1995

New research program for children with AIDS. [videorecording]: [Bethesda, Md. : NIAID, 1988] 1 videocassette (10 min.) : sd., col. ; 3/4 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9510610; Fauci AS
Ethical considerations. [videorecording]: [United States] : American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, c1993 1 videocassette (30 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in (Video continuing education series ; A302V) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9505103; Cassidy R
Sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. [videorecording]: Bethesda, MD : BioConferences International, c1993 1 videocassette (1 hr., 27 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9442109; Carpenter CB
Medical update I. [videorecording]: [United States] : Burroughs Wellcome, c1995 1 videocassette (1 hr.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 leaflet Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9511815; Saag MS; Kessler H
Now that you know : living healthy with HIV. 1995 update. [videorecording]: [California] : Kaiser, c1995 4 videocassettes (187 min., 44 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 guide (28 p.) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9514304; Bunker J
Pediatric/family HIV health care demonstration grant program : clients served, 1988-1990.: Newark, N.J. : National Pediatric HIV Resource Center, [1992] iv, 36 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9512948; Harvey DC
UNDP rapid assessment study on socio-cultural factors relating to HIV/AIDS : sustaining sexual behavioural patterns : Kampala, Masaka, and Mbarara District : (enabling development of targeted IEC messages for AIDS prevention).: [Kampala] : UNDP, [1992] v, 36 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9409210; Kirumira EK
AIDS in South Africa : the myth and the reality.: London, England ; New York, N.Y., USA : Penguin Books, 1992 iv, 87 p. : ill (Penguin forum series) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9516014; Crewe M
[Ai tzu ping fang chih chih shih wen ta 113.] Ti 1 pan.: [Canton] : Kuang-tung chiao yu ch'u pan she, 1993 2, 2, 6, 106 p (Liu hsing ping fang chih chih shih hsiao ts'ung shu) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9513254; Yang C
AIDS, cancer, and the medical establishment. Rev. ed.: New York : Trizoid Press, c1993 185 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9513141; Brown RK
Recent HIV seroprevalence levels by country : December 1993.: [Washington, D.C.] : Health Studies Branch, Center for International Research, U.S. Bureau of the Census, [1993] v, 42 p. : ill (Research note / Health Studies Branch ; no. 11) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9508023
[Approche de la prevention du SIDA en milieu nocturne : recherche aupres des populations a risque, en particulier des toxicomanes du Canton de Vaud.]: Morges : Association du Relais, c1993 116 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9514233; Andre G
HIV/AIDS work group on health care access issues for women.: Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Health Resources and Services Administration, [1993?] 64 p (DHHS publication ; no. HRSA-RD-SP-93-7) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9512334
Culturally competent HIV counseling and education. 1st ed.: McLean, VA : Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse, 1994 vi, 92 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9512949; Randall-David E
Pediatric HIV/AIDS case management : defining issues.: [Brooklyn, N.Y.] : The Network, [1994] 26 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9512947
AIDS news alert.: Silver Spring, MD : CD Publications, v Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9502008
Baseline survey : Lilongwe and Blantyre districts : youth and AIDS.: [Malawi] : University of Malawi, Centre for Social Research, [1994] v, 78 leaves : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9512248; Mc Auliffe E
Trends and patterns of HIV/AIDS infection in selected developing countries : country profiles, December 1994.: Washington, DC : Health Studies Branch, International Programs Center, Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, [1994] 1 v. upaged : ill (Research note / Health Studies Branch, International Programs Center, Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census ; no. 16) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9508027; Corbin J
[A:AIDS no Brasil, 1982-1992.]: Rio de Janeiro : ABIA, c1994 360 p. : ill (Colecao Historia social da AIDS ; no. 2) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9507513; Parker RG
[Hat AIDS einen Sinn? : Behandlungsmoglichkeiten der HIV-Infektion auf der Grundlage tiefenpsychologischer Imaginationsmethoden.] Erstaufl.: Maur-Zurich : IKOS-Verlag, c1994 119 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9510858; Roth RF
AI:DS, dentistry, and the illusion of infection control : questioning the HIV hypothesis.: Lewiston : Mellen University Press, c1995 viii, 341 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9516112; Hardie J
Borrowed time : a surgeon's struggle with transfusion-induced AIDS.: Oakville, Ontario ; Buffalo, N.Y. : Mosaic Press, 1995 xv, 153 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9515497; Messenger OJ
A:dynamic model and a treatment for AIDS. 2nd ed.: Kokkedal, Denmark : MediDent Pub., 1995 126 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9512852; Tranberg F
Progress and challenges in linking incarcerated individuals with HIV/AIDS to community services.: Office of Science and Epidemiology [Rockville, Md.?] : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Health Resources & Services Administration, Bureau of Health Resources Development, [1995] 121 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9514616
HIV infection in children : a guide to practical management.: Cambridge ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 1995 xiv, 313 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9514620; Mok JY; Newell M
Transacting functions of human retroviruses.: Berlin ; New York : Springer-Verlag, c1995 viii, 239 p. : ill (Current topics in microbiology and immunology ; ISSN 0070-217X 193) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9513696; Chen I
Women resisting AIDS : feminist strategies of empowerment.: Philadelphia : Temple University Press, c1995 xii, 339 p. : ill (Health, society, and policy) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9513545; Schneider B; Stoller NE
Biologically active stilbene derivatives from Picea abies bark by isolation and modification.: Diss Abstr Int [C]; 55(4):1226 1994. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95615324; Mannila E; Jyvaskylan Yliopisto, Finland; Picea abies bark has a relatively high stilbene content. Resveratrol, piceatannol, isorhapontigenin, astringin and isorhapontin were isolated and identified as the main stilbenes, and the proportion of each relative to total stilbenes was determined. Stilbene, bibenzyl and 1,2-diphenylethanol derivatives were prepared
Liposomal delivery of anti-neoplastic drugs: preparation, characterization and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity.: Diss Abstr Int [B]; 55(6):2172 1994. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95615339; Sharma A; State Univ. of New York at Buffalo; Liposome-based formulation of certain antineoplastic agents may provide an opportunity to increase the antitumor efficacy and/or therapeutic index of the agents. In this research work we have prepared, characterized and evaluated several liposome formulations of two anticancer drugs, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PA
Activation of NF-kappa-B by the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein (LMP1).: Diss Abstr Int [B]; 55(6):2076 1994. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95615342; Chien M; State Univ. of New York at Buffalo; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is strongly associated with two human malignant diseases, Burkitt s lymphoma and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and has been shown to be the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. In vitro, EBV is able to infect and transform human B-lymphocytes into immortalized cell lines.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of novel nucleoside analogs as potential anti-tumor and anti-viral agents.: Diss Abstr Int [B]; 55(6):2219 1994. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95615355; Chen X; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; The goal of this research is to develop two series of novel nucleoside analogs as potential antitumor and antiviral agents. All synthesized compounds were screened for cytotoxicity using the SV-28 tumor cell line and their antiviral activity was tested against HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus-1 by plaque reduction assay
A biochemical and functional analysis of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I long terminal repeat region.: Diss Abstr Int [B]; 55(6):2099 1994. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95615370; Tillmann ME; Pennsylvania State Univ.; Although HTLV-I is a documented etiologic agent of ATL and TSP, the host and viral factors operative during these oncogenic and neuropathogenic processes remain undefined. The HTLV-I-encoded transcriptional trans-activator of the HTLV-I LTR region, Tax, cannot bind directly to DNA suggesting that Tax mediates enhancem
Gene therapeutics: methods and applications of direct gene transfer.: Gene Therapeutics: Methods and Applications of Direct Gene Transfer. Wolff JA, eds. Boston, Birkhauser, 417 p., 1994.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95616327; Anonymous; No affiliation given; Gene therapy could be used not only to treat single gene defects, but also for many other disorders such as cancer and degenerative neurologic disease. Early attempts at gene therapy involved the indirect approach of modifying cells in culture and then transplanting them back in the body, but this book focuses on dire
HIV-associated malignancies in children: a survey of the Childrens Cancer Group (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 36:A1678 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95609453; Rabkin CS; Robison LL; Buckley J; Meadows AT; Nicholson HS; NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892; In adults, HIV infection is known to increase the incidence of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) and Kaposi s sarcoma; the incidence of other tumors is relatively unaffected. To determine if children have a different pattern of HIV-associated malignancies, we examined the experience of
Preclinical pharmacology of novel rain forest-derived anti-HIV compounds: costatolide (NSC-661122), 7,8-dihydrocostatolide (NSC-661123) and calanolide A (NSC-664737) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 36:A1858 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95609633; Newman RA; Madden T; Univ. Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Costatolide (C), dihydrocostatolide (DC) and calanolide A (CalA), derived from natural products, have demonstrated potent in vitro anti-HIV activity. As part of their preclinical development, analytical HPLC assays were developed for all three compounds. These have been applied to determination of pharmacokinetics in
Endogenous IL-10 is a protective factor in drug resistant AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 36:A1920 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95609695; Demidem A; Lam D; Gan XH; Levine A; Salahuddin Z; Bonavida B; Department of Microbiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles,; CA 90024; The objective of this study is to investigate mechanisms of resistance of ARL. Three EBV+ ARL B cell lines were established in culture. These cell lines are resistant to a variety of cytotoxic agents but IFN-gamma pretreatment renders these cells sensitive to those agents. IFN-gamma downregulated both TNF-alpha and IL
Mathematical modeling of biodistribution of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 36:A2166 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95609941; Liu T; Lu Z; Diasio RB; Agrawal S; Zhang R; Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294; A 25-mer antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate (PS-oligonucleotide) has been demonstrated to have anti-HIV activity in various assay models. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of this PS-oligonucleotide have recently been determined in rats by iv bolus administration of 35S-labeled PS-oligonucleotide (Zhan
Preclinical pharmacology of the HIV protease inhibitor, DG35 (NSC 654021) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 36:A2170 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95609945; Walker DL; Reid JM; Ames MM; Dept. of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; DG35 is a synthetic, HIV protease inhibitor under investigation by NCI as a potential anti-HIV agent. We have developed an HPLC assay for DG35 and characterized murine pharmacokinetics. DG35 was stable in organic solvents, pH7 and pH10 buffers, and biological fluids, but was susceptible to rapid hydrolysis under acidi
A retrospective review of 56 patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: Outcomes of radiation alone versus combined modality treatment (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A297 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613451; Kiehl R; Roberts H; Kim J; Cardinale J; Knowlton A; Knisely J; Dept. Therapeutic Radiology, Yale Univ., School of Medicine, New; Haven, CT 06510; A total of 56 cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) were seen at Yale-New Haven Hospital and 2 affiliate teaching hospitals from 1970-1993. Pathologic diagnosis was confirmed by a single neuropathologist. Our charts and hospital records were reviewed to exclude systemic lymphoma and to obtain data o
Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of primary central nervous system and intraocular lymphoma (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A306 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613460; Stark-Vancs V; Setser A; Kohler D; Heiss J; Nussenblatt R; Whitcup S; deSmet M; Jaffe E; Solomon D; Patronas N; et al; NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892; Eleven patients (pts) with primary CNS non-Hodgkin s lymphoma , or primary intraocular lymphoma with CNS metastases, all HIV-, were treated on a protocol of combination chemotherapy. Nine pts were treated on a pilot study of iv high-dose methotrexate (MTX) with leucovorin rescue, vi
Cell cycle kinetics and DNA ploidy in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A342 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613496; Danova M; DeRenzis MR; Benazzo M; Corbella F; Mazzini G; Riccardi A; Ascari E; Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Univ. and IRCCS S.; Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Cell cycle kinetics and DNA ploidy may add prognostic information in HNSCC and provide a rationale for improving the results of radio (RT) or chemotherapy (CT). We have addressed these points using the in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) coupled with bivariate (DNA/BUDR) flow cytometry in a series of 232
Phase II study of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin (LV) and azidodeoxythymidine (AZT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A557 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613710; Clark JW; Beitz J; Cummings F; Sikov W; Browne M; Akerley W; Wanebo H; Weitberg AB; Kennedy T; Bigley J; Darnowski JD; Brown University Clinical Oncology Group, Providence, RI 02908; AZT is a thymidine nucleoside analog presently used in treating HIV infected patients. Although AZT by itself has limited antineoplastic efficacy, experimental studies have demonstrated that the combination of 5-FU and AZT results in significant tumor
A phase I/II trial of adoptive immunotherapy using autologous activated macrophages (AAM) in patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A577 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613730; Eymard JC; Lopez M; Bernard J; Adjizian JC; Di Borgo CP; Cattan A; Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France; Background and purpose: AAM have been shown to kill malignant cells in vitro and to migrate into the tumor in animal models (Fidler, Bartholeyns) and human beings (Stevenson, Faradji). A trial was undertaken in pts in order to evaluate AAM clinical tolerance, efficacy and biological effects. Pts and methods: For ethic
Cancer gene therapy using a cytokine, IL-12 and a costimulatory signal molecule B7.1 (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A583 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613736; Zitvogel L; Tahara H; Robbins PD; Davis G; Lotze MT; Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine produced by macrophages and B lymphocytes with important regulatory functions in vitro and in vivo. It directly stimulates activated NK and T cells to produce high levels of IFN gamma, enhances their cytolytic activity and promotes maturation of Th1 cells. IL-12 is a critical agent to
Phase I/II study of iv recombinant platelet factor 4 (rPF4) in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A820 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613972; Northfelt DW; Robles R; Lang W; Wagner B; Kahn J; Bonnem E; University of California, San Francisco, CA; Platelet factor 4, a normal constituent of platelet alpha granules, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis in several preclinical models. Previous studies showed that rPF4 was well-tolerated and effective in persons with AIDS-KS when given by intralesional injection in doses up to 5 mg. In these studies responses were seen a
Multicenter phase II study of mitoguazone (MGBG) in relapsed or refractory AIDS-lymphoma (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A821 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613973; Levine AM; Weiss GR; Tulpule A; Kaplan L; Giles F; Luskey BD; Scadden DT; Pearce T; Silverberg I; Busquets A; et al; USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Methyl-glyoxal-bis guanlhydrazone (MGBG) is a novel cytotoxic agent which interferes with polyamine biosynthesis, thought important in the stabilization of DNA. MGBG was used in the early 1980s given daily or weekly with responses seen in 29-40% in de novo lymphoma although toxicity was significant. With a long T1/2
Opportunistic infection (OI) in patients with HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated with infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and etoposide (CDE): a case control study (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A823 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613975; Sparano JA; Wiernik PH; Hu XP; Sarta C; Dutcher JP; Hanau L; Leaf A; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx,; NY 10467; We reported a 62% complete response rate and 18 month median survival for 30 patients (pts) with HlV-related NHL treated with CDE (Leukemia and Lymphoma 14:263, 1994; Proc ASCO 12:51, 1993), employed without antiretroviral therapy (N = 21) or in combination with didanosine (N = 9). In order to determine the effect of
HIV tat protein can regulate promoters of the insulin-like growth factor II gene in cultured leiomyosarcoma cells (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A824 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613976; Hirschfeld S; Helman LJ; Molecular Oncology Section, Pediatric Branch, National Cancer; Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; Among the complications of HIV infection in children is an unusually high incidence of tumors of smooth muscle origin. Similar to other tumors of mesenchyme derived tissue, leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas have been shown to over express cellular growth factors, in particular, insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). The
Pilot/phase I study--photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of AIDS-associated kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS/KS) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A825 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613977; Bernstein ZP; Wilson D; Summers K; Dougherty T; Brooks J; Mang TS; Division of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; 14263; In an effort to offer palliative therapy for AIDS/KS without compromise of patients immune system we have been conducting a Phase I study of PDT. The therapy is predicated on the activation by light of a photosensitizing drug, Photofrin, which preferentially accumulates in malignant tissue such as KS after intravenou
Activity of paclitaxel (Taxol) as therapy for HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A826 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613978; Saville MW; Lietzau J; Pluda JM; Wilson W; Cohen R; Feigal E; Feuerstein I; Humphrey R; Broder S; Yarchoan R; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; Inhibitors of microtubule assembly such as the vinca alkaloids are known to be clinically active against KS, and this led us to consider paclitaxel, an agent that stabilizes microtubule polymers, as a potential therapy. Paclitaxel was found to be cytostatic in KS-derived spindle cell lines at concentrations of less th
Lymphoma project report: current issues in treatment and research of AIDS-associated lymphomas (Part II of the oncology project) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A833 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613985; Marco M; Treatment Action Group, New York, NY; Objectives: to assess the current state of research on and current treatments for AIDS-associated lymphoma, and to recommend improvements. Methods: Current literature was reviewed and over 30 interviews were conducted with leading academic researchers, National Institutes of Health administrators, industry representat
Phase I/II trial of soluble recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor (rhu IL-1R) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A834 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613986; Krown SE; Paredes J; Polsky B; Pino MC; Agosti J; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Elevated serum levels of IL-1, a proinflammatory, proangiogenic cytokine, have been described in HIV-1+ individuals. IL-1 upregulates HIV expression and stimulates growth of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) spindle cells in vitro. Biologic activities are mediated via the type I IL-1R. Soluble rhu IL-1R, the extracellular, IL-1 b
Phase II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid (CRA) in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A835 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613987; Lewi D; Reboredo G; Jauregui Rueda H; Monticelli A; Losso M; Vujacich C; Litovska S; Marantz A; De la Torre A; Politi P; Hospitals de Clinicas, Muniz, Argentina; Between February and November 1994, 14 ambulatory (PS 0-2) male patients (pts) with measurable KS and good bone marrow, hepatic and renal function were treated continuously with CRA (isotretinoin, Roaccutane, Hoffmann-LaRoche) at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day, po, on an outpatient basis. Standard response (ECOG) and toxicity
Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in patients (pts) enrolled on two large comparative trials (N3300/ACTG 114 and N3492/ACTG 119) of zidovudine (ZDV) and zalcitabine (DDC) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A836 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613988; Sprenz V; Platzner A; Remick S; Baruch A; Salgo M; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; NHL is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected pts. We reviewed the clinical characteristics of 27 pts (3.6%) enrolled in 2 large comparative trials of ZDV and DDC (N3300 - 635 pts and N3492 - 111 pts) to determine if their was any change in the natural history of this neoplastic complication of
Developing a new aids chemoimmunotherapy (CI) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A837 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613989; Hollinshead A; George Washington Univ. Medical Center, Washington DC; In early studies, we reported that certain purine and pyrimidine analogues and sulfur-containing compounds affect host cells in such a way as to inhibit or prevent virus entry or multiplication, some by competitive inhibition. Four showed safety and gave protection in mice infected with poliovirus or influenza virus,
HIV seropositivity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A880 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95614032; Mannancheril A; Gordon T; Shum J; Savona S; Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Lincoln; Hospital, Bronx, NY 10451; Lincoln Hospital is a 584 bed acute care municipal hospital in the South Bronx where the AIDS prevalence rate is 1.2 per 100 adults compared with 0.6 per 100 adults as a New York City average. It has the highest heterosexual and intravenous drug use (IVDU) rate in New York City. In the 18 month period from January 199
Assessment of lymphoid cell immunophenotype in laryngeal carcinoma (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A883 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95614035; Kulczynski B; Grezegorz D; Kruk-Zagajewski A; Adryanczyk R; Dept. of Otolaryngology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical; Sciences 60 355 Poznan, Poland; Determination of cell immunophenotype of cancer patients was found useful in the assessment of immune competence. We attempted to examine an immunophenotype of laryngeal carcinoma patients at the time of surgery. We used both, patients blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) isolated from rese
Long-term follow-up of patients (pts) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) receiving fludarabine (Fludara) regimens as initial therapy (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol; 14:A1012 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95614163; Keating M; Lerner S; O'Brien S; Robertson L; Kantarjian H; UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Fludara has demonstrated striking cytotoxic activity in the management of previously treated and untreated pts with CLL. 174 pts with progressive Rai stage I-II disease or Rai III-IV disease have received Fludara alone (71 pts) or with prednisone (103 pts). Using NCI criteria for response, the complete remission (CR)
Pharmacokinetics of UC 38-related congeners demonstrating in vitro activity against native and mutant strains of HIV (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 36:A2173 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95609948; Stinson SF; Schultz RJ; Malspeis L; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DTP, DCT, NCI, FCRDC,; Frederick, MD 21702; UC-38 is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with potent anti-HIV activity in the NCI s anti-HIV drug screen. Due to rapid in vivo clearance of UC-38, pharmacokinetic and metabolic considerations were used to design congeners with resistance to metabolism, high oral bioavailability and potent anti-HIV act
Randomized trial of standard dose mBACOD with GM-CSF vs reduced dose mBACOD for systemic HIV-associated lymphoma: ACTG 142 (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A818 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613970; Kaplan L; Straus D; Testa M; Levine AM; NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG), San Francisco, CA; The importance of chemotherapy dose intensity in the treatment of individuals with systemic HIV-associated lymphoma was evaluated in a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. Between Jan 1991 and Sept 1994, 188 HlV-infected individuals with diffuse large cell (34%), large cell immunoblastic (46%), or small nonclea
Combination chemotherapy, Adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine (ABV) with dideoxyinosine (ddI) or dideoxycytidine (ddC) in advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (ACTG 163) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A822 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613974; Mitsuyasu R; Gill P; Paredes J; Ratner L; Remick S; Testa M; et al; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Objectives: to determine the toxicity and response to therapy of cytotoxic chemotherapy (ABV) with either ddI or ddC in patients with advanced Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). Methods: patients with HIV infection and multiple mucocutaneous (ie, greater than or
Phase II study of the basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)-inhibiting agent pentosan polysulfate (PPS) in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A827 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613979; Schwartsmann G; Mans DR; Machado VL; Sander E; Sprinz E; Kalakun L; South-American Office for Anticancer Drug Development, Porto; Alegre, RS, Brazil; The search for new anticancer agents which exhibit a high therapeutic index is critical, particularly in patients with AIDS-KS. In this context, inhibitors of angiogenesis are attractive candidates. As AIDS-KS is a highly vascularized tumor that overproduces the b-FGF variant K-FGF, we evaluated PPS for its efficacy i
VP16, mitoxantrone and prednimustine (VMP): an effective palliative chemotherapy (CT) regimen in patients (pts) with relapsed HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HIV-NHL) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A828 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613980; Errante D; Gastaldi R; Nigra E; Nosari AM; Magnani G; Vaccher E; Bernardi D; Tirelli U; Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors, CRO, Aviano, Italy; There is no experience published in the literature on the feasibility and activity of second line CT in pts with relapsed or resistant HIV-NHL. Nineteen pts with resistant or relapsed HIV-NHL were consecutively treated from April 1992 and October 1994. We employed VMP, a regimen specifically devised and safely used at
AIDS related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL): the correlation between pre CD4 cell counts and the outcome of chemotherapy (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A829 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613981; Toi M; Caven G; Myers A; Kane M; Denver General Hospital (DGH), Denver, CO; Medical records of 37 patients with AIDS-related NHL (excluding CNS NHL) seen between 1983 and 1993 at either DGH, UCHSC, or VAMC, were reviewed. The following data were obtained: pre-treatment CD4 cell counts, patient sex, race, tumor stage, histologic classification, response to therapy, and survival. Also, the chem
A randomized trial of liposomal daunorubicin (DX) vs Adriamycin, bleomycin and vincristine (ABV) in 232 patients with advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A830 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613982; Gill PS; Wernz J; Scadden DT; Cohen P; vonRoenn J; Chew T; Kempin S; Silverberg I; Gonzales G; Rarick MU; et al; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor in patients with HIV-1 infection and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Systemic chemotherapy is the most active treatment for advanced disease. We previously showed that DaunoXome has an improved pharmacokinetics profile with a prolonged area under the curve,
Treatment of HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A831 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613983; Aversa SM; Cattelan AM; Salvagno L; Chiarion-Sileni V; Carretta M; Fiorentino M; Department of Medical Oncology, Padova, Italy; Objectives: assessing (1) the efficacy and toxicity of low dose chemotherapy in patients (pts) with poor prognosis AIDS-related KS, (2) the role of moderate dose IFN in complete responders. Pts and methods: since June 1993 all pts with Mitsuyasu stage II-IV KS were treated with bleomycin (BL) 10/mg/m2 + vinblastine (V
Treatment of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma with polychemotherapy, DDI and GM-CSF (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 14:A832 1995. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95613984; Schmilovich A; Perez H; Cahn P; Grinberg N; Casiro A; Gil Deza E; Fundacion Huesped, Hospital Ferrnandez, ARCOS 2626, 1428,; Argentina; The objective of this pilot protocol is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of combining chemotherapy with DDI and GM-CSF for the treatment of AIDS related NHL. HIV seropositive patients (pts) with untreated intermediate or high grade systemic NHL were enrolled. Pts had ECOG PS less than or equal to 2 with no active
The synthesis of amine-borane adducts of cyclohexylamine, toluidine, and 3'-aminodideoxynucleosides and evaluation of their pharmacological activity.: Diss Abstr Int [B]; 55(6):2173 1994. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95615356; Burnham BS; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; A number of the amine-borane adducts of alpha-amino acids and nucleosides, as well as aliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic amines, have been previously synthesized in this laboratory. Several amine-boranes of diverse structures possess antineoplastic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory activities in rodents. A serie
Filgrastim (r-metHuG-CSF) in clinical practice.: Basic Clin Oncol; 5:1-351 1994. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/95616319; Morstyn G; Dexter TM; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA; The isolation, purification, and cloning of the growth factors that act on early cells to produce mature hematopoietic cells has made available a whole new class of therapeutic agents. G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; filgrastim) is one of the more important of these factors, acting as it does on cells of
Herpes drug study halted. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700392; Trial ACTG 204, involving the anti-herpes drug valacyclovir, has been halted by a safety monitoring board after initial data showed that participants have poorer survival rates compared to patients receiving standard medications. Valacycolvir produced more renal toxicity and neutropenia in patients. However, the Johns
Chemical delivery of AZT. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700393; A new method for delivery of AZT to the brain may offer an improved therapy for AIDS dementia patients. The new chemical delivery system offers a more potent antiviral agent with less toxicity, and delivers the dru
Three-in-one TB drug approved. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700394; Marrion Merrell Dow can now market Rifater, a combination of three drugs already approved to treat tuberculosis (TB), according to the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ). Rifater, which consists of rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide, was developed to assist patients in complying wi
HIV-negative gay men at risk. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700395; According to a study conducted by the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, HIV-negative gay and bisexual men are at great risk of becoming HIV-positive unless changes in prevention education are made. Investigators studied gay men in four cities and projected their chances of becoming infected with HIV. They found an
Hemophiliacs win one, lose one. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700396; A Federal appeals court has ruled that thousands of HIV-positive hemophiliacs infected with contaminated blood products will not be allowed to join a lawsuit because a successful action might bankrupt the blood products industry. Attorneys are expected to seek a rehearing before the full appeals court. The suit charge
Tax law could affect PWAs. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700397; The House Ways and Means Committee has approved a provision to amend current tax laws that would allow those who receive life insurance benefits before their death to do so free from any tax liability. Presently, the bill does not allow retroactive tax benefits to those who received accelerated death benefits or those
Kills HIV on contact? Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700398; Knight s Spray Nine sales have risen 25 percent since they launched their new market strategy which states that the spray kills HIV-1 in 30 seconds. However, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) officials say HIV is so fragile outside the body that a spray is virtually useless. Manufacturers of the cleanin
SPV-30 may offer CD4 increase. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700399; Dr. Luc Montagnier has been given permission by French health officials to proceed with a phase II/III trial of SPV-30, an herbal treatment derived from the European boxwood tree. The product, available as an over-the-counter dietary supplement, is not considered a drug and therefore does not require approval by the F
IL-2 restores immune sytem. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700401; Grodeck B; Researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) found that intermittent infusions of IL-2 , an immune system protein, boosted T-cells in some patients with HIV for more than two years--far longer than any current antiretroviral. NIAID st
Drug consortium seeks trial participants. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700403; Grodeck B; The Inter-Company Collaboration (ICC) recently announced that it is seeking HIV-positive participants to enroll in the first study of three-drug combinations at several research centers throughout the United States . Formed last April, the ICC is a consortium of 14 international pharmac
Out of sight, but not out of mind. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700404; Clinicians have had some success in treating or preventing several rarely discussed opportunistic infections. The author discusses seven infections, outlining the disease and possible treatments. Aspergillosis, a fungal infection found in the lungs and sinuses, can be treated with intravenous amphotericin B. However,
A consumer's guide to fighting HIV. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700405; Grodeck B; There are a range of options and common practices available for initiating anti-HIV therapies. The first-line treatment for patients whose T-cells drop below 500 is AZT (Retrovir). For those who cannot tolerate AZT, or whose T-cells drop, several alte
15 things you need to know about healthy eating. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:14-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700406; Chavez C; Good nutrition is essential to good health during all phases of living with HIV. Good nutrition helps the body fight infections, enables HIV-fighting drugs to work properly, and in some cases may ease drug-related side effects. The author suggests fifteen things people should know to get the most out of their daily di
Plump 'n positive. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700407; Several flab-fighting pointers for HIV-positive individuals include: choosing lean meat; choosing meats that have very little white fat marbling or other visible fat that is difficult to remove; choosing skinless chicken parts; making it a habit to buy only nonfat or low-fat milk or yogurt; being aware of preparation
Generation prozac. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:18-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700408; Grodeck B; About forty million Americans will experience a major depressive illness sometime during their lives. However, many will not seek treatment because of the social stigma attached to the disorder--depression is a sign of weakness or failure. For those that do seek treatment, many alternatives are available. The first ge
Rough approach, safe landing. Family members of people with HIV have support needs of their own. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Posit Aware. 1995 May/Jun;:21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700409; Parmenter C; Claudette and Dave s lives turned upside down when their oldest son, Jon-Paul, told them that he had tested HIV-positive. Although he had many support systems available to him, Claudette and Dave soon learned that there were few resources available to them, as family members of someone living with HIV. Dave approached
From a single case, investigators discover a web of HIV infection. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):1, 10-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700414; A partner notification project was deemed successful when investigators at the Pennsylvania Department of Health were able to track down a network of 124 people after the initial index patient (a prison inmate) provided just four names. Investigators located the first four people, who all tested positive, and who iden
A revised Ryan White bill clears Senate panel unanimously. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):1, 8-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700415; The Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee gave unanimous support to Senate Bill 641, legislation to reauthorize the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act, before adjourning for the Easter recess. Assuming passage of the bill, the measure would then go to the House of Representatives. The ne
Woman jailed for failing to stop husband from raping her daughter. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700416; Brenda Colson was sentenced to four years in jail after witnessing her HIV-positive husband rape her seven-year-old daughter. Colson, at the time, thwarted her 10-year-old son s attempt to call the police. The rape, which resulted in the HIV infection of her daughter, occurred just three hours after Colson married Fra
Tavern sued after bartender claims HIV cost him his job. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700417; The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is suing an Indiana tavern, The Pub, on behalf of a bartender who said he was fired because he was HIV positive. The suit charged that the owner and Assistant Manager of The Pub violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by dismissing bartender Larry Conway. T
Erroneous HIV test isn't grounds for recovering damages. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700418; The Florida Supreme Court ruled that a Florida man cannot recover damages for the mental anguish he suffered for nineteen months after being misdiagnosed as HIV-positive. The court refused to drop the state s impact rule, which limits awards for mental anguish in negligence lawsuits to cases with underlying physical i
Court disallows class action in hemophiliacs' HIV lawsuit. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700419; Thousands of hemophiliacs who contracted HIV through blood-clotting products cannot sue the manufacturers in a class-action lawsuit, according to the Seventh U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The four drug companies involved in the suit would face intensive pressure to settle to avoid possible bankruptcy, according to th
New York lawsuit seeks release of newborns' HIV test results. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700420; The Association to Benefit Children (ABC), a New York advocacy group, has sued to force the state to inform mothers of the HIV test results of their newborn infants. The suit, filed in March, 1995, in the Supreme Court for New York County, asked the court to declare unconstitutional the state s policy of testing newbo
Court rules lab worker lacked evidence to sustain bias claim. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):6-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700421; U.S. District Judge Ruben Castillo ruled that a lab technician failed to furnish sufficient evidence to support his charges that he was fired because of his HIV status. According to the court, the technician (identified as R.G.H.) was unable to prove that his supervisors knew he had HIV and failed to refute major crit
Russia enacts travel restrictions, mandates testing of some workers. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Policy Law. 1995 Apr 21;10(7):7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700422; A bill signed into law April 3, 1995 by President Boris Yeltsin states that travelers who plan to spend more than three months visiting Russia must take an HIV-antibody test to ensure they are free of the virus. The law also requires mandatory testing of Russians who work in certai
3TC: the good news and the bad news. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700457; Cheng B; Recent European and U.S. studies comparing AZT alone or in combination with 3TC or DDC are showing the best results from a combination th
Report: immune restoration think tank. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):5-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700458; Lein B; The Immune Restoration Think Tank s fourth meeting, held in February 1995 in Oakland, California, discussed recent progress in the field of immune restoration and new strategies to rebuild the immune systems of people with advanced AIDS. Discussions about where to intervene with immune strategies generally fell into t
Advances in protease inhibitors. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):8-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700459; Cheng B; Advances in protease inhibitor clinical studies are discussed for the following inhibitors: Merck MK-639, Abbott ABT-538, Hoffman-La Roche saquinavir, and Agouron AG1343. It is noted that results from a phase II study of MK-639 are showing impressive antiviral activity with the onl
Results of pediatric study present new questions. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700460; Parks VE; The Data Safety and Monitoring Board recommended that the AZT alone arm be dropped in a trial (ACTG 152) of HIV-infected children comparing AZT alone, AZT plus ddI, and ddI alone. Children receiving AZT alone were experiencing higher rates of disease
Potential therapy for painful neuropathy. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700461; Lein B; Genentech has agreed to supply nerve growth factor (NGF), a potential treatment for HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy , for an AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) study, ACTG 291. The NGF study is important since there are no therapi
Advances in the treatment of CMV. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):12-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700462; Cheng B; Research on new methods for treating and preventing CMV retinitis has provided advances in not only controlling CMV, but also improving patient quality of life. Studies of ocular CMV implants suggest that their use greatly extends the durability of treatment, re
DOX-SL: KS treatment in limbo. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):13-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700463; Majchrowicz M; AIDS Project Los Angeles, Client Health Education and Advocacy; Unit, Los Angeles, CA.; While the Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) recommended DOX-SL for treatment of Kaposi s Sarcoma (KS), the recommendation comes with a confusing array of qualifiers and explanations that make it difficult for patients and physicians to know wh
Preventing opportunistic infections. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):14-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700464; Cheng B; As more drugs are approved for the prevention of opportunistic infections, concerns regarding the benefits and potential risks of these therapies are arising. A synopsis of the data for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections is provided for the following: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, fungal infections, Mycoba
Department of Defense AIDS research funding. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700465; Donnelly A; The Department of Defense (DoD) is dismantling its U.S. HIV clinical research program in favor of preventive vaccine work in Thailand . The rationale for this decision is that HIV-infected personnel are considered casualties and, therefore, of limited use to the force. Closure of
HIV-1 immunogen. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):17. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700466; Lein B; The Vaccines and Related Biologics Advisory Committee to the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) met in early 1995 to review study data from Immune Response Corporation s HIV-1 Immunogen, also known as the Salk Immunogen, and to discuss future development plans for the product. While t
Human growth hormone - great promise at a price. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):17. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700467; Lein B; Serono Laboratories has announced an expanded access program for recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH, called Serostim) to treat wasting syndrome among people with unwanted weight loss of greater than ten percent who have failed approved therapies. The program is rife with problems. The company has decided to implem
HIV/AIDS study in homosexual men renewed. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: NIAID AIDS Agenda. 1995 Spring;:2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700514; Glick ME; The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) has received renewal funding from NIAID, along with support for two new state-of-the-art laboratories. The new laboratories are designed to study the factors that contribute to the progression of HIV disease and destruction of the immune system as well as those factors that may
Roles of CD8+ T and dendritic cells. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: NIAID AIDS Agenda. 1995 Spring;:5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700515; Studies of long-term non-progressors are showing that the body uses potent mechanisms to contain HIV that may be more effective than any antiretroviral drug. NIAID researchers report that when dendritic cells, which present invaders to the immune system for processing, interact with CD4+ T cells in an HIV-infected ind
Opportunistic infections studies update. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: NIAID AIDS Agenda. 1995 Spring;:6-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700516; Walker MJ; Studies being conducted on opportunistic infections among people with HIV are presented in list form. The list includes new studies, those still in development, and those slated to begin in 1995. Areas of interest include candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis/ microsporidiosis
NIAID studies of interleukin-2. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: NIAID AIDS Agenda. 1995 Spring;:7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700517; Folkers G; NIAID interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) studies, currently enrolling HIV-infected volunteers, are briefly highlighted. Studies involve subcutaneous use of IL-2, IL-2 pharmacodynamics, IL-2 with and without a tumor necrosis factor antagonist, and IL-2 for patients with Kaposi s sarc
CTG studies yield results. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: NIAID AIDS Agenda. 1995 Spring;:8-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700518; Glick ME; NIAID s AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) has completed several studies and their findings are reported. Findings from two studies, ACTG 081, involving three therapies for pneumonia prevention, and ACTG 981, examining fluconazole for preventing fungal infections, are reported in The New England Journal of Medicine (Ma
Progress in NIAID's HIV vaccine development effort. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: NIAID AIDS Agenda. 1995 Spring;:10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700519; Doepel LK; It is believed that an AIDS vaccine may be developed, so two NIAID vaccine projects currently address the difficulties associated with its development. To bypass the problem of using a live, attenuated vaccine for HIV, researchers have added a foreign gene to HIV that produces a type of viral clone that is drug-sensit
NIAID pursues studies of gene therapy for HIV infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: NIAID AIDS Agenda. 1995 Spring;:11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700520; Folkers G; NIAID is focusing research support on ways to boost or restore the immune systems of HIV-infected individuals. Five NIAID-supported gene trials for HIV disease are awaiting approval by the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ). NIAID-funded researchers are pursuing vaccine development, w
NIAID expands research on topical microbicides to prevent STDs in women. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: NIAID AIDS Agenda. 1995 Spring;:12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700521; Walker MJ; NIAID has recently begun three projects aimed at protecting women from sexually transmitted diseases. The projects focus on the development of topical microbicides--chemicals that a woman can use in her vagina before sexual intercourse to thwart infectious agents, including HIV. Studies are being conducted at the Univ
Republicans take control of 104th Congress. Conservative reforms target the most vulnerable. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Update Natl Minor COUNC. 1995 May/Jun;:1-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700549; Maldonado M; With the 1994 midterm Republican victories, a new political environment has taken hold, which shifts the power and ideology toward the adoption of more conservative HIV/AIDS and social welfare policies, on both the national and local levels. The Contract with America, the Republican agenda, proposes to reduce Federal
New Congress proposes $222 million cut for FY'95 AIDS programs. Prevention and CARE funds restored; HOPWA preservation threatened. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Update Natl Minor COUNC. 1995 May/Jun;:3-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700550; The House Subcommittee on Labor/HHS Appropriations approved over $6 billion in cuts to fiscal year 1995 appropriations already in place. The proposed rescissions (taking back funds allocated for the FY 95 budget) include $23 million from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s (CDC) prevention activities and
Ryan White reauthorization. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Update Natl Minor COUNC. 1995 May/Jun;:5, 7, 9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700551; The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act provides Federal disaster relief for AIDS and assists those most impacted by the epidemic--cities (Title I), states (Title II), community health centers (Titles IIIb), and pediatric demonstration projects (Title IV). The current law expires September 30,
Ryan White CARE Act provisions. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Update Natl Minor COUNC. 1995 May/Jun;:6, 8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700552; The current and proposed changes to the Ryan White CARE Act are listed. Title I targets cities that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, with funds for outpatient medical care and support services. The proposed bill (S 641) changes include changing the eligibility criteria to require a Title I city to have a p
FDA reform. Food and Drug Administration. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Update Natl Minor COUNC. 1995 May/Jun;:10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700553; Agosto M; During the 104th Congress, proposals have been made to make changes to the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ), the agency that regulates foods and drugs sold to consumers. Congress is considering eliminating some of the regulations over drug development, thereby hop
NMAC opposes H.R. 1289: Newborn Infant HIV Notification act. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Update Natl Minor COUNC. 1995 May/Jun;:11-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700554; H.R. 1289, the Newborn Infant HIV Notification Act in Congress, will require states to disclose the results of HIV testing of a newborn infant to the biological mother, if she is the legal guardian of the infant. It also requires that in disclosing the HIV test results, the state shall bear the responsibility to ensur
