[Princeton, N.J.] : Films for the Humanities, c1988 1 videocassette (52 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9301601A
(Producer) It began in San Francisco with the assembly of a few 3 x6 panels, each bearing the name of a single AIDS victim, and has grown to a quilt containing over 8,000 individual panels and weighing over 16 tons. The story of this quilt s growth-which is also the story of the AIDS epidemic and how it has touched
[Princeton, N.J.] : Films for the Humanities, c1990 1 videocassette (26 min.) : sd., col. with b&w ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9301500A
(Producer) AIDS is only the latest in a long line of deadly epidemics that have threatened to decimate human life. The microscopic life forms that have ravaged mankind since evolution began are among the greatest villians of history, and our battles to stop them are among our greatest achievements. This program loo
(Producer) Documents the treatment of leprosy victims in Hawaii in the 19th and early 20th century. American colonizers looked upon the disease as a curse from God, punishment for immoral sexual behavior. One man, Damien de Veuster (Father Damien), took it upon himself to care for and bring comfort to these untoucha
(Producer) This film interviews a woman Medical Doctor who refers AIDS patients in Detroit to a self-described Cherokee Indian herbalist. Both the physician and the herbalist talk about what they do and why. The AIDS patients talk about why they reject drugs and prefer herbs. It is a Cautionary Tale because it rev
Washington, DC : Special Initiative on Aids, American Public Health Association, [1988] 8 p (APHA/SIA report ; 2) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9318781
Washington, D.C. : AIDS Policy Center, Intergovernmental Health Policy Project, George Washington University, [1989]- v Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9318057
Rockville, MD (18-12 Parklawn Bldg., Rockville 20857) : Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, [1990] 10 p (AHCPR program note) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9318857
Blacksburg, VA : Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991 xiv, 112 p. : ill (President's symposium ; v. 2) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9317910
Berkeley : University of California Press, c1992 xiv, 338 p (Comparative studies of health systems and medical care) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9317907
San Francisco : AIDS Health Project, University of California, San Francisco ; Berkeley, Calif. : Distributed to the trade by Celestial Arts, c1992 xi, 242 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9318189
HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Diseases London : British Medical Association Foundation for AIDS, c1992 iv, 181 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9319017
Prevention and Control of AIDS Manila, Philippines : Printed and distributed by the Regional Office for the Western Pacific of the World Health Organization, [1992] 25 p (Report series ; no. RS/92/GE/16(PHL)) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9319031
Washington, D.C. : AIDS Policy Center, Intergovernmental Health Policy Project, George Washington University, c1993 11, [33], 21 leaves : map Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9317621
Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, c1993 xvi, 701 p. : ill (Advances in the biosciences, ISSN 0065-3446 ; v. 86) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9318721
Washington, D.C. (1620 Eye St., N.W., Washington 20006) : United States Conference of Mayors, [1993] 19 p (HIV education case studies ; no. 6) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9318805
Mihailescu P; Murgoci G; Institutul de Pneumoftiziologie Marius Nasta.
The great number of AIDS cases in children in Romania , together with the high annual risk of Tb infection, created the premises for the occurrence of a relatively great number of disease cases through HIV infection/AIDS + tuberculosis, particularly in the age-group 0-5 years. Seru
Rogoz I; Barbu E; Rata M; Sectia Ftiziopediatrie Brasov.
The study deals with HIV infection in children admitted to the Phthisiopediatrics Department of Brasov Hospital. They represent about 1% of the hospitalized cases (5 of 564). Considering, however, the age group of interest (0-5 years), they constitute 4.6% of hospitalized cases. Four of the five children were born in
Chung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Tsa Chih. 1992 Dec;15(6):336-8, 379. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94006731
Kang XM; Nanjing Army General Hospital.
Penicilliosis marneffei is a rare deep fungal infection. The endemic area especially located in the Southeast of Asia. In the former literatures till 1990, 29 cases were reported, most of them were diagnosed pathologically from autopsy. Since 1989 there were more reports of P. marneffei in the HIV infected individuals
Harrison SC; Wang J; Yan Y; Garrett T; Liu J; Moebius U; Reinherz E; Harvard University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular; Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Hendrickson WA; Kwong PD; Leahy DJ; Ryu SE; Yamaguchi H; Fleury S; Sekaly RP; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York,; New York 10032.
Lin YC; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University.
To elucidate the immunologic function of the spleen in AGC patients, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), splenic venous blood lymphocytes (SVL) and spleen cells (SC) from 40 patients were tested for NK cell activity and T-cell subsets. Significant impairment of NK cell activity, decreased rate of CD+3 and CD+4 cells,
Hosoi K; Fukuda N; Iuchi A; Ogawa S; Hayashi M; Fujimoto T; Kiyoshige K; Fukuda K; Oki T; Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine,; University of Tokushima.
To clarify the characteristics of the jugular venous pulse and its genesis in Ebstein s anomaly, 6 patients with Ebstein s anomaly whose mean age was 45 +/- 9 years, and 10 normal subjects with a mean age of 27 +/- 6 years were studied by phono-mechanocardiography and echocardiography. The parameters included the rela
J Med Liban. 1992;40(2):81-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016433
el-Saad Debahy N; Aoun JP; Hajjar E; Mokhbat JE; Division of Dermatology, Saint Georges Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
Diffuse addisonian hyperpigmentation in a male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex (ARC) is described. The etiology of pigmentation in this patient remains obscure but is most probably related to the H.I.V. infection. Other causes of addisonian hyperpigmentation are considered less likely.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 Oct 28;660:271-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028436
Chen CJ; Banerjea AC; Haglund K; Harmison GG; Schubert M; Laboratory of Viral and Molecular Pathogenesis, National; Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 Oct 28;660:95-106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028470
Zaia JA; Chatterjee S; Wong KK; Elkins D; Taylor NR; Rossi JJ; Division of Pediatrics, City of Hope National Medical Center,; Duarte, California 91010-0269.
Jungblut H; Campbell SA; Giersig M; Muller DJ; Lewerenz HJ; Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Bereich Photochemische; Energieumwandlung, Germany.
Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has been performed on the reverse transcriptases of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and the moloney murine leukaemia virus (MuLV). The biological molecules are adsorbed on n-type semiconducting MoTe2. The p66 (66 kD) subunit of the RT of HIV-1 is imaged by STM. Both STM an
Kondo N; Inoue R; Orii T; Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine,; Japan.
The responses of lymphocytes to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were investigated in five patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). In three patients with CVID in whom the percentages of CD20+ cells and CD21/EBV receptor+ cells were markedly reduced, PBMCs and/or B cells did not respond (or scarcely) to EBV. Thi
AAOHN J. 1993 Aug;41(8):374-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94000039
Kopfer AM; McGovern PM
1. The majority of occupational exposures to potentially infectious blood and body fluids occur via needlestick injury. The morbidity and mortality from these exposures is significant. 2. Models from Haddon and White can help identify strategies to decrease the probability of needlestick injury. 3. A review of researc
Morse EV; Simon PM; Balson PM; Department of Sociology, Tulane University, New Orleans,; Louisiana.
PURPOSE. To educate health care practitioners about medication compliance by having them play the role of patients who have been placed on a medication regimen. METHODS. In 1988, ten physicians and ten nurses working in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials Unit of Tulane University and Louisiana Sta
Yarchoan R; Mitsuya H; Broder S; Medicine branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Drugs that inhibit HIV replication have been shown to have clinical utility in patients with HIV infection. However, the immunological improvement induced by available anti-HIV therapies in patients with AIDS is incomplete and transient. Explanations for this may include immunological barriers to complete reconstituti
J Protein Chem. 1993 Jun;12(3):291-302. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94000336
Chou JJ; Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104.
In designing HIV protease inhibitors as potential drugs for AIDS therapy, knowledge about what peptide sequences in polyproteins are cleavable by HIV proteases is very useful. In this article, based on the formulation that any octapeptide can be uniquely expressed a
The protease encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was engineered in Escherichia coli as a construct in which the natural 99-residue polypeptide was preceded by an NH2-terminal methionine initiator. Inclusion bodies harboring the recombinant HIV-1 protease were dissolved in 50% acetic acid and the
DNA Cell Biol. 1993 Sep;12(7):617-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94000387
Blackbourn DJ; Sutjipto S; Doi RH; Chuang RY; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of; Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
A simple method to distinguish between simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates of experimentally infected rhesus macaques is reported. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared from a rhesus macaque infected with SIVStM isolated originally from a stump-tailed macaque, or from a rhesus monkey infecte
Fomsgaard A; Johnson PR; London WT; Hirsch VM; Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University, Rockville,; Maryland.
OBJECTIVE: An in-frame stop codon prematurely truncating the transmembrane glycoprotein (TMP) is a common feature of many simian immunodeficiency virus, African green monkey strain (SIVagm) molecular clones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the native form of the SIVagm TMP in a naturally infected African
Nunn AJ; Biryahwaho B; Downing RG; van der Groen G; Ojwiya A; Mulder DW; Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Uganda; Virus Research Institute, Entebbe.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an algorithm using two enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for anti-HIV-1 antibodies in a rural African population and to assess alternative simplified algorithms. METHODS: Sera obtained from 7895 individuals in a rural population survey were tested using an algorithm based on two different EIA systems: R
Kemeny MM; Cooke V; Melester TS; Halperin IC; Burchell AR; Yee JP; Mills CB; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center,; New York City, New York.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of splenectomy in HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of patients admitted to St Vincent s Hospital who had splenectomies and were HIV-positive. SETTING: All patients were treated at St Vincent s Hospital, New York City, New York, USA. PATIENTS: Only patients who
Husstedt IW; Grotemeyer KH; Busch H; Zidek W; Department of Neurology, University of Munster, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate progression of distal-symmetric sensory polyneuropathy and its correlation to immunological development. METHODS: Clinical, neurophysiological and immunological parameters were followed in 42 HIV-infected patients for 13 +/- 6 months. Neurophysiological investigations were performed in the su
Camus F; de Picciotto C; Gerbe J; Matheron S; Perronne C; Bouvet E; Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hopital Bichat-Claude; Bernard, Paris, France.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate alterations in lung function during the course of HIV infection. DESIGN: Total lung capacity (TLC), the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to vital capacity (FEV1/VC), the carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO) and the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient [delta (A-a)O2] were determine
Bogner JR; Zietz C; Held M; Spathling S; Sandor P; Kronawitter U; Goebel FD; Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Munich, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ultrasound measurement of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) tumour volume for follow-up during therapy. Two-dimensional evaluation of size and description of gross alteration (for example, colour, nodularity, resolution) was used to assess treatment of KS. Flattening of palpable cutaneous KS lesions during
Eriksson K; Kilander A; Hagberg L; Norkrans G; Holmgren J; Czerkinsky C; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Goteborg, Sweden.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether and at what stage mucosal immune responsiveness is impaired during HIV-1 infection. DESIGN: Intestinal and systemic antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses were examined in eight HIV-1-infected volunteers and 10 seronegative control subjects after oral cholera and parenteral tetanus vacci
Pickering H; Quigley M; Hayes RJ; Todd J; Wilkins A; Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors that influence condom use among prostitutes and their clients in The Gambia . DESIGN: A cohort of 181 prostitutes working in seven bars and several rural markets in The Gambia were monitored daily for 14 months. A sample of 747 clients of these pr
Casabona Barbara J; Blanch Mur C; Vall Mayans M; Salvador Vilalta X; AIDS Programme, Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya,; Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the mortality pattern observed in relation to the AIDS epidemic, and to estimate the current and future demographic impact of AIDS among the population aged between 20 and 39 years in Catalonia, Spain . DESIGN: Spain has the highest cumulative incidence rate o
Donoghoe MC; Rhodes TJ; Hunter GM; Stimson GV; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Charing Cross; and Westminster Medical School, University of London, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of community-recruited drug injectors with no treatment experience and no previous testing history when estimating HIV prevalence among drug injectors. DESIGN: HIV testing behaviour and prevalence were measured in a serial point prevalence study of drug injectors recruited in commun
de Wit JB; van Griensven GJ; Kok G; Sandfort TG; Utrecht University, Department of Gay and Lesbian Studies, The; Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: To assess predictors of relapse into unprotected anogenital intercourse with casual partners among homosexual men in Amsterdam, The Netherlands . DESIGN: A prospective study ongoing since October 1984. METHODS: Self-reported data on sexual behaviour were obtained at
Wilkins A; Ricard D; Todd J; Whittle H; Dias F; Paulo Da Silva A; Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection and its relationship to age, sex and other factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey of a rural community in Guinea-Bissau . METHODS: Questionnaire-administration and screening of sera from subjects aged > or = 15 y
Kondo N; Inoue R; Yano M; Hayashi T; Miwa Y; Kasahara K; Yamasaki M; Utsumi M; Shinbara M; Orii T; Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine,; Japan.
Two different common variable immunodeficiency patients were studied. Patient 1 showed hypogammaglobulinemia in all major classes of gammaglobulins and slightly reduced percentages of circulating CD19+ cells, CD20+ cells and surface IgG-or IgA-bearing cells with a normal percentage of surface IgM-bearing cells. Patien
Fernandez Esparrach G; Castellote J; Xiol X; Guardiola J; Santin M; Rota R; Podzamczer D; Miquel JM; Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Bellvitge Princeps; d'Espanya.
Esophageal ulcers are often found in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. We have retrospectively reviewed the upper endoscopies performed in these patients during the last four years. 149 examinations were realized in 73 patients. Fourteen patients with esophageal ulcers were diagnosed. A severe immu
Scully C; Samaranayake L; Martin M; Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, Bristol; Dental School.
Over a decade into the HIV epidemic there is still concern about occupational transmission of HIV despite a demonstrated exceptionally low risk. This paper reviews the possible routes of transmission of HIV other than proven parenteral routes. Some of the recently evaluated facts about HIV are reviewed in relation to
Br Dent J. 1993 Oct 9;175(7):254-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94001192
Porter SR; Peake G; Scully C; Samaranayake LP; University Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and; Microbiology, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, UK.
The knowledge and attitudes of dental patients in the UK and Hong Kong towards aspects of cross-infection control have been surveyed. Almost all patients expected dentists to wear protective gloves but only 73% and 40% expected dent
Staff caring for AIDS patients experience a grief characterized by specific features. This article presents ways to understand these losses and develop supportive ways to manage their reactions.
van den Bergh Weerman MA; van Gool T; Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK; Dingemans KP; Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Academic; Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
We use EM with increasing frequency for the identification of opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV-infected individuals. Apart from Pneumocytis carinii, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Leishmania, we studied several aspects of microsporidiosis . Infection with the
Gallicano K; Sahai J; Ormsby E; Cameron DW; Pakuts A; McGilveray I; Bureau of Drug Research, Health & Welfare Canada, Ottawa.
The pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in 10 symptomatic HIV-infected men were assessed after administration of the initial 200 mg oral dose at the start of therapy (day 1) and on one occasion during non steady-state conditions of chronic-dose therapy (200 mg every 4 h while awake on day 21-66; 5 doses per day). The follo
Ron IG; Kuten A; Wigler N; Fried G; Nitezky S; Inbar MJ; Dale J; Chaitchik S; Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler; School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Kaposi s sarcoma is a rare neoplasm of characteristic chronicity. The classical form which occurs most often in elderly men of Eastern European origin, comprises both an indolent, cutaneous type marked by spontaneous regression with prolonged survival, and a rarer, disseminated variant is more fulminant. Seven elderly
Recent press attention on HIV infected health care workers has brought the issue of nurses and hospitals responsibility for notifying patients of their HIV status to the fore. In the first of two consecutive articles, the author outlines the Department of Health s guidance on the issue of nurses responsibility.
Nurs Stand. 1993 Aug 4-10;7(46):29-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94001510
Hart S
This second article on the importance of notifying patients of the HIV status of health care workers focuses on the responsibility of hospitals and health authority personnel. The author discusses the recent Department of Health guidelines on the subject and highlights the need for nurses to be aware of them.
Nurs Stand. 1993 Aug 18-24;7(48):25-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94001535
Locke G
Staff working with patients with burns are regularly exposed to large amounts of potentially infected blood. With the steady rise of HIV infection in the general population it is no longer appropriate to classify patients as at high or low risk of infection. This article describes the introduction of cost-effective pr
Twenty-seven factor VIII deficient patients who had previously not been treated with blood or blood products were studied after infusion of a total of 24 batches of NHS factor VIII (8Y) concentrate produced by Bio-Products Laboratory, Elstree. Follow-up was carried out according to guidelines laid down by the Internat
Kaczmarski RS; Pozniak A; Lakhani A; Harvey E; Mufti GJ; Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College School of; Medicine and Dentistry, London.
Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) is under investigation for the treatment of a wide range of haematological disorders. At commonly used doses of > 120 micrograms/m2/d, extramedullary toxicity is common. We report the effects of low-dose (LD) rhGM-CSF in patients with chroni
Int J Legal Med. 1993;106(1):11-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94001665
Lockemann U; Schulz-Schaeffer W; Wischhusen F; Laufs R; Puschel K; Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Hamburg, Germany.
The HIV-status of 3999 fatalities (aged 1-60 years) examined at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Hamburg from 1989-1992 was tested. Former predictions of an enormous increase of HIV-infections, especially in the risk group of IVDA (intravenous drug addicts), did not come true. HIV-screening of fatalities is an in
Acquaye JK; National Blood Transfusion Service, Korle Bu Ghana.
29,575 blood donors of whom about 20% were voluntary were screened for HIV 1. During the three years period 1988 to 1990 four different tests kits were used. Three were ELISA methods and one an agglutination method. Comparison of the monthly seropositivity for each year showed variations of 0.9 to 4.4% for the first y
Int Immunol. 1993 Aug;5(8):849-57. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94001802
Takahashi H; Nakagawa Y; Yokomuro K; Berzofsky JA; Department of Microbilogy and Immunology, Nippon Medical School,; Tokyo, Japan.
Based on the evidence that CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) precursors do not appear to distinguish between virus-infected cells and viral peptide-pulsed syngeneic cells, we have developed methods for priming class I MHC molecule restricted CD8+ CTL with such peptides without using any adjuvant. We were able to prime in v
Zeidner NS; Mathiason-DuBard CK; Hoover EA; Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; 80523.
Previous experimental studies utilizing human recombinant interferon-alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b) alone or with zidovudine ( AZT ) to treat established feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection resulted in a significant reduction in circulating virus throughout
Dhingra K; Duvic M; Hymes S; McLaughlin P; Rothberg J; Gutterman JU; Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson; Cancer Center, Houston.
Twenty-five patients with systemic malignancies or cutaneous disorders were treated with low dosages (1-16 IU/kg/day) of oral interferon-alpha in a phase-I study. There were no grade-3 or -4 toxicities. No patients achieved a partial or complete response. One patient with renal cell carcinoma had prolonged disease sta
Recombinant HIV-1 Rev protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli using translational coupling to the beta-glucuronidase gene and demonstrated to interact with high affinity and specificity with the Rev responsive element (RRE). A complex Rev-dependent binding pattern was observed using the gel shift assay which cou
Tabucchi A; Carlucci F; Re MC; Furlini G; Consolmagno E; Leoncini R; Pizzichini M; Marinello E; Rubino M; Pagani R; Istituto di Biochimica e di Enzimologia, Universita di Siena,; Italy.
The purine nucleotide content was examined in various cells before and after HIV-1 virus infection: healthy peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and cultured PBL after infection; the PBL of asymptomatic, ARC and AIDS patients. In all cases, changes in purine nucleotide concentrations were observed. The pattern of purine
Huengsberg M; MacDonald LM; Bradbeer CS; Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital,; London, UK.
This is a retrospective review of 279 pelvic ultrasound examinations requested over 19 months by a department of GU medicine. An abnormal ultrasound was rarely seen in women with pain but no pelvic mass (16%). If a mass was found on bimanual palpation, the yield of abnormal ultrasound was much higher (52%). Pelvic ult
Kinghorn GR; McMillan A; Mulcahy F; Drake S; Lacey C; Bingham JS; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital,; Sheffield, UK.
The efficacy and safety of topical treatment for external condylomata acuminata with either self-applied 0.5% podophyllotoxin (PT) or hospital-applied 25% podophyllin (PODO) solution was compared in 138 males and 67 females in an open multicentre study. After one week of treatment, wart clearance was observed in 53% o
Rogstad KE; Tesfaledet G; Abdullah MS; Ahmed-Jushuf IH; Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham,; UK.
In order to determine knowledge of HIV transmission, sexual risk behaviour and perception of risk in African health care workers, 200 employees at the Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya , were asked to complete an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. There was a 75% response rat
Hart G; STD Control Branch, Rundle Mall PO, South Australia.
All laboratory tests performed and medical reports received in South Australia in 1990-1991 and screening results for Chlamydia trachomatis at the central STD clinic from 1988-1991 were analysed to clarify the epidemiology of genital chlamydial infection. From 70,494 laboratory
Karita E; Martinez W; Van de Perre P; Nziyumvira A; Nyiraminani J; Butera JB; Fox E; Rwanda National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Kigali,; Rwanda.
To follow the progression of HIV seropositivity among heterosexual adults at risk for HIV infection in the country of Rwanda prospectively, up to 100 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) were tested each month from 1988 to 1991 at the health centre of Biryogo, which isn
Armstrong DK; Convery A; Dinsmore WW; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital,; Belfast, Northern Ireland.
A total of 160 men with erectile failure received treatment with 13,030 intracavernosal papaverine and phentolamine injections as outpatients. One-hundred-and-fifteen (72%) achieved an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse and after a mean follow-up period of 14.1 months, 55 (48%) are still attending and successfn
Naucler A; Albino P; Da Silva AP; Biberfeld G; National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
Patients enrolled in a hospital-based case control study (n = 1009) and a follow-up study (n = 130) of HIV-2 infection in Bissau were investigated with regard to sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). A history of genital ulcer was more frequent in HIV-2 infected male patients (46.4%, 13 out of 28) n
Desmond N; Murphy M; Plunkett P; Mulcahy F; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St. James's Hospital,; Dublin, Ireland.
During the period January 1990 to January 1992 260 patients known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) attended the Accident & Emergency (A & E) Department of St James s Hospital, Dublin. There was a total of 709 visits with a mean annual attendance rate of 2.7, twice that for the gen
Reynolds M; Murphy M; Waugh MA; Lacey CJ; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary.
An audit of the treatment of patients (100 men and 90 women) presenting with a first episode of anogenital warts to the Genitourinary Medicine Department at Leeds General Infirmary was performed. Treatment of patients was monitored for a period of 6 months from the time of presentation. The management of patients with
Bodsworth NJ; Knight V; Rohrsheim R; Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Australia.
We sought to ascertain the reasons why virgins might attend sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. The medical records of 31 patients (18 males and 13 females) attending a major public STD clinic and who declared no lifetime sexual partners were examined. Nine subjects were concerned about genital anatomical vari
Summerbell CD; Perrett JP; Gazzard BG; Department of Human Nutrition, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical; College, London, UK.
The medical records of all 420 patients attending an outpatient clinic between June 1990 and June 1991 were retrospectively reviewed for causes of weight loss. Of the 121 (29%) patients who had lost weight, the majority had a clear contributing cause; opportunistic infections (n = 57), psychosocial factors (n = 20), d
Jadresic D; Barton S; Neill S; Staughton R; Marwood R; Department of Psychiatry, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London,; UK.
A General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was completed by 55 women attending a clinic for vulval problems in central London. The GHQ-caseness rate was 40% from which the psychiatric morbidity in the sample was estimated to be 32%. The level of psychiatric morbidity in 10 women with a diagnosis of vulvodynia was similar to
Stroup DF; Thacker SB; Division of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Centers for Disease; Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
The accurate and timely detection of unusual patterns in data from public health surveillance systems presents an important challenge to health workers interested in early identification of epidemics or clues to important risk factors. We apply the Kalman filter, a Bayesian method, to public health surveillance data c
J Vet Med Sci. 1993 Aug;55(4):519-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94002623
Miyazawa T; Mikami T; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture,; University of Tokyo, Japan.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was first isolated in 1986 from a cat with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-like disease. This virus has many characteristics in common with human immunodeficiency virus which is an etiological agent of AIDS in human and is classified as a member of the lentivirus genus
Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Aug 1;34(3):194-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94002717
Takakuwa KM; Callaway E; Naylor H; Herzig KE; Yano LM; Department of Psychiatry Research, San Francisco Veterans; Administration Medical Center, CA 94121.
Clark RA; Brandon W; Dumestre J; Pindaro C; Section of HIV, Louisiana State University School of Medicine,; New Orleans 70112.
To better understand the clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women in Louisiana, we conducted a retrospective review of the records of HIV-infected women who presented to the largest HIV outpatient clinic in Louisiana as well as to a tertiary care university hospital in New Orlea
Toma E; Fournier S; Dumont M; Bolduc P; Deschamps H; Hotel-Dieu de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The aim of this double-blind pilot trial was to compare clindamycin/primaquine with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) as primary treatment for AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The focus was on toxicity and tolerability since comparisons of efficacy were limited by the small sample size. Sixty-f
Jurado RL; Farley MM; Pereira E; Harvey RC; Schuchat A; Wenger JD; Stephens DS; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine,; Atlanta, Georgia 30303.
