1993

AIDS education for health care workers. 2nd ed. [computer file]: Edwardsville, Kan. : Medi-Sim ; Baltimore, MD : Williams & Wilkins, c1991 4 computer disks ; 3 1/2-5 1/4 in. + 1 manual (6 p.) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9301303A; Surawicz N; Kruse M
Living with HIV : conversations with long term survivors. [videorecording]: [Research Triangle Park, N.C.] : Burroughs Wellcome Co., c1992 1 videocassette : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9301206A
The Politics, 1965-1992 ; Reform within reach ; The AIDS report. [videorecording]: [Boston, Mass.] : WGBH Educational Foundation, c1992 1 videocassette (58 min.) : sd., col. with b&w ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9301211A; Mudd R
Update on AIDS. [videorecording]: [Cherry Hill, NJ] : CME Conference Video, c1992 4 videocassettes 6 hr., 42 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 manual (152 p.) and post-test (3 p.) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9301219A; Mann JM
AIDS in Wisconsin : current trends & legal issues. [videorecording]: Marshfield, WI : Marshfield Regional Video Network, [1992] 1 videocassette (55 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9301333A; Druckenmiller J; (Producer) Program presents three issues in AIDS: AIDS surveillance in Wisconsin, recent Federal directives, and a chronological report on HIV infected health workers.
Pulmonary manifestations of AIDS. [videorecording]: [Oak Brook, Ill.] : RSNA, c1993 1 videocassette (30 min.) : sd., col. with b&w ; 1/2 in. + 1 guide Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9301214A; Naidich DP; (Producer) A wide variety of pulmonary manifestations of AIDS have been noted, including, in particular, opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, as well as AIDS-related neoplasms such as Kaposi sarcoma. The viewer of this program will learn to evaluate specific subsets of radiographic abnorma
Pandemic. [videorecording]: New York : Thirteen/WNET ; [London?] : BBC Television, c1993 1 videocassette (57 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in (Medicine at the crossroads ; 7) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9301320A; (Producer) Although progress in the scientific understanding of the HIV virus has been made at an amazing pace, there is no quick fix for AIDS. Around the world, treatments for AIDS and other pandemics such as tuberculosis and heart disease are determined primarily by economic and social factors. Realizing this, so
Le SIDA, syndrome d'immunodeficience acquise : manuel a l'usage des professionnels de la sante. 1. ed.: Kigali : Croix-Rouge rwandaise, [1986] 28 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9316063
An Examination of medical care costs of patients with AIDS in Illinois.: [Springfield, Ill.] : The Department, [1989] 16 leaves : ill Health report series ; 88:5) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314613
AIDS & condoms. 1st ed.: Nawala, Sri Lanka : Institute of Comparative Health Policy and Law, 1989 105 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315085; Jayasuriya DC
Neuropsychiatric aspects of AIDS.: Gaters Hill, West End, Southampton : Duphar Medical Relations, 1989 v, 89 p. : ill (Current approaches) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315618; Thompson C
El SIDA e infecciones de alta mortalidad : El Escorial, 1989.: Madrid : Universidad Complutense de Madrid, [1990?] 80 p (Cursos de verano / Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315431; Schuller A
SIDA, tu ne l'attraperas pas--.: [Pessac : Agence francaise de lutte contre le SIDA, 1990] 1 v. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315432; Saint Phalle Nd
T'ien hua fen tan pai. Ti 1 pan.: Pei-ching : K'o hsueh ch'u pan she, 1990 vii, 197 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315433; Wang Y
A new model for health and disease.: Mill Valley, Calif. : Health and Habitat ; Berkeley, Calif. : North Atlantic Books, c1991 x, 205 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314851; Vithoulkas G
AIDS education guide for non-health workers. Rev. May 1990.: Lilongwe, Malawi : The Programme, [1991] i, 20 leaves : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315506
Choice, voice, and dignity : housing issues and options for persons with HIV infection in Canada : a national study.: Vancouver, BC : Centre for Human Settlements, University of British Columbia, c1991 viii, 66 p. : ill (Housing and community planning) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315521; Manson Willms S
Sanctuary : stories from Casey House Hospice.: Scarborough, Ont. : Prentice-Hall Canada, c1991 xv, 171 p. : port Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9316039; Conlon P
Einfluss eukaryoter DNA-Methylierung auf Transkription und Latenz von HIV-1 : ein Beitrag zur Aufklarung der viralen Genregulation.: Berlin : VWB, Verlag fur Wissenschaft und Bildung, c1992 x, 111 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314686; Schulze-Forster K
Strategic plan to combat HIV & AIDS in the United States.: [Washington, DC] : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, [1992?] 52 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314811
Blood group antigen-related glycoepitopes : biological functions and implications in immunogenesis, cancer, and AIDS pathogenesis.: Austin : R.G. Landes, 1992 v, 114 p. : ill (Medical intelligence unit) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314867; Glinsky GV
Aids, Lahmung der Abwehr in Individuum und Gesellschaft. 1. Aufl.: Zurich : Aids-Aufklarung Schweiz, 1992 284 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315049
AIDS up to the year 2000 : epidemiological, sociocultural, and economic scenario analysis for the Netherlands : scenario report. Stuurgroep Toekomstscenario's Gezondheidszorg: Dordrecht ; Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992 xxvi, 314 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315086
AIDS-Pravention und Jugendschutz : Materialien und Dokumente : Bericht uber ein Forschungs- und Praxisprojekt.: Stuttgart : Boorberg, c1992 283 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315087
Coeur et SIDA.: [Reuil-Malmaison : CIBA-GEIGY], c1992 71 p. : ill (Actualities cliniques cardiologiques) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315131; Guillevin L
The Global AIDS strategy.: Geneva : World Health Organization, 1992 v, 23 p (WHO AIDS series ; 11) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315200
Menschen mit HIV und Aids zu Hause pflegen : Pflegen zum Leben : ein Leitfaden fur Spitex-Dienste. 1. Aufl.: Zurich : Aids-Hilfe Schweiz, 1992 59 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315301
Recent HIV seroprevalence levels by country : November, 1992.: [Washington, D.C.] : Health Studies Branch, Center for International Research, U.S. Bureau of the Census, [1992] iii, 37 leaves : ill (Research note ; no. 7) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315375; Corbin J; Studies Branch) ;:no. 7
Aids und Strafrecht : die Strafbarkeit HIV-infizierter Personen beim Vollziehen sexueller Kontakte.: Munster : Lit, [1992?] x, 364 p (Juristische Schriftenreihe ; Bd. 19) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315494; Scheuerl W
Abstracts.: Berlin : Institute for Clinical and Experimental Virology of the Free University of Berlin, 1993 2 v. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314632
HIV, AIDS, and the brain.: New York : Raven Press, c1994 xv, 334 p. : ill (Research publications / Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease ; v. 72) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314718; Price RW; Perry S; Disease ;:v. 72; Disease ;:v. 72
The social impact of AIDS in the United States.: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1993 xi, 322 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314854; Jonsen AR; Stryker J; Impact of the AIDS Epidemic; Behavioral, Social, and Statistical Sciences
Immunochemistry of AIDS.: Basel ; New York : Karger, 1993 x, 168 p. : ill (Chemical immunology ; vol. 56) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314921; Norrby E
AIDS, health, and mental health : a primary sourcebook.: New York : Brunner/Mazel Publishers, c1993 xvi, 343 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315088; Landau-Stanton J; Clements CD
AIDS, the winter war.: Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 1993 xviii, 236 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315089; Kahn AD
Les Comportements sexuels en France : rapport au ministre de la recherche et de l'espace.: Paris : Documentation francaise, c1993 351 p. : ill (Collection des rapports officiels, ISSN 0981-3764) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315137; Spira A
Making connections : adult day health care for people with AIDS.: New York, NY : United Hospital Fund of New York, c1993 vi, 32 p A Practical guide) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315592; Mason L
Manual of HIV/AIDS therapy.: Fountain Valley, Calif., USA : Current Clinical Strategies Pub. International, c1993 85 p. : ill (Current clinical strategies) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315930; Peiperl L
Needle exchange programs : research suggests promise as an AIDS prevention strategy : report to the chairman, Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, House of Representatives.: Washington, D.C. : U.S. General Accounting Office, [1993] 33 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315964
Pediatric AIDS : clinical, pathologic, and basic science perspectives.: New York, N.Y. : New York Academy of Sciences, 1993 xii, 328 p. : ill (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, ISSN 0077-8923 ; v. 693) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9315633; Lyman WD; Rubinstein A
AIDS & HIV in perspective : a guide to understanding the virus and its consequences.: Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1994 xx, 268 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314861; Schoub BD
Pediatric AIDS : the challenge of HIV infection in infants, children, and adolescents. 2nd ed.: Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, c1994 xxix, 1040 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/9314765; Pizzo PA; Wilfert CM
Screen test.: Health Serv J. 1993 Jul 1;103(5359):31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93346230; Kennelly J; Tolley K; Royal Free Hospital, London.
The issue's one of confidentiality.: J Emerg Med Serv JEMS. 1993 Aug;18(8):16-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93353072; Stern A; Dickinson E; Department of Emergency Medical Services, Town of Colonie, NY.
Communication and level of AIDS knowledge among homeless African-American mothers and their children.: J Health Soc Policy. 1993;4(4):37-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93357390; Crawford I; Thomas S; Zoller D; Psychology Department, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60626.; One hundred and thirty residents and their children from eight transitional living shelters in the midwest participated in a study designed to assess their level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, concerns about susceptibility to the virus, patterns of general communication, and level of comfort in discussing sexual and HIV
Insurance companies' AIDS costs hit $1.4 billion [news]: Mod Healthc. 1993 Aug 30;23(35):38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93360879; Kenkel PJ
4% of hospitals offer AIDS insurance--survey [news]: Mod Healthc. 1993 Aug 30;23(35):38. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93360880; Burda D
Special report on patient care. CDC issues new recommendations for HIV testing and counseling for patients in acute care settings.: Health Care Law Newsl. 1993 Aug;8(8):16-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93345947; Kadzielski MA; Dickinson ML
Retroviruses: a general overview.: J AHIMA. 1993 Aug;64(8):24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93350281; Church E
Laboratorians advised to practice 'safe science'. Lab-related findings from the IX International Conference on AIDS.: MLO Med Lab Obs. 1993 Aug;25(8):34-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93354088; Brown JW; Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Raritan, NJ.