Studies found plastic condom unsafe, yet FDA cleared it for market. Food and Drug Administration. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 May;10(5):61-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700346; Five unpublished studies, primarily funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), found that Avanti condoms broke at an overall rate more than four times greater than latex condoms. Avanti, the first male polyurethane condom, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (
No counseling for HIV tests: a problem at private sites. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 May;10(5):64-5, 67. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700348; The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states in a recent Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report that private health care providers are not providing enough counseling to patients when they receive their HIV-antibody test results. Overall, individuals tested at public sites were more than 1.5 times more l
HIV test eliminates wait, but physicians not using it. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 May;10(5):66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700349; The ten-minute SUDS HIV-1 test could make post-test HIV counseling easier and alleviate the problem of patients not returning for their results. Primary care settings, however, are not using the test. Although used in many acute-care facilities, most physicians are not interested in it, partly due to the cost of the t
Is managed care a cure for financing treatment? Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 May;10(5):69-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700350; Like others in the health care industry, Physician s Association for AIDS Care (PAAC) and Midway Hospital in Los Angeles are turning to managed care to help corral costs. Their plan is to use a managed care payment model, known as capitation, to pay for AIDS care. Under capitation, insurers and providers negotiate ann
Topotecan research moves forward at last. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 Apr;9(4):1-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700384; Smart T; Research on SmithKline Beecham s topotecan, stalled during a patent dispute, is now being investigated for its anti-HIV and AIDS-related malignancy potential. One study found that treatment with high doses of topotecan over three months resulted in no new virus production, even when stimulated with HIV promoters, and
Albendazole. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 Apr;9(4):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700385; Gilden D; SmithKline s drug, albendazole, is used in treating a range of parasitic worms. Several studies have shown that albendazole is effective in treating extreme diarrhea caused by two intestinal protozoan species. SmithKline has an on-going, 66-person study of albendazole in AIDS-related
Acyclovir controversy. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 Apr;9(4):3-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700386; Torres G; Two reports submitted at the Second National Conference on Human Retroviruses reignited the controversy surrounding acyclovir s potential effect on survival in HIV-infected persons. One study found no differences in survival between those using acyclovir and those not using the drug, however, it is argued that the stu
Treatment briefs. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 Apr;9(4):6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700387; Gilden D; Merck & Co. has announced it will launch a sizable expanded access program for its protease inhibitor compound MK-639. This is surprising since less than a month earlier it claimed it could not make any substantial quantity of the drug available for at least another year. Citing lim
Test treatment strategies under real conditions. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 Apr;9(4):7-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700388; Hogan C; University of Minnesota, Division of Biostatistics, Minnesota,; MN.; The author argues that new treatments for AIDS and HIV disease are needed, and trials are needed that address day-to-day clinical management questions. The use of relevant clinical criteria and large, simple trials (LSTs) with pragmatic hypotheses focused on treatment strategies are suggested. Current trials inherentl
Vitamins and HIV therapy: a naturopathic perspective. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: STEP Perspect. 1995 Spring;7(1):1, 7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700423; Culp TM; During the early 1900s, scientists learned that accessory nutrients were needed in diets to maintain health; hence, during World War II the government developed the Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Although intended to prevent nutritional deficiency diseases, the RDA is often used, incorrectly, as the opti
Nutrition and HIV. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: STEP Perspect. 1995 Spring;7(1):2-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700424; Lichtenstein BS; Natural Health Clinic of Bastyr University, Seattle, WA.; Nutritional status directly affects immune competence; therefore, dietary supplements can be beneficial. Vitamin A, a fat-soluble nutrient obtained exogenously from animal protein or synthesized endogenously from carotenoids, is important in vision, epithelial tissue maintenance, reproduction, and growth. It is also a
Interleukin-2. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: STEP Perspect. 1995 Spring;7(1):6-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700425; Linnemeyer PA; Interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) is a cytokine that induces the proliferation and cytotoxic activation of CD8+ antigen-specific T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, stimulating the clearance of viral-infected and tumor cells. It has a stimulatory effect upon cell-mediated immuni
The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: STEP Perspect. 1995 Spring;7(1):9-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700426; Aboulafia DM; Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA.; HIV-related Kaposi s sarcoma is a progressive, frequently visceral disease that is postulated to be infectious. Its growth is accelerated by corticosteroids, Oncostatin M, the HIV-tat protein, Interleukin-6, fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor. It represents a proliferative disorder of m
Tumor necrosis factor: its role in HIV/AIDS. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: STEP Perspect. 1995 Spring;7(1):13-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700427; Drexler AM; Bailey - Boushay House, Seattle, WA.; Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachectin), a cytokine secreted by macrophages and T-cells, mediates inflammatory and immune responses, and is associated with wasting in persons with malignancies or AIDS. In inflammation, TNF attracts and activates neutrophils, stimulating phagocytic function of neutrophils and macrophage
Thalidomide: an alternative therapy for treatment of apthous ulcers (canker sores). Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: STEP Perspect. 1995 Spring;7(1):16-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700428; Manesis DA; Thalidomide has been reported to be an effective therapy for painful oral (mouth) ulcerations associated with AIDS that do not respond to the usual treatment options available. Thalidomide was first developed and marketed in Germany in the 1950s as a sedative. It was withdrawn in
HIV and pet ownership. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: STEP Perspect. 1995 Spring;7(1):18-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700429; Downing D; The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that there is no evidence that dogs, cats or non-primate animals can contract the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or transmit it to human beings. When the immune system is suppressed through disease, age, or medical treatments, a person becomes more vulner
Proposal: small trials for screening antiviral combinations. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Treat News. 1995 Apr 21;(no 221):4-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700438; With the hundreds of possible antiretroviral drugs and combinations available, it is imperative that a process of rapid screening in vivo be developed so that life-extending and life-saving combinations can be made available to those who need them. Bill Bahlman, an activist with the Treatment and Data Committee of ACT
Nerve growth factor: major trial canceled, revived after protest. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Treat News. 1995 Apr 21;(no 221):5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700439; James JS; A major government-sponsored study of nerve growth factor for treating HIV-related neuropathy has recently been revived after it was canceled earlier this year by Genentech , Inc. of South San Francisco, which holds a patent for the use of the drug. Human nerve growth factor has been
Congress: how to help. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Treat News. 1995 Apr 21;(no 221):6-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700440; James JS; Citizen input, through letters, calls, and visits to government representatives, is needed more urgently now than ever before. The fiscal 1996 budget and appropriations process is expected to provide disappointments. The House has eliminated HOPWA AIDS housing funding for the current year (although it could be reverse
Thioctic acid. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Notes Undergr. 1995 Apr/May;(no 30):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700441; Thioctic acid (Thioctacid 300 or alpha-lipoic acid) is a strong antioxidant that helps lower the level of liver enzymes. For people with AIDS (PWAs) taking oral antibiotics and/or antiviral agents, it is important to have balanced levels of liver enzymes. Thioctic acid also has been found to elevate the level of gluta
Now we know our AZTs, is it safe for kids and me? Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Notes Undergr. 1995 Apr/May;(no 30):3, 8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700442; Parks VE; AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power Golden Gate, San Francisco, CA.; The National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has altered its pediatric HIV study (ACTG 152) to eliminate the AZT only arm because children taking AZT alone were progressing faster to opportunistic infections and death than child
Treatments for weight loss. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Notes Undergr. 1995 Apr/May;(no 30):4-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700443; Between 95 and 100 percent of persons with AIDS report unwanted weight loss, which can occur at any stage of infection and can get progressively worse. A list of eleven approved drugs and a few that are in development, intended as treatments for weight loss, is provided. The drug name, description, selected study data
Liver and let live. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Notes Undergr. 1995 Apr/May;(no 30):suppl 1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700444; A healthy liver is important to everyone, in particular to those infected with HIV since they tend to take a number of drugs. Elevated liver enzymes indicate that the liver is under stress and is unable to cope with the waste in the body. Hepatitis, alcohol consumption, IV drug use, and excessive medication use can al
Slow launch for HGH. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 May;9(5):1-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700449; Gilden D; The human growth hormone (HGH) expanded access program for people with AIDS wasting syndrome is now in its fourth month. Enrollment has been slow, largely due to cost. Since HGH falls under the Food and Drug Administration s ( FDA ) Treatment Investigational New Drug (TIND) regulations,
3TC rules change again. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 May;9(5):2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700450; Last month Glaxo limited the number entering the expanded access program for its experimental anti-HIV drug 3TC to only 350 participants per week. This change was made after Glaxo announced supply problems. In addition, individuals must now have a CD4
Inhibiting TNF to preserve lean body mass. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 May;9(5):3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700451; Smart T; Researchers suspect that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), once thought to be a therapy for Kaposi s sarcoma (KS), plays a role in many AIDS-related complications--neurological difficulties, bone marrow suppression, the growth of KS lesions, and AIDS-related wasting. There are several therapies regarded as TNF reduce
Growing interest in thalidomide. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 May;9(5):4-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700452; Lowell B; Three clinical trials of thalidomide in people with AIDS are currently underway in the U.S., evaluating it as a treatment for aphthous ulcers, primary HIV infection, or wasting syndrome. The drug inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and release. (TNF may play a role in wasting syndrome and can activat
Other therapies for wasting. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 May;9(5):7-8, 12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700453; Smart T; Individuals with wasting syndrome lose muscle or lean body mass rather than body fat. Several possible alternatives to the approved drugs for AIDS-related wasting are discussed. Ketotifen, an antihistamine approved in Europe, is a TNF inhibitor. Anabolic steroids are testosterone derivatives designed to increase stren
Treatment briefs. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 May;9(5):9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700454; Gilden D; The National Institutes of Health s (NIH) Office of Alternative Medicine has granted Bastyr University 900,000 dollars to conduct a wide-ranging program of research into the efficacy of using non-mainstream medical treatments in AIDS-related conditions. Initially, a study will track the health of people with HIV/AIDS
Kombucha: a dubious cure. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 May;9(5):10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700455; Majchrowicz M; AIDS Project Los Angeles, Client Health Education and Advocacy; Unit, Los Angeles, CA.; The kombucha (or Manchurian) mushroom has numerous claims of significant health improvements, yet there is no research or any basic evidence to back up the claims. According to folklore, the kombucha is a super immune booster that can fight many ailments, including AIDS, cancer, arthritis, constipation, and more. Howe
Tracking names requires patience, compassion. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 Jun;10(6):75-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700468; Katharyn Waldron, M.A., eagerly shares field tips for conducting partner notification among injection drug users. She attributes her success in tracking down contacts to the set of skills and tactics that she uses. When making contact with the partner, Katharyn dresses appropriately for the locale and always tries to
Providers not diagnosing HIV in older women. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 Jun;10(6):77-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700469; Females over the age of fifty are the invisible victims of the HIV epidemic. The Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that ten percent of all women diagnosed with AIDS by June 1994 were over fifty years of age. Midlife-and-older women with AIDS are not being diagnosed until late in the dis
Court upholds hospital's decision to restrict surgeon. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 Jun;10(6):80-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700470; The Fourth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Baltimore ruled in favor of a hospital s decision to suspend the surgical duties of a neurosurgical resident, known as Dr. Doe, after he tested positive for HIV. This is the second time in less than six months that a U.S. Court of Appeals has ruled that the risk of an HIV-po
Drug companies seek trial participants. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 Jun;10(6):82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700471; The Intercompany Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development (ICC), a consortium of fifteen drug companies, is enrolling volunteers for its first clinical trial of combination drug therapy. The trial will compare three combination-treatment regimens: AZT ,
New AIDS estimates show demographic changes. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 Jun;10(6):83-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700472; According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the HIV epidemic s rate of increase has slowed to about three percent per year, with the incidence of AIDS cases estimated to have decreased in the West. The latest epidemic figures, reported through 1994 in the CDC s HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, puts
Partner notification requires unique skills. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Alert. 1995 Jun;10(6):suppl 1-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700473; The success of health care workers involved in partner notification depends greatly on accepting unusual working conditions and developing unique skills. According to Katharyn Waldron, MA, HIV educator at the University of Pittsburgh, the challenge is one of both educating and gaining trust. The payoff is that people
[Speaking to children about AIDS] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700485; Brooks G; Children are usually the last to know that a family member has AIDS. Parents may fear that the children will discover how they became infected, that the children will ask questions difficult to answer, or will feel responsible. A child may perceive a situation, but not understand it. How to discuss this topic with chi
[When a child has HIV] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:19-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700486; Parks V; When a child is diagnosed with AIDS, the parents should seek others in the same situation to discuss their fears. Parents should discuss the situation honestly with their children and keep explanations simple. Reassure the affected child that everything possible is being done on his or her behalf. Also reassure non-af
[Responsibility--elected or compromised] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:38-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700492; Sanchez HDM; Corporacion Programa Genesis, Medellin, Colombia.; People living with AIDS may expect too much from others and block out initiatives which imply personal responsibility. They may be in denial and continue sexual activities without protection, adding to the spread of the virus and risking greater infection. Also, they may not be aware of the responsibility that living
[Natural remedies for vaginal infections] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:40-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700493; Genet J; Vaginal infections, affecting half of all women, are more severe in women with AIDS. The infection vulva vaginitis, caused by candida, may require medical attention. The doctor performs a pelvic exam and examines vaginal fluids under a microscope. Antibiotics, diet, or a suppressed immune system can increase candida y
[Opportunistic infections--prevention and treatment] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:42-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700494; Many people are exposed to opportunistic infections which can only be controlled by a healthy immune system. The HIV virus limits the development of the immune system. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of many opportunistic infections are described. Pneumocystis carinii, Mycobacterium avium complex infections (
[Liquid nutrition and AIDS] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:48-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700495; Avendano A; National Association of People With AIDS, Washington, DC.; A balanced diet is important for everyone, but for an AIDS patient, it is critical. He or she may experience loss of appetite, diarrhea, depression, or stomach problems, all of which affect nutrition. In response, the pharmaceutical industry has developed several products which provide additional calories and essentia
[Testosterone Replacement Therapy: a recent innovation in the treatment of AIDS] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:51-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700498; Rabkin J; Wagner G; New York Psychiatric Institute, HIV Center for Clinical and; Behavioral Studies, New York, NY.; Low levels of testosterone, determined by a blood test, were found to affect sexual interest, erections and orgasms. In a study conducted two years ago, male AIDS patients were administered testosterone replacement therapy. The patients enjoyed improved humor, energy, and sexual desire after four weeks of treatment. F
[Let's go to the gym] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700499; Tucker S; Exercise can combat depression and increase CD4 count in persons living with AIDS. Three sessions of ten minutes each helps to prevent fatigue and can provide the same benefit as a thirty minute aerobic session. Keep a record of accomplishments, machines used, times, and physical and emotional observations. Inform oth
[Rafael Rodriguez: artist and activist] Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: Sidahora. 1995 Winter;:54-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700500; Molina CN; Rafael Rodriguez is an artist, activist, and Puerto Rican humanist. As an artist, he has explored various media, including drawing, painting, collage, recycled art and sculpture. He won first prize at the Woodstock Art-Rock Fair in 1969, and had exhibitions at the 1964-65 World s Fair in New York. He uses his art to e
Pain management in HIV and AIDS. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 Apr;9(4):5, 10-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700536; Newshan G; Pain management for people with HIV-infection and AIDS is discussed with regard to pain assessment and the use of various pharmacologic interventions. The use of nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs, opiates, alternative routes of administration, the treatment of periphe
New combo trial/same old style. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: GMHC Treat Issues. 1995 Apr;9(4):9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700389; Gilden D; The Inter-Company Collaboration for AIDS Drug Development (ICC) is undertaking the first drug trial, under its master multidrug protocol. The trial is designed to evaluate triple drug combinations against HIV in people with CD4 counts of 200 to 500 who have no previous history of anti-HIV therapy.
Thalidomide and HIV: several possible uses. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: AIDS Treat News. 1995 Apr 21;(no 221):1-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700437; Smith D; Thalidomide is currently under investigation for its proposed value in treating a number of AIDS-related conditions. Banned in the 1960s because it was found to cause birth defects, thalidomide has been found to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine associated with the development of aphthous ulcers,
Advances, challenges and growing frustration. Clearinghouse, P.O. Box 6003, Rockville, MD 20849-6003. 800-458-5231 ext. 5023.: PI Perspect. 1995 May;(no 16):1-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95700456; AIDS research is viewed by activists as lacking leadership, courage, and a sense of urgency. Some advances in AIDS research have been limited by this lack of urgency in implementation, optimization, or equitable delivery to the broad patient community. While advances in treatments for
Evaluation of neurosyphilis in persons with and without concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920035; Gordon S; Eaton M; Kuypers J; Thompson S; Marra C; Lukehart S; Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.; It has been suggested that the results of serologic tests and clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis may be altered by concurrent HIV infection. We studied 21 adult patients (pts) (14 HIV-infected) with newly diagnosed neurosyphilis (defined as a reactive CSF-VDRL) during an 18 month period. The majority of pts (16/
A randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in HIV-infected person.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920036; Spector SA; McKinley G; Drew WL; Stempien MJ; Univ. California, San Diego.; This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir (GCV) for the prevention of CMV disease in CMV seropositive, HIV-infected persons with CD4+ count less that or equal to 50/microliter or w
Risk factors for fluconzaole-resistant candidiasis (FRC) in HIV-infected patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920037; Maenza JR; Keruly JC; Moore RD; Chaisson RE; Gallant JE; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.; Objectives: To identify risk factors for the development of FRC in HIV-infected patients. Methods: Paired case-control study. Cases (ca) (n=25) with clinical and microbiologic FRC compared with controls (Co) (n=25) matched for time of first diagnosis of oroesophageal candidiasis and for followup time. Results: Followi
Improved outcomes in a Cohort of HIV-infected patients with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis enrolled in a directly observed therapy tuberculosis program.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920038; Salomon N; Perlman DC; Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY.; Outbreaks of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) with high early mortality (median survival, 2.1 months) and virtually 100% bacteriologic failure have been recently described in HIV+ persons. The contributions of immunosuppression, nonadherence and delayed treatment (RX) to these outcomes are uncertain. We re
Twice weekly INH vs RIF and PZA for TB prophylaxis in HIV infected adults.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920039; Halsey N; Coberly J; Losikoff P; Atkinson J; Moulton L; Cantave M; Johnson M; Chaisson R; Geiter L; Huebner R; et al; CDS, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.; Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 2 regimens for prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV seropositive, PPD positive adults. Methods: Haitian adults were screened for HIV, active pulmonary disease and evidence of past infection with M. tuberculosis. 784 adults were randomized to receive isoniazid (INH) for 6 mo
A phase II/III trial of Rifampin (RIF) Ciprofloxach (CIPRO), Clofazimine (CLOF), Ethambutol (ETH), +/- Amikacin (AK) in the treatment (RX) of Disseminated Mycobacterium avium (MA) infection in HIV-infected individuals (PTS).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920040; Parent D; Ellner J; Hafner R; Williams M; Jacobs P; Hojczyk P; George Washington Univ., Washington DC.; 79 symptomatic HIV-infected PTS with MA infection were enrolled in a Phase II/III study of RIF 600 mg/d, CIPRO 500 mg bid, CLOF 100 mg/d ETH 15mg/kg/d+/-AK 10 mg/kg/d x 4 wks. After a 1-2 wk observation period, 37 PTS were randomized to receive AK, 37 to the non-AK arm, and 5 were not randomized. Baseline characterist
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in HIV-infected patients is a uniform infection of bone marrow that does not correlate with the level of infection in blood.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920041; DATRI 007 Study Group; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.; We studied 10 patients with new, blood culture-positive (at screening) MAC disease. Quantitative cultures were performed on blood and a weighed bone marrow biopsy from the iliac crest before treatment. The mean log MAC load in blood at baseline was 1.34 CFU/mL (SD 0.84) and ranged from 0.3 to 2.42 log CFU/mL. The mean
Treatment of Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) with Clarithromycin decreases transfusional requirements.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920042; Burman W; Rietmeijer C; Reves R; Denver Disease Control Service, Denver, CO.; Clarithromycin has impressive activity, as judged by quantitative mycobacteremia, in the treatment of DMAC in AIDS. The clinical relevance of this finding is less clear. METHODS - We reviewed records of patients with confirmed DMAC from a large AIDS clinic between 1989-93. Prior to 1992, DMAC was treated with a regime
Estimated risk of HIV transmission by screened blood in the United States.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920043; Lackritz EM; Satten GA; Raimondi VP; Aberle Grasse J; Dodd RY; Lewis WF; Petersen LR; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of HIV transmission by transfusion of HIV antibody-negative blood in the U.S.A., nationally and by geographic area. METHODS: Records were analyzed from all blood donations made in 19 participating American National Red Cross (ARC) regions in 1992 and 1993. We calculated the risk of don
HIV incidence among young urban street-recruited crack cocaine smokers.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920044; Brian RE; Word CO; McCoy CB; Faruque S; Dushku JC; Holmberg SD; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; Background: Crack cocaine smokers in some areas have high HIV prevalences because of high-risk sex practices. Their HIV incidence rates, however, have not been measured. Methods: We recruited crack smokers and nons smokers, aged 18-29 years, from the streets of high drug-use neighborhoods in three cities for two sets
Efficacy of antenatal zidovudine in reducing HIV-1 perinatal transmission.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920045; Matheson P; Thomas P; Abrams EJ; Hernan MA; Thea DM; Lambert G; Krasinski K; Bamji M; Rogers MF; Heagarty M; MHRA, New York, NY.; HIV-infected women were enrolled during pregnancy or within 6 weeks of delivery and their infants were studied prospectively as part of a multicenter collaborative study in New York City. From April 1986 through December 1993, data were collected on maternal lymphocyte subsets, ZDV use during pregnancy, and infant HIV
Circumstances of caesarean deliveries relevant to maternal- infant HIV transmission.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920046; Kuhn L; Bobat R; Coutsoudis A; Moodley D; Coovadia HM; Tsai WY; Stein Z; Columbia University, New York.; Children of 235 HIV-infected women who delivered at King Edward Hospital, Durban, South Africa between 1990 and 1993 were followed until 18 months of age to determine their HIV status. Information was abstracted from hospital records on mode of delivery, and if caesarean, the reas
Interventions among Thai conscripts may reduce HIV incidence.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920047; Celentano DD; Bond KC; Chiang Mai C na; Vaddhanaphuti C; Eiumtrakul S; Nelson KE; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD.; We estimate the impact of behavioral interventions among conscripts in the Royal Thai Army in the Upper North on HIV incidence and risk reduction. Four cohorts of 21 year old men conscripted by lottery were tested for HIV-1 between May 1991 to November 1993. Behavioral interventions focused on reducing alcohol use and
Primary HIV-1 infection in Trinidad: clinical, immunologic and virologic correlates.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920048; Cleghorn F; Jack N; Greenberg M; Weinhold K; Edwards J; Murphy J; Paul R; Mahabir B; O'Brien T; Bartholomew C; et al; National Cancer Institute.; OBJECTIVES: Evaluate clinical and laboratory correlates of primary clade B HIV-1 infection. METHODS: 9000 + consecutive STD attenders in Trinidad screened for HIV-1 P24 antigen and antibodies with informed consent. RESULTS: 91 (1.0%
Markers Of HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920049; Farzadegan H; Lack C; Henrard D; Rinaldo C; Saah A; Detels R; Munoz A; Margolick J; Phair J; OBJECTIVE: We studied the virologic, immunologic and epidemiologic factors associated with rapid progression of gay seroconverters who developed AIDS in less than 3 years. METHOD: 17 Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants who developed clinical AIDS less than 3 years after seroconversion (rapid progressors
The effect of cigarette smoking on selected medical conditions associated with HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920050; Conley LJ; Bush TJ; Buchbinder SP; Penley KA; Judson FN; Holmberg SD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Background: The effect of cigarette smoking on the development of conditions associated with HIV-infection is unclear and controversial. Methods: We analyzed data on 516 HIV-infected men from cohorts of homosexual and bisexual men in San Francisco, Denver, and Chicago who had been repeatedly interviewed and examined b
Absence of intact nef sequences in a long-term nonprogressing survivor of HIV-1-infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920051; Kirchhoff F; Greenough TC; Brettler DB; Sullivan JL; Desrosiers RC; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical; School, Southborough, MA.; Viral and/or host factors are suspected to be responsible for the lack of disease progression in some HIV-infected individuals. Since may HIV-1 infections appear to result from only one or a few infectious virus particles, we reasoned that partially defective or attenuated strains of HIV-1 may be all that is transmitt
Non-progressive HIV-1 infection is associated with low viral burdens and detectable primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in individuals with hemophilia.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920052; Greenough T; Brettler D; Forsberg A; Sullivan JL; University of Massachusetts Medical Center and Medical Center of; Central Massachusetts, Memorial Hospital, Worcester, MA.; Approximately five percent of most HIV-1 infected cohorts maintain normal CD4 lymphocyte counts without therapeutic intervention for extended periods of time. We have followed 7 infected individuals with hemophilia in a cohort of 144 who have maintained normal CD4 values for more than 10 years following infection and
Viral dynamics in HIV-1 infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920053; Shaw G; Wei X; Ghosh S; Taylor M; Kilby JM JR; Johnson V; Emini E; Lifson J; Hahn B; Saag M; Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, AL.; Although viral replication patterns are certain to contribute importantly to HIV-1 natural history and pathogenesis, remarkably little quantitative information is available, regarding HIV-1 dynamics in humans. In this study, we determined the kinetics of viral clearance from plasma in 17 subjects who initiated treatme
HLA class I and class II, and tap genes strongly influence the course of HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920054; Kaslow RA; Mann D; Apple R; Carrington M; Munoz A; Park L; Detels R; Rinaldo C; Phair J; Goedert J; et al; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; Objective: To examine associations between HLA gene products and rate of progression of HIV-1 infection. Methods: We HLA- typed 241 homosexual seroconverters using microcytotoxicity for alleles at class I (A,B) and PCR-based methods both for detecting alleles at class II (DRB1,DQA1,DQB1) and for determining TAP1 &
Early pattern of HIV replication determines the course of disease progression in vertically infected infants.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920055; Dickover R; Kwok S; Christopherson C; Wei L; Bryson Y; UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.; Vertically acquired HIV infection is characterized by bimodal onset of symptoms and disease progression with rapid progression seen in approximately 1/3 of infected infants. Both the timing of transmission and pattern of HIV replication soon after delivery appear to be important determinants of outcome. We performed q
Viral load and immunophenotype of cells obtained from lymph nodes by fine needle aspiration compared to peripheral blood cells in HIV-infected patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920056; Meylan PRA; Burgisser P; Weyrich SC; Spertini F; Institute of Microbiology, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and; of Immunology and Allergology, CHIV, Lausanne, Switzerland.; 25 HIV-1 patients (CD4+ T cell range: 4 to 760/mul, median 362) were selected for study of lymph node cells (LNC), obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and PBMC obtained simultaneously. LN aspiration was performed on 21 patients who had accessible LN. LNC, ranging from 6x10(3) to 2x10(6) (median 6x10(5)) were obta
Dendritic cells bind HIV to their surface and infect unstimulated CD4 positive T cells: A model for the initiation of HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920057; Weissman D; Li Y; Barker T; Daucher J; Fauci AS; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen presenting cells that bind antigens throughout the body and transport them to lymphoid organs in order to initiate T cell immune responses. DC have been demonstrated to be the first cells to arrive at sites of inflammation on mucous membranes. We have isolated 2 populations of D
HTLV-1 encephalomyelopathy with direct infection of brain and spinal cord.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920058; Isaacson SH; Al-Attar A; Gajdusek DC; Gibbs CJ Jr; NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; Objective. We sought to determine which cells in the human central nervous system were directly infected with HTLV-1. Background. The pathogenesis of HTLV-1 associated neurological disease is unclear. Indirect mechanisms involving cytokines and other cytotoxic factors have been implicated. Direct infection of neurons
HIV Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase (TAK) that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl- terminal domain of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920059; Herrmann CH; Rice AP; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.; Efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) requires the viral transactivator proteins known as Tat. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in Tat transactivation, it is essential to identify the cellular target(s) of the Tat activation domain. Using an in vi
The HIV-1 Vpu protein specifically binds to the CD4 cytoplasmic domain: implications for the mechanism of CD4 degradation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:59. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920060; Bour S; Schubert U; Strebel K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD.; We have recently demonstrated that co-expression of Vpu and CD4 in HeLa cells results in the degradation of CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. The sensitivity of CD4 to Vpu- mediated degradation is conferred by the presence of specific sequences located between amino acids 402 and 420 in the CD4 cytoplasmic domain. In
Enhancement of viral infectivity by HIV-1 nef.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920061; Chowers M; Spina C; Richman D; Guatelli J; University of California, San Diego and the San Diego Department; of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, Ca.; Previous studies using T cell lines have shown a positive impact of the nef gene on the infectivity of HIV-1 virions and consequently a positive impact on viral growth rate. However, gene expression from established proviral DNA appears uneffected by Nef, suggesting that Nef influences early events in viral replicatio
Protein kinase activity in immunoprecipitates containing nef protein of SIVmac239.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920062; Lang SM; Jung JU; Desrosiers RC; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical; School, Southborough, MA.; The nef gene of the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac239/nef-open encodes a 34 kDa phosphoprotein. Although not necessary for virus replication in a variety of standard cell culture systems, the nef gene of SIVmac239 is dramatically important for viral replication in rhesus monkeys. To study the molecular basis of nef
Structural and functional studies on HIV-1 Vpr suggest the importance of a predicted alpha-helical amino-terminal domain.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920063; Di Marzio P; Choe S; Connor RI; Knoblauch R; Ebright M; Isakoff S; Landau NR; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, N.Y.; Vpr is a highly conserved gene of HIV/SIV that is important in AIDS pathogenesis but appears to play no role in infection of transformed cell-lines. Unlike the other HIV-1 regulatory gene products it is abundant in virions. A recent report suggested that Vpr facilitates import of the HIV-1 preintegration complex into
Genetic dissection of HIV-1 Vpr reveals distinct functional domains.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920064; Mahalingam S; Khan SA; Jabbar MA; Monken C; Collman R; Srinivasan A; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia.; HIV-1 vpr encodes a 96 amino acid protein and shares homology with vpr and vpx of HIV-2/SIV. The structural features of HIV-1 Vpr include an acidic N-terminal domain containing a putative amphipathic alpha helix(17-34), a middle region with potential to form a beta sheet (36-87), a conserved cysteine residue(76) and a
Targeting foreign proteins to human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 via fusion with Vpr and Vpx.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920065; Wu X; Liu H; Xiao H; Kim J; Seshaiah P; Natsoulis G; Boeke JD; Hahn BH; Kappes JC; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.; The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Vpr and Vpx proteins are incorporated into virions through virus type-specific interactions with the Gag precursor polyprotein. To examine whether Vpr and Vpx can be utilized to target foreign proteins to virions, their coding regions were fused in- frame with the bacterial staph
Examination of the role of the p6 gag protein in HIV-1 particle release.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920066; Huang M; Martin MA; Freed EO; NIH, Bethesda, MD.; The p6 Gag protein is derived from the C terminus of the p55 Gag precursor. Conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of p6 in virus particle production. In this study, we introduced a series of nonsense or amino acid substitution mutations throughout p6 in a full-length HIV-1 proviral clone. Truncatio
Effects of different types of radiation on HIV promoter- driven gene expression.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920067; Libertin CR; Panozzo J; Groh K; Chang-Liu CM; Schreck S; Woloschak G; Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.; Previous work has shown the modulation of HIV-LTR transcription after exposure to neutrons and ultraviolet radiations. Using HeLa cells stably transfected with a construct containing the CAT (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) gene, the transcription of which is mediated by the HIV-LTR, we designed experiments to exa
TAR- and Tat- independent replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human liver cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920068; Zhu M; Duan L; Pomerantz RJ; The Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Jefferson Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia. PA.; The molecular mechanisms involved in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may differ in various cell types and with various exogenous stimuli. As we have previously reported, astrocytic glial cells which can support HIV-1 replication in cell cultures and may be infected in vivo, are demonstra
HIV-1 Nef down-regulates CD4 by B-modal mechanism.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920069; Chandrasekhar S; Popov S; Gratton S; Sekaly RP; Venkatesan S; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIADI, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; Nef expression from a vaccinia vector reduced the surface expression of pre-synthesized CD4 by enhancing the receptor internalization in both the CD4+ T cell and HeLa cell lines. Nef induced endosomal sequestration and degradation of internalized CD4. This effect of Nef on CD4 was reversible to varying degrees by agen
Using the two-hybrid system to detect proteins interacting with HIV-1 Nef protein.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920070; Rheaume E; Livi GP; Sekaly RP; Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.; The simian immunodeficiency Nef protein was shown to be required for viremia and progression to AIDS. Nef is also known to down-regulate surface CD4 expression in human and mouse T cells. Given the fact that previous attempts by classical biochemical methods to identify proteins that interact with Nef were unsuccessfu
Effect of CD4 downregulation induced by nef on HIV replication.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920071; Gratton S; Chandrasekhar S; Yao XJ; Popov S; Tremblay M; Cohen E; Venkatesan S; Sekaly RP; IRCM, Montreal, Canada.; Nef is an early regulatory protein of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Both a positive and a negative regulatory effect of nef on HIV replication have been reported in the literature. One observation agreed upon, is the fact that expression of Nef in T cells leads to a downregulation of cell surface expression
Rapid screening of open reading frames of Nef by using an in vitro transcription and translation assay.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920072; Switzer WM; Heneine W; Centers for Disease Control Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Intact nef genes in SIV mac have been shown to be important for maintaining high viral loads and for the development of simian AIDS. Nucleotide substitutions that introduce premature stop codons, or deletions in the SIV Nef reading frame lead to low viral replication and absence of disease in SIV-infected macaques. Cu
Mutagenic analysis of Rev: Derivation of four classes of non-overlapping dominant interfering mutants.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920073; Venkatesan S; Nam YS; Jeong KS; Krishnan R; Coligan JE; LMM; LMS; NIAID, NIH Bethesda, MD.; We have previously shown that Rev-RRE interaction is not an essential prerequisite for Rev function since a Rev-MS2 coat protein fusion transactivates gagRNAs tagged with the MS2 translational operator. However the integrity of the Arginine rich domain in the N terminal half is still needed for function and it does no
HIV-1 Rev relieves masking of the Poly(A) tail.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920074; Campbell LH; Borg K; Arrigo SJ; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.; The HIV-1 Rev protein, has been implicated in control of the nuclear export, stability, and translation of HIV-1 RNAs. We have previously shown that Rev is required for the association of Poly(A) binding protein (PAB1) with the Rev- dependent HIV-1 RNAs in lymphoid cells. PAB1 has been demonstrated to be important for
Aberrant gag protein composition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vif mutant produced in lymphocytes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920075; Simm M; Shahabuddin M; Chao W; Volsky DJ; Molecular Virology Laboratory, Columbia Univ.; The vif protein of HIV-1 is essential for productive, spreading infection of PMBC with HIV-1. To study the requirement for vif in this system we infected PMBC with phenotypically complemented HIV-1 clone mutated in vif. Progeny virus was produced which was noninfectious in PMBC but which replicated in SupT1 cells. Ana
Vif mutants of HIV-1 Zr6 are defective in virus binding and entry in primary lymphocytes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920076; Nagashunmugam T; Friedman HM; Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.; Studies from several groups have shown that vif mutants are defective either in virus maturation or virus infectivity. Vif is necessary for virus infection of primary lymphocytes and macrophages, but not essential for infection of some established T cell lines. In an effort to understand the function of vif, we constr
The vif protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920077; The vif protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1) is essential for productive, spreading infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) with HIV-1. To study the requirement for vif in this system we infected PMBC with phenotypically complemented HIV-1 clone mutated in vif. Progeny virus was produ
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by targeting Vpr fusion proteins to virions.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920078; Wu X; Liu H; Xiao H; Conway J; Decker J; Kim J; Boeke JD; Hahn BH; Kappes JC; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.; The HIV-1 vpr gene encodes a 14.5 kDA virion associated accessory protein. Since the Vpr protein is packaged into virions it may be possible to interfere with virus replication by fusing Vpr with foreign proteins. To test whether Vpr fusion proteins were capable of incorporating into virions, the vpr coding region was
The HIV-1 Vpu has on channel forming activity.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920079; Schubert U; Henklein P; Bour S; Federau T; Oblatt MM; Montal M; Strebel K; NIH, Bethesda, MD.; The HIV-1 specific Vpu is an 81 amino acid homo-oligomeric amphipathic integral membrane phosphoprotein which is involved in the induction of CD4 degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and which also regulates the release of progeny virions from the cell surface. The combined results of structural and biochemic
Temporal patterns of cellular gene expression during acute HIV-1 infection of H-9 cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920080; Schilling B; Chokekijchai S; Mitsuya H; Staudt L; Zeichner S; Pediatric, Medicine, and Metabolism Branches, NCI, NIH Bethesda,; MD.; Most viruses, including HIV, regulate the expression of their genes in a tightly controlled, temporally restricted fashion: The expression of early regulatory genes generally precedes the expression of late, largely structural genes. Since may cellular functions are required for a productive infection, we hypothesized
Influence of cell cycle on constitutive and induced HIV-1 expression is cell line dependent.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920081; Roberts BD; Fang G; Folks TM; Butera ST; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Because of an inherent dependence on host cell second and third messenger signaling pathways for activation of HIV-1 from latency, a potential relationship exists between the induction of latent HIV-1 and cell-cycle-related events. To investigate this potential relationship, cellular models of latent HIV-1 infection (
Mycobacterium avium complex activates transcription directed by the long terminal repeat of HIV-1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920082; Ghassemi M; Asadi FK; Spear GT; Andersen BR; Roebuck KA; Novak RM; University of Illinois, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical; Center, Chicago, IL.; Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is one of the most frequently reported late opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Since both HIV and MAC are intracellular pathogens of cells of the macrophage lineage, coinfection of these cells with both pathogens may exist in vivo. We have already shown
The effects of cisplatin and methotrexate on the expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920083; Libertin CR; Panozzo J; Panozzo J; Akan E; Woloschak GE; Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL.; Previous work be many groups has documented the induction of HIV-LTR after exposure of cells or whole animals to ultraviolet (UV) light and other DNA-damaging agents. In these experiments we set out to determine whether exposure to cancer chemotherapeutic agents (some of which cause DNA damage) had any effect on expre
The p21 Ras pathway participates in the activation of NF-kB in HIV-infected U937 monocytes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920084; Folgueira L; Macmorran W; Algeciras A; Paya CV; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.; The regulation of HIV persistence in the monocyte-macrophage reservoir remains unknown. HIV infection of monocytes and macrophages results in activation of NF-kB, a transcription factor that regulates the HIV-LTR. To determine whether this specific virus host transcription factor interaction regulates viral persistenc
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral latency is associated with alteration in nuclear factor-kappa B moieties in monocytic cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920085; Oakes JW; Bagasra O; Duan L; Pomerantz RJ; The Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories,Jefferson Medical College,; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.; Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication is controlled by a complex array of virally encoded and cellular proteins. Chronic states of restricted replication of HIV-1 may be maintained in vitro in various cell lines. These states of proviral latency are associated with alterations in nuclear factor-kappa
HIV-1 latency in the astrocyte: the role of intracellular factors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920086; Conant K; Atwood W; Monaco MCG; Klotman ME; Dayton A; Major EO; NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; The human astrocyte can be infected with HIV-1 both in vivo and in vitro. However, p24 production is low as compared to that in the macrophage or lymphocyte. Limited viral entry and a subsequent limit in the number of infected cells has been demonstrated to contribute to low p24 production from astrocytes. Yet even wh
HIV-1 tropism for T-lymphoid cell lines: role of the V3 loop and other envelope determinants.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920087; Carrillo A; Ratner L; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.; While several groups have shown that the V3 loop of the HIV- 1 gp120 env glycoprotein is a minimal determinant necessary for establishing infection in macrophages, our studies indicated that a second determinant in env, in addition to the V3 loop, was necessary for infection of T-cell lines. Earlier studies had narrow
V3-independent determinants of macrophage tropism in a primary HIV-1 isolate.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920088; Collman R; Srinivasan A; Kim F; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Thomas; Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.; HIV-1 isolates differ in their ability to productively infect macrophages, and several groups have mapped the genetic basic for macrophage (M)-tropism to regions of env that include the third hypervariable (V3) loop. We recently described a primary isolate (89.6) which is highly M-tropic yet differs from other M-tropi
Differential tropism of HIV-1 isolates for brain capillary endothelial cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920089; Stenglein SG; Moses AV; Chesebro B; Wehrly K; Nelson JA; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland & Rocky Mountain; Laboratories, Hamilton, MT.; The endothelia cells lining the microvessels of the brain are a major constituent of the blood brain barrier (BBB). In agreement with in vivo observations that HIV infects brain endothelial cells, we have shown that primary human brain capillary endothelial (HBCE) cells can be productively infected with HIV in vitro.