The incidence, demographics, and clinical outcome of infections due to Listeria monocytogenes in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated by prospective population-based surveillance. During a 2-year study period, 37 cases of invasive listeriosis occurred in metropolitan Atlanta
Guerra LG; Neira CJ; Boman D; Ho H; Casner PR; Zuckerman M; Verghese A; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health; Sciences Center, El Paso 79905-1298.
A 28-year-old male with AIDS and a CD4 cell count of 100/mm3 presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss, and multiple, polypoid, angiomatous lesions on his face. It was determined by means of biopsy that the lesions were due to bacillary angiomatosis . The patient w
Cole BC; Ahmed E; Araneo BA; Shelby J; Kamerath C; Wei S; McCall S; Atkin CL; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of; Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.
Mycoplasma arthritidis produces a potent superantigen (MAM) that activates specific murine and human T lymphocytes to proliferate and secrete lymphokines. We show here that MAM also influences both T- and B-cell functions in vivo. Lymphocytes from mice injected with MAM exhibit a suppression of proliferative responses
Biggar RJ; Rosenberg PS; Viral Epidemiology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; Maryland.
Estimates derived by backcalculation indicate that 628,000 to 988,000 Americans had become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as of 1 January 1991. In persons exposed heterosexually, the incidence of HIV infection is still increasing, but in other groups, it is stable or decreasing from peak rates that o
Fultz PN; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
Historically, animal model systems have been important components of biomedical research, and the same is proving true for research directed at the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. The most relevant and valuable models for studying infection by HIV-1 and HIV-2 and progression to AIDS involve infection of n
DeMartini JC; Brodie SJ; de la Concha-Bermejillo A; Ellis JA; Lairmore MD; Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; 80523.
Ovine lentivirus (OvLV), as a member of the lentivirinae subfamily of Retroviridae, shares morphological, genomic, and cytopathic features with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although OvLV infection does not induce profound immune deficiency in sheep, it has many similarities with HIV infection, such as the capac
Tully JG; Shih JW; Wang RH; Rose DL; Lo SC; Mycoplasma Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious; Diseases, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center,; Maryland 21702.
One hundred sixty-seven sera collected from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative blood donors (n = 41), asymptomatic HIV-positive patients (n = 75), and patients with AIDS (n = 51) were compared in a metabolism inhibition serological test employing antigens to four distinct Mycoplasma species. The proportion of
Lo SC; Wear DJ; Green SL; Jones PG; Legier JF; American Registry of Pathology, Department of Infectious and; Parasitic Diseases Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of; Pathology, Washington, D.C. 20306-6000.
An unusual but typical clinicopathological presentation was noted among several groups of previously healthy, human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients who had an apparent fulminant infectious disease but had no etiologic agent identified. The clinical courses were characterized by rapid progression and developme
Chirgwin KD; Cummings MC; DeMeo LR; Murphy M; McCormack WM; Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health; Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.
Voided urine samples from persons with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were examined for mycoplasmas. Mycoplasma hominis organisms were identified in cultures of urine from 32 (18%) of 180 HIV-positive individuals and from 8 (21%) of 38 HIV-negative individuals. In contrast, glucose-utilizing
Pollack JD; Jones MA; Williams MV; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of; Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
Mycoplasma fermentans and Mycoplasma pirum have been recovered from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons. M. fermentans has been isolated with much higher frequency from HIV-positive than from HIV-negative persons. Mycoplasma genitalium has been detected by polymerase chain reaction in the blood of a pa
Taylor-Robinson D; Furr PM; Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Clinical Research; Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
Progesterone induces susceptibility in murine genital tracts to Mycoplasma pulmonis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma genitalium when each is given intravaginally. In contrast, estradiol, but not progesterone, induced such susceptibility to Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma fermentans, th
Stadtlander CT; Watson HL; Simecka JW; Cassell GH; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, School of; Medicine, Birmingham 35294.
Mycoplasma fermentans strain incognitus, an organism recently identified in tissues of patients with AIDS and in tissues of otherwise healthy adults with an acute fatal respiratory disease, was evaluated for cytopathogenicity for tracheal tissue in vivo and in vitro. In this study, the organism produced a chronic infe
Dimitrov DS; Franzoso G; Salman M; Blumenthal R; Tarshis M; Barile MF; Rottem S; Section on Membrane Structure and Function, National Cancer; Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Characteristics of the fusion of Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) with cultured lymphocytes were investigated. The rate and extent of fusion were monitored continuously in an assay that measured lipid mixing on the basis of dequenching of a fluorescent probe, octadecylrhodamine (R18), incorporated into mycopl
Montagnier L; Blanchard A; Institut Pasteur, Departement du SIDA et des Retrovirus, Unite; d'Oncologie Virale, Paris, France.
Results obtained in vitro suggest that mycoplasmas act as cofactors with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the development of AIDS. Mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma pirum, and Mycoplasma penetrans have since been isolated from HIV-infected individuals. In addition, M. fermentans has bee
Foy HM; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; 98195.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes not only pneumonia but also other respiratory syndromes such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pharyngitis, and croup. These infections mimic viral respiratory syndromes. Most cases are treated on an outpatient basis. Epidemics take place at intervals of 4-7 years. The incidence rate is highes
Feizi T; Glycoconjugates Section, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow,; Middlesex, United Kingdom.
Carbohydrate-mediated interactions are prominent in the pathobiology of human infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The mycoplasma uses specific long-chain sialo-oligosaccharides at the host-cell surface as receptors. These sialo-oligosaccharides contain I antigen in their backbones, and they are richly expressed at t
Respiratory diseases due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae are still confirmed with serological methods, although during the acute phase of M. pneumoniae disease indicative parameters are frequently negative. This result is true not only for serodiagnosis based on tests for the presence of cold hemagglutinin (the first but uns
de Barbeyrac B; Bernet-Poggi C; Febrer F; Renaudin H; Dupon M; Bebear C; Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux,; France.
Respiratory tract specimens, 75 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and 19 throat swabs from 75 hospitalized adult patients (of whom 55 were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus) with pulmonary infiltrates, were examined for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium by culture and polymerase chain reac
Drug Des Discov. 1993;10(1):77-88. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94002917
Ghosh AK; McKee SP; Sanders WM; Darke PL; Zugay JA; Emini EA; Schleif WA; Quintero JC; Huff JR; Anderson PS; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Merck; Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
A series of glycopeptidemimetics based on the hydroxyethylene Phe-Phe isostere have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the enzyme HIV-1 protease. Incorporation of carbohydrate moieties at the P 2-position and elimination of P 3 amino acid in our lead compound 1, provided inhibitors with only n
Chou JJ; Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104.
A mathematical frame has been established to generally formulate the correlating properties of peptides. The formulation can be used to study the specificity of multisite enzymes, particularly in predicting the susceptible sites in proteins by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteases, and hence can serve as a supp
Warren DL; Duerr A; Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
HIV infection has become an important health problem among American women. The natural history of HIV infection and AIDS appears to be similar for women and men, and preliminary studies demonstrate similar survival and clinical events for both sexes. The natural history and presentation of common gynecologic infection
Wehle K; Schirmer M; Dunnebacke-Hinz J; Kupper T; Pfitzer P; Department of Cytopathology, Heinrich Heine University,; Dusseldorf, Germany.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens (n = 213) from AIDS and non-HIV immunosuppressed patients were investigated for the presence of Pneumocystis carinii infection by fluorescence microscopy of Papanicolaou-stained slides. Alveolar casts, extracellular pneumocysts and phagocytosed cysts and their degradation product
Girbes T; Citores L; Ferreras JM; Rojo MA; Iglesias R; Munoz R; Arias FJ; Calonge M; Garcia JR; Mendez E; Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de; Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain.
The bark of Sambucus nigra L. contains a non-toxic novel type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein that we named nigrin b. In vitro, nigrin b strongly inhibited mammalian protein synthesis but did not affect plant nor bacterial protein synthesis. The protein (M(r) 58,000) contains two subunits, A (M(r) 26,000) and B (M(r)
Zeller JM; Swanson B; Cohen FL; Department of Medical Nursing, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's; Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Clinical nurse researchers are challenged to formulate and test effective interventions to alleviate the symptoms associated with HIV/AIDS. Although many symptom-management studies have been conducted on specific populations, such as oncology patients, few related nursing studies of persons infected with HIV have been
Carson VB; University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore.
Literature on long-term survivors with AIDS is replete with anecdotal evidence linking survival to such things as (a) holding a positive attitude toward the illness; (b) participating in health-promoting behaviors; (c) engaging in spiritual activities; and (d) taking part in AIDS-related activities. To determine wheth
Twenty-five HIV-infected patients underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy to determine the treatment s effectiveness in relieving the debilitating fatigue associated with HIV/AIDS and its effect on immunologic function. Patients were treated with 100% oxygen at two atmospheres of absolute pressure three times per week for
Rose MA; University of South Florida College of Nursing, Tampa.
The author s purpose was to explore the health concerns of women with HIV/AIDS. Eleven HIV-positive women were interviewed using the Omaha System to organize the interview data for content analysis. Data were classified into environmental, health-behavioral, physiological, and psychosocial concerns. Comparisons of the
Nicholas DE; Howard University College of Nursing, Washington, DC.
Howard University traditionally has educated leaders to focus on underserved minorities in the inner city. The magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, which disproportionately affects poor and disenfranchised minority groups in the United States , underscores the need for specially prepared
Waldmann TA; White JD; Goldman CK; Top L; Grant A; Bamford R; Roessler E; Horak ID; Zaknoen S; Kasten-Sportes C; et al; Metabolism Branch and Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer; Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a malignancy of mature lymphocytes caused by the retrovirus human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I). It is an aggressive leukemia with an overall mortality rate of 50% within 5 months; no conventional chemotherapy regimen appears successful in inducing long-term disease-free survival
Blood. 1993 Oct 1;82(7):2017-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94003250
Ikeda S; Momita S; Kinoshita K; Kamihira S; Moriuchi Y; Tsukasaki K; Ito M; Kanda T; Moriuchi R; Nakamura T; et al; Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine,; Japan.
To characterize the prodromal phase of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a prospective follow-up study was conducted on 50 carriers in a putative pre-ATL state. This state was defined by the presence of molecularly-detectable monoclonal proliferation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T lymphocytes, and
Blood. 1993 Oct 1;82(7):2196-202. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94003274
Porter CD; Parkar MH; Levinsky RJ; Collins MK; Kinnon C; Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Child; Health, London, United Kingdom.
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited immunodeficiency resulting from the inability of an individual s phagocytes to produce superoxide anions because of defective NADPH oxidase. The disease may be treated by bone marrow transplantation and as such is a candidate for somatic gene therapy. Two thirds of p
Blood. 1993 Oct 15;82(8):2501-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94003317
Kondo A; Imada K; Hattori T; Yamabe H; Tanaka T; Miyasaka M; Okuma M; Uchiyama T; First Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Anatomic; Pathology, Kyoto University, Japan.
We have made a model of in vivo cell proliferation of leukemic cells from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients using severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or lymph node cells (LNC) depleted of B cells and monocytes were intraperitoneally injected into SCID mice treated
Di Candilo E; Bassotti G; Marroni M; Baldelli F; Morelli A; Istituto di Malattie Infettive, Universita degli Studi di; Perugia, Italy.
Diarrhoea is a common symptom among HIV-infected subjects. An infective cause is often missed. However, more recent knowledge about pathogens has led to the identification of newly recognized unusual microorganisms, such as Microsporidia. We report a case of infestation with these agents in an HIV-infected subject wit
Corboy JR; Price RW; University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Department of; Neurology, Minneapolis 55455-0323.
Spinal epidural abscess is a rare infection that is usually treated with surgery and antibiotics. A small number of patients have been treated with medical therapy alone. We review several recent series of spinal epidural abscess and discuss the controversy surrounding the use of medical therapy alone. We also review
Within an operating department, the health workers are subjected to various real or potential hazards, from laser rays to contamination by blood. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is just one of the reasons why gloves are worn for all procedures where contamination is possible. Various types of rubber or vinyl gl
Math Biosci. 1993 Sep-Oct;117(1-2):19-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94003683
Billard L; Zhao Z; Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens; 30602-1952.
As our understanding of the dynamics of the transmission of the HIV virus toward diagnosis of AIDS increases, numerous models are being developed to help explain the underlying mechanism. We show that many of the models established so far in the literature are examples of a general class of multi-stage epidemic models
An improved version of a previously described compartmental dynamic model for the spread of the HIV virus and AIDS is presented in which the estimation of key parameters depends entirely on the use of good public health data. This means that practical applications to specific regions, using only local data, can be of
Math Biosci. 1993 Sep-Oct;117(1-2):253-69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94003688
Chen G; Yang GL; Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park; 20742.
Data on the incubation period of AIDS patients are often fragmented and censored. parametric models have been proposed in the literature to impute the missing segment of the incubation period. The numerical results vary widely with the parametric models used. We propose a nonparametric conditional bootstrap (CB) proce
In this paper we investigate the effects of variable infectivity on the spread of HIV in a heterosexual population where pair formation and separation are taken into account. We calculate the basic reproduction ratio as a function of the number of new partners during the infectious period, keeping the total number of
Travel medicine becomes more important with the continual expansion of international travel and the increased popularity of exotic holiday destinations. In the United Kingdom general practitioners provide the bulk of travel health advice and immunisation and there is growing interest i
Bitterman N; Bitterman H; Kinarty A; Melamed Y; Lahat N; Israeli Naval Hyperbaric Institute, Haifa.
We studied the effect of a single exposure to a therapeutic profile of hyperbaric oxygen on blood mononuclear cell subset. Twenty healthy volunteers were exposed to 0.28 MPa for 90 min. Thirteen breathed pure oxygen and seven were control subjects exposed to compressed air at the same pressure. Venous blood samples we
Klee H; Faculty of Community Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University,; UK.
The incidence of HIV infection among women in Europe and the US is growing rapidly. Women who inject drugs are particularly vulnerable--they may acquire the infection through sharing injecting equipment and through sexual contact with an infected male. Opioids and stimulants are reputed to have different effects upon
Keene J; Stimson GV; Jones S; Parry-Langdon N; Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical; School, University of London, UK.
This paper considers the prevention of HIV in rural and urban areas among both opiate and non-opiate drug injectors. A 2-year study evaluated specialist and community based syringe-exchange provision in Wales. Numbers of clients and patterns of attendance at eight syringe-exchange schemes were monitored together with
Stinson FS; DeBakey SF; Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, Cygnus Corporation,; Washington, DC 20005.
Estimates of the prevalence of various alcohol problems (DSM-III-R alcohol abuse/dependence, heavier drinking, and consuming 5 or more/9 or more drinks per occasion) were examined for a general population group of 29,155 persons age 18 years and older at self-reported risk for contracting AIDS by several definitions.
Natl Med J India. 1993 Jul-Aug;6(4):156-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94004441
Nandi J; Banerjee K; Thakar M; Bhavalkar V; Rodrigues J; National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
BACKGROUND. Unprotected sex can lead to transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) to the spouse of an infected individual. We studied the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the spouses of cases diagnosed to have HIV-1 infection by serology and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS. Blood samples c
Protein Sci. 1993 Sep;2(9):1511-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94004490
Colovos C; Yeates TO; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California,; Los Angeles 90024-1569.
A novel method for differentiating between correctly and incorrectly determined regions of protein structures based on characteristic atomic interaction is described. Different types of atoms are distributed nonrandomly with respect to each other in proteins. Errors in model building lead to more randomized distributi
The growing incidence of HIV infection and AIDS has generated panic, fear, anxiety, and negative attitudes among the general public. As an illness, HIV infection and AIDS have become the new sources of stigma. This article explores the stigma, rejection, and loneliness of 25 individuals with known HIV-infection/AIDS,
Bone Marrow Transplant. 1993 Aug;12(2):167-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94004700
Jootar S; Angchaisuksiri P; Chiewsilp P; Sathapatayavongs B; Chuncharunee S; Tanprasert S; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi; Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
We report a 41-year-old woman who underwent ABMT for non-Hodgkin s lymphoma during her third CR. Her post-transplant course was complicated by interstitial pneumonitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, cytopenia and episodes of infection from herpes zoster virus and Staphylococcus aureus. She
Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 1993 Jul;19(7):248-63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94005289
Owens DK; Nease RF Jr; Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Veterans; Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA.
BACKGROUND: The growth in guidance development projects has focused attention on the methods used in developing the guideline. For a guideline to be sound it should be linked on the basis of scientific evidence to the very health outcome that the guideline is designed to promote. METHODS: Structuring a health interven
Hancock EB; Newell DH; Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202-5186.
Two interesting populations in periodontology have emerged this year. National and international reports have indicated that inflammatory periodontal disease is widespread in adolescents, although most of the cases of disease are considered to be in a reversible stage. Nevertheless, the attachment loss present portend
Ryder MI; School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco.
The HIV-associated periodontal diseases present unique challenges to the dental practitioner. The presence and severity of HIV-associated gingivitis, HIV-associated periodontitis, and possibly necrotizing ulcerative gingivostomatitis, and other oral lesions may indicate the presence and staging of HIV infection. In ge
Sweeney BJ; Miller RF; Harrison MJ; Department of Neurology, University College of London Medical; School, Middlesex Hospital.
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a progressive, usually fatal, demyelinating disease of the CNS that is associated with infection of oligodendrocytes by the papovavirus JC. The incidence of PML is rising as a consequence of the AIDS epidemic.
C R Acad Sci III. 1993;316(4):437-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94005833
Galacteros F; Amaudric F; Prehu C; Feingold N; Doucet-Populaire F; Sobel A; Rosa J; INSERM U91 et Service de Biochimie, Hopital Henri-Mondor,; Creteil, France.
Few abnormalities have been described up to know in the red cell lineage of HIV patients except for a slight anemia. To better interpret this, a hemoglobin study was performed in a group of 71 HIV infected patients. By contrast to patients at stage II or III, those at stage IV of the disease had moderate elevation of
Cheng DL; Liu YC; Liu WT; Liu CY; Yen MY; Wang JH; Wang WW; Lin HH; Chen YS; Wang JH; Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung &; Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
From July 1986 through June 1990, 33,199 sera from various risk groups were collected in Veterans General Hospital-Taipei for detection of antibody against human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). Sixty-five samples were proved positive by Western blot analysis. Among individual high risk groups, hemophiliacs had
Chao Y; Wang SS; Lee MY; Chen CJ; Chang FY; Wong WW; Liu CY; Lee SD; Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei,; National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Endoscopic experience in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has rarely been reported in Taiwan . We present our experience in 9 AIDS patients (8 male and 1 female, age from 26 to 63 years) with 12 examinations. T
Can Med Assoc J. 1993 Oct 1;149(7):945-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94006010
Lamothe F; Bruneau J; Coates R; Rankin JG; Soto J; Arshinoff R; Brabant M; Vincelette J; Fauvel M; Centre de recherche clinique Andre-Viallet, Hopital Saint-Luc,; Montreal, Que.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of antibodies to HIV-1 and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among injection drug users. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey. A venous blood sample was taken for HIV-1 antibody testing. SETTING: Montreal and Toronto. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 810 subjects who had used injection drugs in t
Cancer. 1993 Nov 1;72(9):2686-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94006087
Itoh T; Shiota M; Takanashi M; Hojo I; Satoh H; Matsuzawa A; Moriyama T; Watanabe T; Hirai K; Mori S; Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
BACKGROUND. Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most difficult neoplasms to transplant into nude mice. Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) accept various human cancers much more efficiently than do nude mice. The authors investigated whether SCID mice could be used as convenient hosts in w
Cancer. 1993 Nov 1;72(9):2700-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94006089
Wilks RJ; LaGrenade L; Hanchard B; Campbell M; Murphy J; Cranston B; Blattner WA; Manns A; Department of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Kingston,; Jamaica.
BACKGROUND. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection is endemic in Jamaica , with an estimated crude seroprevalence of 5%. Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL), a disease caused by HTLV-I, has an incidence of 1-2/100,000 in the Jamaican population. Familial ATL has
Cancer Res. 1993 Oct 1;53(19):4481-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94006221
Zauli G; Gibellini D; Milani D; Mazzoni M; Borgatti P; La Placa M; Capitani S; Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Ferrara, Italy.
We report here that the tat gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was able to protect lymphoblastoid (Jurkat), epithelial (293) and neuronal (PC12) cell lines from apoptotic death induced by serum withdrawal. The rescue from apoptosis by Tat was reflected by an increased expression of Bcl-2 protein in ta
Investigations of the authors patients with HIV infection revealed marked changes in the C3 and C4 components of complement. Of 61 investigated patients with HIV infection only 23 patients (37.7%) had values of the C3 component at the level recorded in controls. Values of the C4 component comparable with the control
Zapp ML; Stern S; Green MR; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts; Medical Center, Worcester 01605.
Replication of RNA viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is dependent upon multiple specific interactions between viral RNAs and viral and cellular proteins. A small molecule that interferes specifically with one or more of these RNA-protein interactions could be an efficacious antiviral agent. Here
Bourin P; Mansour I; Doinel C; Roue R; Rouger P; Levi F; Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armees Jean Julliard,; Clamart, France.
Antiviral immunity involves NK cells, which circulate rhythmically every 24 hours. We have investigated circadian and 12-hour rhythms in the peripheral count of circulating NK cells in 15 men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 13 healthy controls. We analyzed three phenotypes using double-labeling wi
Sakurai M; Sugano M; Handa H; Komai T; Yagi R; Nishigaki T; Yabe Y; New Lead Research Laboratory, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
Inhibitors of the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) were designed and synthesized. A reduced peptide, simple aminoalcohol, and statine analog, 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid (AHPPA), were inserted at the scissile site of substrate sequences of HIV-1 protease. While both reduced peptides
Sakurai M; Higashida S; Sugano M; Nishi T; Saito F; Ohata Y; Handa H; Komai T; Yagi R; Nishigaki T; et al; Bioscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors containing four types of hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteres were designed and synthesized. These inhibitors consist of eight stereoisomers of phenylalanylproline (Phe-psi[H.E.]-Pro), four stereoisomers
Fabbri S; Prontera C; Broggini M; D'Incalci M; Laboratory of Cancer Chemotherapy, Istituto di Ricerche; Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Nitrogen mustard (HN2) and quinacrine mustard (QM) both inhibited the binding of NF kappa B to the GC-rich consensus sequence in the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR), as assessed by gel-shift assays. QM also inhibited the binding of OTF-1 to the AT-rich octamer present in the H2B promoter whereas HN2 was inactive. Inhib
Sehgal VN; Gupta R; Bose M; Saha K; Department of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi,; India.
Granulomas of lupus vulgaris were characterized by a raised CD4+/CD8+ ratio, while in scrofuloderma this was significantly decreased. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis showed intermediate changes. These immunological variations suggest that cutaneous tuberculosis forms a spectrum with strong cell-mediated immunity seen in
Bansal AS; Green LM; Khoo SH; Pumphrey RS; Haeney MR; Mandal BK; Department of Immunology, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
Using a flow cytometric method, CD4+, CD8+, alpha beta TCR+ and TCR variable region gene product (TVRGP)-specific T cells were analysed in healthy heterosexual males (HHeM), HIV-seronegative homosexual males (SNHM), asymptomatic seropositive homosexual males (ASPH) and homosexual males with AIDS who were either well (
Carr A; Tindall B; Penny R; Cooper DA; Centre for Immunology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Hypersensitivity to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in patients with HIV infection may be a result of either immune dysregulation, a direct cytotoxicity of the SMX-hydroxylamine metabolite (SMX-HA) (rather than SMX per se), or glutathione deficiency. We evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of SMX and SMX-HA to
Rahimpour R; Anderson CC; Sinclair NR; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western; Ontario, London, Canada.
Concomitant ligation of antigen receptors with Fc-receptors negatively signals B cells. Antibodies to the Fc portion of IgG prevent this negative Fc-signalling, provided that these antibodies do not emit Fc signals. Prevention of Fc signals leads to augmented antibody responses to self and foreign antigens, and reduce
Ali A; Patterson S; Cruickshank K; Rudge P; Dalgleish AG; Knight SC; Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow,; Middlesex, UK.
Evidence supporting a role of the dendritic cell (DC) in stimulating autologous T cell activity in tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) was sought by studies of cells taken from healthy volunteers and exposed to HTLV-1 in vitro. DC were co-cultured with an HTLV-1-producing cell line (MT-2) at 1:1 or 10:1 ratios. These D
Landay AL; Mackewicz CE; Levy JA; Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St.; Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612-3864.
We have examined the relation of cell surface marker phenotype to the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) function of CD8+ cells from individuals at various clinical stages of HIV infection. Multiparametric flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the most significant changes in cell surface phenotype was found w
Chopra RK; Raj NB; Scally JP; Cappuccio WR; Nagel JE; Saah AJ; Margolick JB; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Hygiene; and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
We investigated whether reduction of the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferative response of lymphocytes from HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected (HIV+) individuals could be explained by overproduction of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), a strong inhibitor of T cell proliferation. PHA-stimulated PBMC fro
Grossman Z; Bentwich Z; Herberman RB; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of; Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Viewing the immune system as part of an adaptive communication network, rather than merely a coalition of effectors, we argue that the alterations in the immune system that occur in HIV-infected patients, generally considered to be abnormalities, cannot be attributed directly to deleterious effects of the virus on CD4
Hermier F; Comby E; Delaunay A; Petitjean J; Favennec L; Bazin C; Freymuth F; Ballet JJ; Laboratory of Immunology and Immunopathology, CHRU Clemenceau,; Caen, France.
