Passive immunization of rhesus macaques against SIV: failure to protect and apparent enhancement of infection and disease (September 19-22, 1993).

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1994. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

Passive immunization of rhesus macaques against SIV: failure to protect and apparent enhancement of infection and disease (September 19-22, 1993).

Symp Nonhum Primate Models AIDS. 1993 Sep 19-22;11:abstract no. 42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE PRIM11/94191637
Gardner MB; Jennings M; Rosenthal A; McKenzie M; University of California at Davis 95616.

Abstract: We have used the macaque model to test the effect of passive immunization on SIV infection and disease. We had two goals in mind: 1) to investigate the role of humoral immunity in SIV vaccine protected as compared to SIV infected monkeys, in hopes of better understanding the mechanism of vaccine protection; and 2) to test the efficacy of passive immunization with SIV antisera from vaccinated or infected monkeys as a model for similar passive antibody protection experiments contemplated for HIV-1 exposed or infected humans. We found that plasma (low neutralizing antibody, high antihuman cell antibody) from an SIV-vaccinated monkey protected some recipients against infection when given before SIV challenge. In contrast to a previous report [1], we did not protect any monkeys given inactivated plasma or purified Ig (high neutralizing antibody, no antihuman cell antibody) from SIV infected animals before challenge nor did we protect any animals given Ig from SIV vaccinated monkeys after challenge. Moreover, 80% (8 out of 10) of these SIV unprotected monkeys had evidence of enhanced infection with persistent high virus load and 88% (7 out of 8) of these monkeys had an accelerated disease course dying of simian AIDS in less than 7 months after infection. By contrast, in the other treatment groups, all of the 9 SIV infected recipients exhibited a lower virus load and none died of this acutely. These findings raise a note of caution about the safety of passive immunization in the treatment or prophylaxis of HIV-1 infection in humans.

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/THERAPY Animal Antibody Formation Comparative Study Human HIV-1 *Immunization, Passive Macaca mulatta Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY SIV/*IMMUNOLOGY Time Factors Viral Vaccines/THERAPEUTIC USE ABSTRACT
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M9470881

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