 1995;16(7):524-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96008890
Bolla G; Disdier P; Swiader L; Andrac L; Vacheret H; Sahel J; Harle JR; Weiller PJ; Service de medecine interne, CHU La Timone, bd Jean-Moulin,; Marseille, France.
We report the first case of limited cutaneous Kaposi s sarcoma during ulcerative colitis, in a HIV-negative 68 year-old man without any risk factors for this tumor. In our case, the steroid-therapy necessitated by the colitis is the most important aetiological factor of the sarcoma and its withdrawal leads to a comple
Rev Med Interne. 1995;16(7):547-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96008894
Perronne C; de Truchis P; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hopital; Raymond-Poincare, Garches, France.
The recent augmentation of the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is related to the high incidence of tuberculosis in HIV infected people, especially in those with low social status and no medical care; several nosocomial epidemics of MDR tuberculosis were observed in American and European institutio
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Jan;123(1):61-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96054121
Wolff M; Northland R; Segovia J; Beltran C; Valdes M; Albornoz M; Allendes G; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de; Chile, Santiago de Chile.
Four hundred and eighty six infected adults (90.7% men) were prospectively followed from 1988 to 1993 at a multiprofessional center in Santiago, Chile . 87.8% of male patients (pts)--84% of them homo/bisexual--and 64.4% of women acquired the infection sexually. At the beginning of th
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Jan;123(1):7-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96054114
Cartier L; Vergara C; Ramirez E; Casivar T; Vasquez A; Departamento de Ciencias Neurologicas, Facultad de Medicina,; Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile.
The seroprevalence of HTLV-1 was studied in parents, brothers, siblings and sexual partners of 147 patients with spastic paraparesis associated to HTLV-1 (HAM/TSP) and 84 patients with HTLV-1 negative spastic paraparesis (SP). Seroprevalence was 29.1% for HAM/SP and 0% for SP relatives (p
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Jan;123(1):74-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96054122
Sepulveda C; Thompson L; Castrillon MA; Hurtado C; Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Jose Joaquin Aguirre,; Santiago de Chile.
An acute clinical picture of variable intensity may occur during the initial primary phase of HIV infection, it may however pass unnoticed. We report 12 seronegative subjects (11 male homosexuals, 1 female heterosexual, aged 18 to 44 years old), that presented an acute clinical picture preceding seroconversion. All ha
Rev Med Chil. 1995 Feb;123(2):225-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96054137
Duclos J; Departamento de Nefrologia, Hospital Naval, Vina del Mar,; Chile.
Hepatitis C virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients is associated with several unresolved problems. We report a 85 years old female patient in chronic hemodialysis and treated with erythropoietin, that during the course of an Herpes zoster, presented severe malaise, weight loss and muscle weakness. Two weeks
Ohji T; Tokumaru O; Urano H; Matsuda S; Shirahata A; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of; Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
To determine the factors involved in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia frequently found in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection, we studied the clinical and laboratory findings of 35 Japanese HIV-infected hemophiliacs regarding their association with thrombocytopenia. Seventeen HIV-positive patients were t
Stat Med. 1995 Jun 30;14(12):1365-78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96055703
Fielding KL; Brettle RP; Gore SM; O'Brien F; Wyld R; Robertson JR; Weightman R; MRC-BIAS, Centre for HIV Research, Edinburgh, U.K.
A longitudinal analysis of a partner study is compared with a cross-sectional analysis which identify behavioural and biological risk factors for heterosexual transmission of HIV. Using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) a random effects logistic model is used for the longitudinal analysis. These approaches are i
Landgraf IM; Palaci M; Vieira MF; Ueki SY; Martins MC; Sato DN; Ferrazoli L; Telles MA; Gorla MC; Vaz TM; et al; Secao de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo,; Brasil.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 2083 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and neurological complications were bacteriologically examined during a period of 7 years (1984-1990). The percentage of patients who had at least one bacterial agent cultured from the CSF was 6.2%. Mycobacterium tuberc
Fachado A; Fonte L; Alberti E; Hadad P; Fonseca L; Machin R; Finlay C; Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Pedro; Kouri, Havana City, Cuba.
Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is a mayor cause of central nervous system infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 56 of 79 patients with AIDS (71%), in the present study. Fourteen out of 57 seropositive patients developed TF (25%) and had Toxoplasma g
Rocher P; Veron C; Vert M; Chanavaz M; Donazzan M; Hildebrand HF; Laboratoire de Biophysique, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de; Lille II.
In the present paper, the authors call in mind the definitions of biocompatibility and the essential qualities required for biomaterials. The materials mostly used in implantology and maxillofacial surgery are numerous alloys, bioceramics, resorbable and non-resorbable polymers, and finally osseous substitutes of huma
Zhang GX; Ma CG; Xiao BG; Bakhiet M; Ljungdahl A; Olsson T; Link H; Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University; Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
CD8+ T cells can perform both Th1- and Th2-like functions by producing cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), as well as the immune response down-regulating transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which are all involved in the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia grav
Lin LC; Chen YC; Chou CC; Hsieh KH; Chiang BL; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan; University, China.
Multifactorial involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune NZB/W F1 mice has been well documented. To further elucidate the role of cytokines in the disease development of murine lupus, single spleen cells isolated from NZB/W F1 and non-autoimmune C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with T cell mitogens or anti-CD3 antibod
Heerwagen C; Pabst R; Westermann J; Center of Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Germany.
Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) continuously patrol through the body, facilitating immune responses at most sites. The neuropeptide Substance P might regulate immune responses by influencing the migration of TDL. Therefore, it was investigated whether Substance P affects the migration of thoracic duct B, T, CD8+ and C
During pregnancy a semiallogeneic fetus survives despite the presence of maternal T cells specific for paternally inherited histocompatibility antigens. A mouse transgenic for a T cell receptor recognizing the major histocompatibility (MHC) antigen H-2Kb was used to follow the fate of T cells reactive to paternal allo
Metcalf AM; Dean T; Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City; 52242-1086, USA.
BACKGROUND. Recent studies suggest an alarming incidence of dysplasia in homosexuals with anal condyloma. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of dysplasia in anal condyloma in our male patients and to determine risk factors for premalignant or malignant change. METHODS. Between 1986 and 1994, 103 m
Lipman MC; Johnson MA; Bray DH; Poulter LH; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free Hospital and School; of Medicine, London, UK.
BACKGROUND--It has previously been shown that HIV infected individuals with pneumonitis have identifiable abnormalities in alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In particular, alterations in the expression of alveolar macrophage surface antigens associated with macrophage function have been re
Wilsher ML; Hallowes M; Birchall NM; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland; 3, New Zealand.
BACKGROUND--Gamma/delta T lymphocytes are thought to have a role in granulomatous immune responses at peripheral sites of antigen contact such as the gut, skin and lung. The aim of this study was to determine if gamma/delta T lymphocytes are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with active sarcoidosis. METHOD
Yu CT; Wang CH; Huang TJ; Lin HC; Kuo HP; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,; Taipei, Taiwan.
BACKGROUND--Effective host defence against mycobacterial infection chiefly depends on the interactions between macrophages and T lymphocytes. This study investigated the relation of cellular components and their activity of cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from the lower respiratory tract to disease regr
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1995 Oct 10;115(24):3032-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96038696
Bjune G; Nokleby HM; Avdeling for vaksine, Statens institutt for folkehelse, Oslo.
There is an urgent need for new vaccines. The biotechnological revolution has created new hope. However, developments are hampered by inadequate basic knowledge about the immunology of infections, and lack of coordination between public and commercial research and development work on vaccines. Recombinant vaccines are
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1995 Oct 10;115(24):3035-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96038697
Eggen BM; Avdeling for immunologi og blodbank, Regionsykehuset i Trondheim.
A blood transfusion can never become a completely risk free event. Almost all kinds of infectious agents; viruses, bacteria and parasites, can be transmitted by blood. So far, hepatitis and HIV-infections have been focused. The state of readiness to meet these infections must be kept while we prepare for new agents, l
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Jul-Aug;88(4):386-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031247
Jeronimo SM; Oliveira RM; Mackay S; Costa RM; Sweet J; Nascimento ET; Luz KG; Fernandes MZ; Jernigan J; Pearson RD; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do; Norte, Brazil.
The epidemiological pattern of visceral leishmaniasis in north-eastern Brazil is changing. The disease was typically seen in rural, endemic areas, but is now occurring as an epidemic in the city of Natal where 316 cases have been reported since 1989; 49% were in children less than
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Jul-Aug;88(4):410-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031254
Barton EN; Morgan OS; Smikle MF; Blattner WA; Department of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Kingston,; Jamaica.
A high seropositivity rate of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection was found in Jamaican patients with chronic diseases. However, except for tropical spastic paraparesis, polymyositis, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma and polyneuropathies of undetermined cause, HTLV-1 seropositivity rates in chroni
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Jul-Aug;88(4):434-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96031268
Stein ME; Spencer D; Kantor A; Ruff P; Haim N; Bezwoda WR; Department of Medical Oncology, Johannesburg General Hospital,; Republic of South Africa.
Epidemic acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi s sarcoma (AKS) in tropical and southern Africa is a highly varied neoplastic disease, characterized by multifocal mucocutaneous, lymphatic and visceral involvement. It follows a clinical course similar to AKS in Europe and the USA. However, lack of adequate
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Jul-Aug;89(4):354-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96014710
Godfrey-Faussett P; Baggaley R; Mwinga A; Hosp M; Porter J; Luo N; Kelly M; Msiska R; McAdam K; Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka,; Zambia.
To determine the number of clients attending for voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing who are able to enter a trial of preventive therapy for tuberculosis, and the factors that determine who receives therapy, we studied 475 consecutive people attending for an HIV test at Lusaka s first voluntary HIV te
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Jul-Aug;89(4):411-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96014733
Skalsky JA; Joller-Jemelka HI; Bianchi L; Knoblauch M; Manyemen General Hospital, Cameroon.
In a prospective study, 102 hospital patients with liver disease were evaluated in West Cameroon , Africa. Blood donors, pregnant women and patients without liver disease served as controls. A total of 757 individuals were tested for markers of hepatitis A, B, C and D and for immu
Transplantation. 1995 Oct 15;60(7):695-702. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96029805
Field EH; Rouse TM; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine,; Iowa City, USA.
Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) treatment represents a model of acquired tolerance, as TLI-treated mice develop donor-specific tolerance when exposed to alloantigens shortly after completing TLI. To determine whether immunoredirection plays a role in immunologic tolerance in TLI, we examined whether antigen priming i
Transplantation. 1995 Oct 15;60(7):707-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96029807
Gorczynski RM; Rossi-Bergman B; Sullivan B; Chen Z; MRC Program Project Group, Department of Surgery, Toronto General; Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
C3H/HeJ mice received multiple minor histoincompatible skin grafts (B10.BR) after portal or lateral tail vein injection of irradiated B10.BR spleen cells. Some mice were additionally injected with a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine [NMMA]). Skin graft survival was extended foll
Barchielli A; Buiatti E; Galanti C; Lazzeri V; Tuscany Cancer Registry/Epidemiology Unit, Center for the Study; and Prevention of Cancer, Florence, Italy.