On the limited utility of KAP-style survey data in the practical epidemiology of AIDS, with reference to the AIDS epidemic in Chile.: Health Transit Rev. 1993 Apr;3(1):1-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93904873; Smith HL; Population Studies Center and Department of Sociology, University of; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.; Population surveys concerning risk behaviours thought to be related to the AIDS epidemic are many. Nevertheless, unfocused inquiry into diffuse behaviours in undifferentiated populations is not productive in low-seroprevalence populations, especially when the point is to design some form of intervention that might
Condom use and the popular press in Nigeria.: Health Transit Rev. 1993 Apr;3(1):41-56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93904875; Renne EP; Health Transition Centre, Canberra, Australia.; The increased acceptability and use of condoms by men in southwestern Nigeria is reflected in joking references to condoms in the comic-style popular press. Yet these references display an ambivalence about condoms that is mirrored in survey data and in interviews regarding condo
The needle-borne HIV epidemic: causes and public health responses.: Behav Sci Law. 1991 Summer;9(3):287-304. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93905328; Gostin L; American Society of Law & Medicine, Boston, MA 02215.; Needle sharing among intravenous drug users is fueling the modern HIV epidemic. A public health approach to needle-borne infection has three components: prevention and education, availability of sterile injection equipment, and drug treatment. This essay examines the most controversial aspect of this strategy--steri
In search of a psychology of safer-sex promotion; beyond beliefs and texts.: Health Educ Res. 1993 Jun;8(2):245-54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93905337; Abraham C; Sheeran P; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Dundee,; UK.; Belief and attitudinal change are important to the promotion of safer sexual behaviour. However, the individual decision-making psychology implicit in belief-change models provides only a partial picture of the determinants of sexual behaviour. A broader psychological understanding emphasizing the complex social ski
HIV/AIDS education in further education: a survey.: Health Educ Res. 1993 Jun;8(2):287-96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93905339; Turner G; Hill F; School of Education, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK.; This paper summarizes a report prepared for the Health Education Authority on the nature and extent of HIV/AIDS education in further education (FE) for the 16-19 age range. The results are based on a questionnaire survey of all the FE and tertiary colleges in England which was carried out by the authors in 1990. The
Managing HIV-infected employees in the OR.: OR Manager. 1993 Aug;9(8):1, 12-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93347875; Fernsebner B; Patterson P; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Increased azidodeoxythymidine metabolism in the presence of fluorouracil reflects increased thymidine kinase activity Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:A1799 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93692740; Darnowski JW; Goulette FA; Dept. of Medicine, Brown Univ. and Roger Williams Hosp., Providence,; RI 02908; Incubating the human colon tumor line HCT8 in media containing 5 uM fluorouracil (FUra) + 5 uM [3H] azidothymidine ( AZT ) for 24 hr results in cellular AZTMP pools of approx 280 pmol/10(6) cells, 10-fold more than observed after incubation in 5 uM AZT
Synergistic in vitro activity of AZT with alpha and gamma interferon (IFN) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:A1800 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93692741; Tosi P; Visani G; Ottaviani E; Tura S; Inst. Hematology 'Seragnoli', Italy; We have reported that the antineoplastic activity of AZT is increased by drugs that inhibit de novo dTMP synthesis, such as 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and hydroxyurea. In the present study, we tested the combinations of AZT + alpha IFN and AZT + gam
Topoisomerase I and II cleavage sites in the long terminal repeat and genomic integration region of HIV-1 (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:A2521 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93693474; Pommier Y; Poddevin B; Jenkins J; Kohn KW; Lab. of Molecular Pharmacology, DTP, DCT, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892; Proviral promoters are located at the U3/R junction of the long terminal repeats (LTR). The present study is the first mapping and sequencing of topoisomerase (topo) cleavage sites in the U3/R LTR region of HIV-1 DNA using a plasmid containing the LTR integrated in a segment of genomic DNA. We find that amsacrine and
Immune reactivity modifications related to uptake of Adriamycin by hematopoietic cells (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:A2709 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93693653; Zaleskis G; Ehrke MJ; Maccubbin D; Ujhazy P; Eppolito C; Mihich E; Grace Cancer Drug Center, Roswell Park Cancer Inst., Buffalo, NY 14263; The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Adriamycin (ADM) uptake by murine spleen and thymus cells and cellular immune parameters after a single low-dose (5 mg/kg iv) ADM injection. ADM treatment resulted in reduced thymic cellularity; the most sensitive cells being CD3(lo)4+8+ T cells decrea
Characterization of T-cell receptor V beta repertoire in ovarian tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:A2736 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93693679; Fisk B; Tucker SL; Pollack MS; Flytzanis CN; Ioannides CG; UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) cultured in media containing IL-2 were shown to mediate antitumor responses. We used polymerase chain reaction to characterize the TCR V beta repertoire of ovarian TIL isolated from three tumor sites of the same patient at the same
Identification of an amino acid in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase important in the binding of the pyrophosphate group of deoxynucleoside triphosphate (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:A3238 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93694194; Im GJ; Piras G; Gonzalez CJ; Cheng YC; Dept. of Pharmacology, Yale Univ. Sch. of Medicine, New Haven, CT; 06510; A recombinant clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) with reduced sensitivity to AZTTP and a pyrophosphate analog phosphonoformate (PFA) has been obtained from HTLV-IIIB using the polymerase chain reaction. The inhibition constant values for AZTTP and PFA increased 10- and 3-fold, resp
Interaction of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV-1 in HPV-immortalized or tumorigenic cervical cells (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:A3243 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93694200; DiPaolo JA; Popescu N; Chen M; Zimonjic D; Berneman Z; Lusso P; NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892; HPV infection is associated with cervical cancer, and HIV appears to be a cofactor that accelerates its development. This study demonstrates that HIV-1 can infect cervical epithelial cells and synergize transactivation induced by HIV-1 tat and molecular clones of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), pZVH14 and pZVB70, which a
Immunodeficient LP-BM5 virus infected mice (MAIDS) fail to develop long-term marrow cultures (LTMC) in vitro, effect of zidovudine (AZT) (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:A549 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93694210; Gallicchio VS; Tse KF; Hughes NK; Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; We report results of studies examining the ability of AZT to influence the development of LTMC using marrow from normal or MAIDS-infected mice. Normal C57BL6 mice were infected with LP-BM5 MuLV) immunodeficiency virus (10 ug total protein) ip. 5-wk af
Ribozymes as potential therapeutic agents (Meeting abstract).: Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res; 34:592-3 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93694341; Rossi JJ; Bertrand E; Larson G; Kohn D; Zhou C; Wu Y; Snyder D; Beckman Res. Inst. of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; The uses of nucleic acids as antisense or therapeutic agents have been expanding rapidly due, in large part, to improvements in the automated chemical synthesis of DNA and, more recently, RNA. As therapeutic agents, antisense DNA and RNA have the singular property of being informational drugs with unique target spec
Epidemiological, virological and clinical characteristics of HTLV-I infection in Gabon.: Diss Abstr Int [B]; 53(11):5635 1993. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93696449; Delaporte ED; Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen, Belgium; The purpose of this study was to define (1) the distribution and the mode of transmission of HTLV-I in Gabon , (2) the diagnostic value of HTLV-I serology compared with PCR, and (3) the clinical implications of infection with this virus in Gabon. The distribution of HTLV-I in the gen
Antiretroviral treatment.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):10 (abstract no. PS-03-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333215; Lange JM; Global Programme on AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland.; It has been difficult to establish the best time to initiate antiretroviral treatment in order to maximize efficacy and the duration of the response. The issue has become complicated by the emergence of didanosine (ddI) as an alternative to zidovudine ZDV) monotherapy and by reports on superior surrogate marker respon
Development of human HIV vaccines.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):10 (abstract no. PS-05-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333216; Bolognesi DP; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.; There are now over a dozen vaccine candidates for prevention of HIV infection undergoing immunogenicity and safety testing in low risk volunteers. Based on promising results obtained in such studies, two products have been selected for further evaluation in a modest number of high risk volunteers again to determine if
Molecular targets for interference with viral replication.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):10 (abstract no. PS-03-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333217; Wong-Staal F; Dept. of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla 92093.; Therapeutic intervention of HIV-1 replication can be achieved by interfering with key steps in the virus life cycle, including entry, reverse transcription, transcription, translation, packaging, and virus release. In addition, inhibition of the early, essential regulatory genes, tat and rev, would pre-empt possibilit
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: risk factors and timing.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):10 (abstract no. PS-04-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333218; Peckham CS; OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the issues relating to risk and rates of vertical transmission. METHODS: Based on the results of prospective studies which follow children born to mothers known to be HIV infected at or before the time of delivery. RESULTS: Published estimates of vertical transmission (vt) rates ra
Tuberculosis and AIDS: treatment, prophylaxis, and public health issues.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):10 (abstract no. PS-04-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333219; De Cock KM; Kassim S; Ackah A; Digbeu H; Abouya L; Coulibaly D; Coulibaly IM; Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.; OBJECTIVES: To review the public health impact of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB), and its diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis. CONTENTS OF LECTURE: Evidence for association between HIV infection and TB (HIV/TB) includes clinical observations and epidemiological data. The greatest public health impact of HIV/TB is in
A mathematical model of the heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in Thailand.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):100 (abstract no. WS-C19-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333220; Uche CO; Anderson RM; Dept. of Biology, Imperial College, London.; A mathematical model of the heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in Thailand is described and its properties discussed. Heterogeneity in sexual behaviour is incorporated by stratifying the two sexes into high and low activity classes. Model prediction on patterns of mixing betwe
AIDS in Honduras: modeling the epidemic.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):100 (abstract no. WS-C19-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333221; Nunez C; Hsu L; Zelaya JE; Sweat M; King TD; Forsythe S; National AIDS Control Program/MOH. Tegucigalpa, Honduras.; OBJECTIVE: To project the number of HIV infections, AIDS deaths, and related health impact of AIDS in Honduras through the year 2000. INTRODUCTION: The first AIDS case was reported in Honduras in 1985. Since then, AIDS cases have ri
Estimation of progression of HIV infection among homosexual men using immunological markers and staged Markov models.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):100 (abstract no. WS-C19-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333222; Hendriks JC; Clark WS; Longini IM; Van Druten JA; Van Griensven GJ; Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; OBJECTIVES: To estimate the distribution of progression to stages of immunological markers after HIV infection in a cohort of homo/bisexual men in Amsterdam. METHODS: All homosexual men with two or more visits with immunological measurements, participating in a cohort study in Amsterdam since the end of 1984, were inc
Estimation of the rate of diagnosis of HIV infection in HIV infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):100 (abstract no. WS-C19-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333223; Farewell VT; Aalen OO; DeAngelis D; Day NE; University of Waterloo.; Estimation of the rate of diagnosis of HIV infection in a population of HIV infected persons is considered based on AIDS case reports and associated times of first diagnosis of HIV infection. The incorporation of a model for HIV infection diagnosis into the usual backcalculation framework is described. The use of info
HIV infection projections as estimated by non-parametric and semi-parametric models: an application to Italian data.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):100 (abstract no. WS-C19-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333224; Mariotti S; Cascioli R; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: to compare two popular models for estimating and projecting HIV infection in a practical application to Italian AIDS data. METHODS: The non-parametric Regression Decomposition RD) model developed at Harvard by Pagano and co-workers is compared to the classical semi-parametric Backcalculation model proposed
The role of primary infection in epidemic HIV transmission.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):100 (abstract no. WS-C19-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333225; Koopman JS; Jacquez JA; Simon CP; Haber M; U. of Mich.; BACKGROUND: HIV infection onsets during the early epidemic show a rise and fall that is sharp in comparison with the changes in behavior. This difference is striking in the MACS data. A sharp peak in contagiousness during primary infection could explain the infection pattern. METHODS: MACS and associated CCS data from
Assessment and preparation of potential study populations suitable for conducting HIV preventive vaccine efficacy trials.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):101 (abstract no. WS-C20-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333226; Heyward W; Osmanov S; Heymann D; Esparza J; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva,; Switzerland.; OBJECTIVES: To assess existing cohorts for potential HIV vaccine trials in developing countries, especially in the four countries with WHO-sponsored National Plans for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Research, Development and Evaluation ( Brazil , Rwanda ,
Ethical, behavioral, and social prerequisites for conducting HIV vaccine trials in developing countries. The International Collaborative Group on HIV Vaccine Trials.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):101 (abstract no. WS-C20-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333227; Lurie P; Fernandes ME; Bennett A; Koetsawang S; Coates TJ; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California,; San Francisco.; ISSUE: Several investigators are preparing to conduct efficacy trials of HIV vaccines in the developing world. Failure to adequately address the unique ethical, behavioral, and social issues that surround vaccine testing in that setting will jeopardize the success of these trials and future AIDS research in the host n
Feasibility of future HIV vaccine trials in New York City injecting drug users (IDUs) and their sexual partners.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):101 (abstract no. WS-C20-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333228; Mannor M; Wolfe H; Des Jarlais D; Krasinski K; Maslansky R; Simberkoff M; New York Univ. School of Med., NY.; OBJECTIVES: (1) To recruit and follow at 3-monthly intervals 500 high-risk HIV-negative (HIV-) subjects who, in the previous 6 months, reported injected drug use or sex with an IDU; (2) to assess seroconversion, and (3) to assess factors affecting recruitment, retention, and interest in participating in preventive vac
Incentives and disincentives to participate in prophylactic vaccine studies.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):101 (abstract no. WS-C20-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333229; Virochsiri K; Temoshok LR; Nitayaphan S; Sukhawarn C; Chinaworapong S; Carr J; Royal Thai Army Medical Department, Bangkok.; OBJECTIVES: In preparation for expected testing of prophylactic HIV vaccines, it is critical to understand whether and why different potential communities might want to participate in such trials, and the anticipated behavioral side effects of participation. METHODS: A questionnaire to assess possible health-related
Preparation for efficacy trials of HIV candidate vaccines: the role of the World Health Organization.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):101 (abstract no. WS-C20-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333230; Esparza J; Osmanov S; Heymann D; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva,; Switzerland.; OBJECTIVES: To assist national authorities and scientists in developing countries to strengthen the infrastructure that will be required for the conduct of vaccine trials with the highest ethical and scientific standards. METHODS: WHO-sponsored National Plans for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Research, Development and Evaluation
The effect of behavior change on estimates of prophylactic HIV vaccine efficacy in field trials.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):101 (abstract no. WS-C20-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333231; Halloran E; Longini I; Struchiner C; Haber M; Brunet R; Emory School of Public Health, Atlanta.; OBJECTIVES: To estimate the bias in prophylactic HIV vaccine efficacy (VE) estimates when vaccinated people increase their exposure to infection. METHODS: Simulations are conducted for blinded and unblinded VE trials with different levels and distributions of behavior change and protection against infection. VE estima
AIDS literacy: developing effective educational materials for Latina women with low literacy skills.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):102 (abstract no. WS-C21-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333233; Quinn EA; Ramos LJ; Martinez M; Fischbach L; Dent C; Department of Family Medicine, University of Southern California, Los; Angeles.; This project developed an economical, easily reproduced, and culturally specific method of creating illustrated educational materials for the prevention of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases for Latina women in Los Angeles County. A participatory model, based on the educational theories of functional literac