The significance of blood TcR gamma delta+ lymphocyte level was evaluated in the context of immunodeficiency and infections in 209 HIV-1-infected patients. Blood TcR gamma delta+ lymphocyte values were found higher in patients belonging to the CDC group II/III than those in the CDC groups IV C1 and IV D (P
De Marchi S; Pirisi M; Ferraccioli GF; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University; of Udine, Italy.
The red-cell mass is continuously adjusted to the optimal size for its function as an oxygen carrier by messages transmitted to the bone marrow from an oxygen sensor in the kidney. These messages are mediated by the hormone erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein growth factor synthesized by cells adjacent to
Meyer MA; Frey KA; Schwaiger M; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical; Center, Ann Arbor.
A 29-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative intravenous drug abuser with a right hemispheric staphylococcal brain abscess underwent PET imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) brain uptake. Diffuse right cortical hypometabolism was noted, as well as crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Unlike previous PET findings o
Beutler B; Grau GE; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern; Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9050.
OBJECTIVES: To review the immunologic role of the cytokines and the specific role that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays in response to infection. The influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on TNF, the cytokine cascade, and resultant pathologies are also reviewed. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search of the international
Ekdahl K; Eriksson L; Rollof J; Miorner H; Griph H; Lofgren B; Department of Infectious Diseases, Lund University Hospital,; Sweden.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen brush technique has become an established method for etiologic diagnosis in severe forms of pulmonary infections during recent years. In this study, including 62 bronchoscopies in 53 patients, a standardized program, covering all important pulm
Ayers J; Howton MJ; Layon AJ; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of; Medicine, Gainesville.
OBJECTIVE: To compare complications after and outcome from surgical procedures between patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and a matched control population. DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: 476-bed university tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Of 343 patients diagnosed as having HIV diseas
Cendan I; Klapholz A; Talavera W; Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Cabrini Medical; Center, New York.
We report a case of a 47-year-old man with AIDS who presented with fever, cough and a lingular infiltrate. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial exophytic mass with extensive purulent exudate which on Gram stain and cytology from bronchial washings revealed Actinomyces infection. There was a clini
Schaumberg TH; Schnapp LM; Taylor KG; Golden JA; Pulmonary Division, University of California at San Francisco.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common pulmonary complication of AIDS and is typically diagnosed by the identification of P carinii organisms in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or tissue obtained with transbronchial biopsy. We describe two HIV-seropositive patients with pleural effusions in whom
Northfelt DW; Sollitto RA; Miller TR; Hollander H; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
A patient with AIDS and a history of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma developed a generalized illness associated with the appearance of multiple pulmonary nodules on a chest radiograph. Cytomegalovirus infection was demonstrated by needle aspiration cytology. The patient s symptoms and radio
Tenholder MF; Jackson HD; Medical College of Georgia, VA Medical Center, Augusta.
As the HIV epidemic continues and the patients are closely followed throughout the course of the illness from HIV seropositivity to depressed total CD4 counts, the natural history of lung cancer in this population is evolving. HIV-infected patients with lung cancer are in general younger men with significant smoking h
Lucet JC; Bailly MP; Bedos JP; Wolff M; Gachot B; Vachon F; Department of Infectious Disease, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital,; Paris, France.
PURPOSE: To describe the presentation and clinical course of septic shock due to Toxoplasma gondii in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 1988 to February 1992, nine HIV-infected patients were admitted because of predominant septic shock (7 patients) or devel
Kwan T; Karve MM; Emerole O; Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Health; Science Center, Brooklyn.
Thirty-seven consecutive cases of cardiac tamponade occurring over a 6-year period were retrospectively studied from January 1986 to December 1991 in an inner-city public teaching hospital. All episodes were secondary to medical illnesses. Thirteen (35 percent) of 37 patients had HIV infection. Significant differences
Boon ES; Graal MB; van Noord JA; Department of Respiratory Diseases, De Wever Hospital, Heerlen,; The Netherlands.
A 63-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with fever and bilateral, peripheral infiltrates. Infectious disease and malignancy seemed to be excluded by fiberoptic diagnostic procedures. Subsequently, respiratory insufficiency developed, making open lung biopsy impossible. The diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans
Chung Hua Nei Ko Tsa Chih. 1993 Feb;32(2):88-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94008296
Deng LH; Yu JR; Xie GL; Department of hematology, First school of clinical Medicine,; Beijing Medical University.
Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was studied in 37 patients with chronic ITP (including 27 active cases and 10 inactive cases) and 37 sex and age group matched healthy controls. AMLR was markedly decreased in all the patients of both active and inactive groups (P
Ekong T; Gompels M; Clark C; Parkin J; Pinching A; Department of Immunology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School,; Paddington, London, United Kingdom.
An unusual double-staining artefact has been repeatedly observed in certain individuals (both HIV-positive and healthy laboratory controls) during 2-colour immunophenotyping of lymphocytes by flow cytometry after red cell lysis. This artefact can falsely suggest co-expression of CD4 and CD8, as well as some of the oth
Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Aug;101(3):246-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94008892
York DM; Darden TA; Pedersen LG; Anderson MW; Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of; Environment Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease is inhibited in vitro by zinc ions at neutral pH. The binding site of these ions is not known; however, experimental data suggest that binding may occur in the active site. To examine the possibility of zinc binding in the active site, molecular dynamics simulations in the
Health Psychol. 1993 Jul;12(4):259-68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94008930
Chesney MA; UCSF Prevention Sciences Group 94105.
An increasing focus on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important given the role of health psychology in preventing further spread of the epidemic and in maintaining quality of life in the estimated 1,500,000 Americans who are now infected. HIV presents health psychology with challenges reflecting 5 trends in
Health Psychol. 1993 Jul;12(4):313-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94008938
Kline A; Strickler J; New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton.
In this article factors associated with the self-perceived risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were examined using data obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 155 current and former drug-using women in methadone maintenance. Results suggest that drug-involved women are realistic in their self-percept
EMBO J. 1993 Oct;12(10):3879-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94008995
Stein B; Baldwin AS Jr; Ballard DW; Greene WC; Angel P; Herrlich P; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North; Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599.
NF-kappa B and AP-1 represent distinct mammalian transcription factors that target unique DNA enhancer elements. The heterodimeric NF-kappa B complex is typically composed of two DNA binding subunits, NF-kappa B p50 and NF-kappa B p65, which share structural homology with the c-rel proto-oncogene product. Similarly, t
Ethiop Med J. 1993 Jul;31(3):201-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94009027
Guebre-Xabier M; Nurilign A; Gebre-Hiwot A; Hailu A; Sissay Y; Getachew E; Frommel D; Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.
In Ethiopia the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii has been determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One thousand and sixteen sera collected in six different geographical regions were analyzed. Antibody titres > 15 IU/ml were detected in 74.4% of
Radkowski M; Laskus T; Goch A; Slusarczyk J; Department of Immunopathology, Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland.
Anti-gp41 antibody affinity was investigated prospectively in 25 patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-1 infection for a period of 9-42 months. Major differences in the processes of immune response maturation towards gp41 were observed among individual subjects, however, antibody affinity increased with time
Van Ameijden EJ; Van den Hoek JA; Mientjes GH; Coutinho RA; Department of Public Health and Environment, Municipal Health; Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
In the present study data on the incidence of HBV and HCV were used to indicate the prevalence of and trends in risk behavior, assuming that drug users (DUs) who become infected with HBV or HCV are also at risk for infection with HIV. In addition, we determined to that extent the transmission patterns of HIV, HBV and
Morales MM; Llopis A; Ballester ML; Sanjuan L; Unidad de Salud Publica, Higiene y Sanidad Ambiental, Valencia,; Spain.
We studied the incidence of TB and TB-AIDS in the area served by La Fe hospital in Valencia. We also studied the different evolution of the incidence of TB and TB-AIDS during the 1985-1989 period. We noticed the progressive increase of the incidence of TB in AIDS patients, while the incidence of TB without AIDS remain
FEBS Lett. 1993 Sep 27;331(1-2):43-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94009644
Julian N; Demene H; Morellet N; Maigret B; Roques BP; Departement de Pharmacochimie Moleculaire et Structurale, U266; INSERM-URA D1500 CNRS, Faculte de Pharmacie, Paris, France.
The nucleocapsid protein NCp7 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which is necessary for the formation of infectious virions, contains two zinc fingers of the Cys-X2-Cys-X4-His-X4-Cys form. To elucidate the importance of this particular motif, well conserved in retroviruses and retroelements, we substitute
VanLandingham MJ; Suprasert S; Sittitrai W; Vaddhanaphuti C; Grandjean N; Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
We use data collected in 1991 to investigate sexual activity among never-married men in Thailand , with a focus on age at first intercourse, characteristics of sexual partners, and conditions under which men visit prostitutes. We sampled men from a broad spectrum of northern Thai
FASEB J. 1993 Oct;7(13):1226-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94010069
Mucke L; Eddleston M; Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La; Jolla, California 92037.
The central nervous system (CNS) can be invaded and damaged by a variety of microbes. The host response to such injury involves CNS cells, and in many cases hematogenous cells also. Recent experiments indicate that astrocytes, macroglial resident cells of the CNS, play key roles in this process. The astroglial product
Buckley SL; Molpus K; Carr MB; Jones HW 3d; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University; Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
Many malignancies appear to occur with increased frequency and aggressive patterns of spread in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The relationship between HIV infection and cervical neoplasia suggests that these patients present with more advanced disease and demonstrate poor response to th
AIDS causes disabling symptoms during its chronic and terminal phases. Families throughout the world, whether related to the patient by blood or affection, provide most of the personal care for him or her at home during these phases. Whether the family has access to advanced medical care or not, they can be taught sim
Indian J Med Res. 1993 Jul;97:151-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011119
Ray D; Saha K; Krishna KS; Department of Chest Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore.
A marked elevation of serum IgE level (6939 +/- 5651 IU/ml) was observed in 20 untreated and drug sensitive patients with sputum AFB positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Of them 18 were freshly diagnosed and were totally untreated. Their mean serum IgE level was 6715 +/- 5545 IU/ml. The remaining two patients presented wi
Smith PD; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine,; Birmingham.
In conclusion, diarrheal illnesses remain a major clinical problem for patients infected with HIV-1, particularly those with AIDS. Opportunistic enteric pathogens for which there is no effective treatment, the emergence of new opportunistic agents, and the enlarging patterns of drug resistance continue to challenge us
Doyle PS; Crabb J; Petersen C; Parasitology Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital,; University of California 94110.
Cryptosporidium parvum causes acute diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals and a severe life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals, including AIDs patients. No efficacious therapy for cryptosporidiosis has yet been reported. However, treatment of some patients with cryptosporidiosis with hyperimmune bo
Swoboda RK; Bertram G; Hollander H; Greenspan D; Greenspan JS; Gow NA; Gooday GW; Brown AJ; Marischal College, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
A cDNA library was made with mRNA from Candida albicans grown under conditions favoring the hyphal form. The library was screened for sequences that encode immunogenic proteins by using pooled sera from five patients with oral candidiasis and five uninfected patients. Most of these patients were human immunodeficiency
Wiest PM; Johnson JH; Flanigan TP; International Health Institute, Miriam Hospital, Brown; University, Providence, Rhode Island 02906.
No effective therapy exists for Cryptosporidium parvum, a coccidial protozoan parasite that causes severe diarrhea in patients with AIDS. The role of microtubules in parasite invasion of host cells was investigated by incubating 10(7) oocysts with a HT 29.74 cell line for 24 h in the presence of microtubule-disrupting
Simian-immunodeficiency-virus(SIV)-infected cynomolgus monkeys develop B-cell lymphomas in approximately one third of the cases. We have now studied the expression of cynomolgus-Epstein-Barr-virus(cyno-EBV) nuclear antigens in 13 cyno-EBV-carrying SIVsm-associated monkey lymphomas and established cell lines from 3 of
Int J Addict. 1993 Aug;28(10):973-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011555
Gibson DR; Choi KH; Catania JA; Sorensen JL; Kegeles S; Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California,; San Francisco 94143.
This study examined the relationship between health beliefs and needle sharing in a sample of 226 heroin detoxification clients. Zero-order correlations revealed that needle sharing was positively associated with perceived susceptibility and AIDS anxiety, and negatively associated with self-efficacy and communication
Int J Addict. 1993 Aug;28(10):983-96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011556
Longshore D; Hsieh S; Danila B; Anglin MD; Drug Abuse Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles; 90024.
Drug users who inject drugs while in treatment share needles/syringes less often than users not in treatment. This relationship may reflect treatment processes, such as cognitive or normative change, by which treatment clients are influenced to lower their HIV infection risk. However, reduced needle/syringe sharing am
Int J Addict. 1993 Aug;28(10):997-1014. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011557
Johnson J; Williams ML; Affiliated Systems Corporation, Houston, Texas 77027-6022.
This article presents a preliminary ethnographic decision tree model of the needle sharing and HIV risk decision-making processes common to injection drug users (IDUs) in Houston, Texas. Ethnographic tree decision modeling is a rigorous qualitative method used to understand and predict how and why people in certain gr
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1993 Aug;15(6):673-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011582
Gallicchio VS; Hughes NK; Tse KF; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0084.
Zidovudine ( AZT ) has been the drug of choice in the treatment of human AIDS; however, associated with the use of zidovudine has been the development of hematopoietic toxicity, the mechanism of which is not clearly defined. We report here studies desig
Int J Dermatol. 1993 Sep;32(9):664-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011632
Smith KJ; Skelton HG; Hawks C; Yeager J; Wagner KF; Department of Dermatology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center,; Bethesda, MD.
BACKGROUND. In patients with HIV-1 disease there has been an increasing association with human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in multiple locations as well as an increase in associated tumors. In addition, there has been increased recovery of HPV in individuals with decreasing T4 cell counts. CASE REPORT. Recently w
Int Ophthalmol. 1993 Apr;17(2):101-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011655
Mietz H; Heimann K; Kuhn J; Wieland U; Eggers HJ; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Koln,; Germany.
Assay of human vitreous specimens obtained postmortem for HIV antibodies, or HIV p24 antigen, is reported to be a reliable technique to demonstrate HIV infection in possible cornea donors from whom serum could not be obtained. We tested three vitreous samples obtained during vitrectomy from two HIV-positive patients.
Neumann-Haefelin D; Fleps U; Renne R; Schweizer M; Abteilung Virologie, Universitat Freiburg, BRD.
Foamy viruses share complex genome organization with lentiviruses and certain oncoviruses. The open reading frame 3 of env encodes a transcriptional transactivator. Distinct responsive sequences were identified in the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of simian (SFV-1 and SFV-3) and human foamy viruses (HFV). Transactivat
Jahn G; Plachter B; Institut fur Klinische und Molekulare Virologie der Universitat; Erlangen-Nurnberg, BRD.
Infections with persistent viruses such as herpesviruses have become of significant clinical importance with the increasing number of immunocompromised patients at risk to suffer from severe disease. As antiviral chemotherapy is available for herpesvirus infections, the diagnostic methods for rapid and sensitive detec
Ir J Med Sci. 1993 Jul;162(7):252-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011829
Keenan E; Dorman A; O'Connor J; Drug Treatment Centre Board, Dublin.
Forty five pregnant addicts had attended the National Drug Treatment Centre between 1984-1986. At that time they received intensive counselling, low dose Methadone maintenance and both ante natal and post natal care. Our aim was to follow these women six years later focusing on their drug use and outcome of their chil
Fernandez ES; Troutman HT; Herbert B; Condoluci DV; Bureau of Primary Health Care, Health Resources and Services; Administration (HRSA), Rockville, Md 20857.
Efforts to fully integrate physicians infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into residency programs have been complicated by concerns of the potential risks of viral transmission from physician to patient. Despite numerous studies, this potential risk has not been quantified. This article addresses the
Kushida S; Matsumura M; Tanaka H; Ami Y; Hori M; Kobayashi M; Uchida K; Yagami K; Kameyama T; Yoshizawa T; et al; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba,; Ibaraki.
We intravenously injected Ra-1 cells or MT-2 cells into female adult WKA rats. Spastic paraparesis mainly in the hind-limbs was observed in 1 out of 2 Ra-1 cell-injected WKA rats and in 3 out of 8 MT-2 cell-injected WKA rats 20-27 months after injection. The main neuropathological finding was symmetrical white matter
Kamihira S; Nakashima S; Saitoh S; Kawamoto M; Kawashima Y; Shimamoto M; Blood Transfusion Service, School of Medicine, Nagasaki; University.
A fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay was developed for the detection of antibodies to HTLV-I. We used partially purified viral antigens coated on small polystyrene beads together with acridinium ester-labeled anti-human immunoglobulin G mouse immunoglobulin G in this method. A good agreement was observed be
Health Care Women Int. 1993 May-Jun;14(3):301-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94012260
Rozmus C; Edgil AE
We surveyed the knowledge of and attitudes about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) of 236 women living in a rural community. The design of the study was descriptive, using the AIDS Knowledge and Belief Survey. There was a significant positive correlation between attitude scores and knowledge scores. Women who
De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
Agents available to treat herpesvirus infections include idoxuridine, trifluridine, vidarabine and acyclovir for the topical treatment of herpetic eye infections; vidarabine and acyclovir for the systemic (intravenous) treatment of herpes encephalitis; acyclovir for the topical
Since 1987 major advances have been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and the possible inhibition of the HIV virus. Various drugs targeted to the different steps of viral replication have been selected, but drugs such as soluble CD4 or dextran derivatives aimed to inhibit or interfere with the
Turano A; Caruso A; Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita Degli Studi di Brescia,; Italy.
Natural antibodies to gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) were detected in the serum of viral infected patients and also in the serum of healthy subjects at a lower titre. The increased titres of antibodies to IFN-gamma in sera from viral infected patients, and their decrease with clinical resolution, indicates that these an
Fiser MP; Landwehr LP; Arkansas Allergy Clinic, Little Rock.
Identification of latex sensitive individuals can be life saving. The American College of Allergy and Immunology has put forth the following recommendations: 1) Just as patients are routinely asked preoperatively about allergy to medications prior to treatment, a careful history should be obtained from every patient p
Franklin AA; Kubik MF; Uittenbogaard MN; Brauweiler A; Utaisincharoen P; Matthews MA; Dynan WS; Hoeffler JP; Nyborg JK; Department of Biochemistry, Colorado State University, Fort; Collins 80523.
The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-encoded transcriptional activator protein Tax is strongly implicated in HTLV-I pathogenesis. Tax regulates HTLV-I gene expression through three 21-base pair (bp) repeat enhancer elements located in the transcriptional control region of the virus. Tax does not bind these
Katayanagi K; Ishikawa M; Okumura M; Ariyoshi M; Kanaya S; Kawano Y; Suzuki M; Tanaka I; Morikawa K; Protein Engineering Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
In order to investigate the relationships between the three-dimensional structure and the enzymic activity of E. coli RNase HI, three mutant proteins, which were completely inactivated by the replacements of three functional residues, Asp10 by Asn (D10N), Glu48 by Gln (E48Q), and Asp70 by Asn (D70N), were crystallized
J Chromatogr. 1993 Aug 11;617(2):299-303. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94013209
Garcia-Barcelo M; Luquin M; Belda F; Ausina V; Departamento de Genetica y Microbiologia, Universidad Autonoma; de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
Gas chromatographic analysis of whole-cell fatty acids, secondary alcohols and mycolic acid cleavage products could be a useful technique in checking mixed mycobacterial cultures. The mixed cultures were confirmed when species-specific compounds of different mycobacterial species were detected in the same chromatogram
Mulligan K; Grunfeld C; Hellerstein MK; Neese RA; Schambelan M; Division of Endocrinology, San Francisco General Hospital,; California 94110.
Body wasting, characterized by disproportionate loss of body cell mass, is a feature of many chronic diseases, including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therapies that merely increase energy intake do not consistently restore body cell mass in patients with the wasting syndrome. Because treatmen
Raboud JM; Sherlock C; Schechter MT; Lepine DG; O'Shaughnessy MV; Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British; Columbia, Canada.
Data from two seroprevalence studies and one comparative study of confirmatory algorithms were used to compare the costs and sensitivities of six algorithms for determining seropositivity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We evaluated confirmatory strategies by using the CBC Recombigen HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA
We sought evidence of toxoplasma parasitemia among 37 people with active or dormant Toxoplasma gondii infection or no evidence of infection. DNA was extracted from erythrocyte-free portions of blood samples, and the T. gondii B1 gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Evidence of T. gondii parasitemia was
Verschoor EJ; van Vliet AL; Egberink HF; Hesselink W; Horzinek MC; de Ronde A; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary; Faculty, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
The gag and env genes of the feline immunodeficiency virus strain UT113 were cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector. The recombinant plasmids were used to create recombinant baculoviruses that expressed either the gag or the env precursor protein in insect cells (Sf9 cells). Leader sequence cleavage occurred in Sf9
Gadea I; Zapardiel J; Ruiz P; Gegundez MI; Esteban J; Soriano F; Department of Medical Microbiology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz,; Madrid, Spain.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis grew, from a bronchoalveolar lavage of a patient with AIDS, on a gentamicin-supplemented cell culture monolayer, causing a focal and slowly spreading cytopathic effect resembling that of a virological isolate. The same effect was observed after inoculation of two different inocula of M. tube
Sakai M; Eguchi K; Terada K; Nakashima M; Yamashita I; Ida H; Kawabe Y; Aoyagi T; Takino H; Nakamura T; et al; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School; of Medicine, Japan.
The present study was performed to clarify the relationship between human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection and chronic inflammatory arthropathy. To determine the ability of HTLV-I to infect synovial cells and the effect on synovial cell proliferation, synovial cells were cocultured with the HTLV-I-p
van Gool T; Snijders F; Reiss P; Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK; van den Bergh Weerman MA; Bartelsman JF; Bruins JJ; Canning EU; Dankert J; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
AIMS--To assess the value of a new rapid fluorescence method for the diagnosis of microsporidiosis in HIV seropositive patients. METHODS--Microsporidian spores in stools were demonstrated by using the fluorochrome stain Uvitex 2B. The new technique was evaluated in thr
Liang GS; Daikos GL; Serfling U; Zhu WY; Pecoraro M; Leonardi CL; Fischl MA; Penneys NS; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of; Miami School of Medicine, Florida.
BACKGROUND: Patients with HIV infection can have recurrent and persistent oral ulcers, not attributable to known infectious agents. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate prospectively oral ulcers in patients with HIV infection to determine whether an etiologic agent could be identified. METHODS: Sixteen patients with HIV
Trattner A; Hodak E; David M; Neeman A; Sandbank M; Department of Dermatology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva,; Israel.
Kaposi s sarcoma has been reported in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, most of whom are organ transplant recipients. The development of Kaposi s sarcoma after treatment with corticosteroids has been reported in only 38 patients who have not had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or undergone organ transpl
Bennett ME; Weyant RJ; Simon M; University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, PA 15261.
We examined predictors of dental student s belief that they should be allowed to refuse treatment to HIV-infected persons. We surveyed 181 first; second-, and fourth-year dental students at a large urban university using a 44-item, self-administered anonymous questionnaire and a measure of dispositional optimism. Seve
Molinari JA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy; School of Dentistry 48207.
What can be done to preserve the high standards of patient care, give reasonable assurances to patients and acknowledge the rights of health care workers? Conscientious adherence to infection control is the most responsible option available.
Moore BE; Flaitz CM; Coppenhaver DH; Nichols M; Kalmaz GD; Bessman JD; Cloyd MW; Lynch DP; Prabhakar BS; Baron S; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch,; Galveston 77555-1019.
Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 21 HIV-positive men and women before and after dental treatment. The frequency of HIV detection did not increase after dental treatment. Infectious HIV was recovered from only one patient. Study findings raise the possibility that, in most cases, salivary inhibitors render
Perry SW; Moffatt M Jr; Card CA; Fishman B; Azima-Heller R; Jacobsberg LB; HIV Clinical Research Program, Cornell University Medical; College.
We prospectively examined self-disclosure of HIV infection by 129 men and women to dentists and physicians. After an average of 2.3 years since initial HIV-positive notification and repeated individual counseling, only 53 percent of subjects had told their dentists of HIV infection compared to 89 percent who had told
Geha R; Buckley CE; Greenberger P; Patterson R; Polmar S; Saxon A; Rohr A; Yang W; Drouin M; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
BACKGROUND: Anecdotes and single case reports have suggested that the high-intensity sweetener, aspartame, may be associated with allergic/hypersensitivity-type reactions. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate individuals who had experienced urticaria and/or angioedema alle
Carpendale MT; Freeberg J; Griffiss JM; Rehabilitation Medicine Service, San Francisco Veterans; Administration Medical Center (SFVAMC) 94121.