Repression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription is induced by multimerization of CD4.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920090; Tremblay M; Berube P; Bernier R; Cantin R; Briand G; Lamontagne G; Laboratoire d'Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL,; Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada.; We have recently demonstrated that, in addition to its essential role as the primary cellular receptor for HIV, the CD4 glycoprotein can transduce a signal that will negatively modulate replication of integrated viral DNA (Tremblay, M. et al., EMBO J. 1994, 13:774). The signal was induced by the binding of the virus t
Specificity of HIV env/CD4-mediated fusion.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920091; Broder CC; Nussbaum O; Feng Y; Berger EA; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; We have employed a newly developed vaccinia-based reporter gene activation assay to analyze two aspects of cell-cell fusion specificity mediated by HIV-1 env/CD4 interaction: a) The requirement that CD4 be expressed on a human cell type. We and others have shown that this restriction is associated with an unidentified
Distinct domains of the HIV-1 envelope protein confer entry via galactosyl ceramide.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920092; Harouse JM; Collman R; Shieh J; Gonzalez SF; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center.; Galactosylceramide (GalCer) may function as an alternative receptor for the HIV-1 surface protein, gp120, and many HIV-1 isolates can infect cells expressing GalCer. To study the viral determinants responsible for Gal Cer dependent entry in a neural cell line, SK-N-MC, we first identified cloned viruses for which thes
Evidence of involvement of the transmembrane protein cytoplasmic domain in the release of HIV-2 virus-like particles.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920093; Ritter GD JR; Mulligan MJ; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; Passage of HIV-2 or SIV in certain human cell types leads to env mutations yielding TM proteins with truncated cytoplasmic domains. Our studies and others have concluded that this adaptation modulates biological activities of the glycoprotein complex, including fusion activity, CD4 binding, and incorporation into viru
Quantitative study of HLA-DR Molecule incorporated within HIV-1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920094; Cantin R; Tremblay M; Laboratorie d'Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Ste-Foy; Quebec, Canada.; New HIV virons budding from host cell incorporate HLAQ-DR glycoproteins and some other structures. We have developed a model consisting of two EBV transformed B cell lines to study the phenomenon of MHC-II structures incorporation by HIV-1. Raji cells express high amounts of MHC-II molecules, while a cellular clone of
Determinant of the syncytium inducing deficiency of the envelope glycoprotein of a primary HIV2 isolate (HIV2ALI) are located in the surface glycoprotein.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920095; Taveira NC; Santos Ferreria MO; Moniz Pereira; J. Fac. Pharmacy of Lisbon, Portugal.; To study the determinants of cytopathogenicity of HIV2 we expressed in vaccinia virus the envelope glycoprotein of a NSI primary HIV2 isolate, HIV2ALI. Indirect immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP-PAGE) analysis has shown that this envelope glycoprotein is efficiently processed and transported to the
Snyctium induction by NSI HIV-1 in primary T-cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920096; Kedar P; Todd BJ; Pope JH; Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Center, Brisbane, Australia.; Strains of HIV-1 can be classified according to sequence variation, cell tropism and ability to form syncytia in T- cell lines. We examined the ability of isolates of HIV-1 to induce syncytia and to replicate in MT-2 cells and primary colony-derived CD4+ T-cell lines. The T-cell lines were generated by stimulating PBM
Fusion of implanted HIV GP120/41- expressing cells with native CD4+ cells in cultured human lymphoid tissue.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920097; Margolis L; Glushakova S; Baibakov B; Zimmerberg J; LTPB, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda.; While glycoprotein gp 120/41 early causes HIV-infected cells to form syncytia in monolayers and in suspension, there is unfortunately scant knowledge on syncytia formation in tissues. We implanted fluorescently labeled gp120/41- expressing HL2/3 cells inside blocks of human lymphoid tissue kept in long-term histocultu
HIV-1 envelope expressing T-cell line for evaluating cell- cell fusion.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920098; Moir S; Poulin L; CHUL, and U. Laval Que., Canada.; An important mode of HIV-1 propagation is through cell-cell contact between infected cells expressing HIV-1 gp120/gp41 at their surface CD4 positive cells. HIV-1 chronically infected cells are frequently used as effectors in studies on cell-cell fusion events, with the inherent disadvantages of an infectious and varia
Regulation of HIV-1 protease activity and cytotoxicity.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920099; Huffman KM; Favaro JP; Gatlin JE; Arrigo SJ; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.; Human immunodeficiency virus-1 Protease (PR) must be regulated in order cleave the Gag and Gag/Pol precursors subsequent to viral budding. PR must multimerize to become activity. We have developed proviral constructs containing PR to investigate the role of Gag and multmerization in PR activity and cytotoxicity. We ha
Efficient proteolytic processing of human spumaretrovirus gag polyprotein.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:67. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920100; Goepfert PA; Ritter GD JR; Zhang Y; Mulligan MJ; The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL.; Objectives: 1) To establish a recombinant expression system for the Gag and Env proteins of the human spumaretrovirus (HSRV); and 2)To analyze the assembly, budding, and maturation of the Gag and Env polyproteins. Methods: DNA fragments containing HSRV gag, pol, or env were excised from an infectious HSRV DNA clone (p
HIV-1 matrix protein is sufficient for particle formation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:67. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920101; Giddings AM; Ritter GD JR; MUlligan MJ; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; Objectives: To investigate the role of the matrix (MA) protein in HIV-1 particle assembly and glycoprotein incorporation. Methods: Wild type or mutant gag, pol and env genes were expressed using recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVV). Metabolic labelling, immunoprecipation, and SDS-PAGE were used to assess expression and
Interactions of HIV-1 nucleocapsid with reverse transcriptase.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:67. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920102; Drummond JE; Waters D; Mounts P; Henderson L; Gorelick R; Arthur L; PRI/Dyncorp, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research; and Development Center, Frederick, MD.; HIV-1 nucleocapsid (p7) has been shown to facilitate annealing of nucleic acid strands and may interact with the reverse transcriptase (RT) in as yet undefined ways. We have found that under certain in vitro conditions p7 will enhance RT activity. A PCR product containing the T7 promoter and 802 bases of HIV-1 clone p
Furin is an important but not essential protease for maturation on gp160 of HIV-1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:67. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920103; Gu ML; Rappaport J; Leppla SH; National Institute of Dental Research, NIH.; The envelope glycoproteins of HIV are required for viral infectivity. Proteolysis of the precursor envelope gp160 results in the formation of gp120 on the virion surface and gp41 as a small transmembrane glycoprotein. Cleavage occurs at the end of the sequence -Arg-Glu-Lys-Arg-. This sequence can be recognized by the
HIV-antiviral phospholipid, AC2 alters HIV binding and intracellular uptake of AZT in PBMC.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:67. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920104; Novak RM; Szymanski D; Pidgeon C; University of Illinois, Chicago, IL.; Heteroatom fatty acid analogs of myristic acid such as 12=1 methoxydodecanoic acid (12MO) can inhibit HIV replication, presumably by interrupting the processing of the GAG precursor. When 12MO is attached to a phospholipid (PL) backbone, antiviral activity is greatly increased, and marked synergy with
Phospholipid analog inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920105; Thompson J; Iyer N; Poduval R; Ishaq K; Morris-Natschke S; Kucera L; Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston; Salem, NC.; Phospholipid (PL) analogs of platelet activating factor have potent and selective activity against HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120)-CD4 interaction in productively infected CEM-SS cells measured by inhibition of cell fusion. Fusogenic activities in the presence of PL were further analyzed using a highly versatile r
Deoxyguanosine and thymidine containing oligonucleotide (GTO) blocks replication of HIV-1 in human peripheral blood cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920106; Ojwang J; Buckheit R; Rando R; Triplex Pharm. Corp., The Woodlands, TX.; Abstract: T30177 is an oligonucleotide with natural phosphodiester (PD) backbone composed of only deoxyguanosine and thymidine (GTO)). It is 17-nt in length and able to significantly inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) production in acute infection assays. This molecule has been synthesized with phosphor
Antiviral activity of racemates and enantiomers of novel 5- substituted-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920107; Schinazi F; El Kattan YA; Liotta DC; Georgia VA Research Center for AIDS and HIV Infection, VA Medical; Center, Decatur, Georgia.; Studies on oxathiolane cytosine nucleosides have resulted in the advanced clinical development of important compounds for the treatment of HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. A new series of 5-substituted derivatives of 2 ,3 -dideoxy- 3 -thiapyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized. Stereoselective coupling of
A new class of anti-viral drugs attack highly conserved zinc fingers in retroviral nucleocapsid proteins.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920108; Henderson LE; Sowder RC II; Kane B; Casas-Finet JR; Arthur LO; Rice WG; PRI/DynCorp, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick MD.; All nucleocapsid (NC) proteins of the Oncovirinae and Lentivirinae subfamilies of Retroviridae contain sequences of 14 amino acids with 4 invariant residues, Cys(X)(2)Cys(X)(4)His(X)(4)Cys, which chelate zinc through histidine imidazole and cysteine thiolates. These structures are referred to as retroviral CCHC zinc f
Inhibition of HIV production by Hygromycin B.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920109; Gatti P; Garry RF; Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana.; Hygromycin B, an aminoglycoside, is a potent translational inhibitor, but is generally impermeable to cultured mammalian cells. Infection by certain cytolytic viruses, including picornaviruses and togaviruses, has been shown to render cells permeable to hygromycin B and susceptible to protein synthesis inhibition by t
Specific inhibition Of HIV infection by a G-quartet forming oligonucleotide.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920110; Buckheit RW; Wyatt JR; Ecker DJ; Southern Research Institute, Frederick, MD.; lSlS 5320, the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide TTGGGGTT, is a specific inhibitor of HIV-1 infection both in vitro and in vivo. The active form of the oligonucleotide is a parallel- stranded tetramer stabilized by G-quartets. In vitro experiments showed that ISIS 5320 bound to the V3 loop of the HIV envelope protein g
Antiretroviral and cytotoxic effects of lithium gamma- linolenate (EF-13) in mononuclear cells acutely infected with HIV.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920111; Mpanju O; Conway B; Randall S; Kumar D; Winther M; At 20 micrograms/mL, EF-13 was previously reported to selectively kill H9 cells chronically infected with HIV-1 RF. In that setting, a sub-cytotoxic concentration (10 micrograms/mL) was inhibitory to virus-induced syncytium formation. Using mononuclear cells (MCs) acutely infected with HTLV-3B or G910-6 isolates of HI
Inhibition of HIV-1 activation in chronically infected cells by flavonoid compounds.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920112; Critchfield JW; Butera ST; Folks TM; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Certain flavonoids can inhibit acute HIV-1 infection of H9 and other cells, and evidence for inhibition of viral protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase by flavonoids also exists. The present aim was to determine whether flavonoids inhibit HIV-1 activation in models of latent infection. Among a group of flavono
A cellular protein that binds HIV RRE RNA and several structured RNAs is an inhibitor of the interferon induced PKR kinase in vitro and in vivo.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920113; Venkatesan S; Park H; Cosentino G; Nam Y; Jacobs BL; Davies M; Kaufman RJ; Sonenberg N; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; We have cloned and characterized a cellular protein that bound to the HIV-1 Rev responsive element (RRE) RNA and was identical to the previously reported HIV-1 TAR RNA binding protein (TRBP). E. coli expressed TRBP displayed binding affinities for a broad range of RNAs, with a 11 bp GC rich RNA duplex constituting the
Redirecting anthrax toxin to HIV infected cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920114; Teixeira AV; Leppla SH; Laboratory of Microbial Ecology. NIDR, NIH. Bethesda, MD.; Protective antigen (PA) of anthrax toxin is an 82-kDa protein that binds, through a region located at its carboxy terminus, to a receptor on eukaryotic cells. Here it is cleaved at its amino terminus by a cell surface protease exposing a high affinity binding site to which the enzymatically active lethal factor (LF) o
A comparison of the potentiation mechanisms of anti-HIV-1 activities of 2',3'-dideoxynucleo-sides by hydroxyurea.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920115; Gao WY; Chokekijchai S; Johns DG; Mitsuya H; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; The mechanisms of the potentiation by hydroxyurea (HU) of 2 , 3 -dideoxy-nucleoside (ddNs) activities against HIV-1 replication have been studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. At low concentrations (0.02-0.1 mM), HU inhibited intracellular dATP formation, whereas it stimulated formations of dTTP and dCTP. Whi
Exposure to hydroxyurea in combination with zidovudine does not increase activity against HIV in vitro.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920116; Rana KZ; Darnowski JW; Dudley MN; Drusano GL; Bilello JA; Univ Rhode Island College Of Pharmacy, Roger Williams Cancer; Center, Providence, RI.; Recent studies have reported that hydroxyurea (HU) has activity against HIV in vitro but at concentrations associated with clinical toxicity in humans. Secondly, zidovudine (ZDV) metabolites are increased in the presence of HU. This study investigated the antiretroviral effects of lower concentrations of HU with ZDV.
HBY 097, a new quinoxaline derivative with highly potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920117; Rosner M; Bender R; Billhardt UM; Dienst K; Kirsch R; Kleim JP; Meichsner C; Paessens A; Riess G; Winkler I; Hoechst AG, General Pharma Research,Frankfurt, Germany.; A new class of non-nucleoside heterocyclic inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) emerged from the screening of heterocycles for anti-HIV activity. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships in a series of selected quinoxaline derivatives will be discussed. Compounds
HBY 097, in vitro antiviral profile against HIV-1 in acute and persistent infection systems: combined drug interaction with different inhibitors of HIV-1 or other viruses.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920118; Paessens A; Blunck M; Kleim JP; Meichsner C; Riess G; Rosner M; Rubsamen HW; Winkler I; Bayer AG, Institute of Virology, Germany.; HBY 097 is one of the most active inhibitors of HIV-1 compared to other non-nucleosidic or substrate based RT inhibitors. Apart from subtype B of HIV-1, HBY 097 is similarly effective against subtype C and E. The in vitro tolerability of HBY 097 is excellent. This new type of NNRTI also inhibits the spread of HIV-1 wh
Topotecan inhibits HIV replication in a topotecan resistant cell line and induces mutations in HIV-1 LTR.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920119; Zhang L; Sharma P; Crumpacker C; Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.; Object- To infect a topotecan (TPT) resistant cell line with HIV-1 to determine if TPT inhibits HIV replication and induces TPT associated mutations. Methods- A human T-cell lymphoblastiod leukemia cell line (CPT-K5) which is resistant to topotecan and contains a mutated topoimerase I enzyme (obtained from Dr. Andoh)
Safety and efficacy of soluble CD4-pseudomonas exotoxin 40 in HIV infected individuals (ACTG 201).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920120; Fiscus S; Wathen L; Alston B; Flexner C; Kumar P; Lertura J; Meehan P; Mitsuyasu R; Wood K; Batts D; et al; ACTG, Bethesda, MD.; A total of 64 patients were enrolled in a dose-escalating trial of sCD4-PE40 in ACTG 201, 47 at once a week therapy for 8 weeks and 17 at 5 times a week treatment for 4-8 weeks. The MTD for the once a week cohort was 320 micrograms/m2 and for 5 times a week was 64 microns/m2. Hepatotoxicity was the only dose limiting
A selected peptide binds the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) rev effector domain and inhibits HIV-1 replication.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920121; Margolis DM; Fritz CC; Green MR; The Univ. of Maryland Medical Biotechology Center, Baltimore, MD.; The shift from spliced messages expressed early in the HIV lifecycle to unspliced ones expressed at later times is mediated by the viral Rev protein. Viruses lacking a functional Rev protein cannot replicate. As a threshold quantity of Rev is required for function, Rev is an excellent target for specific antiviral age
Targeting deleterious enzymes to HIV/SIV virions.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920122; Fletcher TM III; Seshaiah P; McPherson S; Newman MA; Wu X; Kappes JC; Boeke JD; Hahn BH; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; Accessory protein-targeted viral inactivation represents a new concept in the area of anti-HIV/SIV drug discovery. The strategy involves targeting of a candidate antiviral agent, e.g., Staphylococcal nuclease (SN), to the HIV/SIV particle via fusion to accessory proteins, e.g., vpx or vpr. which are packaged into viri
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor: a human saliva protein exhibiting Anti-HIV-1 activity.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920123; McNeely TB; Dripps DJ; Eisenberg SP; Wahl SM; NIDR, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; Infection of adherent primary monocytes with HIV-1(Ba-L) is significantly suppressed in the presence of human saliva. Saliva present for 1 hour during exposure of monocytes to virus inhibited HIV propagation for three weeks postinfection. Human plasma and synovial fluid had no such antiviral activity. Activity was loc
Structure-Based design of carboxamide-containing 4- hydroxycoumarin-derived non-peptidic HIV protease inhibitors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920124; Thaisrivongs S; Turner SR; Strohbach JW; Tomich PK; Watenpaugh KD; Chong K-T; Howe WJ; Ruwart MJ; Zipp GL; Schwende FJ; et al; Upjohn Laboratories, Kalamazoo, MI.; Phenprocoumon was previously reported as a non-peptidic HIV protease inhibitory lead template. Based upon the X-ray crystal structure of its complex with HIV protease, we also reported an iterative cycle structure-based design that led to U-96988 as our first-generation candidate currently under clinical studies. The
HIV protease inhibitors do not prevent cell death during single-cycle HIV infection of CEM-ss cells in vitro.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920125; Humprey RW; Mitsuya H; Yarchoan R; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD.; HIV protease inhibitors (PI) target the virus-encoded aspartic protease, which is essential in the processing of viral polyproteins. The role of the viral protease and the effect of PL on HIV-induced cytopathicity is unclear. In the current study, high concentration
Preclinical toxicokinetic studies with AG1343, an orally bioavailable HIV-1 protease inhibitor.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920126; Webber S; Khalil D; Kosa M; Patrick A; Shetty B; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA.; AG1343 is a non-peptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitor (ki=2 nM) with potent in vitro antiviral activity against different HIV-1 strains, HIV-2, chronically infected CEM-SS cells and viral strains resistant to reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The ED50 values in these tests ranged from 9 to 60nM. Cytotoxicity was observed
The uptake and anti-HIV activity of A80987 is inhibited by alpha 1- acid glycoprotein in vitro.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920127; Bilello JA; Bilello PA; Leonard J; Norbeck D; Robins T; Drusano GL; Albany Medical College, Albany NY.; The therapeutic utility of an HIV protease inhibitor may depend upon its intracellular concentration, which is a property of its uptake, metabolism and/or efflux. Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that the addition of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) to the medium, markedly increased the amount of drug req
In vitro induction HIV-1 with reduced sensitivity to HIV protease inhibitors, KNI-227 and KNI-272.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920128; Anderson B; Kageyama S; Ueno T; Shirasaka T; Liu B; Gulnick S; Erickson J; Mitsuya H; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; KNI-227 and KNI-272 are transition-state mimetic tripeptide HIV protease inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine with a hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere and both are highly potent against a wide spectrum of HIV strains in vitro. Clinical trails of KNI-272 are under
Cyclic urea inhibitors of HIV protease.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920129; Erickson-Vitanen S; Hodge CN; Aldrich PE; Aldrich; Bacheler LT; Chang C-H; Eyermann CJ; Grubb M; Jackson DA; Jadhav PK; et al; The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, DE.; We previously described the use of structure-based drug design techniques to discover a novel series of potent inhibitors of the HIV protease designated cyclic ureas (Lam, et al, SCIENCE, 263:380-384, 1994). Cyclic ureas incorporate the hydrogen-bonding equivalents of a structural water molecule into a conformationall
Inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity through mixed disulfide formation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920130; Davis DA; Dorsey KB; Fales HM; Wingfield PT; Stahl SJ; Kaufman J; Levine RL; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and The protein; Expression Laboratory, Bethesda MD.; The homodimeric protease from the human immunodeficiency virus is required for the processing of viral polyproteins during the assembly of viral particles. The HIV-1 protease contains two highly conserved cysteine residues, Cys-67 and Cys-95, which are particularly susceptible to oxidation. Using recombinant HIV-1 pro
CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in persons with AIDS and tuberculosis, United States, 1992-1993.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920131; Jones JL; Fleming PL; Ciesielski CA; Burgess DA; JW Ward Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, Atlanta,; GA.; Objective: To characterize CD4+ counts in HIV-infected persons with pulmonary tuberculosis indicative of AIDS (PTB- AIDS). Methods: We evaluated reported CD4+ counts conducted within +6 months of PTB diagnosis among adults/adolescents with PTB and any other AIDS-related illness diagnosed in 1992 or 1993 and reported t
Species distribution in HIV-related mycobacterioses: implications for empiric therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:131. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920132; Montessori VC; Phillips p; Montaner JSG; Bessuille ET; Black W; AIDS Research Program, St Paul's Hospital (SPH) and the; Provincial Laboratory, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.; Background/Objectives: Mycobacterial species identification may be delayed, and this has implications regarding prognosis, drug selection, and infection control practices. The study objective was to determine the species distribution of mycobacterial isolates from various sites in HIV patients. Methods: All SPH mycoba
Improved outcome of HIV-infected patients with multidrug- resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) in a nonoutbreak setting at an inner-city hospital in New York City.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920133; Turett G; Telzak E; Torian L; Blum S; Weisfuse I; Fazal B; Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY.; Described outbreaks of MDRTB (resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin) were notable for high rates of HIV coinfection, delayed reporting of identification and susceptibilities of isolates (2-6 months), high case fatality rates (72-89%) and rapid progression of disease from diagnosis to death (median interval, 4-
Factors predicting TB diagnosis (Dx) in HIV+ patients (Pts) showing AFB/mycobacteria in respiratory specimens by smear +/or culture.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920134; Fisher E; Settle J; VCU/Medical College of Virginia, Richmond VA.; The incidence of TB in Richmond and of AIDS in Virginia is moderately high: about 24/100,000 population. 2/3 of our TB occurs in pts with CD4 less than 200 where difficulties in TB dx result from skin test anergy, presence of M. avium (MAC), frequent abnormal chest xrays (CxR) and symptoms. By retrospective review fro
PPD response and HIV viral burden among HIV-infected IDUs.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920135; Manoff SB; Farzadegan H; Astemborski JA; Vlahov D; Bonds MB; Rizzo RT; Graham NMH; Johns Hopkins School of Public Heath, Baltimore, MD.; Objective: To examine the relationship between PPD reactivity and plasma HIV viral burden. Methods: HIV- infected injecting drug users (IDUs) were given intradermal skin tests with tuberculin (PPD), candida, mumps, and tetanus antigens; for all tests, responses of greater than or equal to 2mm induration were detectabl
Sensitivity and specificity of tuberculin antigen of multitest CMI(R) device.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920136; Gourevitch MN; Hartel D; Schoenbaum EE; Klein RS; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, NY.; Objectives: We investigated the sensitivity (sens) and specificity (spec) of the tuberculin antigen of a device widely used to test HIV (+) persons for cutaneous anergy (Multitest CMI(R), Merieux, Miami). Methods: Patients (pts) in a study of HIV in drug users receiving methadone treatment were tested for anergy with
Similar induration sizes in HIV (+) and HIV (-) PPD reactors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920137; Gourevitch MN; Hartel D; Schoenbaum EE; Klein RS; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, NY.; Objectives: Different criteria to define induration indicative of TB infection are used in HIV (+) and HIV (-) patients (greater than or equal to 5mm and greater than or equal to 10mm, respectively). We investigated the distribution of PPD induration size by HIV serologic status. Methods: Patients (pts) in a study of
Similar induration sizes in HIV (+) and HIV (-) PPD reactors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920137; Gourevitch MN; Hartel D; Schoenbaum EE; Klein RS; Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, NY.; Objectives: Different criteria to define induration indicative of TB infection are used in HIV (+) and HIV (-) patients (greater than or equal to 5mm and greater than or equal to 10mm, respectively). We investigated the distribution of PPD induration size by HIV serologic status. Methods: Patients (pts) in a study of
Rifabutin prophylaxis for prevention of Mycobacterium avium infection decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis:: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920138; Singh P MD; Rose DN MD; Sacks HS MD; Elmhurst Hospital Center and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New; York, NY.; Objective: To perform a decision analysis and cost- effectiveness analysis to determine the overall effectiveness of rifabutin prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease (DMAC) in patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts less than 100 cells/microliter. Methods: We used a Markov model and publishe
Uveitogenic activity of Rifabutin and Clarithromycin in the Mycobacterium avium-infected beige mice.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920139; Opremcak EM; Cynamon M; The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.; Uveitis has been reported in PWA receiving rifabutin (RIF) in combination with clarithromycin (CLA) for the treatment of disseminated M. avium infections (DMAC). A study was under taken in the immunocompromised beige mouse to determine whether this ocular lesion was associated with antigenic material from killed M. av
Does MAC affect intracellular rifabutin (RIF) exposure in the beige mouse?.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920140; Lewis RC; Staubus AE; Overmyer SK; Colborn D; Young LS; Kolonoski PT; Azouaou N; Narang PK; Medical Research Center, Pharmacia Inc., Columbus, OH.; RIF is approved for the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection. It is also undergoing clinical development for the treatment of disseminated MAC disease in patients with AIDS. Though the beige mouse has been used extensively as a MAC infection model
A population study of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis, incidence of MAC infections and anemia requiring transfusion in HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920141; Kravcik S; Toye B; Fyke K; Hawley-Foss N; Fillion D; Yurack J; Cameron DW; Univ. of Ottawa/Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.; The OGH is the sole regional hospital provider of laboratory mycobacterial culture and HIV referral care. We compared the rates of mycobacterial infections and RBC transfusions in the HIV population during the year before ( 92) and after ( 93) marketing of rifabutin for M. avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis. From all sou
Survival and economic implications of long-term prophylaxis for MAC in persons with HIV infection and a CD4+ cell count of 100 or less: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920142; Simpson KN DrPH; Revicki D PhD; LaValle R MPH; Battelle, Arlington VA.; The Public Health Service Task Force on Prophylaxis and Therapy for Mycobacterium recommended that AIDS patients with CD4 counts below 100 cells per mm3 receive 300mg rifabutin daily as prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex (Masur NEJM 1993 329(12) 898-904. To examine the implications of this recommendation
The Canadian randomized open-label trial of combination therapy for MAC bacteremia: quality of life outcomes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920143; Singer J; Fanning M; Thorne A; Turgeon F; Duperval R; Schlech W; Shafran S; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, Canada.; OBJECTIVE: A randomized open-label trial is comparing the efficacy and safety of two alternative drug regimens in HIV+ patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). This abstract describes the results observed in the combined cohort with regard to laboratory and health status measures. Methods: The Karnofsky score,
Determination of impact of a standard therapy on Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in blood and bone marrow in HIV-positive patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:143. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920144; The DATRI 007 Study Group; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.; We studied 11 patients the new, blood culture-positive (at screening) MAC disease. Patients had a bone marrow biopsy (BMB) at baseline and were randomly assigned to a repeat BMB at either 4 or 8 weeks of therapy with the combination of clarithromycin (500 mg q 12h) plus ethambutol (15 mg/kg q 24 h). Serial quantitativ
Worldwide studies suggest that rifabutin regimens are safe and effective for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920145; Wynne B; Sullam P; Olliaro P; Morelli P; Pirotta N; Schoenfelder J; Sassella D; Pharmacia Inc., Dublin, OH.; Patients with AIDS (n=422) received antimycobacterial treatment for disseminated MAC in tow, double-blind, controlled, clinical studies in Europe and the U.S. In the European study (# NTMT 001), 382 patients received either rifabutin, 450 mg/d or 600 mg/d, in combination with clofazimine, 100 mg/d, and ethambutol appr
Limited survival of patients with AIDS-associated disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) treated with 3 drug regimen.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920146; Maggio C; Irizarry A; Padilla M; Dickinson G; Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL.; The optimal treatment of dMAC is undefined and the long term benefit unknown. We performed a randomized, open trial of ethambutol 15 mg/kg/d and clofazimine 100 mg/d with either azithromycin 1000 mg/d or clarithromycin, 1000 mg bid in the treatment of dMAC in 20 pts diagnosed by blood culture or bone marrow biopsy. Al
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC): Correlation between blood cultures and tissue burden in AIDS patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920147; Torriani F; Behling C; McCutchan JA; Haubrich R; Keays L; Havlir D; University of California, San Diego, CA.; BACKGROUND: MAC quantitative blood cultures are used to evaluate therapeutic response, but the relationship of this measurement to tissue burden is not known. To determine the relationship between quantitative MAC cultures in blood and tissues and the influence of therapy, we prospectively correlated histopathology an
Elevated serum neopterin (Neo) level as a marker for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) in HIV- infected children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920148; Wheeler SF; Church JA; Childrens Hospital Los Angeles & USC School of Medicine, Los; Angeles, Ca.; Objectives: To test the hypothesis that elevated serum Neo levels in HIV-infected children are related to disease progression and DMAC infection. Methods: Medical record reviews and serum neopterin assays were performed on 46 HIV- infected children; patients (pts) were classified as P1 (asymptomatic) (5), P2(ARC)(12)
Survival of AIDS patients coinfected with Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920149; Jouan M; McCutchan JA; Bartok A; University of California, San Diego.; Background: CMV and MAC are common opportunists of AIDS patients with CD4 counts less than 50, but the influence on survival of coinfection with MAC and CMV is not understood. Objectives: 1) Describe the chronology of onset of CMV and MAC infections in HIV-posit
Inhibition of Mycobacterium avium growth by cytokine activated neutrophils from HIV negative donors and AIDS patients in vitro.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920150; Newman GW; Guarnaccia JR; Remold HG; Kazanjian PH Jr; Harvard Medical School/Brigham & Women's Hospital Boston, MA.; Mycobacterium avium infection is a consequence of late stage HIV-1 infection. These patients are frequently neutropenic which may add to diminished host resistance to M. avium infections. We have found that addition of recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to neutrophils from HIV negative donors si
An animal model for mycobacterium haemophilum infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920151; Atkinson BA; Bocanegra R; Graybill JR; The Univ of TX Hlth Sci Ctr at San Antonio, Audie L Murphy Mem; Vet Hosp San Antonio, TX.; M. haemophilum is a recently recognized pathogen in AIDS patients. There is no standard approach to treatment. We developed an animal model of disseminated M. haemophilum infection in athymic mice. This is characterized by disseminated infection in spleen and lungs following a subcutaneous (SQ) challenge of M. haemoph
Mycobacterium celatum sp. nov. infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): description of a new opportunistic pathogen.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920152; Bonomo RA; Briggs JM; Graham RG; Ward AL; Hassan M; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.; Opportunistic infection (OI) by nontuberculous mycobacteria is a well recognized complication of late infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Mycobacterium celatum sp. nov. is a nonphotochromogenic, slow growing bacteria that is being reported as a pathogen of clinical importance. We here describe a case of i
Combination of 5-flucytosine and capsule-binding monoclonal antibody in therapy of murine Cryptococcus neoformans infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920153; Feldmesser M; Mukherjee J; Casadevall A; Albert Einstein Coll. of Medicine, Bronx, NY.; The difficulty in treating C. neoformans infections in patients with AIDS has renewed interest in the use of the fungicidal agent 5-flucytosine (5FC) and in the development of adjunctive immunotherapy. The therapeutic efficacy of the lgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2H1 to the C. neoformans capsular polysaccharide has p
Response to fluconazole (Flu) in HIV patients (pts) with oral candidiasis: pharmacological and mycological.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920154; Lacassin F; Damond F; Longuet P; Chochillon J; Lebras J; Leport C; Vilde JL; Univ Paris 7. Hop Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France.; To identify factors which influence clinical response to Flu, we isolated the strains of Candida, at D0 and D14, from 23 HIV pts with oral candidiasis (OC) and determined the MIC and serum levels of Flu. All pts received Flu 100 mg/d for 14 days. At DO, C. albicans (CA) was Flu susceptible (S) (MIC less than 3.12 mg/l
C. albicans azole (A) MICs.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920155; White A; Goetz MB; Gibson L; Puentes S; Pfaller MA; Rinaldi MG; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.; Although increased fluconazole (F) MICs for C. albicans (Ca) from patients (P) with advanced HIV-disease are well described, the distribution of MICs of such isolates to clotrimazole (C) and ketoconazole (K) are ill-defined. Using the proposed NCCLS standards, we therefore compared the MICs of 75 isolates (I) of Ca fr
Effect of benzoylmesaconine (BM) on candida albicans infection in mice with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920156; Pollard RB; Kobayashi M; Suzuki F; Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.; Mice with MAIDS (MAIDS mice), induced by the LP-BM5 retrovirus infection, were highly susceptible to opportunistic Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection. In this study the protective effect of BM, an alkaloid extracted from Aconiti tuber, on C. albicans infection in MAIDS mice was investigated. BM was known to be a
Oral carriage of yeast in HIV+ patients and controls and relationship to blood type and CD4 counts.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920157; Fong IW; Laurel M; Burford-Mason A; St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Oral candidiasis is one of the most common infection experienced by HIV+ patients. In healthy subjects oral carriage of yeast is related to blood group O and non- secretion of blood group antigen in the saliva. In a prospective, longitudinal study over 6 months, oral carriage of yeast was determined in 106 HIV+ patien
Rifabutin (RIF) decreases itraconazole (ITRA) plasma levels in patients with HIV-infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920158; Smith JA; Hardin TC; Patterson TF; Rinaldi MG; Graybill JR; The Univ of TX Hlth Sci Ctr at San Antonio & the Audie L Murphy; Mem Vet Hosp San Antonio, TX.; ITRA is used for the treatment of serious systemic fungal infections in patients with HIV-infection/AIDS. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzyme induction by RIF could lead to decreased plasma concentrations of ITRA at standard doses. Effect of RIF on ITRA plasma levels was studied at steady state in 6 HIV-infected patients
Clinical and bacteriological features of Campylobacter infections in HIV-infected patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920159; Molina J-M; Casin I; Hausfater P; Giretti E; Welker Y; Decazes JM; Garrait V; Lagrange P; Modai J; Infectious Disease Department and the Laboratory of Microbiology,; Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.; All HIV-infected patients with Campylobacter infection identified by the laboratory of microbiology between July 1989 and April 1994 were studied, and their clinical features as well as their response to therapy recorded. Campylobacter infection was documented in 38 patients. Campylobacter spp. was isolated from stool
Characterization of reported pneumonia (PN) episodes in HIV- infected children enrolled in a clinical trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infection prophylaxis.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920160; Mofenson L; Yogev R; Moye J; Korelitz J; Bethel J; Owen W; Nugent R; NIH, Bethesda, MD.; Objective: Describe PN reports from 376 HIV-infected children (187 IVIG & 189 PL) followed 543 pt-yrs in a clinical trial of IVIG infection prophylaxis. Methods: Information about reported PN was collected from a detailed study form & blinded x-ray review. Results: 281 PN episodes were reported in 152 pts (107
Community-acquired septicemias in HIV-infected adults.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920161; Sorbello A; Bayer D; ODonnel J; EIP, UMDNJ and Kennedy Mem Hosp, Stratford, NJ.; A retrospective review (1987-93) was conducted of community- acquired septicemias (noncryptococcal, non-mycobacterial) in HIV-seropositive adults. There were 55 episodes in 41 persons with 6 deaths; all had either AIDS-defining illnesses or CD4 counts less than 200/cumm; 5 were neutropenic (less than 1000 granulocytes
Efficacy and safety of an antibiotic-lock technique in infected implantable venous access devices in patients with AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920162; Piketty C; Gilquin J; Buu HA; Gutmann L; Kazatchkine MD; Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.; We have evaluated the efficacy and safety of using a high concentration antibiotic-lock in association with systemic antibiotic therapy in infected Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices (TIVAD). Methods between June 1992 and January 1994, 9 patients with clinical sepsis and 2 or more positive blood cultures taken
Risk of bacteremia in HIV-infected person with neutropenia.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920163; Piliero PJ; Currier JS; Barlam TF; Ives DV; Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.; Study design: Retrospective single institution study. Methods: A computerized database was used to identify patients admitted between 1/87-12/93 with a diagnosis of HIV infection and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 500 cells/microliter. Charts were reviewed. Results: 38 patients accounting for 44 admissio
Prevalence of CSF Bartonella henselae antibodies in HIV+ Psychosis.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920164; Schwartzman WA; Patnaik M; McCutchan JA; UCLA, Los Angeles, California.; Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae, A Gram negative bacterium, causes cat scratch disease as well as bacillary angiomatosis , parenchymal peliosis, relapsing bacteremia, aseptic meningitis and granulomatous disease. Because we had observed an increased prevalence of intrathecal
The differential rates of catheter sepsis in HIV patients receiving IV ganciclovir (GCV) or foscarnet (FOS) at home.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920165; Golden S; Mickle J; MCCann B; Caremark Inc., Northbrook, IL.; Objective: To assess the differential rates in catheter related sepsis among HIV infected patients receiving intravenous GCV or FOS at home during the period of January 1993 through June 1994. Methods: Data from 682 consecutive unduplicated, home-care patients with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS receiving IV GCV and FOS were
Use of paclitaxel (Taxol(TM)) as therapy for HIV-associated kaposi's sarcoma (KS).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:79. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920166; Saville MW; Lietzau J; Pluda JM; Wilson W; Bailey J; Cohen R; Feigal F; Feuerstein I; Humphrey R; Broder S; et al; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; Inhibitors of microtubule assembly are known to be clinically active against KS, and this led us to consider paclitaxel, an agent that stabilizes microtubule polymers, as a potential therapy. In vitro, paclitaxel was found to be cytotoxic to KS-derived spindle cell lines at approximately 10 nM (similar potency to that
Inhibition and killing of kaposi's sarcoma cells by retinoids.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:79. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920167; Corbeil J; Rapaport E; Richman D; Badel P; Looney DJ; University of California San Diego.; Rationale: Topical all-trans retinoic acid (retinoin, ATRA) has been reported to be an effective agent for treatment of cutaneous Kaposi s sarcoma(KS). An understanding of the mechanism of action retinoid compounds on KS cells is needed to formulate optimal strategies for the use of retinoids in clinical trials. Metho
Co-expression of FGF3 (Int-2) and its receptor (a splice variant of FGFR2) in Kaposi's sarcoma tumors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:79. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920168; Huang YQ; Li JJ; Feiner DG; Zhang WG; Friedman-Kien AE; NYU Medical Center, New York, NY.; The expression of FGF3 has recently been detected in 55% of fresh Kaposi s sarcoma lesions, but not in uninvolved skin for the same donors. Nude mouse transplanted with NIH3T3 cells transformed by human FGF3 cDNA developed KS-like tumors. These data suggest that FGF3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of KS. The expr
Is Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV+ patients declining over time?: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:79. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920169; Clotet B; Paredes R; Romeu J; Sirera G; Gomez M; Raventos A; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Badalona, Barcelona; Catalonia, Spain.; OBJECTIVE: To report the pattern of appearance of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) in HIV+ infected patients through a 10 year period in order to find out if there is any change in its rate of presentation. METHODS: Retrospective review of the first 1012 AIDS cases (1983-June 1994) in a teaching hospital in Barcelona. The incide
Epidemiology and biology of lung cancer in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive (HIV+) patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:79. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920170; Cone LA; Khaira DK; Cone MO; Eisenhower Medical Center, Rancho Mirage, CA.; Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States with nearly 172,000 new cases and 153,000 deaths projected for 1994. Through 1993, 55 HIV+ patients have been reported with lung cancer and we have seen 3 additional individuals with this neoplasm. Of these 58 perso
A novel neutralization assay for HIV-1 based on PCR amplification of the LTR region.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920171; Vyas GN; Yang G; Pu R; University of California, San Francisco, CA.; Neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 are currently tested by an inhibition of syncytia formation in cultures of certain T cell lines or viral replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Since cell cultures need to be carried out for 4 to 14 days in the neutralization tests, a more rapid assay would be i
Oligomeric HIV-1 env capture ELISA.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920172; Abedon ST; Doms RW; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.; A better understanding of HIV-1 envelope (env) protein antigenic structure is required for identifying epitopes to which neutralizing antibodies are directed, and for characterizing the humoral response to HIV-1 infection. We have developed an antigen capture ELISA that utilizes soluble, oligomeric, HIV-1 IIIB env pro
Analysis of the immune response to an affinity-purified oligomeric GP 160 protein.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920173; Vancott TC; Kaminski R; Kalyanaraman V; Veit SCV; Polonis VR; Rechtman D; Lowell G; Rechtman DJ; Burke DS; Redfield RR; et al; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Henry M. Jackson; Foundation, Advanced BioSciences Lab, SRA Technologies,; Rockville, MD.; Development of an HIV-1 immunogen able to induce antibodies capable of neutralizing primary viruses may be critical for an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Current subunit, monomeric HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to date have failed to elicit this type of immune response despite the presence of high titer envelope specific ant
Multicenter evaluation of HIV neutralizing assay using a consensus protocol.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920174; Farzadegan H; Lathey J; Rasheed S; Hammer S; Buckheit R; Bryson Y; Zhang X; Nokta M; Siwak E; DIADS.; OBJECTIVE: A consensus protocol was evaluated for the neutralizing capabilities of HIVIG against HIV-1 MN. A log reduction format was used in 9 laboratories to determine the infectious units per million (IUPM) of Mn in the presence of HIVIG and normal human serum (NHS). METHOD: Using the ACTG quantitative microculture
Multi-valent HIV antigens: antigenicity and immunogenicity of chimeric mucin Muc-1/HIV-PND tandem repeats.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920175; Fontenot JD; Murphey-Corb M; Pau C; Parekh BS; George JR; Verohese FD; Gatewood JM; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.; The conserved structure of the PND is a solvent accessible protruding motif or a knob, structurally isomorphous with the immunodominant knobs in the tandem repeat protein, human mucin Muc-1 (a tumor antigen for breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer). We have replaced the mucin immunodominant knobs by the PND knobs of
Alteration in the isotypes of immunoglobulins with HIV-1 infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920176; Brenner BG; Peng XX; Wainberg MA; McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute of Jewish General; Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada.; The objective of this study was to dissect the changes in the classes and subclasses of humoral immune responses during the course of HIV-1 infection. Our study group included 36 seronegative controls, 69 asymptomatic HIV+ subjects, 33 with viral antigenemia (plasma 24+) and 117 HIV+ individuals with AIDS-related oppo
Local synthesis of IgG to HIV within the woman and man genital tracts.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920177; Belec L; Prazuck T; Tevi-Benissan C; Pillot J; Unite d'Immunologie Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris.; OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis of a local synthesis of IgG to HIV in the woman and male reproductive tracts. METHODS: Paired serum (S) and cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) or seminal fluid (SF), obtained from HIV-1 infected, clinically asymptomatic women (n=41) and men (n=12), were investigated. Anti-gp41+p24 IgG we
Nasal immunization with HIV gp160 formulated with proteosomes, emulsomes &/or cholera toxin B subunit: induction of Anti-gp160 serum IgA & IgG and intestinal, vaginal & lung IgA.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920178; Lowell GH; Kaminski R; Kersey K; Vancott T; Loomis L; Smith G; Redfield R; Freidman D; Amselem S; Birx D; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC.; Meningococcal outer membrane protein proteosomes have previously been shown to confer mucosal immunogenicity upon staphylococcal enterotoxin B peptides or toxoids or shigella lipopolysaccharides. We have also shown that proteosomes and submicron emulsions (Pharmos) can enhance epitope specific intramuscular immunogeni
Cryptic nature of envelope V3 region epitopes protects primary/monocytotropic HIV-1 from antibody neutralization.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920179; Bou HDC; Roderiquez G; Oraveca T; Berman P; Lusso P; Norcross MA; CBER, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland.; Characterization of biological and immunological properties of HIV-1 is critical to developing effective therapies and vaccines for AIDS. With the use of the CD4+ T cell line (PM- 1) permissive to infection by both monocytotropic and T cell-tropic virus types, we compared the immunological properties of a prototypic p
Mechanisms of neutralization resistance of HIV-1 MN strain neutralization escape mutants.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920180; Quinnan G; Vujcic L; Ran Y; Anand R; Theodore TS; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda,; MD.; We studied neutralizing antibody (NA) resistant (NR) mutants of the MN strain of HIV-1 to elucidate mechanisms of escape from neutralization. Four independently derived biological clones were selected with a highly V3-specific human serum. All four were broadly NR by a mechanism that appeared to be independent of NA i
Autologous neutralizing antibodies (ANA) and viral load in HIV-2 infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920181; Tamalet C; Simon F; Dhiver C; Gastaut JA; Brun Vezinet F; Brun-Vezinet F; Hopital Timone Marseille, Hopital Bichat, Paris, France.; We have evaluated in 12 HIV-2 infected patients (pts) at early-intermediate stages of infection the presence and the level of ANA and compared them with the level of viral load. This was related to disease progression defined as a CD4+ decrease greater than 30% during a 26-36 month follow-up. 8 pts were classified as
Neutralization of HIV-1 infectivity by Murine monoclonal(M) antibodies (Abs) to V3 loop correlates with protection against proteolysis.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920182; Morrison SA; Hanahm K; Handley MA; Salinas P; Govek EE; Steigbigel RT; School of Medicine, SUNY Stony Brook, NY.; Cleavage of the HIV-1 env protein gp120 occurs between the R and the A in a conserved GPGRA sequence in the V3 loop of N. American strains, and is catalyzed by several mammalian serine proteases. Binding or cleavage of gp120 at this site may be required for fusion with host cells. We tested a panel of Mabs to epitopes
Increased HIV plasma viremia after influenza vaccine.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920183; Hamilton B; Follansbee S; Staprans S; Elbeik T; Feinberg M; Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA.; Introduction. Many HIV seropositive individuals do not make an antibody response to routine vaccines. Activation of CD4 T helper cells by antigen may coactivate HIV provirus through common regulatory pathways. To test this hypothesis, seropositive patients were immunized with the influenza vaccine. Methods. Subjects:
CD25 expression defines activated vs quiescent HIV-infected T cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920184; Chou CS; Borvak J; Bell K; Ramilo O; Vitetta E; U. T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.; T cell activation plays a major role in the ability of HIV to remain latent or establish a productive infection. Since the alpha chain of the IL-1 receptor (CD25) is expressed on activated but not quiescent T cells, it represents an ideal marker to distinguish between activated and quiescent T cells, and may be useful
Signal transduction defects in Walter Reed stage I and II HIV-1 patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920185; Hickey TE; Perfetto S; Bair JK; Smoot DS; Siegel J; June CH; Wagner KF; Mayers DL; The Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD.; Objective: To determine whether a panel of cell surface markers plus signal transduction and apoptosis assays can be used to assess immune function in patients (pts) with early stage HIV-1 disease. Methods: Asymptomatic pts with CD4s ranging from 400 to 732 cells/mm3 and normal DTH results were evaluated (n=15). Immun
The effect of exercise on circulating lymphocyte redistribution in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920186; Phillips EJ; Ottaway CA; Freedman J; Kardish M; Li J; Singer W; Fong IW; St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON.; Recent evidence suggests that neuroendocrine pathways capable of influencing lymphocyte distribution and recirculation are disturbed in HIV-infected subjects. A study was undertaken to determine the effect of acute exercise in mobilizing and redistributing lymphocyte populations. in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects
Role on monocytes in recall antigen responses and cytokine dysregulation in HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920187; Diaz-Mitoma F; Daftarian MP; Creery D; Cameron W; Kumar A; Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario,; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; To understand the role of monocytes and immunoregulatory cytokines in HIV infection, IL-10, IL-12 and Interferon gamma were measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after depletion of monocytes, B or T cells, by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) techniques. HIV+
Effects of the Th1 and Th2 stimulatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-4 on HIV replication.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920188; Foli A; Saville MW; Yarchoan R; NCI, Bethesda, MD.; It has been hypothesized that during the progression of their illness HIV infected persons may lose their type-1 responses and switch to predominantly type-2 responses. IL- 12 and IL-4 have been found to stimulate T cells toward type-1 or type-2 immune responses respectively. Thus, we examined the effects of these cyt
Cytokine profile of human peripheral blood dendritic cells stimulated with human immunodeficiency virus.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920189; Ghanekar S; Zheng L; Logar A; Navratil J; Rinaldo C; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.; Dendritic cells (DC) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. The present studies were undertaken to explore the ability of DC to synthesize cytokines which are known to play a major role in T cell activation. DC from normal donor blood were sorted to greater than 95% purity as HLA DR+ CD3- CD19- C
HIV-infection of human macrophages (M/s) is associated with TNF-alpha-dependent induction of IL-10 release.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920190; Nokta M; Loesch K; Pollard R; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.; Mononuclear phagocytes, a reservoir for HIV in vivo, are rich source for a number of immunoregulatory cytokines. In this report the effect of HIV-1 on the constitutive release of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in monocyte-derived human M/s was examined. M/s were infected with HIV strain HIV-1 SF162. Culture supernatants inhibite
Soluble IL-4 receptor (sIL-4R) modulates the effects of IL-4 on HIV-1 replication in human monocytes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920191; Weber ND; Weih KA; Clouse KA; Division of Cytokine Biology, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD.; Interleukin 4 (IL-4) has been reported to either enhance of inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in human monocytes in vitro, depending on their state of differentiation. For this study, we tested a purified form of human sIL-4R for its ability to modulate these effects. Elutriated human
HIV induction of endogenous CSF-1 production by human monocytes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920192; Gruber MF; Gerrard TL; Weih KA; Boone E; Clouse KA; Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and; Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD.; It has been demonstrated that monocytes cultured in medium containing CSF-1 are 100 to 1,000 fold more susceptible to HIV-1 infection than cells cultured in medium alone. The frequency of infected cells, the level of HIV mRNA per infected cell, and the level of proviral DNA per infected culture were reported to be inc
Serum levels of stem cell factor are increased in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients and associated with prolonged survival.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920193; Manegold C; Jablonowski H; Armbrecht C; Strohmeyer G; Pietsch T; Medical Center, University Dusseldorf, Germany.; Cytopenia is a common complication of HIV infection and can affect different linages including erythropoiesis, lymphopoiesis, thrombopoiesis and granulopoiesis. Stem cell factor (SCF), a stroma-derived cytokine, was recently found to be a multipotential growth factor acting on early progenitor cells of most hematopoie
Nef induces proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: possible superantigen-like properties.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920194; Torres BA; Tanabe T; Johnson HM; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.; Recently we reported that Nef, a HIV regulatory gene product, binds to Class II MHC antigens at a site(s) involved in superantigen binding, and induces proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that Nef may be a superantigen. We report here that a peptide corresponding to an internal Nef se
Longitudinal assessment of basic fibroblast growth factor levels in homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920195; Ndimbie OK; Kingsley L; Piper M; Rinaldo C Jr; Virji M; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,; Pittsburgh, PA.; Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is mitogenic for cells of mesenchymal origin and is a potent inducer of angiogenesis. Increased concentrations have been found in cell cultures of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS). We sought to determine if elevated serum levels could be demonstrated prior to, at the time of, and after diagn
Interleukin-10 enhances HIV-1 expression in a chronically infected promonocytic cell line (U1) by a TNF alpha- independent mechanism.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920196; Angel JB; Saget BM; Dinarello CA; Skolnik PR; New England Medical Center Hospitals.; Since TNF alpha enhances HIV-1 replication in acutely and chronically infected cells, and likely contributes to the wasting syndrome associated with AIDS, agents which inhibit TNF alpha activity should, theoretically, delay progression of disease. We hypothesized that IL-10, a cytokine that suppresses TNF alpha synthe
The effect of exercise on leukocyte function in patients with HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920197; Fong IW; Phillips E; Kardish M; Ottaway C; Lii J; Freedman J; St.Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.; We compared the effect on the stress of physical exercise on leukocyte function in patients with HIV infections, CD4 greater than 400 microliters (n=13), and in normal controls (n=14). Subjects were evaluated prior to exercise (baseline), immediately after standardized exercise (bicycle ergometer x20 min at target hea
Immunologic abnormalities in an age controlled HIV positive geriatric population.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920198; Klimas NG; Dickinson GM; Krisko I; Fletcher MA; V.A. Medical Center Miami.; Objective: To determine relative differences between HIV positive geriatric (greater than 60 y.o.) subjects and healthy age matched controls. Method: Lymphocyte subsets, Natural Killer (NK) cytotoxicity and mitogen responsiveness of T and B cell were determined in 21 HIV positive subjects and 16 age-matched controls.