Capacity building for evaluation and monitoring in grass roots NGOs.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):102 (abstract no. WS-C21-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333234; Nath LM; Chowdhury S; NGO AIDS Cell, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of; Medical Sciences, New Delhi.; It is the very rare grass roots NGO that has the technical ability to monitor and evaluate its own programmes and projects. Yet without effective monitoring rational midcourse correction is not possible, and without proper evaluation other people can not draw upon the results and experience. The NGO AIDS Cell was set
Developing an HIV prevention intervention for a randomized trial.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):102 (abstract no. WS-C21-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333235; Kamb M; MacGowan R; Rhodes F; Kent C; Hoxworth T; Sweet D; Spitalny K; Project RESPECT; CDC, Atlanta.; BACKGROUND: For a randomized trial evaluating HIV prevention counseling, five urban STD clinics (Long Beach, San Francisco, Denver, Baltimore, Newark) are developing an HIV counseling intervention for STD patients. METHODS: Sites conducted a series of 4- to 6-week pilot studies to develop one acceptable clinic-based,
Monitoring of prevention programmes for migrant communities.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):102 (abstract no. WS-C21-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333236; Haour-Knipe M; Fleury F; Dubois-Arber F; Burgi D; Univ. Inst. Soc. & Prev. Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.; HIV/AIDS prevention programmes directed towards three of the largest of Switzerland s foreign populations were monitored during their first year of operation. Coordinated by the Federal Public Health Office, three collaborators worked through an NGO AIDS Foundation with Spanish, Portuguese, and Turkish communities. Af
The use of sexually transmitted disease (STD) statistics to evaluate Thailand's HIV prevention program.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):102 (abstract no. WS-C21-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333237; Hanenberg R; Benjarattanapron P; Mugrditchian D; OBJECTIVE: To attempt to corroborate high reported condom use by workers at commercial sex establishments by review of STD incidence rates from the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) clinics. Condom use was reported as 84% in 1992 which was increased from 14% in 1989. METHODS: Unpublished STD statistics from the MOPH we
Clinical survey of 1380 syphilis patients in Leipzig from 1983 to 1991.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):103 (abstract no. WS-C22-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333238; Haustein UF; Pfeil B; Dept. of Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Germany.; 1380 patients with syphilis were observed at our Department in West Saxonia of Germany , with 1.4 mill. population from 1983 to 1991. The incidence of syphilis has increased gradually from 1983 to 1989, but decreased between 1990 to 1991. The number of recent infectious syphilis ca
Estimation of male gonorrhoea incidence, in France, in 1991.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):103 (abstract no. WS-C22-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333240; Goulet V; Broudic I; Pinget R; Meyer L; Reseau National de Sante Publique, Hosp. St Maurice, France.; A study was performed among a national sample of 1/7 of the 4193 microbiological French laboratories. They were asked how many gonococcal infections they have diagnosed during the year 1991. The response rate among the 599 which were sampled was 88%. A mean of 1.82 [1.51-2.13] male gonococcal isolates was declared. Fo
Regional assessment of STD trends in Latin America and the Caribbean.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):103 (abstract no. WS-C22-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333241; Betts C; Zacarias F; STD/HIV Control Program, PAHO/WHO, Washington, D.C.; Given the synergism between HIV and other STDs, surveillance of STDs must provide program and policy decision makers with needed information for developing effective STD/HIV prevention strategies. After a report published in 1981, little information on STDs, other than HIV/AIDS, has been analyzed on a regional basis i
Trends in gonorrhea and HIV infection among urban minorities.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):103 (abstract no. WS-C22-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333242; Frederick W; Delapenha R; Leverette C; Peters B; Prout J; Greaves W; Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC.; Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, education programs have emphasized safe sex practices as an important element in HIV prevention and one way of curtailing the spread of HIV. Among some groups safe sex practices may have been responsible for the decline in AIDS and other STDs which often coexist with HIV infec
Zambian National STD Control Program: a model program.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):103 (abstract no. WS-C22-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333243; Hira S; Sunkutu R; Uniformed Serv Univ Health Sciences, Bethesda.; ISSUE. STD are major public health problem in Zambia . In 1980, upto 10% of outpatient attendances were related to STD. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION. The Zambian Ministry of Health launched the national STD Control Program in 1980 with the following objectives: 1. to improve STD management t
A random survey of sexual behavior among males in Mexico.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):104 (abstract no. WS-D01-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333244; Izazola-Licca JA; Sanchez-Perez HJ; Basanez-Arriola RA; Tolbert K; Dept of Research, National AIDS Council, Mexico.; OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of HIV-risky sexual behavior among adult males (15-60 yo) in Mexico City, Mexico. METHODS--A random household survey, based on the 1990 census, is currently under way. A total of 13,333 households will be included in the sampling frame. Face to face interviews were performed in t
Condom use trends in a rural district of Uganda, 1989-1992.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):104 (abstract no. WS-D01-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333245; Konde-Lule JK; Musgrave S; Kigongo D; Sewankambo N; Serwadda D; Wawer MJ; Makerere Univ.; OBJECTIVES. To evaluate the impact of health education on the frequency of condom use in a high HIV prevalence rural Ugandan district. METHODS. In 1988 the Rakai Project established a community based general population cohort to study the dynamics of HIV infection and to evaluate the effect of health education in the
Dreams--a strategy for getting heterosexual men to take responsibility.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):104 (abstract no. WS-D01-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333246; Bagasao T; Migallos G; Kabalikat ng Pamilyang Pilipino Foundation, Manila, Philippines.; AIDS prevention efforts have not singled out heterosexual men to take responsibility for their action even if most often they seem to be in control over negotiation for safe sex with their female partners. Late last year, the Condoms Fight AIDS campaign targeted at heterosexual men was launched in three major key citi
Prostitutes as educators of clients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):104 (abstract no. WS-D01-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333247; Calvet E; Santos de Lima I; Piedade da Silva I; Silveira Felix S; Szterenfeld C; Peterson C; Instituto de Estudos da Religiao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; PROBLEM: A previous study (see Amsterdam, PoC4183) indicated that the two main motives for non-use of condoms in commercial sexual relations were a relationship of trust between FSW and known clients and refusal by clients. Consultation with target public through 13 health agents recruited from FSW revealed a felt nee
Sexual behaviour, social relationships and AIDS prevention in France.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):104 (abstract no. WS-D01-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333248; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of communication in sexual and social relationships and its implications for AIDS prevention. METHOD: In 1992, a telephone questionnaire lasting 15 mn, designed to measure the frequence of homo/bisexual intercourse, intercourse with prostitutes over the past 5 years, multiple partner
Trends in heterosexual condom use in The Netherlands, April 1987-November 1992.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):104 (abstract no. WS-D01-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333249; Dingelstad AA; Vroome EM; Paalman ME; Sandfort TG; Utrecht University, The Netherlands.; OBJECTIVE: To monitor condom use in the Dutch general population, non monogamous respondents and respondents between 15-20 year. METHODS: Since 1987, twice a year, approximately 1000 respondents 15-45 year) are interviewed by telephone. To assess developments, data were analyzed with trend analysis. RESULTS: After 5 y
A model AIDS education program for high school students in the Philippines.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):105 (abstract no. WS-D02-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333250; Aplasca M; Monzon O; Santana R; Mandel J; Siegel D; Hearst N; Department of Health Research Institute for Tropical Medicine,; Alabang, Metro Manila, Philippines.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: In the absence of school-based AIDS education programs in the Philippines , AIDS information among high school students comes primarily from television and health care providers. This has resulted in high levels of knowledge, but continued behaviors that place ad
A research-based approach to health educational program in secondary schools in Egypt.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):105 (abstract no. WS-D02-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333251; Hasan M; Owida M; Abdelghaffar S; Farag A; Arab International Center for Fighting against AIDS (AICFA), Cairo,; Egypt.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: Development, implementation & evaluation of effectiveness of an educational program on AIDS & SEX education in some secondary schools in Egypt . DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Our center achieved a complex educational program and evaluation research on its effectiveness that
Evaluation of AIDS education for primary school children in northern Tanzania.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):105 (abstract no. WS-D02-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333252; Klepp KI; Ndeki S; Irema A; Msya M; Lyimo BA; Seha AM; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.; A school-based AIDS program designed to increase students awareness and knowledge regarding AIDS, and to strengthen attitudes and social norms discouraging early sexual behavior, was implemented in Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions. A written survey was administered to all students participating in the program and to st
New strategy for AIDS prevention.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):105 (abstract no. WS-D02-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333253; Lunin I; Hall T; Hearst N; AIDS Prevention Service, S.-Peterburg, Russia.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: Small behavioral changes in sexually active people shows low efficiency of many prevention measures (esp. of sexual education). Description of the project: AIDS prevention measures could be more successfully realised in the frames of proposed emotional cognitive embryogenetic model of sexual education.
Strategies for AIDS prevention education in high schools.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):105 (abstract no. WS-D02-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333254; Gamesh V; Chamdhok K; Kumar S; Saraswathi S; BACKGROUND: Adolescents in schools and colleges are vulnerable groups. Madras, an epicentre of AIDS in India needs immediate attention. It is not enough to merely give information. Our programmes particularly include the self empowerment and collective action approach. OBJECTIVE: To
Training high school teachers as counselors in AIDS prevention.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):105 (abstract no. WS-D02-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333255; Luque R; La Casa (The House) Programme, Bogota D.C., Columbia.; As a Non Governmental Organization, LA CASA Programme received financial support from a private foundation to develop an educational project in order to introduce the AIDS prevention into the existing health curriculum. The training was addressed to 80 teachers and counselors from 40 public schools so they could elabo
Actions to strengthen education about AIDS and the prevention of HIV infection, STD and other important health problems in schools.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):106 (abstract no. WS-D03-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333256; Isaksson A; Dhillon H; Sherry J; Sykes O; Baldo M; Jones J; UNESCO/Paris.; This presentation identifies new initiatives in support of school health education about AIDS and the prevention of HIV, STD and other important health problems. It identifies actions that might be taken by international, national and community-based organizations to: 1) advocate for such education, 2) mobilize suppor
Adolescents, language and prevention: semio-linguistic study.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):106 (abstract no. WS-D03-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333257; A number of studies on adolescents and the prevention of AIDS have been carried out from psycho-sociological and behavioral points of view, but little attention has been awarded to the AIDS prevention from a semio-linguistic point of view and in respect to the questions on communication and language that it raises. Th
HIV education in the public schools: high school students speak out.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):106 (abstract no. WS-D03-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333258; Rogers SJ; Birenbaum A; Marsh N; New York State Education Department.; Thirteen focus group interviews were conducted with 150 high school students throughout New York State to determine how teenagers learn about HIV/AIDS, what information students want from an educational program, and how schools can deliver it more effectively. Findings revealed that teenagers learned about HIV/AIDS pr
Myths and rationality: adolescents' decisions to have safe sex.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):106 (abstract no. WS-D03-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333259; Rosenthal D; Moore S; Centre for the Study of Sexually Transmissible Diseases, La Trobe; University, Melbourne, Australia.; In spite of concerted efforts by HIV/AIDS educators, adolescents have been slow to change their unsafe sexual practices. Use of condoms by many young people is still limited or non-existent, especially with partners considered to be regular or long-term. Australian studies of 16- and 18-year-olds have shown that safer
Preparing teachers of young children to talk about HIV/AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):106 (abstract no. WS-D03-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333260; Silin J; Bank Street College of Education, New York, NY 10025.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: Increasingly children below the age of eight will need HIV/AIDS education. By the end of the decade, one million children will be orphaned world wide. Those who do not experience the disease through the loss of family or friends, will learn about it from older siblings, more knowledgeable peers and the
Promoting sexual health for the young in Berlin--from schoolwork to community partnership.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):106 (abstract no. WS-D03-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333261; Hachmann M; Jansen-Rosseck R; Senate of Berlin, Department of Health, Germany.; The Berlin Schoolworker Programme , an external AIDS prevention programme for inside school use, reached more than 120,000 pupils as well as parents and teachers by personal communication contacts within a period of 4 1/2 years. Based on these experiences, which were backed up by the results of accompanying scientifi
Cultural and socio/economic factors as an impediment to HIV prevention among rural women in Trinidad and Tobago.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):107 (abstract no. WS-D04-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333262; Kambon A; National AIDS Programme, Trinidad.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: Women in rural areas of Trinidad and Tobago although knowledgeable about HIV transmission are slow to adopt risk reduction behavio
Great move towards the thematic women/AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):107 (abstract no. WS-D04-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333263; In the last few years it has been noticed a great move towards the thematic women/AIDS verified by the spread of information therefore the real actions towards this segment seems to fail in avoiding the epidemics development. Innovated actions to an effective prevention against AIDS is urgent regarding this context. T
HIV seropositivity factors and prevalence of risk factors of prison entrants: a multi-center study.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):107 (abstract no. WS-D04-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333264; Balas MN; Facy F; Espinoza P; Service des Urgences Hotel Dieu Paris.; OBJECTIVES: To analyse the prevalence of risk factors and HIV seropositivity in a population of 1009 women entering 12 prisons, 3 of which are in Paris metropolitan area (Ile de France ) and 9 regional site. The population studied represents 25% of the annual flow of women entering 5
Relevant AIDS education for Thai adolescent female workers.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):107 (abstract no. WS-D04-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333265; Cash K; Anansuchatkul B; ChiangMai Univ., Thailand.; Our research compared three AIDS education interventions: peer group, health promoter, materials only interventions. Current conclusions suggest that peer group education is most effective because of the continuing face-to-face communication between peer group members and leaders during working hours, because peer lea5
Risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among lesbian and heterosexual women.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):107 (abstract no. WS-D04-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333266; Weiss SH; Vaughn A; Reyelt C; Mayur RK; Klein CW; Altman R; UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark.; OBJECTIVES: Examine prevalence of behavioral risk factors in women from 2 high HIV prevalence U.S. cities, and the associations with HIV & other STD. METHODS: 115 women were enrolled, examined and interviewed from a community health center 66), AIDS clinic (25) and drug treatment center (24). RESULTS: 57.4% (66/115
Women in developing countries: the case study of economic factors as a function of HIV sexual and behavioural risks among African women.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):107 (abstract no. WS-D04-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333267; Mmari FJ; Medical Aid Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; OBJECTIVES: To investigate why most young women with sufficient knowledge and information about the dangers of HIV infections have several sexual partners and practise unprotected sex. METHODS: Through self administered questionnaire, 2000 women under 35 years living in Tanzania
