Phases of SIV infection in rhesus macaques: role of lymphoid organs in pathogenesis.

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1994. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Phases of SIV infection in rhesus macaques: role of lymphoid organs in pathogenesis.

Symp Nonhum Primate Models AIDS. 1993 Sep 19-22;11:abstract no. 17. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE PRIM11/94191609
Joag SV; Adams RJ; Foresman L; Narayan O; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160.

Abstract: Pathogenesis studies were undertaken in 15 macaques inoculated with either lymphocyte-tropic SIVmac239 or a neurotropic variant of this virus. Both viruses caused typical persistent infection but studies on the dynamics of virus cell interactions during the infection showed 3 distinct phases that prognosticated clinical outcome. Phase 1 lasted 2-4 weeks and was characterized by the presence of activated lymphocytes in blood, infected cells in the CSF, high plasma viremia, and recovery of virus from PBM cultured in medium containing IL-2. In phase 2 plasma virus titers declined, activated cells were no longer detectable, and cultivation of PBM in IL-2 failed to yield virus. However, virus could still be recovered from mitogen-activated PBM. The duration of phase 2 extended between 6 and 36 weeks post-inoculation, and prolongation of this phase was associated with a poor prognosis. Phase 3 was marked by the failure to recover virus from mitogen-stimulated PBM without prior depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes, indicating that effective control of the virus had been achieved both in vivo and in vitro. No virus was found in plasma and activated PBM were not detected. Early development of phase 3 status correlated with a longer period of clinical normalcy. Neutralizing antibodies were not produced by any of these infected animals. The lymph nodes and spleen had a higher virus burden and a relatively lower number of effective antiviral CD8+ cells than peripheral blood. Lymph nodes and spleen therefore are a major source of blood virus and serve as a sanctuary for the virus to shelter from the immune response. Our results also suggest that peripheral blood is not a reliable indicator of virus burden.

Keywords: Animal Antibodies, Viral/BIOSYNTHESIS Antigens, CD8/BLOOD Lymph Nodes/*MICROBIOLOGY Lymphocytes/*MICROBIOLOGY Macaca mulatta Prognosis Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/BLOOD/IMMUNOLOGY/ *PHYSIOPATHOLOGY Spleen/*MICROBIOLOGY *SIV/ISOLATION & PURIF T-Lymphocyte Subsets/IMMUNOLOGY Time Factors Viremia/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY ABSTRACT
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M9470909

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