HIV 1 p24 = antigen in cervicovaginal secretions.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920199; Belec L; Matta M; Payan C; Tevi C; Pillot J; Unite d'Immunologie Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, and; Laboratoire de Virologie, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.; Objectives. Attempts to detect free HIV antigens (Ag) in cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) from HIV-infected women are generally unsuccessful. We hypothesized that this failure could be due to an in situ formation of immune complexes (IC) involving HIV Ag and anti-HIV antibodies (Ab) present in CVS. Methods. CVS from th
Analysis of HIV-1 infection in pig-tail macaques.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920200; Khan AS; Shahabuddin M; Ali ST; Galvin TA; Bryan T; Snoy P; Montefiori D; CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD.; Four juvenile pig-tails were inoculated with HIV-1. PT86 and PT99 which were inoculated with LAI seroconverted whereas PT87 and PT89 which were inoculated with a primary isolate WH91-330 (obtained from Dr. B. Potts, UBI) remained seronegative. In case of PT86 an increasing titer to all of the HIV-1 proteins was seen b
The unique nature of nef quasispecies from a long-term survivor of HIV infection: comparison with other isolates.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920201; Kestler HW; Premkumar D; Salkowitz JR; Chakrabarti BK; The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland,; OH.; Forty years ago a vaccine strategy to combat poliovirus was developed based on the discovery that some people escaped disease due to the fact that they harbored attenuated virus. Today we employ a live virus vaccine that contains a few point mutations in the gene encoding the surface protein of the virus. Thus, a dram
Low viral load and high anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory responses correlate with lack of HIV-1 disease in long-term nonprogressors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920202; Rinaldo C; Huang XL; Fan Z; Ding M; Beltz L; Logar A; Panicali D; Mazzara G; Liebmann J; Cottrill M; et al; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.; We have studied long-term nonprogressors in comparison to long-term intermediate and advanced progressors as defined by rate of CD4+ T cell decline for HIV-1 specific CTL and levels of HIV-1 DNA and RNA in blood. Lack of progression of HIV-1 infection strongly correlated with very low copy numbers of HIV-1 DNA and RNA
Anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector (CTLe) activity and disease progression during early HIV-1 infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920203; Rinaldo CR Jr; Beltz LA; Huang XL; Fan Z; Torpey DJ III; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.; CTLe responses were examined in 57 HIV-1-infected homosexual men, 51 of whom were CDC stage II/III and had seroconverted within 8 yrs. CTLe activity was determined by 4 hr 51Cr release assays (50:1 effector:target ratio). Targets were EBV-transformed autologous B cells infected with vaccinia vectors containing HIV-1 I
The ability of CD8 cells to suppress HIV replication is affected by their stat of activation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920204; Schnoll S; Hennesey NP; Valentine F; NYU School of Medicine, NYC, NY.; Objective: To investigate the effect of lymphocyte activation on CD8-mediated suppression of HIV replication. Methods: CD4 and CD8 cells from HIV+ and HIV- donors were positively selected. The CD4 cells were stimulated and superinfected with HIV and the two cell populations were cocultured at various CD8:CD4 ratios. I
Immune recognition and responses to HIV peptides in infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920205; Schrier RD; Wiley CA; McCutchan JA; University of California, San Diego, CA.; The CD4 T-cell response is central to activation of other immune cells and is directly depleted by HIV in AIDS. To characterize the response to HIV itself, we have longitudinally evaluated T-cell proliferation to HIV, CMV , and HSV in 150 HLA typed, HIV infected
Diminished V beta T cell subset responses to superantigen in HIV+ individuals as determined by multiparameter flow cytometry.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920206; Maino V; Ruitenberg JJ; Suni MA; Mole L; Holodniy M; Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA.; Staphylococcal enterotoxins represent a class of superantigens characterized by an ability to stimulate subsets of T cells expressing unique families of T cell receptor beta chains (TCR V beta) in a manner that is dependent on class II MHC. We have recently developed a multiparameter flow cytometric method for rapidly
Effect of interleukin-12 on the in vitro cellular immune response to PPD in HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920207; Nagy AS; Conney E; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.; The recent rise in the U.S. incidence of tuberculosis, in part due to the rising prevalence of HIV infection, and reliance on reagents developed greater than 50 years ago for diagnosis and prevention, have reaffirmed the need to develop better diagnostic methods and a better understanding of the immune response to M.
Isolation of HIV-1 specific CTL clones by antigen-specific stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920208; Lubaki N; Siliciano RF; Egan MA; Paranjape RS; Dhruva B; Bollinger RC; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.; OBJECTIVE: Isolation of CTL clones from PBMC stimulated with HIV-1 antigens. METHODS: We have earlier reported a method for detection of HIV-1 specific CTL activity. We have used this method to isolate HIV-1 specific CTL clones. Autologous B-LCL infected with vaccinia constructs expressing HIV-1 genes (vvgag, vvnef, v
A method for estimation of HIV-1-specific CTL precursor frequencies by antigen-specific stimulation of PBMC.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920209; Paranjape RS; Lubaki NM; Siliciano RF; Bollinger RC; National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.; Quantitative estimates of HIV-specific CTL have primarily relied upon assays of direct cytolytic activity of fresh PBMC or limited dilution assays (LDA) following non-specific stimulation of PBMC. We have developed an antigen-specific stimulation method that greatly increases the HIV-specific CTL activity of PBMC cult
Immunodominant CTL HIV-1 env epitopes are concentrated in a few regions of gp160 and are not restricted by the most common HLA class I alleles.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920210; Shankar P; Fabry JA; Lieberman J; New England Medical Center.; Recognition of HIV antigens by T cell lines derived from PBMC of infected patients is dominated by the response to a small number of immunodominant peptide epitopes. Using nested vaccinia-env LAI/IIIB truncated recombinants and 15- 22mer overlapping peptides spanning the SF2 gp160 sequence, we have identified the domi
Env-specific cytotoxic T Lymphocyte responses to HIV- seronegative health care workers after exposure to HIV.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920211; Pinto LA; Sullivan J; Landay AL; Clerici M; Berzofsky JA; Lucey D; Kessler HA; Shearer GM; NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; The definition of the components of protective immunity is crucial for the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine strategies. Both cellular and humoral responses to HIV have been identified in infected individuals but the relative contribution of each of these remains to be established. Analysis
Basal granzyme a activity as an indicator of HIV disease progression.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920212; Chiang CF; Tenenbaum SA; Verret CR; Leissinger CA; Garry RF; Tulane Medical School, New Orleans LA.; Despite normal or high CD8+ cell counts which may be found in HIV-infected patients, CD4+ T-cells still gradually disappear. Thus, high quantities of CD8+ T-cells (a possible indicator of cytotoxic T-cell number) do not appear to effectively suppress HIV-infected cells and prevent further progression of disease. These
ADCC against gp120 in HIV positive rapid progressors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920213; Baum LL; Ramos MS; Phair J; Finch Univ. of Health Sci.The Chicago Med. Sch., N. Chicago, IL.; Participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who seroconverted during the study and progressed to AIDS within a three year period were evaluated to determine the titers of antibodies that could mediate antibody-dependent cell- mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against gp120. Effector cells from healthy donors w
High cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) correlates with lower plasma HIV RNA levels.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920214; Skowron G; Yen LB; Herman S; Cole BF; Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island.; Background: CMC measures the ability of patients PBMCs to lyse HIV-1 gp120-coated CD4+ CEM.NKR cells in vitro CMC may play a protective role in vivo by killing HIV- infected CD4 cells. Methods: We measured plasma HIV viral load, using an RNA PCR assay kit (Roche Molecular Systems), CD4 percent and CMC activity, in 46
A randomized double blind study of the oral 4 HIV protease inhibitor, L-735,524 vs. Zidovudine (ZDV) in p24 antigenemic, HIV-1 infected patients with less than 500 CD4 cells/mm3.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920215; Mellors J; Steigbigel R; Gulick R; Frank I; Berry P; McMahon D; Fuhrer J; Farthing C; Hildebrand C; Schleif W; et al; Univ. of Pittsburgh.; L-735,524 (L) is a potent inhibitor of HIV protease in vitro. Phase I studies indicate that the drug is bioavailable, has a generally acceptable safety profile and can exert a significant antiviral effect. Thus a 24- week, blinded, randomized study of L at either 200 mg q6h (L-200) or 400 mg q6h (L-400) versus ZDV 200
In vitro antiviral and resistance studies of AG1343, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920216; Patick AK; Mo H; Markowitz M; Ho D; Webber S; Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA.; AG1343 is a potent and selective, non-peptidic inhibitor of HIV protease (Ki=2nM) that was developed by protein structure-based design. This compound has been evaluated for antiviral activity in a variety of acute HIV infection models. In cell protection assays, AG1343 was active against HIV-1 RF and HIV-1 IIIB with E
Evaluation of the antiviral activity of orally administered ABT-538, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920217; Markowitz M; Jalil L; Hurley A; Farthing C; Cao Y; Saag M; Powderly W; Valdes J; Leonard J; Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center/NYU School of Medicine.; We report results of a multicenter twelve-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of ABT-538 in HIV- 1 infected persons. Antiviral activity was determined by measuring serial plasma viral RNA levels (equiv/ml) using a branched DNA (bDNA) assay (Chiron). At NYU, 23 patients were randomized to recei
Phase I study of two formulations and dose schedules of SC- 521151, A protease inhibitor.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920218; Fischl MA; Richman DD; Flexner C; Meehan P; Para MF; Haubrich R; Cook J; Wood K; Karim A; The AIDS Clinical Trials Group, NIAID, NIH and Searle R & D.; Introduction: We conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetic profile and preliminary antiretroviral activity of a urea-based peptidomimetic protease inhibitor. Methods: Forty-eight patients with HIV infection and 150 to 500 CD4 dells/mm3 received 750 mg TID or 1125 mg BID of SC-52151 as an ethano
Mutations in HIV protease conferring resistance to inhibitor L-735,524.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920219; Condra JH; Schleif WA; Blahy OM; Gabryelski LJ; Graham DJ; Quintero JC; Rhodes A; Robbins HL; Roth E; Shivaprakash M; et al; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA.; The aspartyl protease of HIV-1 catalyzes the cleavage of the viral polyprotein and is essential for viral infectivity. Numerous inhibitors of this enzyme have been described, and several are being evaluated as potential antiviral agents. Among these, L-735,524 has been undergoing clinical trials during the past year.
Patterns of specific mutations in HIV-1 protease that confer resistance to a panel of protease inhibitors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:89. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920220; Mo H; Markowitz M; Ho DD; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center.; Using in vitro selection we have generated HIV-1 variants with resistance to A-77003, ABT-538, MP-134, and MP-167, all C2 symmetry based inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. The protease coding region of the variant viruses was sequenced and amino acid changes conferring resistance were assessed by using site directed mutage
HIV-1 acquires resistance to AZT and Delavirdine in vitro by multiple RT substitutions.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:89. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920221; Slade DE; Dueweke TJ; Poppe SM; Swaney SM; Wisniewski SM; Sharova V; Stevenson M; Tarpley WG; Upjohn Laboratories, Kalamazoo, MI.; HIV-1 acquires in vitro resistance to the BHAP RT inhibitor U-90152T ( Delavirdine , DLV) by substitution of the conserved proline 236 of RT by leucine (P236L). To determine how DLV- resistant HIV-1 becomes coresistant to
Nuclear localization signal of HIV-1: a novel target for therapeutic intervention.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:89. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920222; Ulrich P; Dubrovsky L; Cerami A; Bukrinsky M; The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York,; NY.; HIV-1 and other lentiviruses have a unique ability to infect and replicate within a non-dividing cell. This feature allows HIV-1 to infect cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, starting a chain of immunopathological reactions that eventually result in the deterioration of the immune system. We recently determined
Contribution to the improvement of diagnosis of toxoplasma encephalitis in AIDS patients: a prospective study of 110 patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:89. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920223; Raffi F; Reliquet V; Huart A; Michelet C; Pelloux H; Morlat P; Poizot-Martin I; Morlat P; Khuong MA; Longuet P; et al; University of Nantes and ANRS, France.; A prospective study conducted from 6/93 to 2/94 in 21 centers involved all HIV seropositive patients (pts) in whom empiric anti-toxoplasmic therapy was initiated for a first episode of presumed Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE). Pts were assessed clinically at day 1, 4, 8, 15, 21 and 42 and radiologically at day 1, 15-21 a
Lower risk of PCP associated with primary prophylaxis among 112 HIV-1 infected infants followed prospectively from birth.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:89. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920224; Thea DM; Lambert G; Weedon J; Matheson PB; Abrams EJ; Bamji M; Straus W; Thomas PA; Krasinski K; Heagarty M; Objective: To determine the effectiveness of primary antimicrobial prophylaxis (Px) in preventing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection. Design.- A retrospective analysis of a cohort of infants followed from birth to 18 months
Cardiac dysfunction in HIV-infected children correlates with immune dysfunction - the prospective NHLBI P2C2 study.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920225; Lipshultz S; Easley K; Kaplan S; Bricker T; Starc T; Lai W; Moodie D; Colan S; NHLBI, Bethesda, MD.; Cardiovascular abnormalities are common in HIV-infected children, but their pathogenesis is unclear. To clarify the pathogenesis, we compared left ventricular (LV) abnormalities with immune dysfunction. We measured LV structure and function with echocardiography in 197 HIV- infected children, including LV fractional s
Bacterial infections in HIV-positive and high risk HIV- negative women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920226; Flanigan TP; Mayer K; Smith D; Schoenbaum E; Vlahov D; Schuman P; Holmberg S; Brown, Providence RI.; OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of a history of bacterial infections among women at risk for HIV infection. METHODS: Interview regarding demographics, HIV risk factors, and self-report history of bacterial infections of women enrolled in the HER Study; a multi-centered study of women and HIV. CONCLUSION: Sepsis
Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) on pap smear in women at risk for HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920227; Klein RS; Shah K; Cu-Uvin S; Schuman P; Solomon L; Warren D; Burk RD; Montefiore Einstein, Bronx NY.; Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with genital HPV infection and SIL in women at risk for HIV infection. Methods: Interview for demographics and HIV risk factors of women in the HER Study, a multi- centered study of HIV infection in women. Pap smear and cervicovaginal lavage for HPV detecti
Papanicolaou (Pap) smears versus colposcopy screening tests for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HIV seropositive women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920228; Brosgart C; Norton D; Zaloudek C; Palefsky J; Greenblatt R; Padian N; Stachel L; Giffen C; East Bay Aids Center, Berkeley, CA.; OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of pap smears (pap) versus colposcopy (colpo) as a screening test for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HIV seropositive women. METHODS: 75 HIV+, 21 HIV-women, pregnant women excluded enrolled 4/93-2/94. Exam, performed at baseline, 6 and 12 months includes: complete history
Incidence and risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HIV-infected women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920229; Wright TC; Ellerbrock TV; Chiasson MA; Williamson J; Sun X; Bush TJ; Columbia University and NYC Department of Health, NY.; Objective: Although previous studies have found a high prevalence of CIN in HIV-infected women, little is known about the incidence of CIN in this population. This study was designed to determine incidence and risk factors for CIN in HIV-infected women and a comparable group of uninfected women. Methods: A cohort of 3
Epidemiology and natural history of t(8;14) recombinations in HIV-infected homosexual men.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920230; Rabkin CS; Muller J; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; AIDS-associated Burkitt s and other high-grade non-Hodgkin s lymphomas (NHL) have a high frequency of t(8;14) recombinations of the c-myc oncogene and the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. We have used a sequence-validated, highly sensitive, nested PCR technique to look for these recombinations in peripheral blood lym
Protection of MN-rpg 120 immunized chimpanzees from infection with a heterologous primary isolate of HIV-1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920231; Berman PW; Murthy KK; Eastman D; Nakamura G; Genentech Inc, S. San Francisco, CA.; Objective: To determine if immunization with MN-rgp120 can protect chimpanzees from infection by a heterologous primary isolate of HIV-1. Methods: Three chimpanzees were injected three or four times with MN-rgp120 (300 micrograms/injection). One control animal received alum adjuvant alone. One month after the last inj
HIV-1 that express HSV-1 thymidine kinase: implications for therapeutics and vaccines.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920232; Smith SM; Jeang KT; NIAID, Bethesda, MD.; Attenuated vaccines and/or gene therapy appear to be the most promising modalities for combating HIV infection. These interventions, however, are currently felt to be too hazardous to warrant trials. We have developed an approach that could be combined with a vaccine or gene therapy regimen to reduce the risks. Previo
Use of simple Rev-independent HIV-1 gag expression vectors in gene therapy and gene vaccine applications.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920233; Pavlakis GN; Schneider R; Song S; Nasioulas G; Zolotukhin A; Felber BK; Trauger R; Cox J; Manthorpe M; Abl-Basic Research Program, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD.; Studies on the regulation of HIV-1 expression by the Rev protein have indicated that the viral mRNAs are defective in the absence of Rev or its binding site on the viral RNA, named RRE. Genetic analysis indicated that multiple inhibitory sequences (INS/CRS) are located throughout the HIV-1 genome in the gag, pol, and
An infectious HIV-2 molecular clone protects against disease after challenge with a divergent virulent HIV-2 isolate in nemestrina macaques.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920234; Looney D; McClure J; Kent S; Robertson M; Kraus G; Badel P; Steeles J; Doroteeva N; Schmidt A; Bartz C; et al; VA Medical Center San Diego, CA.; Objective: To investigate protection using live human retroviruses, we challenged previously inoculated with an avirulent, infectious, molecular HIV-2 clone (HIV-2 KR) with HIV-2(287), an HIV-2 isolate which produces rapid decline in CD4 lymphocyte numbers and immunodeficiency in Macacca nemestrina. Methods: HIV-2 KR
IL-7 and IL-12 differentially augment gp 160-specific T-cell proliferation of HIV-infected, gp 160-vaccinated patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920235; Kim JH; Loveland JE; Sitz KV; Ratto S; McLinden RJ; Burke D; Boswell RN; Redfield RR; Birx DL; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Henry M. Jackson; Foundation, Rockville, MD.; Cytokine networks are critical to the regulation of cellular immune responses to HIV and, as well, have complex reciprocal interactions with HIV. IL-7 and IL-12 have been shown to stimulate proliferative T-cell responses to antigen. To dissect the relationship between the anti-HIV cellular immune response, IL-7 and IL
Block co-polymer adjuvants enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses to multiple HIV-1 envelope vaccines.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920236; McNicholl JM; Bond KB; Ruhadze E; Kwan BW; Hunter RL; Takayama K; Tam JP; Emory University and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, GA.; To develop adjuvant-HIV vaccine formulations that enhance HIV-specific immunity, mice were immunized with HIV-1 V-3 loop peptides, IIIB and SF2-gp120 and lipidated V-3-peptide- containing multiple antigenic peptides (lipo-MAPs). Antigens were formulated with or without block co-polymer adjuvants, detoxified lipopolysa
MNrgp120 vaccine to test or not to test. That is the question.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920237; Francis DP; Berman P; Gregory T; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA.; Objective: To determine if we have accumulated enough pre- clinical and clinical data to justify advancing the Genentech MNrgp120 vaccine to phase III (efficacy) trials. Methods: The sequences of recent U.S. HIV-1 isolates were compared to the vaccine strain (MN) sequence. Chimpanzee
Randomized multi center comparison of treatment of HIV infected patients: activated CD8+ cells plus rIL-2 plus antiretroviral (AR) therapy vs rIL2 plus AR therapy vs AR therapy alone.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920238; Deresinski SC; Israelski DI; Frascino RJ; Joseph P; Galpin JE; Conant MA; Resnick L; Fyfe G; Alexander JM; Moody D; et al; Applied Immune Sciences, Santa Clara, CA.; HIV infected patients with CD4 greater than 250 and CD8 greater than 800 were maintained on antiretroviral therapy and were randomized to no additional therapy, or to also receive one of two doses of rIL2 or to rIL2 (one of two doses) plus expanded activated autologous CD8+ cells. The last groups received approximatel
Detection of antibodies to HIV 1 with subtype 'O'-like characteristics in plasma specimens collected from individuals in central Africa.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920239; Phelps BH; Hampl H; Gurtler L; Zekeng L; Daghfal D; Falcon R; Camoletto L; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL.; In a study to evaluate prevalence of Human Retroviral infection in the general population, 1960 plasma samples (from normal individuals as well as patients in Hospital and STD Clinics) from Equatorial Guinea were screened for the presence of subtype `O -like antibodies using two rT
A cross-competitive V3 EIA for subtyping HIV1 infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920240; Barin F; Lahbabi Y; Blanc C; Baillou BA; Mathiot C; M'Boup S; Denis F; Universite F Rabelais, Tours, France.; Objective: To develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for subtyping the antibody response to HIV1 and to analyze the subtype specific antibody diversity in various parts of the world, mainly sub-saharan Africa. Methods: Since we justify observed that V3 consensus sequences of HIV1 were highly cross-reactive in indirect EIT
Development of and HIV-1 Nucleocapsid protein capture assay.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920241; Goebel PB; Drummond J; Waters D; Bess J; Sowder R; Henderson L; Arthur L; PRI/DynCorp, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research; and Development Center, Frederick, MD.; Antigen capture assays utilizing the capsid antigen, p24CA and the matrix antigen, p17MA, of HIV-1 have been used to detect virus in the plasma of HIV-1-infected patients. However, antibodies to these viral proteins in HIV-1 antibody positive plasma interfere with the capture assays. Ideally, an HIV-1 antigen for a caT
Development of DNA chips for the rapid sequence analysis and the detection of drug resistant mutations for the HIV protease and reverse transcriptase genes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920242; Kozal M; Chee M; Shah N; Shen N; Yang R; Gingeras T; AFFYMETRIX, Santa Clara, CA.; DNA chips are being developed for the rapid sequence analysis of the HIV protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes. DNA chip consist of high-density, miniaturized oligonucleotide arrays on a solid support. DNA chips are constructed using light directed oligonucleotide synthesis employing semiconductor based pT
Broad use of quantitative RT-PCR assay in assessing viral load in HIV-infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920243; Kwok S; Christopherson C; Mulder J; Dickover R; Bryson Y; Schuurman R; Boucher C; Sninsky J; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA.; A prototype quantitative RT-PCR assay of Amplicor HIV Monitor TM (J. Clin. Micro. 1994: 32:292-300) has been extensively used to monitor viral load in patients on antiretroviral therapy. The Amplicor HIV Monitor TM uses rTth DNA polymerase for both reverse transcription and PCR, incorporates dUTP and uracil-N-glycosylT
Quantitation of plasma HIV-1 RNA using an ultra-sensitive branched DNA (bDNA) assay.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920244; Fultz T; Todd J; Hamren S; Sheridan P; Collins M; Yeghiazarian T; Kern D; Chernoff D; Urdea M; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA.; Quantitation of virion-associated plasma RNA may be useful in assessing efficacy of antiviral therapy and may have prognostic value in determining disease progression in HIV- infected individuals. We have developed an improved method to quantitate plasma HIV RNA levels using branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification teT
Use of frozen whole blood for HIV DNA PCR and nucleic acid analyses.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920245; Lee TH; Diaz R; Busch MP; Irwin Memorial Blood Ctrs, San Francisco, CA.; Objective: Evaluate feasibility of using direct frozen whole blood samples for HIV nucleic acid analyses. Methods: 34 HIV-1 WB positive and 25 WB negative EDTA or ACD-whole blood samples were aliquoted (0.5 ml); 1 aliquot was processed immediately into a leukocyte pellet, and the remaining aliquots frozen at -70 degreT
Cytometric detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA by PCR incorporation of digoxigenin-or fluorescein-labeled dUTP.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920246; Yang G; Olson JC; Pu R; Vyas GN; University of California, San Francisco, CA.; PCR is the most sensitive and direct method for establishing definitive diagnosis of HIV infectivity. To simplify the detection of PCR-amplicons we have developed and evaluated a pair of rapid nonradioisotopic flow cytometric detection methods as an alternative to the conventional radioactive PCR procedure. Using hemiT
Phenotypic characterization of an SIV isolate (SIVhu) from a human infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920247; Hart C; Switzer W; Greem D; Heneine W; Langlois A; Folks T; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Serological screening of laboratory workers in SIV research facilities led to the first documented case of SIV transmission to a human. Virological analysis resulted in isolation of SIV (SIVhu). Nucleotide analysis of SIVhu indicates a 94% homology of SIVhu env with the parental virus strain (delta B670) env and a truT
Effects of acute ethanol infusion on susceptibility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to infection with HIV-1 and on selected cytokine production in vitro.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920248; Bagasra O; Pomerantz RJ; Dorrance H. Hamilton Labs, Thomas Jefferson Univ.,Philaelphia,; PA.; Previously, our laboratories have investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on various T lymphocyte subsets and on the degree of susceptibility on PMBCs to HIV-1 replication in vitro. After alcohol ingestion, HIV-1 replication was significantly increased (P less than 0.001) in PBMCs vs cultures obtained before aT
Triac&Tetrac appear to stimulate the growth of HIV in vitro.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920249; Carlin K; Anderson S; Kennedy R; Chapa I; Thomason A; Carlin S; Brooke Army Med. Center and Center for AIDS Res. Southwest Found.; San Antonio, TX.; Our group previously reported in vitro HIV replication to be independent of thyroid hormone. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of Triac&Tetrac, thyroid hormone analogues, upon HIV replication. Triaca&Tetrac are naturally occurring thyroid hormone breakdown products (alternate pathway for T
Analysis of chemical components to enhance HIV-1 production of membrane derived from acholeplasma laidlawaii.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920250; Arai S; Hayashi R; Ono S; Kuwano K; Akashi A; Nomoto K; Kurume Univ., Kurume.; The biochemical analysis of membrane fractions of Acholeplasma laidlawii to induce HIV-1 replication in acute HIV-1 infection was investigated. Several mycoplasmas enhanced HIV production from MOLT-4. The membrane of these mycoplasmas enhanced HIV-production as revealed by P24 viral core antigen and indirect immuno fl
Expression of the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and the Na+/K+ ATPase is altered by HIV.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920251; Voss TG; Fermin CD; Garry RF; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.; HIV-specific cytopathic effects include the death of single cells due to ballooning degeneration and formation of syncytial cells which also undergo ballooning degeneration. Thus, infection by HIV leads to an apparent loss of membrane structural or functional integrity leading to changes in cell volume and to cell dea
Interaction of HIV-1 with adherent and nonadherent cell populations of the human hematopoietic system.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920252; Dusing S; Stefanski M; Browwn R; Hurt T; Quality Biological, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD.; The basis for hematopathology associated with HIV infection, including lymphopenia, neutropenia, thrombopenia anemia and bone marrow abnormalities, is not well understood. To examine the interaction of HIV-1 with diverse human hematopoietic cell populations, we infected both adherent stromal and nonadherent bone marro
Delineation of the calmodulin binding properties of the carboxy terminus of the HIV-1 transmembrane protein.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920253; Beary TP; Robey WG; Sodroski J; Metzner TA; Montelaro RC; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.; We have previously described two peptide segment designated LLP-1 (residues 826-855) and LLP-2 (residues 768-788) of the HIV-1 transmembrane (TM) protein that display structural and functional properties of calmodulin (CaM) binding. We have hypothesized that these LLP segments can contribute to cytopathogenesis by bin
Effect of amino acid substitutions on in vitro and in vivo functional properties of the LLPI peptide segment of HIV-1 TM glycoprotein.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920254; Tencza SB; Fisher GW; Mietzner TA; Montelaro RC; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.; We have previously identified two domains (designated LLP) in the HIV-1 envelope transmembrane protein that contain a highly positively charged amphipathic helices. We have also demonstrated that the LLP peptides have both cytolytic and calmodulin (CaM) binding/inhibitory properties that could contribute to cytopathog
Efficient endogenous reverse transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in human physiological fluids and in the presence of dNTPs at low concentrations.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920255; Zhang H; Niikura M; Bagasra O; Poiesz BJ; Pomerantz RJ; Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Jefferson Medical College,; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.; With PCR technology, we have previously shown that reverse transcription within extracellular HIV-1 virions can take place in the absence of detergent. In the present studies, we further demonstrated that after long incubation periods (18-24 hrs), almost full-length viral DNA, labeled by alpha-P32- deoxy-cytidine 5 -t
Inhibition of HTLV-l gene expression in transgenic mice.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920256; Battula N; Bieberich C; King C; Chen L; Jay G; Division of Antiviral Drug Products, FDA, Rockville, MD.; The expression of retroviral genes is controlled largely through the interaction of cellular and viral transcriptional regulatory molecules that act on the viral LTRs. We have established an in vivo system to study the regulation of HTLV- l gene expression. Double transgenic mice carrying a transgene consisting of the
HTLV-I directly activates human complement resulting in enhancement of infection while virions are protected from lysis by host cell derived CD55 & CD59.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920257; Spear G; Saifuddin M; Ghassemi M; Landay A; Rush Medical School, Chicago, IL.; Numerous studies have shown that infection by cell-free HTLV-I is inefficient. In this study, we evaluated the ability of human complement (C) to enhance infection by HTLV-I since immune mechanisms have been shown to enhance infection of several types of virus. C increased the ability of HTLV-I to infect complement re
Sequence and functional conservation of the B-cell immuno- dominant env epitopes of melanesian and cosmopolitan strains of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920258; Nerurkar VR; Melland RR; Hoshino H; Song KJ; Yanagihara R; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; The B-cell immunodominant env epitopes of cosmopolitan strains of human T-cell lymphotropic virus typeI (HTLV-I) from Japan , the Caribbean, the Americans and Africa exhibit a high degree of sequence conservation. To determine if these antigenic determinants are similarly conserved i
Possible retroviral/autoimmune etiology in a subset of idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia (ICL) patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920259; Garry RF; Fermin CD; Kohler PF; Markert ML; Tulane University school of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.; An acute cytopathic effect and the formation of multinucleated cells was observed in co-cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia (ICL) patient and cells of a T-lymphoblastiod cell line. A novel human intracisternal A-type retroviral particle designated HIAP-II was detect
HIV-1 kinetics:Rates of production and clearance of viral populations in asymptomatic patients treated with nevirapine.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920260; Havlir D; Eastman S; Richman DD; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.; BACKGROUND: Antitretroviral therapy reduces circulating viral burden and selects for resistant viral populations, but the kinetics of these changes have not been well defined. In early clinical trials with nevirapine , we observed rapid reductions in H
Prognostic capacity of plasma HIV-1 RNA copy number in ACTG 116A.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920261; Welles SL; Jackson JB; Yen-Lieberman B; Demeter L; Japour AJ; Johnson VA; Kuritzkes DR; D'Aquila RA; Reichelderfer P; Richman DD; et al; ACTG 116A Virology Team.; The prognostic capacity of plasma RNA copy number was evaluated retrospectively from 171 patients who participated in ACTG 116A, patients who were ZDV-naive or with less than or equal to 16 week of prior ZDV therapy. Associations of RNA copy number with clinical progression were estimated after adjustment for other ma
Correlation of viral load with subsequent CD4 decline in HIV- infected children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:97. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920262; Zaknun D; Orav J; Kornegay J; Al-Attar I; Burchett S; Zaknun J; McIntosh K; Harvard Med School Boston, MA.; Objective: To date clinicians have relied on a decline in CD4% or number as the major predictor of HIV-disease progression. We hypothesized that increased serum viral load will predict CD4 decline and be an earlier guide for therapeutic decisions. Methods: In frozen serially collected sera from 49 vertically- infected
Longitudinal analysis of quantitative virologic measures in HIV-1 infected individuals with greater than 400 CD4+ cells/microliter.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:97. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920263; Paxton W; Coombs R; McElrath J; Keefers M; Sinangil F; Williams B; Chernoff D; Hughes J; Corey L; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.; Objective: To define the natural variability of quantitative virologic measures whole performing a longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 infected individuals with greater than 400 CD4+ cells/microliter. Methods: Subjects (N=42, median initial CD4+ cells/microliter=604 were followed for a mean of 10.9 months, and quantitative
Use of sequential tonsillar biopsies (Tbx) to assess human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) load in lymphoid tissue of HIV-infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:97. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920264; Henry K; Erice A; Sullivan C; Boies L; Melroe H; Dailey P; St. Paul Ramsey Medical Center, St. Paul, MN.; Lymphoid organs are a reservoir for a high HIV load during all stages of infection. Assessment of HIV load in lymphoid organs during therapy is important in evaluating treatment strategies. We conducted a pilot study to determine the feasibility of performing sequential TBX to measure HIV load. Tbx, peripheral blood l
Potential for lymph node fine needle aspiration to sample virologic markers in early stage HIV patients:: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:97. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920265; Anderson DA; Denobile J; Vahey M; Zhao F; Lane J; Nau M; Wegner SA; Wagner KF; Ghosh B; Cotelingam JD; et al; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.; The potential of lymph node fine needle aspiration (LNFNA) for sampling tissue HIV-1 viral load was evaluated in excised, peripheral lymph nodes from 5 patients with early stage HIV disease (asx, CD4 cells greater than 300/mm3). Quantitation of cells expressing HIV-1 RNA by in situ hybridization, HIV-1 gag RNA and gag
Lymphoid tissue viral load and histologic pattern in early, mid and late stage HIV-1 patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:97. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920266; Anderson DA; Nau M; Turnicky R; Denobile J; Zhao F; Coates J; Vahey M; Lane J; Brown A; Wegner SA; et al; WRAIR/MMCARR, Rockville, MD.; The relationship between lymphoid tissue viral load and histologic pattern (HP) was investigated with excised, peripheral lymph nodes (20 patients), tonsils (1 patient) or spleen (1 patient) from 22 subjects (13 living, 9 autopsies). Eleven patients were early Walter Reed Stage (WRS 2), 2 were mid stage (WRS 4) and 9
A comparison of viral load, phenotype, and neutralization of HIV-1 isolates from lymph nodes (LN) and blood.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:97. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920267; Tamalet C; Lafeuillade A; Vignoli C; Tourres C; Yahi N; deMicco Ph; Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.; We have compared the viral burden, the phenotypic properties and the autologous neutralizing antibody (ANA) response of HIV-1 isolates obtained from lymph node mononuclear cells and PBMC in 11 HIV-1 infected patients (pts). Pts were classified as CDC A: n= 8 ad CDC B:n=3;3 pts were on ZDV or ddI therapy. HIV-1 isolate
Sequence analysis of HIV-1 LTR variants present in multiple body sites.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920268; Ait-Khaled M; McLaughlin JE; Johnson MA; Emery VC; Royal Free Hospital & School of Medicine, London, UK.; The differential and temporal expression of the HIV genome is regulated through the long terminal repeat (LTR). The objectives of this study were to perform a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of HIV-LTR quasispecies in proviral HIV- 1 DNA present in the LN and PBMC compartments of HIV-1- infected individuals.