Attitudes towards contraception and pregnancy in HIV(+) women female).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):108 (abstract no. WS-D05-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333268; McCarthy KH; Norman SG; Studd JW; Johnson MA; Royal Free Hospital & School of Medicine, London, England, U.K.; METHOD: A questionnaire was completed at initial gynaecological assessment. RESULTS: 66 HIV+ female mean age 30 yrs: 43 had a male partner & 34 had informed their partner they were HIV+. HIV status was known for 29 females (14 HIV+, 15 HIV-). 21 females reported a deterioration in the relationship since diagnosis,
Intervention development for wives of Ugandan AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):108 (abstract no. WS-D05-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333269; Baingana G; Aliseka P; Byansi R; Hearst N; Mulago Hospital, Kampala Uganda.; OBJECTIVES: To assess risk perception, attitudes, psychological and socio-cultural support systems that women partner s of men with AIDS have, and use this as a basis of development of an appropriate health education intervention. METHODS: Women partner s of men admitted with AIDS on a medical ward, Mulago hospital Ka
The transforming impact of HIV seropositive as educators.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):108 (abstract no. WS-D05-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333271; Bellucci S; Hayashi R; Hebling E; Centro Corsini, Campinas-SP, Brazilian.; OBJECTIVE: Bring up responsible self protecting attitudes against HIV contamination and supporting social response towards HIV seropositive persons. FOCUS GROUP: Poor women in 7 day-care centers in the fringe of Campinas a 900,000 inhabitants industrial city, 100 km from S. Paulo, Braz
Women & AIDS in Germany--results of a four years pilot-programme of the German Ministry of Health.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):108 (abstract no. WS-D05-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333272; Elfriede S; Leopold B; Sozial Paedagogisches Institut Berlin, FRG.; 8.8% of all AIDS-cases registered in the FRG since 1982 including December 1992) are women, (total number: 810 women among 8,395 cases). Nearly 50% of these women were infected through i.v. drug abuse, nevertheless heterosexual transmission cannot be excluded. Heterosexual HIV-infections among women are increasing (ne
Women and HIV/AIDS in Russia.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):108 (abstract no. WS-D05-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333273; Savelyeva IV; Savelyeva MV; Gardner KJ; Int. Center for Better Health, Moscow, Russia.; PROBLEM: Women represent over two-thirds of officially registered adult HIV/AIDS cases in Russia , and over half of those infected through heterosexual contact. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the reasons why women in Russia are disproportionately infected with HIV, and suggest an approp
Developing a strategy for urban aboriginal AIDS education and prevention.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):109 (abstract no. WS-D06-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333274; Rekart ML; B.C. Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.; OBJECTIVE--To raise the level of AIDS awareness among urban aboriginals and to prevent HIV spread in this population. METHOD--To encourage and support urban aboriginal leaders and workers to come together to develop their own strategy for AIDS education and prevention. RESULTS--An urban aboriginal umbrella organizatio
Native American Indian traditions increasing the quality of living for persons with HIV/AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):109 (abstract no. WS-D06-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333275; Lidot T; Indian Health Council, Inc.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: Psycho-social stressors, self-esteem and self image and their affect on the quality of life for individuals living with HIV/AIDS; lack of integration and balance of mental, spiritual, emotional and physical components of self. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Indian Health council, Inc., HIV/AIDS Prevention Educ
Sexuality/AIDS awakening program for indigenous women (northwest Argentina).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):109 (abstract no. WS-D06-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333276; Caride C; Taller Permanente de la Mujer-Buenos Aires, Argentina.; We ll talk about workshops made with indigenous peasant women in Northwest Argentinian Andean border. They were about the links between AIDS and women s sexuality. Indigenous women are not prepared to prevent AIDS and their own knowledge and beliefs about sexuality play against their possibility to avoid it. Workshops
Socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on the Australian Aboriginal community.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):109 (abstract no. WS-D06-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333277; The theme of my paper is on how the poor socio-economic standing of Aboriginal Australians has and continues to impact upon our assessing viral treatments, culturally appropriate support programmes and hinders preventative education, all factors in prolonging life. It is no secret Aboriginal people in Australia are am
Training ethnic minorities (EM) in northern Thailand (NT) to develop and use culturally relevant AIDS educational (AE) materials.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):109 (abstract no. WS-D06-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333278; Jirakun A; Brown K; Vickery L; Chumui D; Pornsakunpaisan K; Harbison J; Health Project for Tribal People, Thailand.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: a) AIDS is spreading rapidly in NT where > 70% of EM reside; b) EM have not been reached by existing Thai AE programs due to cultural differences and suspicion of outsiders; c) lack of AE materials relevant to EM. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: EM representatives without previous experience in AIDS interventio
Empowerment of Malaysian PWA's--issues, barriers and strategies.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):11 (abstract no. PS-06-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333279; Singh JJ; Positive Living, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.; This presentation will focus on issues and barriers to the empowerment of PWA s in Malaysia with specific reference to cultural, political and economic issues which differentiate developing country PWA empowerment models from those existing in the North. The author will discuss s
HIV pathogenesis and long-term survival.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):11 (abstract no. PS-05-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333280; Levy JA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.; As with other viral diseases, HIV infection has its long-term survivors. These individuals have characteristics that distinguish them from other infected individuals who progress to disease. Among these differences are infection with a virus with relatively little destructive effects on CD4+ cells most likely caused b
Mycotic infections in patients infected with HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):11 (abstract no. PS-07-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333281; Sirisanthana T; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,; Thailand.; Mycotic infections are common in patients infected with HIV. Candida species are the most common causative organisms. They are discomforting rather than life threatening, because systemic candidiasis is uncommon. Cryptococcus neoformans is a major cause of meningitis. It can also cause disseminated disease. The occurr
Progress in therapy and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):11 (abstract no. PS-07-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333282; Weller IV; Academic Department of Genito Urinary Medicine, University College; London Medical School, U.K.; The effect of antiviral monotherapy on the natural history of HIV infection would appear to be modest and transient. Currently and for the immediate future important clinical benefits might be expected from advances in the prophylaxis and management of the life threatening opportunistic infections, in a setting of pat
Social and economic determinants of vulnerability to HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):11 (abstract no. PS-06-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333283; Bassett MT; Depart. of Community Medicine, Univ. of Zimbabwe Harare.; Understanding of HIV transmission between individuals offers little insight into the emerging uneven worldwide distribution of infection. The brunt of the epidemic is borne by the poor, marginalized and powerless. Already 75% of all HIV-infected people reside in developing countries, a proportion expected to rise to 9
STD control for HIV prevention.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):11 (abstract no. PS-06-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333284; Laga M; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.; Sexual spread of HIV is occurring at strikingly different rates in different parts of the world. The determination of controllable factors that facilitate sexual transmission of the virus is of paramount importance in the search for more effective HIV control strategies. There is now increasing evidence, both epidemio
Bisexually active men's practices and strategies for HIV: implications for education and prevention.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):110 (abstract no. WS-D07-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333285; Crawford J; Rodden P; Kippax S; National Centre in HIV Social Research (MU) Macquarie University,; Sydney, Australia.; AIM: To investigate sexual practices of bisexually active men and the responses of these men to HIV/AIDS compared with those of men who have sex only with men. METHOD: A large national telephone survey of men who had sex with men was conducted in mid 1992. 2,583 men were interviewed on sexual practices and their conte
Results of WHO/GPA 7-nation homosexual response studies.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):110 (abstract no. WS-D07-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333286; Coxon AP; Project SIGMA, Univ of Essex, Colchester, U.K.; OBJECTIVE: To report and compare preliminary findings from 7 national sites collaborating in WHO/GPA Homosexual Response Studies. METHODS: The sites are: Israel , England & Wales, Austria , Netherlands ,
Science, gay men and AIDS: new directions for research.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):110 (abstract no. WS-D07-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333287; Davies PM; Weatherburn P; Hickson FC; Project SIGMA, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K.; OBJECTIVES: To suggest new avenues for research relative to the design of interventions for gay and bisexual men. METHODS: Meta-analysis of existing and current research. RESULTS: The second decade of AIDS has begun with a stagnation of scientific understanding of unsafe sexual behaviour among gay and bisexual men. Th
Sexual behaviour of gay and bisexual men in eight European countries. EC-concerted action on AIDS/HIV prevention strategies--Working Group on Homo/Bisexual Men.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):110 (abstract no. WS-D07-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333288; Bochow M; Dubois-Arber F; Schiltz MA; University of Lausanne, Switzerland.; OBJECTIVES: To compare the sexual behaviour and the risk reduction strategies of gay and bisexual men in 8 european countries. METHODS: A questionnaire including 44 core questions for all 8 particip. countries was circulated mainly in gay journals in summer and autumn 1991 in A, CH, D, DK, F, GB, I, NL. As of February
Sexual satisfaction, sexual risk-taking and behaviour change among gay and bisexual men. Canadian AIDS Society.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):110 (abstract no. WS-D07-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333289; Myers T; Godin G; Calzavara LM; Lambert J; Locker D; University of Toronto, ON., Canada.; OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between sexual risk behaviour, behaviour change and sexual satisfaction among gay and bisexual men. METHOD: 4,803 gay and bisexual men were recruited though gay-identified venues, in 35 cities across Canada and completed a questionnaire concern
Two worlds of risk: gay male bar patrons need special AIDS prevention interventions.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):110 (abstract no. WS-D07-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333290; Ekstrand ML; Stall R; McKusick L; Kegeles S; Hoff C; Catania J; Coates T; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, (CAPS) UCSF.; OBJECTIVE: To examine rates and psychosocial correlates of unsafe sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men in two cities Portland, OR, Tucson, AZ) outside the major U.S. AIDS epicenters. To examine whether these rates and correlates differed among community-based and bar samples in these cities. METHOD: Gay men in b
An HIV/STD prevention program for homosexually active men who do not necessarily identify themselves as gay in Lima.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):111 (abstract no. WS-D08-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333291; Caceres C; Rosasco A; Asoc. VIA LIBRE, Lima, Peru.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an HIV/STD prevention program targeting non-gay identified homosexually active men. METHODS: Based on a needs assessment, a 3.5 hour workshop was designed to improve HIV/STD risk perception, increase motivation and skills to prevent HIV/STD, and develop solidarity toward PWHIV. Varied methodolog
Assessment of transsexual and homosexual activity in Madras, India.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):111 (abstract no. WS-D08-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333292; Oostvogels R; Kantharaj K; Radhakrishnan KM; Menon S; STD Institute, Madras, India.; OBJECTIVE: To provide authorities concerned with the data necessary for designing the strategies for prevention of HIV transmission in the circuits of men who have sex with men and transsexuals in Madras. METHODOLOGY: The main method of research was participant observation. A team of researchers from among the high ri
Female sexual partners of bisexual men: what they don't know might hurt them.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):111 (abstract no. WS-D08-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333293; Stokes J; McKirnan D; Burzette B; Vanable P; Univ. of Ill, Chicago.; Data is from anonymous interviews with 467 men (219 White [W] and 248 African-American [AA]) who reported sex with both a male and a female in the past three years. Recruitment methods included print ads (29%), snowballing (19%), and outreach workers in the community (34%) and in straight and gay bars (18%). Research
HIV and safe sex education for young men who have sex with men.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):111 (abstract no. WS-D08-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333294; Mackie B; Spina A; AIDS Council of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; OBJECTIVES: To provide safe sex HIV/AIDS education to young men under the age of 26 years) who have sex with men, in the Sydney, NSW, metropolitan area. The project is designed to bring about behavioural changes within the target group, supporting them in practicing and maintaining safe sexual practices. METHOD: This
Men who have unsafe sex with other men.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):111 (abstract no. WS-D08-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333295; Bartos M; McLeod J; Nott P; Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Canberra.; In 1992 the Australian Department of Health commissioned a research project on the educational needs of men who have sex with men who do not identify with the gay community. The research was designed to inform the second stage of an educational campaign, the first stage of which had targeted gay and bisexual men. The
MESMAC is a three year pilot project.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):111 (abstract no. WS-D08-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333296; Lynch F; Taylor J; Spyrou K; Faisal J; Joe T; Eisenstadt K; MESMAC Project, Health Education Authority, London, UK.; OBJECTIVES. MESMAC is a three year pilot project funded by the Government Health Education Authority and based at four different sites in England. METHODS. The project works with men who have sex with men (MWHSWM) to a community development methodology. Each site has a different target group: Black MWHSWM, MWHSWM unde
Bisexuality, drug use, & prostitution among men intercepted in urban neighborhoods with high IDU prevalence.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):112 (abstract no. WS-D09-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333297; Beeker C; Schnell D; Higgins D; Sheridan J; O'Reilly K; AIDS Demonstration Projects, CDC, Atlanta, GA.; OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual practices, drug use and HIV-antibody status among behaviorally bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual men intercepted on the street in three U.S. cities. METHODS: During 11/91-9/92 in Dallas, Denver and Long Beach (CA), repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted at street locations id
Cross cultural similarities in AIDS risk reduction among injecting drug users.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):112 (abstract no. WS-D09-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333298; Des Jarlais DC; Choopanya K; Frischer M; Lima E; Friedmann P; Friedman SR; Beth Israel Med. Center, NYC.; OBJECTIVE: To compare risk reduction processes among injecting drug users in different cultures. For all of the cities included in the analysis, risk reduction by IDUs has led to reduced rates of HIV infection. METHODS: A WHO developed questionnaire was administered to samples of injecting drug users in Bangkok,
Household seroprevalence survey in three high-risk Chicago neighborhoods: HIV pathways between high-risk and general populations.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):112 (abstract no. WS-D09-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333299; O'Brien M; Murray J; Wiebel W; Dept of Epid/Bio, Univ of Ill., Chicago.; Risk for HIV in residential samples from 3 Chicago inner-city neighborhoods was studied. Neighborhoods were selected for study because of their high concentrations of street IDU. HIV seroprevalence among IDU in these neighborhoods followed since 1988 is approximately 30%. Non-IDU residents of these areas are considere
HIV-infection and social marginality in i.v.-drug users.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):112 (abstract no. WS-D09-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333300; Dobler-Mikola A; Zimmer Hofler D; Uchtenhagen A; Socialpsychiatric Service, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich,; Switzerland.; Since the late eighties there has been increasing proportion of AIDS cases linked to intravenous drug use. HIV-infection among addicts, however, does not seem to be a result of i.v.-drug use per se but there is some evidence that psychosocial and behavioral characteristics are important intervening factors in the spre
Peer education among IDUs in Baltimore (US) and Sydney Australia): similarities and differences within a model of peer education.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):112 (abstract no. WS-D09-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333301; Burrows D; Price C; AIDS Association, Sydney, Australia.; An HIV explosion has occurred among injecting drug users (IDUs) in many countries in the developed and developing world. The paper describes peer education programmes currently under way in Baltimore (where around 25% of the city s 40,000 IDUs are HIV-positive) and Sydney (with about 5% of its 60,000 IDUs HIV-positi