The role of the Tuscany population-based Cancer Registry (TCR) in the assessment of cancer incidence in AIDS patients, and the completeness of cancer reporting to the Italian AIDS surveillance system (RAIDS) was evaluated through a linkage between the TCR and the RAIDS in the period 1985-90. In the Province of Florenc
Ugeskr Laeger. 1995 Oct 9;157(41):5701-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96027186
Hedberg JC; Gaub J; Medicinsk afdeling, Centralsygehuset i Esbjerg.
During 11 months from July 1993 to May 1994 the Department of Internal Medicine at Esbjerg Centralsygehus saw 19 patients with acute hepatitis A, B and/or C. In a normal year one to three patients are admitted with acute viral hepatitis. Sixteen of the patients reported intravenous drug use, half of them only sporadic
Segarra J; Chechile G; Sole Balcells F; Service of Urology, Fundacion Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.
Disseminated aspergillosis is a systemic fungal infection that may occur in previously healthy or immunocompromised patients. The condition, although rare, is being recognized with increasing frequency in persons with the human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical genitourinary involvement is unusual. We present a case of
Vet Microbiol. 1995 Jul;45(2-3):259-67. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96037974
Sibille P; Avrameas A; Moraillon A; Richardson J; Sonigo P; Pancino G; Strosberg AD; Institut Cochin de Genetique Moleculaire, Unite; d'Immunopharmacologie moleculaire et genetique des virus, CNRS; UPR 415, Paris, France.
A new enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus was compared with previously described ELISAs. Serum samples from 184 infected or uninfected cats were tested using a whole virus lysate kit and ELISAs based on recognition of one of two synthetic peptides
Virology. 1995 Oct 1;212(2):331-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96010205
Mahalingam S; Collman RG; Patel M; Monken CE; Srinivasan A; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jefferson Cancer; Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia,; Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
Vpr is a conserved HIV-1 auxiliary protein that localizes to the nuclear region of cells. Vpr is also present in virions, and it is directed into the assembling virus when coexpressed with Gag. Each of these two localization activities may be important for Vpr function, and we recently identified regions of Vpr that a
Virology. 1995 Oct 1;212(2):367-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/M17739
Bundy LM; Ru M; Zheng BF; Cheng L; Pattengale PK; Portis JL; Fan H; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of; California at Irvine 92717, USA.
Characterization of the SRS murine retrovirus complex, derived from the TSZ system of murine leukemia developed in China , was carried out. The initial stock contained XC+, NB-tropic virus (and possibly other viruses), and induced several neoplastic diseases in neonatally inoculated
Virology. 1995 Oct 1;212(2):392-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96010211
Dittmer U; Nisslein T; Bodemer W; Petry H; Sauermann U; Stahl-Hennig C; Hunsmann G; Department for Virology and Immunology, German Primate Center,; Gottingen.
To date the vaccines most successful in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of AIDS are live attenuated viruses. However, the virus-specific immune response induced after infection of monkeys with attenuated SIV has not been described comprehensively. Therefore, we investigated the cellular immune response o
Virology. 1995 Oct 1;212(2):451-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96010217
Chowers MY; Pandori MW; Spina CA; Richman DD; Guatelli JC; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Recent data on the phenotype of nef-defective HIV-1 in vitro indicate a new function of the Nef gene product: enhancement of viral infectivity. Single-cycle replication studies have suggested that Nef enhances the efficiency of an early step during viral replication, a step that leads to the establishment of viral DNA
Virology. 1995 Oct 1;212(2):458-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/U19595
Lane TE; Buchmeier MJ; Watry DD; Jakubowski DB; Fox HS; Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La; Jolla, California 92037, USA.
The pathogenic effects of HIV include infection of the central nervous system (CNS) which can result in cognitive and motor dysfunction. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques provides an excellent model of HIV-induced disease. We have achieved a reproducible infection of the CNS using a stoc
Virology. 1995 Oct 1;212(2):481-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96010221
Milligan GN; Bernstein DI; Division of Clinical Virology, James N. Gamble Institute of; Medical Research, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, USA.
A murine model of genital infection with a thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was utilized to examine the development of the local T cell response in the genital mucosa and draining genital lymph nodes (gLN). HSV-specific cytokine-secreting T cells were detected in the gLN 4
Virology. 1995 Oct 1;212(2):718-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96010245
Berkowitz RD; Hammarskjold ML; Helga-Maria C; Rekosh D; Goff SP; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia; University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
The location and nature of the HIV-1 packaging signal are largely unknown, despite several genetic and biochemical mutational analyses. In this report we present our attempts to define a minimal HIV-1 packaging signal through the generation of test RNAs containing small blocks of HIV-1 sequences. We constructed RNAs d
Virology. 1995 Oct 1;212(2):728-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/L43129
Suarez DL; Whetstone CA; National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agriculture Research; Service, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
The surface envelope (SU) gene of nine different isolates of the bovine lentivirus (BIV) were compared for nucleotide and deduced amino acid (aa) sequence diversity. Analyses were done both on isolates derived from the original reference strain, R29, and on field isolates of BIV. Six conserved and six hypervariable re
West J Med. 1995 Aug;163(2):139-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96009354
Granich R; Jacobs B; Mermin J; Pont A; Dept of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San; Francisco 94115, USA.