Discordance between blood plasma and seminal fluid HIV RNA codon 215 genotype during acute HIV transmission.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920269; Holodniy M; Lalezari J; Hong E; Mole L; Kolberg J; Eastman S; AIDS Research Center, VA Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA.; Objective: To determine the relationship between HIV RNA viral load and codon 215 genotypes in blood and seminal plasma during acute HIV transmission, and if present in semen, whether genotypical ZDV resistant HIV strains are sexually transmitted. Methodology: Two subjects were identified as sexual partners, Subject A
Plasma HIV RNA levels are increased during active herpes simplex virus infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920270; Mole L; Ripich S; Margolis D; Holodniy M; ARC, AIDS Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo; Alto, CA.; Objective: Studies in vitro suggest that Herpes simplex virus type (HSV-1) can transactivate HIV. Since oral acyclovir has been found to suppress HSV-1 infection in vivo and improve survival in HIV infected patients, we wanted to study whether HIV infected subjects who manifest
Immune activation and control of viral burden in AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920271; Brichacek B; Swindells S; Janoff E; Stevenson M; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.; A fundamental issue in the pathogenesis of AIDS regards the primary factors which influence viral burden during disease progression. CD4+ T lymphocytes play a central role in the maintenance of viral burden, however, replication of HIV-1 within CD4+ T lymphocytes is absolutely dependent on the activation state of the
Changes in plasma HIV RNA after immune activation by vaccinations and acute illnesses.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920272; Hartley M; Khan A; Guenthner P; Rimland D; Holman R; Schonberger L; Folks T; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; Immune stimulation of CD4 lymphocytes has ben hypothesized to facilitate progression of HIV-1 infection to disease through enhanced HIV-1 replication. Recent reports have suggested that the plasma HIV-1 (P-HIV) titers of infected persons may increase following influenza (FV). We used a quantitative HIV RNA assay (Chir
Effect of splenectomy on the level of HIV RNA in plasma and PBLS as determined by the quantiplex TM HIV-RNA assay.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920273; Henry K; Dailey P; Erice A; Posalaky Z; Melroe H; St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center.; A 37-year-old AIDS patient with KS underwent a therapeutic/ diagnostic splenectomy for painful splenomegaly. Electron microscopy revealed viral particles consistent with HIV. HIV RNA levels were measured by the branched chain DNA assay in samples of spleen homogenate, in plasma (P), and blood leukocytes (PBL). Results
Fluctuation in culture of distinct HIV-1 strains from dually infected persons.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:99. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920274; Janini M; Pieniazek D; Luo CC; LaTorre ND; Peralta JM; Schechter M; Tanuri A; Pieniazek N; Schochetman GS; Rayfield M; Hospital da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Objective: The goal of this project was to study the growth dynamics in tissue culture of distinct HIV-1 strains from dully infected persons. Method: Patients having multiple infections with distinct subtypes of HIV-1 were selected from a Brazilian cohort in which subtypes B, C, and F were present. Peripheral blood mo
Quasispecies complexity in HIV-2 infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:99. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920275; Gao F; Yue L; Shaw GM; Hahn BH; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; Recent studies of HIV-1 intra-patient diversity indicate that individuals are initially infected with a single virus, which then evolves into a complex quasi-species over time. To characterize intra-patient diversity in HIV-2, we PCR amplified and cloned a 453 bp env fragment from uncultured PBMC DNA of five individua
Factors that alter HLA-associated variation in HIV progression.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:99. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920276; Saah AJ; Park L; Kaslow RA; Phair JP; Rinaldo CR; Visscher BR; Mann D; The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), NIH.; Objectives: To search for of association or interaction between proposed HLA susceptibility factors and possible laboratory or behavioral characteristics. Methods: 139 HIV seroconverters were classified into 5 categories ordered according to the algebraic sum of individual or grouped protective (+ 1) or detrimental
Epidemiological and virological findings distinguishing rapid & slow progressors in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:99. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920277; Martin R; Soriano V; Del Romero J; Bru F; Gutierrez M; Bravo R; Gonzalez-Lahoz J; CPS Centro, Centro Sandoval.; On order to know the prevalence and factors associated with slow and rapid progression to AIDS, we study a cohort of 1,283 HIV-1+ individuals on follow-up for more than 3 years in 3 medical centers located in Madrid. Criteria for slow progressors (SP) were time of infection greater than 7 years and CD4+ cells permanen
MHC ancestral haplotypes containing HLA-B8 and B35 are associated with different patterns of HIV-1 disease progression and complications.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920278; Cameron PU; Mallal SA; Witt C; French M; Dawkins RL; Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.; We have determined the effect of MHC genes on the survival of a cohort of 450 HIV infected subjects followed between 1983 and 1992. Among 130 patients whose seroconversion time was known, haplotypes bearing B8 or B35 conferred increased risk for early HIV-1 related death compared to those without these haplotypes [rel
HIV-1 Cellular RNA load splicing patterns predict disease progression in a longitudinally studied cohort.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920279; Michael NL; Mo T; Merzouki A; O'Shaughnessy M; Burke D; Redfield R; Birx DL; Cassol SA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Walter Reed Army Medical; Center, Washington, D.C.; Expression of HIV-1 RNA is characterized by a complex pattern of unspliced and spliced mRNAs. Previous work in cell lines has revealed an ordered shift from predominately spliced transcripts that mirrors the rise in virion production. Cross- sectional studies in infected individuals have shown a rise in unspliced RNA
The influence of past toxoplasma gondii, syphilis hepatitis B and C and cytomegalovirus infections on survival in HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920280; Mallal SA; Mallon DF; Cameron PU; James IR; French MA; Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.; Objective: To describe the prevalence of past infection with Hepatitis B and C viruses, cytomegalovirus , Toxoplasma gondii and Treponema pallidum at presentation in a cohort of HIV- infected subjects and determine the influence of these infections on subsequent HIV-related mortalit
Montonic rapid decline of CD4+ cells related to anal receptive intercourse with ejaculation in a cohort of HIV-infected men who have sex with men.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920283; Wiley D; Visscher B; Detels R; Phair J; University of California, Los Angeles, CA.; This study compares the hazard of rapid monotonic decline of CD4+ cells for men who report anal receptive intercourse with ejaculation (ARE) to men who report no ARE, controlling for the effects of other covariates. 1809 HIV-seroprevalent men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) contributed 3141 continuous pe
Virological analysis of primary HIV-1 infection with rapid CD4 depletion.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:101. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920284; Lafeuillade A; Pellegrino P; Tamalet C; Chalucet Hospital, Marseilles, France.; A 28 year-old man presented in June 1993 with primary HIV-1 infection following receptive anal intercourse. Twenty days after the beginning of clinical symptoms, dissociated p24 antigenemia (p24 ICD) = 250 pg/ml, plasma viremia (PV) = 250 TCID50/ml, cellular viremia (CV) = 279 TCID50/10(6) cells and cervical lymph nod
Virological characteristics associated with a rapid disease progression in HIV-infected children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:100. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920285; Sei S; Robb ML; Frey S; Stewart SK; Pizzo PA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; To identify specific viral factors associated with a rapid disease progression in HIV-infected children, pairs of infant and late isolates obtained from PBMC were phenotypically and genotypically examined in 4 repaid progressors (RP) and 4 less rapid progressors (LRP). RP were defined as patients who developed AIDS de
Convergent evolution in HIV-1 V3 loop with disease progression.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:101. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920286; Strunnikova N; Ray S; Livingston R; Viscidi R; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; We performed a longitudinal study of genetic diversity in 6 perinatally infected infants. Four infants had a stable clinical course and two progressed to AIDS. Beginning in the first year of life, plasma samples were obtained at 2-3 month intervals. Virion-associated RNA was amplified by nested RT- PCR for a 283 bp en
Failure of T cell homeostasis precedes AIDS in HIV+ injecting drug users (IDUs).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:101. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920287; Galai N; Margolick JB; Donnenberg; Astemborski J; Vlahov D; Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD.; After HIV-1 seroconversion, numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes decline progressively while numbers of circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes rise. In gay men, we have previously reported that numbers of circulating T (CD3+) lymphocytes remain constant until approximately 18 months before the onset of an AIDS- defining illness. The
Molecular characterization of the lack of growth of human immunodeficiency virus isolates from asymptomatic homosexual men in T cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:101. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920288; Balachandran R; Gupta P; University of Pittsburgh.; HIV-1 isolates from asymptomatic subjects (asymptomatic isolates), unlike HIV-1 isolates from AIDS patients (AIDS isolates), do not show productive infection in H9 cells. To determine the mechanism of nonproductive replication of asymptomatic isolates in H9 cells, we examined the synthesis of viral DNA in H9 cells inf
Natural history of HIV-1 cell-free viremia.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:101. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920289; Henrard D; Phillips J; Muenz L; Blattner W; Wiesner D; Eyster M; Goedert J; Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, IL.; Methods: Annual specimens obtained from 42 homosexual men with documented seroconversion to HIV-1 and up to 11 yrs of follow-up were tested for quantitative virion-associated HIV- 1 RNA, p24 antigen and CD4+ lymphocyte levels. Results: HIV-1 RNA levels were very stable over time, increasing by no more than one log cop
Virologic analysis of long term HIV seropositive asymptomatic individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920290; Elbeik T; Staprans S; Buchbinder S; Feinberg M; UCSF, San Francisco, CA.; Introduction. Intensive virologic analysis was performed on asymptomatic-long term survivors compared to recent seroconverters. Methods. Groups studied; Healthy long term survivors (HLP, n=35); seropositive greater than 10 years, asymptomatic, CD4 greater than 500/mm3; recent seroconverters (RSC, n=22); seroconversion
T cell receptor V beta repertoire in early HIV seroconverters from Zimbabwe.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920291; Silvestri G; Ringuette N; Ray S; Mbizvo M; Latif A; Bassett M; Katzenstein D; Sekaly RP; Lab. Immunol., IRCM, Montreal, Canada.; Background: Alterations of TCR-V beta repertoire have been reported in HIV patients, suggesting an HIV related SAG activity or in case of acute infection, an oligoclonal expansion of anti-HIV CD8 cells. Patients and methods: TCR V beta repertoire has been studied in 12 early HIV seroconverters (less than 6 months) and
Genetic analysis of an HIV-1 strain recovered from a persistent seronegative AIDS patient.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920292; Vallejo A; Dronda F; Soriano V; Heredia A; Hewlett IK; Laboratory of Molecular Virology, FDA, Bethesda, MD.; We analyzed HIV-1 virological findings of a 29- year-old gypsy male who developed disseminated tuberculosis and esophageal candidiasis remaining seronegative until death. Sera collected several times were repeatedly negative for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies using EIA and WB, even after dissociation of immune-complexes.
Safety, immunologic and virologic activity of nevirapine in combination with zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920293; Murphy R; Havlir D; Saag MS; Cheeseman SH; Dransfield K; Northwestern U, Chicago, IL.; Nevirapine (NVP) 12.5-600 mg/day was administered with zidovudine ( AZT ) 600 mg/day to 83 HIV-infected AZT-experienced patients (pts) with greater than 400 CD4 cells/mm3 in a staggered, dose-escalation trial in order to assess safety, tolerance, immuno
ATZ or ddI monotherapy or ddC+AZT combination therapy in patients with AIDS and prior AZT.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920294; Barr MR; Torres RA; Taylor BS; St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center, New York, NY.; Objective: To assess the relative efficacies of AZT and ddI monotherapies compared to combination therapy with AZT+ ddC in patients wi
A randomized pilot study of zidovudine (ZDV), didanosine (ddI) +/- alpha interferon (IFN) in ZDV monotherapy failure for HIV.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:103. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920295; Cameron DW; Wells G; Rachlis A; Fong I; Schlech W; Gill J; Beaulieu R; Leblanc R; Mackie I; University of Ottawa at Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa.; This 6 month trial compared ZDV600 mg/d + ddI 400 mg/d (Zd) vs Zd + IFN 3 MU 3/wk (ZDI) in 76 ZDV-failed patients with balanced randomization from 100-225, and 225-350 CD4 T cells/microliter. Demographics and HIV disease did not differ between 36 Zd, and 41 ZdI patients, each group with means of about 200 CD4 and 1000
A phase I/II study to evaluate the safety, toxicity and preliminary efficacy of combinations of lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine (AZT) and didanosine (ddI) in children with HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:103. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920296; Lewis L; Mueller B; Schock R; Sel S; Sloas M; Wood L; Zeichner S; Keller A; Young F; Rubin M; et al; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; 3TC , the (-) enantiomer of 2 -deoxy-3 -thiacytidine, has potent in vitro activity as an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase and has been previously evaluated as monotherapy for adults and children with HIV infection. Clinically, 3TC had its greater
A Phase I study of the safety, tolerance, & pharmacokinetics of combination didanosine/ribavirin for HIV disease (ACTG 231).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:103. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920297; Japour AJ; Lertora J; Meehan P; Clax P; Connor J; Pollard R; Mclaren C; Johannesson N; Erice A; Cooney E; et al; Boston MA.; Objective: To assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic interactions of didanosine (ddI) plus ribavirin (rbv). To explore the effect of the combination regimen on virologic and immunologic markers. Methods: Fifteen patients with CD4 less than 500/mm3 enrolled in open label ddI (400 mg/d) monotherapy for four
A randomized phase I/II trial of delavirdine (U-901-152S) compared to combination nucleoside therapy in HIV-1 infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:103. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920298; Davey RT; Chaitt DG; Freimurth WW; Metcalf JA; Boyle J; Falloon J; Kovacs JA; Polis MA; Walker RE; Masur H; et al; N.I.H., Bethesda, MD.; Background: Delavirdine (Dlv) is a potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has in vitro synergy with nucleoside analogues(NA). On this phase I/II trial we measured the toxicity, antiretroviral activity, and viral phenotypic changes
Inn vitro comparison of selected triple drug combinations for suppression of HIV-1 replication.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:103. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920299; St Clair MH; Pennington KN; Rooney J; Barry DW; Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC.; Treatment of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic HIV positive patients with AZT delays the onset of AIDS. However, disease progresses despite monotherapy, possibly due to incomplete inhibition of virus replication or to the development of viral resist
A phase I trial of BW935U83 in HIV infected persons.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:104. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920300; Bartlett JA; McMahon D; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.; BW935U83 is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV in both lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines. It also has activity against ZDV and DDI resistant virus, and exhibits little in-vitro cytotoxicity. A phase I trial of single dose BW935U83 revealed excellent tolerance, oral bioavailabilit
Stavudine (d4T) in the therapy of patients with advanced AIDS and less than 50 CD4 cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:104. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920301; Pottage JC; Benson CA; Sha BE; Urbanski PA; Kessler H; Rush Medical College, Chicago IL.; Objective: To characterize the clinical response to therapy with d4T in pts. with advanced AIDS. Methods: From 1/93 - 8/94, pts. with AIDS and less than 50 CD4 cells/mm3 were enrolled, evaluated and treated according to the d4T treatment IND protocol.
The safety profile of stavudine (d4T) in advanced HIV infection-experience from the Canadian expanded access program (EAP).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:104. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920302; Montaner JS; Rachlis A; Zala C; Auclaire C; Guay F; Boulerice F; Anderson B; Schechter MT; Canadian HIV Trials Network.; Objective: To assess the safety profile of Stavudine ( d4T ) in individuals with advanced HIV disease who have failed or are intolerant to zidovudine (ZDV) and didanosine (ddI) therapy.
Effect of salvage dideoxycytidine (ddC) on growth, nutritional parameters and metabolic rates of children with advanced HIV disease.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:104. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920303; Dankner WM; Rice M; Nyhan WL; Spector SA; University of California, San Diego, CA.; Previous reports have demonstrated that children with advanced HIV disease often show significant growth failure both for weight and height. One measure of efficacy of antiretroviral therapy is reversal of growth failure. We studied 9 children with advanced HIV disease after failure with ZDV and/or ddI, and given
Effect of early vs. delayed vs. late zidovudine Rx on disease progression in 1003 HIV infected patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:104. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920304; Gardner LI; Harrison SH; Blatt SP; Hendrix CW; Wagner KF; Chung RC; Harris RW; Cohn DL; Mayers DL; Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retrovirology, Rockville,; MD.; Uncertainty remains whether early treatment of asymptomatic HIV-infected persons with zidovudine (ZDV) results in either delayed progression or extended survival. The objective of this natural history study was to compare progression and survival rates in early ZDV treated (before CD4+ cells fell below 400 x 10(9)/L) o
The impact of dropouts on estimates of the effect of treatment on CD4 counts in a clinical trial of antiretroviral therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:105. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920305; Raboud JM; Montaner JSG; Thorne A; Singer J; Canadian HIV Trials Network, Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver,; BC.; Objective: To evaluate the impact of missing data due to dropouts on estimates of the effect of treatment on CD4 counts. Methods: The effect of treatment on CD4 counts was calculated from the incomplete data and after imputing missing CD4 counts for patients who voluntarily withdrew from the study by (1) carrying the o
Results of a pilot, large simple trial to help determine when patients with asymptomatic HIV disease should begin anti-HIV therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:105. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920306; Abrams DI; Mitchell TF; Smith RP; Sahl S; Meier P; Peto R; University of California, San Francisco, CA.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using a large, simple trial (LST) methodology to help determine when patients (pts) with asymptomatic HIV disease should begin anti-HIV therapy. METHODS: Primary care providers were asked to consider all asymptomatic pts who had not yet started anti- HIV therapy (regardless ofo
A Meta-analysis of early versus deferred zidovudine in patients without an AIDS-defining illness.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:105. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920307; Ioannidis JP; Cappelleri JC; Lau J; Skolnik PR; Melville B; Chalmers TC; Sacks HS; New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, MA.; Objective: To critically overview the efficacy of early versus deferred zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy in HIV-infected adults without AIDS. Methods: Meta-analysis of all randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials on ZDV monotherapy using data for progression to any primary trial endpoint; any clinical endpoint;o
Differential antiretroviral use in the HIV outpatient study (HOPS).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:105. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920308; Moorman AC; Ward DJ; Brown KM; Fisher DJ; Holmberg SD; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; Objective & Methods: To describe the use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected (HIV+) outpatients, we analyzed data electronically charted from patient visits to prominent HIV clinicians offices in Atlanta, Tampa, Washington, DC, Oakland, CA, Portland, OR and north Los Angeles. Results: In the first 12 months o
A prospective, randomized master antiretroviral trial: a proposal for improving the quality of information on the clinical usefulness of new AIDS drugs.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:105. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920309; Cooper E; American Foundation for AIDS Research.; Accelerated approval of new anti-HIV compounds is a necessary component of drug development in order to make new compounds quickly available to populations that often have exhausted all other treatment options. However, one undesirable results of the current accelerated approval system for new antiretrovirals is that
Intravenous RMP-7 elevates ocular ganciclovir levels.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920310; Elliot PJ; Mackic JB; Graney WF; Zlokovic BV; Alkermes Inc., Cambridge, MA.; The dose of ganciclovir used to treat cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis is restricted by its systemic toxicity and the hydrophilicity which limits its distribution across blood- ocular barriers. The effect of the bradykinin ago
Survival of patients with AIDS following a diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis at the University of Texas Medical Branch from 1984 to 1993.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920311; Hausrath SG; Borucki MJ; Pollard RB; The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.; In 1983 Holland et al reported eight cases of CMV retinitis in HIV-infected patients. None of these survived greater than six weeks. Jabs et al evaluated a series of patients diagnosed with CMV retinitis from 1983 through 1998. The median survival was 5.5 months
Early diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection in HIV-infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920312; Msuya JC; Diaz-Mitoma FJ; Caissie G; Conway B; Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Division of Infectious; Diseases, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver B.C., Canada.; We have devised a PCR assay for the early diagnosis of CMV infection in HIV-infected individuals at highest risk of developing clinical CMV disease. This assay could be applied to detect both latent and active CMV DNA in appropriate clinical specimens. Selective
Monitoring patients on anti-CMV therapies using a quantitative branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification assay.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920313; Miner R; Kolberg J; McMullen D; Kelso R; Hoo B; Wiegand J; Drew L; Mt. Zion Hospital & Medical Center of University of California,; San Francisco, CA.; Objective: Evaluation of changes in quantitation of CMV DNA levels in serial leukocyte specimens. Methods: Cell pellets containing 10(5)-10(6) cells were assayed directly for CMV DNA using a bDNA signal amplification assay. Culture results were also available on
A standardized plaque reduction assay for CMV antiviral susceptibility.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920314; Jokela J; Erice A; Stanat S; Drew L; Spector S; Weinberg A; Gilliam B; Yen-Lieberman B; Manischewitz J; Pollard R; et al; Intro: The ACTG Viral Co-Pathogens Working Group is developing a standardized plaque reduction assay (PRA) to measure CMV susceptibility to antiviral drugs for use on clinical isolates. Methods: 13 ACTG and industry labs assayed 5 CMV strains for susceptibility
Ganciclovir resistant CMV mutant susceptible to the non- nucleoside analog triplex drug TO 1132.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:107. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920315; Jokela JA; Rando RF; Lewis AF; Crumpacker CS; Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA.; Introduction: A new compound from Triplex Corporation TO1132, a non-nucleoside analog, was tested in a CMV placque reduction assay. Two viral isolates were used, a GCV resistant laboratory strain with a defect in the UL97 gene (ED50 to GCV tested in this laborat
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) does not develop resistance following treatment with cidofovir.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:107. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920316; Miner R; Drew WL; Lalezari J; Cherrington JM; Chen MS; Hitchcock MJM; Jaffe HS; Mt. Zion Medical Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA.; Cidofovir [CDV, (S)-(1)-(3-Hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy-propyl) cytosine, HPMPC] sensitivity among clinical isolates from patients enrolled in a clinical trial (GS-101) was determined. GS-101 was a Phase I/II trial to evaluate the safety and antiviral effects of various doses of CDV in AIDS patients with asymptomatic s
Interaction of cidofovir diphosphate with the DNA polymerase encoded by human cytomegalovirus.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:107. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920317; Xiong X; Smith JL; Chen MS; Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.; Cidofovir [CDV, (S)-1-(3-Hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy-proply) cytosine, HPMPC), an acyclic cytosine nucleotide analog with potent in vitro and in vivo activity against a broad spectrum of herpesviruses has ben shown to exert a dose-dependent anti- CMV effect as m
Loss of hearing as a sign of relapse in CMV polyradiculopathy (CP).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:107. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920318; Moe AA; Hardy WD; UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.; Objective: To describe early signs that indicate CP relapse. Method: Retrospective chart review. Results: Three men with AIDS and CP were treated at UCLA-affiliated hospitals from 7/92 to 1/93. All three presented with leg weakness, urinary retention, MRI enhancement of cauda equina, and +
Clinically unrecognized cytomegalovirus brain infection at autopsy is associated with neurocognitive impairment in AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:107. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920319; Ellis R; Schrier R; Wiley C; McCutchan JA; Grant I; University of California, San Diego, CA.; Undiagnosed cytomegalovirus encephalitis (CMV-E) may cause cognitive impairment otherwise attributable to HIV-1 itself (HIV-associated dementia complex, HADC; HIV-associated minor cognitive-motor disorder, MCMD). We analyzed data from 26 AIDS pa
Does subclinical CMV encephalitis (CMV-E) cause neuropsychologic (NP) dysfunction in AIDS patients presenting with CMV retinitis (CMV-R)?: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:107. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920320; McCutchan JA; Freeman W; Eisenman P; Schrier R; Heaton R; Jernigant T; Hesselink J; Wallace M; Grant I; HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center.; CMV causes encephalitis (CMV-E) has been described as severe, rapidly-progressive dementia in AIDS and is often associated with retinitis (CMV-R), but the role of CMV in subclinical cognitive impairment is unclear. In a case-
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in HIV-infected patients in the CPCRA.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:108. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920321; Gibert CL; Gordin FM; Wentworth D; Washington Regional AIDS Program, VA Medical Center, Washington; D.C.; OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of CMV disease and MAC disease in a cohort of HIV-infected patients with a CD4 less than 100; to determine the relative risk of acquiring MAC given prior infection with CMV or vice versa; and to compare the risk of death in pa
High complication rate of herpes zoster (HZ) at an outpatient HIV clinic.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:108. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920322; Glesby MJ; Moore RD; Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.; To determine the incidence and clinical manifestations of HZ in an hospital-based HIV clinic, we reviewed the records of all patients diagnosed with HZ at or after their first clinic visit. 45 cases of HZ occurred during 1614 person-years of follow-up for an incidence of 2.8 cases per 100 person-years. Complication ofa
Successful treatment of acyclovir-resistant zoster with topical trifluorothymidine (TFT).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:108. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920323; Ives DV; Stanat SC; Biron KK; Harris S; Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.; Case Report: A 38 year old man with advanced HIV infection (CD4=10) presented with an enlarging ulcer on his right anterior thigh. Herpes zoster (with cutaneous dissemination) had been diagnosed four months earlier: primary dermatome - right T9. Initial treatment consisted of three weeks of intravenous acyclovir (ACV)a
Active human herpesvirus six (HHV-6) infection of the CNS in patients with AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:108. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920324; Knox KK; Carrigan DR; Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin.; White matter disease is frequently observed in the CNS tissues of patients with AIDS at autopsy. In the studies reported here, four of six unselected adult patients with AIDS had areas of demyelination in their CNS tissues at the time of their deaths. White matter pathology varied among the patients from a single focua
EBV-associated cerebellar encephalitis in an HIV patient.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:108. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920325; Lionnet F; Pulik M; Genet P; Petitdidier C; Rozenberg F; Hospital d'Argenteuil and Hopital St Vincent de Paul, Paris,; France.; Only few neurological syndromes in association with EBV have been reported in HIV patients. We report a case of acute cerebellar encephalitis, which has not previously been observed. Case report: a 30-year-old HIV man had acute ataxia. He had no extracerebellar symptoms. The CD4 cell count was 240/mm3. Cranial CT scana
A randomized study of primary prophylasis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) with twice weekly dapsone-pyrimethamine versus thrice weekly co- trimoxazole.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:109. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920326; Sirera G; Clotet B; Romeu J; Raventos A; Gomez M; Paredes R; Hospital Universitari Germans Trial i Pujol. Badalona.; Catalonia. SPAIN.; OBJECTIVE: To asses the efficacy of two oral regimens for simultaneous primary prophylaxis of PCP and CT in HIV patients with CD4 less than 200/mm3. METHODS: 220 pts (100 IDUs;80 Hms;40 Heteros) were randomized to receive either dapsone (100mg)+ pyrimethamine(50mg), twice weekly (group A) or co- trimoxazole (160/800 ma
Synergistic effect of rifabutin on the prophylactic activity of atovaquone against pneumocystis carinii (PCP) in the SCID mouse.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:109. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920327; Comley JC; Sterling AM; Experimental Biology The Wellcome Foundation Ltd, Beckenham UK.; OBJECTIVE: Aim of the study was to determine if rifabutin (Mycobutin(R) Pharmacia) has a synergistic effect on the prophylatic active of atovaquone (Mepron(R) Wellcome(TM)) against PCP in the scid mouse. METHODS: Scid mice were infected by intratracheal inoculation with a single dose of cryopreserved mouse P.carinii (a
Hepatic involvement with pneumocystis carinii (PCP) in patients with AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:109. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920328; Nepomuceno J; Kirmani N; Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL.; Antemortem diagnosis of extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii infection is rare, although autopsy evidence of dissemination (to lymph nodes, spleen, liver or bone marrow) is found in 2- 5% of cases. We report a case of a 27 year old male with newly diagnosed HIV infection (CD4 count of 8) who presented with pulmonary PCa
Atovaquone suspension for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:109. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920329; Falloon J; Follansbee S; Reves R; Weinberg W; Torres R; Chan C; Covington D; Dohn M; Lafon S; Rogers M; NIH, Bethesda, MD.; Background: Atovaquone (atov) is a useful alternative for PCP, but it is less effective although better tolerated than TMPS. Efficacy correlates with plasma concentrations, but bioavailability of the licensed tablet is limited. Thus, an investigational atov suspension (susp) was evaluated for safety, efficacy & pha
Influence of gender on treatment outcomes and pharmacoeconomics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:109. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920330; Nicolau DP; Ross JW; Nightingale CH; Quintiliani R; Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT.; Despite the proven effectiveness of PCP prophylaxis, patients still present with PCP as the first manifestation of HIV disease. Since PCP is a frequent event requiring inpatient admission at our institution, the purpose of this study was to define the influence of gender on treatment outcomes and economics. During thi
Double-blind randomized comparison of oral trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (TS), dapsone-trimethoprim (DT), and clindamycin-primaquine (CP) for treatment of mild-to-moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:110. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920331; Safrin S; Black J; Finkelstein D; Slasor P; Simpson G; Frame P; Van Der Horst C; Wu A; Cheung T; Hojczyk P; et al; We randomized 181 patients with confirmed PCP and A-a gradient less than or equal to 45 to receive TS (2 double-strength tabs q8h), DT (100 mg/d D; 300 mg q8h T), or CP (600 mg/d P) within 24 hrs of initiation of therapy. Baseline A-a, respiratory rate, temperature and serum LDH were evenly distributed. Therapeutic fa
Experimental evaluation of PS-15 (a biguanide folate antagonist) alone or combined with dapsone in dual pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis infection in a rat model.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:110. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920332; Brun-Pascaud M; Girard PM; Chau F; Derouin F; Pocidalo JJ; Jacobus D; Hopital Claude Bernard, Paris, France.; In order to simultaneously evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of antimicrobial agents against pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis, a model of dual infection was developed in rats. Wistar rats naturally infected by Pneumocystis carinii (P.c.) were immunosuppressed by a 5-week administration of corticosteroids, then challe
Treatment of the chronic stage of toxoplasma gondii infection by clarithromycin based combination therapies.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:110. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920333; Meulbroek JA; Hutch TB; Alder JD; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL.; The efficacy of clarithromycin based combination therapies was tested against the chronic stage of Toxoplasma gondii strain RH in newly developed in vivo and in vitro models. Mice were inoculated intracranially with 5 x 10(4) cysts, with therapies given per os for 10 days following inoculation. The survival rates at 3
Detection of toxoplasma gondii parasitemia by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in AIDS patients with suspected toxoplasma encephalitis: a prospective study.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:110. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920334; Raffi F; Pelloux H; Dupouy-Camet J; Reliquet V; Huart A; Aboulker JP; Derouin F; Leport C; Ambroise-Thomas P; Universities of Nantes, Grenoble, Paris.; A prospective study was designed to assess the value of Toxoplasma gondii (T.g.) detection in blood by culture and PCR in AIDS patients (pts) with suspected T.g. encephalitis (TE). During an 8-month period (6/93 to 2/94), 110 HIV seropositive pts in whom anti-T.g. therapy was initiated because of suspected TE were pro
Can dapsone affect survival in HIV-infected patients? A Meta- analysis of the completed clinical trials.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:110. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920335; Genevieve G; INSERM Unit 300, Universite de Bordeaux II, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex,; France.; Two published trials have reported a deleterious effect of dapsone on survival of HIV-infected patients. This analysis aimed to test if there is an evidence from all completed clinical trials that dapsone can affect survival. Randomized trials, concerning HIV-infected patients, and prophylaxis of opportunistic infecti
Evaluation of the role of cytokine activation in the multiplication of JC virus (JCV) in human fetal glial cells: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:111. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920336; Atwood WJ; Wang L; Durham LC; Amemiya K; Traub RG; Major EO; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; The human polyomavirus, JCV, is the etiologic agent of the fatal central nervous system demyelinating disease, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML occurs most frequently in patients with underlying immunosuppressive disorders. The incidence of PML has risen dramatically as a result of the AIDS pandem
Prognostic factors in AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:111. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920337; Fong IW; Toma E; St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is usually a progressive debilitating and rapidly fatal neurological disease. The course, however, has been variable in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) infections, possibly related to the immunological status of the patient. The natural history of pati
Acanthamoeba Encephalitis in a patient with AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:111. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920338; Vikas M MD; Bradford H MD; Czachor JS MD; Wright State Univ. Som, Dayton, OH.; Primary HIV disease may present initially as an acute neurologic syndrome in approximately 10% of cases. Eventually 40% develop some neurologic complication prior to death. Ring enhancing lesions of the brain with various neurologic symptoms are a common presentation of both infectious and noninfectious disorders in A
Cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients in the United States-- relationship to municipal water supplies?.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:111. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920339; Ciesielski C; Kaplan J; Mays M; Ward J; Juranek D; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA.; Cryptosporidiosis (CRYP) is a protozoal infection that can cause severe diarrhea in immunosuppressed persons. Several transmission modes have been described, including person-to person, but recent outbreaks related to municipal water supplies have raised concern about water-borne transmission. To characterize CRYP amo
Atovaquone (566C80) is effective treatment in AIDS patients with microsporidiosis.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:111. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920340; Anwar D; Hogan S; Thompson S; Wilcox M; Schwartz D; Bryan R; Emory University School of Medicine (Grady Memorial Hospital),; Atlanta, GA.; The aim of this study is to determine the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of atovaquone for treatment (Tx) of gastrointestinal microsporidiosis (micro) in AIDS patients. Eight male homosexual patients with AIDS (mean CD4 count 29/mm3 +/- 11 SEM), in whom mic
Liver disease caused by hepatitis viruses as an emerging cause of hospital admission and death in HIV+ IDUs.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:112. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920341; Soriano V; Garcia Samaniego J; Bravo R; Valencia; Laguna F; Gonzalez LJ; Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Actually up to 20% of patients with HIV infection will survive for 20 years after seroconversion and most of them even without developing AIDS. In Spain , where IDUs represents the largest HIV+ population (70% of them are HIV+ in large cities and 60% of AIDS cases have occurred in th
Screening HIV+ and HIV- injection drug users (IDUs) for syphilis, viral hepatitis B (HBV), viral hepatitis C (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB): results and implications.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:112. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920342; Hodge TW; Gibert CL; Ahern EC; Walshe DK; Bales ZB; Seeff LB; VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; Given the high prevalence of syphilis, HBV, HCV, and TB in IDUs, routine screening is advocated. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 119 HIV+ IDUs (117 male, 2 female; median age 43) and 78 HIV-IDUs (78 male; median age 47) attending the outpatient clinics at a large inner city hospital to determine the preva
Trends in seroprevalence among injection drug users entering drug treatment.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:112. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920343; Prevots R; Allen D; Lehman S; Green T; Gwinn M; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; Objective: To describe trends in prevalent HIV infection among injection drug users (lDUs) entering drug treatment canters (DTC) from 1988 through 1993. Methods: Analysis was restricted to CDC sentinel surveillance sites conducting unlinked HIV testing that met the following criteria: greater than or equal to 3 years
Hepatitis B and C as markers of HIV risk among injecting drug users (IDU), Newark, NJ and San Francisco (SF), CA.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:112. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920344; Weinstock H; Spruill C; Lemp G; Altman R; Prevots R; Gwinn M; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; Like HIV, hepatitis B and C are transmitted parenterally. Using hepatitis B and C as markers of HIV risk behavior in IDU with different HIV prevalences, we conducted unlinked surveys of HIV antibody, hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV), and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) among clients entering drug treatment centers
Incident HIV-1 infections in a cohort of active injection drug users (IDUs) in Baltimore.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:344. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920345; Nelson KE; Vlahov D; Astemborski J; Solomon L; The ALIVE Study, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.; A population of HIV-1 seronegative IDUs were recruited in July-Dec, 1992 from an existing cohort study for followup at quarterly (i.e. 3 mos) intervals to evaluate their incidence of HIV-1 infection, risk factors for incident HIV-1 infection, and compliance with followup. Participants have been followed until June, 19
High rates of HIV seroconversion among heterosexuals in a New York City (NYC) cohort.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:113. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920346; Chiasson MA; Heffernan R; Sackoff J; New York City Dept. of Health, New York, N.Y.; Objective: To determine HIV seroconversion (SC) rates in a cohort recruited from patients attending an inner city STD clinic. Methods: 3,868 HIV seronegative patients, previously recruited for an HIV risk factor study, are eligible for follow-up which includes counseling, HIV serologic testing and a structured HIV ris
HIV seroprevalence trends in MSM attending NYC sexually transmitted disease clinics, 1988-1993.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:113. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920347; Torian LV; Weisfuse IB; Makki HA; Benson DA; Dicamillo LM; Patel PR; Toribio FE; NYC Dept of Health.; OBJECTIVES: To describe the population and to update HIV seroprevalence data on men who have sex with men (MSM) who attended New York City (NYC) Department of Health Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) clinics between 1988 and 1993. METHOD: Unlinked HIV serosurvey using remnant serum originally drawn for routine syphil
HIV-1 among applicants for life, health, and disability insurance, 1991-1992.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:113. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920348; Weber JT; Raimondi VP; Edeline ME; Kleinsasser WL; Janssen RS; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; OBJECTIVES: To determine HIV-1 seroprevalence among applicants for life, health, and disability insurance and to examine the relationship of positive HIV-1 antibody test results with demographic characteristics and results of other tests. METHODS: Specimens from insurance applicants who consented to testing were submi
HIV/AIDS in prisoners in Massachusetts (MA).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:113. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920349; DeMaria A; Gallagher K; Werner B; Gagnon T; Epstein A; Hall T; MA Department of Public Health and MA Department of Correction; (MDOC), Boston, MA.; Many persons in prison have practiced HIV risk behaviors and HIV infection has become a major clinical management problem. In an unlinked HIV serosurvey during 1990-1992, 5.8-8.8% of men and 11.9-13.4% of women entering MDOC facilities were positive. Only 65/283 (2.3%) MA prisoners voluntarily tested during 4/93-3/94
Sero-epidemiological data on HIV infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:113. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920350; Lan NT; Trung DQ; Lafon ME; Fleury HJ; Direction des Services de Sante, Ho Chi Minh Ville, Viet Nam.; The extension of HIV epidemics in South-East Asia has become a worrying topic. In Viet Nam, HIV epidemics was not recognized until recently. We therefore started a sero- epidemiological study on HIV infection in Ho Chi Minh City and the surrounding area at the beginning of 1992. Antibody screening was carried out with
AIDS in New york City: 1994.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:114. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920351; Coronado V; Singh T; Williams R; Fordyce J; Lawton K; New York City Department of Health, New York, NY.; OBJECTIVES: To describe the AIDS epidemic in New York City and the impact of the 1993 Adults and Adolescent CDC AIDS surveillance case definition expansion (adding CD4+ T lymphocytes less than 200 cells/microliter, pulmonary tuberculosis, invasive cervical cancer, and recurrent pneumonia as AIDS defining conditions in
Heterosexual transmission: The leading cause of new HIV infections in the South Bronx, New York?: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:114. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920352; Irwin K; Olivo N; Brown K; Edeline M; Weber JT; Janssen R; Ernst J; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the South Bronx are among the highest in the USA. Transmission in this area during the 1980s was primarily due to injected drug use (IDU). To assess the role of heterosexual transmission among persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection, we surveyed patients (pts) at a large S. Bronx hospit
Late HIV diagnoses among persons reported with AIDS in Los Angles County.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:114. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920353; Bruce R; Simon P; Kerndt P; County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA.; Objective: To assess the time interval from first positive HIV test to AIDS diagnosis and to identify factors associated with delayed diagnosis of HIV. Methods: Persons reported with AIDS in Los Angeles County (LAC) between January 1990 and July 1994 were sampled for enrollment in an interview survey that includes que
HIV-2 infection in Spain: analysis of 48 cases identified up to September 1994.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:114. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920354; Soriano V; Gutierrez M; Caballero E; Fernandez J; Aguilera A; Glz-Lahoz J; Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; HIV-2 infection is unfrequently recognized outside West Africa; and most of the cases identified in Europe and North America correspond to African immigrants. The first cases of HIV-2 infection in Spain were identified in 1988, in 3 West African immigrants living in Barcelona. Since
New features of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Russia.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:114. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920355; Kozlov A; Volkova GV; Verevochkin SV; Emeljanov AV; Malykh AG; Reitz M; Farzadegan H; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; In Russia the general approach to HIV surveillance is through extended program of screening of anti-HIV. Specifically designed quality control program which we have performed among 20 laboratories in St. Petersburg and 90 labs throughout Russia and CIS by using coded sera panels ha
Prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes in Sao Paulo city/Brazil.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:115. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920356; Sabino E; Brigido L; Diaz R; Delwart E; Mayer A; Busch M; Mullins J; Reingold A; Duarte A; Instituto Adolfo Lutz Sao Paulo/Brazil.; Objective: To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes among people attending one AIDS Clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil . Methods: Samples were obtained from HIV-1 infected individuals attending the Dep of Immunology Clinics at the University of Sao Paulo. PBMC were separated by Ficoll
Genetic heterogeneity of V3 region of HIV-1 from 1983 Brazilian homosexual males.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:115. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920357; Diaz RS; Sabino EC; Ferraz ML; Silva AB; Mayer A; Irwin Memorial Blood Ctrs, San Francisco, CA.; Background: V3-region sequence analyses of samples from Brazil from 1989-92 has shown the GWGR tetramer at the tip of the V3 loop in about 40% of cases, whereas the GPGR motif predominates in North America and Europe (NA/E). Subgroup F has also been detected in a minority of curren
Sequence analysis of the gag and env genes of HIV-1 in children from Romania.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:115. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920358; Bandea CI; Pascu R; Baldwin A; Lobont V; Wright A; Luo CC; Rapier J; Schochetman G; Kalish ML; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; We have previously identified and HIV-1 envelope subtype called F in cultured viral isolates recovered from infected children in southeastern Romania . Here we report the genetic analysis of HIV-1 env and gag genes amplified directly from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 1
Characterization of HIV-1 strains from a minority population in Georgia.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:115. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920359; Baldwin A; Luo CC; Rapier J; Lee F; Nesheim S; Nahmias A; Simonds RJ; Schochetman G; Kalish ML; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Grady Hospital,; Atlanta, GA.; Objective: To determine the genetic subtypes and the amount of variation among HIV-1 strains in a large population at Grady Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. Design: Specimens were collected from 62 infants and 13 mothers of African-American descent enrolled in a perinatal transmission study. The relatedness of the member
Sequence analysis of HIV-1 gp120 V3 to V5 region in paired mother-child samples.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:115. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920360; Roth WW; Stringer HG; Zuberi JA; Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.; We have examined proviral variants in HIV-1-infected mothers and their children served by an urban neighborhood-based clinic. Of eleven mother-child pairs examined, three children were HIV-1-positive as determined by PCR amplification of DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We have determined DNA and derived a
Biological and molecular characterization of two HIV2 strains isolated from a mother-to-child transmission pair.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:116. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920361; Cavaco SP; Taveira NC; Lourenco MH; Moniz PJ; Santo FM; Faculty of Pharmacy of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.; To characterize two HIV2 strains: one isolated from a child born to a HIV2 seropositive mother and the other from the respective mother. Viruses were isolated from the mother (asymptomatic) and the 27 day old child (AIDS), by standard cocultivation. Low passaged viral preparations were used to infect several cell line
Genetic variants of HIV-1 in the AIDS CNS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:116. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920362; Shapshak P; Xin KQ; Stewart RV; Srivastava AK; Nagano I; Stitt F; Fernandez B; Okuda K; Morikawa S; Univ of Miami Med School, Miami, FL.; GOAL. Drug abuse and AIDS continue to spread unabated and we need to determine mechanisms of HIV-1 pathogenesis and etiology. AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a consequence of HIV- 1 infection and we are elucidating the role of HIV-1 DNA sequence variants. Specific variants may be as
Confirmation of homotypic dual infections with HIV-1 and phylogenetic analysis of the contributing subtypes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:116. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920363; Pieniazek D; Janini M; Luo CC; DeLaTorre N; Peralta JM; Tanuri A; Schechter M; Pieniazek N; Kalish M; Schochetman G; et al; Hospital da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Objective: The goal of this study is to identify, confirm, and characterize mixed infections by distinct HIV-1 strains. To this end, infections within a Brazilian cohort endemic for HIV-1 subtypes B, F, and C were selected for evaluation. Methods: HIV-1 proviral DNA from the patients peripheral blood mononuclear cell
Sequence alignment strategy for HIV-1 env V1 and V2 hypervariable domains.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:116. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920364; Lamers SL; Sleasman JW; Goodenow MM; University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.; A major factor that inhibits rapid analysis of HIV-1 envelope V1 and V2 sequences is the extensive amino acid and length variation that occurs throughout the region. The V1 domain varies in length from 20 to 40 amino acids. In most cases, V2 varies from 30 to 46 amino acids, although domains as short as 26 or as long
Establishment of a quality assurance program (QAP) for HIV-1 RNA PCR by the AIDS clinical trials group (ACTG).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:116. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920365; Yen LB; Brambilla D; Jackson B; Palumbo P; Herman S; Todd J; Lin HJ; Rasheed S; Bremer J; Coombs R; et al; Cleveland Clinic, OH.; A number of quantitative assays have recently been developed using PCR or branched DNA signal amplification (bDNA) to measure HIV-1 RNA in the plasma of infected individuals. The ACTG has established an independent program for quality assuring HIV-1 RNA assays. The objective of the QAP was to ascertain a laboratory s
Quantification of HIV-1 cellular & plasma RNA during combination antiretroviral treatment.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:117. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920366; Pattullo A; Patenaude P; Merzouki A; Sy T; Conway B; Montaner J; O Shaughnessy M; Cassol S; B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital,; Vancouver, Canada.; Objective: To assess quantitative RT-PCR of HIV-1 spliced and unspliced mRNA using competitive RT-PCR and end-point dilution and plasma RNA by a commercial RT-PCR kit and to determine their utility in assessing therapy. Methods: Subjects with CD4 less than or equal to 400 enrolled in a randomized trial of combination
Plasma viral load measured by branched DNA assay (bDNA) during treatment with zidovudine (ZDV) or didanosine (ddI).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:367. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920367; Ercilla G; Onorato V; Lonca M; Zamora L; Pumarola T; Gatell JM; Hospital Clinic. Barcelona.; Fourteen HIV Pt were enrolled. 8 naive patients with less than 400 CD4+ cells/mm3 were given ZDV (500 mg/day). Six Pt previously treated with ZDV (greater than 6 mo.) were switched to ddI (400 mg/day). Plasma samples obtained before, at 3, 6 and 12 mo. were frozen at -80 degrees C. bDNA assay was employed to measure t
Quantitative HIV RNA measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT PCR) as a marker of activity of antiviral therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:117. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920368; Haubrich RH; Flexner C; Lederman M; Hirsch M; Herman S; Studlack M; Wang J; Dreyer K; Richman DD; UCSD San Diego, CA.; OBJECTIVE: To examine baseline and longitudinal RNA levels and to compare these values with other markers of HIV infection, CD4 cells count and p24 antigen. METHODS: Plasma (P) and Serum (S) samples from a subset of patients on a trial comparing a tat antagonist (Ro 24-7429) with nucleoside analogues were analyzed for
Documentation of in vivo anti-CMV activity cerebrospinal; fluid (CSF) by bDNA assay.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:117. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920369; Drew L; Miner R; Garvey J; Leoung G; Shen LP; Kolberg J; Follansbee S; Poscher M; Flood J; Mount Zion Hospital and Medical Center of the University of; California, CA.; Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) neurologic disease has emerged as an important cause of morbidity in AIDS patients. Improvement with therapy has been infrequent but it has been unclear whether this results from the advanced degree of disease verse inadequate antiviral the
Detection of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 proviral sequences from tissue samples of patients with malignant T- cell lymphoma.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:117. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920370; Bahia D; Starkey C; Yen LB; Butcher A; Tubbs R; Sampaio C; Grupo De Estudos Em Medicina, Salvador, Brazil.; In order to determine the occurrence of Adult T-Cell Leukemia Lymphoma (ATLL) in a specific T-cell malignancy population of a non-endemic area, we studied the tumor tissues from thirty patients diagnosed at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The tissue sections were de-paraff
Detection of HIV mutants resistant to protease inhibitors by solid-phase non-radioactive minisequencing.: 2nd National Conf Hum retro and Related Infect. 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:117. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920371; Alexander MA; Winslow DL; Anton E; Logue K; Bacheler LT; The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, DE.; The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can mutate to form several subtypes within the same individual. These resistant to antiviral drugs. HIV mutants resistant to reverse transcriptase inhibitors have ben observed in treated patients. We want to examine the possibility that HIV might become resistant to
Pilot assessment of laboratory testing to detect HIV-1 in clinical specimens by PCR.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:118. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920372; Lange JV; Bailey G; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, GA.; In 1994, the CDC initiated a voluntary program to assess PCR testing for HIV-1 in clinical specimens. Questionnaires were sent to 66 participants; aliquots of HIV-1-positive and negative clinical specimens were collected and shipped on each of 3 consecutive weeks to 32 of the 66. Fifty-five questionnaires were complet
Quantification of viral genomic RNA in the plasma of HIV-1- infected children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:118. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920373; Schutzbank TE; Henry D; Ochoa A; Smith J; Troy J; Children's National Medical Center and The George Washington; University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C.; We evaluated the Quantitative Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification (Q-NASBA TM) assay developed by Organon Teknika, for the detection and quantification of HIV-1 genomic RNA in the plasma of HIV-1 infected children. NASBA employs three enzymes, AMV reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and T7 RNA polymerase, which func
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is useful for the early diagnosis of pediatric HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:118. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920374; Rathore MH; Dept. of Peds, Univ. of FL Hlth Sci Ctr, Jacksonville, FL.; Early diagnosis of perinatal HIV infection cannot be made by HIV antibody testing. HIV culture is not available at many community based programs. We use PCR for the early diagnosis of HIV infection in children. We reviewed 122 children with HIV infection seen at our institution since 1986; 64 seroreverted and 8 were l
HIV-1 RNA in hemophiliacs with non-hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and AIDS: Relation to ICDp24 and CD4.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:118. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920375; Ragni M; Faruki H; The Hemophilia Malignancy Study (HMS), Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA.; NHL is the most common malignancy in hemophiliacs with HIV infection. HIV-1 RNA was measured by bDNA hybridization (Quantiplex bDNA, Chiron) and compared with ICDp24 (EIA, Coulter) and CD4 in samples from 40 hemophiliacs with NHL-AIDS or non-NHL AIDS enrolled in HMS, a multicenter study of 3039 hemophiliacs from 18 U.