Five patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) and intractable diarrhea were treated with daily colonic insufflations of medical ozone (oxygen/ozone mixture) for 21-28 days. The daily dose of ozone (O3) ranged from 2.7 to 30 mg. Three of the four patients whose diarrhea was
J Immunol. 1993 Oct 15;151(8):4033-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94014346
Kozlowski S; Corr M; Shirai M; Boyd LF; Pendleton CD; Berzofsky JA; Margulies DH; Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
T cell stimulation by certain class I-restricted antigenic peptides, such as the HIV 1 gp160-derived peptide, P18, requires peptide processing by angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) in FCS. We observed that longer versions of P18 and the murine cytomegalovirus pp89-derived core p
J Immunol. 1993 Nov 1;151(9):5031-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94014448
Fan J; Bass HZ; Fahey JL; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Immunology and Diseases,; University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine; 90024-1747.
Because cytokines have a central role in the regulation and function of the human immune system, expression of several key cytokine genes in HIV infection was compared by quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies in lymphocytes from HIV-seronegative and -seropositive subjects. Elevated levels of IFN-gamma mRNA an
J Immunol. 1993 Nov 1;151(9):5073-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94014452
Portnoi D; Viale AC; Colle JH; Laboratory of Immunobiology, CNRS URA 359, Institut Pasteur,; Paris, France.
The mature B cell repertoire in the course of murine AIDS (MAIDS) was investigated. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a large diversity of rearranged Ig H chain genes in normal or infected mice, 2 and 8 wk after virus inoculation. Libraries were constructed from the polymerase chain reaction prod
Nicholson JK; Green TA; Immunology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, GA 30333.
In a multi-center study, whole blood specimens from 31 HIV-positive and 43 HIV-negative donors were collected in three different anticoagulants and assayed for lymphocyte subsets fresh (within 6 h), and 1 and 2 days later. Each center prepared the specimens by their routine whole blood lysis procedure, labeling with a
IMA J Math Appl Med Biol. 1993;10(1):51-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94014635
Gani J; Yakowitz S; Department of Statistics, University of California, Santa Barbara; 93106.
This paper considers a random allocation model for the transmission of HIV by needle sharing among a group of intravenous drug users who are friends or relatives (buddy-users). A Markov chain approach is used to track the increase in infectives in a stable group of such IVDUs, some of whom are HIV positive. The model
IMA J Math Appl Med Biol. 1993;10(1):67-75. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94014636
Billard L; Zhao Z; Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens; 30602-1952.
While the mathematical theory of epidemics has its origins with Ross (1911), it was not until Kryscio (1975) that explicit expressions for the state probabilities of the classical general epidemic model established by Bartlett (1949) were found. However, these formulae were of limited practical use when the population
Shirazian D; Mokhtarian F; Herzlich BC; Miller AE; Grob D; Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; 11219.
Antibodies to HTLV-1, as determined by ELISA, were highly elevated in the serum samples of four out of four (100%) patients with TSP, moderately elevated in four out of four (100%) HTLV-1 carriers, slightly elevated in 12 out of 34 (35%) patients with MS, and absent from the serum samples of 34 normal subjects. Wester
Gray RF; Baguley DM; Harries ML; Court I; Lynch C; East of England Cochlear Implant Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital,; Cambridge.
Twelve deaf adults and two deaf children were treated with the Ineraid (formerly Symbion) four channel intracochlear implant between September 1989 and October 1991 at Addenbrooke s Hospital in Cambridge. All were post-lingually totally deaf and had found themselves beyond the reach of hearing aids. The effect of the
Mercure L; Phaneuf D; Wainberg MA; McGill University AIDS Centre, Chemin Cote-Ste-Catherine,; Montreal, Canada.
The presence of unintegrated viral DNA has been reported in cells persistently infected by lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We confirm that CD8+ cells can be productively and persistently infected by HIV-1 for up to 4 months, as determined by secretion of viral core antigen p24 into
Raja NU; Vincent MJ; Jabbar MA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation,; Ohio 44195.
We investigated endoproteolytic processing of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein precursor, gp160, as well as envelope-mediated membrane fusion in the presence of CD4 molecules that were either partially or fully retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Pulse-chase analyses revealed that g
Federico M; Taddeo B; Carlini F; Nappi F; Verani P; Rossi GB; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,; Italy.
A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected Hut-78 cell clone (F12) shows a peculiar phenotype: it exhibits an altered viral protein pattern, is a nonproducer and is resistant to homologous superinfection. To determine whether this phenotype is dependent upon the expression of the HIV-1 genome integrated ther
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993 Oct;181(10):626-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94015035
Wells EA; Calsyn DA; Saxon AJ; Greenberg DM; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of; Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195.
Little normative data exist about the frequency and variety of sexual behavior of injection drug users. Sexual behaviors of a group of 313 injection drug users (225 men and 88 women) were assessed by a structured interview at the start of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome prevention project. Celibacy was reported
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993 Oct;181(10):632-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94015036
Lackner JB; Joseph JG; Ostrow DG; Eshleman S; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University; of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
Questionnaire data were collected from a panel of 342 gay men at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome enrolled in the Coping and Change Study between 1985 and 1987, and 1988 and 1990. Data were obtained across a period of 5 years in six serial wave pairs to determine the relationship of social support to Hopki
Yoshioka A; Hirose G; Ueda Y; Nishimura Y; Sakai K; Department of Neurology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa,; Japan.
Necropsy findings for a patient with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) of 9 months clinical duration are reported. Loss of myelin sheaths and axons together with perivascular lymphocytic infiltration was seen in the lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord from the cervical to the lumbar region where vacuolar
Elovaara I; Albert PS; Ranki A; Krohn K; Seppala I; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aurora; Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
The reactivities of intrathecal and serum IgG and IgM, and IgG1-4 subclass antibodies to various HIV-1 proteins were assessed by immunoblotting at various stages of HIV-1 infection. All patients were examined neurologically including CT and/or MRI, and with HIV-1-specific and nonspecific tests of the cerebrospinal flu
von Einsiedel RW; Fife TD; Aksamit AJ; Cornford ME; Secor DL; Tomiyasu U; Itabashi HH; Vinters HV; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), UCLA Medical Center; 90024.
We reviewed the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of 15 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Brain tissue from 10 autopsy and 6 biopsy specimens was studied using: in situ hybridization (ISH) for JC virus (JCV), immunohistochem
Arendt G; Hefter H; Neuen-Jacob E; Wist S; Kuhlmann H; Strohmeyer G; Freund HJ; Department of Neurology, University of Dusseldorf, Germany.
Thirty-three HIV-positive patients with clinical signs of dementia according to the 1991 AAN criteria underwent psychometric, electrophysiological and radiological examination and were compared with a group of normal healthy subjects and a cohort of clinically asymptomatic HIV-1-po
Buscombe JR; Oyen WJ; Grant A; Claessens RA; van der Meer J; Corstens FH; Ell PJ; Miller RF; Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London School; of Medicine, England.
Pooled human immunoglobulin labeled with indium-111 (111In-HIgG) was used to identify the presence and extent of infection in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), presenting with either symptoms and/or signs of acute chest infection or with pyrexia without localizing signs or symptoms. Fifty-five
Chang R; Wong G; Gold J; Armstrong D; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,; New York, NY 10021.
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical epidemiology and outcome of HIV-related emergencies, and to identify clinical predictors of HIV-related emergency hospitalizations. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Emergency facility of a tertiary care teaching hospital. PATIENTS: 350 HIV/AIDS patients followed at the authors center. ME
McKinney RE Jr; Robertson JW; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,; North Carolina 27710.
We retrospectively analyzed the growth of 170 children less than 25 1/2 months of age who were referred for evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody status. By the age of 4 months, the 62 HIV-infected children were significantly smaller than the 108 uninfected children in both weight-for-age and lengt
Tsai CC; Follis KE; Grant RF; Nolte RE; Bartz CR; Benveniste RE; Sager PR; University of Washington, Regional Primate Research Center,; Seattle, Washington.
The effect of dosing frequency on zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection was examined in long-tailed macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The results indicate that dosing frequency is extremely important for drug efficacy. The monkeys were divided into three groups based o
Borghi MO; De Santis C; Barcellini W; Lopalco L; Fain C; Lazzarin A; Siccardi AG; Meroni PL; Zanussi C; Beretta A; Institute of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and; Immunopathology, University of Milan, Italy.
Serum samples from 88 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive drug addicts have been investigated for the presence of antibodies to both beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m)-free and beta 2m-associated HLA class I molecules. Using HIV-negative drug addicts as background control, we found that none of the Centers for Dis
Matsuda J; Gohchi K; Hama H; Tsukamoto M; Saitoh N; Kinoshita T; Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine,; Tokyo, Japan.
We investigated the prevalence of various autoantibodies [anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL), lupus anticoagulant (LA), immune complexes (ICs), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), and anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody (aDNA)] in hemophiliac individuals with (n = 50) and without (n = 42) infection by human immunodeficiency vir
Brena AE; Cooper ER; Cabral HJ; Pelton SI; Department of Pediatrics, Maxwell Finland Laboratory for; Infectious Diseases, Boston City Hospital/Boston University; School of Medicine, Massachusetts.
To determine the immunogenicity of the measles and rubella components of the measles, mumps, and rubella virus (MMR) vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children, we compared their response to that of uninfected controls. Sera were collected from HIV-infected patients and HIV seroreverters followed
MaWhinney S; Pagano M; Thomas P; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted from mother to child in utero, during birth, or after birth through breast milk. While the majority of children born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected, almost all carry maternal antibodies. The number of maternal or perinatal exposures can be determined
Tu XM; Meng XL; Pagano M; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The AIDS surveillance system maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a unique data base for estimating survival after a diagnosis of AIDS for the general AIDS population in the United States . Because patients enrolled in most AIDS clinical trial stud
Maden C; Hopkins SG; Smyser M; Lafferty WE; HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Unit, Seattle-King County Department of; Public Health, WA 98104.
Survival analysis was performed for AIDS cases diagnosed in Washington state from 1982 through 1989 and reported through October 31, 1991. No difference in survival time among diagnosis years 1987, 1988, and 1989 (p = 0.29) was found. Since September 1987, survival time was longest for cases with human immunodeficienc
Gallo D; Petru A; Yeh ET; Hanson CV; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department; of Health Services, Berkeley.
Two hundred twenty-eight plasma specimens collected over a 4-year period from 185 children aged 4 days to 10 years at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were tested for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) to determine perinatal transmission of this agent. One hundred three
Chopier-Richaud J; Boudghene F; Carette MF; Lebreton C; Cadranel J; Bigot JM; Service de Radiologie, Hopital Tenon, Paris.
We report an unusual observation of peritoneal localisation in a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the only sign of digestive injury. This peritoneal injury may be more frequent with AIDS patients, as in our observation. Tomodensitometry was the best exam to visual this injury.
Drobniewski F; Public Health Laboratory Service, Dulwich Hospital, London.
The Government s Health of the Nation , influenced by the WHO s Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000 , pledges a reduction in sexually transmitted diseases in general and AIDS in particular. The recommendations are clearly sensible but how do you persuade people to believe and comply with the sensibl
Jeong LS; Schinazi RF; Beach JW; Kim HO; Shanmuganathan K; Nampalli S; Chun MW; Chung WK; Choi BG; Chu CK; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy,; University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
The beta-D-(2S,5R)- and alpha-D-(2S,5S)-1,3-oxathiolanylpyrimidine and -purine nucleosides with natural nucleoside configuration were synthesized and evaluated against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells. The key intermediate 14, which was utilized for the synthesis of various nucleosides, was synt
Yu KL; Bronson JJ; Yang H; Patick A; Alam M; Brankovan V; Datema R; Hitchcock MJ; Martin JC; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute,; Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660.
A series of 2 -substituted derivatives of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (PMEG, 1) have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in the XTT assay and for anti-herpes activity in the plaque reduction assay. It has been observed that the anti-HIV activity of thes
J Med Chem. 1993 Oct 1;36(20):2938-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016331
Van Aerschot AA; Mamos P; Weyns NJ; Ikeda S; De Clercq E; Herdewijn PA; Department of Medinical Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical; Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
2-, 6-, And 8-alkylated (methyl, ethyl, and vinyl) adenosine analogues were synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of a tetraalkyltin with the halogenated purine nucleosides. The synthesis of the 8-substituted analogues was accomplished using a transient protection procedure. The 6-alkylated-9-beta-D-ribo
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):100-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016491
Putkonen P; Nilsson C; Hild K; Benthin R; Cranage M; Aubertin AM; Biberfeld G; Department of Immunology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,; Stockholm, Sweden.
Several groups have reported protection against experimental SIV infection in macaques immunized with a whole inactivated virus vaccine. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether five macaques vaccinated with whole inactivated SIV and previously shown to be protected against challenge with two divergent
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):104-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016492
Mills KH; Page M; Kitchin P; Chan L; Jones W; Silvera P; Corcoran T; Flanagan B; Ling C; Thiriart C; et al; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters; Bar, Herts., U.K.
Macaques were immunised with lentil lectin purified recombinant SIVmac (BK28) derived gp160 (rgp160) with or without live vaccinia (vac)-env (BK28) priming, followed by a final boost with solid matrix antibody antigen (SMAA)-gp160 (J5) complexes and challenged with the SIVmac molecularly cloned virus J5M. Rgp160 and v
In cynomolgus monkeys, we compared two human-derived SIVmac251 whole virus vaccines, a long vs short immunization schedule, and two different challenge viruses. Both vaccines induced protection after challenge with human-derived SIVmac251/32H. There was no difference between the two schedules of immunization. Seven mo
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):124-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016495
Benveniste RE; Hill RW; Knott WB; Tsai CC; Kuller L; Morton WR; Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute,; Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702-1201.
Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) imported from Ethiopia were screened for antibodies to various primate retroviruses by immunoblotting. Antibodies that cross-reacted with SIV/Mne or with type D viral antigens were detected in approximately one-third of these animals. In addition, 20%
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):138-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016497
Sopper S; Hemm S; Meixensberger J; Coulibaly C; Stahl-Hennig C; Hunsmann G; Fleckenstein B; ter Meulen V; Dorries R; Institut fur Virologie und Immunbiologie, Universitat; Wurzburg, Germany.
Paired sera and CSF samples were collected from SIVmac-infected macaques. Animals infected with SIVmac251 maintained low gag and high env-specific antibody levels in plasma. Increasing env-specific antibody titers in CSF were associated in one animal with strong intrathecal synthesis. SIVmac239-infected monkeys reveal
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):147-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016498
del Llano AM; Amieiro-Puig JP; Kraiselburd EN; Kessler MJ; Malaga CA; Lavergne JA; Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of; Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936-5067.
Using the assessment of the mitochondrial metabolic activity of freshly isolated blood mononuclear cells, the flow cytometric detection of apoptosis and of the proliferative responses to PWM, SIV-infected macaques were classified in: stage 0, which included all animals with unaffected parameters, and stages 1, 2, and
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):154-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016499
Pauza CD; Emau P; Salvato MS; Trivedi P; MacKenzie D; Malkovsky M; Uno H; Schultz KT; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of; Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Intrarectal inoculation of rhesus monkeys with low doses of SIVmac led to a prolonged clinical and virological latency that was not observed for high intrarectal doses or for intravenous inoculation. Animals infected intrarectally with low virus doses remained negative for serum antibody responses to SIV for at least
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):162-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016500
Ochs HD; Morton WR; Kuller LD; Zhu Q; Tsai CC; Agy MB; Benveniste RE; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of; Medicine, Seattle 98195.
Six pregnant pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were inoculated intra-amniotically (i.a.) with SIVMne. All became viremic and seroconverted; three viable offspring were SIV-positive and at autopsy showed disseminated viral infection; one of three abortuses had SIV-infected thymic macrophages. Three of five pregnan
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):187-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016503
Heise C; Vogel P; Miller CJ; Lackner A; Dandekar S; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis; 95616.
Intestinal tissues from SIV-infected rhesus macaques with subclinical as well as with terminal SIV disease were evaluated for SIV infection. SIV-infected mononuclear cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract in all animals. In early infection, SIV-infected cells were diffusely distributed in lymphoid t
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):74-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016507
Benveniste RE; Kuller L; Roodman ST; Hu SL; Morton WR; Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute,; Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD.
Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope proteins of type D retrovirus-Washington (SRV-2/W) was used to immunize macaques against SRV-2 infection. Four immunized macaques which had resisted a prior low-dose challenge were rechallenged with a high dose (10(6) infectious particles) of SRV-2 two years after bei
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):92-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016510
Hu SL; Stallard V; Abrams K; Barber GN; Kuller L; Langlois AJ; Morton WR; Benveniste RE; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle,; WA 98121.
Two Macaca fascicularis with preexisting immunity to vaccinia virus were immunized twice with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing SIVmne gp160. Their SIV-specific antibody responses were lower than that of vaccinia-naive animals immunized similarly. Upon repeated boosting with gp160, the SIV-specific antibody titers
Hungnes O; Jonsrud K; Tjotta E; Grinde B; Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health,; Oslo, Norway.
The large number of sequenced clones of HIV-1 and related viruses made it possible to indicate conserved elements with potential regulatory or structural functions. Such analysis was combined with directed mutagenesis in order to investigate the importance of elements that may influence the initiation of plus-strand D
Washburn AM; Fullilove RE; Fullilove MT; Keenan PA; McGee B; Morris KA; Sorensen JL; Clark WW; University of California, San Francisco.
The increasing prevalence of HIV infection among injection drug users mandates the development of innovative treatments. While extensive clinical experience suggests that acupuncture detoxification is both safe and acceptable to those in withdrawal, little research has been conducted to assess its efficacy as a treatm
Amini S; Mahmoodi MF; Andalibi S; Solati AA; Hepatitis and AIDS Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran.
The epidemiologic features of HBV, HDV and HIV in the general population of Hamadan province of Iran were studied. A total of 4930 subjects (1649 males and 3281 females) constituted the study population. Seropositivity for any HBV marker was found in 25.72% of the subjects. Of these,
Bhat GJ; Diwan VK; Chintu C; Kabika M; Masona J; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine,; Lusaka, Zambia.
Even before the onset of the HIV epidemic, studies reported large variations in the protective effect of BCG against TB. The current HIV/AIDS epidemic has increased the incidence of tuberculosis in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, local estimates of the effectiveness of BCG are needed which take prevalence
Yadav S; Chattopadhya D; Prakash C; Kumari S; Vergheese T; Department of Paediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital,; Delhi, India.
A total of 74 multitransfused (MT) children of beta thalassaemia major were analysed for prevalent viral markers transmitted through transfusion. A higher incidence of serological markers for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (
Purcell DF; Martin MA; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Multiple RNA splicing sites exist within human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomic RNA, and these sites enable the synthesis of many mRNAs for each of several viral proteins. We evaluated the biological significance of the alternatively spliced mRNA species during productive HIV-1 infections of peripheral bl
Yuan X; Yu X; Lee TH; Essex M; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
The matrix domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag polyprotein was studied for its role in virus assembly. Deletion and substitution mutations caused a dramatic reduction in virus production. Mutant Gag polyproteins were myristoylated and had a high affinity for membrane association. Immunofluorescence stain
Oberste MS; Williamson JC; Greenwood JD; Nagashima K; Copeland TD; Gonda MA; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Structure, Program Resources,; Inc./DynCorp, Frederick, Maryland.
One of the six putative accessory genes of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is similar to those identified as rev in the human immunodeficiency virus and visna virus genomes. To further analyze the BIV rev gene locus, protein, and function, rev cDNAs were cloned and characterized. BIV rev mRNA is derived from the f
Tan X; Pearce-Pratt R; Phillips DM; Population Council, New York, New York 10021.
The human cervix-derived epithelial cell line (ME180) used in this study displays a characteristics epithelial morphology, including numerous desmosomes, tonofilaments, and epidermal filaments. When T-cell lines infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are added to epithelial cultures, they rapidly adhere to t
Moscona A; Peluso RW; Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New; York, New York 10029-6574.
The ability of enveloped viruses to cause disease depends on their ability to enter the host cell via membrane fusion events. An understanding of these early events in infection, crucial for the design of methods of blocking infection, is needed for viruses that mediate membrane fusion at neutral pH, such as paramyxov
Golding H; Blumenthal R; Manischewitz J; Littman DR; Dimitrov DS; Division of Virology, Food and Drug Administration, National; Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Several domains of CD4 have been suggested to play a critical role in events that follow its binding to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (gp120-gp41). It has been reported previously that cells expressing a chimeric molecule consisting of the first 177 residues of human CD4 attache
Bennett RP; Nelle TD; Wills JW; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State; University School of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center,; Hershey 17033.
The Gag protein encoded by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is the only viral product required for the process of budding whereby virus particles are formed at the plasma membrane. Deletion analysis of this Gag molecule has revealed several regions (assembly domains) that are important for budding. One of these domains is loc
Deminie CA; Emerman M; Program in Molecular Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research; Center, Seattle, Washington 98104-2092.
The retroviral Gag polyprotein is necessary and sufficient for assembly and budding of viral particles. However, the exact inter- and intramolecular interactions of the Gag polyproteins during this process are not known. To locate functional domains within Gag, we generated chimeric proviruses between human immunodefi
Kodama T; Mori K; Kawahara T; Ringler DJ; Desrosiers RC; Division of Primate Medicine, Oregon Regional Primate Research; Center, Medical Research Foundation of Oregon, Beaverton 97006.
One rhesus macaque displayed severe encephalomyelitis and another displayed severe enterocolitis following infection with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac239. Little or no free anti-SIV antibody developed in these two macaques, and they died relatively quickly (4 to 6 months) after
Spies CP; Compans RW; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; 35294-0005.
A biotinylation assay was used to detect the envelope glycoprotein of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope glycoprotein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus on the surface of HeLa T4 cells. The relationship between the detection of the envelope glycoprotein on the cell surface and its secretion from t
Lu YL; Spearman P; Ratner L; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,; St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
The subcellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) was examined by subcellular fractionation. In HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Vpr was found in the nuclear and membrane fractions as well as the conditioned medium. Expression of Vpr without other HIV-1
Arenzana-Seisdedos F; Fernandez B; Dominguez I; Jacque JM; Thomas D; Diaz-Meco MT; Moscat J; Virelizier JL; Unite d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
We have tested whether breakdown of phosphatidylcholine (PC) initiated by exogenous addition of a PC-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) from Bacillus cereus or by endogenous overexpression of PC-PLC induces functional activation of NF-kappa B and increases human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enhancer activity. PC-PLC-ac
Gravel C; Kay DG; Jolicoeur P; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques; de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus (MuLV) induces a progressive hindlimb paralysis accompanied by a spongiform myeloencephalopathy in susceptible mice. In order to better understand the pathological process leading to these neurodegenerative lesions, we have investigated the nature of the cell type(s) infected by the
Stefano KA; Collman R; Kolson D; Hoxie J; Nathanson N; Gonzalez-Scarano F; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical; Center, Philadelphia 19104.
To investigate the mechanism underlying one aspect of the cellular tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we used a macrophage-tropic isolate, 89.6, and screened its ability to infect a number of continuous cell lines. HIV-1 (89.6) was able to replicate robustly in a T-cell/B-cell hybrid line, CEMx174
Johann SV; van Zeijl M; Cekleniak J; O'Hara B; Molecular Biology Research Section, Lederle Laboratories,; American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York 10965.
Expression of human GLVR1 in mouse cells confers susceptibility to infection by gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), while the normally expressed mouse Glvr-1 does not. Since human and murine GLVR1 proteins differ at 64 positions in their sequences, some of the residues differing between the two proteins are critical for
Tailor CS; Takeuchi Y; O'Hara B; Johann SV; Weiss RA; Collins MK; Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research,; London, England.
The three type C retroviruses, gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), simian sarcoma-associated virus (SSAV), and feline leukemia virus subgroup B (FeLV-B), infect human cells by interacting with the same cell surface receptor, GLVR1. Using LacZ retroviral pseudotypes and murine cells transfected with mutant GLVR1 expressi
Garrett ED; He F; Bogerd HP; Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center,; Durham, North Carolina 27710.
The Bel-1 protein of human foamy virus is a potent transcriptional trans activator of its homologous long terminal repeat promoter element. Here, we demonstrate that Bel-1 can also efficiently activate gene expression when targeted to a heterologous promoter by fusion to the DNA-binding motif of the yeast GAL4 protein
Kamine J; Subramanian T; Chinnadurai G; Institute for Molecular Virology, St. Louis University School of; Medicine, Missouri 63110.
We have previously shown that the Tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a modular transcriptional activator that can be targeted upstream of either a synthetic promoter or the intact HIV promoter to activate transcription. This activation was shown to be largely dependent on the presence of
Bukrinsky M; Sharova N; Stevenson M; Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; 11030.