There is a high incidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in many Caribbean nations. But by 1993 Cuba , with a population of greater than 10 million people, had fewer than 1,000 seropositive persons and less than 200 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency synd
Jankowska M; Szwarc A; Lemanska M; Zielinska W; Centrum Diagnostyczno-Kliniczne wojewodztwa gdanskiego przy; Klinice Chorob Zakaznych Ak. Med. w Gdansku.
From 1985 to the end of 1993, 15,000 investigations were performed in total, for HIV infection in the Province of Gdansk. Positive results of the tests were found in 316 persons, over 60% of whom being intravenous drug-addicts. In the group of persons reporting the possibility of infection through sexual contacts, the
Kasprzak W; Majewska AC; Katedra Biologii i Parazytologii Lekarskiej AM, Poznan.
The authors present the actual review on several publications concerning the molecular characterizations of the viruses found in parasitic protozoa such as Giardia, Trichomonas, Leishmania and Entamoeba histolytica. All of the RNA viruses observed in parasitic protozoa showed several similarities and did not considera
Demedts M; Van den Brande P; Gyselen A; Dienst Longziekten U.Z. Gasthuisberg Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven.
Tuberculosis (tb) mortality, morbidity and infection prevalence were very high in Belgium and in the other industrialised countries during the previous century, and the first half of this century. Therefore tb was an export pathology, especially towards developing countries. At th
Seifried E; Soedel G; Institut fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunohamatologie,; Blutspendedienst Hessen des DRK Frankfurt am Main.
The safety of blood and blood components in transfusion medicine has become a very important factor. While diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures need an increasing amount of special blood products, increasing demands on safety result in a reduction of blood donations. Considerable costs are caused by the requi
Howlett WP; Nkya WM; Kvale G; Nilssen S; Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.
Following earlier observations on the snout (SR) and palmomental(PMR) reflexes in AIDS in Tanzania , a series of 1127 adults, 649 HIV-positive and 478 HIV-negative, from 4 groups at different risk of HIV infection were examined neurologically between 1987 and 1992. The prevalence
Cupler EJ; Danon MJ; Jay C; Hench K; Ropka M; Dalakas MC; Neuromuscular Diseases Section, National Institute of; Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892-1382, USA.
Zidovudine-induced myopathy is characterized by reversible muscle weakness, wasting, myalgia, fatigue, and elevated creatine kinase (CK). Some zidovudine-treated patients with normal muscle strength experience excessive fatigue, myalgia, or transient mild CK elevations that improve when zidovudine is stopped. To deter
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:101-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047241
Oyaizu N; McCloskey TW; Than S; Hu R; Pahwa S; Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital-Cornell; University Medical College, Manhasset, New York, New York 11030,; USA.
Lymphocytes from patients with HIV-infection have been shown to undergo accelerated spontaneous apoptosis. Binding of CD4 molecules by HIV envelope protein gp120 and anti-gp120 antibodies can lead to crosslinking of CD4 molecules (CD4XL) in vitro and conceivably in vivo. We have recently shown that CD4XL in vitro, whe
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:165-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047246
Zinkernagel RM; University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology,; Switzerland.
HIV is basically a non- or poorly cytocidal virus. Therefore, HIV infections in humans represent an apparent perversity in the balance between the host immune system and infectious agent: This noncytopathic virus infects macrophages, antigen presenting cells, helper T cells and other host cells which are then destroye
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:17-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047234
Peakman M; Mahalingam M; Pozniak A; McManus TJ; Phillips AN; Vergani D; Department of Immunology, King's College School of Medicine,; London, United Kingdom.
Immune cell activation is a feature of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here we report our studies on a cohort of over 400 patients with HIV infection studied cross-sectionally and longitudinally to examine the relationship between markers of immune cell activation and disease progression. To exa
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:173-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047247
Cheynier R; Henrichwark S; Hadida F; Pelletier E; Oksenhendler E; Autran B; Wain-Hobson S; Unite de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris,; France.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and T cell proliferation was investigated in situ by a PCR based analysis of individual microdissected splenic white pulps. Founder effects, revealed by an exquisite compartmentalization of HIV genotypes and T cells, indicated the recruitment of latently infected CD4+ T c
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:183-201. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047248
Mountz JD; Cheng J; Su X; Wu J; Zhou T; University of Alabama, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, USA.
Autoimmunity and AIDS both share the common feature of increased expression of retroviral protein products and abnormal apoptosis of immune cells (81). This leads to a more global immunomodulatory defect (82-84). The challenge in the future will be to devise compounds that can either regulate the effect of the retrovi
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:203-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047249
Ascher MS; Sheppard HW; Krowka JF; Bremermann HJ; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department; of Health Services, Berkeley 94704, USA.
Immune system activation is gaining attention as a central part of HIV pathogenesis. Although there is no consensus yet as to the source of the signal or the result of the signalling, this line of thinking represents a significant shift in the paradigm away from considering HIV disease like any other cytopathic viral
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:211-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047250
Thomson AW; Bonham CA; Pittsburgh Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh; Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Theoretically, drugs that inhibit programmed cell death could be used to inhibit the increased apoptotic decay of lymphocyte populations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The concept that immunopathologic processes cause immune suppression provides a further rationale for the use of agents such as cyclo
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:229-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047252
Levy R; Jais JP; Tourani JM; Even P; Andrieu JM; Departement de Medecine Interne, Hopital Laennec, Faculte; Necker, Paris, France.
The data of the 27 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive patients with CD4+ cell count between 300 and 600/microliters treated by Cyclosporin A (CSA) (7.5 mg/kg/day) in our institution between October 1985 and 1987 were reviewed in October 1993. Hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, total lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ cell
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:27-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047235
Zack JA; Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
Infection of quiescent lymphocytes with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) does not result in production of progeny virus. We have previously reported that although HIV-1 can enter quiescent lymphocytes with high efficiency, the reverse transcription process does not go to completion. This results in a viral
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:33-45. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047236
Stevenson M; Brichacek B; Heinzinger N; Swindells S; Pirruccello S; Janoff E; Emerman M; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha 68198-5120, USA.