Development of a supersensitive assay for the detection of reverse transcriptase and its application of serum samples from HIV-1-infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:118. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920376; Heneine W; Yamamoto S; Switzer WM; Spira TJ; Folks TM; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; We developed an ultrasensitive assay for reverse transcriptase (RT), in which an in vitro transcribed heteropolymeric RNA sequence was used as a template, and PCR amplification with Southern blot hybridization served as a detection system for the cDNA product of the reaction. The assay, called Amp-RT, was shown to be
Direct automated sequencing of dried blood spots (Dbs): an international resource for monitoring HIV-1 genetic variation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:118. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920377; Merzouki A; O'Shaugnessy M; Weniger B; Ou CY; Read S; Gomez P; Wawer M; Cassol S; B. C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS. Vancouver, Canada.; Sequencing of international strains of HIV-1 is an important sept in the development of a globally effective AIDS vaccine. Recent studies indicate that HIV-1 genetic diversity is more extensive than previously appreciated, with at least eight envelope genotypes (A through F, H and O) distributed over five continents.
Dried blood spot HIV PCR improves the diagnosis of HIV in infants.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:119. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920378; Major C; Read S; Gomez P; Cassol S; Li X; Bain RM; McNiel P; Sy T; Strunc G; Galli R; et al; Ontario Ministry of Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.; The diagnosis of vertically transmitted HIV infection is confounded by the presence of maternal antibodies and requires detection of the virus or viral DNA. We have evaluated recent advances in PCR technology using dried blood spot (dbs) extraction vs whole blood lysis with the Roche Amplicor HIV PCR kit in a prospect
A multiplex PCR assay for the detection of HIV-1 in geographically diverse samples.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:119. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920379; Wang H; Butcher A; McDonough K; Respess R; Spadoro J; Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Somerville, NJ.; The recent identification of very divergent strains of HIV-1 poses a diagnostic challenge to ensure optimal sensitivity. Towards this effort, we have tested a multiplex PCR assay coupled with a microwell detection assay. Leukocyte pellets were prepared by direct lysis of whole blood. After extraction of proviral DNA,
A consensus PCR primer/probe set capable of detecting known HIV-1 subtypes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:119. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920380; Respess R; Butcher A; Wang H; Kalish M; Otten A; George JR; Sangare A; Haller L; Kwok S; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA.; The availability of sequence information from a large number of HIV-1 isolates has permitted the classification of various viral sub-types. Of particular interest, a divergent strain of HIV-1 (MVP5180), now characterized as subtype O, has been isolated from patients in Cameroon i
Application of NASBA technology in the study of retroviral infection in vitro and in vivo.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:119. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920381; Romano JW; Shurtliff RN; Pal R; Sarngadharan MG; Kaplan M; Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD.; NASBA technology is a specific, isothermal method of nucleic acid amplification which is readily applied to the amplification of RNA. The capacity to use NASBA to amplify RNA targets establishes the technology as a powerful tool in the study of retroviruses. NASBA based assays for the detection and quantitation of HIV
Quantitation of HIV-1 plasma viremia in patients with rapid and slow disease progression.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:119. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920382; Bravo R; Soriano V; Martin R; Del Romeo J; Dronda F; Gutierrez M; Valencia E; Moreno V; Bru F; Gonzalez LJ; Coordination: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; The rate of progression to AIDS seems to occur widely in HIV-1 infected individuals. Host factors such as e.g. HLA, coinfection with other infectious agents, and virulence linked to each patient s HIV strain correlate with different prognosis. In order to assess the relevance of the viral burden on the natural history
Quantitation of HIV-1 DNA and RNA by a novel internally controlled polymerase chain reaction (ICPCR) assay.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:119. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920383; Gupta P; Ding M; Cottrill M; Rinaldo C; Mellors J; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.; Quantitation of HIV-1 DNA and RNA in cells and body fluids has become an important tool in studies of HIV-1 pathogenesis and antiretroviral efficacy. Current quantitative competitive PCR (QC PCR) assays are cumbersome, requiring 10-12 reactions per sample. We have developed a novel internally controlled PCR (ICPCR) to
Comparison of enzyme immunoassays and supplemental tests for anti-HTLV-II.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:120. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920384; Stephens J; Buytendorp M; Prillaman J; Motley C; Robertson E; Miles F; Lawson C; Lellish K; Sproch M; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL.; The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of supplemental tests for detection of anti-HTLV-II samples. A 40 member panel was used for evaluation consisting of 35 HTLV-II samples (18 undiluted and 17 serially diluted from 4 samples), 3 HTLV-I samples (1 undiluted and 2 diluted), 1 indeterminate sample,
Split patient specimens: achieving a more accurate measure of HIV-antibody testing performance.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:120. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920385; Schalla WO; Blumer SO; Taylor RN; Hearn TL; Gaunt EE; Seilkop SK; Holzworth DA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Using federally funded counseling and testing (CT) sites the CDC Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) implemented a blind performance evaluation study to assess the performance of HIV-antibody testing laboratories. A total of 147 CT sites located in 41 states and 94 corresponding testing laboratories are partic
Prospective evaluation of optimized methods for detection of HIV-1 antibodies in oral fluids.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:1210. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920386; Granade TC; Parekh B; Phillips SK; Lee-Thomas S; Pigott W; Gomez P; Orlander H; George JR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Recent modifications in collection technology and enzyme immunoassays (EIA) have improved the detection of HIV-1 antibodies in oral fluids (OF). We evaluated 500 prospectively collected, matched serum and oral fluid (Orasure) pairs for the presence of HIV-1 antibodies. Serum specimens were tested by the Abbott HIV AB
Saliva as diagnostic tool in pediatric HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:120. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920387; Bouzas MB; Zapiola I; Lopez E; Fallo A; Sordelli N; Cattaneo A; Wainstein C; Muchinik G; Hospital de Ninos de Buenos Aires Ricardo Gutierrez and; Programa SIDA, MCBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Although the presence of HIV-1 IgG ab in saliva of infected adult patients has been widely documented, few publications refer to saliva in pediatric patients. Saliva and serum were collected from 40 children born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers. Saliva was collected using the Omni-Sal R collection device (Saliva Diagnos
HIV EIA testing of saliva and urine under tropical conditions.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:120. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920388; Spielberg F; Young NL; Lohsomboon P; Carr L; Weniger BG; Cornell Medical College, Manhassett, NY.; Objectives: To compare Genetic Systems (GSC) Organon Teknika (ORG), and Cambridge Biotek (CAM) EIAs on unrefrigerated saliva and urine. Methods: Serum, saliva and urine specimens were collected from 497 sex workers and IV drug users in Thailand . Saliva was collected using the Orah
Rapid screening for HIV antibodies in the field: two inexpensive test kits.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:121. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920389; Jensen P; Cotleur A; Babu U; Kouyate Y; Beal C; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.; We compared two rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits for the detection of HIV-1,2 antibodies with reference EIA and Western Blot (WB). EDI HIV-1,2 (E1) is a 6 min. test done in a plastic pouch using latex beads coated with recombinant protein from gp41 & gp120 of HIV-1, and a synthetic peptide from gp36 of HIV-2. Th
Honduras field evaluation of the WHO HIV alternative testing strategies.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:121. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920390; Stetler HC; Meza R; Granade TC; Phillips SK; Nunez C; Amador L; George JR; Terrell S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; The standard algorithm for HIV antibody testing uses an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for screening followed by a more specific supplemental test, usually Western blot. This algorithm is difficult to perform in developing countries because it is costly and requires instruments and a constant power supply. The need for simpe
Development of an HIV-1/HIV-2 immunoassay on an automated analyzer with HIV-1 subtype O deductibility.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:390. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920391; Kramer S; Sehgal B; Stewart S; Tarpey L; Daghfal D; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois.; Objective: To evaluate an immunoassay to detect antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2, with the capability to detect HIV subtype O samples for use on a random, continuous access immunoassay analyzer. Method: Antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 from human plasma or sera bind to recombinant HIV proteins coated on microparticles. Boune
Study of p24 Ag. assay as a unique test to determine HIV infection in pediatric patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:121. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920392; Zapiola I; Bouzas MB; Lopez E; Fallo A; Sordelli N; Cattaneo A; Wainstein C; Muchinik G; Hospital de Ninos de Buenos Aires Ricardo Gutierrez and; Programa SIDA, MCBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina.; We evaluate the test of p24 antigen, as a diagnostic tool, in low budget locations, as a follow up test in pediatric patients born to HIV-positive mothers. One hundred and seven samples were collected from 92 patients. Abbott HIV-1 Ag. monoclonal and Abbott HIV-1/2 Ab assay was used. Serum disruption of immune complexe
Diagnosis of HIV infection in infants by the Coulter ICD assay.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:121. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920393; Paul M; Toedter G; Hofheinz D; Pelton S; Marecki M; Brena A; Abrams E; Pahwa S; North Shore University Hospital-Cornell Medical College,; Manhassett, NY.; Early diagnosis of HIV infection status in infants is of critical importance for management decisions. Currently, PCR & HIV culture are commonly used for diagnosis. Serum p24 Ag assays have not been very useful because of reduced sensitivity, which is reportedly enhanced if the immune complexes are first dissociate
Correlation between HIV p24 antigen levels and disease progression in HIV infected individuals before and after acid dissociation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:121. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920394; Sherlock CH; Craib KJP; Zala L; Karakas L; Montaner JS; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,; Canada.; Objective. To determine the relationship between HIV p24 antigen concentration and disease progression in HIV- infected individuals using a new commercial assay with acid dissociation. Methods. Previously frozen sera were selected from a serum bank of known HIV infected individuals. The CD4 cell count and CDC disease r
Utility of immune complex disruption for longitudinal monitoring of p24 antigenemia.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:122. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920395; West D; Henrard D; Wu S; Phair J; Wiesner D; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL.; Methods: Sequential plasma specimens (N=368) were obtained from 87 Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants including 39 Ag converters (Group I) & 48 progressors to AIDS without Ag conversion (Group II). For ICD treatment, 100 microliters of sample was incubated at 70 degrees C for 10 minutes with 190 micr
Immune-complex dissociation (ICD) of HIV-1 p24 antigen as a first step in the diagnosis of perinatally transmitted HIV-1 infection. Base dissociation & acid ICD compared.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:122. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920396; Hyman J; Lockwood D; Holody T; Youngbar P; Organon Teknika Corporation, Durham, NC.; The transmission rate of HIV-1 from mother to child has been reported to be 10%-30% of all births. A reliable means of determining the infected state of a child born to an HIV-1 infected mother is crucial for establishing appropriate therapy. Detection of antibody to HIV-1 proteins is of limited use in these children
Comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal based antigen assays for the detection of immune complex dissociated HIV-1 antigen.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:122. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920397; Griffith BP; Garner RB; Kerr TA; Rigsby MO; Cooney EL; Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Haven, CT.; The Abbott monoclonal and polyclonal based ELISAs for detection of HIV-1 antigen were evaluated for their ability to detect immune complex dissociated (ICD) HIV-1 antigen in a total of 130 serum samples obtained from HIV-1 infected patients. HIV-1 ICD antigen was quantified in each sample using the same standards for
HIV-1 p24 antigenemia in HIV-1 ELISA reactive, western blot/IFA negative sera.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:122. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920398; Myers RA; Patel JD; Joseph JM; Maryland Department of Health Laboratories, Baltimore, Maryland.; By current ASTPHLD/CDC HIV serology interpretation guidelines, specimens that are repeatedly HIV ELISA relative, but are found to be western blot (WB) or IFA (indirect fluorescent antibody) negative are considered to be negative for the presence of HIV antibodies. However, it has been demonstrated that recombinant or
Most HIV p24 antigen in plasma is not associated with HIV virions.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:1221. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920399; Donovan RM; Bush CE; Manzor O; Harris TD; Markowitz NP; Saravolatz LD; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.; Although plasma HIV p24 antigen is routinely measured in both clinical trials and patient care, its form and characteristics in vivo are not very well understood. This study examined the association between plasma HIV p24 antigen and HIV virions, as measured by plasma HIV RNA. Plasma samples from 19 HIV antigenemic pa
Evaluation of the CHIRON R RIBA TM HIV-1/HIV-2 strip immunoblot assay (SIA).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:122. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920400; McNairn D; Kline R; Quinn TC; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.; To determine the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the Chiron RIBA TM HIV-1/HIV-2 SIA for confirmation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, 590 sera from various high-risk populations in the U.S., Zaire , Nigeria ,
Comparison between CHIRON RIBA HIV-1/2 SIA and DBL HIV BLOT 2.2.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:123. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920401; Tamalet C; Rousseau S; CHU La Timone, Marseille, France.; Purpose: To compare the performance of RIBA HIV-1/HIV-2 SIA (strip immunoblot assay) to DBL HIV BLOT 2.2 Western Blot kit by testing well characterized samples. Design: Sensitivity was determined by testing the following samples having HIV antibody: 27 HIV-1, 13 HIV-1 seroconversion (SC) from 10 patients, 1 pre-seroco
Rapid microfiltration EIA resolve indeterminate HIV-1 Western blots.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:123. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920402; Ndimbie OK; Perry B; Deriggi C; Guiliani R; Central Blood Bank and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.; Patients with indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) immunoblots are difficult to counsel. Clinical options include retesting by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot (WB) in three to six months or assaying by PCR or immunofluorescence. We evaluated the Murex Single Use Diagnostic System (SUDS R, Mur
An enzyme immuno assay (EIA) titration of antibodies to the CD4 binding site Gp120 (CD4BS Abs).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:123. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920403; Turbica I; Barin F; Universite F. Rabelais, Tours, France.; Objective: To develop a sensitive, specific and practical assay (EIA) to titer CD4BS Abs and to evaluate their prevalence in HIV-infected individuals. Methods: The assay is a competitive EIA in which serum antibodies compete with labeled F105 for binding to purified recombinant vaccinia virus expressed gp120 coated on
Rapid culture and quantitation of HIV-1 from patient cells without the use of mitogen-stimulated donor cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:123. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920404; Kim PK; He S; Ho JL; Division of International Medicine, Cornell University Medical; College, New York, NY.; We report the development of a rapid, sensitive, viral culture method for direct quantitation of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This new method cultures 10(7) PBMCs from HIV-seropositive persons in 10 ml medium containing 50 ng/ml phorbol 13-myristate 12-acetate (PMA) 10% interleukin-2 (
Trends in compliance of laboratories performing T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry with CD4-testing guidelines.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:123. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920405; Taylor RN; Cross GD; Schalla WO; Handsfield JH; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.; Information about the testing performance and the procedures used by laboratories in the CDC Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) is obtained for laboratories that perform human T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping (TLI) by flow cytometry. The performance results as well as testing information are used to measure cha
Does the current level of laboratory reliability of CD4+ absolute counts merit the current level of physician confidence in this test?: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:123. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920406; Peddecord KM; Francis DP; Benenson AS; Hofherr LK; Perry S; Xie Q; Scharf DB; Taylor RN; Cross GD; Schalla WO; Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San; Diego, CA.; We estimated physician confidence in quality requirements for CD4+ testing from a nationwide survey of 498 responding physicians (a 33% response rate) specializing in infectious diseases, internists and family practitioners practicing in US metropolitan areas with high AIDS infection. Fifty-one percent found the accur
Variable hematology results due to specimen alterations encountered in developing a protocol for a T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping proficiency testing program.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:124. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920407; Cross GD; Schalla WO; Taylor RN; Gaunt EE; Cohn RD; Seilkop SK; Holzworth DA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Care and management of HIV-infected patients and the diagnosis of AIDS are dependent on accurate and reliable T- lymphocyte immunophenotyping (TLI) results. For developing a protocol for a national proficiency testing (PT) program, it was determined that a preliminary hematology study was necessary to provide informat
Evaluation of the Zymmune TM CD4/CD8 immunoassay method for measuring absolute CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte levels: results in adults and pediatric specimens.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:124. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920408; Denny TN; Jensen BD; Louzao AG; Vella FA; Gavin EI; Stein D; Oleske JM; Wong W; New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.; The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new immunoassay method (Zymmune TM CD4/CD8 Cell Monitoring Kit, Zynaxis, Inc., Malvern PA) for measuring absolute CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts in comparison to the standard method which combines the results of flow cytometry (FACScan TM) and hematology (Sysmex TM E-2500).
Improved specificity of an HIV-1/2 recombinant strip immunoblot (SIA) compared with HIV-1 Western blot.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:124. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920409; Sayre K; Valinsky J; Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Raritan, NJ.; Background: Non-specific p24 reactions in Western blot are not uncommon when confirming HIV-1 or HIV-1/2 ELISA repeat reactive samples from low risk populations. Confirmatory data (positive, negative or indeterminate results) reflect both HIV-1/2 antibody prevalence in the tested population as well as false positive r
Birth outcomes following zidovudine exposure in pregnancy: the antiretroviral pregnancy registry.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:124. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920410; White A; Eldridge R; Andrews E; Elkins M; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC.; Introduction: The recent release of zidovudine for the prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV will result in increased numbers of fetal exposures. Any potential risk of adverse events associated with the use of antiretrovirals during pregnancy must be assessed. Data through June 1994 are reported from the A
Effect of antiretroviral discontinuation (AD) and reintroduction on markers of HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:124. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920411; Haubrich RH; Hirsch M; Flexner C; Lederman M; Ginsberg R; Richman DD; University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA.; OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of AD and reintroduction on HIV viral burden and CD4 counts in patients on long-term nucleoside therapy. METHODS: As part of a randomized trial of the tat antagonist (Ro 24-7429), patients discontinued nucleoside therapy for 28 days prior to beginning study therapy. P24 and CD4 was det
Lack of association between acyclovir use and survival in patients with advanced HIV disease treated with zidovudine.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:125. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920412; Gallant JE; Moore RD; Richman DD; Keruly J; Chaisson RE; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; Objective: To evaluate the impact on survival of combined acyclovir (ACV) and zidovudine (ZDV) in patients with advanced HIV infection. Methods: Multicenter observational cohort study of 1044 persons with AIDS or ARC and CD4 count less than or equal to 250/mm3 first treated with
Prospective comparative study of acyclovir (ACV) and zidovudine (ZDV) versus ZDV alone in patients with AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:125. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920413; Collier AC; Schoenfeld DA; Bourland D; Hirsch M; Davis LG; Corey L; University of Washington, Seattle, WA.; To determine the effect on survival of combination therapy with ACV and ZDV versus ZDV alone, a prospective multicenter, double-blind, randomized study (ACTG 063) was performed in 334 patients with AIDS, who had received less than 1 year of previous ZDV (47% had nor pr
A comparative study of a combination of zidovudine, didanosine and double-blinded nevirapine versus a combination of zidovudine and didanosine.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:125. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920414; D'Aquila R; Hughes M; Liou SH; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.; Objective: To compare the anti-HIV-1 activity, safety, and toxicity of a combination of nevirapine (NVP), zidovudine (ZDV), and didanosine (DDI) to a combination of ZDV and DDI. Methods: 398 HIV-1-infected subjects with entry CD4+ cell counts less tha
Prevalence and clinical impact of seroconversion with AZT- resistant (AZT R) HIV-1 between 1988 and 1994.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:125. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920415; Mayers DL; Yerly S; Perrin L; Imrie A; Cooper DA; Karney WW; Brown AE; Rakik A; Harris R; Gambel J; et al; Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retroviral Research and; SRA Technologies, Rockville, MD.; Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical impact of seroconversion with AZT R versus AZT-sensitive HIV in 3 pt cohorts. Methods: Serum was obtained from 58 Swiss pts, 14 Australian pts and 111 U.S. pts with either acute retroviral syndromes
Should we embrace new drugs with open arms?: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:125. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920416; Montaner JSG; Srour L; Hogg RS; Zala C; O'Shaughnessy MV; Schechter MT; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and the; Canadian Trials Network, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Objective: To assess the impact of an open arm in a randomized study of ZDV/ddI vs ZDV/ ddC . Method: HIV+ patients were eligible if they were ddI and ddC naive and had CD4 counts of 50 to 350/mm3. Eligible patients could select between ZDV+ddI, ZDV+ddC
Novel HIV-1-based retroviral constructs for antiviral gene therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:125. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920417; Abdullah NA; Pomerantz RJ; Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Thomas Jefferson University,; Philadelphia, PA.; Due to its route of infection, long incubation time, integration into the genome and replication mode, HIV-1 represents a unique challenge in the search for a functional vaccine. To this end we and others are engaged in the construction of various retroviral vectors as therapeutic vaccines which can effectively neutra
Alternate use of tRNA primers for initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription in vivo.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:126. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920418; Morrow CD; Wakefield JK; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; One of the unique features of HIV-1 reverse transcription is the initiation from a cellular tRNA Lys,3 molecule bound at a specific sequence in the viral RNA genome designated the primer binding site (PBS). The PBS, which is located near 5 -end of the RNA genome, consists of 18 nucleotides that are complementary to th
Characterization of HIV-1 matrix function: identification of a specific interaction between matrix and g41.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:126. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920419; Freed EO; Martin MA; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; To characterize the role of the HIV-1 matrix (MA) in the virus life cycle, we used site-directed mutagenesis to introduce over fifty single amino acid changes throughout the HIV-1 MA. Following the introduction of these changes into the full-length HIV-1 molecular clone pNL4-3, we examined the effects of the MA mutati
NC proteins with CCCC or CCHH type Zn++-fingers function in RNA packaging but produce replication defective virus particles.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:126. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920420; Gorelick RJ; Chabot DJ; Ott DE; Rein A; Henderson LE; Arthur LO; PRI/Dyn Corporation and ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-; Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD.; All retroviral Gag Zn++-fingers utilize three CYS and one HIS (CCHC) to bind the metal ion. We have introduced single amino acid substitutions, exchanging CYS and HIS in the MuLV Zn++-finger to create to mutants with CCCC (steroid hormone receptor) type and CCHH (transcription factor) type Zn++- fingers. Since both CC
RNA dependent cleavage of gag p15 by the HIV-1 protease: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:126. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920421; Sheng N; Erickson-Viitanen S; Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Wilmington, DE.; The HIV-1 gag polyprotein is processed by the virally encoded protease to yield the structural proteins of the virus. One of these structural proteins, gag p15, and its protease cleavage products, p7 and p6, are believed to be responsible for the viral RNA binding which is prerequisite for assembly of infectious virio
Continuous propagation of Rev- and RRE-independent HIV-1 molecular clones in primate cells: potential candidates for attenuated HIV-1 strains.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:126. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920422; Felber BK; Zolotukhin AS; Valentin A; Tabernero C; Pavlakis GN; National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and; Development Center, ABL-Basic Research Program, Frederick, MD.; Molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were constructed that contain either 37 point mutations in the Rev responsive element (RRE) that do not affect the overlapping env reading frame or both a mutated RRE and two mutations that eliminate Rev. The mutations in RRE were shown to remove both neg
Kinetics of HIV-1 envelope protein oligomerization determined using conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:127. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920423; Otteken A; Earl PL; Wolffe E; Broder CC; Doms RW; Moss B; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; The HIV-1 envelope (env) glycoprotein exists in oligomeric form on the surface of infected cells. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that newly synthesized gp160 monomers form noncovalently associated dimers in the endoplasmic reticulum. We are using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) obtained by immuniz
HIV-1 Vpu enhances virus release from acutely infected primary macrophages and lymphocytes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:127. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920424; Schubert U; Willey R; Weih KA; Clouse KA; Theodore T; Strebel K; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; In the past, we and others have analyzed the role of Vpu during virus replication primarily in CD4+ T-cell lines. Consequently, only limited information is available addressing the importance of Vpu in primary human cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocyte- derived macrophages (MDMs). To b
Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious molecular clone of STLV-I from sooty mangabeys [STLV-I(sm)].: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:127. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920425; Fultz PN; Su L; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.; Continuous cell lines were established from peripheral blood lymphocytes from a sooty mangabey naturally infected with SIV and STLV-I. STLV-I was then transmitted to lymphocytes from sooty mangabeys and pig-tailed macaques seronegative for both retro-viruses. Using primers designed from conserved published sequences f
Monoclonal antibody to cell surface glycoprotein defines secondary events in viral entry.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:127. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920426; Allan JS; Whitehead E; Broussard S; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX.; The cascade of events beginning with receptor-binding and culminating with viral fusion is largely unknown but has been theorized to include accessory molecules that function in delineating cell tropism. Simian immunodeficiency viruses from African green monkeys (SIVagm) have proved to be beneficial in illuminating th
A SHIV virus containing the env gene of HIV-1DH12 induces severe depletion of CD4 cells in an inoculated cynomolgus monkey.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:127. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920427; Shibata R; Perdue-Greenfield KA; Martin MA; National Institutes of Allergies and Infectious Diseases,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; HIV-1/SIV chimeric viruses (SHIVs) contain several genes derived from HIV-1 and are able to infect macaque lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. We and others have previously shown that SHIVs can establish persistent infections in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, although none of the infected animals exhibited signs of immu
Superchallenge of HIV-1 infected chimpanzees with a heterologous strain of HIV-1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:128. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920428; Shibata R; Broscius C; Matthews T; Frost P; Israel Z; Arthur LO; Martin MA; National Institutes of Allergies and Infectious Diseases,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; Two HIV-1IIIB-infected chimpanzees were successively challenged with escalating doses of HIV-1DH12, a highly cytopathic chimp/human cell tropic isolate. Although neither animal had detectable neutralizing antibody against HIV- 1DH12 prior to superchallenge (both could neutralize HIV- 1IIIB), the two chimps were protec
Superinfection of M. nemestrina previously infected with an attenuated HIV-2 molecular clone.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:128. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920429; Ellenberger DL; Otten RA; Fridlund CA; Brown BG; Schochetman G; Rayfield MA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; We previously reported the modeling of progressive CD4+ cell depletion, the hallmark of productive HIV infection in humans, in HIV-2-infected Macaca nemestrina. We also described infectious molecular clones of HIV-2 to use within this established animal modeling system, elucidating further the molecular determinants o
Protection of HIV-2-infected pigtail macaques from viral challenge with a distinct HIV-2 isolate.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:128. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920430; Otten RA; Ellenberger DL; Jackson E; Brown BG; Schochetman G; Rayfield MA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; We have previously described two phenotypically and genotypically distinct variants of HIV-2, a high syncytia- forming isolate from Guinea Bissau (HIV-2GB122) and a highly cytolytic isolate from Cote d Ivoire (HIV-2CDC618). Both are able to
Pathogenicity of HIV-1 non-structural genes in vivo.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:128. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920431; Aldrovandi GM; Jamieson BD; Gao L; Bristol G; Zack JA; University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los; Angeles, CA.; We have recently developed the SCID-hu mouse as an in vivo model in which to study HIV-I induced pathology (Aldrovandi, et al, Nature, 363, 732-736, 1993). This animal model is constructed by surgical implantation of human fetal thymus and liver into mice which genetically lack a functional immune system. These thymus
T cell receptor V beta repertoires in HIV-1 infected SCID-hu mice.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:128. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920432; Boldt-Houle DM; Jamieson BD; Aldrovandi GM; Rinaldo CR; Ehrlich GD; Zack JA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.; Late stage HIV-1 disease in humans has been associated with negative perturbations of the T cell receptor (TCR) V beta repertoire. It is not known if the observed loss of certain V beta families is attributable directly to HIV-1 infection or whether this is a consequence of multiple opportunistic infections. This HIV-
The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in pediatric AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:128. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920433; Soudeyns H; Silvestri G; Samson J; Lapointe N; Sekaly RP; Laboratory of Immunology, IRCM; and Hospital Sainte-Justine,; Montreal, Canada.; Slow and fast progressor phenotypes described for adult AIDS also exist in pediatric AIDS. Rate of disease progression may be linked to host factors, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the TCR repertoire. It was reported that transient, high level oligoclonal V beta- specific expansions of T cells
CD34+ marrow microvascular endothelial cells are consistently infected by HIV-1 in AIDS patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:129. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920434; Williams S; Moses AV; Strussenberg J; Bagby GC; Nelson JA; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR.; Bone marrow insufficiency is common in patients with AIDS and is reflected by impaired in vitro hematopoiesis, but the pathogenic role of HIV-1 is unclear. While CD34+ bone marrow cells can be infected ex vivo by HIV-1, the majority of hematopoietic progenitor cells are uninfected. Since CD34 is expressed by certain b
Major oligoclonal expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes during the primary immune response to HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:129. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920435; Pantaleo G; Demarest JF; Soudeyns H; Graziosi C; Saag MS; Shaw GM; Schnittman SS; Tambussi G; Corey L; Sekaly RP; et al; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; In the present study, we have characterized the T-cell- mediated primary immune response to HIV by analyzing the T- cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in 14 HIV-infected individuals with primary HIV infection. We have found three major patterns of oligoclonal expansions in a restricted set of variable-domain beta-chain (V
Analysis of cytokine expression during primary HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:129. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920436; Graziosi C; Gantt K; Demarest JF; Saag MS; Shaw GM; Pantaleo G; Fauci AS; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; We have analyzed constitutive expression of a panel of cytokines in sequential peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples of five patients during primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by using a semi- quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Constitutive expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) enhances natural killer cell activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected infants and children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:129. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920437; McFarland EJ; Harding PA; Schooley RT; Kuritzkes DR; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO.; HIV infected individuals have deficient natural killer (NK) activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). IL-12 is a cytokine with ability to stimulate NK activity in PBMC from uninfected and HIV-infected adults but its effects on PBMC from infants and children have not been studied. We tested the ability of
The effect of rhIL-12 on the in vitro antigen-specific lymphoproliferative responses in HIV-infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:129. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920438; Uherova P; Schlichtemeier R; Connick E; Kuritzkes DR; Schooley RT; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO.; Progression of HIV infection to AIDS is associated with the loss of lymphocyte responsiveness in vitro to specific recall antigens. We have studied the ability of rhIL-12 to restore in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to recall antigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 13 HIV-infected individu
Differential regulation of IL-10 and role of IL-12 during HIV-infection of T helper cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:130. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920439; Chehimi J; Frank I; Ma X; Trinchieri G; Starr SE; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.; Recent reports indicate that cytokines play a crucial role in regulating (negatively or positively) HIV-immune responses. In fact, it has been suggested that a Th1 to Th2 cytokine switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection. In this study, we focussed on the production of IL-10, a cytokine displaying se
Kinetics of appearance of neutralizing antibodies in 11 patients with HIV-1 primary infection and the relationship with plasmatic and cellular viral load.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:130. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920440; Pellegrin I; Neau D; Legrand E; Bonot P; Bernard N; Pellegrin JL; Ragnaud JM; Fleury HJ; Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.; Objective: HIV primary infection is characterized by a short high titer viraemia, which rapidly declines whereas the immune response emerges. We have evaluated the role of host humoral immune response in the decline of viral replication. Methods: 11 patients were included in the study and sequential blood samples were
Hotspots for amino acid changes distant from the V3 loop that confer escape for neutralization by a V3-specific neutralizing antibody.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:130. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920441; Sirko DA; Mellors JW; Ehrlich GD; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.; It has been previously demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro, that under the selective pressure of V3-specific antibodies HIV-1 neutralization escape mutants can be isolated. Two types of breakthrough isolates have been described: those with mutations in the V3 loop itself; and those where the amino acid changes occ
Oligomeric HIV-1 envelope elicits a spectrum of conformation-dependent, cross-reactive antibodies.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:130. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920442; Earl PL; Broder CC; Abedon S; Doms RW; Moss B; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; The native HIV-1 envelope (env) protein exists as oligomeric complexes of gp120/gp41 molecules. We expressed a soluble, oligomeric form of env and used it to prepare a panel of 138 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The panel was distinguished by the relatively high number of MAbs directed to conformational epitopes and to
Reduction of blood contacts (BCs) and percutaneous injuries (PIs) during gynecologic surgical procedures (GSPs).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:130. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920443; Robert L; Short L; Chamberland M; McKibben P; Srivastava P; Culver D; Bell D; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Background: BCs, especially PIs during GSP, may lead to transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Data on the efficacy of interventions to prevent such contacts are limited. We initiated a two-phase observational study in three New York City hospitals to assess the frequency of BCs in GSPs (phase I) and the efficacy of se
Efficacy and compliance with use of safety devices (SDs) to reduce percutaneous injuries during phlebotomy (PIPs).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:131. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920444; Short L; Chamberland M; Srivastava P; Henry K; Gerberding J; Campbell S; Fahrner R; Collins A; McKibben P; Culver D; et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Background: Safety devices to reduce PIPs are available, but few data exist regarding efficacy and user activation of safety features. In Jan 1993 we initiated a study to determine the effect of SDs on PIPs. Methods: During phase I five hospitals performed baseline surveillance of PIPs and surveyed phlebotomists, nurs
Impact of organizational interventions on needlestick rates at an acute care hospital.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:131. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920445; Grimes M; Flanagan W; Gershon R; Holy Cross Hospital, Silver Spring, MD.; Needlestick injuries remain an important source of bloodborne exposure among health care workers. A needlestick prevention task force was formed to develop recommendations designed to help minimize the risk of needlesticks (N.S.) at an acute care, municipal hospital. A decision was made to approach the problem from a
Bleach sterilization of needle/syringes vs. secondary risks for HIV-1 infection of IDUs.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:131. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920446; Shapshak P; McCoy CB; Shah SM; Weatherby NL; Rivers JE; Chitwood DD; Page JB; Xin KQ; Stewart RV; Fernandez B; et al; University of Miami Medical School, Miami, FL.; BACKGROUND. Individuals who inject street drugs are at increased risk to acquire HIV-1 infection due to sharing their needle/syringes. Demonstration of bleach sterilization and limited needle exchange programs exist; however, there is still the danger of secondary infection due to additional behaviors of the IDUs: dra
Antiviral agents reduce viral load and delay the detection of infected cells in vivo in the HIV-infected Hu-PBMC SCID mouse model.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:131. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920447; Black PL; Broud DD; Wood OL; Ussery MA; Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.; In an effort to validate a murine model of HIV infection, we have studied the HuPBMC-SCID mouse model, which involves the I.P. injection of 5-10X10(7) adult human PBMC into 5-7 wk old female SCID mice. Two weeks after reconstitution, mice were infected I.P. with 10(3) TCID50 HIV-1 9320 (AZT- sensitive isolate A018, D.