The preintegration complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a large nucleoprotein complex containing viral nucleic acids in association with products of the viral gag and pol genes. One of these proteins, integrase, is absolutely required for the integration and formation of the provirus. Although HIV
Li G; Lisziewicz J; Sun D; Zon G; Daefler S; Wong-Staal F; Gallo RC; Klotman ME; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
The interaction between the Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its highly structured and conserved RNA target, the Rev-responsive element, is required for virus replication. We demonstrate that antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate analogs directed against the Rev-responsive element effec
Huang ZB; Potash MJ; Simm M; Shahabuddin M; Chao W; Gendelman HE; Eden E; Volsky DJ; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Lukes/Roosevelt Hospital; Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University,; New York, New York 10019.
Lymphotropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), including HTLV-IIIB, replicate poorly in macrophages. We have shown previously that lymphotropic HIV-1 fuses equally well with T lymphocytes and macrophages (M. J. Potash, M. Zeira, Z.-B. Huang, T. Pearce, E. Eden, H. Gendelman, and D. J. Volsky, Vir
Back NK; Smit L; Schutten M; Nara PL; Tersmette M; Goudsmit J; Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
Three closely related molecular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clones, with differential neutralization phenotypes, were generated by cloning of an NcoI-BamHI envelope (env) gene fragment (HXB2R nucleotide positions 5221 to 8021) into the full-length HXB2 molecular clone of HIV-1 IIIB. These env gene frag
Mustafa F; Robinson HL; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Massachusetts; Medical Center, Worcester 01655.
Two molecularly cloned viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-NL4-3 (NL4-3) and HIV-1-HXB-2 (HXB-2), have been used to study the role of HIV-1 auxiliary genes in the establishment of chronic virus producers. NL4-3 encodes all known HIV-1 proteins, whereas HXB-2 is defective for three auxiliary genes: vpr
Furukawa Y; Tara M; Niina K; Kubo H; Imaguma M; Department of Internal Medicine, Kagosima City Hospital.
A 73-year-old HTLV-1 infected male developed overt ATL following 3-years observation, and the clonality of HTLV-1 infected cells changed before overt ATL onset. 10 micrograms of DNA, extracted from mononuclear cells was digested with PstI, and the clonal proliferation of HTLV-1 infected cells was examined by Southern
Molbert W; Boyer CB; Shafer MA; University of California, Division of Adolescent Medicine, San; Francisco 94143-0374.
To effectively implement a school-based STD/HIV prevention intervention program developed by a community-based agency, several issues must be addressed to build a collaborative partnership between the agency and the school district. Steps taken by the Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Fran
Kondo T; Wu GD; Saito R; Marchevsky AM; Prehn J; Matloff JM; Waters PF; Jordan SC; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical; Center, Los Angeles, California 90048.
Left lung transplantation (n = 30) between BN rat (RT1n) and LEW rat (RT1(1)) was performed to examine serial changes in the inflammatory cell profile and T-cell subsets occurring in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained after transplantation. Transplanted animals were sacrificed on Days 1 to 7 post-transplantation. P
Melcher U; Department of Biochemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater; 74078-0454.
Intracellular movement of viral infections of plants requires a virus-encoded protein. Alignment of amino acid sequences of central conserved regions of such proteins produced a sequence profile that resembled that of lentiviral proteinases. The known three-dimensional structure of the proteinase encoded by the human
Gaidano G; Parsa NZ; Tassi V; Della-Latta P; Chaganti RS; Knowles DM; Dalla-Favera R; Division of Oncology, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
Lymphoma represents a major source of morbidity and mortality among AIDS patients. AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas (AIDS-NHL) are almost invariably B-cell derived, are classified as high or intermediate grade lymphomas, and display three main histologic types: namely, small non-cleaved cell lymphoma (SNCCL), lar
Md Med J. 1993 Aug;42(8):761-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018415
Lewis JN; Storck CF; McArdell TL; Baltimore City Health Department.
Since the beginning of the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) epidemic in Baltimore, the university hospitals, particularly Johns Hopkins, have diagnosed and treated a disproportionate share of Baltimore patients. Many Baltimore community hospitals are now treating AIDS patients. These hospitals will have an in
Md Med J. 1993 Aug;42(8):765-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018416
Zuckerman CJ; Masters CF; Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Baltimore City; Health Department.
In conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s (CDC s) national Sentinel Hospital Surveillance System for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) Infection, we conducted unlinked (anonymous) testing of a systematically selected sample of blood specimens for HIV-1 antibodies to assess the HIV-1 infecti
Gala C; Pergami A; Invernizzi G; Istituto di Clinica Psichiatrica, Universita degli Studi,; Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Guardia II, Milano.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) health care personnel is faced with a life threatening disease and with problems concerning fear of contagion and sense of professional inadequacy in dealing with chronically and terminal patients who may be suffering from psychosocial an
Med Trop (Mars). 1993 Apr-Jun;53(2):159-66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018516
Simon F; Namssenmo A; Klotz F; Service de Medecine, Hopital Regional de Bambari, Republique; Centrafricaine.
Perianal cutaneous ulcerations in tropical countries have multiple causes: bacterial, viral and parasitic. Taking the opportunity of a case observed in Bambari (CRA) of which the etiologic origin was not clearly established, the authors offer a proposal for a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol aimed at easing decisio
Med Trop (Mars). 1993 Apr-Jun;53(2):181-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018519
Hill PS; Neilsen G; Tropical Health Program, University of Queensland Medical School.
The authors report on 29 notifications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in Queensland from 1 July 1985 to 31 August 1991. Despite previously expressed concerns regarding the potential for a Pattern II (heterosexual) epidemic, based on reported data for other Sexually
Med Trop (Mars). 1993 Apr-Jun;53(2):195-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018522
Garcia-Calleja JM; Louis JP; Salla R; Trebucq A; Mvondo JL; Zekeng L; Migliani R; Owona R; Kaptue L; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante, Yaounde, Cameroun.
As of December 1991, Cameroon has reported 827 cases of AIDS. The results from the Sentinel Surveillance System show a seroprevalence of 1.3% HIV1 among pregnant women, 2.5% in people attending STD clinic and 3.5% in tuberculosis patients. The World H
Med Trop (Mars). 1993 Apr-Jun;53(2):225-39. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018528
Cheval P; Kinzonzi P; Allaert-Cheval C; Service de Medecine, Hopital Regional des Armees,; Pointe-Noire, Republique Populaire du Congo.
At the sight of the hospitalization of 307 patients, attacked by AIDS, inside the department of Medicine of the Military Hospital in Pointe-Noire (Congo) between 1990-1992, the authors try to point out the principal epidemiological characteristics of their patients; give a semeiological and clinical descriptions of th
Grunfeld C; Pang M; Doerrler W; Jensen P; Shimizu L; Feingold KR; Cavalieri RR; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Abnormalities of thyroid hormone levels have been reported in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but there has been debate as to whether they are appropriate for the clinical status of the patients. Inappropriate maintenance of circulating 3,3 ,5-triiodothyronine (T3) levels could contribute to weight loss
Resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition were investigated in 60 clinically stable patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection varying with respect to immune impairment. REEs differed significantly from predicted values (> or
Tu SW; Kemper CA; Lane NM; Carlson RW; Musen MA; Section on Medical Informatics, Stanford University School of; Medicine, CA.
The task of determining patients eligibility for clinical trials is knowledge and data intensive. In this paper, we present a model for the task of eligibility determination, and describe how a computer system can assist clinical researchers in performing that task. Qualitative and probabilistic approaches to computi
Med J Aust. 1993 Oct 18;159(8):549-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018933
Goeman J; Piot P; WHO Collaborating Centre on AIDS, Department of Microbiology,; Antwerp, Belgium.
One decade after the first description of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the epidemic has become a world-wide public health problem. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now spreading most rapidly among the poorer populations in the industrialised world and in the developing world.
Med Pediatr Oncol. 1993;21(9):661-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018978
Neumann Y; Toren A; Mandel M; Martinowitz U; Varon D; Ramot B; Ben-Bassat I; Rechavi G; Institute of Hematology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center,; Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
We describe 4 male children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed Burkitt s lymphoma during their disease. The clinical picture was characterized by an insidious appearance of symptoms. All the children suffered for several months from abdominal discomfort and a gradual elevation of their bl
Kunsch C; Rosen CA; Human Genome Sciences, Rockville, Maryland 20850.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemotactic cytokine for T lymphocytes and neutrophils, is induced in several cell types by a variety of stimuli including the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha. Several cis elements, including a binding site for the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B,
Li M; Siekevitz M; Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New; York, New York 10029.
The 40-kDa nuclear protein Tax encoded by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) can transcriptionally activate the interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) enhancer even in the presence of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A, which inhibits the activation of the IL-2 enhancer by T-c
Chen YH; Bock G; Vornhagen R; Steindl F; Katinger H; Dierich MP; Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute of AIDS Research, Innsbruck, Austria.
Based on our findings that HIV-1 gp41 independently of CD4, can bind to the helper T-cell line H9, we characterized putative binding of HIV-1 gp41 to B-cell lines, Raji, Bjab and Ramos. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) we examined the binding of soluble gp41 (sgp41; Env amino acid 539-684) to these B-ce
Immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS is a reality in South Africa and poses an urgent challenge to nurses. The caring for patients with AIDS and the prevention of AIDS has ethical implications for nurses. Professional secrecy, social stigma, the attitude of nurses and judicial aspect
Pleasure IT; Black MM; Keen JH; Department of Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University,; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
Clathrin is the structural protein of coated membranes involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and aspects of Golgi sorting in eukaryotic cells. We have now detected a stoichiometric complex of clathrin with a novel protein of M(r) approximately 100,000 (100K) in lysates of different mammalian cells. Formation of th
Nature. 1993 Oct 14;365(6447):671-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94019821
Larder BA; Kohli A; Kellam P; Kemp SD; Kronick M; Henfrey RD; Antiviral Therapeutic Research Unit, Wellcome Foundation Limited,; Beckenham, Kent, UK.
A comparison has been made between manual and automated DNA sequencing procedures to evaluate the ability to distinguish mixtures of wild-type and mutant sequences. Quantitative detection of such mixtures of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations was best achieved using an automated system that uses fluorescent-labelled sequ
The disquieting increase in the mortality of drug addicts observed in recent years cannot be ascribed to only one or a few well defined causes, such as the spread of the HI virus or AIDS, changes in drug consumption habits of multiple dependents or ineffective therapeutic measures. Primarily, an interaction of medical
Falangola MF; Petito CK; Department of Pathology, New York Hospital-Cornell University; Medical College, NY.
We evaluated the postmortem incidence of choroid plexus infection in cerebral toxoplasmosis in 17 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cerebral toxoplasmosis and, by immunohistochemistry, identified Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in this structure in 53% of all cases. They were present in 78% of
Aylward EH; Henderer JD; McArthur JC; Brettschneider PD; Harris GJ; Barta PE; Pearlson GD; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Although brain atrophy is a common neuroradiologic and pathologic finding in patients with HIV-1 infection, especially those with HIV-1-associated dementia complex, it is not clear whether specific regions of the brain are differentially responsible for tissue loss. In this study,
Sheremata WA; Benedict D; Squilacote DC; Sazant A; DeFreitas E; Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine,; FL.
Ten HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) patients (four men and six women aged 38 to 58 years) with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ranging from 4.0 to 8.5 entered an open-label zidovudine study. A high-dosage induction (2 g/d for 4 weeks) was followed by 1 g/d for 20 weeks. Five patients were natives of
Boni J; Emmerich BS; Leib SL; Wiestler OD; Schupbach J; Kleihues P; Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich,; Switzerland.
We analyzed brain tissue from 39 patients for the presence of proviral HIV-1 sequences, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the amplification of segments of the viral LTR and gag genes. A novel primer extension procedure allowed the detection of a single HIV-1 copy in 1 micrograms DNA. We detected proviral H
Minerva Chir. 1993 Jun 15;48(11):643-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94020389
Pomatto E; Corradi L; Fornaseri C; Carbone V; Istituto Policattedra di Odontostomatologia, Universita degli; Studi di Torino.
Following a short review of the literature, the authors report a case of an eosinophilic granuloma in bone in an immunodepressed patient (manifest AIDS) suffering from chronic hepatitis B and C. The possible link between the viral infection and immunodepression and the pathology in question in then discussed.
Manfredi R; Nanetti A; Mazzoni A; Mastroianni A; Chiodo F; Istituto Malattie Infettive, Universita degli Studi di Bologna.
The incidence, aetiology and clinical significance of visceral mycoses in HIV-infected subjects were evaluated by a retrospective survey of the clinical and microbiological records of 237 consecutive AIDS patients followed-up since 1984. Seventy-four patients out of 237 (31.2%) (56 males, 18 females; 55 IV drug abuser
N J Med. 1993 Aug;90(8):589-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94020503
Damato AN; Chokhavatia S; Grigoriu A; Patel A; Cronin T; Department of Medicine, Jersey City Medical Center, NJ 07304.
The authors surveyed HIV-positive patients to determine their knowledge of and interest in advance directives and their preferences for end-of-life care. The results of this study make clear the need to institute a program of education for those desiring to know more about advance directives.
N J Med. 1993 Aug;90(8):612-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94020509
Jacoby JH; DiMarcangelo MT; Kramer ED; Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center, Camden, NJ 08103.
The authors discuss computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of herpes encephalitis as important adjuncts to the early diagnosis of this entity. The patient was a 42-year-old HIV-negative male who presented with a history of dizziness, headaches, and fever.
Korn AP; Landers DV; Green JR; Sweet RL; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences,; University of California, San Francisco General Hospital.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the clinical course of pelvic inflammatory disease differs between women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and seronegative controls. METHODS: All admissions for acute pelvic inflammatory disease from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1992 at San Francisco General Hospital
Occup Health (Lond). 1993 Aug;45(8):273-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94020665
Chorley A
High profile issues--such as the King s Cross disaster--have obscured the daily risks to health encountered by the British Transport Police. ANNETTE CHORLEY describes her efforts to raise HIV and hepatitis B awareness in officers policing the railways.
Watanabe M; Muramatsu M; Hirai H; Suzuki T; Fujisawa J; Yoshida M; Arai K; Arai N; Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of; Tokyo, Japan.
NF-kappa B is a heterodimeric protein composed of two subunits, p50 and p65, and is sequestered in the cytoplasm as an inactive form through the association with an inhibitory protein, I kappa B. In the present study, the effect of HTLV-I encoded Tax on the exogenously expressed NF-kappa B p105, which encodes a precur
Reid RL; Lindholm PF; Mireskandari A; Dittmer J; Brady JN; Laboratory of Molecular Virology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is an aggressive malignancy associated with infection by the human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I). We now demonstrate that p53 expression is elevated in the HTLV-I-transformed T-lymphocyte lines C81, MT-2, MT-4 and HUT 102. In pulse-chase experiments, the p53 protein demonstrated a
Manolidis S; Frenkiel S; Yoskovitch A; Black M; Department of Otolaryngology, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital,; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Despite the decline of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Western world, the incidence of cervical mycobacterial infections has remained relatively unaffected. A retrospective review was conducted of 20 patients treated for head and neck tuberculosis from 1984 to 1991. They were mostly an immigrant group coming from underd
Pa Med. 1993 Jul;96(7):26-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94020924
Finestone AJ; Institute on Aging, Temple University School of Medicine.
While physicians have been inundated with information about AIDS, they may overlook the possibility of the disease in the elderly, where occurrence is not common. But, as the author points out in the following case study, elderly patients can have the same risk factors for AIDS as younger patients.
Mazeron MC; Alain-Albertini S; Laboratoire de Bacteriologie-Virologie, Hopital Lariboisiere,; Paris, France.
Recently developed methods have greatly increased the sensitivity and speed of virological diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection. Virus can be detected in infected cell cultures within 24 or 48 hours of specimen inoculation by using monoclonal antibodies to immediate-early antigen
Pediatr Ann. 1993 Jul;22(7):401-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94021048
Annunziato PW; Frenkel LM; University of Rochester, NY 14642.
While the incidence of HIV infection has leveled off in older homosexual men, infection in women, children, and adolescents is rising. Unless effective intervention measures are implemented, the number of pediatric patients with HIV and related illnesses will continue to increase. Interventions aimed at curtailing per
Pediatr Ann. 1993 Jul;22(7):413-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94021050
Lambert JS; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester, New; York.
Studies to examine the mechanisms responsible for perinatal HIV transmission and clinical trials to reduce this transmission are ongoing. A more complete understanding of the timing and modalities of vertical transmission will permit more precise targeting of future clinical trials. Perinatal transmission of HIV infec
Pediatr Ann. 1993 Jul;22(7):436-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94021053
Anderson MM; Morris RE; Adolescent Medicine Program, UCLA Department of Pediatrics 90024.
Human immunodeficiency virus has entered the adolescent population, and pediatricians will be caring for youngsters who are HIV positive or at risk of being infected. We should remember that it is risky sexual behavior and injection drug use that places a teen at risk for HIV infection, not their sexual orientation, e
Rosenfeld EA; Hageman JR; Yogev R; Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Memorial Hospital,; Chicago, Illinois.
In 1990, 25,701 cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported in the United States , the largest annual increase since 1953. Children younger than 15 years of age accounted for 1596 new cases. The resurgence of TB can largely be contributed to the HIV epidemic. The clinical course, diagnosis
Generally, nurses have an ethical and legal obligation to provide treatment to persons with AIDS. When it is unclear whether nurses are morally required to provide treatment, they should engage in moral analysis, discuss their concerns with their colleagues and administrators, work within their institution s framework
Chadelat K; Baculard A; Grimfeld A; Tournier G; Boule M; Boccon-Gibod L; Clement A; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Paris, France.
The clinical course of sarcoidosis in children has not been well defined. Eight children with symptomatic sarcoidosis included in this study underwent pulmonary function tests and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) before treatment and during steroid therapy. At the start of therapy, functional parameters,
Marquis JR; Berman CZ; DiCarlo F; Oleske JM; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of New Jersey,; Newark 07107.
A retrospective study was performed of the radiographic patterns of the lungs in children being followed in the Children s Hospital Aids Program (CHAP). The most consistent finding was a diffuse reticulonodular pattern in the lungs. In addition, lung consolidation, either isolated or in combination with nodules, was n
Stavola JJ; Noel GJ; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New; York Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, New York.
Dapsone (4,4 -diaminodiphenylsulfone) is recommended as an alternative agent for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. We reviewed our experience over the past 100 months with 20 children (age range, 2 months to 13 years) who received dapsone and examined the
King JC Jr; Burke AR; Clemens JD; Nair P; Farley JJ; Vink PE; Batlas SR; Rao M; Johnson JP; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of; Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract and febrile upper respiratory tract illnesses were prospectively assessed in cohorts of 83 infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- and of 48 infants born to non-HIV-infected mothers. Of the infants born to HIV-infected mothers, 18 were themselves in
McCabe E; Jaffe LR; Diaz A; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Staten Island University; Hospital, NY 10305.
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among inner-city, minority group adolescents. METHODS. From August 1989 through June 1990, serum from all positive serologic tests for syphilis, obtained from patients attending a compr
Knupp CA; Shyu WC; Morgenthien EA; Lee JS; Barbhaiya RH; Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers; Squibb Company, Syracuse, New York 13221.
Didanosine is a purine nucleoside analogue approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. It is extremely unstable at pH values less than 3 and requires protection against gastric acid-induced hydrolysis. Beagle dogs pretreated with pentagastrin, an analogue of gastrin that reproducibly stimulat
Blanche P; Saraux A; Taelman H; Sicard D; Menkes CJ; Departement de Medecine interne, Hopital Cochin, Paris.
A 16-month prospective study of adult patients who had been suffering from arthritis for less than one year was conducted in the Internal Medicine department of the hospital of Kigali, Rwanda . Seventy-six patients were included in the study. Out of 72 patients whose sera were teste
Merle H; Smadja D; Bera O; Grolier-Bois L; Vernant JC; Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hopital Pierre Zobda-Quitman, Centre; Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort-de-France.
The human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I (HTLV-1), isolated in 1980, has been shown to be responsible for two distinct systemic diseases: adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV associated myelopathy (HAM). Recently, an ever increasing number of publications have described other disorders associated with HAM. We report a cas
Glynn TJ; Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer; Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852.
Despite considerable progress, tobacco use continues to be a major public health problem in the United States , killing more U.S. citizens each year than alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, homicide, suicide, car accidents, fires, and AIDS combined. There is cause for particular concern ab
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 1;90(19):9061-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022315
Kuiken CL; Zwart G; Baan E; Coutinho RA; van den Hoek JA; Goudsmit J; Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
Population-wide variation in genomic RNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encompassing the V3 loop of the envelope protein was studied in serum samples of 74 newly infected individuals from three Dutch cohorts: 30 homosexual men, 32 drug users, and 12 hemophiliacs. During acute infection, HIV-1 RNA seque
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 1;90(19):9140-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022331
Weir JP; Elkins KL; Department of Cellular Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, DC 20307.
Human monocytes and macrophages are nondividing cells that serve as a major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at all stages of infection. To investigate viral-mediated gene delivery as a means of inhibiting HIV replication in human monocytes, a replication-incompetent herpes simplex virus vector was dev
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 15;90(20):9427-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022388
Bensussan A; Rabian C; Schiavon V; Bengoufa D; Leca G; Boumsell L; Institut Nationale de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U93,; Association Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
We have obtained a monoclonal antibody termed BY55 that defines an 80-kDa cell-surface structure on a subset of circulating peripheral blood mononucleocytes. This structure, which was not detected on most cell lines or activated lymphocytes, was expressed exclusively on 15-25% of CD2+ circulating lymphocytes, includin
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 15;90(20):9456-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022393
Pujol C; Reynes J; Renaud F; Raymond M; Tibayrenc M; Ayala FJ; Janbon F; Mallie M; Bastide JM; Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Parasitologie, Faculte de; Pharmacie, Montpellier, France.
To ascertain the population structure of Candida albicans, we have carried out a multilocus enzyme electrophoresis study based on the analysis of 21 gene loci. We have thus characterized 55 strains isolated one each from 55 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. There is considerable polymorphism among the st
Hassan MI; Nokta MA; Pollard RB; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical; Branch, Galveston 77550.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection constitutes a serious threat to patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Recently we reported that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of CD4+ cells was associated with sustained elevation of cellular levels of
Zmudzka BZ; Strickland AG; Miller SA; Valerie K; Dall'Acqua F; Beer JZ; Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug; Administration, Rockville, MD 20857.
The effects of mono- and bifunctional furocoumarins plus UVA radiation (PUVA and related treatments) on the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) promoter were studied using HeLa cells stably transfected with the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene under the control of the HIV-1 promoter. The experiments were per
Hudson JB; Harris L; Marles RJ; Arnason JT; Division of Medical Microbiology, University of British Columbia,; Vancouver, Canada.
Various synthetic analogues of the naturally occurring terthiophene, alpha-terthienyl (alpha T), were evaluated for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. The compounds were incubated individually with a known amount of the virus, with or without UVA radiation (long-wavelength ultraviolet) and residual viru
Emmelkamp PM; van Oppen P; Department of Clinical Psychology, Academic Hospital, University; of Groningen, The Netherlands.
In this report an overview is given of the contribution of cognitive approaches to behavioral medicine. The (possible) contribution of cognitive therapy is reviewed in the area of coronary heart disease, obesity, bulimia nervosa, chronic pain, benign headache, cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodef
Public Health Rep. 1993 Sep-Oct;108(5):571-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022840
Kozak LJ; McCarthy E; Moien M; Public Health Service's Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS),; Hyattsville, MD 20782.
The authors analyzed the use of hospitals by patients with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. In the period 1984-90, the rates of both discharges and days of care for HIV-infected patients rose dramatically. For 1988-90, black males had
Public Health Rep. 1993 Sep-Oct;108(5):582-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022841
Melnick SL; Jeffery RW; Burke GL; Gilbertson DT; Perkins LL; Sidney S; McCreath HE; Wagenknecht LE; Hulley SB; School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of; Minnesota.
Young adults residing in four States were enrolled in the period 1985-88 in a multicenter study of cardiovascular disease risk factors. In 1989, 2,729 members of the group were given a self-administered questionnaire that included questions on changes in sexual behavior that subjects had made in response to the epidem
Public Health Rep. 1993 Sep-Oct;108(5):643-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022848
Whelan V; McBride D; Colby R; Multnomah County Health Department, Portland, OR 97204-3674.
The Multnomah County (OR) Health Department received a National Institute on Drug Abuse grant to develop effective interventions and education to reduce the spread among injecting drug users of the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. One year into the project, new approaches were developed to locate the dru
Public Health Rep. 1993;108 Suppl 1:68-77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022861
Young people who engage in multiple health risk behaviors such as alcohol and other drug use, unprotected sexual activity, smoking, and violence, are a serious public health concern. To help identify potential strategies for influencing these behaviors, focus groups were conducted with 160 youth ages 10-18 years. For
Res Nurs Health. 1993 Oct;16(5):343-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94023087
DiIorio C; Parsons M; Lehr S; Adame D; Carlone J; Emory University, NHW School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322.
The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship of knowledge of AIDS, misconceptions about AIDS, knowledge of safer sex practices, perceived susceptibility, and future time perspective to the practice of safer sex behaviors in 352 single, sexually active, college freshmen. Data were analyzed usin
The frequency, presentation, diagnosis and clinical course of Pneumocystis carinii infections (PCI) were studied during aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis (AP) and its impact on the spectrum of AIDS-related and other pulmonary infections in HIV-infected hemophiliacs. We conducted an open study on primary (PP) and sec
Juarez-Figueroa LA; Hernandez-Avila M; Uribe-Zuniga P; Smulian G; Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mor.