Research is beginning to yield insight into determinants which govern cell cycle dependence of provirus establishment by the onco-retroviruses. In the case of HIV-1, nucleophilic components associated with the viral preintegration complex facilitate mitosis independent nuclear localization of viral DNA and provirus es
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;374:57-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96047238
van Lunzen J; Schmitz J; Dengler K; Kuhlmann C; Schmitz H; Dietrich M; Clinical Medicine Section, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical; Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
We report on the preclinical results of an immunotherapeutic approach of AIDS mediated by ex vivo propagated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. A mean yield of 6.23 x 10(9) lymphocytes, containing 1.82 x 10(9) CD4+, 3.23 x 10(9) CD8+ T-lymphocytes and 8.39 x 10(6) CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) were be obtained by
Ravel S; Cuny G; Reynes J; Veas F; Laboratoire Retrovirus-Parasites, Institut Francais de; Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en Cooperation; (ORSTOM), Montpellier, France.
We have developed a highly sensitive, simple and rapid procedure to detect Leishmania infantum within human macrophages. It only requires ficoll preparation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient, and their direct use for Leishmania kDNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction. Under these condition
Am Heart J. 1995 Oct;130(4):823-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96021220
Samaan SA; Foster A; Raizada V; Schade DS; Koster F; Crawford MH; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health; Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
This study evaluated the effects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting syndrome (AWS) on the heart in a population free of overt opportunistic infection or clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Data from 53 patients with AWS and 16 healthy age-matched controls were studied. By echocardiography, a significant r
Tierno PM Jr; Inglima K; Parisi MT; Department of Microbiology, New York University Medical Center,; New York, NY 10016, USA.
Bartonella henselae was isolated from the blood of five febrile immunosuppressed patients using BacT/Alert (Organon Teknika, Durham, NC) automated microbial detection system. An immunofluorescence assay (using 1:1000 dilutions) was used to confirm identification of fastidious, pleomorphic, non-Gram staining, argyrophi
Am J Gastroenterol. 1995 Oct;90(10):1776-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023250
Surawicz CM; Critchlow C; Sayer J; Hurt C; Hawes S; Kirby P; Goldbaum G; Kiviat N; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of; Medicine, Seattle, USA.
BACKGROUND: Anal cancer and anal human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection are increased in homosexual men. METHODS: We screened high risk homosexual men as part of a longitudinal study examining the effect of HIV infection on the risk of development of high grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN II, III). RESULTS: We f
Am J Gastroenterol. 1995 Oct;90(10):1890-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023277
Pouderoux P; Barbuat C; Said HO; Balmes JL; Service d'Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Hopital Caremeau, Centre; Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Nimes, France.
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Oct 1;142(7):709-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96009972
Brookmeyer R; Quinn T; Shepherd M; Mehendale S; Rodrigues J; Bollinger R; Department of Biostatistics, School of Hygiene and Public Health,; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rates in India were estimated using a new method that accounts for follow-up bias. Follow-up bias arises in epidemiologic cohort studies when the incidence rate among individuals who do and do not return for follow-up are different. The n
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Oct 1;142(7):714-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96009973
Matheson PB; Weedon J; Cappelli M; Abrams EJ; Shaffer N; Bamji M; Krasinski K; Lambert G; Kaul A; Grimm K; et al; Medical and Health Research Association of New York City, Inc.,; NY.
Four methods of estimating mother-to-child transmission rates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), based on the 1992 Ghent workshop, were compared in a multicenter New York City prospective cohort study in 1986-1992. Of 833 infants born to women at risk of HIV-1 infection, 388 were born HIV-1 seropositive a
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Oct 1;142(7):719-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96009974
McFarland W; Fischer-Ponce L; Katz MH; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San; Francisco, USA.
The authors assessed the characteristics of repeat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testers at publicly funded sites in San Francisco. During 1992-1993, 31% of all HIV tests were performed on persons testing negative for the third time or more. Persons with greater numbers of prior negative tests were less likely to
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Oct 15;142(8):864-74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96017410
Friedman SR; Jose B; Deren S; Des Jarlais DC; Neaigus A; National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, NY; 10013, USA.
From 1988 to 1991, 6,882 drug injectors in 15 US cities were interviewed and had serum samples collected. The interviews and samples were analyzed for determination of significant predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion in the 10 low seroprevalence cities and the five high seroprevalence cities
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Oct 15;142(8):875-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96017411
Ostrow DG; DiFranceisco WJ; Chmiel JS; Wagstaff DA; Wesch J; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College; of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53202, USA.
This paper focuses on 76 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconverters who concurrently participated in the Chicago, Illinois, component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Coping and Change Study (CCS) of homosexual/bisexual men between 1984 and 1992. A nested case-control analysis was pe
Am J Hematol. 1995 Oct;50(2):84-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96016354
Torok TJ; Holman RC; Chorba TL; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease; Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disease and the epidemiologic features have been incompletely characterized. Because of the historically high case-fatality rate for TTP, we analyzed U.S. multiple cause-of-death mortality data with TTP listed on the death record for the period 1968-1991, in order to
Kain ZN; Mayes LC; Pakes J; Rosenbaum SH; Schottenfeld R; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine,; Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT 06510, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of cocaine-associated thrombocytopenia. STUDY DESIGN: This cohort study was conducted in an inner-city prenatal center. A total of 1907 patients were screened by the Mother s Project, which is an intervention project for inner-city cocaine-abusing parturients. Pla
Am J Ophthalmol. 1995 Oct;120(4):539-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96011500
Muccioli C; Belfort Junior R; Neves R; Rao N; Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao; Paulo-Paulista School of Medicine, Brazil.