Street work and needle exchange machines as complementary strategies of HIV harm reduction among active drug users: an Italian model.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):112 (abstract no. WS-D09-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333302; Agnoletto V; Tradati C; Ceserani N; Capra E; Andolina P; Lesmo C; L.I.L.A., Milano, Italia.; PRINCIPLE OBJECTIVE: Modification of risk behaviors which can lead to the acquisition of HIV and HBV among drug users not in contact with other health services in San Giuliano, a suburb of Milan. METHODOLOGY: Using a mobile unit, drug users were contacted and given the opportunity to access counselling service as well
A larger concept of PEER EDUCATION: the experience of programa Pegacao".: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):113 (abstract no. WS-D10-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333303; Longo PH; Nucleo de Orientacao em Saude Social (NOSS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; OBJECTIVES: As the concept of PEER EDUCATION has been widely discussed, present other education activities more effective for the target group than the simple relationship among peers/Provide recommendations for PEER EDUCATORS training based in the 4 years experience of Programa Pegacao , a program for male prostitut
A qualitative investigation of condom use negotiation among prostitutes in Singapore.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):113 (abstract no. WS-D10-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333304; Wong ML; Archibald C; Roy KW; Chan C; Goh A; Goh CL; Tan TC; Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National; University of Singapore.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: A previous study found prostitutes in Singapore to succeed only half the time in getting clients to use condoms. Condom use negotiation is a complex communication activity that is influenced by clients characteristics, prostitutes self-efficacy and negotiation c
Ethnography of prostitution in Kamathipura and Khetwadi sections of Bombay, India.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):113 (abstract no. WS-D10-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333305; Oostvogels R; Karamade A; Bombay Municipal Corporation.; OBJECTIVE: To provide the authorities concerned with an ethnographic picture of the situation in Kamathipura and Khetwadi red light areas. The ethnographic picture of the situation allows develop questionnaires for a structured survey. On the basis of data collected, strategies and plan for intervention aimed at preve
Factors related to condom use among female commercial sex workers CSW's) in Thailand.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):113 (abstract no. WS-D10-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333306; Chongvatana N; van Griensven G; Nartoratarn C; Likhityingvara C; Ngaokaew S; Absornthanasombat T; Department of Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; OBJECTIVE: To identify demographic and behavioral factors related to condom use among female CSW s in Thailand . METHODS: During a cross sectional survey in May 1992, interviews were taken from 1,012 female CSW s sampled from direct (brothel) and indirect bar, club, etc.) types of
Sexual behaviour of German (sex) tourists.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):113 (abstract no. WS-D10-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333307; Kleiber D; Wilke M; Psychology Departement, Free University of Berlin, FRG.; OBJECTIVES: Sex-tourists are regarded as a high-risk group for the international spread of HIV. Little is known, however, about their actual sexual behaviour and about suitable preventive measures. In a study supported by the German Ministry of Health BMG), German tourists, who had sexual contact with the local popula
The importance of peer distribution of condoms to prostitutes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):113 (abstract no. WS-D10-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333308; Tchupo JP; Manchester T; Monny Lobe M; Buschel R; Population Services International/Cameroon (PSI).; OBJECTIVES: Increase condom usage rate by prostitutes and their clients. METHODS: Recruitment of prostitute leaders in Yaounde, Douala, and Ebolowa. Training in counseling, communication and marketing techniques. Educational discussions, plays and condom sales in places frequented by prostitutes and their clients. RES
AIDS in Argentinian prisons in 1993.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):114 (abstract no. WS-D11-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333309; Barberis D; BACKGROUND: In 1987, the Federal Penitentiary Service conducted massive testings in prisons of B.A. ( Argentina ). They selected 400 individuals and 17% of such cases tested positive. These people living with HIV are left with no protection at all, due to the lack of penitentiary
HIV infection among Italian prisoners. The incompatibility of AIDS diagnosis and imprisonment.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):114 (abstract no. WS-D11-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333310; Monarca R; Starnini G; Lepri F; Caterini A; Penitentiary of Viterbo S. Sani Penitentiary of Ancona, Italy.; The dilapidated conditions of most Italian prisons and the high percentage of HIV infected drug-addicts and prostitutes among the inmates make the control of the diffusion of the infection very difficult. Recent legislations (1990) have entrusted the Prison Administrations with new important duties which attempt to ma
HIV/AIDS in prisons--Chile.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):114 (abstract no. WS-D11-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333311; Bustos P; Arredondo A; Child R; Comision Nacional de SIDA, Minsal.; PROBLEM: There are 180 penitentiary units in the country, with approximately 21,000 prisoners. 80% inmate population is younger than 30 years and over 95% male. No national mandatory screening policy has been established. HIV testing is voluntary for chilean inmates, so refusing is a known discrimination factor for ot
Sexual behavior and prevalence of STDs among detained adolescent females in U.S.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):114 (abstract no. WS-D11-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333312; Oh MK; Berman S; Pass RF; Cloud GA; Fleenor M; University of Alabama, Birmingham.; Detained adolescents are at risk for many social, emotional and medical problems. This study was undertaken to assess STD risk of detained female adolescents in a U.S. city. Sexual behavior and STDs were assessed in 163 (age 15.1 +/- 1.3, range 11-18; 64% black) sexually active girls admitted to a youth center. Each d
W.H.O. guidelines on HIV/AIDS in prisons: a comparison between the 1987 and 1992 versions.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):114 (abstract no. WS-D11-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333313; Schaller G; University Institute of Legal Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.; The 1987 W.H.O. statement on prevention of AIDS in prison has recently been updated, in the form of guidelines , by a consultation in which developing countries were well represented. The 1992 recommendations address the problems of developing countries more directly: Adequate material and resources must be available
When HIV is not the issue. Assessment of the HIV and non-HIV related needs of prisoners and former prisoners.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):114 (abstract no. WS-D11-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333314; Mahon N; Machon S; Correctional Association of New York, New York 10003.; ISSUE: Correctional officials conservatively estimate 17.8% of the 63,000 inmates in New York State prisons are living with HIV, while prison advocates and prisoners themselves place the number between 50 and 80%. Despite these alarmingly high seroprevalence rates, HIV education remains largely unavailable and unrespo
Conducting policy-relevant research: the first comprehensive, United States government-funded evaluation of needle exchange programs (NEPs) in North America.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):115 (abstract no. WS-D12-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333315; Chen D; Lurie P; Bowser B; Kahn JG; Sorensen J; Jones TS; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San; Francisco.; OBJECTIVE: To assess the public health impact and sociopolitical contexts of NEPs in the United States and Canada . APPROACH: Sixteen research questions, including descriptions of NEPs, populations reached, community responses, and effects on behavio
Current experiences with methadone in the treatment of injection drug users with HIV infection in Germany.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):115 (abstract no. WS-D12-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333317; Golz J; Current demand exceeds the availability of chemical dependency treatment in Germany . Only 4% of IDU s hold a place in longterm abstinence therapy, of which 25% remain abstinent after treatment. Only about one percent of IDU s stay off drugs without therapeutical interventions. Met
Needle exchange for HIV-control in The Hague, Netherlands: an outreach service with IVDU's as intermediaries.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):115 (abstract no. WS-D12-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333319; Beaumont WJ; de Jongh-Wieth FE; Slijngard WE; van der Boor A; van Kleef R; de Wildt GR; City Health Department, The Hague, Netherlands.; An outreach City Health team provides needle-exchange and health education to IVDU s who are not in contact with the regular health services. In 1991, during 500 visits to private homes and visits to areas where male and female prostitutes are permitted to solicit, 100,000 needles and syringes as well as 40,000 condom
Combining alternative communication and participatory processes as a form of peer education.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):116 (abstract no. WS-D13-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333321; Pinzon A; Velandia M; PATH seconded to AIDSCAP/Family Health International, Arlington, VA.; OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that alternative, interpersonal and participatory communication among peers can initiate an educational process that fosters behavioral change in target populations. Target populations are not used simply to validate materials but to establish messages and informational contents generated fro
Interagency partnerships--for HIV/AIDS health education in eastern & central Europe.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):116 (abstract no. WS-D13-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333322; Bristow K; Apostolesu S; McCreery R; AIDS Care, Education & Training (ACET), London, UK.; ISSUE: Interagency partnerships at the level of national government, UN agencies and international NGOs are essential for HIV/AIDS prevention strategies in Eastern and Central Europe. DESCRIPTION OF PARTNERSHIP: The partnership formed in June 1991 between the Romanian Government, UNICEF and ACET successfully establish
Management seminars; strategy for AIDS care and prevention.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):116 (abstract no. WS-D13-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333323; Siame DC; Mwilu R; Chaava T; Chela C; Sulwe C; Salvation Army Chikankata Hospital, Zambia.; From July 1989, the Chikankata AIDS Care and Prevention Department has been conducting a five-day seminar each month. The seminar is primarily for health professionals and others from within Zambia and the region who are currently involved in or need to start AIDS care and preventi
Organizing South African traditional healers to mount sexually explicit AIDS prevention initiatives.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):116 (abstract no. WS-D13-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333324; Manci M; Zokwe B; Dupree JD; Green EC; Traditional Doctors AIDS Project, South Africa.; BACKGROUND: Recent local studies confirm 80+% of South Africa s black population see traditional healers. It is essential to recruit them into AIDS prevention in their practices, as well as into the training of other healers. METHOD: Five national healers organizations consulted by AIDSCOM/AIDSCAP sent an equal number
The HIV Project Centre Primary Care Mentor Program.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):116 (abstract no. WS-D13-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333325; Berger P; Rachlis AR; Peter AM; Hettiarachchi D; Klein A; University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: Of the more than 6,500 registered primary care physicians in Ontario, Canada , approximately 40% of all HIV patients are cared for by a group of only 38 physicians in Metro Toronto. In an attempt to address this problem, the HIV Project Centre Primary Care Mentor Prog
The 17 multidisciplinary AIDS education/training centers (AIDS ETCS) of the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):116 (abstract no. WS-D13-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333326; Macher A; Rivo M; Mullan F; Division of Medicine, Bureau of Health Professions, HRSA, USPHS,; Rockville, MD.; ISSUE: Educating and updating primary care providers of diverse disciplines and ethnicity, in both rural and metropolitan communities, about HIV disease and its related complications is a formidable challenge to our complex and scattered health care system. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: The USPHS is funding a major nationwi
Community involvement in HIV/AIDS prevention: the TASO approach.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):117 (abstract no. WS-D14-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333327; Kabanda M; Coghlan A; Mulindwa-Sempungu S; Katende M; Musungu M; ISSUE ADDRESSED: Because of the heterosexual nature of HIV transmission, high prevalence rates and limited resources in Uganda , communities must be more involved in designing and implementing HIV/AIDS prevention programmes. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: In 1990 The AIDS Support Organisation
Creating a gay network as part of community-based AIDS prevention in Indonesia.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):117 (abstract no. WS-D14-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333328; Oetomo D; Rianto JJ; Gaya Nusantara/Hotline Surya, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Working with mainstream AIDS NGOs has proven beneficial to gay support groups in several locations in Indonesia . The success story of the partnership of Gaya Nusantara, a gay group, and Hotline Surya, an AIDS NGO, will be told. It is necessary to reach out to gay communities in
Experience of a community based AIDS prevention program in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand (NT).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):117 (abstract no. WS-D14-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333329; Thepjak P; Chiu J; Harbison J; Marksuk S; Chaisiri N; Sripanich R; ACT Center, Chiang Mai.; ISSUE/PROBLEM: NT is an area of high HIV prevalence. Community efforts along with government programs are needed to slow the epidemic. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: The Chiang Mai AIDS Counselling and Training (ACT) Center opened in 7/91 to provide: 1) public AIDS education (AE); 2) Anonymous HIV counselling and testing; 3)
Net work among NGOs.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):117 (abstract no. WS-D14-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333330; Dhanammal G; Nataraj S; South India AIDS Action Programme, Madras.; INTRODUCTION: NGOs already working in the field of community health work in Tamil Nadu offer a parallel support system to their respective communities. Our aim was to reach out to the general public especially in rural areas and to create an awareness about HIV/AIDS. STRATEGY: Instead of NGOs being established to hand
Positiv e.V.--the Federal Meetings of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Germany.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):117 (abstract no. WS-D14-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333331; Doms U; Vorhagen W; In May 1986 the first meeting of people living with HIV was held at the Free Conference House Waldschlosschen near Gottingen, initiated by persons affected. The response to the meeting was remarkable. For the first time in their lives many of the participants experienced a community of solidarity, where they could s
Rural Saskatchewan and HIV/AIDS: facilitating a community response.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):117 (abstract no. WS-D14-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333332; Botting A; Paveling LA; Wushke R; AIDS Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.; In the province of Saskatchewan, Canada (pop. 1,000,000) one-fifth of HIV/AIDS patients are in rural areas. Many persons with AIDS return from urban areas to communities of origin for care and support. Since November, 1991, AIDS Saskatoon, a community-based organization serving cen
An educational program for the secondary prevention of HIV/AIDS and empowerment of seropositive persons in Lima.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):118 (abstract no. WS-D15-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333333; Rosasco A; Caceres C. Asoc. VIA LIBRE, Lima, Peru.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an educational intervention aimed at secondary prevention and empowerment of PWHIV in Lima. METHODS: A weekly four-session program was designed to increase motivation for secondary prevention, provide relevant biomedical/nutritional information, promote safer sex, discuss psychosocial aspects an
Early intervention for HIV infection among gay men in two secondary AIDS epicenters.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):118 (abstract no. WS-D15-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333334; Stall R; Ekstrand M; Hoff C; Paul J; Catania J; Coates T; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, (CAPS), Univ. California-San; Francisco.; OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of early intervention treatment for HIV infection among gay/bisexual men in two secondary AIDS epicenters in the United States (Portland, Oregon and Tucson, Arizona). METHODS: Gay men were sampled using two methods: 1) a list-frame household teleph
Living with HIV and AIDS: the problems of mortality.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):118 (abstract no. WS-D15-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333335; Rinken S; European University Institute, Florence, Italy.; In Western industrialized societies, death has, in the course of the 20th century, become a taboo. This statement is a commonplace neither the reasons, nor the consequences of which have properly been understood as yet. People are generally not ready to acknowledge themselves as mortal: death is generally not taken in
Medical and psychological characteristics of extended longterm survival with AIDS: a follow-up study.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):118 (abstract no. WS-D15-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333336; Remien RH; Rabkin J; Katoff L; Wagner G; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NY State Psychiatric; Institute, NY.; OBJECTIVES: (1) To identify predictors of extended longterm survival with AIDS; (2) To assess the psychological status and quality of life of longterm survivors in the context of prolonged physical and psychological challenge and multiple loss. METHODS: We conducted a one-year follow-up study of AIDS longterm survivor
Recruiting and retaining asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals in HIV risk reduction (RR) education programs.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):118 (abstract no. WS-D15-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333337; Schindler SE; Jones P; Menzer J; West GR; Valdiserri RO; Hinman AR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.; OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of four one-year programs funded by USCM in recruiting and retaining asymptomatic HIV-seropositive clients (i.e., injecting-drug users and women) in HIV RR education programs. METHODS: Periodic project reports and other data are examined to determine: 1) each project s level of e