P. carinii pneumonia affects more than 80% of patients with AIDS in developed countries. In Mexico this complication has been described in 12 to 23% of patients with AIDS, and it has been proposed that competitive disease such as TB and the low life expectancy of AIDS patients in Mexico are the possible explanations o
Gongora-Biachi RA; Gonzalez-Martinez P; Puerto FI; Bastarrachea-Ortiz J; Yamaguchi K; Nishimura Y; Takatsuki K; Laboratory of Hematology and Virology, Regional Researches Center; Dr. Hideyo Noguch, University of Yucatan, Mexico.
Stat Med. 1993 Jul 15;12(13):1259-68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94023576
Neuhaus JM; Segal MR; Division of Biostatistics, University of California, San; Francisco 94143-0560.
Dependent data, such as arise with cluster sampling, typically yield variances of parameter estimates which are larger than would be provided by a simple random sample of the same size. This variance inflation factor is called the design effect of the estimator. Design effects have been derived for cluster sampling de
Stat Med. 1993 Jul 30;12(14):1317-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94023579
Commenges D; Etcheverry B; INSERM U330, Bordeaux, France.
A new approach is proposed for estimating the incidence curve of HIV infection and obtaining short term prediction of AIDS incidence. It is based on the method of back calculation which utilizes the fact that AIDS incidence is generated from HIV infection incidence by convolution with the incubation period distributio
Out of a total of 386 patients with culture-proven tuberculosis, ten cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were treated in a high altitude chest clinic in Switzerland between 1984 and 1992. Two patients, Swiss, were alcoholics, the other eight foreigners. None of the patie
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1993 Oct 5;82(40):1105-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94023634
Salfinger M; New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center for; Laboratories and Research, Albany 12201-0509.
New Yorkers have to deal with a tuberculosis situation which is of greater extent and a health-care system which is less prepared than in the sixties. Poverty and the HIV epidemic have had a negative impact on the control of tuberculosis. The emergence of nosocomial multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has created an expl
Multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis in HIV-infected people has not yet been reported in Switzerland , and there have been no nosocomial epidemics as they have recently occurred in the USA. We present the case of a 38-ear-old HIV-infected man who developed disseminated tuberculo
Parchment RE; Huang M; Erickson-Miller CL; Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hipple Cancer Research; Center, Dayton, Ohio 45439-2092.
Myelosuppression is the dose-limiting side effect for most anti-cancer and many anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents, which can be quantitated with optimized colony-forming assays (granulocyte-macrophage, late erythroid, and megakaryocytic [for murine only] colony-forming units and early erythroid burst-forming un
Science. 1993 Oct 8;262(5131):240-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94023961
Kanagawa O; Vaupel BA; Gayama S; Koehler G; Kopf M; Department of Pathology and Medicine, Washington University; School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
The murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) is induced by a defective murine leukemia virus and has many symptoms similar to those found in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The presence of both B cells and CD4+ T cells is critical for the development of the disease. Furthermore, a Th2
Science. 1993 Oct 15;262(5132):395-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94023981
Wagner S; Green MR; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts; Medical Center, Worcester 01605.
The Tax protein of human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-I) transcriptionally activates the HTLV-I promoter. This activation requires binding sites for activating transcription factor (ATF) proteins, a family of cellular proteins that contain basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA binding domains. Data are presente
Raffaelli M; Campos R; Merritt AP; Siqueira E; Antunes CM; Parker R; Greco M; Greco D; Halsey N; Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; 08903.
Street youth are at risk of HIV infection worldwide. To develop effective prevention strategies, information about the meanings and functions of sexual activity for street youth is needed. In this paper, data from structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and field observations are used t
Konde-Lule JK; Musagara M; Musgrave S; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Focus group interviews about AIDS were held in Rakai district, Uganda during early 1990 with groups from various sections of the community. It was found that the knowledge of AIDS symptoms and its transmission were widespread. Attitudes regarding many aspects of sexual behavior, AI
Orubuloye IO; Caldwell JC; Caldwell P; Faculty of the Social Sciences, Ondo State University, Ado-Ekiti,; Nigeria.
Very limited knowledge is available about African women s control over their sexual relations with husbands or other stable partners in situations where there is a high risk of STDs and HIV/AIDS. Such control must be seen as encompassing women s control over their sexuality and reproduction as well as the broader area
Wallace R; Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Research Department, New York; Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.
An elementary model of sociogeographic network structure in an urban minority community suggests externally applied stress, particularly that which triggers frequent individual or family moves of increasing distance, may cause a sudden phase change resulting in disconnection of previously integrated subgroups from t
S Afr Med J. 1993 Jun;83(6):423-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94024315
Abdool Karim SS; Centre for Epidemiological Research in Southern Africa, South; African Medical Research Council, Durban.
A qualitative case study of the views and experiences of an isangoma was undertaken to explore potential preventive health roles that traditional healers could play with regard to the AIDS epidemic. The isangoma s knowledge of the transmission mechanisms, risk groups and prevention strategies for AIDS was accurate. He
S Afr Med J. 1993 Jun;83(6):430-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94024317
Ariad S; Lewis D; Bezwoda WR; Haematology/Oncology Unit, University of the Witwatersrand,; Johannesburg.
A 54-year-old HIV-negative patient suffering from T-cell lymphoma of Lennert s lymphoma (Lel) type was treated for 13 months with interferon alpha-2b. While on treatment with interferon the patient demonstrated suppression of total and CD4+ lymphocytes to levels
S Afr Med J. 1993 Jul;83(7):495-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94024343
Flisher AJ; Ziervogel CF; Chalton DO; Leger PH; Robertson BA; Centre for Epidemiological Research in Southern Africa,; Parowvallei, CP.
The prevalence of a wide range of risk-taking behaviour among high-school students in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa , was investigated. In this article, the results for sexual behaviour are presented. Cluster sampling techniques produced a sample of 7,340 students from 16 school
Sex Transm Dis. 1993 Jul-Aug;20(4):201-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94024398
Potter LB; Anderson JE; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD/HIV; Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Use of condoms is one of the main methods sexually active persons may choose to prevent infection with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Little is known about patterns of condom use among women in the United States .
Ferraro FJ Jr; Rush BF Jr; Ruark D; Oleske J; Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey.
The incidence of benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid gland in patients afflicted with HIV has increased. Enucleation is a safe and effective procedure that provides the patient with complete removal of the cyst and a low recurrence rate. Enucleation of these parotid cysts should be considered in treating th
Shoop SA; Sackier JM; University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90048.
A case of intermittent cecal volvulus in an immunocompromised patient is presented. This patient, whose bowel was viable, was managed successfully by laparoscopic cecopexy. As a clinical entity, cecal volvulus usually presents as either an unrelenting process, culminating in gangrenous bowel, or as an intermittent, re
Yamasaki T; Kikuchi H; Shima N; Paine JT; Moritake K; Yamabe H; Department or Neurosurgery, Shimane Medical University, Izumo,; Japan.
The authors report five patients with primary intracerebral non-Hodgkin s lymphoma who were treated with several cycles of intra-arterial injection of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nit- rosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) at doses of 80 to 100 mg/m2/inject
Expectation of life at birth in the United States rose to a record high of 75.7 years in 1992. Life expectancy for newborn boys and girls also established new peaks, namely 72.2 years and 79.1 years, respectively. Just as noteworthy has been the recent marked reduction in the racial lo
Thromb Res. 1993 Aug 1;71(3):175-84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94024771
Morfini M; Longo G; Berntorp E; Cinotti S; Filimberti E; Messori A; Nilsson IM; Rossi Ferrini P; Department of Hematology & Hemophilia Center, University of; Florence, Italy.
The pharmacokinetic profile, the thrombogenicity and the virus safety of Preconativ, a PCC subjected both to virus removal procedure and dry-heat treatment were studied. Preconativ is produced from plasma pool, negative both for HBsAg and for antibodies to HIV. To further reduce the risk of virus transmission, the man
Ohishi K; Nagasato K; Aoi W; Nakamura T; Ichinose K; Nishiura Y; Satoh A; Tsujihata M; Shibata Y; Nagataki S; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School; of Medicine, Japan.
Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitoring were used to investigate cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM). The subjects were 23 patients with HAM, and 23 sex- and age-matched normotensive healthy volunteers (controls). Ci
Devine P; Linden JV; Hoffstadter LK; Postoway N; Hines D; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Harvard; Community Health Plan, Boston, Massachusetts.
Approximately 2154 regional blood centers and hospital-based blood banks and transfusion services responded to the 1991 American Association of Blood Banks Institutional Membership Questionnaire that elicited data from 1990. Information from 2144 institutions was considered valid. Questionnaire topics were donor blood
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev, are important potential targets for the development of new drug therapies against HIV infection. Both proteins are highly specific RNA-binding proteins that recognize cis-acting regulatory elements in the viral mRNAs. These interactions are fas
Kidd IM; Fox JC; Pillay D; Charman H; Griffiths PD; Emery VC; Division of Communicable Diseases, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust; and School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that amplifies a 149 base pair fragment of the cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B gene was used in the routine screening of 548 urine and 248 blood specimens from immunocompromised patients. The PCR results were compared with those obtained for t
Hadden JW; Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Medical; College, Tampa 33612.
Nonspecific immunostimulation has progressed from crude microbially derived substances to chemically defined drugs with selective effects on different components of the immune system. John Hadden describes how immunopharmacological analyses of structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics and immunopharmacodynami
Yarchoan R; Mitsuya H; Broder S; Retroviral Diseases Section, National Cancer Institute, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Drugs that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication have been shown to have clinical utility in patients with HIV infection. However, the immunological improvement induced by available anti-HIV therapies in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is incomplete and transient. Explanations
The most common indication for oocyte donation is ovarian insufficiency due to premature menopause or resistant ovarian syndrome and ovarian dysgenesis with either normal or abnormal (e.g. Turner s syndrome) karyotype. In Denmark , o
Ugeskr Laeger. 1993 Aug 23;155(34):2623-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94025355
Fouchard JR; Smith E; Haff J; Pedersen B; Knudsen MH; Nielsen H; Institut for Social Medicin, Kobenhavns Universitet.
In October 1991, 1.567 gay/bisexual men throughout Denmark returned an anonymous questionnaire enclosed in the magazine of the National Gay and Lesbian Association. Most were younger, well educated men living in the Copenhagen area.
Hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis are serious complications to the rather harmless upper bowel infection with Strongyloides stercoralis. The infection is endemic in tropical and subtropical climates as well as in many parts of Eastern Europe. Systemic strongyloidiasis occurs mainly in immunosup
Lamb RA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Department; of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern; University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500.
Ruddle NH; Li CB; Horne WC; Santiago P; Troiano N; Jay G; Horowitz M; Baron R; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University; School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
HTLV-I infection can result in adult T cell leukemia with accompanying hypercalcemia and increased bone resorption. A viral etiology has also been invoked for Paget s disease, a disease of high bone turnover. Delineation of pathogenetic mechanisms of viral-associated bone diseases has been impeded by the complexity of
Ritter GD Jr; Mulligan MJ; Lydy SL; Compans RW; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; 35294-0005.
The processing and biological activity of envelope glycoproteins of pathogenic and nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) was compared using recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs). The env glycoprotein of the nonpathogenic SIVmac1A11 virus caused much larger and more numerous syncytia than the glycoprotein
Potts BJ; Field KG; Wu Y; Posner M; Cavacini L; White-Scharf M; Repligen Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) binds to the surface of CD4 positive lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages via a high affinity interaction between CD4 and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 and is internalized by fusion of the virus and the cell membrane. The third variable (V3) domain of gp120 also plays a central
Niederman TM; Hastings WR; Ratner L; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,; St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
The negative factor, Nef, of HIV-1 was found to associate to an extent of 16-42% with the detergent insoluble cytoskeletal fraction of T lymphocytes. Furthermore, Escherichia coli expressed Nef protein was found to bind during in vitro reactions with the cytoskeletal matrix to an extent of 30-50%. Cytoskeletal associa
Simian immunodeficiency viruses from African green monkeys (SIVagm) can be classified into three subgroups based upon the species from which they were isolated. The most extensively studied subgroup are composed of SIVagm isolated from vervet monkeys (Cercopithicus pygerythrus). Fewer isolates have been characterized
Dickie P; Ramsdell F; Notkins AL; Venkatesan S; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
The pathophysiological consequence of HIV-1 nef gene expression was investigated in transgenic mice carrying a cDNA for Nef linked to either the HIV-1 LTR or the MMTV LTR. In HIV/Nef transgenic mouse lines, nef expression was detected exclusively in the skin and a significant fraction of HIV/Nef transgenic animals (30
Bonnez W; Rose RC; Da Rin C; Borkhuis C; de Mesy Jensen KL; Reichman RC; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of; Medicine and Dentistry, New York.
We report propagation of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 in human xenografts in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse and compare this new animal model for HPV infection to the previously established athymic nude mouse model. HPV-11-infected foreskin fragments grafted under the renal capsule of SCID mic
Isarangkura P; Mahaphan W; Chiewsilp P; Chuansumrit A; Hathirat P; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi; Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
HIV seroconversion was reported in 2 haemophiliacs after having corrective orthopaedic surgery. They received solvent-detergent/heat-treated factor VIII concentrate, HIV-seronegative cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma during the course of surgery. HIV seroconversion was found on days 31 and 71 after surgery. It i
West J Med. 1993 Aug;159(2):153-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94025727
Galgiani JN; Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,; Tucson, AZ 85723.
Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States and other parts of the western hemisphere. Although producing a wide range of disorders in healthy persons, immunosuppression predisposes to especially severe disease. Thus, a knowledge of the p
Based on a consecutive autopsy series of 184 patients with AIDS, a critical review of the pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) is given. The lesions can be divided into three groups: 1. opportunistic/non-opportunistic infections, 2. changes due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and 3. neoplasms. The
Burke DS; Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Rockville, MD 20850.
A review of the history of vaccine therapy for infectious diseases is presented. The concept originated when Auzias-Turenne introduced syphilitic vaccination or syphilization as a treatment for syphilis in Paris in the mid-1800s; his clinical studies probably influenced Pasteur s successful rabies postexposure v
Nathanson N; McGann KA; Wilesmith J; Desrosiers RC; Brookmeyer R; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania,; Philadelphia 19104.
The evolution of virus diseases, both their emergence and disappearance, involves complex interactions between the agent, the host, and the environment. These themes are illustrated by three examples, poliomyelitis of humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy of cattle, and AIDS of humans. Emergence may be due to evolu
Sheremata WA; Harrington WJ Jr; Bradshaw PA; Foung SK; Raffanti SP; Berger JR; Snodgrass S; Resnick L; Poiesz BJ; Department of Neurology, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of; Miami, FL.
Jamaican Neuropathy of the ataxic type (tropical ataxic neuropathy [TAN] and spastic type (tropical spastic paraparesis [TSP]) have been recognized for over a century in Jamaica. The recent association of TSP with HTLV-I (TSP/HAM) is now well established. We now present evidence for a possible association between a TA
Kawczynski W; Czochralska B; Shugar D; Department of Biophysics, University of Warsaw, Poland.
Previous studies on electrochemical reduction of the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine (Zidovudine, AZT ) and several of its analogues, have been extended to 2 -AZdT and two of the intracellular metabolites of AZT, the 5 -
Quantified magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was related to neuropsychological (NP) test scores in an asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive group, a non-demented AIDS/ARC group, a group of subjects with HIV-1 dementia , and a seronegative control group. The MRIs were quantified using three
Grassi MP; Perin C; Clerici F; Zocchetti C; Cargnel A; Mangoni A; Clinica Neurologica I, Universita degli Studi di Milano.
Twenty-five HIV-seropositive drug abusers (DA+HIV+) (groups II-III and IV [A, C2 and E] of the CDC classification) were evaluated by use of the WAIS scale to determine any possible involvement of cognitive functions in the not yet overt phases of AIDS. The results were compared with those obtained in two control popul
Wu E; Dickson DW; Jacobson S; Raine CS; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Albert Einstein College; of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
Detailed neuropathologic and immunohistologic analysis of a case of serologically and polymerase chain reaction-confirmed human immunodeficiency virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is reported in a 73-year-old North American black woman. In addition to the usual neuropath
Morgello S; Soifer FM; Lin CS; Wolfe DE; Division of Neuropathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York; City, NY 10029.
Hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis is rare in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), despite endemicity in areas where infection with human immunodeficiency virus is highly prevalent. We autopsied two patients with AIDS and disseminated Strongyloides and describe their central nervous system findings. T
Am Heart J. 1993 Oct;126(4):904-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94026659
Tentolouris C; Kontozoglou T; Toutouzas P; Department of Cardiology, University of Athens, Hippokration; Hospital, Greece.
We report three patients of the same family with linear calcification of the ascending aorta, severe calcific mixed aortic valve disease associated with increased levels of globulins, lambda-chain gammopathy, an increased T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio, and other immunologic abnormalities. None of the patients had syphilis, a
Meyer JL; Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Francis Memorial; Hospital, San Francisco, California 94120.
Twenty-five patients were treated with whole-lung irradiation for symptomatic pulmonary KS. Treatment was most often given four days per week, 150 cGy per fraction, to 1050-1500 cGy (mean 1224 cGy). No acute toxicity was observed. 89% of patients completing therapy reported improvement in dyspnea. All patients respond
Komitowski DD; Helfrich SI; Schmitt BA; Freese KU; German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.
There is evidence that certain lesions of the oral mucosa, such as hairy leukoplakia (HL), in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus correlate with the subsequent development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The authors suggest that HL is a final manifestation of alterations that gradually devel
Fein JA; Friedland LR; Rutstein R; Bell LM; Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of; Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania 19104.
OBJECTIVE--To provide an approach toward the diagnosis of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the acute care setting. DESIGN--Patient reports and review of recent literature. SETTING--Emergency departments or acute care clinics. SELECTION PROCEDURES--Analysis of important recent clinical publ
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1993;19(3):299-307. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94026923
Haberman PW; French JF; Chin J; New Jersey Department of Health, Division of Alcoholism, Trenton; 08625-0362.
Patterns of HIV infection and IV drug use in 697 Essex and Hudson Counties, New Jersey, 1986-1987 Medical Examiner (ME) cases, aged 15-59 years, were examined. All cases had toxicology tests for drugs and had been autopsied. Postmortem stored sera were blind-tested and confirmed for the presence of HIV-1-antibody by t
Two thousand thirty-three hospital emergency room (ER) patients who were current, active injecting drug users (IDUs) were voluntary participants in a pretest, posttest research project which utilized a nursing model, the Personalized Nursing LIGHT Model, as a counseling approach to decrease high-risk AIDS behaviors. T
Easterbrook PJ; Chmiel JS; Hoover DR; Saah AJ; Kaslow RA; Kingsley LA; Detels R; Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
To determine whether the excess prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in US black and Hispanic homosexual men relative to white men can be explained by differences in sociodemographic factors, history of sexually transmitted diseases, or sexual and drug-use behaviors, the authors conducte
Am J Hematol. 1993 Nov;44(3):207-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027005
Azzi A; Fanci R; Ciappi S; Zakrzewska K; Bosi A; Microbiology Institute, University of Florence, Italy.
We report the results of a survey of parvovirus B19 infection carried out with the aim to evaluate the frequency and the role of this infection in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients, as it is known that B19 virus can persist in clinical circumstances of immunodeficiency. Fifty-one patients subjected to BMT in the
Greenberg S; Reiser IW; Chou SY; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Brookdale Hospital; Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212.
In a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a progressive increase in the serum potassium concentration occurred with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In this patient, factors known to alter transcellular potassium shifts to induce hyperkalemia
Am J Med Sci. 1993 Oct;306(4):207-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027133
Gongora-Biachi RA; Gonzalez-Martinez P; Castros-Sansores C; Pavia-Ruz N; Rudolph DL; Lal RB; Laboratory of Hematology, Regional Research Centers DR. Hideyo; Noguchi, University of Yucatan, Merida Yucatan, Mexico.
The antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I/II (HTLV-I/II) were determined in non-intravenous drug-using female prostitutes from Merida Yucatan, Mexico . Serum specimens from 282 female prostitutes collected during 1990 were tested initially by enzyme immunoassay and further
Am J Med Sci. 1993 Oct;306(4):236-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027138
Haught WH; Steinbach J; Zander DS; Wingo CS; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Bacillary angiomatosis is a newly characterized infectious disease occurring mainly in patients with AIDS. Most patients have cutaneous angiomatosis lesions resembling Kaposi s sarcoma or pyogenic granuloma. Although the disease may be life-threatening if not treated, it is curable with appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Am J Ophthalmol. 1993 Oct 15;116(4):472-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027232
Garrity JA; Herman DC; Imes R; Fries P; Hughes CF; Campbell RJ; Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
Visual dysfunction developing in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be multifactorial. Two patients with this syndrome and cryptococcal meningitis had papilledema and visual loss. Both were treated by optic nerve sheath fenestration. One patient had bilateral nonsimultaneous optic nerve she
Am J Pathol. 1993 Oct;143(4):1032-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027253
Lee SC; Hatch WC; Liu W; Kress Y; Lyman WD; Dickson DW; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Albert Einstein College; of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
Central nervous system disease is a frequent finding in both pediatric and adult AIDS. Microglia have been shown to be the major target of HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system. However, studies in vitro concerning susceptibility of human microglia to HIV-1 infection reported conflicting results; microglia fro
Am J Pathol. 1993 Oct;143(4):1072-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027259
Hamilton-Dutoit SJ; Rea D; Raphael M; Sandvej K; Delecluse HJ; Gisselbrecht C; Marelle L; van Krieken HJ; Pallesen G; Laboratory of Immunohistology, Aarhus University Hospital,; Denmark.
We investigated 49 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas (ARLs) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by Southern blotting and in situ hybridization and, in positive cases, used cryostat immunohistology to compare EBV-latent gene expression (EBV encoded small RNA-1 [EBER-1], EBV nuclear antigen-2 [EBNA-2], laten
Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Nov;150(11):1674-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027466
Kertzner RM; Goetz R; Todak G; Cooper T; Lin SH; Reddy MM; Novacenko H; Williams JB; Ehrhardt AA; Gorman JM; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State; Psychiatric Institute, New York.
OBJECTIVE: Alteration in cortisol levels has been reported in HIV infection and may be related to levels of psychiatric distress and immune function. The goals of this study were to assess cortisol levels in subjects with HIV infection and to determine whether stress-related activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ad
Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Nov;150(11):1679-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027467
Kelly JA; Murphy DA; Bahr GR; Kalichman SC; Morgan MG; Stevenson LY; Koob JJ; Brasfield TL; Bernstein BM; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Sciences, Medical; College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
OBJECTIVE: Although many studies have documented patterns of emotional distress in persons with HIV disease, there have been few controlled evaluations of therapy outcomes with these individuals. This research evaluated the effects of brief cognitive-behavioral or social support group therapy with this population. MET
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1385-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027520
De Cock KM; Lucas SB; Lucas S; Agness J; Kadio A; Gayle HD; Project RETRO-CI in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa.
By the end of the century, citizens of resource-poor countries will constitute 90% of the world s human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people. Clinical management of such persons in developing countries has been neglected; most AIDS research has concentrated on epidemiology, and donor agencies have generally in
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1390-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027521
Brunswick AF; Aidala A; Dobkin J; Howard J; Titus SP; Banaszak-Holl J; Columbia University Department of Public Health (Sociomedical; Sciences), New York, NY 10032.
OBJECTIVES. Previous attempts at obtaining population estimates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence have been beset by problems of cooperation bias. As part of the fourth round of study with an urban African-American community cohort, the following investigation was aimed at assessing HIV-1 p
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1395-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027522
Smith KW; McGraw SA; Crawford SL; Costa LA; McKinlay JB; New England Research Institute, Watertown, Mass. 02172.
OBJECTIVES. Latino adolescents in two urban New England areas were surveyed to assess risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. METHODS. Probability of HIV infection during the previous 6 months was estimated from self-reported sexual contacts, condom usage rates, and number of partners. Teens were also
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1400-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027523
Leigh BC; Temple MT; Trocki KF; Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, Berkeley, Calif.; 94709.
OBJECTIVES. One consequence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has been to highlight the need for population-based estimates of the number of individuals engaging in sexual behaviors that place them at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This paper describes the prevalence of
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1409-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027524
Thompson JL; Yager TJ; Martin JL; School of Public Health, Division of Sociomedical Sciences,; Columbia University, New York, NY.
OBJECTIVES. Condoms are designed to bar transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but they sometimes fail. This paper explores the effect of experience with condoms on condom failure among gay men. METHODS. Risk of condom failure (breakage or slippage) on a single occasion is estimated for four sexual ac
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1414-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027525
Reardon J; Warren N; Keilch R; Jenssen D; Wise F; Brunner W; Contra Costa County Health Services Department, Public Health; Division, Martinez, Calif. 94553-4669.
