Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1994. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
IgG antibodies predominate in mucosal and genital secretions of HIV-1 positive chimpanzees.
Symp Nonhum Primate Models AIDS. 1993 Sep 19-22;11:abstract no. 58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE PRIM11/94191653 Israel ZR; Frost PA; Marx PA; Dept. of Biology, New Mexico State University, Holloman AFB; 88330.
Abstract:
Heterosexual transmission of HIV in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe emphasizes the need to identify immunization strategies that will protect against HIV infection at the genital mucosa. In previous studies in macaques, mucosal IgG was the predominant SIV vaginal antibody in SIV immunized and infected animals. However, new studies are needed to characterize HIV-1 mucosal immunity in HIV-1 positive chimpanzees. Chimpanzees are a good HIV-1 model because they are not immunosuppressed by HIV and may therefore display optimal mucosal antibody responses. In this study we found that mucosal antibodies are predominantly IgG similar to previous studies using the SIV macaque model. To determine the role of mucosal IgG, IgA and IgM, we tested plasma, saliva, rectal swabs, vaginal washes, semen and urethral washes from HIV-1 IIIB infected chimpanzees by Western Blot. All 7 HIV-1 infected chimpanzees had strong plasma IgG antibodies to HIV-1, while only 5 had plasma IgA to gag p24 and RT p66. Saliva from 6 of the 7 infected animals contained IgG antibodies to HIV-1 but only 1 had IgA antibody to gag p24. IgG antibody to gag and env were detected in rectal swabs from 6 of the 7 animals while only 2 had IgA to gag or to env plus RT. Vaginal washes from 2 of 3 infected females were positive for anti-HIV IgG, but no IgA was detected in any. Semen samples from all 4 infected males contained IgG antibodies at least to HIV-1 env while 1 demonstrated IgA antibody only to env. All samples were negative for IgM specific HIV-1 antibody. Because antibody in the urethra of males may be the first line of defense against heterosexual transmission of HIV, urethral washes from 4 infected males are currently being tested for the presence of HIV-1 specific antibody. These studies further emphasize the possible role of mucosal IgG as the predominant antibody in secretions. The function of mucosal IgG in genital defenses against HIV-1 requires further investigation.
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION Animal Chimpansee troglodytes Female Human HIV Antibodies/*ANALYSIS/BLOOD HIV Seropositivity/BLOOD/*IMMUNOLOGY HIV-1/*IMMUNOLOGY IgA/ANALYSIS/BLOOD IgG/*ANALYSIS/BLOOD IgM/ANALYSIS/BLOOD Intestinal Mucosa/*IMMUNOLOGY Male Mucous Membrane/IMMUNOLOGY Rectum Saliva/IMMUNOLOGY Semen/*IMMUNOLOGY Sex Behavior Urethra/IMMUNOLOGY Vagina/*IMMUNOLOGY ABSTRACT 940730
M9470865
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1994. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