Burnout--among volunteers.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):119 (abstract no. WS-D16-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333339; Chew JK; Malaysian Council of NGOs on AIDS, Kuala Lumpur.; Burnout is a loose term used to describe what happens to some people in the caring profession when they have given of themselves too much for too long, have become drained and have been lacking support--financially and emotionally, quality time off etc.... The first signs of danger is when a warm caring person begin
Models of care for burnout prevention in HIV health workers.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):119 (abstract no. WS-D16-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333340; Miller D; Gillies P; Dept. of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, University of; Nottingham, England.; OBJECTIVES: While the symptoms and consequences of occupational stress are increasingly understood, models for effective prevention and management of burnout are not clearly articulated. This paper explains models for care and prevention of HIV health worker burnout, and needs for future research. METHODS: Organisatio
Supervision solves volunteer 'burn-out' problem.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):119 (abstract no. WS-D16-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333341; Sunderland RH; Shelp EE; Foundation for Interfaith Research and Ministry, Houston, Texas.; We plan to report on the reduction of volunteer burn-out in our Houston model of AIDS-related care services, currently provided by 1300 volunteers organized in sixty groups ( Care Teams ) which, in 1992, provided more than 400 HIV-infected individuals with over 125,000 hours of supportive services. Care Team volunteer
The impact of buddy volunteer caregiving on gay men and heterosexual women engaged in supportive services to people with HIV disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):119 (abstract no. WS-D16-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333342; Greene D; McVinney D; Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York, NY.; OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of buddy volunteer caregiving for gay men and heterosexual women providing psychosocial support for people with HIV disease. METHOD: The sample consisted of 115 volunteer trainees and 126 active buddy volunteers. Measures included the Center for
Volunteer motivation and retention in a voluntary AIDS service organisation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):119 (abstract no. WS-D16-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333343; Calvert GM; Terrence Higgins Trust, London, U.K.; AIM: To identify any motivational factors which might influence the retention and or dropout of volunteers in a volunteer led A.S.O. METHOD: Using relevant theories of motivation as a rationale a questionnaire was designed and administered to 194 incoming volunteers. A response rate of 61% was obtained. Volunteers wer
Work settings and client interaction as predictors for burnout among AIDS health care professionals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):119 (abstract no. WS-D16-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333344; Enzmann D; Gusy B; Kleiber D; Sozialpaedagogisches Institut Berlin, FRG.; OBJECTIVES: Hitherto results from qualitative research focus on the specific situation in the field of AIDS, e.g. the helping interaction or the characteristics of clients as major causes of caregivers stress and burnout. In contrast, quantitative studies in the tradition of work psychology often come to the conclusi
Homosexually active men and the evolving global epidemic of HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):12 (abstract no. PS-08-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333345; Horton M; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva.; Early epidemiology-informed understanding of the Global pandemic of HIV/AIDS contributed to a view that homosexually active men were a high risk group in pattern I (i.e., developed) countries. In developing countries where the majority of cases of HIV infection and AIDS are attributed to heterosexual transmission, i
Structural impediments to effective HIV prevention and health promotion among I.V.D.U.'s.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):12 (abstract no. PS-08-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333346; Mordaunt J; In this speech I will try to highlight some of the social, economic and other structural impediments to effective harm reduction among I.V.D.U.s, from a drug users point of view. I will attempt to show some examples of how some state, national and international conventions are actually helping the spread of HIV among
The role of policy in effective prevention, education and care.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):12 (abstract no. PS-08-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333347; Rosenbrock R; Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fur Sozialforschung (WZB), Germany.; Given the characteristics of HIV-Infection with respect to its settings and consequences AIDS was and is an unique challenge for health policy. This is true on local, community, national and global level. Health policy is the result of bargaining processes of the actors (governments, medical and public health system,
Families affected by pediatric AIDS: sources of stress and coping.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):120 (abstract no. WS-D17-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333348; Mellins CA; Ehrhardt AA; HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NYS Psychiatric; Institute.; OBJECTIVE: The present study is one of the first to systematically explore stress and coping in inner-city, ethnically diverse families caring for an HIV-infected child. METHOD: Multiple family members (caregivers, siblings, HIV-infected children) from 25 families were administered a semi-structured interview concerni
Family support is more important than friend or partner support in reducing distress among suburban and rural gay men.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):120 (abstract no. WS-D17-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333349; Mayne T; O'Leary A; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California,; San Francisco.; OBJECTIVE: To identify correlates of social support and their impact on use of community support services in a suburban and rural population of gay men. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 109 gay men with HIV infection using support services from Hyacinth Foundation, New Jersey s largest AIDS support organization
Low distress and high life quality in HIV positives correlate with flexible coping.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):120 (abstract no. WS-D17-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333350; Leiberich P; Schumacher K; Rubbert A; Schwab J; Olbrich E; Kalden JR; Medical Clinic III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, FRG.; OBJECTIVE: Longitudinal study about burdens, life quality (LQ) and coping of HIV positives (HIV+) to find successful adaptation and adequate support. METHODS: Multimodality: inventories/interview (rating scales from 1 to 5); baseline (T1): reactions after diagnosis; follow-up (T2/T3) 0.5/1 y. later. SAMPLE: 46 HIV+ in
Predictors of failure to receive early intervention for HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):120 (abstract no. WS-D17-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333351; Hecht F; Wachter R; Heller K; Chesney M; Univ. of California, San Francisco.; PURPOSE: To determine the demographic, behavioral, and health system factors associated with failure to receive early intervention (EI) for HIV. METHODS: Patients (pt s) admitted to San Francisco General Hospital were screened to identify pt s admitted for the first time with an AIDS defining illness. Demographic info
Social support, coping, and psychological distress among persons with HIV disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):120 (abstract no. WS-D17-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333352; Crystal S; Bilder S; Merzel C; Sambamoorthi U; Inst. for Health, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ.; Correlates of depression (CES-D scale) and of anxiety (SCL-90 scale) were investigated in a demographically diverse New Jersey sample of 267 persons with HIV disease (90% AIDS, 10% other symptomatic illness). Separate analyses were conducted for gay men, injection drug users, and women. Effects of social support, symp
Stress, coping, social support & problems experienced by caregivers of HIV infected children: a comparison of HIV infected caregivers to non HIV infected caregivers.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):120 (abstract no. WS-D17-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333353; Hansell P; Hughes C; Caliandro G; Russo P; Budin W; Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ.; OBJECTIVES: To determine caregivers problems; (2) To assess caregivers stress, caregiver coping and caregiver s social support; and (3) To compare caregiver stress, caregiver coping and caregiver social support between HIV infected caregivers and non HIV infected caregivers. METHODS: A comparative survey design was u
A survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning HIV and AIDS in the adult population in urban and rural Zimbabwe (1992).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):121 (abstract no. WS-D18-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333354; Matenga E; OBJECTIVES: The principal objectives sought to review sources of information: to assess the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS: to assess whether this knowledge was preceded by changed sexual behavioural patterns and lastly to compare some of the findings using selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: This study was a
HIV risk perception to practices unique to the Muslim community; a Ugandan experience.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):121 (abstract no. WS-D18-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333355; Kagimu M; Munyagwa R; Serwadda D; Wabwire F; Marum E; Islamic Medical Association.; OBJECTIVES: To assess risk perception to practices common in the Muslim community of Uganda which place persons at risk for HIV infection, namely, polygamous marriages, unsterile circumcision, and ablution of the dead. METHODS: 12 rural and 9 trading center mosques were randomly se
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding AIDS in Nicaragua.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):121 (abstract no. WS-D18-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333356; Medrano J; Pauw J; Rivera R; Egger M; Medrano D; Smith GD; Ministry of Health Managua, Nicaragua.; OBJECTIVE: To assess KAPs regarding AIDS in different population groups in Nicaragua . METHODS: 3,034 Barrio dwellers, 451 students, 54 female sex workers, 57 male prisoners and 19 street children were interviewed. RESULTS: TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. Levels of knowledge wn
Perceptions of risk and severity, prior risk of exposure, and AIDS related behavior among adult men in the U.S.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):121 (abstract no. WS-D18-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333357; Klepinger D; Billy J; Tanfer K; Grady W; Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers, Seattle, Washington 98105.; In this paper, we provide information from a survey conducted in 1991 of a nationally representative sample of adult men in the U.S. (The National Survey of Men) concerning perceptions about the risk and severity of AIDS, prior risk behavior and how these factors are associated with each other and AIDS related behavion
The Latinas & AIDS Research Project: exploring the differences in AIDS sexual knowledge, beliefs and behaviors for Mexican, Mexican American, and white women of different sexual orientations and sexual behavior groups in Los Angeles County 1987-1992.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):121 (abstract no. WS-D18-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333358; Ramos LJ; Fischbach L; Samaniego L; Comm Health Sci Dept, School of Public Health, University of; California, Los Angeles.; The Latinas & AIDS Research Project (LARP) was developed to address the dearth of information on women s sexual behaviors which would put them at risk for AIDS. With the increasing numbers of women with HIV/AIDS, assessing the full range of women s sexual behaviors is essential in developing appropriate AIDS preven
Women protecting themselves: an intervention study to heighten monogamous women's perception of risk in light of partner behaviour.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):121 (abstract no. WS-D18-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333359; O'Neil C; Rosenbaum J; Caribbean Epidemiology Centre/CAREC, Special Program on STDs, Port of; Spain, Trinidad.; ISSUE: This intervention study set out to investigate women s perception of HIV risk when they themselves are monogamous but their partners have multiple partners. RESEARCH: A meta-analysis of national KABP surveys from several West Indian countries conducted by the WHO Caribbean Epidemiology Centre provided a regiona
AIDS information in women living with HIV/AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):122 (abstract no. WS-D19-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333360; Marquez A; Licca G; Castanada S; GIS-SIDA Mexico City, Mexico.; OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality of life of women living with HIV/AIDS throughout specific information on AIDS, drugs, safer sex and counselling. METHODS: In-depth interviews and a specific survey to get information about AIDS and STD s feedback of information through workshops. RESULTS: Women in
Counseling and HIV antibody testing with adolescents and young adults.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):122 (abstract no. WS-D19-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333361; Henderson R; Shalwitz J; Hodgins A; Special Programs for Youth, San Francisco, California.; Youth at high risk for HIV infection historically have not been educated and counseled about the option of HIV antibody testing in their lives. Providers have lacked the consciousness, training, and support to adequately address this issue in their care to young people. Most youth with high risk histories remain unscr
Counselling for HIV positive drug users: the advantages and limitations of a person-centred approach.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):122 (abstract no. WS-D19-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333362; Lockley P; Anderson C; Dept. of Education, University of Edinburgh.; This presentation will reflect on a wide range of practical issues and their theoretical implications which arise when the person-centred approach is used in working with HIV positive drug users. It is first of all argued that there are a number of distinct, advantages in using the person-centred approach, with indivi
Educating physicians for HIV-counselling. A randomized trial of home-study vs. group training.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):122 (abstract no. WS-D19-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333363; Grueninger U; Kuenzel M; Abelin T; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Bern Medical School,; Switzerland.; OBJECTIVE: To compare the impact of written information alone versus additional group training in Continuing Medical Education CME) on physicians attitudes, counselling skills and HIV-prevention activities. METHODS: 140 Swiss practicing physicians were randomized into a Home-Study Group HG (mailed a six part workbook
Establishing and evaluating an HIV counselling and testing service in Lusaka, Zambia.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):122 (abstract no. WS-D19-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333364; Baggaley R; Seth G; Mwansa C; Phiri M; Kelly M; Godfrey-Faussett P; Kara-Zambart Project, Lusaka.; OBJECTIVES: 1. To establish the first voluntary, confidential HIV counselling and testing (C&T) service in Zambia . 2. To evaluate its impact. METHODS: A voluntary, confidential C&T centre has been established in central Lusaka. Baseline qualitative interviews and demographic questi
HIV + peers as treatment counsellors.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):122 (abstract no. WS-D19-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333365; Hellard W; Community AIDS Treatment Information, Toronto, Canada.; Peer counselling is a recognized means of reaching people by using their peers. The Community AIDS Treatment Exchange (CATIE) as a result of their Treatment Needs Assessment conducted in 1991 found that people infected with HIV preferred to obtain their treatment information from their peers. They felt the informatio
Argentina: "AIDS urgence". The participation of community institutions in the redefinition of health policies.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):123 (abstract no. WS-D20-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333366; Burgos A; Girotti C; Revsin N; Puigdefabregas A; PROBLEM: Both public and private health systems prevent AIDS prevention and assistance. Official policies, the present assistentialist health scheme, labour conditions for health professionals, prejudices, impeach the implementation of efficient measures. HYPOTHESIS: The development of social network, integrating the
HIV/AIDS and public health practice in Canada.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):123 (abstract no. WS-D20-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333367; de Burger R; AIDS Education and Awareness Program, Canadian Public Health; Association, Ottawa.; In many jurisdictions the HIV/AIDS pandemic has created considerable tensions between public health professionals and community activists. The many complex medical, social, legal and personal issues that confront public health professionals forced them to re-evaluate current policies and practices. The Canadian Public
Problems of a community HIV resource center in Russia.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):123 (abstract no. WS-D20-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333368; Gardner KJ; Savelyeva MV; Savelyeva IV; Altschuler S; Int'l Center for Better Health (ICBH), Moscow, Russia.; OBJECTIVE: To collaborate with several Russian, non-governmental AIDS organizations to create the first community HIV/AIDS/STD resource center in Moscow. METHOD: ICBH in Moscow conducted needs assessments with AIDS workers and activists, organized a series of training symposia, and promoted the development of non-gove
Structural adjustment: what effect on health? On vulnerability to HIV infection?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):123 (abstract no. WS-D20-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333369; Elmendorf AE; Roseberry WL; World Bank, Washington D.C.; Structural adjustment reforms (SARs) are designed to increase efficiency in the use of resources by changing the structure of a country s economy. They are expected to lead to higher long term economic growth and thereby to facilitate increases in welfare. However, they have been criticized for allegedly hurting pover
The non-compliant health care system: developing a system for TB prevention and care in New York City.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):123 (abstract no. WS-D20-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333370; Mahon N; Jones M; McGovern T; Shapiro L; Shubert V; Elovich R; Robinson C; Isbell M; Jacobs S; Williams B; ISSUE: The burden of the recent resurgence of TB in New York City has fallen overwhelmingly on populations that hve been tragically underserved by the City health care system, namely people of color, homeless people, addicts and alcoholics, prisoners and parolees, and others living in poverty. Members of these groups