OBJECTIVES. Knowledge of infection is essential for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) treatment initiation and epidemic control. This study evaluates infection knowledge among infected injection drug users and acceptance of confidential testing among injection drug users, particularly those infected with HIV
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1418-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027526
Pavia AT; Benyo M; Niler L; Risk I; Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Utah Department of; Health, Salt Lake City.
OBJECTIVES. We sought to evaluate the utility of partner notification for control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to identify subgroups in which it may be most effective. METHODS. All persons reported to be HIV-positive during a 2-year period were interviewed. Outcome measures included proportion o
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1425-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027527
Curtis JR; Patrick DL; Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of; Washington, Seattle 98105.
OBJECTIVE. This study summarizes the evidence concerning the association of Black and White race with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) survival time. METHODS. English-language articles measuring survival time with AIDS for Black and White persons were reviewed. Each article was assigned to one of three groups
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1429-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027528
Chu SY; Buehler JW; Lieb L; Beckett G; Conti L; Costa S; Dahan B; Danila R; Fordyce EJ; Hirozawa A; et al; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease; Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333.
OBJECTIVES. This study describes causes of death in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and assesses the completeness of reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or AIDS on death certificates of persons with AIDS. METHODS. AIDS case reports were linked with death certificates in 11
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1433-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027529
Kelly JJ; Chu SY; Buehler JW; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
OBJECTIVE. This study monitors trends in place of death among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a measure of health care usage patterns and terminal health care among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS. Sixteen health departments collected death certificates for 5
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1438-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027530
Schillo BA; Reischl TM; Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing; 48824-1117.
OBJECTIVES. The present study examined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related knowledge and precautionary behaviors in a large random sample of registered nurses in all regions of the state of Michigan, allowing for comparisons among nurses in a wide range of occupational experiences, exposures, and backgrounds re
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1451-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027532
de Wit JB; van den Hoek JA; Sandfort TG; van Griensven GJ; Department of Gay and Lesbian Studies, Utrecht University, The; Netherlands.
Results are presented from two sources, data of which indicate an increase in high-risk sexual behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among homosexual men. The number of cases of gonorrhea among homosexual and bisexual visitors to municipal sexually transmitted disease clinics in Amsterdam, The
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1454-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027533
Gellert GA; Maxwell RM; Higgins KV; Pendergast T; Wilker N; Orange County Health Care Agency, Santa Ana, Calif.
The incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injection drug users, prostitutes, and other women seeking confidential testing in the Orange County Women s Jail were assessed from 1985 to 1991. A total of 4616 voluntary tests were completed on 3051 women, and 865 women were tested r
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1457-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027534
Rosenblum L; Buehler JW; Morgan MW; Costa S; Hidalgo J; Holmes R; Lieb L; Shields A; Whyte B; Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases,; Atlanta, Ga 30333.
To evaluate the accuracy of computerized medical-record coding for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), medical charts were reviewed in six sites. In 7601 hospital and 867 Medicaid records with a listed diagnosis of HIV, the predictive value for HIV was 91% or higher. HIV was identified in 34% of 1155 Medicaid records
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1460-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027535
Phillips KA; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San; Francisco 94105.
Increasing knowledge is an important goal of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategies, although increased knowledge may not be associated with increased preventive behaviors. This study examines the association of (1) objective and subjective acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge, and (2)
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1463-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027536
McCusker J; Stoddard AM; Zapka JG; Lewis BF; School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
This paper reports the behavioral outcomes of informational vs enhanced small-group educational interventions for drug users among 407 subjects in a short-term drug treatment program. Logistic regression was used to analyze drug use and sexual behaviors at the final follow-up visit. Among lower risk subjects, the enha
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1466-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027537
Amass L; Bickel WK; Higgins ST; Budney AJ; Foerg FE; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington; 05401.
Drug abuse treatment programs can help reduce high-risk sexual behavior in drug users by promoting condom use. This study examined the influence of distribution location and poster prompts on the taking of free condoms in a drug abuse treatment clinic. Over 6 months, condoms were available alternately, with and withou
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1471-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027539
Bayer R; Fairchild-Carrino A; School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.
We undertook a survey to document the extent to which public health powers have been used to warn or restrict individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) whose behavior poses a risk of transmission to others. In the period from 1981 through 1990, 24 state health departments either had no mechanism for
Am J Public Health. 1993 Oct;83(10):1477-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027540
Fee E; Krieger N; School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University,; Baltimore, Md.
The popular and scientific understanding of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States has been shaped by successive historical constructions or paradigms of disease. In the first paradigm, AIDS was conceived of as a gay plague, by analogy with the sudden, devastati
van Hoeven KH; Factor SM; Kress Y; Woodruff JM; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, New York.
We report a primary smooth-muscle tumor of undetermined malignant potential of the liver in a child with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This patient represents the eighth child infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who developed a mesenchymal tumor other than Kaposi s sarcoma. All these children
Am J Surg. 1993 Oct;166(4):403-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027601
Shaha AR; DiMaio T; Webber C; Thelmo W; Jaffe BM; Department of Surgery, SUNY-Health Science Center at Brooklyn.
Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy has been well described in patients with seropositivity to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Moreover, isolated enlargement of the parotid gland and parotid lymphadenopathy have been noted much more frequently over the past few years. Histologically, these lesions demonstra
Am J Dermatopathol. 1993 Aug;15(4):358-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027720
Perrin C; Durant JM; Lacour JP; Michiels JF; Dellamonica P; Ortonne JP; Department of Pathology, Hopital Pasteur, Nice, France.
We present a case of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP)-like eruption, in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, clinically characterized by follicular papules with some elongated spines and comedo-like lesions. The lesions were located on the back, flanks, and proximal extremities. Orthokeratotic
Grossman CJ; Nienaber M; Mendenhall CL; Hurtubise P; Roselle GA; Rouster S; Weber N; Schmitt G; Gartside PS; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service,; Cincinnati, OH 45220.
Although it is clear that both alcohol and sex hormones impact immune function, very little information is available on the effects of alcohol on immune response in males versus females. We decided to determine if the alterations in immune response resulting from alcohol feeding might be expressed differently in males
Am Psychol. 1993 Sep;48(9):972-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028294
Gardner W; Wilcox BL; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of; Medicine, PA 15213-2593.
In 1991, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) rescinded funding for a survey of adolescent health risk-taking behavior. The decision overturned a series of scientific and ethical peer and administrative reviews of the research, which had been chosen in a competitive evaluation of proposals to advance knowl
Baron AD; Hollander H; Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco; 94143.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is unusual in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and it most often occurs in the setting of other risk factors, such as neutropenia or cytotoxic drug use. We noted an increasing number of pulmonary isolates of this organism in our clinic population and sought to d
Am Surg. 1993 Oct;59(10):679-84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028360
Adolph MD; Bass SN; Lee SK; Blum JM; Schreiber H; Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; 44104.
Abdominal pain and fever in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may indicate cytomegaloviral ( CMV ) acalculous cholecystitis. We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and outcome data from 12 patients with CMV cholecystitis. Ten of 12 patients we
Ann Intern Med. 1993 Nov 15;119(10):1001-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028365
Jones BN; Teng EL; Folstein MF; Harrison KS; Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the Mental Alternation Test, a new 60-second bedside test of cognition, with the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the Trailmaking Test, parts A and B, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN: Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-two inpatients with HIV infection. SETTI
Ann Intern Med. 1993 Nov 15;119(10):1017-28. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028368
Cherubin CE; Sapira JD; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
PURPOSE: To review changes in the medical complications of drug abuse that have occurred since the authors reviewed them 25 years ago. DATA SOURCE: Manual search of the internal medicine and subspecialty literature of the past three decades that was selected by the authors. STUDY SELECTION: Selected studies were of th
Ann Intern Med. 1993 Nov 1;119(9):895-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028393
Rabeneck L; Gyorkey F; Genta RM; Gyorkey P; Foote LW; Risser JM; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infection with Microsporidia leads to diarrhea in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Primary care outpatient HIV clinic at a Veterans Affairs medical center. PATIENTS: One hundred six HIV-infected men, 55 with and 51 without
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Sep 20;694:195-201. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028530
Archibald DW; Farley JJ Jr; Hebert CA; Hines SE; Nair P; Johnson JP; Department of Oral Pathology Dental School, University of; Maryland at Baltimore 21201.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1993 Sep;75(5):330-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028631
Corlett MP; England DW; Kidner NL; Attard AR; Fraser IA; Department of Surgery, Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry.
Intact surgical gloves provide an efficient barrier against the HIV and Hepatitis B viruses but glove perforations are common, particularly during mass closure of laparotomy wounds. Attempts to develop gloves immune to perforation have failed. A series of 100 consecutive laparotomy wounds were randomised to mass closu
Ann Neurol. 1993 Oct;34(4):561-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028756
Chariot P; Monnet I; Gherardi R; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Hospital Henri Mondor,; Creteil, France.
Zidovudine can induce a mitochondrial myopathy with ragged-red fibers and partial cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. In an attempt to improve histological assessment of zidovudine myopathy, we evaluated cytochrome c oxidase histochemical reaction in the muscle of 10 patients with biopsy-proven zidovudine myopathy (Group
Ann Neurol. 1993 Oct;34(4):619-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94028765
Tan SV; Guiloff RJ; Scaravilli F; Klapper PE; Cleator GM; Gazzard BG; Department of Neurology, Westminster Hospital, London.
A severe acute necrotizing herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis, apparently mediated by macrophages or cytokines or both, was seen in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The necrosis had a distribution similar to that seen in immunocompetent subjects. Viral inclusions were abundant and meningeal rea
Schinazi RF; Sijbesma R; Srdanov G; Hill CL; Wudl F; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine,; Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
The bis(monosuccinimide) derivative of p,p -bis(2-aminoethyl)diphenyl-C60 (compound 1), prepared by the fulleroid route, is active against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 (50% effective concentration [EC50] averaging approximately 6 microM) in acutely or chronically infected human lymphocytes and
Gollapudi SV; Chuah SK; Harvey T; Thadepalli HD; Thadepalli H; Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of; Medicine and Science, UCLA School of Medicine 90059.
We investigated the in vivo effects of rufloxacin and ciprofloxacin on T-cell subsets and tumor necrosis factor production in mice infected with Bacteroides fragilis. These quinolones did not alter the helper/suppressor ratio but did modulate the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor production in infected animals. This r
Zelphati O; Degols G; Loughrey H; Leserman L; Pompon A; Puech F; Maggio AF; Imbach JL; Gosselin G; Centre d'Immunologie, Institut National de la Sante et de la; Recherche Medicale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; de Marseille-Luminy Case 906, France.
Among the 2 ,3 -dideoxynucleoside 5 -triphosphates containing a physiological base, 2 ,3 -dideoxyuridine 5 -triphosphate (ddUTP) has been reported to be among the most powerful inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) in cell-free systems. However, in contrast to other dideoxynucleos
Luzier A; Morse GD; Center for Clinical Pharmacy Research, State University of New; York, Buffalo 14260.
Knowledge of drug protein-binding and blood cell partitioning may be important for evaluating the pharmacokinetic parameters of zidovudine, particularly because of its intracellular site of action and potential to induce side effects. Equilibrium dialysis studies of zidovudine were performed over 2 h to identify the e
In cultured MRC-5 cells, ganciclovir (GCV) alone had good activity against both the established AD169 strain (IC50 8 and 9 microM) and a clinical isolate (IC50 14 microM) of human cytomegalovirus ( CMV ), while 3 -azido-3 -deox
Ann Rheum Dis. 1993 Aug;52(8):570-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94029197
Munoz-Fernandez S; Macia MA; Pantoja L; Cardenal A; Pena JM; Martin Mola E; Balsa A; Barbado FJ; Vazquez JJ; Gijon Banos J; Rheumatology Unit, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autonoma de; Madrid, Spain.
OBJECTIVES--To determine (a) the influence of HIV in developing osteoarticular infections in intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) and (b) the differences between the clinical features of osteoarticular infections in IVDAs and a control group of non-IVDAs. METHODS--A comparative study of the clinical features of osteoartic
Gentry EM; Nowak G; Salmon CT; Gerbert B; Bleecker T; Colclough GJ; Cynamon ML; Sanders L; Jason JM; Research and Evaluation Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
BACKGROUND: The 1990 report of a cluster of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with a Florida dentist with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome attracted considerable media coverage and legislative attention. A number of polls found that the public favored mandatory HIV-antibody tes
McCormick WC; Peterman D; Johnson DW; Locke T; Weisel T; Wood RW; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview; Medical Center, Seattle.
BACKGROUND: We evaluated an initiative to recruit and to educate physicians to care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in King County, Washington, and to refer patients to them through a centralized telephone referral service (the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]/HIV Care Access Pro
Meyer GS; General Internal Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital,; Boston.
The dangers of occupational infection (where the infectious agent was acquired during the provision or receipt of a medical service) have received renewed interest in the era of the human immunodeficiency virus. The dilemmas raised by this phenomenon, however, are far from novel and were the subject of considerable de
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1993 Feb;86 Spec No 2:21-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94029418
Lanfranchi J; Namade M; Sachs RN; Robineau M; Service de medecine interne et de cardiologie, hopital; Avicenne, Bobigny.
Myocardial involvement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is well established on clinical data, echocardiographic studies, macropathological findings and histological studies on autopsy or endomyocardial biopsy specimens. The condition may present with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction with a low ejecti
Tan B; Weldon-Linne CM; Rhone DP; Penning CL; Visvesvara GS; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Metropolitan; Group Hospitals, Chicago.
Acanthamoeba organisms are a well-known, although rare, cause of central nervous system infection in immunodeficient hosts, including those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Extracerebral acanthamebiasis, with the exception of contact lens-associated keratitis, is reported but little emphasized in the liter
Tsang WY; Chan JK; Chan SK; Institute of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
Pathologists and clinicians performing fine-needle aspiration for cytologic diagnosis are at risk of finger injury by the needle during the aspiration procedure. To prevent this occurrence and its accompanying potential for transmitting serious pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus,
Mattos K; Queiroz C; Pecanha-Martins AC; Publio L; Vinhas V; Melo A; Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brasil.
HTLV-I associated myelopathy has been described as a systemic disease characterized by manifestations in several organs outside the nervous system. We report inflammatory pulmonary involvement in patients with diagnosis of HAM.
Yasuda N; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Unviersity of Sao; Paulo, Brasil.
Considerations are made on the role of HTLV-I in the etiopathogeny of HAM/TSP. Neuroepidemiologic data reported in the literature are revisited for this purpose. Among results of this evaluation it is pointed-out that the Okinawan Community of Brazil presents ethnographic and demog
Kuppermann BD; Flores-Aguilar M; Quiceno JI; Rickman LS; Freeman WR; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical response and patient tolerance to daily infusions of both ganciclovir sodium and foscarnet sodium for the treatment of clinically resistant cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Nine pat
van Son N; Bosman AJ; Lamore PJ; Smoorenburg GF; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Utrecht,; The Netherlands.
In providing profoundly hearing-impaired persons with processed speech through a signal-processing hearing aid, it is important that the new speech code matches their auditory capacities. This processing capacity for auditory information was investigated in this study. In part 1, the subjects ability to judge similar
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1993 May;33(2):174-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94029806
Gabriel V; Packham DR; Westmead Hospital, New South Wales.
The risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread by heterosexual contact is emerging as a risk factor for women in Sydney in the 1990 s. As shown by this study, heterosexual exposure to the virus accounted for 40% of women in Western Sydney acquiring the disease between 1989-1991 inclusive, compared with 0% in 19
Chuang LF; Killam KF Jr; Chuang RY; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of; Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
Infection with simian immunodeficiency virus induces cytopathic effects on CEM x174 cells in vitro. Syncytium formation of SIV-infected CEM x174 cells was significantly enhanced in the presence of morphine sulfate, with a concomitant increase in the activity of cellular reverse transcriptase and in the expression of S
Maruyama I; Maruyama Y; Nakajima T; Kitajima I; Osame M; Zhao JQ; Chen IS; Nakai S; Ikeda M; Yabu-uchi Y; et al; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kagoshima; University, Japan.
Vesnarinone, a synthetic oral cardiotonic agent that has been used for treatment of patients with congestive heart failure, was found to inhibit replication of HIV-1 in a peripheral blood lymphocytes model and in chronically infected macrophages at clinically achieved concentrations. Vesnarinone has no direct inhibito
Mariette X; Agbalika F; Daniel MT; Bisson M; Lagrange P; Brouet JC; Morinet F; Service d'Immuno-Hematologie, Hopital Saint-Louis, France.
OBJECTIVE. To investigate whether human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) could be involved in the pathogenesis of Sjogren s syndrome (SS). METHODS. Labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsy specimens from 9 patients with SS (4 with primary SS and 5 with SS secondary to rheumatoid arthritis) and 9 controls were studied fo
JAMA. 1993 Nov 3;270(17):2083-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94017104
De Cock KM; Adjorlolo G; Ekpini E; Sibailly T; Kouadio J; Maran M; Brattegaard K; Vetter KM; Doorly R; Gayle HD; Projet RETRO-Cl, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 share modes of transmission, their epidemiologic characteristics differ and international spread of HIV-2 has been very limited. Recently, the prevalence of infection with HIV-1 but not HIV-2 has increased rapidly in different West African countries, where
Nielsen C; Pedersen C; Lundgren JD; Gerstoft J; Department of Virology, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen,; Denmark.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the biological properties of HIV isolates obtained at the time of primary infection, and relate this to the subsequent course of the infection. METHODS: Syncytium-inducing (SI) capacity, tropism for cell lines (MT4 and H9) and replication rate were determined in 49 HIV isolates obtained from
Dabis F; Msellati P; Dunn D; Lepage P; Newell ML; Peckham C; Van de Perre P; INSERM U 330, Universite de Bordeaux II, France.
PURPOSE: In the last 8 years, numerous cohort studies have been conducted to estimate the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Many of these have faced problems in data collection and analysis, making it difficult to compare transmission rates between studies. This workshop on methodological aspects of
Int Immunol. 1993 Aug;5(8):939-47. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94001811
Serpente N; Hemar A; Cefai D; Dautry-Varsat A; Fagard R; Fischer S; Vaquero C; Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Oncologie des Maladies; Retrovirales, INSERM U152, Institut Cochin de Genetique; Moleculaire, Paris, France.
In vivo infection of human T cell lymphocytes by HIV-1 is mediated by the specific binding of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to the T cell CD4 receptor. One of the post-infection events observed in vivo is the progressive loss of CD4+ T cells. One possible mechanism is the production of infected T cells which a
Anton F; Labarga P; Pinilla J; Soto MJ; Leoz A; del Cura J; Borque L; Milazzo A; Seccion de Medicina Interna, Central Hospital San Millan; INSALUD, Logrono.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between the number of CD4 lymphocytes, the CD4/CD8 ratio and the plasma levels of neopterin and beta-2 microglobulin, and the clinical status, risk of progression without of active opportunistic infections, among HIV-infected patients. METHODS: Seve
Kristjansson M; Green P; Manning HL; Slutsky AM; Brecher SM; von Reyn CF; Arbeit RD; Maslow JN; Infectious Disease Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,; Boston, Massachusetts.
Instillation into the urinary tract of the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is associated only rarely with severe side effects. We report here two cases of culture-proven pulmonary infection due to therapy with BCG. The first patient, who was seropositive for the human immunodeficiency
Poli G; Pantaleo G; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. As a consequence of the interaction of gp120 envelope with the CD4 receptor molecule expressed by a subset of T lymphocytes and by mononuclear phagocytes (MPs), a second envelope protein (gp41) mediates fusion of the virion membrane with the target membran
Stein MD; O'Sullivan PS; Ellis P; Perrin H; Wartenberg A; Brown University School of Medicine.
To establish the extent of health services, including inpatient, emergency room, and outpatient care utilized by illicit drug users during the previous year, we surveyed 77 drug abusers, who were not known to be HIV-positive, entering a detoxification unit and a comparison group of 70 drug nonusers. Over the previous
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1993;102(1):56-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94004041
Diez-Ruiz A; Kaiser G; Jager H; Birkmann J; Tilz GP; Wachter H; Fuchs D; Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of; Innsbruck, Austria.
Cytopathic mechanisms in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection involve syncytia formation, and it appears likely that increased expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is involved in these cell adhesion phenomena. In this study, we determined serum concentrations of soluble ICAM-1 (sIC
Cell Immunol. 1993 Oct 15;151(2):392-403. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94006600
Cohen DA; Fitzpatrick EA; Barve SS; Guthridge JM; Jacob RJ; Simmerman L; Kaplan AM; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington 40536-0084.
The mechanism by which CD4+ T cells are depleted during HIV infection remains a matter of controversy. Recent reports have suggested that activation-induced apoptosis of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells may lead ultimately to depletion of this T cell subset during HIV infection. The murine retroviral model of AIDS (MAIDS
Nicholson JK; Jones BM; Hubbard M; Immunology Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; 30333.
We evaluated a flow cytometric method for determining the proportion of CD4-positive T lymphocytes in whole blood using a single three-color tube containing fluorochrome-labeled CD45, CD3, and CD4. Various ways of gating this sample were evaluated and results were compared with data obtained in our standard six-tube,
Gungor T; Funk M; Linde R; Kynast I; Allendorf A; Lotz C; Ehrenforth S; Hofmann D; Kornhuber B; Kreuz W; Department of Haematology/Oncology, J. W. Goethe University,; Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
From 1988 to 1991 the long-term efficacy of a combined therapy with a polyvalent immunoglobulin/ cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) hyperimmunoglobulin, oral low dose zidovudine, oral cotrimoxazole or inhaled pentamidine was investigated i
FEBS Lett. 1993 Sep 27;331(1-2):182-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94009635
Kameoka M; Kimura T; Ikuta K; Section of Serology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced disease. We examined the effect of superoxide (O2-) on HIV-1 spread in cultured human CD4+ cell lines. The O2- significantly enhanced cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1, although its effect on HIV-1 rep
Nardelli B; Tam JP; Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University,; Nashville, TN 37232-2363.
This report investigates the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by in vivo administration of a synthetic antigen linked to a lipid moiety, tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine (P3C). The antigen consisted of a 17-mer peptide, derived from the gp120 envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-
Int J Pept Protein Res. 1993 Aug;42(2):204-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94011653
Mariniello L; Esposito C; Gentile V; Porta R; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Naples,; Italy.
Human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120, but not its precursor gp160, covalently incorporates both spermidine and glycine ethyl ester in the presence of Ca2+ and transglutaminase purified from guinea pig liver. The examined ability to act as enzyme substrate of various glutamine-containing gp120 fragm
Thoma-Greber E; Froschl M; Stolz W; Landthaler M; Plewig G; Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik,; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munchen.
Four HIV-antibody-positive patients in stages CDC II to CDC IV C2 with furuncles that had so far proved refractory to treatment were successfully treated with systemic application of recombined gamma-interferon, 50 micrograms s.c. on days 1, 2 and 3 of the first week with a new cycle after 3 weeks. A significant clini
Forder AA; Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of; Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
The general level of health care in any country will dictate to a large extent the amount of attention paid to the control of nosocomial infections. In South Africa the apartheid era, although initially supporting a strong economy, did little to foster a good education system amon
Tornatore KM; Reed K; Venuto RC; Center for Clinical Pharmacy Research, School of Pharmacy, State; University of New York, Buffalo.
Circulating lymphocytes play a major role in mediating allograft rejection. The peripheral lymphocyte count is influenced by methylprednisolone administration, however, the relationship of methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics to lymphocyte trafficking patterns and its effect on selected lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+)
Reddy MM; Grieco MH; R.A. Cooke Institute of Allergy, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital; Center, New York, New York 10019.
Soluble CD54 levels in sera were quantitated in asymptomatic intravenous drug users, homosexuals, and patients with lymphadenopathy, AIDS-related complex, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Soluble CD54 levels were elevated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative asymptomatic intravenous drug users, ref
Michael NL; Chang G; Ehrenberg PK; Vahey MT; Redfield RR; Department of Retroviral Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Rockville, MD 20850.
The RNA genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is established as proviral DNA in infected cells. Only some of these cells may actively produce the array of viral RNAs that support progeny virion production. In vivo expression of a subset of proviral genotypes could influence the experimental charact
Mofenson LM; Bethel J; Moye J Jr; Flyer P; Nugent R; Adolescent and Maternal AIDS Branch, National Institute of Child; Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on absolute CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4+ count) trends in human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV) infected children enrolled in a trial of IVIG for infection prophylaxis. To that end, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, outpatient trial comp
Guenter P; Muurahainen N; Simons G; Kosok A; Cohan GR; Rudenstein R; Turner JL; Department of Surgery, Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19146.
This investigation retrospectively studied relationships between survival in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive outpatients receiving recent therapies (n = 77) and two markers of nutritional status, serum albumin and percent of usual body weight. Subjects were observed for an average of 186 +/- 8 days; 19% died
Kaldor JM; Tindall B; Williamson P; Elford J; Cooper DA; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, School; of Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney,; Australia.