PURPOSE: A 30-year-old patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had limbal nodules and multifocal choroidal lesions. METHODS: A biopsy of the limbal nodules was performed. RESULTS: The biopsy showed Cryptococcus neoformans surrounded by thick mucinous capsules without inflammatory cell infiltration.
Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Oct;152(10):1504-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96021161
Markowitz JC; Klerman GL; Clougherty KF; Spielman LA; Jacobsberg LB; Fishman B; Frances AJ; Kocsis JH; Perry SW 3rd; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New; York, NY 10021, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The authors present preliminary data from two treatment modalities of a randomized clinical trial in which they compared 16-week interventions of interpersonal psychotherapy to supportive psychotherapy. METHOD: HIV-positive patients who were not acutely medically ill and had scores of 15 or higher on the Ha
Am J Public Health. 1995 Oct;85(10):1366-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96025004
Bevier PJ; Chiasson MA; Hefferman RT; Castro KG; New York City Department of Health, NY 10013, USA.
OBJECTIVES. This study compares characteristics, behaviors, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women who reported same-sex contact and women who had sex only with men. METHODS. Participants were patients attending a New York City sexually transmitted disease clinic. Structured questionnaires were admi
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Sep;53(3):278-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96033014
Konishi E; Kurane I; Mason PW; Innis BL; Ennis FA; Department of Medical Zoology, Kobe University School of; Medicine, Japan.
The T lymphocytes play an important role in prevention and recovery from viral infections. To characterize T lymphocyte responses to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infections, we analyzed JE virus-specific T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from seven JE patients and 10 vaccinees who
Am J Surg. 1995 Oct;170(4):341-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96013294
Carrillo EH; Carrillo LE; Byers PM; Ginzburg E; Martin L; Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida, USA.
BACKGROUND: Several recent publications have suggested that emergency surgery in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 21 patients with AIDS at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical
Taylor AN; Tio DL; Chiappelli F; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of; California-Los Angeles School of Medicine 90024-1763, USA.
Restriction of food availability is a reliable stimulus that leads to significant hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation to which rats do not habituate. Based on our previous data that indicated that the HPA response to some, but not all, stressful stimuli is significantly greater in adult offspring of Sprague
Cook RT; Ballas ZK; Waldschmidt TJ; Vandersteen D; LaBrecque DR; Cook BL; Department of Pathology, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Iowa; City, Iowa 52246, USA.
Direct and indirect evidence indicates that T cells are altered in alcoholics. The most commonly reported changes under direct examination have been consistent with an increased level of activation as reflected by shifts in the ratio of common leukocyte antigen isoforms expressed at the cell surface, by increases in t
Meyerhoff DJ; MacKay S; Sappey-Marinier D; Deicken R; Calabrese G; Dillon WP; Weiner MW; Fein G; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Magnetic Resonance; Spectroscopy Unit, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
We examined the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and chronic alcohol consumption on cerebral phosphorus metabolites to determine if chronic alcohol abuse is a risk factor for the progression of neurological effects of HIV infection. We studied 15 HIV- alcoholics, 8 HIV- light/nondrinkers, 32 HIV
Anal Biochem. 1995 May 20;227(2):295-301. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023410
Lee SP; Censullo ML; Kim HG; Knutson JR; Han MK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown; University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Retroviruses require viral DNA to be synthesized by reverse transcription in the cytoplasm followed by integration of the resulting viral DNA into the host chromosome in the nucleus. Reverse transcription and integration, essential steps in the life cycle of retroviruses, are possible targets in the development of ant
Binding of drugs to serum albumin is one of the most important pharmacokinetic determinants and the design of drugs should take advantage of this property. In the present work, the fluorescent ligands Warfarin and dansylsulfonamide were used as probes of IIA site of human albumin and dansylsarcosine as the probe of th
Am J Vet Res. 1995 Jul;56(7):841-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96039854
Clavijo A; Thorsen J; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, University; of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
The core protein and the transmembrane protein, encoded for the structural genes gag and env, respectively, of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus were amplified by use of polymerase chain reaction, cloned into a pGEX-2T vector, and expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with the glutathione S-transferase a
Ann Intern Med. 1995 Nov 1;123(9):641-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96011271
Saksela K; Stevens CE; Rubinstein P; Taylor PE; Baltimore D; Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To establish human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a marker of risk for progression to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a large cohort of HIV-infected persons followed for a prolonged period. DESIGN: Retrospective
Ann Intern Med. 1995 Nov 1;123(9):715-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96011280
Makadon HJ; Silin JG; Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel; Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
More than a decade has passed since the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic began; our failure to develop an effective vaccine and adequate medical treatments indicates that future research and practice must work to prevent the spread of HIV. We review the lite
Cleary KR; Batsakis JG; Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer; Center, Houston, USA.
The worldwide increase in mycobacterial diseases, tuberculous and nontuberculous, and their association with human immunodeficiency virus infection has had and will continue to have an impact on the practice of otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons. Epidemiologic and ecologic changes in tuberculosis and nontuberculo
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1995 Jul;77(4):283-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96005724
Elem B; Ranjan P; School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka.