The AIDS-patient and HIV-infected from the point of view of the Federal Insurance Institute for Salaried Employees (BfA).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):123 (abstract no. WS-D20-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333371; Wille G; Kertzendorff KW; BfA, Berlin, Germany.; The BfA takes special care in dealing with these patients who are under extreme physical and psychosocial stress. This report describes longterm experience both in the fields of medical and occupational rehabilitation and with respect to the processing of pension claims The possibilities and limitation for rehabilitat
"Reproductive rights in the AIDS era".: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):124 (abstract no. WS-D21-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333372; The right to decide when and how to reproduce are essential basic human rights for women and men. That means not only the possibility to have children but also to decide not to have them. These rights are not everywhere accepted or recognized in order to allow individual or personal decisions as the women s right to h
Ethical dilemmas in care for HIV-infected persons among French GPs.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):124 (abstract no. WS-D21-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333373; Morin M; Obudia Y; Souville M; Galais H; Gamby T; Mostii JP; Lab of Social Psychology, Aix en Provence.; Because it is a transmissible disease, care for HIV infected persons tends to exacerbate ethical dilemmas in medical practice. We have tried to document these aspects in a survey among a sample of GPs in Marseille (South Eastern France ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One third of all GPs i
On the legal persecution for homosexuality and its social consequences in the former USSR and present Russia.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):124 (abstract no. WS-D21-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333374; Scherbakov SP; Voluntary Charity Society for Support of a National AIDS Programme WE; and YOU, Russia.; The implementation of anti-gay legislation shows that all homosexual activities could be punished by law. A list of 7 articles of the Russian Penal Code is cited, the concrete secret instructions of Health Ministry and Police Headquarters are used. The police pink lists on homosexuals are analysed in conjunction with
Partner notification in Lusaka, Zambia.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):124 (abstract no. WS-D21-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333375; Faxelid E; Krantz I; Dept. of International Health Care Research (IHCAR), Stockholm.; Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) and their consequences constitute a major health problem in Zambia . Partner notification p.n.) with the purpose of breaking the chain of transmission and prevent complications in the index patient as well as in the sexual partners, is part of th
The problem of futility and care for AIDS-patients. A European perspective.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):124 (abstract no. WS-D21-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333376; Sahm SW; Dancygier H; Second Department of Medicine, Stadtische Kliniken Offenbach, J.W.; Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.; Physicians are not obliged to offer futile treatment. The term futility itself has prompted major concern in the literature on ethics in medicine. Its meaning has been questioned recently. Since AIDS patients often are well educated and well informed about their disease, there may be a quarrel about who has to decide
The HIV infected individual who puts others at unreasonable risk. The HIV Case Management Cttee.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):124 (abstract no. WS-D21-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333377; Watson C; Philp A; Percy F; Hamilton M; Health Dept of Western Australia, Perth.; Faced with a strong allegation, self disclosure or other confirmatory evidence of an HIV infected individual putting others at unacceptable risk, a health department official (and indeed any doctor or health professional) has a serious responsibility to act appropriately to protect the public. These cases are rare, bu
An ethnographic approach to a cross cultural understanding of homosexual men's sexual attitudes and behaviour.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):125 (abstract no. WS-D22-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333378; Lyons CM; Savage BJ; School of Healthcare, Liverpool John Moores University, England.; This study focused on the sexual attitudes and behaviours of homosexual men in London, Dublin, Athens, Paris and Brussels and has repercussions in relation to transmission of HIV infection. The researchers carried out semi-structured interviews from an opportunistic sample of homosexual men from a cross section of gay
Empowering women to stop AIDS: lessons from Cote d"Ivoire and Uganda.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):125 (abstract no. WS-D22-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333379; Patten W; Ward A; Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, Harvard University.; OBJECTIVE: To analyze current legal regimes, both customary and formal, of two African countries particularly affected by HIV Cote d Ivoire and Uganda ) in order to identify specific violations of women s rights. To assess the impact of thes
HIV/AIDS related discrimination.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):125 (abstract no. WS-D22-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333380; Tillett G; Centre for Conflict Resolution, Macquarie University, Sydney,; Australia.; Discrimination against people who have or are assumed to have HIV/AIDS remains a major problem. A sample of 500 cases has been analyzed to identify key factors (psychological, social, cultural and organizational) which underlie such discrimination. The effectiveness of a range of strategies in reducing or responding t
Institutional HIV/AIDS policy and human rights.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):125 (abstract no. WS-D22-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333381; Mutembei IB; Medical Aid Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; OBJECTIVES: To examine whether right to life, right to freedom from unprotected violence and arbitrary coercion, right to be respected as human beings are granted to HIV/AIDS infected persons. METHODS: 520 HIV/AIDS suspects were interviewed on matters pertaining to religious marriage processes, assurance of employment
National AIDS program response to human rights violations of PWA's: the Mexican experience.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):125 (abstract no. WS-D22-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333382; Panebianco S; Uribe P; del Rio C; Hernandez G; Rico B; Sepulveda J; Conasida Mexico.; INTRODUCTION: In Mexico CONASIDA has initiated a strategy to promote respect of human rights of PWA s and responding to their needs once violations have occurred. OBJECTIVES: To coordinate efforts with other public institutions and NGO s to avoid discrimination. To make the public
Economic impact of pediatric HIV inpatient care in a tertiary centre.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):126 (abstract no. WS-D23-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333384; Allen U; Mukwaya G; MacDonald N; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario,; Ottawa, Canada.; It has been suggested that the economic impact of Pediatric HIV infection in developed countries may be as costly or more costly to society than adult HIV infection. An evaluation of inpatient services utilized by pediatric AIDS patients was conducted from a societal perspective in order to examine the resultant econo
Hospital care cost analysis of ARC/AIDS patients, Thailand.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):126 (abstract no. WS-D23-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333385; Kongsin S; Rerks-ngarm S; Suebsaeng L; Tangcharoensathien V; Division of AIDS, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.; OBJECTIVE: To determine the hospital care and external cost of AIDS related complex (ARC) and AIDS patients in Thailand by analysing cost components including 1) routine service cost (RSC) or labour and operating cost, 2) medical care cost (MCC) or cost for laboratory test, procee
HIV & U.S. health care reform.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):126 (abstract no. WS-D23-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333386; Isbell M; Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, New York, N.Y.; OBJECTIVES: To identify principles for health care reform in the U.S. on the basis of the experience of persons living with HIV. METHODS: Health care financing trends for HIV care were identified through extensive review of available data, economic analyses, and reported legal decisions. CONCLUSIONS: Experience duringe
Projecting the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Malawi.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):126 (abstract no. WS-D23-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333387; Forsythe S; Namanja G; Sokal D; King T; Delay P; AIDSCAP/FHI, Arlington, VA.; OBJECTIVE: To estimate and project the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Malawi s overall economy, specific economic sectors, and health care institutions. METHODS: The age & gender of HIV infected persons were compared to labor force participation, unemployment, life expectancy and income estimates to determine
The impact of AIDS on health care utilization and expenditure by the fatally ill in northwest Tanzania.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):126 (abstract no. WS-D23-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333388; Mujinja P; Over M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; In the first wave of a longitudinal survey of households in northwest Tanzania , household members reported on the health care utilization and expenditure by recently deceased household members and relatives. Of the 258 household members who died in the last 12 months, 200 (77%) w
"zuhause im Kiez" (ziK)--the biggest scattered side housing program in Germany for people with HIV and AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):127 (abstract no. WS-D24-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333390; Thomes C; ziK gGmbH, Berlin, Germany.; 1. The relation of AIDS and homelessness in Berlin. 2. The ziK project as an example for helping homeless people with HIV and AIDS. 3. The unique work of ziK. The project as an example of harm reduction. The integration of homeless people with HIV and AIDS in the neighbourhoods. The psychosocial concept of ziK. The pa
Estimating the cost of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies in developing countries.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):127 (abstract no. WS-D24-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333391; Soderlund N; Davis J; Schopper D; Broomberg J; Mills A; Global Programme on AIDS, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.; OBJECTIVES: To determine the cost of implementing a minimal package of HIV/AIDS prevention measures in all developing countries. METHODS: A convenience sample of case studies, representing six broad HIV prevention strategies in each of four income groupings was sought on the basis of availability of data evidence of e
Involving traditional healers in the AIDS campaign: is true partnership possible?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):127 (abstract no. WS-D24-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333392; Boadu SO; WHO/GPA, NACP, Windhoek, Namibia.; In the developing countries, traditional healers play a critical role in case management. Additionally, their sheer numerical strength and the fact that they are widely spread over the hinterlands, make them an important ally in the national AIDS campaign. But is true partnership possible? On one hand, the traditional
Outreach strategies as a framework for clinical trials.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):127 (abstract no. WS-D24-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333393; Luna M; Palacios M; Garcia ML; Valdespino JL; Weissenbacher M; Daniels E; Peruga A; Navarro S; Martinez J; Salame E; et al; National Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, Mexico.; INTRODUCTION: AIDS epidemic in Mexico has extended to young people belonging to lower socioeconomic strata who don t attend HIV detection centers. With the purpose of recruiting this group into clinical trials, a mobile unit was established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a
Providing HIV care services to disenfranchised populations.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):127 (abstract no. WS-D24-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333394; Fernandez ES; Milon P; Holloway J; Gaston M; O'Neill J; Lago M; Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland.; OBJECTIVE: To gain access to HIV prevention and care services for underserved, underinsured, high-risk populations, by building the capacity of community based organizations to provide HIV early intervention services. METHODS: Title III(b) of the Ryan White CARE Act provides funds to support HIV early intervention pro
The behavioral context of STD/HIV risk in a Central African town.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):127 (abstract no. WS-D24-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333395; Lansky AL; Biampeng M; Doutizonga R; Samba A; Nzoumbou E; Akoumbangba E; Centers for Disease Controls, Atlanta, GA.; Behavior change is an integral component of STD/HIV prevention and control. In order to effect behavior change, it is necessary to identify risky behaviors, the social and environmental contexts in which they occur, and underlying attitudes and beliefs. OBJECTIVE: To assess STD-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, a
Agreement between adolescent and young adult sex partners reporting HIV risk behaviors within their relationship.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):128 (abstract no. WS-D25-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333396; Miller KS; Bartholow B; Schoenbaum E; Webber M; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA.; OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which adolescent and young adult couples agree in their reports of sex, condom use, and drug use behaviors. METHODS: Data was collected from 53 heterosexual partners (female index
Bisexuals (UN) identity and HIV spread in Portugal.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):128 (abstract no. WS-D25-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333397; Mourao MV; Teles LC; Universidade de Coimbra, Fac. Economia, Lisboa, Portugal.; 1. Epidemiological Portuguese data reveals that the incidence among Heterosexuals is 30% of all AIDS cases 1992. 2. This figure is 4 times highest that the average for the European Model of AIDS. OBJECTIVES: To identify patterns of (Bi) sexual behavior and HIV strategies among Portuguese men. METHODS: Qualitative appr
Patterns of sexual behaviour in the developing world: results of a multisite WHO/GPA coordinated survey.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):128 (abstract no. WS-D25-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333398; Carael M; Ferry B; Deheneffe JC; World Health Organization, Global Programme on AIDS, Geneva,; Switzerland.; INTRODUCTION: A greater understanding of sexual behaviour in different sociocultural contexts has important consequences for the design and evaluation of educational efforts in AIDS prevention. As a recognition of this, and since 1989, GPA/WHO has sponsored national surveys of sexual behaviours in more than 20 develop
Sex and society in Papua New Guinea.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):128 (abstract no. WS-D25-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333399; Jenkins C; PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.; In Papua New Guinea , as elsewhere, sexual behavior is patterned by age, gender and culture. The material presented is drawn from a national ethnographic study covering 40 language groups in communities selected to represent rural an
Sexual networks in The Netherlands; the impact of selective partner choice on the spread of HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):128 (abstract no. WS-D25-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333400; Brouwers HG; Reinking DP; Kretzschmar M; Jager JC; van Zessen GJ; Netherlands Institute of Social Sexological Research, Utrecht.; OBJECTIVES: (1) Application of survey data in sexual network models; (2) Exploration of the impact of selective partner choice on the spread of HIV. DATA AND METHODS: Input data and baseline assumptions for network simulation are derived from representative nationwide sexological surveys in the
Young Mauritian women working in the industrial sector and their AIDS-related risk behaviour.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):128 (abstract no. WS-D25-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333401; Oodit G; Schensul SL; Schensul JJ; Bhowon U; Mauritius Family Planning Association.; Over the past two decades, there has been a rapid increase in industrial, export processing zones (EPZs) in developing countries. In most countries, eighty percent of the workers in these zones are women, and the great majority of these women are young and never married. Reports from many regions indicate that these
A survey of orphaned children in Kibera Urban Slum, Nairobi.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):129 (abstract no. WS-D26-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333402; Nduati RW; Muita JW; Olenja J; Muiva E; Muthani N; Manguyu F; OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, causes and outcome of orphanhood in Kibera urban slum in Nairobi. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 684 households. SAMPLING: Cluster sampling within the nine villages comprising the slum. RESULTS: Mean household age 4.86 and 55% of the population is under 18 year
Children in developing countries--children in distress.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):129 (abstract no. WS-D26-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333403; Mataka EN; AIDS is becoming a leading cause of death between the ages of 19-45 years in developing countries leaving young children vulnerable and placing unprecedented demands on the traditional kinship coping mechanisms. THE PROJECT/RESPONSES: An enumeration and needs assessment survey done in Matero East--a high density part
Cultural aspects of adult fatal illness from AIDS and other causes: funeral costs, child fostering, inter-household transfers.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):129 (abstract no. WS-D26-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333404; Lwihula G; Over M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; In a cross-section survey of 843 households in northwestern Tanzania , households experienced 1089 deaths in the last 12 months, of which 258 were household members and the rest were relatives of household members residing outside the household. For household members, households r
Orphans sexual behavior in Masaka Diocese, Uganda.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):129 (abstract no. WS-D26-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333405; Sharpe U; Ssentongo R; Ssenyonga A; Ssamula B; Mobile AIDS Home Care/Orphans Program, Kitovu Hospital, Masaka,; Uganda.; ISSUES ADDRESSED: To what extent are orphans engaged in sexual activities and why? Is it possible to influence sexual behaviors in orphans? PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Uganda has many orphans due to war and AIDS. There are an estimated 161,000 orphans (children
The impact of adult deaths from AIDS and other causes on the nutritional status of children in northwestern Tanzania.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):129 (abstract no. WS-D26-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333406; Semali I; Ainsworth M; University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; This paper presents the relation between adult deaths and child weight and height, among children under five from the first wave of a longitudinal household survey in NW Tanzania . Child nutritional status can be affected through two channels--contraction of HIV from the mother, a