The relationship between the occurrence of Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) and a range of factors was studied in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men. Overall, 134 men had AIDS, including 46 for whom KS was the first AIDS-defining illness. The proportion of men diagnosed with AIDS whose first AIDS-defining illness was KS dec
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):169-76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016501
Klumpp SA; Novembre FJ; Anderson DC; Simon MA; Ringler DJ; McClure HM; Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University,; Atlanta, GA 30322.
Three of 12 infant rhesus macaques became infected at 9 to 12 months of age with SIVsmm through maternal-infant transmission. Clinical problems seen in one or more infants included decreased CD4 cells, hypergammaglobulinemia, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, bacterial infections, and terminal respiratory and CNS problem
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):177-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016502
Mandell CP; Jain NC; Miller CJ; Marthas M; Dandekar S; Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine,; University of California, Davis 95616.
Early hematologic changes were studied over a 14 day period in three groups of six rhesus macaques intravenously infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of SIVmac. Abnormalities in blood included a mild blood loss anemia, sporadic lymphopenia, and variable CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers. Prominent bone
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):194-200. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016504
Heeney J; Jonker R; Koornstra W; Dubbes R; Niphuis H; Di Rienzo AM; Gougeon ML; Montagnier L; Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, TNO-Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Differences in the in vivo and in vitro responses of T lymphocytes from chimpanzees and human subjects were compared for evidence of HIV-1 related T-cell dysfunction. There was no increased level of programmed cell death (PCD) in HIV-1 infected chimpanzees in contrast to asymptomatic individuals. Anergy could be induc
Smith J; Chi D; Salazar S; Krish G; Berk S; Reynolds S; Cambron G; Department of Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine,; East Tennessee State University, Johnson City.
We studied the effects of 30 minutes of exercise on T lymphocyte counts and proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 25 runners. Exercise resulted in a T lymphocytosis in the immediate post-exercise period in all subjects (p
Malim MH; Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania; School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6148.
Although a great deal is known about the regulation of gene expression in terms of transcription, relatively little is known about the modulation of pre-mRNA processing. In this study, we exploited a genetically regulated system, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and its trans-activator Rev, to examine event
Nature. 1993 Oct 14;365(6447):666-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94019820
Bukrinsky MI; Haggerty S; Dempsey MP; Sharova N; Adzhubel A; Spitz L; Lewis P; Goldfarb D; Emerman M; Stevenson M; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha 68198-5120.
Permissiveness of the host cell to productive infection by oncoretroviruses is cell-cycle dependent, and nuclear localization of viral nucleoprotein preintegration complexes will occur only after cells have passed through mitosis. In contrast, establishment of an integrated provirus after infection by the lentivirus H
Alger LS; Farley JJ; Robinson BA; Hines SE; Berchin JM; Johnson JP; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland; School of Medicine, Baltimore.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pregnancy outcome and the effect of pregnancy on the short-term course of HIV infection. METHODS: Pregnant women with identified risk factors for HIV infection but without AIDS were tested serologically for HIV antibodies. Seropositi
Gruden JF; Klein JS; Webb WR; Department of Radiology, San Francisco General Hospital 1X-55, CA; 94110.
PURPOSE: A retrospective study was performed to determine the success of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) as an aid in diagnosing focal chest and mediastinal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group wa
Sex Transm Dis. 1993 Jul-Aug;20(4):220-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94024401
Bansal J; Constantine NT; Zhang X; Callahan JD; Wasserman SS; Marsiglia VC; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of; Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
The degree of coinfections with blood-borne or sexually transmitted pathogens (HIV-1, HTLV-I/II, HBV, HCV, HDV, and Treponema pallidum) were assessed in individuals attending sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic and patients admitted to a hospital through the emergency room in Baltimore. Enzyme-linked immunosorb
Higgins SP; Bradbeer CS; Bateman NT; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital,; London.
BACKGROUND--The incidence of tuberculosis is increased in HIV positive patients. Purified protein derivative (PPD, tuberculin) testing has not been performed routinely on patients infected with HIV in the UK and its usefulness in diagnosing tuberculosis in these patients is unclear. METHODS--198 HIV positive patients
Drent M; Wagenaar S; van Velzen-Blad H; Mulder PG; Hoogsteden HC; van den Bosch JM; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam,; The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND--Plasma cells are usually absent in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is associated with increased numbers of T and B lymphocytes in BAL fluid, as well as the presence of a few plasma cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the
Dezzutti CS; Rudolph DL; Roberts CR; Lal RB; Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and; Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Eighteen long-term T-cell lines were established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) or II (HTLV-II). These cell lines (10 HTLV-I and 8 HTLV-II), representing diverse pathologic profiles and geographic regions, have been in culture for over 6
Bourinbaiar AS; Nagorny R; Pediatrics Department, NYU Medical Center, NY 10016.
An in vitro model of placental infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was established using human choriocarcinoma-derived trophoblast lines exposed to free HIV-1 or HIV-1-infected lymphocytic and monocytic cells. Virus infectivity was evaluated by measuring both the levels of p24 HIV-1 antigen and re
Foldes O; Uherova P; Mayer V; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of; Sciences, Bratislava.
The radioimmunoassay (RIA) with two commercial kits and the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were employed to test human and dog blood plasma levels of AZT following oral and intravenous administration of AZT preparations Retrovir and
Maly A; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of Czech; Republic, Prague.
Defective viral particles (DVP) were isolated from the medium of chicken myeloblasts transformed by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) in the absence of helper viruses (non-producer myeloblasts). A 60S genomic RNA complex of AMV was isolated from DVP and translated in vitro. The predominant translation product was the g
Am J Gastroenterol. 1993 Oct;88(10):1720-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94026943
Rabeneck L; Crane MM; Risser JM; Lacke CE; Wray NP; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, VA Medical; Center, Houston, Texas.
This study was designed to assess the relative contributions of HIV transmission category and immunodeficiency to the risk of HIV-related diarrhea. We reviewed the medical records of 169 HIV-infected non-AIDS patients seen between 1986 and 1990 at the Houston VA Special Medicine Clinic. The prevalence of diarrhea at a
Nakajima H; Iwamoto I; Yoshida S; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba University School; of Medicine, Japan.
In a murine model of airway late-phase reaction we have previously shown that antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways of sensitized mice is mediated by CD4+ T cells and interleukin-5. To determine whether interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) regulates antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways, we
Jurado RL; Campbell J; Martin PD; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Ga.
We present three patients with syphilis in which the prozone phenomenon was present--a very high antibody titer, leading to a false-negative test in undiluted specimens. One of our three patients was positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), another was at risk for HIV infection, and had some clinical findings
DNA Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;12(8):685-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94000395
Potash MJ; Li G; Shahabuddin M; Pellegrino MG; Volsky DJ; Molecular Virology Laboratory, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital; Center, New York, NY.
We have previously shown that during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vitro continued reverse transcription is required for stable HIV-1 production, but entry by progeny virus is not. To determine the source of the viral RNA reverse-transcribed late in infection, we employed inhibitors of HIV-1
Suzuki K; Craddock BP; Okamoto N; Kano T; Steigbigel RT; Biomedical Research Center, Olympus Corporation, East Setauket,; NY 11733.
A colorimetric assay for detection of reverse transcriptase (RT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was developed using oligodeoxythymidylic acid (oligo-dT)-linked magnetic beads and digoxigenin-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dig-dUTP). During the RT reaction, dig-dUTP was incorporated into oligo-dT which had been
Re MC; Zauli G; Gibellini D; Furlini G; Ramazzotti E; Monari P; Ranieri S; Capitani S; La Placa M; Institute of Microbiology, University of Bologna, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanism underlying the poor growth in vitro of haematopoietic progenitor cells isolated from HIV-1-infected patients. METHOD: Apoptotic death in liquid culture of bone-marrow CD34+ cells obtained from 11 HIV-1-seropositive patients and 18 HIV-1-seronegative donors was quantitatively monit
The polymerase activity of the p51 homodimeric form of HIV reverse transcriptase was characterized by activity gel analysis, steady-state kinetic measurements, and processivity assays, and the activity was shown to be highly similar to that for the p66/p51 heterodimer. Recombinant 51- and 66-kDa reverse transcriptase
Taylor-Robinson D; Sarathchandra P; Furr PM; Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Clinical Research; Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
A survey of previous evidence for the intracellular localization of mycoplasmas within nonphagocytic cells indicated that it was insufficient to conclude unequivocally that such localization occurred. Illustrations of the seemingly intracellular existence of Mycoplasma fermentans in the tissues of patients with AIDS a
Lanza F; Ferrari L; Sighinolfi L; Ghinelli F; Latorraca A; Moretti S; Trevisani L; Potena A; Malavasi F; Castoldi G; Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
In this study we evaluated the phenotype of alveolar mononuclear phagocytes recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 24 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (AIDS-related complex 8 patients. AIDS 16 patients) and 8 healthy individuals by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies known to react w
Shimamoto Y; Tominaga H; Sano M; Takeya M; Yamaguchi M; Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan.
A IgG-kappa-type plasmacytoma secreting salivary-type amylase ectopically is reported in a patient with smouldering adult T-cell leukemia(ATL). The patient had plasmacytomas in the distal region of the right femur, the proximal region of left tibia, and the left paranasal sinus. Both his serum and urine contained high
Cancer. 1993 Oct 15;72(8):2491-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94006057
Germa JR; Llanos M; Tabernero JM; Mora J; Unidad de Oncologia Medica, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant; Pau, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
BACKGROUND. Determination of serum concentration human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is crucial in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with germ cell tumors. Elevation of these markers almost indicates progression or recurrence of the germ cell tumor. However, an incre
Barradell LB; Plosker GL; McTavish D; Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
Results from noncomparative and placebo-controlled studies demonstrate the efficacy of clarithromycin in the treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Whether given alone or in combination with other antimycobacteri
Baldeweg T; Gruzelier JH; Catalan J; Pugh K; Lovett E; Riccio M; Stygall J; Irving G; Catt S; Hawkins D; Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster; Medical School, London, UK.
Auditory and visual event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to complement neuropsychological and medical assessment in neurologically healthy subjects with asymptomatic and symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Auditory and visual ERPs, recorded using standard oddball paradigms, di
Salvaggio A; Conti M; Albano A; Pianetti A; Muggiasca ML; Re M; Salvaggio L; Istituto di Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Universita degli Studi; di Milano, Italy.
We examined the relationship between the presence of antibody to HCV and sexually transmitted diseases in 151 female, intravenous drug users aged 17-43 years. Anti-HCV was present in 49 of 66 HIV-1-negative women (74.2%), and 63 of 85 HIV-1-positive women (74.1%). Anti-HCV seropositivity was significantly related to s
Smith KJ; Skelton HG; Heimer W; Baxter D; Angritt P; Frisman D; Wagner KF; Department of Dermatology, National Naval Medical Center,; Bethesda.
BACKGROUND: An increase in pigmented lesions has been reported in HIV-1-infected patients. In a study of HIV-1-positive patients, we have seen patients who noticed new or changing pigmented lesions. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine to what degree these pigmented lesions showed evidence of significant
J Immunol. 1993 Nov 1;151(9):4486-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94014392
Chervenak R; Dempsey D; Soloff R; Wolcott RM; Jennings SR; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State; University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130.
A very small fraction of thymocytes has recently been identified that expresses low levels of CD4 in the absence of CD8, CD3, or a TCR. These CD4lo thymocytes appear to be the precursors of the early CD4-CD8-CD3- thymic subset and contain most of the T cell progenitor activity found within the thymus. Here, we examine
J Immunol. 1993 Nov 1;151(9):5096-105. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94014455
Yasutomi Y; Palker TJ; Gardner MB; Haynes BF; Letvin NL; Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research; Center, Southborough, MA 01772.
In view of the importance of cell-associated virus in AIDS virus transmission, an HIV vaccine should be able to induce a virus-specific CTL response. Traditional subunit vaccines have not elicited virus-specific CD8+ MHC class I-restricted CTL. We have used the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac)/rhesus
Chamberlain MC; Dirr L; Department of Neurosciences University of California, San Diego; 92103.
PURPOSE: To evaluate combined limited-field radiotherapy and concentration times time (C X T) intra-CSF chemotherapy in patients with AIDS-related lymphomatous meningitis (LM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen men and one woman with AIDS had cytologically documented LM. Eleven patients had systemic
Cavacini LA; Emes CL; Power J; Underdahl J; Goldstein R; Mayer K; Posner MR; Department of Medicine, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston,; MA 02215.
Serum antibody reactive with epitopes within the CD4 binding site (CD4BS) of HIV-1/gp120 on infected cells was measured by inhibition of binding of a human monoclonal antibody, F105, which recognizes a conformational epitope within this region. Serum samples from 27% of ARC/AIDS patients blocked binding of F105 to thi
Wiktor SZ; Pate EJ; Murphy EL; Palker TJ; Champegnie E; Ramlal A; Cranston B; Hanchard B; Blattner WA; Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; Maryland.
To study mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-I in Jamaica , we screened antenatal patients in Kingston, Jamaica, from 1983 to 1985. Of 2,329 women, 81 (3.5%) were HTLV-I seropositive. Two to three years later, 36 seropositive mothers were recontacted, and blood was drawn from them
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):119-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016494
Gotch F; Nixon D; Gallimore A; McAdam S; McMichael A; Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford,; U.K.
A peptide epitope from the gag protein of SIV and from HIV-1 is described which is presented by a cynomolgus macaque MHC molecule and with HLA B14. Comparisons were drawn between recognition of this peptide and that of a second peptide defined in SIV and HIV-2 which has been reported to be presented by the rhesus maca
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):129-37. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016496
Torres JV; Anderson DE; Malley A; Banapour B; Axthelm MK; Benjamini E; Gardner MB; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine,; University of California, Davis 95616.
We analyzed SIV-specific monkey sera to localize B-cell epitopes of the envelope glycoprotein of SIV (gp130), using overlapping synthetic peptides representing the entire SIV gp130 protein and sera from experimentally infected monkeys and monkeys immunized with whole, inactivated SIV. A B-cell epitope which induces ne
J Med Primatol. 1993 Feb-May;22(2-3):80-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016508
Malley A; Pangares N; Mayo SK; Zeleny-Pooley M; Torres JV; Benjamin E; Axthelm MK; Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton 97006.
These studies defined SRV-2 envelope peptides 96-102, 127-152, and 233-249 as T cell epitopes that induce significant T cell proliferation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of Celebes macaques (Macaca nigra) exposed to SRV-2 and currently virus- antibody+, cultured with SRV-2 virus show strongly suppressed T cell response
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Oct 6;85(19):1585-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94016647
Pluda JM; Shay LE; Foli A; Tannenbaum S; Cohen PJ; Goldspiel BR; Adamo D; Cooper MR; Broder S; Yarchoan R; Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, Md.
BACKGROUND: Neovascularization induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF) or FGF-like cytokines is thought to play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi s sarcoma. Pentosan polysulfate has been shown to inhibit basic FGF and FGF-like dependent tumor g
Varela-Echavarria A; Prorock CM; Ron Y; Dougherty JP; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Robert Wood; Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of; New Jersey, Piscataway 08854-5635.
A protocol was designed to measure the forward mutation rate over an entire gene replicated as part of a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector. For these studies, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene under the control of the spleen necrosis virus U3 promoter was used as target sequence since it all
Vaccination against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires an immunogen which will elicit a protective immunity against viruses that show a high degree of genetic polymorphism. Therefore, the identification of neutralizing epitopes which are shared by many strains would be useful. In previous studies, we
Li S; Polonis V; Isobe H; Zaghouani H; Guinea R; Moran T; Bona C; Palese P; Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New; York, New York 10029.
Expression vectors based on DNA or plus-stranded RNA viruses are being developed as vaccine carriers directed against various pathogens. Less is known about the use of negative-stranded RNA viruses, whose genomes have been refractory to direct genetic manipulation. Using a recently described reverse genetics method, w
Nehete PN; Arlinghaus RB; Sastry KJ; Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D.; Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
Because V3 loop-specific antibodies have been shown to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of human cells and because specific mutations in the V3 loop render the virus ineffective for infection and syncytium formation, we tested the anti-HIV effects of V3 loop peptides from different HIV-1 s
Striz I; Wang YM; Teschler H; Sorg C; Costabel U; Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Ruhrlandklinik, Essen,; Germany.
The expression of maturation-associated antigens on alveolar macrophages (AMs) was studied in bronchoalveolar fluid of 30 patients with sarcoidosis and 11 control subjects. The percent of AMs expressing CD14 or CD11b (common for blood monocytes) was significantly increased in patients with active sarcoidosis compared
Kizaki M; Ikeda Y; Simon KJ; Nanjo M; Koeffler HP; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center UCLA School; of Medicine 90048.
We have investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and several potent vitamin D3 analogs [1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3; 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-26,27-F6-D3] on productive infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in human macrophages. Macrophages derived from the peripheral blood were eithe
Med J Aust. 1993 Aug 16;159(4):237-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94018856
Crofts N; Hopper JL; Bowden DS; Breschkin AM; Milner R; Locarnini SA; Epidemiology and International Health Unit, Macfarlane Burnet; Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Vic.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Victoria. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Subjects were current IDUs from a wide spectrum of age, sex and social background, enrolled in a prospective study of injecting drug use. They were contacted by peer wor
Shu HB; Agranoff AB; Nabel EG; Leung K; Duckett CS; Neish AS; Collins T; Nabel GJ; Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute,; University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is expressed in both endothelial and epithelial cell types, where it contributes to lymphocyte migration to sites of inflammation. Its expression is regulated by cytokines, in part through two kappa B-like regulatory elements. Because NF-kappa B can be composed of multiple al
The interaction of a murine monoclonal antibody (CB 4-1) against the core protein p24 of HIV-1 with its peptide antigen was studied in detail. The amino acid sequence of the variable regions of the heavy and light chain as derived from DNA sequencing was used to model the structure of the antigen binding region on the
Larder BA; Kellam P; Kemp SD; Antiviral Therapeutic Research Unit, Wellcome Research; Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, UK.
The reverse transcriptase enzyme of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the target for many inhibitors. Amino-acid substitutions in functional regions of the enzyme that abolish reverse transcriptase activity also prevent HIV-1 replication. But selection pressure by drugs such as
Hruby Z; Sliwinski J; Molin I; Zalewska M; Knysz B; Czyz W; Steciwko A; Bogucki J; Gladysz A; Wroclaw Academy of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Poland.
We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies and markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients of three haemodialysis centres before initiating anti-HBV vaccinations. Of the 94 patients, 39 (41.5%) were anti-HCV positive (+) and 81 (86.2%) were anti-hepatitis B core antigen (HB
DeStefano JJ; Mallaber LM; Fay PJ; Bambara RA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Rochester, NY 14642.
We examined the ribonuclease H (RNase H) specificity of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT) using heteropolymeric RNAs hybridized to complementary DNAs. Experiments were performed in the presence of excess challenger polymer (poly(rA)-oligo(dT)) to reveal cleavages resulting from single enzyme
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 1;90(19):8925-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022287
Gao WY; Cara A; Gallo RC; Lori F; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral DNA synthesis in quiescent and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was studied. Incomplete viral DNA (previously demonstrated to be associated with HIV-1 virions) is carried by HIV-1 virions into quiescent and activated PBLs, contributing to the formation of
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 15;90(20):9721-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94022448
Rice WG; Schaeffer CA; Graham L; Bu M; McDougal JS; Orloff SL; Villinger F; Young M; Oroszlan S; Fesen MR; et al; Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, National Cancer; Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD; 21702.
The C-nitroso compound 3-nitrosobenzamide, which has been shown to remove zinc from the retroviral-type zinc finger of p7NC nucleocapsid proteins, inhibits acute infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cultured human lymphocytes. The attachment of the virus to lymphocytes and the activities of critical vir
Res Virol. 1993 Jul-Aug;144(4):263-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94023450
Michel ML; Mancini M; Schlienger K; Tiollais P; Unite de Recombinaison et Expression genetique, INSERM-U.163,; Institut Pasteur, Paris.
Eukaryotic cells transformed with a plasmid expression vector are able to synthesize and assemble HBsAg, a complex multimeric lipoprotein particle. Hybrid particles carrying HIV1 antigenic determinants were constructed and injected into monkeys. A complete immune response including neutralizing antibodies, proliferati
Kagi MK; Fierz W; Grob PJ; Russi EW; Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, University Hospital, Zurich,; Switzerland.
To investigate the local immunological situation in the lung of HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonias (HIV-PCP), we analyzed the proportion and the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and their state of activation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood of 21 HIV-PCP patients (C
Muller S; Wang H; Silverman GJ; Bramlet G; Haigwood N; Kohler H; L.P. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington; 40536.
Antibodies in sera of HIV-1 infected individuals against the HIV-1 core protein (p24), HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and reverse transcriptase (RT) are characterized by a skewed light chain isotype expression. The kappa/lambda ratios of antibodies to p24 and gp120 in infected individuals were found to be unique
Science. 1993 Oct 1;262(5130):99-102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94023949
Tsuchihashi Z; Khosla M; Herschlag D; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, CA 94305.
When the recognition sequence of a ribozyme is extended beyond a certain length, turnover is slowed and specificity is decreased. Here, it is shown that a protein can help a ribozyme overcome these general limitations on ribozyme activity. Cleavage of an RNA oligonucleotide by a hammerhead ribozyme is enhanced 10- to
Vanderborght BO; Reis AM; Rouzere CD; da Silva RS; Yoshida CF; Franco LG; Maertens G; Van Heuverswijn H; Moreira Pereira J; Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium.
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in 2,557 asymptomatic volunteer Brazilian blood donors is reported. Using the line immunoassay (Inno-LIA) as a confirmatory test on ELISA anti-HCV-positive reacting sera, a prevalence rate of 2.7% for anti-HCV positivity was found. By comparison, prevalences of 1.6%
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993 Oct;49(4):435-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94027570
Frommel D; Tekle-Haimanot R; Berhe N; Aussel L; Verdier M; Preux PM; Denis F; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were measured in 1,580 Ethiopian subjects representing urban and rural populations. Sera found positive by a repeated second generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were subjected to three additional confirmatory tests. The overall confirmed seroprevalence was 2.0%. Less than 1% were
Byrnes VW; Sardana VV; Schleif WA; Condra JH; Waterbury JA; Wolfgang JA; Long WJ; Schneider CL; Schlabach AJ; Wolanski BS; et al; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors comprise a class of structurally diverse compounds that are functionally related and specific for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RT. Viral variants resistant to these compounds arise readily in cell culture and in treated, infected human. Therefore, the
S-2720 [6-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-4-(isopropenyloxycarbonyl)-3,4- dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-thione], a quinoxaline derivative, was found to be a very potent inhibitor of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) activity and HIV-1 replication in tissue culture. Like other nonnucleoside RT inh
Wilson JE; Martin JL; Borroto-Esoda K; Hopkins S; Painter G; Liotta DC; Furman PA; Division of Virology, Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle; Park, North Carolina 27709.
The (-) enantiomer of cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolane-5-yl]cytosine is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro. The 5 -triphosphates of the (-) and (+) enantiomers equally inhibited the production of full-length minus-strand DNA in an endogenous reverse transcriptase reacti
Buckheit RW Jr; Hollingshead MG; Germany-Decker J; White EL; McMahon JB; Allen LB; Ross LJ; Decker WD; Westbrook L; Shannon WM; et al; Microbiology Research Department, Southern Research Institute,; Birmingham, AL.
Thiazolobenzimidazole (NSC 625487) was a highly potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-induced cell killing and viral replication in a variety of human cell lines, as well as fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. The compound was active against a panel of biologically diverse laboratory a
Lambert DM; Bartus H; Fernandez AV; Bratby-Anders C; Leary JJ; Dreyer GB; Metcalf BW; Petteway SR Jr; Department of Molecular Virology and Host Defense, SmithKline; Beecham Research Laboratories, King of Prussia, PA 19406.
Synthetic peptide mimetic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease effectively block spread of infectious virus in acutely infected T-cells. These compounds also inhibit production of infectious virions from chronically infected T-cell lines. In order to determine the potential for drug interaction effects on antiviral activity,
Federal Reporter, 2d Series. 1992 Nov 2 (date of decision);976:268-272. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/40152
The U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, held that HIV-positive inmates who had filed a civil rights conplaint regarding Mississippi State Penitentiary conditions were entitled to court-appointed counsel to determine whether the conditions constituted cruel and unusual punishment. The complaint alleged that HIV-posit
Federal Reporter, 2d Series. 1993 Feb 25;984:394-401. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/40391
The U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit, affirmed the decision of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia , which held that an employer may modify its employee health plan to include a lifetime benefit cap of $25,000 for AIDS-related claims. This modificati
Federal Supplement. 1992 Dec 28 (date of decision);814:844-849. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/40253
The U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, held that the Federal Bureau of Investigation did not violate the Rehabilitation Act because it did not discriminate against a doctor based solely on his AIDS-related handicap. The doctor had worked at a health care facility, conducting physical examinations of
The Consumer's Legal Guide to Today's Health Care: Your Medical Rights and How to Assert Them. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992 :204-226. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/40297
Winslow, Gerald R.; Walters, James W., eds. Facing Limits: Ethics and Health Care for the Elderly. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993 :115-122. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/40038
This information is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between you and your doctor.