Inhibition of HIV infection in rabbits pre-treated with AZT.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:131. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920448; Debiaggi M; Bruno R; Carlevari M; Achilli G; Romero E; Filice G; Institute of Microbiology, Division of Infectious and Tropical; Diseases, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; In vitro studies showed that AZT pre-treatment is able to prevent HIV infection of H9 cell line. In this study HIV-1 experimentally infected rabbits were treated with AZT at the dose of 15-30 mg/kg/day, by continuous osmotic pump, starting 24 hours be
Broad genetic diversity of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) in feral and pet sooty mangabeys (SM) in West Africa.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:132. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920449; Chen Z; Telfer P; Reed P; Zhang L; Gettie A; Ho D; Marx P; New York University Medical Center, New York, NY.; SIVsm is closely related to HIV-2 but is of limited genetic diversity and is found only in captive SMs. Therefore, questions have arisen regarding SIVsm as the origin of HIV- 2. Addressing this question in West Africa, we cryopreserved lymphocytes from feral SMs, 91 household pet SMs and persons exposed to mangabeys.
Replication of SHIV LTR in monkey PBMCs.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:132. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920450; Ali ST; Bryan T; Galvin TA; Khan AS; Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration,; Bethesda, MD.; A recombinant SHIV DNA was constructed by substituting the nef-LTR of HIV-1 pNL4-3 DNA with the corresponding region of SIVmac239 DNA. The recombinant SHIV LTR virus derived from transfection of AA-2 cells was analyzed for replication in human PBLs and various monkey PBMCs. The virus replicated in hPBLs and in only on
Genetic analysis of simian and human foamy viruses.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:132. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920451; Isaacson SH; Goldberg S; Pomeroy K; Asher DM; Gibbs CJ; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; We sought to determine the nucleic acid sequence heterogeneity between SFV-1, SFV-3, SFV-6, SFV-7, and HFV. Foamy viruses were grown in culture and viral RNA was extracted for PCR amplification. Primers were selected to conserved nucleic acid sequences of SFV-1, SFV-3, and HFV. PCR amplification of SFV-1 confirmed the
Production of infectious virus by rabbit cells transfected with cloned HIV-1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:132. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920452; Hague BF; Zhao TM; Cho SG; Kindt TJ; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases,; Rockville, MD.; Rabbit cell lines infected with HIV-1, do not produce virus at levels comparable to similarly infected human cells. One factor in this difference is inefficient binding of HIV-1 to rabbit CD4. Other steps in the infection process are implicated in this deficiency by the fact that rabbit cells transfected with HuCD4 do
HIV-1 mediates apoptosis in lymphocytes from human CD4 transgenic but not normal rabbits.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:132. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920453; Leno M; Hague B; Teller R; Kindt TJ; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases,; Rockville, MD.; A hallmark of HIV-1 infection is depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Mechanisms by which HIV-1 kills T lymphocytes are not clearly established, although proposed explanations include interactions between the viral envelope protein gp120 and the CD4 molecule. A recently developed human CD4 (hCD4) transgenic rabbit provide
Pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium complex in SIV-infected macaques: a model of MAC in AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:132. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920454; Mansfield K; Pauley D; Lackner A; Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research; Center (NERPRC), Southborough, MA.; Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in SIV-infected macaques is a frequent opportunistic infection sharing many features with the condition in human AIDS patients. A retrospective analysis of macaques necropsied with simian AIDS at the NERPRC revealed that 17% (23/135) had developed mycobacteriosis. MAC in these animals
Antiquity of SIV infection in African green monkeys.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:133. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920455; Soares MA; Jin MJ; Yue L; Smit TK; Schoub BD; Allan JS; Shaw GM; Sharp PM; Hahn BH; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; Among primates known to be naturally infected with SIV, African green monkeys are the most numerous, the most geographically dispersed, and the most commonly infected in the wild. There are four major types of African green monkeys which have been given species status, and these are commonly named vervet, grivet, saba
Pathogenesis of SI and NSI HIV-1 patient isolates, molecular clones and chimeras in SCID-hu mice.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:133. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920456; Camerini D; Jamieson BD; Zack JA; Chen IS; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.; We have used the severe combined immunodeficient mouse, implanted with human fetal thymus and liver (SCID-hu mouse), to characterize the pathogenesis of syncytium-inducing (SI) and non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) isolates of HIV-1. Sequential NSI and SI HIV-1 patient isolates and molecular clones of HIV-1 were assayed by
Evaluation of murine leukemia virus infection (MAIDS) as an animal model for HIV-related thrombocytopenia, and therapy with thrombopoietin.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:133. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920457; Sullivan PS; McDonald TP; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee,; Knoxville, TN.; Infection of mice with the murine leukemia virus (LP-BM5) was evaluated as a model for HIV-related thrombocytopenia (HRT). Sensitive indices of platelet production in mice (%35S incorporation into platelets, platelet size, platelet count, and megakaryocyte size and number) and platelet immunoglobulins (PAIgG) were eva
Molecular and biologic comparison of HIV-1 isolated from chimpanzees infected mucosally vs. intravenously.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:133. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920458; Fultz PN; Jiang S; Wei Q; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.; It has been suggested that transmission of HIV-1 across mucosal surfaces occurs preferentially by macrophage tropic isolates. To test this possibility, we characterized HIV- 1LAI(IIIB) recovered early after infection of chimpanzees with the same virus inoculum by intravenous or mucosal routes. Proviral DNA was isolate
Inhibition of HIV infection in the SCID-hu mouse by a G- quartet forming oligonucleotide.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:133. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920459; Rabin L; Hincenbergs M; Moreno MB; Wyatt JR; Ecker DJ; McCune JM; Systemix Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA.; A small animal model for HIV infection of human tissues, the SCID-hu mouse, has been constructed by transplantation of interactive human hematolymphoid organs into the immunodeficient C. B-17 scid/scid stock. The kinetics of infection including DNA PCR of infected thymocytes, p24 ELISA, viral isolation, and FACS analy
HIV-1 infection status and in vitro susceptibility to HIV infection among high risk HIV-1 seronegative hemophiliacs.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:134. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920460; Lederman MM; Jackson JB; Kroner B; Goedert JJ; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland,; OH.; Hemophiliacs treated with clotting factor concentrates between 1978 and 1985 were at high risk for HIV-1 infection. We studied 16 hemophiliacs who had remained HIV-1 seronegative despite treatment with potentially contaminated clotting factor concentrates during this period. Co- cultivation and PCR assays failed to re
Resistance to infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:134. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920461; Detels R; Mann D; Carrington M; Hennessey K; Wu Z; Visscher B; Giorgi J; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.; HLA and TAP gene frequencies were compared between 23 persistently HIV-1 seronegative men from whom HIV-1 was isolated at least once and 137 HIV-1 seroconverters. The prevalence of HLA-A26 (P less than .002), HLA-B38 (P less than .008), TAP 1.4 (P less than .006), and combination of TAP 1.4/2.3 (P less than .002) were
Class I MHC rareness is associated with decreased risk of HIV-1 acquisition in Kenyan men.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:134. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920462; MacDonald KS; Nasio J; Oyugi J; Bwayo J; Nagelkerke NJ; Plummer FA; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.; Objective: To determine if HIV-1 acquisition in men is associated with determinants of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Method: Men presenting at an STD clinic with genital ulcers were evaluated with respect to HIV status, other STD s and sexual behavior. HIV seronegative patients were MHC typed and followe
Cell-to-cell transmission of HIV rapidly induces apoptosis in cell lines and human and chimpanzee lymphocytes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:134. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920463; Maldarelli F; Sato H; Orenstein J; Berthold E; Martin MA; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; The mechanisms of cell death were investigated in a cell-to- cell model of HIV-1 transmission using chronically infected H9 (H9IIIB) as donor cells cocultivated with uninfected lymphocytic cell lines or with human or chimpanzee peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) as recipient cells. DNA fragmentation characteristic of
HIV-1 Tat and its inhibitor Ro 24-7429 induce apoptosis and inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1 seronegative subjects.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:135. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920464; Patki AH; Lederman MM; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland,; OH.; The HIV-1 transcriptional activating protein Tat must interact with host elements to activate HIV expression. Earlier studies have shown that Tat inhibits lymphocyte proliferation in-vitro. To better characterize this phenomenon we examined the effects of Tat and its benzodiazepine inhibitor Ro 24-7429 on lymphocyte p
HIV-induced apoptosis mediated by the lipid pathway.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:135. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920465; Miralles GD; Yayadev S; Zhou JT; Hannun YA; Montefiori D; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.; HIV infection is characterized by a progressive decrease of CD4+ T-cells leading to severe immunodeficiency. However, the intrinsic mechanisms leading to CD4+ T-cell destruction remain unknown. One of the proposed mechanisms is inappropriate induction of cell death by apoptosis. The apoptotic process in any cell type
Flow cytometric analysis of signaling molecules in T cell subsets from asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:135. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920466; Talle MA; Abriola L; Goldstein G; Immunobiology Research Institute, Annandale, NJ.; In asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects, circulating T cells give a poor proliferative response to signals through the TcR and show excess entry into programmed cell death (apoptosis). There are subset changes in these subjects, so that it is difficult to interpret western blot analyses of changes in signalling proteins
Bcl-2 expression results in an enhanced susceptibility in T cells to HIV infection and syncytia formation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:135. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920467; Sandstrom PA; Pardi D; Folks TM; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Bcl-2 is a 25 kDa integral membrane protein that has been reported to inhibit programmed cell death, possibly through the suppression of oxidative stress in the form of lipid peroxidation. Bcl-2 expression is developmentally regulated within cells of the T lymphocyte linage. As both oxidative stress and apoptosis appe
Modulation of bcl-2 expression in HIV-infected U937 cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:135. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920468; Mathew P; Badley A; McElhinny J; Leibson P; Paya CV; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.; The major reservoir for persistent viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is the monocyte-macrophage system. The promonocytic U937 cell line provides a model for the understanding of viral persistence. U937 cells infected with HIV undergo apoptotic cell death, but surviving popula
Primary HIV-1 infection in pregnancy associated with transmission of SI phenotype and rapid loss of CD4 cells in mother and infant.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:136. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920469; vonSeidlein L; Stiehm ER; Garratty E; Krogstad P; Dickover R; Bryson YJ; University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los; Angeles, CA.; Primary HIV infection during pregnancy, a period of high viral load in the absence of neutralizing antibody has been associated with a high risk of materno fetal transmission. We report a 15 yr old mother infected with an SI isolate in early gestation (ges) who transmitted an SI isolate to her infant despite ZDV thera
Correlation of genetic heterogeneity, antigenicity and biological characteristics of HIV-1 in maternal-fetal transmission.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:136. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920470; Ayyavoo V; Ugen KE; Fernandes LS; Goedert JJ; Rubinstein A; Williams WV; Weiner DB; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.; In order to obtain insight into the factors involved in vertical transmission, we compared the sequence diversity, seroreactivity and biological characteristics of HIV-1 derived from a transmitter and non-transmitter mother. Forty-two clones of the envelope gene form the transmitter and 20 from the non-transmitter, sp
Presence of HIV-1 in placentas of HIV-1 seropositive mothers by in situ PCR.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:136. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920471; Bagasra O; Bobroski L; Saikumari P; Pestaner JP; Seshamma T; Pomerantz RJ; Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Thomas Jefferson University,; Philadelphia, PA.; Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 occurs in 15-40% of children born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers. But, little is known about the mode of transmission and risk factors associated with intrauterine transmission. Identifying the roles played by the placenta in modifying HIV-1 transmission may lead to the development
QC-PCR quantitation of HIV plasma RNA level during pregnancy: relationship to mother-to-child transmission and antiviral therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:136. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920472; Fang G; Burger H; Tropper P; Nachman S; Viscosi KH; Moore R; Grimson R; Baxter GR; Sporysz N; Reyelt C; et al; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany,; NY.; To develop strategies to prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission, it is important to identify its determinants. We have shown previously that maternal HIV-1 titer quantitated by PBMC culture is a major determinant of mother-to-child transmission. Because HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma can be reduced by antiviral therap
HIV-1 infection of peripheral blood monocytes in neonates.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920473; Aleixo LF; Goodenow MM; Sleasman JW; University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.; CD14+ monocytes express CD4 and are a potential target for HIV-1 infection in vivo. These cells may become infected in the acute phase of disease and serve as a virus reservoir. We studied 10 HIV-1 infected mothers, 12 infants and children, and 3 neonates (less than 1 month old) infected by vertical transmission. In t
The molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 neuropathogenesis.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:137. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920474; Gendelman HE; Nottet HS; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.; The molecular neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection revolves around viral replication in brain macrophages, microglia, and multinucleated giant cells. Over the past decade we began to unravel this unique virus-brain cell interaction and develop laboratory assay systems to identify macrophage secretory products (cellula
HIV-1 mediated cytotoxicity in brain macrophages.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:137. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920475; Gabuzda D; Wang S; Shi B; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.; Microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the brain, are the major target cell for HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system. The infection of brain microglia by HIV-1 is important for AIDS pathogenesis, since microglia serve important immune functions including antigen presentation and the production of imm
HIV-1 Tat neurotoxicity is mediated by a conformationally dependent distinct region that acts on non-NMDA receptors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:137. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920476; Psooy K; Martin C; Knudsen B; Ma M; Magnuson D; Nath A; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.; Background. Tat is released from HIV-1 infected cells and may cause neurotoxicity. Objectives. To determine i) if Tat is neurotoxic; ii) the epitope on Tat responsible for toxicity; iii) the mechanism of neurotoxicity. Methods. Human fetal neurons and rat hippocampal slices were treated with Tat, or various peptides o
Persistently HIV-infected astrocytoma cells: a model for cell-determined suppression of HIV expression.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:137. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920477; Ludvigsen A; Neumann M; Kleinschmidt A; Werner T; Erfle V; Felber B; Pavlakis GN; Brack-Werner R; GSF-Institute of Molecular Virology, Germany.; Astrocytes are potential target cells for HIV in the brain. To study HIV-expression in astrocytes we established stably HIV-1 infected astrocytoma cell clones which produce only very low levels of virus. Representative TH4-7-5 glial cells contain a single intact provirus, which can be recovered by coculture with nongl
Human glial cells infected by HIV-1 can suppress viral expression by interfering with Rev-regulated transactivation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:137. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920478; Neumann M; Brack-Werner R; Erfle V; Felber BK; Pavlakis GN; National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and; Development Center, ABL Basic Research Program, Frederick, MD.; Persistently HIV-1 infected TH4-7-5 astrocytoma cells produce low levels of HIV-1 structural proteins (see abstract Ludvigen et al). We investigated whether this low- producer phenotype is indicative of inhibited Rev-dependent post-transcriptional regulation. HIV-1 transcript profiles of TH4-7-5 cells consisted predom
Characteristics of HIV infection of U251 astroglioma cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:138. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920479; Kort JJ; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.; Evidence is accumulating that (i) astrocytes can be infected with HIV and (ii), functions of astrocytes can be modulated by HIV proteins. These findings suggest that activation of astrocytes and impairment of specific astrocyte functions may be one factor contributing to dysfunction and loss of neurons in AIDS patient
Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid retinol in patients with HIV-1 infection and neurologic disease.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:138. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920480; Royal W; Semba RD; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; Background: Serum vitamin A levels may be decreased in HIV-1 seropositive individuals with AIDS and associated with low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, a higher risk of opportunistic infections and increased mortality. Methods: Retinol was measured in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using reverse phase HPLC. Measu
Correlates of CNS disease progression in children vertically-infected with HIV.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:138. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920481; Burchett S; Mohan K; Melvin A; Coombs R; Sulzbacher S; Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.; Objective: The pathogenesis of the CNS abnormality in HIV infection is poorly understood. We hypothesized that viable HIV in the CSF of children would be predictive of subsequent neurologic or neurodevelopmental (ND) regression. Methods: 14 vertically-infected children (ages 1-51 mos) were assessed, and ZDV therapy wa
A pol gene mutation at codon 215 or 74 is frequently associated with the development of HIV-encephalopathy in AIDS patients treated with AZT and/or ddI.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:138. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920482; Stewart SK; Sei S; Pizzo PA; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; We evaluated the amount of HIV-1 proviral DNA, and viral pol gene mutations indicative for AZT or ddI resistance in brain tissues obtained from 20 patients who died of AIDS with or without CNS complications. Each patient s CNS condition was defined as
Multidrug-resistant or partially replication incompetent HIV resulting from combination antiviral therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:138. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920483; Iversen AK; Wehrly K; Shafer RW; Winters MA; Chesebro B; Merigan TC; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.; Objective & Methods: Previously, we described 2 patients (pts) on combination therapy with AZT & ddI for 1 yr who developed multidrug resistant HIV strains with RT mutations at (codon) 62, 75, 77, 116,
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of HIV isolates during stavudine (D4T) therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920484; Shepp D; Ashraf A; Millan C; Pergolizzi R; North Shore University Hospital--Cornell University Medical; College, Manhasset, NY.; Sensitivity to D4T and mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene were studied in HIV from 5 patients with advanced HIV disease treated with D4T. HIV was isolated from plasma in normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Sensitivity was determined in a PBMC culture assay. RT gene was amplified from
A genotypic study of zidovudine and didanosine resistance in proviral DNA from patients with HIV-1 primary infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920485; Masquelier B; Pellegrin I; Neau D; Legrand E; Paty MC; Pellegrin JL; Ragnaud JM; Fleury HJ; Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.; Objective: To detect the mutations of resistance to zidovudine (ZDV) and didanosine (ddI) in proviral DNA from patients undergoing an HIV-1 primary infection. Methods: PBMCs were recovered from 21 patients showing a typical pattern of HIV-1 primary infection. A selective DNA PCR procedure was used to explore crucial c
Significance of mutations Lys70Arg and Lys65 Glu observed following zidovudine (AZT) and 2',3'dideoxylnosine (ddI) therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920486; Sharma PL; Chatis PA; Dogon AL; Crumpacker CS; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.; Objectives: To define the mutations and related drug susceptibility, observed in clinical viral isolates exhibiting resistance to AZT and ddI. Methods: A 4.3 kb Sph1-Sal1 fragment of plasmid pNL4-3 carrying the entire RT gene was cloned into the polyc
Development of resistance to lamivudine (3TC) in NUCA 3001, a phase II comparative trial of 3TC vs zidovudine (ZDV) vs 3TC plus ZDV.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920487; Kuritzkes DR; Bell S; Shugarts D; Griffin A; Quinn J; Digangi MA; Benoit S; Rubin M; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO.; The emergence of high-level resistance to the nucleoside analogue 3TC was examined in patients enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparison trial of 3TC (600 mg daily) alone vs zidovudine (600 mg daily) alone vs zidovudine (600 mg d
High level resistance to AZT in association with a leucine to tryptophan change at amino acid 210 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920488; Hooker D; Tachedjian G; Solomon A; Gurusinghe A; Land S; Birch C; Roy B; Tantillo C; Arnold E; Deacon N; AIDS Molecular Biology Laboratory and Antivirals Laboratory,; MacFarlane Burnet Center for Medical Research, Fairfield,; Victoria, Australia.; Nucleoside analogue drugs ( AZT , ddI ddC ) used in the treatment of AIDS target the activity of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Long term treatment with these drugs leads to the a
AZT resistant (AZT-R) HIV-1 isolates obtained during DDI monotherapy from a patient with no history of AZT use.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:139. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920489; Demeter L; Nawaz T; Morse G; Dolin R; Reichman R; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.; HIV-1 isolates (iso) from a patient (pt) enrolled in ACTG 064 who received ddI monotherapy for greater than 4 years (y) were analyzed for reverse transcriptase mutations (mutns) by direct sequencing of PCR amplified products of the pol region of proviral DNA from 1st or 2nd passage PBMC cultures. Precautions were take
HIV-1 plasma RNA viral burden and genotypic zidovudine resistance in longitudinal samples from patients experiencing long-term ZDV therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:140. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920490; Eastman PS; Boyer E; Cotte L; Kolberg J; Trabaud MA; Urdea M; Trepo C; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA.; Objective: Evaluation of the temporal relationship between HIV-1 plasma viral RNA levels and development of genotypic Zidovudine (ZDV) resistance in the reverse transcriptase gene (RT) with regard to progression to AIDS in a small cohort of patients. Methods: Longitudinal samples from 10 patients, randomized to either
Characterization of HIV-1 with drug resistance to multiple dideoxynucleotides.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:140. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920491; Ueno T; Shirasaka T; Mitsuya H; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; A set of novel mutations (Ala62 leads to Val, Val75 leads to Ile, Phe77 leads to Leu, Phe116 leads to Tyr, and Gln151 leads to Met) in the polymerase domain of reverse transcriptase (RT) of HIV-1, which confers on the virus a reduced sensitivity to multiple antiretroviral dideoxynucleosides, has been seen in HIV-1 var
Sanctuary growth of human immunodeficiency virus in the presence of AZT.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:140. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920492; Medina DJ; Tung PP; Lerner-Tung MB; Nelson CJ; Mellors JW; Strair RK; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical; School, Piscataway, NJ.; The current hypothesis for the failure of antiretroviral agents to completely inhibit HIV is the emergence of drug- resistant virus. This theory may explain the failure of the non-nucleoside RT inhibitors, which results in the rapid selection of drug-resistant virus both in vitro and in vivo. It does not, however, exp
The timing and development of codon 215 mutations in plasma, CD4, and CD14 cells from HIV-infected patients on zidovudine.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:140. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920493; Bernstein WB; St Louis DC; Profetto S; Weislow O; Chung RC; Wagner KF; Mayers DL; Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retroviral Research,; Rockville, MD.; OBJECTIVE: To compare the development of the reverse transcriptase (RT) codon 215 mutation in HIV-1 derived from plasma, CD4 cells and monocytes (CD14) of patients treated with zidovudine (ZDV). Using patient isolates, determine whether different cell types select for different variants of HIV-1 on the basis of specif
Non-reverse transcriptase factors involved in resistance of feline immunodeficiency virus to AZT.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:140. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920494; Remington KM; Phillips TR; Zhu YQ; North TW; University of Montana, Missoula, MT.; We have previously characterized an AZT-resistant mutant of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), AZR-17c, that was selected in vitro from an infectious molecular clone. This mutant contains a single mutation within the reverse transcriptase (RT) encoding region of the pol gene, at nucleotide 2939, that results in a gl
Exposure of chronically infected PBMCs to DMP323 or DMP450 can completely suppress virus replication of select resistant variants depending upon the dose of compound.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:140. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920495; Otto MJ; Reid CD; King RW; Garber S; Baker DB; Anton E; Winslow DL; DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Glenolden, PA.; We have shown that resistant HIV-1 can be selected by multiple sequential passage of HIV-1 in MT-2 cells exposed to increasing concentrations of DMP323, a cyclic urea HIV-PR inhibitor. The studies reported here were designed to assess the effect of selected concentrations of DMP323 or DMP450 on the replication of HIV-
Protease inhibitor resistant HIV-1 variants containing an altered protease cleavage site.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:141. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920496; Doyon L; Poulin F; Pilote L; Clouette C; Thibeault D; Croteau G; Lamarre D; Bio-Mega/Boehringer Ingelheim Research Incorporated, Canada.; HIV-1 protease inhibitors have been used to select protease inhibitor resistant virus variants in vitro. To date, the resistance phenotype has been associated with one or more amino acid substitutions in the protease. Here we report the in vitro selection of proteas
Sensitivity to protease inhibitors of recombinant HIV's with defined mutations in the protease gene.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:141. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920497; Bacheler L; Gallagher K; Buckery R; Anton E; Scarnati H; Winslow D; DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, DE.; Isogenic recombinant HIV viruses with defined sequence alterations in the viral protease gene were constructed in an HXB2 background. A protease gene cassette was created with class IIS restriction site, and alterations were made by site directed mutagenesis. The protease gene was reinserted into a plasmid containing
Evaluation of in vitro resistance development against the quinoxaline HBY 097 reveals novel patterns of mutations within the HIV-1 gene encoding the reverse transcriptase.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:141. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920498; Kleim JP; Paessens A; Bender R; Kirsch R; Meichsner C; Rosner M; Winkler I; Riess G; Hoechst AG, General Pharma Research, Frankfurt, Germany.; HBY 097 is a quinoxaline NNRTI which is highly active against both in vitro replication of HIV-1 and against the viral reverse transcriptase (RT). Other members of this class of NNRTIs (i.e. S-2720) were previously reported to select for a G190E substitution within the RT upon in vitro selection for drug-resistant vir
NNRTI subgroups defined by mutations in the HIV-1 RT: implications for therapy.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:141. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920499; Buckheit RW; Fliakas-Boltz V; Southern Research Institute--Frederick Research Center,; Frederick, MD.; We have recently reported the identification and analysis of distinct subgroups of NNRTI-resistant virus isolates based on their cross-resistance phenotypes. Further investigation has determined that the subgroups are defined by the presence of distinct mutations in the RT of the resistant virus isolate. Our results i
Failure to generate HIV-1 resistance in vitro to the antisense therapeutic agent GEM 91.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:141. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920500; Papp B; Agrawal S; Byrn RA; New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA.; GEM 91 is an antisense phosphorothioate complementary to the genomic RNA packaging site and gag initiation site of HIV-1. This agent has potent antiviral activity in vitro against a variety of strains of HIV-1 and it is presently in clinical evaluation as a possible therapeutic for HIV infection. In this study we exam
Pluripotent CD34+ stem cells are not susceptible to HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:142. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920501; Kaushal S; Davis T; Gartner S; Kessler S; La Russa V; Hall E; Yu Z; Ritchey DW; Xu J; Perera P; et al; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD.; Bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells are a population of cells capable of both self-renewal and differentiation into a variety of hematopoietic lineages. In culture, CD34+ cells differentiate to myeloid series into monocyte/macrophages and granulocytes. CD34+ cells have been implicated to be infectable by HIV. However, bec
Human bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells as targets for gene therapy against HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:142. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920502; Mosca JD; Kaushal S; Larussa V; Kessler S; Gartner S; Kim J; Perera P; Yu Z; Ritchey D; Xu J; et al; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD.; Bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells are a population of cells which include the pluripotent stem cells. Our overall objectives are: 1) to compare various anti-HIV gene therapeutic strategies; 2) to test different vector delivery systems; and 3) to engraft human CD34+ cells into SCID mice in order to evaluate our gene ther
Adeno-Associated Virus mediated delivery of anti-HIV-1 genes by transduction or transfection: integration and efficiency studies.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:142. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920503; Rivadeneira ED; Thierry AR; Popescu NC; Zimonjic D; Cheng GS; Ross MD; Dipaolo JA; Gallo RC; Klotman ME; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD.; The ability of wild type Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) to integrate site-specifically into chromosome 19 and its wide tissue tropism, make this agent a unique candidate for use in gene therapy of HIV-1 infection. To further investigate the utility of this delivery system, we studied the transduction and integration cha
Efficient gene transfer to primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes, monocyte-macrophages, and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells mediated by adeno-associated virus-based vectors: prospects for the gene therapy of AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:142. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920504; Wong KK; Lu D; Podsakoff G; Brar D; Chatterjee S; City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA.; One promising approach to the potential treatment of AIDS involves the genetic modification of HIV-susceptible target cells rendering them resistant to subsequent infection. Either mature, differentiated targets of HIV-infection (CD4+ T lymphocytes, monocyte-macrophages) or their progenitors (hematopoietic stem cells)
Adoptive transfer of genetically modified cells in identical twins discordant for HIV-1 infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:142. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920505; Walker RE; Carter CS; Muul L; Natarajan V; Herpin BR; Leitman SF; Klein H; Mullen CA; Falloon J; Davey RT; et al; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; Background: As a prelude to gene therapy trials in HIV infection, the survival of genetically modified CD4 and CD8 cells in the peripheral blood must be determined if these cells are to serve as viable targets. We undertook this clinical trial using well-characterized genetic markers to assess safety and longevity of
Gene therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection: combination of anti-HIV-1-Rev sFV and ribozyme of the HIV-1 RRE.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:143. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920506; Duan L; Zhu M; Ozaki I; Pomerantz RJ; Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Jefferson Medical College,; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.; Gene therapeutic strategies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection have received increased attention, due to lack of chemotherapy or vaccines that show long-term efficacy in vivo. As we have previously reported, by cloning and intracellular expression of murine anti-HIV-1 Rev monocl
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in long term marrow cultures expressing anti-HIV-1 genes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:143. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920507; Bahner I; Kearns K; Hao Q; Zhou C; Kohn DB; Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA.; We determined the ability of a number of anti-HIV-1 genes to inhibit replication of HIV-1JR-F1 in transduced Long Term Bone Marrow Cultures derived from CD34+ cord blood cells. Briefly, CD34+ cells were isolated from HIV-1-neg. cord blood cells and transduced with retroviral vectors containing three different anti-HIV
In vitro antiviral activity of GEM 91 against diverse clinical isolates of HIV-1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:143. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920508; Byrn RA; Chhay H; Agrawal S; New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA.; GEM 91 is an antisense phosphorothioate complementary to a conserved region of the HIV-1 genome responsible for viral RNA packaging and gag initiation. This agent has potent antiviral activity in vitro against cell lines infected with different strains of HIV-1. In this report we show GEM 91 inhibits replication of a
Universal base analogs in antisense oligodeoxinucleotides (AS ODNs): a therapeutic strategy against HIV variability.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:143. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920509; Thomson MM; Al-Harthi L; Holland M; Zon G; Gallo RC; Klotman ME; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD.; Sequence-specific activity of AS ODNS against HIV derives from their binding to complementary RNA sequences. Due to HIV-1 variability, non-conserved bases are expected in most sequences targeted by AS ODNs, resulting in potential AS ODN-RNA mismatches (MMs) that might decrease target recognition and binding affinity.
Generation of HIV containing the HTLV-I LTR Tax-responsive elements in place of the LTR enhancer results in selective tropism and cytotoxicity for HTLV-I infected cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:143. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920510; Lin HC; Bodkin M; Lal R; Rabson AB; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; The HIV LTR enhancer/promoter sequences contribute to the replication ability of HIV in different T cell lines; mutation of these sequences can alter HIV tropism. Site- specific mutagenesis has been used to generate variants of HIV that exhibit selective tropism and cytotoxicity for HTLV-I Tax-expressing CD4+ T cells.
The HIV-1 Tat antagonist Ro 24-7429 is highly protein bound and relatively inactive at physiologic serum concentrations.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:144. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920511; Georges DL; Hsu MC; Connell E; Tam S; Lederman MM; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland,; OH.; The benzodiazepine Ro 24-7429, an analog of Ro 5-3335, has been shown to inhibit Tat-dependent transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and HIV-1 propagation in vitro. Despite in vitro activity, a phase II trial of Ro 24-7429 administration to persons with HIV-1 infection failed to show antiv
In vivo stability and pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV antisense oligonucleotide phosphorothioate (GEM 91) in rats and HIV-infected individuals.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:144. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920512; Zhang R; Lu Z; Yan J; Diasio RB; Jiang Z; Temsamani J; Schechter PJ; Agrawal S; University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.; Comparative pharmacokinetics and biostability of an antisense oligodeoxy-nucleotide phosphorothioate (GEM 91) with significant anti-HIV activity in various assay models, were determined in rats and HIV-infected individuals. In rats, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of GEM 91 were determined following i.v. bolu
Concentration-controlled zidovudine therapy: rationale and methods.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:144. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920513; Acosta EP; Henry K; Erice A; Page LM; Balfour HH; Fletcher CV; University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center and St. Paul; Ramsey Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.; The optimal dosing strategy for zidovudine (ZDV) is not known. ZDV has pharmacologic characteristics that include a narrow therapeutic index and severe consequences associated with drug failure or toxicity. Interpatient pharmacokinetic variability is substantial: the range for expected ZDV serum concentrations 1 hour
Zidovudine (ZDV) recovery from phosphorylated anabolites under different experimental conditions using two types of alkaline phosphatase (AP).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:144. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920514; O'Donnell AM; Liu VJ; Cousins SP; Morse GD; State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.; AP is routinely used in the assessment of phosphorylated ZDV concentrations. To verify that complete phosphate bond cleavage occurs, known quantities of triethylammonium ZDV mono (MP), di (DP), and triphosphates (TP) were exposed to two types of AP (1-S and VII-NL). Three variables were evaluated: exposure time (1 vs
Effect of long-term zidovudine (ZDV) administration on intracellular ZDV phosphorylation in HIV positive patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:144. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920515; Peter K; Gambertoglio J; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.; ZDV enters the cell by nonfacilitated diffusion. Once inside the cell, cellular kinases convert ZDV to its mono- (ZDV- MP), di- (ZDV-DP), and finally to the active triphosphate (ZDV-TP). Formation of intracellular (IC) ZDV-TP may be decreased following long-term ZDV therapy (Tx). The functional activity of phosphoryla
Modulation of the phosphorylation of 3'-azidothymidine by the human thymidine kinase by 5'-aminothymidine and thymidine triphosphate.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:145. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920516; Vazquez-Padua MA; Gonzalez MT; Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamon,; Puerto Rico.; Thymidine (dThd) kinase is responsible for the initial phosphorylation and, thus, the activation of several anticancer and antiviral drugs, including 3 -azidothymidine ( AZT , Zidovudine). It is regulated by a feedback inhibitory mechanism which involve
The effect of rifabutin (R) on zidovudine (Z) pharmacokinetics in HIV+ patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:145. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920517; Gallicano K; Sahai J; Swick L; Pakuts A; Cameron W; Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Objective: Preliminary data suggest that R, an enzyme inducer, decreases Z levels. This study investigated the effect of 1 and 2 wk of R on Z kinetics (PK). Methods: In phase 1 (P1), 9 HIV+ patients (8M, 1F) received Z 200 mg q8h alone. On study day 7, blood and urine samples were collected for 6 h. In phase 2, patien
Effect of clarithromycin (CLAR) on the steady-state pharmacokinetics (PK) of delavirdine (DLV) in HIV-1 patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:145. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920518; Cox SR; Borin MT; Driver MR; Levy B; Freimuth WE; Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI.; Objective: DLV is a non-nucleoside RT inhibitor with nonlinear clearance mediated by Cytochrome P450 3A. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple doses of CLAR, an inhibitor of oxidative drug metabolism, on the steady-state PK of DLV in HIV-1 patients. Methods: Eleven HIV-1 patients (10 males,
Pharmacokinetic profile of 9-[2-(bispivaloyloxy-methyl) phosphonylmethoxy]adenine (bis-POM PMEA), an orally bioavailable prodrug of the antiviral nucleotide, PMEA.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:145. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920519; Barditch-Crovo PA; Cundy KC; Wachsman M; Toole J; Burgee H; Ebeling D; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; PMEA, a nucleotide analog with in vitro and in vivo activity against a broad spectrum of retro- and herpesviruses was shown to decrease p24 levels in HIV-infected individuals following multiple dose parenteral administration in two clinical trials. Because of PMEA s poor oral bioavailability, an oral prodrug, bis-POM
Pharmacokinetics (PK) of lamivudine (3TC TM) in HIV infected patients with renal dysfunction.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:145. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920520; Heald A; Yuen GJ; Robinson P; Mydlow P; Bartlett J; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.; 3TC is a nucleoside analog currently in clinical trials for the treatment of HIV infections. Previous PK studies have demonstrated that approximately 70% of an administered dose of 3TC is eliminated unchanged in the urine. Purpose: The purpose of this
Safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of stavudine (d4T) in subjects with mild, moderate or severe renal impairment.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:145. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920521; Grasela D; Christofalo B; Raymond R; Stoltz R; Stewart M; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.; Twenty subjects (12M, 8F, 18-48 yrs) were stratified into 4 groups of 5 subjects each, based on 24-hour creatinine clearance (CLcr, mL/min/1.73m2). Each subject received a single 40 mg oral dose of d4T . Vital signs, physical exams and clinical laborat
Safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of stavudine (d4T) in hepatic impairment.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:146. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920522; Petty B; Grasela D; Shaad H; Christofalo B; Stewart M; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; Six (6) of 10 subjects have been enrolled in this ongoing single-dose, open-label study; 3 subjects have biopsy-proven cirrhosis (Child-Pugh classification B or C) and 3 are age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Vital signs, physical exams and clinical laboratory tests were performed before dosing and at discharge
Concomitant foscarnet and didanosine; a pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation in patients with HIV disease.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:146. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920523; Aweeka FT; Mathur V; Dorsey R; Jacobson MA; Martin-Munley S; Pirrung D; Franco J; Lizak P; Johnson J; Gambertoglio J; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.; Foscarnet (F), an anti-viral agent active against both cytomegalovirus and HIV, and didanosine (DDI), an anti-HIV nucleoside analogue, are often used concomitantly. F and DDI may interact pharmacokinetically, since both compounds are partially eliminated by renal tubular secretion.