The results of a prospective study in the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia , on the impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on the incidence and prognosis of Fournier s gangrene is presented; Zambia has been in the grip of an HIV epidemic since the early 1980s. A total of
Ann Chir. 1995;49(5):403-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96010635
Johanet H; Antona D; Bouvet E; Service de Chirurgie Generale et Digestive, Hopital; Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris.
A multicentric prospective trial was conducted to evaluate the frequency and kind of blood exposure in operating room. From march to june 1992, 3554 procedures were observed in 22 surgical units (visceral, orthopaedic and vascular), with 129 surgeons, 133 residents and 216 nurses. Statistic analysis was done on Epi In
Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1995 May;24(3):442-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96022350
Lee SK; Tan KK; Chew SK; Snodgrass I; Department of Tuberculosis Control, Communicable Disease Centre,; Singapore.
In 1993, the World Health Organization declared tuberculosis a global emergency. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death attributable to a single infectious pathogen. One-third of the world s population are at risk of developing the disease. In countries confronted with the human im
Ann Neurol. 1995 Oct;38(4):563-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96001212
Brew BJ; Rosenblum M; Cronin K; Price RW; Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney,; Australia.
To evaluate the presence and distribution of central nervous system infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we used immunohistochemical methods to map the HIV-1 p24 core protein in the brains of 55 autopsied patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In a subset of 40 of these patients
Cundy KC; Petty BG; Flaherty J; Fisher PE; Polis MA; Wachsman M; Lietman PS; Lalezari JP; Hitchcock MJ; Jaffe HS; Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, USA.
The pharmacokinetics of cidofovir (HPMPC; (S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine) were examined at five dose levels in three phase I/II studies in a total of 42 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients (with or without asymptomatic cytomegalovirus infection). L
Ahgren C; Backro K; Bell FW; Cantrell AS; Clemens M; Colacino JM; Deeter JB; Engelhardt JA; Hogberg M; Jaskunas SR; et al; Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis,; Indiana, USA.
To identify the minimal structural elements necessary for biological activity, the rigid tricyclic nucleus of the known human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor tetrahydroimidazobenzodiazepinthione was subjected to systematic bond disconnection to obtain simpler structures. A ra
Vance E; Watson-Bitar M; Gustavson L; Kazanjian P; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston,; Massachusetts, USA.
The interrelationships between the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine alone and of zidovudine plus clarithromycin were evaluated with 18 volunteers with AIDS who had no infection with Mycobacterium avium complex or clinical evidence of gastroenteritis. Patients received 200 mg of zidovudine orally every 8 h on days 1 to 4
Hoggard PG; Veal GJ; Wild MJ; Barry MG; Back DJ; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of; Liverpool, United Kingdom.
We have investigated the effect of a range of drugs (some commonly coadministered with zidovudine [ZDV] to human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients) on intracellular phosphorylation of ZDV by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Molt 4 cells, and U937 cells in vitro. Of the drugs tested (azoles, antivi
Hayes MM; Foo HH; Timenetsky J; Lo SC; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Disease Pathology, Armed; Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C. 20306-6000, USA.
In vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma penetrans were determined. MICs and MBCs were determined. The MICs at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited (micrograms per milliliter) for broth dilution testing were as follows: azithromycin, 0.039; chloramphenicol, 0.625; ciprofloxacin, 0.156; clindamycin, 0.078; doxycyclin
Kimberlin DW; Crumpacker CS; Straus SE; Biron KK; Drew WL; Hayden FG; McKinlay M; Richman DD; Whitley RJ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham; 35233, USA.
Davis DA; Branca AA; Pallenberg AJ; Marschner TM; Patt LM; Chatlynne LG; Humphrey RW; Yarchoan R; Levine RL; Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood; Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; 20892-0320, USA.
The protease encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is essential for processing viral polyproteins which contain the enzymes and structural proteins required for the infectious virus. It was previously found that cupric chloride, in the presence of dithiothreitol or ascorbic acid, could inhibit the HIV-
Mahmoud YA; el Souod SM; Niehaus WG; Department of Biochemistry and Anaerobic Microbiology, Virginia; Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061,; USA.
The NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) was purified from Cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycetious yeast that is an opportunistic pathogen of AIDS patients. The purified enzyme was a dimer of 35 kDa subunits that exhibited uncompetitive substrate inhibition by oxalacetate, typical for mitochondrial mal
Chintu C; Athale UH; Patil PS; School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Department of; Paediatrics and Child Health, Lusaka.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related cancers in children are not as common and as well described as in adults. An HIV epidemic has been prevalent in Zambia since 1983-1984. To study the effect of the epidemic on the epidemiology of cancers in children a retrospective study wa
Hofman P; Mainguene C; Huerre M; Michiels JF; Galibert A; Caroli FX; Loubiere R; Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hopital Pasteur, Nice.
The authors report a case of a 35-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a left colonic mass with Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum). The look-up performed looking for disseminated infection was negative. In the absence of positive cultures, the diagnosis was determined morphologically bas
O'Sullivan ST; Lederer JA; Horgan AF; Chin DH; Mannick JA; Rodrick ML; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston,; Massachusetts, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Patients with serious traumatic injury and major burns and an animal model of burn injury were studied to determine the effect of injury on the production of cytokines typical of the T helper-2 lymphocyte phenotype as opposed to the T helper-1 phenotype and on the production of interleukin-12. SUMMARY BACKG
Morvan JM; Auregan G; Rasamindrakotroka AJ; de Ravel T; Roux JF; Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Tananarive.
In Madagascar , the estimated incidence of tuberculosis is high (320 per 100,000) when human immunodeficiency virus (VIH) infection progress slowly. The authors have studied HIV seroprevalence in a group of tubercular patients and in two reference groups (general population and
Moore RD; Keruly JC; Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md, USA.
