Immune response to sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS.

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1995. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Immune response to sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS.

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1995 Mar;2(2):199-204. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/95211635
Daftarian MP; Filion LG; Cameron W; Conway B; Roy R; Tropper F; Diaz-Mitoma F; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa,; Ontario, Canada.

Abstract: Antibody- and cell-mediated responses to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were analyzed in AIDS patients with or without a history of hypersensitivity and in negative controls. In 20 of 20 (P < 0.01) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients with skin reactions to cotrimoxazole, we found SMX-specific antibodies, while only 9 of 20 and 17 of 20 HIV-seropositive patients without a history of hypersensitivity to cotrimoxazole had SMX-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, respectively. The levels of specific IgM and IgG were higher in patients with skin reactions than in patients without reactions (IgM, 1.0 +/- 0.19 versus 0.47 +/- 0.23 [P < 0.001]; IgG, 0.68 +/- 0.15 versus 0.47 +/- 0.14 [P < 0.001] [mean optical density values +/- standard deviations]). Seronegative controls with no history of exposure to sulfa compounds did not have SMX-specific IgG or IgM antibodies, and controls with a history of intake of SMX with or without reactions had low levels of IgG and IgM. The SMX-specific IgG subclasses were exclusively IgG1 and IgG3. None of the patients had detectable SMX-specific IgE or IgA antibodies nor did they exhibit a cell-mediated response as measured by a lymphocyte proliferation assay. Antibodies to SMX recognized N-acetyl-sulfonamide, N-(2-thiazolyl)-sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, and sulfisoxazole but did not recognize sulfanilamide or 3-amino-5-methyl isoxazole in an inhibition assay. It is not known whether the SMX-specific antibodies associated with hypersensitivity reactions to SMX in HIV-seropositive patients have a pathogenic role in these reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*IMMUNOLOGY Adult Antibody Formation/DRUG EFFECTS Antibody Specificity Drug Hypersensitivity/ETIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY Haptens/ANALYSIS Human IgG/METABOLISM IgM/METABOLISM Immunity, Cellular/DRUG EFFECTS Infant Lymphocyte Transformation/DRUG EFFECTS Lymphocytes/DRUG EFFECTS/IMMUNOLOGY Sulfamethoxazole/*ADVERSE EFFECTS/BLOOD Sulfonamides/IMMUNOLOGY/PHARMACOLOGY Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ METABOLISM/THERAPEUTIC USE JOURNAL ARTICLE
950730
M9570898

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