Didanosine population pharmacokinetics: relationship between drug exposure and surrogate marker response.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:146. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920524; Adams J; Shelton M; Grasela T; Hewitt R; Deremer M; Morse G; State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.; PURPOSE: To examine the feasibility of utilizing population pharmacokinetic (PPK) methods to quantify didanosine exposure in outpatients and to consider relationships between drug exposure and surrogate marker response over a six month period. METHODS: Bayesian estimates of apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and apparent
Comparison of measured and estimated creatinine clearance (ClCR) in patients with advanced HIV disease.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:146. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920525; Huang E; Hewitt R; Shelton M; Morse G; State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.; PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of five methods of estimating ClCR in hospitalized patients with advanced HIV infection. METHODS: Seventy-two HIV-positive inpatients were identified over a six month period and evaluated for stable renal function. Cockcroft-Gault (C-G), Hull, Mawer and two Jeliffe equations were compar
Gastric hypoacidity (GH) among HIV-infected outpatients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:146. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920526; Shelton J; Morse GD; Hewitt RG; State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.; Since the incidence of GH in HIV-infected patients is controversial, we established a screening program among our patients receiving antiretroviral therapy using a radiotelemetry device (Heidelberg capsule). After an overnight fast of at least 8 h, patients with no history of gastrointestinal maladies or surgery (with
In vivo drug screening applications of HIV-infected human cells cultivated in hollow fibers.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:146. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920527; Hollingshead M; Roberson J; Decker D; Buckheit R; Elder C; Djurickovic D; Grever M; National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and; Development Center, Frederick, MD.; Previous studies demonstrated that human cell lines can be cultivated in hollow fibers in the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal compartments of mice. We have extended the range of cells cultivated in this format to include human cell lines infected with HIV. PVDF hollow fibers were loaded with cells via a teflon cathet
Kinetics and cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of trimethoprim in human liver microsomes.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:147. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920528; Palamanda JR; Unadkat JD; University of Washington, Seattle, WA.; Trimethoprim (TMP) is used extensively for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in people with AIDS. Five oxidative metabolites of TMP, namely, 4 -OH TMP, alpha-OH TMP, 3 -OH TMP, IN-oxide TMP and 3N-oxide TMP have been isolated after in vivo administration of TMP to humans. Although TMP is not metabolized
Dapsone acetylation by human liver N-acetyltransferases (NAT) and interaction with anti-opportunistic infection drugs.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:147. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920529; Palamanda JR; Hickman D; Ward A; Sim E; Unadkat JD; University of Washington, Seattle, WA.; Dapsone is used in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in people with AIDS. Inhibition of NAT-dependent acetylation of dapsone could increase peak plasma concentrations of dapsone shifting the biotransformation pathway to the P450-mediated formation of a toxic metabolite of dapsone, the hydroxylamine. Ther
Relationship between foscarnet (F) exposure and nephrotoxicity (N) during induction therapy for CMV retinitis.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:147. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920530; Drusano GL; Preston S; Berman A; Sartiano G; Aweeka F; Gambertoglio J; Ussery F; Eaton C; Martin-Munley S; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.; We sought to develop a relationship between F cumulative plasma AUC & N during induction therapy with F in HIV+ patients (pts) with CMV retinitis. 14 pts had F plasma concentrations (PC), daily serum creatinines and 24 hr measured creatinine clearances at beginn
Relationship between foscarnet (F) exposure and time to progression of CMV retinitis (CMVR).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:147. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920531; Drusano GL; Aweeka F; Gambertoglio J; Jacobson M; Lane C; Polis M; Eaton C; Martin-Munley S; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.; We sought to develop a relationship between F exposure in the plasma of HIV+ patients (Pts) & time to progression of CMVR. Pt data (29 pts) were drawn from 2 studies where well documented plasma concentrations (PC) were available from maintenance or in the last dosing interval of induction. F PC were determined by
Non-parametric expectation maximization (NPEM) population modelling of ganciclovir: evidence for differences in clearance in patients either shedding CMV into the urine or with CMV retinitis.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:147. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920532; Preston SL; Drusano GL; Buhles W; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.; It is important to be able to discover differences in pharmacokinetic parameters, such as clearance, in populations of patients receiving drugs. Non-Linear Mixed Effects Modelling (NONMEM) can confirm a hypothesis of a multimodal distribution; however, the underlying population distribution must be specified for NONME
Pharmacokinetics (PK) of hyperimmune HIV immunoglobulin (HIVIG) in HIV+ pregnant females & newborns.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:148. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920533; Lambert J; Fletcher C; Mofenson L; Stiehm ER; Moye J; Meyer W; Nemo G; Mathieson B; Hirsch G; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; Objective: Preliminary evaluation of HIVIG PK in the initial HIV+ pregnant females & their newborns enrolled in ACTG 185, a controlled (IVIG) blinded trial of HIVIG to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. Methods: Monthly HIVIG/IVIG (200 mg/kg) infusions were given to HIV+ females starting at 20- 30 wks gestation; 1
Effects of interleukin (IL)-12 in combination with dideoxynucleoside (ddN) analogs or IL-2 on HIV-1 replication in vitro.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:148. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920534; Keller S; McGrath J; Hammer S; New England Deaconess Hospital and Harvard Medical School,; Boston, MA.; IL-12 has potential as an HIV immunotherapeutic agent. Since its use might well be in combination (comb) with ddN s or other cytokines, our objective was to determine if IL-12 would modulate the expression of HIV-1 in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL s) simultaneously exposed to ddN s or
IL-12 induces HIV-1 replication in CD8-depleted PBMC from some seropositive donors.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:148. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920535; Perales MA; Lieberman J; New England Medical Center and Tufts University School of; Medicine, Boston, MA.; IL-12, a cytokine produced by macrophages and B cells, has been proposed as an attractive cytokine for HIV immunotherapy because of its ability to enhance the anti- viral immune response. It does this by stimulating naive CD4 T cells to develop into IFN gamma and IL-2
IL-10 suppress HIV replication in monocytes, monocyte- derived-macrophages and placental macrophages and may also contribute to impaired function of these cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:148. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920536; Chang J; Li S; Naif H; Fear W; Ho-Shon M; Cunningham AL; Centre for Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Westmead,; Australia.; Recent studies have shown that endogenous IL-10 produced either by IFN-gamma or LPS stimulated human monocytes, strongly inhibited the production of many proimflamatory cytokines at the transcriptional level. On the basis of marked immunoregulatory effects of IL-10 on monocytes, we investigated the biological response
The effects of low doses of gamma irradiation on HIV replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:148. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920537; Xu Y; Greenstock CL; O'Shaughnessy MV; Conway B; British Columbia Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver,; British Columbia, Canada.; The use of fractionated total body or localized irradiation is often used in the setting of HIV infection. We have previously shown low doses (0.01 Gy to 2 Gy) of gamma irradiation can increase HIV replication in PBMCs. We conducted the present study to further characterize the effects of low doses of gamma radiation
Xenograft transplantation: panacea or next pandemic?: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:149. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920538; Allan JS; Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX.; Recent advances in the basic immunology of stem cells coupled with more effective combinations of immunosuppressive agents has led to an explosion of interest in baboons as organ donors for human recipients suffering from several life threatening diseases including AIDS. Already 2 humans received baboon livers and one
HIV replication inhibition by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin (I).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:149. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920539; Germinario RJ; Desantis T; Wainberg MA; Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.; The effects of IGF-1 and I on HIV replication were studied in cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) and a chronically infected U937 cell line. Media levels of reverse transcriptase (RT) and p24 antigen were used to monitor HIV replication. HIV replication was inhibited by IGF-1 and I in de novo infected (i.e. first expos
Inhibition of death of lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients by anti-apoptotic molecules including soluble CD95 (FAS delta TM).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:149. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920540; Krowka JF; Ascher MS; Sheppard HW; Kiefer MC; Bathurst IC; Tomei LD; Barr PJ; California Department of Health Services, Berkeley, CA.; It is difficult to reconcile the high levels of lymphocyte apoptosis with the low levels of virus observed in HIV- infected (HIV+) patients. Analysis of CD95 (FAS) expression was undertaken to determine if HIV-induced upregulation of CD95 expression played a role in increased levels of lymphocyte death that have been
A placebo controlled trial of ranitidine in HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:149. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920541; Bartlett JA; Berry PS; Bockmon KW; Stein A; Johnson J; Quinn JB; Weinhold KJ; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.; Uncontrolled trials of H2 antagonists in HIV infection have suggested increases in CD4 lymphocytes and other measures of immunologic function. To further assess the effects of ranitidine, 81 HIV infected subjects with CD4 lymphocytes 400-700/mm3 were randomized to ranitidine 300mg po bid or placebo. No concurrent anti
Effects of recombinant human growth hormone and recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I administration in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection and growth failure.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:149. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920542; Hirschfeld S; Tudor-Williams G; Stocker V; Jacobsen F; Laue L; Cutler GB; Pizzo PA; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; Two of the major manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children are growth failure and decline in immune function. Growth failure can be multifactorial, but has been associated in some chronic diseases with abnormalities in the growth hormone (GH) - insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis. Ani
Sensitivity of HIV-1 primary isolates to interferons A2 and omega.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:149. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920543; Kunzi MS; Pitha PM; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Oncology Center,; Baltimore, MD.; HIV primary isolates, derived from donors at various states of HIV infection, were assayed for their sensitivity to interferon-alpha 2 (IFNA2) in vitro. These isolates displayed a broad range of sensitivity to IFNA2. The prevalence of IFNA2-resistance was low in the absence of AIDS, but dramatically increased once HIV
Open label thymopentin treatment reduces disease progression in asymptomatic HIV subjects previously on double-blind placebo.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:150. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920544; Goldstein G; Hirsch RL; Meyerson L; Beall G; Blick G; Calabrese L; Conant MA; Galpin J; Grossman H; Fisher A; Immunobiology Research Institute, Annandale, NJ.; A previous double-blind (DB) study of 234 asymptomatic HIV infected subjects receiving AZT for greater than 6 months at entry demonstrated that treatment with thymopentin (TP5) for 48 weeks significantly delayed disease progression compared to placebo
Aspirin and salicylic acid accelerate HIV-1 infection in acutely infected A3.01 cells yet partially inhibit HIV activation from latency.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:150. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920545; Critchfield JW; Sandstrom PA; Folks TM; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Inflammatory cytokines are known to stimulate HIV replication in vitro, and aspirin is a well-established anti-inflammatory agent. Aspirin was also recently shown to inhibit NF-kB activation and HIV-LTR activity. For these reasons, we determined the effects of aspirin and salicylic acid (.375-1.5 mM) on HIV production
An ACTG phase Ia safety and pharmacokinetic trial of immunotherapy with the anti-CD4 binding site human monoclonal antibody F105.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:150. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920546; Posner MR; Cavacini LA; Gambertoglio J; Spino C; Wolfe E; Trapnell C; Ketter N; Hammer S; Samore M; Harvard Medical School and School of Public Health, Boston, MA.; F105 is an IgGk, human monoclonal antibody reactive with the CD4 binding site of HIV-1 gp120. A Phase Ia study of immunotherapy with F105 was performed in HIV-1 seropositive, asymptomatic volunteers with CD4 counts greater than or equal to 500 and less than or equal to 200/mm3. F105 was given as a single, 1 hour, intr
Induction of HIV-1 by IL-2: in vivo and in vitro analysis.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:150. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920547; Scully G; Kovacs J; Chaitt D; Stevens R; Lambert L; Baseler M; Metcalf J; Geiger S; Lane HC; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; Interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) is a T-cell derived cytokine with potent effects on T-cell, B-cell and NK-cell activation proliferation and differentiation. Prior studies in vitro have demonstrated that IL-2 can enhance the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), howev
Progress in HIV-1 vaccine development.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:150. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920548; Belshe RB; Bolognesi D; Clements ML; Corey L; Fast P; Graham B; Keefer M; Mestecky J; Mulligan M; Stablein D; Vaccine Clinical Trials Group, National Institute of Allergies; and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD.; Prophylactic vaccines for HIV-1 have been given to over 1500 uninfected volunteers by the NIAID-Sponsored AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Group. Vaccines tested include nonreplicating vaccines (peptides and subunits), live viruses (vaccinia recombinants expressing gp160 and canary pox expressing gp160) and combinations o
Clinical follow-up of subjects treated with an inactivated gp120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:150. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920549; Moss RB; Ferre F; Trauger R; Daigle A; Richieri S; Jensen F; Carlo DJ; Immune Response Corporation, Carlsbad, CA.; To determine the effect of active immunotherapy on markers of disease progression, 103 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive subjects were randomized to receive either 100 micrograms of HIV-1 antigen in Incomplete Freund s Adjuvant (HIV-1 Immunogen) or IFA alone at 0, 3 and 6 months. In the first year, a slower rise in vira
Phase I/II trial of gp160 vaccine (VaxSyn R) in HIV-infected adults with CD4 counts less than 400/mm3: preliminary results.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:151. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920550; DeMaria A; Cohen C; Epstein P; Kunches L; Mayer K; Werner B; Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA.; The safety and immunogenicity of recombinant gp160 vaccine (MicroGeneSys) is being studied in a community-based publicly-funded trial. Of 141 patients enrolled, 30% are women and 38% are people of color; 32% were not on antiretrovirals at entry. Patients with 200-400 CD4 count (Group I, n=82) are randomized to 7 month
Safety and immunogenicity of recombinant envelope HIV vaccines in asymptomatic HIV infected children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:151. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920551; Lambert JS; McNamara J; Katz S; Livingston R; Fenton T; Geheb H; Duliege AM; Francis D; Volvowitz F; Hawkins E; et al; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.; ACTG 218 is a Phase I placebo-controlled trial involving asymptomatic, HIV-infected children, ages 1 month to 18 years. Vaccines being tested are: 1) MicroGeneSys rgp160 IIIB, 40 micrograms and 320 micrograms; 2) Genentech rgp120 MN, 75 micrograms and 300 micrograms; 3) Chiron/Biocin
Inhibition of anti-V3 response to an HIV vaccine by maternal antibody.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:151. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920552; Jelonek MT; Maskrey JL; Steimer KS; Potts BJ; Higgins KW; Keller MA; Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center,; Torrance, CA.; The effect of passively transferred maternal antibody on the offspring antibody response to rgp120SF2-CFA was examined in a murine model. Adult female BALB/c mice were injected ip postpartum with 500 micrograms of murine IgG1 anti-gp120 mAb.Two mAb were studied; mAb 83.1 (Repligen) which recognizes a determinant in th
Salivary antibody response to HIV-1 recombinant gp120 (rgp120) vaccine.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:151. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920553; Yang E; Gorse G; Belshe R; Berman P; Saint Louis University and Veterans Administration Medical; Center, St. Louis, MO.; Objective: To detect vaccine induced salivary antibodies in a double-blind, randomized phase I trial of HIV-1 rgp120 vaccine ( Genentech , Inc.). Methods: Uninfected healthy adults were randomized to receive four IM injections of 100 micrograms MN, 300 micrograms MN, 600 micrograms MN
Incidence of venereal warts in HIV-infected and -uninfected women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:151. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920554; Chirgwin K; Feldman J; Augenbraun M; Landesman S; Minkoff H; State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.; Objective: To assess the relationship between venereal warts, HIV status and degree of immuno deficiency, adjusting for sexual risk behavior. Methods: 253 HIV-infected and 658 HIV-negative women were studied at 6 mo intervals regarding the presence of venereal warts, other lab-confirmed STDs, T- cells, and sexual beha
Characteristics of HIV-infected women with invasive cervical cancer (ICC), United States 1993.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:151. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920555; Klevens RM; Fleming PL; Mays M; Frey R; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; ICC in HIV-infected women was added to the AIDS surveillance case definition in 1993. Our objective is to describe women reported in 1993 with AIDS and ICC. We compared characteristics of women reported with ICC (n=205), CD4+ only (n=7961), and other AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses (OIs) (n=8658), using x2 testi
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and gynecological comorbidity in incarcerated women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:152. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920556; Stevens J; Zierler S; Cram V; Dean D; Pratt L; Mayer K; De Groot A; Brown University, Providence, RI.; We investigated the risks for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the spectrum of gynecological comorbidity associated with HIV infection in a population of incarcerated women. Sixty-one HIV seropositive women and 27 HIV seronegative women were interviewed about HIV risk- taking behaviors, sexual his
Screening for cervical neoplasia with Pap smear and HPV DNA assay in HIV infected women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:152. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920557; Cohn J; Gagnon S; Spence M; Harrison D; Brinson C; Stein A; Hellinger J; American Foundation for AIDS Research, Los Angeles, CA.; Objective: To compare the predictive value (PV) of combined Pap smear and HPV DNA assay for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) with the predictive value of Pap smear alone, among HIV infected women. Methods: HIV infected women in 6 US cities with a CD4 count equal to or less than 500, without prior cervical canc
HIV-1 screening in an inner city colposcopy clinic.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:152. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920558; Jennings TS; Dottino PR; Sperling R; Beddoe AM; Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.; INTRODUCTION: HIV screening has been recommended for patients with cervical dysplasia, particularly in areas with endemic HIV infection. METHODS: Patients referred with abnormal cervical cytology to an inner-city outpatient colposcopy clinic serving upper Manhattan were queried as to known risk factors for HIV infecti
Gynecological surgical outcomes among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected control subjects.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:152. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920559; De Vito JR; Robinson WR; Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA.; To determine the effect of HIV on the risk of complications and outcomes in women undergoing gynecological procedures, a retrospective analysis was done. Sixty-two women who underwent gynecological procedures were identified. One hundred forty seronegative women who had similar procedures during the same time period s
Genital mycoplasma: rates of seropositivity and culture growth in HIV positive and at-risk populations.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:152. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920560; Pierce P; Timenetsky J; Kumar P; Hayes M; Hawley F; Macalalad A; Wang R; Lo SC; Georgetown University Medical Center, Armed Forces Institute of; Pathology, Washington, DC.; M. penetrans has been uniquely associated with HIV positive gay men in previous seroprevalence surveys. 100 patients attending an HIV clinic and 30 men at an STD Clinic consented to serologic testing for Mycoplasma and provided urine and rectal swabs for Mycoplasma culture. (Table: see text). One rectal culture from a
Genital tract inflammation (GTI) in HIV infected women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:153. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920561; Mayer KH; Brown University, Providence, RI.; Objective: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with GTI in HIV+ and HIV- women. Methods: Interviews, physical exams, and lab studies [including cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) WBC, as measured by hemocytomer] were obtained from 228 HIV+ and 145 high risk, demographically-matched HIV- women from the initial v
A case-control study of nucleoside analogue use and the acidosis/hepatic dysfunction syndrome.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:153. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920562; Lennox JL; Wagner KF; Blatt S; Chung RC; Stein D; Gitterman S; Mansfield J; Mayers DL; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC.; OBJECTIVE: To determine if nucleoside analogue use is associated with acidosis and hepatic dysfunction in an HIV-1 infected cohort. METHODS: Over 2000 patients were screened for the following criteria: 1. Anion gap greater than 17 on two sequential occasions plus either, 2. A clinical diagnosis of liver failure or a p
Oral ulcers in HIV infected persons taking zalcitabine plus zidovudine: initial results.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:153. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920563; Ramirez-Ronda CH; Santana J; Rivera-Vazquez C; Saavedra S; Calavell Y; Laboy O; AIDS Research Unit, San Juan Veterans Administration Medical; Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico.; Purpose: To examine the development of oral mucosal ulcers in patients that take zalcitabine ( ddC ) plus Zidovudine (ZDV). Methods: Patients enrolled in the combination study randomized to either ZDV or ZDV plus didanosine (ddI) or ZDV plus ddC were in
Study of nutritional status and dietary intake during hospitalization of AIDS patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:153. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920564; Johnston S; Gel S; Romeu J; Gomez M; Sirera G; Clotet B; AIDS Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol,; Barcelona, Spain.; INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition due to various causes is widely documented in patients with AIDS, possibly affecting immune status and survival. OBJECTIVE: A prospective pilot study to evaluate nutritional status and intake in a group of hospitalized AIDS patients to establish the need for a nutrition protocol. METHOD: Nin
Patterns of weight change in a primary care clinic for HIV- infected patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:153. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920565; Hooton TM; Bradshaw DH; Maurice J; University of Washington, Seattle, WA.; Weight loss in HIV-infected persons is associated with a decrease in an overall sense of well-being and, when extreme, increased morbidity and mortality. Although increasing attention is being given to the pathogenesis and treatment of the wasting syndrome and general aspects of nutrition in this population, there are
Characteristics of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in HIV-infected children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:154. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920566; Chadwick EG; Morgan E; DiMichele D; Yogev R; Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Medical; School, Chicago, IL.; Significant AIHA associated with HIV infection has been reported anecdotally in children. We have observed 5 cases among a cohort of 130 children with symptomatic HIV infection. Children (ages 5 mo.-8 yrs.) had perinatally acquired infection and presented with a rapidly falling hemoglobin (hgb) and positive direct and
Impact of outpatient management of opportunistic or HIV- associated diseases in a public hospital system.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:154. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920567; Patterson TF; Sharkey PK; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San; Antonio, TX.; During the past year an 18-bed HIV-inpatient service was instituted along with a discharge clinic in which patients are followed 5-7 days after discharge from the hospital. This service in conjunction with our immunosuppression clinic permits completion of in-patient therapy in the out- patient or home setting. A tria
Echocardiographic evaluation in AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:567. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920568; Rivera Del Rio J; Montilla J; Gomez M; Ramirez H; Hunter R; Department of Internal Medicine, HURRA, UCCEM, Bayamon, Puerto; Rico.; OBJECTIVE: To establish the myocardial anatomic substrate by echocardiography of AIDS patients. METHOD: A cohort of 35 patients with CD4+ less than 20/ul without history or physical findings of heart disease underwent a full echocardiographic evaluation. RESULTS: The mean age was 36 with 30 males. The CD4+ count was l
Prednisone improves renal function in HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:154. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920569; Kalayjian R; Phinney M; Austen J; Gripshover B; Carey J; Rahman M; Weigel K; Smith MC; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.; Objective: To examine the effect of prednisone on the course of renal disease due to HIV-associated nephropathy. Methods: Fourteen patients with HIVAN defined by: glomerulosclerosis and/or mesangial proliferation by biopsy, renal insufficiency (creatinine greater than 2.5 mg/dl), and proteinuria (greater than 1 g/24 h
AIDS-associated salivary gland pathology: an autopsy survey of 60 cases.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:154. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920570; Wagner RP; McPherson MJ; Latham PS; Orenstein JM; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.; We reviewed the submandibular glands of 60 AIDS patients autopsied at the George Washington University Medical Center from 1982-92. Pathology in the salivary glands was compared to lung and pancreas findings, and to the salivary gland autopsy findings of 27 seronegative, age, gender and race matched controls. Cytomega
Hypothyroidism in pediatric HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:570. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920571; Hirschfeld S; Laue L; Cutler GB; Pizzo PA; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a multisystem disorder that affects an increasing number of children. The disease in children differs from that in adults in several notable parameters. Among these is that HIV can affect the rate of growth, and in fact changes in linear growth rate have been considered
Thrombocytopenia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:155. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920572; Sullivan PS; Hanson D; Ciesielski C; Sy C; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Thrombocytopenia (TP) is an important hematologic condition in persons infected with HIV. To study the occurrence of TP diagnosis, the medical records of 26,280 HIV+ persons greater than or equal to 13 years of age were reviewed every 6 months at over 100 medical clinics in 11 U.S. cities. The prevalence of TP in this
Acquired protein S deficiency (APSD) in HIV-infected children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:155. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920573; Sugerman RW; Church JA; Goldsmith J; Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern; California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.; APSD has been reported in 27 to 73% of HIV-infected adults, with and without AIDS. Experience with a 12 year old HIV- infected girl with post-operative sagittal sinus thrombosis and free protein S level of 30% normal led us to study the prevalence of APSD in HIV-infected children. Thirty-four HIV-infected children age
Bone marrow culture for diagnosis of infections in AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:573. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920574; Rademacher S; Keiser P; Skiest D; Peterson D; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.; Bone Marrow cultures (BMCx) are often done in AIDS to diagnose infections such as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb), and Histoplasma capsulatum (HC). These organisms can be identified by other means such as lysis-centrifugation culture of blood (LCCx). We performed a retrospective rev
CD4+ correlates of weight training in HIV-seropositive outpatients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:155. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920575; Olson PE; Wallace MR; Carl M; Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA.; Objective.-- To compare exercise behaviors and relative benefits of different types of exercise among HIV-infected outpatients. Design.-- Pilot study: Questionnaire completed electively by HIV clinic outpatients, coupled with review of participants medical records. Participants.-- Military or ex-military outpatients
Cryoglobulinemia (CRYO) in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive (HIV+) patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:155. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920576; Cone LA; Hirschberg J; Eisenhower Medical Center, Rancho Mirage, CA.; Cryoglobulinemia may be idiopathic or more commonly associated with lymphoproliferative and connective tissue disorders or acute and chronic infection. Although CRYO has been described in HIV+ persons it has in most instances been considered an asymptomatic epiphenomenon. We have seen 5 HIV+ patients with type III CRY
HLA and risk of disease progression among gay men.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:156. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920577; Louie L; Charleboise E; King MC; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA.; The San Francisco Men s Health Study (SFMHS) is a population-based cohort of 1034 men in the 19 census tracts at high risk for HIV-1 infection in San Francisco during 1984. This study was undertaken to test our previous findings in this cohort that DRB1*0702 is protective against disease progression among 114 HIV-1-in
Virologic correlates of HIV-1 in disease progression among IDUs; an alive report.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:156. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920578; Farzadegan H; Vlahov D; Astemborski J; Solomon L; Masters B; Nelson K; OBJECTIVE: To determine viral correlates of disease progression among IDUs, the viral load and phenotypic characteristics of HIV was studied among IDUs who showed rapid progression (RP) compared to rapid progressor controls (RPC). METHOD: A concurrent case-control analysis was performed on seroconverted IDUs. Four ser
The prognostic significance of p24 antigen with ICD: comparison with other surrogate markers.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:156. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920579; Rachlis A; Major C; Peter A; Palmer R; Afeldt M; Traikovich L; Mayo J; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada.; Objective: Immune complex dissociation (ICD) increases the sensitivity of p24 antigen testing. This investigation was aimed at determining the association of p24 with ICD pretreatment with other surrogate markers of disease progression, including p24 without ICD, CD4+ count, CD4%, CD8 count and beta-2-microglobulin. I
Evaluation of secular trends in CD4+ lymphocyte loss among HIV-1 seroconverters.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:156. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920580; O'Brien TR; Hoover DR; Rosenberg PS; Chen B; Detels R; Kingsley LA; Phair J; Saah AJ; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; Background: The natural history of untreated HIV-1 infection may change over time due to viral mutation or other factors. To assess whether such change has occurred, we examined CD4+ lymphocyte data from 354 men who seroconverted between 1984 and 1991. Methods: MACS investigators recruited HIV-1 seronegative homosexua
Temporal trends of initial CD4 cell counts following HIV seroconversion in Italy, 1985-1992.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:156. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920581; Vlahov D; Galai N; Cozzi A; Pezzotti P; Sinicco A; Rezza G; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.; Objective: To determine if initial CD4 cell counts after HIV seroconversion have decreased over calendar time among participants in the Italian Seroconversion Study. Methods: HIV seroconverters between 1985 and 1992 with a documented negative followed by a positive serology within 12 months and a first CD4 cell measur
Viral and immunologic monitoring of HIV: an adjusted CD4 count.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:156. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920582; Phillips AN; Mahalingam M; Peakman M; Pozniak A; McManus T; Vergani D; Kings College Hospital and Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.; Introduction:- Virological and immunological markers change substantially over time in HIV infected patients. Most evaluations of the prognostic value of such markers, however, have only considered differences in prognosis between patients with different markers values at a single point in time. Changes in markers dur
A proposed staging system for clinical AIDS patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:157. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920583; Mocroft A; Phillips A; Sabin C; Janossy G; Lee C; Johnson M; Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.; Introduction:- Clinical trial design would be helped if there were a staging system for patients with clinical AIDS (i.e., not CD4 200). To derive such a system based on risk of death follow-up data on AIDS patients are needed with information on all new AIDS defining diagnoses (ADD s) and regular CD4 counts up to the
Survival of HIV-infected injecting drug users with low CD4 counts.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:157. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920584; Galai N; Vlahov D; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; Objective: To estimate and identify factors associated with survival after reaching specific CD4 levels (microliter) among injecting drug users (IDUs). Methods: 653 HIV infected participants of the ALIVE Study in Baltimore, MD, were followed semiannually since 1988 with behavior, clinical and laboratory information. E
Survival from early, intermediate, and late stage of HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:157. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920585; Enger C; Graham N; Peng Y; Phair J; Kingsley L; Detels R; Munoz A; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; Objective: To estimate expected survival time among HIV- infected homosexual men by stage of HIV disease before and after the widespread availability of AIDS antiretroviral therapies. Methods: A cohort of HIV-infected gay men was followed from July 1985 through December 1988, prior to availability of antiretroviral th
Estimation of long term survivors under different models for incubation period in homosexual men.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:157. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920586; Munoz A; Phair J; Xu J; Margolick J; Visscher B; Rinaldo C; Kaslow R; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.; OBJECTIVE: Under alternative models for incubation period, estimate proportion of HIV seroconverters free from clinical AIDS for long periods. METHODS: Study population consisted of 1650 seroprevalent (SP) whose seroconversion date was imputed using previously validated methods, and 444 seroconverters (SC) in cohort o
Net occurrence of disease and death following immunosuppression AIDS.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:157. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920587; Peng Y; Hoover D; Saah A; Phair J; Detels R; Rinaldo C; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.; OBJECTIVES: To study the timing of clinical AIDS illnesses and death following diagnosis of immunosuppression AIDS by CD4+ count less than 200 microliter and/or CD4+ percentage of lymphocytes less than 14%. METHODS: Multiple decrement models were used to analyze the occurrence of subsequent AIDS illnesses and death am
Follow-up of a hemophilic cohort infected with HIV for up to 14 years from HIV seroconversion: effects of CMV status and age on disease progression.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:158. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920588; Sabin CA; Phillips AN; Lee CA; Janossy G; Emery V; Griffiths PD; Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London, UK.; 111 men from the Royal Free Hospital Hemophilia Centre became infected with HIV between 1979 and 1985. Follow-up is now complete on these patients for up to 14 years from HIV seroconversion. By 1st January 1994, 47 men had developed AIDS, 45 men had died and CD4 counts had fallen below 0.05 x 10(9)/l in 43 men. Kaplan
HIV infection in patients over 55 compared to a younger cohort.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:158. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920589; Skiest D; Rubinstein E; Gioiella L; University of Connecticut Health Center, Hartford, CT.; Approximately 10% of AIDS cases have occurred in persons over the age of 50 and it is estimated that 125,000 people over age 50 may be HIV seropositive. Few studies have addressed the significance of HIV disease in this population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing HIV+ patients greater than 55 years
Autopsy findings among injecting drug users in New York City.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:158. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920590; Weisfuse IB; Greenberg AE; Waisman J; Rotterdam H; Jaffe H; Stoneburner R; New York City Department of Health, New York, NY.; Objective: To determine the pathologic findings and their relationship to HIV-1 infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in New York City (NYC). Methods: Decedents with needle track marks referred to the NYC Medical Examiner for autopsy between November 1989 and April 1991 were eligible for the study. Complete auto
Clinical and epidemiologic features of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Brooklyn: results of a pilot surveillance project.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:158. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920591; Levine PH; Welles S; Joseph E; Felton S; Bertoni M; Cervantes J; Moulana V; Miotti A; Goberdan L; Lee SL; et al; ATL has been reported in central Brooklyn, where studies suggest an HTLV-I prevalence similar to that in the Caribbean islands. We established a pilot 1-year surveillance program in 7 of 10 hospitals serving the residents of 18 zip codes. 82.7% of the 6,198 inpatient beds in the community were covered. 12 incident cas
HTLV-I infection in Spain: report of 23 cases identified up to September 1994.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:158. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920592; Soriano V; Gutierrez M; Aguilera A; Vallejo A; Gzlez-Lahoz J; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; HTLV-I infection is the causal agent of ATL and TSP/HAM. Screening for HTLV-I antibodies has become mandatory in blood donors in six European countries ( France , Belgium , The Netherlands ,
High maternal HTLV-I antibody titer is associated with longer duration of passive maternal antibody in exposed children of HTLV-I+ mothers.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:159. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920593; Maloney E; Wiktor S; Pate E; Gray R; Waters D; Manns A; Blattner W; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; BACKGROUND. Passive immunization with HTLV-I antibody has been effective in protecting against HTLV-I infection in rabbits. In bottlefed children of HTLV-I+ Japanese mothers, high maternal antibody titer (mabt) was associated with protection from seroconversion, while in breastfed infants high mabt was associated with
Specific class II HLA DR/DQ antigens are associated with the HTLV-I carrier state.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:159. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920594; Manns A; Wilks R; Cranston B; Hanchard B; Blank M; Sonoda S; Blattner W; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; BACKGROUND: Major histocompatibility complex, class I and class II genes have a unique role in regulating the immune response to infection and malignant transformation due to their function in presenting viral and other antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes. METHODS: In order to identify important HLA antigens associate
HTLV-II infection in Spain: analysis of 84 cases identified up to September 1994.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:159. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920595; Soriano V; Gutierrez M; Vallejo A; Dronda F; Tuset C; Calderon ER; Gonzalez-Lahoz J; Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; HTLV-II infection is endemic among some Amerindian and African tribes. Furthermore, a high prevalence has been described in North American and Italian drug addicts. Although the pathogenicity of the virus remains unclear, there is a concern on the possibility of transmission by blood transfusion. Since 1991 a National
Prevalence and incidence of vertically acquired HIV infection in the United States.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:159. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920596; Davis SF; Byers RH; Lindegren ML; Caldwell MB; Karon JM; Gwinn M; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV) from mother to infant (vertical transmission) accounts for 93% of all new AIDS cases in children in the U.S.A. Defining the magnitude of the HIV epidemic among children and childbearing women in the U.S.A. provides a basis for developing strategies to preve
Newborn HIV-1 antibody testing; a successful program at Harlem Hospital Center.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:159. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920597; Abrams EJ; Briggs N; Prince P; Baseman D; Harlem Hospital Center (HHC), Columbia University, New York, NY.; Objective: A mean of 94 HIV seropositive (HIV+) newborns were delivered annually at HHC between 1989-1992, mean seroprevalence 3.81% (3.33-4.63%). Only 38% (33-50%) of these HIV+ newborns were identified through voluntary prenatal and postpartum testing. Methods: A newborn testing program was piloted in 1993: all moth
Five years of successful prenatal HIV screening in Los Angeles County: a pilot for the nation.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:160. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920598; Jackson J; Frederick T; Mascola L; Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles,; CA.; OBJECTIVE: To offer universal voluntary HIV antibody (Ab) screening and education to prenatal patients, with referral to tertiary care facilities. METHODS: From 2/89-7/94, 5 Los Angeles County (LAC) health centers and 2 comprehensive health centers have participated in offering universal, voluntary HIV Ab testing as p
Age-specific rate of new HIV infection in women of childbearing age in Malawi.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:160. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920599; Miotti P; Liomba G; Canner C; Taha T; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; Objectives. To establish HIV seroincidence in urban women of childbearing age and identify the age at which such women have the highest risk of HIV infection. Methods. HIV testing was done every 6 months in 687 HIV-seronegative antenatal women enrolled in a prospective cohort study in the city of Blantyre,
Characteristics of children reported with HIV infection or AIDS from states with HIV surveillance, U.S.A.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:160. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920600; Lindegren ML; Fleming P; Li J; Ward J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; From 5/85 through 6/94, 27 states began confidential HIV surveillance for children less than 13 years of age. To compare characteristics of children reported with HIV infection-not AIDS (HIV) with those of children with AIDS, we analyzed case reports for children from these states after HIV surveillance began. States
Pediatric HIV infection in Los Angeles County--changing trends in maternal risk.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:160. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920601; Frederick T; Mascola L; Jackson J; Tucker D; Caldwell B; Los Angeles Pediatric AIDS Consortium, Los Angeles, CA.; Since 3/88, a community-wide active surveillance study for pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been in place in Los Angeles County (LAC), California to measure pediatric HIV-related morbidity and monitor trends. Hospitals are contacted bimonthly for new reports and follow-up data. As of 7/31/94,
HIV/AIDS related deaths among children in New York City: 1981-90.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:160. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920602; Fordyce EJ; Singh R; Shum R; Ritzel S; Thomas P; New York City Department of Health, New York, NY.; OBJECTIVES: To evaluate causes of death in New York City (NYC) among children diagnosed with AIDS or who died from HIV related causes without meeting the AIDS case definition. METHODS: Data from death certificates for children diagnosed with AIDS in NYC who died between 1981 and 1990 were linked to AIDS surveillance d
Assessment of the implementation of the recommendations for the use of zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce perinatal transmission of HIV-1.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:160. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920603; Febo I; Scott G; Mitchell C; Diaz C; University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics, Miami, FL.; The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acceptance, toxicities, and follow-up during the first six months of implementing these recommendations. METHODS: Medical records of 63 HIV seropositive women and their infants who had received zidovudine and were delivered between March 1, 1994 and September 9, 1994 w
Preventing perinatal HIV transmission with a simple technique.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:161. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920604; Biggar RJ; Taha ET; Miotti P; Goedert JJ; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD.; Perinatal HIV transmission accounts for 90 percent of pediatric HIV infection in the developed world and almost all transmissions to children elsewhere. Preventing such infections remains a major goal of pediatric HIV research. The recent success of AZT
Birthcanal wash with chlorhexidine to decrease perinatal HIV transmission.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:161. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920605; Miotti P; Taha T; Biggar R; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; Objectives. A pilot study to assess practicality and toxicity of birthcanal cleansing with 0.25% chlorhexidine (CL), a virucidal antiseptic, to decrease intrapartum transmission of HIV. Methods. Vaginal vault and cervical os of women delivering at a major hospital in Malawi were wa
HIV progression in perinatally infected children: an analysis from the Pediatric Spectrum Disease Project.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:161. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920606; Barnhart H; Caldwell B; Thomas P; Mascola L; Ortiz I; Hsu H; Shaner K; Parrott R; Maldonado Y; Byers R; Emory University, Atlanta, GA.; OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical progression of HIV disease in perinatally infected children using data from the Pediatric Spectrum Disease (PSD) Project. METHODS: PSD is an active surveillance project initiated in 1989 in seven geographic areas for children exposed or infected with HIV. A five-stage Markov model was
Host genetic factors in pediatric AIDS progression.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:161. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920607; Just JJ; Abrams E; Louie L; Urbano R; Stein Z; King MC; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA.; Objective: To study host genetic influences on pediatric AIDS. Methods: The study population included HIV-1-infected African American children born to HIV+ mothers in New York City. HLA class II and class III genotypes were determined using PCR/SSO and Southern blotting. Cumulative incidence of clinical outcomes (n=96
Weight and height growth velocity and short-term disease progression in HIV-infected children.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:161. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920608; Navarro M; Kline M; Bohannon B; Hanson C; Shearer WT; Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital,; Houston, TX.; Objectives: To evaluate the new Center for Disease Control (CDC) definition of failure to thrive (FTT) (MMWR Oct, 1994) and to determine if serial measurements of weight and height growth velocity in a group of children with vertically acquired HIV infection can predict short-term disease progression. Method: We studi
Long-term survival in pediatric HIV patients.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:161. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920609; Jackson CR; Vavro CL; St Clair MH; Valentine ME; McKinney RE; Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC.; Eighteen HIV infected children greater than eight years of age were studied. All children were infected via vertical transmission or neonatal transfusion. Based on a clinical impression of wellness, they appeared to separate into two groups. Decrements of CD4+ decline were calculated using linear regression. The well
Vitamin A prophylaxis reduces morbidity in HIV-1 infected infants: a controlled trial.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:162. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920610; Coutsoudis A; Bobat R; Coovadia HM; Kuhn L; Stein Z; Columbia University, New York, NY.; As expensive therapeutic strategies for HIV infected children are unaffordable in developing countries, a double- blind randomized placebo controlled trial of vitamin A supplementation was carried out in 118 offspring of HIV positive mothers in Durban, South Africa . Those assigned
Determinants of the number of hospitalizations and the length of stay of perinatal HIV-infected children in the US.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:162. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920611; Caldwell B; Lancaster J; Barnhart H; Thomas P; Mascola L; Hsu HW; Schulte J; Maldonado Y; Parrott R; Ortiz I; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; METHODS: Active surveillance for HIV-infected children, including information about hospitalizations, has been ongoing since 1989 in 7 regions. Children were classified using the 1994 Revised Pediatric HIV Classification; normal immune function, moderate, or severe immunosuppression (SI) based on age-specific CD4 coun
Effectiveness of a primary provider-based program for care of children with HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:162. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920612; Havens PL; Cuene BE; Waters D; Marquardt KM; Hand JR; Chusid MJ; Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.; Since 1991, a program in Milwaukee has cared for 94 Wisconsin children with or at risk for HIV infection. Because of often long distances to reach tertiary care, most care is delivered by primary practitioners in local offices, with telephone consults with the tertiary program. We have evaluated program effectiveness
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and disease among children born to HIV infected (HIV-INF) women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:162. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920613; Channing K; Thomas P; Washko R; Villegas E; Caldwell B; New York City Department of Health, New York, NY.; OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the association of pediatric HIV and MTB infection and disease in NYC, where 1% of all births are HIV+ and the rate of MTB in children is 10-20/10(5). METHODS. HIV exposed children in NYC have been followed by medical record review since 1989 in the PSD project at 10 sites. Records of children w
Cutaneous anergy in women at risk for HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:162. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920614; Klein RS; Flanigan T; Vlahov D; Schuman P; Smith D; Montefiore Hospital, Bronx, NY.; Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with cutaneous anergy among women at risk for HIV infection. Methods: Interview regarding demographics and HIV risk factors of women in HER Study, a multi-centered study of HIV infection in women. Intradermal skin testing with mumps, candida, and 5 TU PPD,
Oral lesions in women at risk for HIV infection.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:614. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920615; Schuman P; Greene V; Klein RS; Solomon L; Mayer K; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.; Objective: Assessment of oral pathology in HIV+/HIV- women. Methods: Interview for demographics/HIV risk behaviors and oral exam of women enrolled in the HER study of HIV infection in women. Results: 620 women were examined (61% Black, 24% White, 11% Latina). 370 were HIV+ and 250 were HIV-. HIV risk: injection drug u
Endometrium in pregnant and nonpregnant HIV infected women.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:163. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920616; Popek EJ; Hammill HA; Lewis DE; Langston C; Kozinetz CA; Shearer WT; Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,; TX.; Gynecologic and pregnancy related complications in HIV+ women include increased pelvic inflammatory disease and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. We have also reported an increase in spontaneous fetal loss in HIV+ women. The endometrium has not been previously studied as a source of HIV infection; for intrauterine trans
Case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers (HCWs) after percutaneous exposure (PE) to HIV- infected blood.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:163. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920617; Cardo D; Srivastava P; Ciesielski C; Marcus R; McKibben P; Culver D; Bell D; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; Objective: To determine risk factors for HIV seroconversion in HCWs after a PE to HIV-infected blood. Methods: Cases were HCWs who seroconverted to HIV after a PE to HIV- infected blood, reported from national surveillance of occupationally acquired infection. Controls were HCWs in CDC s prospective HCW surveillance p
Serosurvey of bloodborne pathogens in funeral service practitioners.: Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;:163. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AIDS/95920618; Gershon R; Vlahov D; Farzadegan H; Alter M; Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health,; Baltimore, MD.; Funeral service practitioners (FSP) have potential occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during embalmings and assisting in autopsies. In order to estimate the risk