BACKGROUND: In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, neutropenia occurs most commonly in patients who are also severely immunosuppressed. It is not currently known whether neutropenia is an independent risk factor for the development of bacterial infection, which is a potentially serious complication of advanced
Caiaffa WT; Graham NM; Galai N; Rizzo RT; Nelson KE; Vlahov D; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and; Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate stability of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test over time in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and HIV-seronegative injecting drug users. METHOD: A community-based cohort of injecting drug users who had serial skin testing with purified protein derivative tuberculin, mum
Garretto NS; Bueri JA; Kremenchutzky M; Consalvo D; Segura M; Genovese O; Division y Catedra de Neurologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires:; Hospital J. M. Ramos Mejia, Argentina.
Only 12 AIDS cases with hemichorea were reported in the literature. We report the first case of hemichorea associated with AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis in our country. A 26-year-old man had 3 episodes of focal seizures on the left side with subsequent loss of consciousness. A few weeks later, he noticed progressive
Gomes I; Nascimento MH; Moreno-Carvalho OA; Melo A; Unidade de Neuroinfectologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia; (UFBA), Salvador, Brasil.
A case of lymphomatous meningoencephalitis in a 23 year old Brazilian patient with HTLV-I/II associated myelopathy is reported. The patient was admitted to the hospital with a clinical picture of decreased consciousness level, stiffness of the neck and previous diagnosis of myeloneuropathy. CSF examination showed lymp
Camara VD; Tavares W; da Rocha MP; Chimelli LC; Dumas-Hahn M; Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade; Federal Fluminense (UFF), Brasil.
We performed a retrospective study of 154 patients with AIDS that presented lesions of the nervous system at necroscopic examination. Necropsies were performed in the Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro (Niteroi, Brazil ). We emphasize epidemiologic and clinical data, neuropatholog
Nagasawa T; Nitta H; Watanabe H; Ishikawa I; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical; and Dental University, Japan.
The peripheral blood T-cell phenotype of patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) was determined in order to investigate whether there were T-cell imbalances or not. Twenty patients aged 21-39 yr were selected for this study. Bone resorption and probing pocket depth were measured. All the patients had 10
Aust N Z J Surg. 1995 Sep;65(9):627-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96007381
Patz JA; Jodrey D; Division of Occupational Health, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene; and Public Health, Baltimore 21205-2179, USA.
Surgeons routinely work with potentially infectious materials. The risk of acquiring a disease from one percutaneous exposure is 0.3-0.4% for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 6-30% for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 2.7-10% for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Rates of blood contacts vary but may reach up to 11.9 per 100 h in
Dhein J; Walczak H; Westendorp MO; Baumler C; Stricker K; Frank R; Debatin KM; Krammer PH; Tumorimmunology Program, German Cancer Research Center,; Heidelberg.
The cell surface molecule APO-1/Fas(CD95), a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) receptor/Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) receptor superfamily mediates apoptosis upon cross-linking by agonistic antibodies or its ligand. Recent findings suggest that APO-1/Fas(CD95) and its ligand are the key molecules for antigen recep
Biochem J. 1995 Oct 1;311 ( Pt 1):175-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96003913
Thomas TJ; Gunnia UB; Seibold JR; Thomas T; Clinical Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of; New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick; 08903, USA.
We previously reported that difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, exerted significant beneficial effects on the lifespan and disease expression of MRL-lpr/lpr mice, which spontaneously develop a lupus-like syndrome. Polyamine levels in splenic T-cells of MRL-lpr/lpr mice were signific
Neyts J; Reymen D; Letourneur D; Jozefonvicz J; Schols D; Este J; Andrei G; McKenna P; Witvrouw M; Ikeda S; et al; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
The antiviral activity of water-soluble dextrans derivatized with varying percentages of carboxymethyl, benzylamide, and sulfonate groups was evaluated. Several of the polymers exhibited potent antiviral activity against a variety of enveloped viruses, but not against non-enveloped viruses, and only when present durin
Skalski V; Liu SH; Cheng YC; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine,; New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
A 3 -->5 exonuclease has been highly purified from the cytosol of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia H9 cells. The apparent molecular weight of this enzyme was approximately 50,000, as indicated by its sedimentation in glycerol gradients. The exonuclease did not copurify with DNA polymerase activity, required MgCl2 f
Gray NM; Marr CL; Penn CR; Cameron JM; Bethell RC; Department of Virology, Glaxo Research and Development Ltd.,; Stevenage, Hertfordshire, U.K.
(-)-2 -deoxy-3 -thiacytidine ( 3TC ) has been shown to be a potent, selective inhibitor of HIV replication in vitro, which requires phosphorylation to its 5 -triphosphate for antiviral activity. The intracellular concentration of 3TC 5 -triphosphate in
Tak PP; van der Lubbe PA; Cauli A; Daha MR; Smeets TJ; Kluin PM; Meinders AE; Yanni G; Panayi GS; Breedveld FC; University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE. To study the effect of chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy on synovial inflammation, in order to interpret the clinical experience with anti-CD4 treatment. METHODS. The immunohistologic features of synovial biopsy specimens before and 4 weeks after anti-CD4 MAb (cM-T412) therapy were studied
Muller-Ladner U; Kriegsmann J; Gay RE; Koopman WJ; Gay S; Chatham WW; University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0006, USA.
This article reports the case of a 63-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) whose symptoms of RA improved after the occurrence of a secondary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, the HIV infection did not affect the histologic parameters of joint destruction to the same extent as it did the
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