[HIV infection in the child after materno-fetal transmission: early treatment with azidothymidine and prevention of secondary infectious complications]

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1994. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.

[HIV infection in the child after materno-fetal transmission: early treatment with azidothymidine and prevention of secondary infectious complications]

Pediatrie. 1992;47(11):773-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94104986
Michel G; Vallee D; Thuret I; Chambost H; Tamalet C; de Boisse P; Leclaire M; Farnarier C; Kaplanski S; Perrimond H; Service de pediatrie et hematologie pediatrique, hopital; d'enfants La Timone, Marseille, France.

Abstract: Twenty-four perinatally HIV infected children received early treatment as soon as the diagnosis of viral contamination was established. In 13 cases (group 1), this diagnosis was based on a viremia and/or antigenemia during the first 6 months of life. In 11 cases (group 2), children were more than 15 months-old and had a positive HIV antibody test. Therapy included azidothymidine (AZT, 400 mg/m2/d) and the prevention of secondary infectious complications with intravenous immunoglobulin and cotrimoxazole. With a median follow-up of 26 months, we reported no case of severe secondary infection and no case of encephalopathy. Hematological side effects of AZT were rarely observed. Only one patient developed anemia. In all other cases, the only hematological abnormality was macrocytosis of red blood cells. Before treatment, the mean value of T4 cells age-adjusted count was 96, 86 and 91%, respectively, for groups 1, 2 and the entire study group. At the time of analysis, these values were 64, 62 and 63% respectively. This decrease was statistically significant for group 1 and for the entire study group, but did not reach statistical significance for group 2. These data show that AZT is probably insufficient as a long-term therapy for HIV infected children. Other therapeutic approaches need to be developed in the future, notably the combination of anti-retroviral drugs.

Keywords: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/ TRANSMISSION Child, Preschool CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/DRUG EFFECTS Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Administration Schedule English Abstract Female Follow-Up Studies Human HIV Core Protein p24/BLOOD HIV Infections/DRUG THERAPY/*TRANSMISSION Infant Infant, Newborn Leukocyte Count/DRUG EFFECTS Male *Maternal-Fetal Exchange Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii/PREVENTION & CONTROL/TRANSMISSION Pregnancy Zidovudine/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/ADVERSE EFFECTS JOURNAL ARTICLE
940430
M9440861

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