Trend in assisting future orphans programs.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):129 (abstract no. WS-D26-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333407; PURPOSE: Ten countries of Eastern and Central Africa are decimated by AIDS. One of the tragic results of the epidemic on families and society at large are orphans who are multiplying daily by droves as their youthful parents succumb to the epidemic. TABULAR DATA, SEE ABSTRACT VOLUME. Old folks of the traditional exten
Be here for the cure: an early HIV intervention campaign.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):130 (abstract no. WS-D27-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333408; Hayes B; Pappas L; San Francisco AIDS Foundation, California.; Development, coordination, and evaluation of early intervention campaigns are the subjects of this presentation. The discussion focuses on the multi-city Be Here for the Cure campaign, which was created by the San Francisco AIDS Foundation with the assistance of HIV-positive women and men. The campaign was presented
Developing AIDS awareness through street drama in Nepal.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):130 (abstract no. WS-D27-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333409; Gurubacharya VL; Suvedi BK; AIDS Prevention & Control Project, Kathmandu, Nepal.; OBJECTIVE: To search for an alternative method for developing mass awareness on AIDS in a country where the literacy rate is very low, the people have very limited access to the mass media and has difficult terrain. METHOD: A national street drama group Sarbanam was invited to stage a drama about the mode of transmis
Mass media, alternative communication and social anthropology; working together to mobilize public opinion to fight AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):130 (abstract no. WS-D27-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333410; Rodriguez L; Ortega G; PATH seconded to AIDSCAP Project/Family Health International,; Arlington, VA.; OBJECTIVE: To increase the positive impact of massive AIDS prevention campaigns through strategies that combine massive impact on public opinion and work with key sectors and decision makers of the community. A concrete case carried out in
Role of the media in fostering community commitment on the use of condoms to prevent the spread of AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):130 (abstract no. WS-D27-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333411; Ikpeme O; Akonjom E; Efa A; Cross River Radio, Nigeria.; OBJECTIVE: To enlighten the general population (urban and rural) on the use of condoms. METHOD: During the last World AIDS Day celebration, an outreach campaign tour was taken by members of the Society Against the Spread of AIDS (SASA). SASA comprises of men working in print/electronic Media, had an interpersonal coun
Six years of promotion of condom use in the framework of the National Stop AIDS Campaign: experiences and results in Switzerland.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):130 (abstract no. WS-D27-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333412; Wasserfallen F; Stutz ST; Summermatter D; Hausermann M; Dubois-Arber F; Federal Office of Public Health, Bern.; INITIAL PURPOSE: Prevent new HIV infections amidst the sexually active population in Switzerland through the promotion of condom use. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: Since 1987, the promotion of condom use is carried out via the multimedia STOP AIDS campaign posters, advertisement
The increasing risk of HIV infection in Mexican migrants going to the US: a TV soap-opera based on research data.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):130 (abstract no. WS-D27-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333413; Bronfman M; Gonzalez M; Palma R; Rico B; del Rio C; El Colegio de Mexico.; INTRODUCTION: In Mexico , 10% of AIDS cases have lived in the US. in states with high migration rates this figure can increase to > 30%. In the US hispanics are over represented in AIDS statistics. This problem has received media coverage. Mexico, concerned about the potential impaci
Assessing the world's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):131 (abstract no. WS-D28-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333414; Tarantola D; Mann J; O'Malley J; Global AIDS Policy Coalition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,; MA.; OBJECTIVE: To assess the vulnerability of nations in the world to HIV/AIDS. METHOD: National (collective) vulnerability to future spread of HIV can be pragmatically assessed by considering (1) the individual factors which influence the risk of acquiring HIV infection or of being deprived from adequate care and supporti
AIDS hot-lines: an alternative evaluation tool for the social response to AIDS interventions in developing countries.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):131 (abstract no. WS-D28-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333415; Carrillo E; Tovar M; Rios F; Rico B; del Rio C; CONASIDA, Mexico.; OBJECTIVE: To develop an economic and efficient evaluation tool for educational interventions, and particularly to measure the impact of mass-media campaigns. BACKGROUND AND METHODS: CONASIDA s AIDS-Hot line (TELSIDA) has been working since 1987 and has been gradually improved from a manual to a computerized system, ti
Doing social research that meets the needs of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA/HIVS).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):131 (abstract no. WS-D28-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333416; Smith GW; Mykhalovskiy E; Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto.; In this presentation we advance a new research practice for doing social science. Most AIDS research, whether quantitative or qualitative, is organized and directed by governments, universities, and professional researchers. The questions addressed are those relevant to these institutional sites. They are formulated ii
Establishing a framework for inter-disciplinary research in HIV/AIDS: entering the community.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):131 (abstract no. WS-D28-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333417; Ahlberg BM; Kimani VN; Krantz I; Kirumbi LW; Persson G; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.; Multi-disciplinary health research has in practice meant that research problems are defined by biomedical disciplines. Social scientists are invited to operate within the biomedical paradigm. AIDS research in Africa has been dominated by the biomedical paradigm. Biomedical research has established an infectious etioloi
How to evaluate behavioural change: results and implications of two fieldtests.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):131 (abstract no. WS-D28-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333418; Burton T; Carael M; Mertens T; WHO/GPA, Geneva, Switzerland.; INTRODUCTION: In recognizing the importance of evaluation for optimizing the current preventive programmes, GPA/WHO has developed a set of priority prevention indicators to assess the progress of HIV prevention activities. One key area is the monitoring of the knowledge of preventive practices and behavioural change. i
Integrated AIDS management concept transfer. A two year review of programme design through field based technical assistance.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):131 (abstract no. WS-D28-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333419; Campbell ID; Rader AD; Bodwell S; Malama-Kean M; Salvation Army International Headquarters, London, UK.; INTRODUCTION/PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: As the rate of virus transmission outstrips capacity for field programme response, it is becoming increasingly important to define tools for catalysing new, effective field programme responses. Field based technical assistance may be one answer that is cost effective. This has been tri
Assessment of STD case management: results of three fieldtests.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):132 (abstract no. WS-D29-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333420; Mertens T; Burton T; Carael M; WHO/GPA, Geneva, Switzerland.; INTRODUCTION: GPA/WHO has developed a core set of global indicators to assess the progress of HIV prevention activities and methodologies to measure them. One key area is the monitoring of the extent to which STD control is being realized. METHODS: A draft protocol of a Health Facility Survey to assess appropriatenessi
Condom use reported by STD clinic patients: 1971 & 1992.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):132 (abstract no. WS-D29-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333421; Darrow W; Harris B; Schaffner A; Marx R; Pittman E; Jonah C; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.; We assessed patterns of condom use reported by STD clinic patients 10 years before and 10 years after AIDS was recognized in 1981. Consecutively admitted patients at an STD clinic in Sacramento County (1970 pop. 631,498), California, were invited in 1971 to complete self-administered questionnaires (SAQs); that clinici
Effectiveness of condom promotion in Lusaka.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):132 (abstract no. WS-D29-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333422; Ebrahim S; Hira SK; Chinikima K; National STD Cont. Prog/Univ. Teaching Hosp., Lusak.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of condom (CON) in reducing STD episodes, to evaluate the impact of CON promotion in Lusaka among STD clients. METHODS: 500 consecutive STD patients PT) at the OPD followed up for 6 months with CON intervention. RESULTS: M(ale):F(emale) is 3:1.40% M & 50% F married. PT acqui
Evaluation of a partner notification system for sexually transmitted disease control.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):132 (abstract no. WS-D29-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333423; Namssenmo A; Simone F; Lansky A; Moran J; Stern R; Somse P; Bambari Regional Hospital, Central African Republic.; Partner notification is one of the few practical means for identifying and treating persons with asymptomatic STD in areas where screening tests are unavailable. Early diagnosis and treatment of STD can be an effective means of reducing HIV transmission. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a pa
Sexual behaviour profile of women with STD.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):132 (abstract no. WS-D29-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333424; Kallings I; Brihmer C; Sikstrom B; M~ardh PA; Natl Bact Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.; BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genital infections in young Swedish women have a high incidence with 2,060 cases per 100,000 women 20-24 years old in 1991 despite the fact that the total number of reported Ct infection has decreased during recent and that gonorrhoea and syphilis has been virtually eradicated as
STD partner notification and referral in primary health care clinics, Nairobi, Kenya.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):132 (abstract no. WS-D29-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333425; Njeru EK; Ngugi EN; Moses S; Eldridge G; Plummer F; University of Nairobi, Kenya.; INTRODUCTION: In trying to control the AIDS epidemic, management of STDs is especially important. Sexual partners of STD patients need special attention in order to accomplish this. OBJECTIVE: To establish baseline characteristics of STD clients partners and identify intervention measures that would increase the refe
A model of the CD4-binding domain of gp120.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):135 (abstract no. PO-A01-0001). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333426; Brinkworth RI; Ramsdale TE; Palant E; Centre for Drug Design & Development, University of Queensland,; Australia.; The majority of the CD4-binding residues in HIV-1 gp120 are to be found in the region Ser364-Asp457. This corresponds to domain V of gp120, delineated by the disulfide bond, Cys378-Cys445, and which contains the C3, V4 and C4 regions. A search of the NBRF protein sequence database was carried out for proteins which ex
Characterization of a trypsin-resistant HIV-1 receptor related to galactosyl ceramide in CD4-negative human colon epithelial cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):135 (abstract no. PO-A01-0006). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333427; Yahi N; Fantini J; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de la Timone, Marseille, France.; OBJECTIVE: The gastrointestinal tract represents an important route of transmission for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition, diarrhea and malabsorption, which are frequently observed in AIDS patients, may be due, at least in part, to the infection of intestinal epithelial cells by HIV. In vitro, the in
HIV-1 infection of colonic epithelial cell lines is associated with cell surface expression of galactosyl ceramide (GalCer).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):135 (abstract no. PO-A01-0004). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333428; Fantini J; Cook DG; Nathanson N; Spitalnik SL; Gonzalez-Scarano F; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia.; The gastrointestinal tract is a potential route for viral entry in HIV-1 infection, and both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated HIV infection of epithelial cells of GI origin. HT29, an HIV-infectable human colonic epithelial cell line, does not express CD4 protein or mRNA. Recent studies demonstrated that
Replication of a macrophage-tropic strain of HIV-1 in CEMx174 suggests that cellular accessory molecules are required for HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):135 (abstract no. PO-A01-0003). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333429; Stefano K; Collman R; Kolson D; Hoxie J; Nathanson N; Gonzalez-Scarano F; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia.; To investigate the mechanism underlying one aspect of the cellular tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1), we used a macrophage tropic isolate, 89.6, that can replicate well in a T-cell/B-cell hybrid line, CEMx174. This isolate does not replicate in either of the hybrid s parental cells, which include
Vimentin is recognized by a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody prepared against the HIV-neutralizing, V3 specific monoclonal antibody 110.4.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):135 (abstract no. PO-A01-0002). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333431; Thomas EK; Connelly R; Kahn M; Smithgall M; Hellstrom KE; Hellstrom I; Haffar O; Bristol Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle, Wa; 98121.; Antibodies 110.3,4,5 and 6 bind the third hypervariable (V3) domain of the LAI isolate, inhibit syncytia formation, neutralize cell-free virus, yet do not inhibit soluble gp 120 binding to its major receptor CD4. In fact, gp 120 bound to CD4 assumes novel configurations where exposure of the V3 domain to antibodies su
Activation of PBMN cells increases their susceptibility to infection by HIV-1 and upregulates a cell surface receptor for the anti-HIV-1 compound dextrin-2-sulphate.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):136 (abstract no. PO-A01-0007). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333432; Payvandi N; Gooderham NJ; Edwards RJ; Davies DS; Shaunak S; Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Postgraduate Medical School,; London, UK.; INTRODUCTION: Dextrin-2-sulphate (D2S) is a synthetic derivative of dextrin. It blocks infection of human T cell lines by HIV-1 cell free isolates with an IC95 of 230 nM. 3H-D2S binds to CD4 positive T-cell lines in a specific and saturable manner with a Kd of 256 nM and a Bmax of 22 +/- 3 pmol/10(6) cells. We have st
Cell surface heparan sulfate interacts with the V3 region on gp120/41 oligomers to mediate HIV-1 binding and infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):136 (abstract no. PO-A01-0009). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333433; Norcross MA; Roderiquez G; Yanagishita M; Bou-Habib D; Patel M; Oravecz T; CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland.; The functional role of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans in HIV infection of CD4+ T-cell lines was investigated. Cell surface HS was required during early binding and entry steps of HIV-1 (IIIB) infection of a clone of H9 T cells. Virus binding experiments showed that a major fraction of cell bound virus required bot
Definition of two adjacent regions within HIV-1 gp41 important in cell entry.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):136 (abstract no. PO-A01-0012). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333434; Jennings R; Erturk M; Fishleigh RV; Watret KC; Kinghorn G; Robson B; Dept of Expt & Clin Microbiology, Univ of Sheffield, UK.; OBJECTIVE: To define regions of HIV-1 gp41 extracellular protein important in virus entry into CD4+ cells. METHODS: Using advanced computer-aided technology we designed 5 peptide analogues (p280, 284, 285, 286, 279) predicted to be important immunological epitopes of HIV-1 gp41. Antisera, to each peptide, were raised
N-linked oligosaccharides of simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins are dispensable for the interaction with the CD4 receptor.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):136 (abstract no. PO-A01-0010). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333435; Benjouad A; Babas T; Montagnier L; Bahraoui E; CNRS URA 1463, CERVI, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.; Interactions of HIVs and SIV with the CD4 receptor are mediated by their envelope glycoproteins. In contrast to others groups, we have previously shown, that N-linked glycans of HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope glycoproteins do not play a major role in the gp-CD4 interaction. In order to clarify these inconsistencies, we inve
Positively charged clasters within the PND and gp120 C-terminus of HIV envelope bind to negatively charged sulfated polysaccharides and CD4 (CDR3)-derived peptide.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):136 (abstract no. PO-A01-0011). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333436; Meshcheryakova D; Andreev S; Tarasova S; Kornilaeva G; Karamov E; Khaitov R; Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia.; The mechanism of antiviral activity of the CD4-derived peptide 75-99 from CDR3 region was compared with that of sulfated polysaccharides. A set of peptides representing all high positive charge density regions of gp120 and gp41 was used in ELISA and syncytium formation assay to determine whether electrostatic binding
Synergy between sub-inhibitory concentrations of sCD4 and histone H2B in blocking HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):136 (abstract no. PO-A01-0008). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333437; Shaunak S; Javan CM; Edwards RJ; Gooderham NJ; Davies DS; Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Postgraduate Medical School,; London, UK.; INTRODUCTION: Dextrin-2-sulphate (D2S) blocks infection by HIV-1 of human T cell lines. In ligand-blot experiments, we have shown that 3H-D2S binds to a cell surface protein which resembles histone H2B. The aim of this study was to determine whether histone H2B can block infection of CD4+ cells by HIV-1. METHODS: The
A virus-free assay of HIV-1-induced cell fusion for analysis of synergy between CD4-based molecules and antibodies to the V3 loop of gp120 or to gp41.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):137 (abstract no. PO-A01-0017). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333438; Allaway GP; Ryder AM; Beaudry GA; Maddon PJ; Progenics Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York.; CD4-based molecules were tested in combination with neutralizing antibodies to gp120 or gp41 for inhibition of HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell fusion. A virus-free cell fusion assay was developed using Chinese Hamster Ovary cells which stably express HIV-1LAI gp120/gp41. These cells were incubated with dilutions of CD4-b
Activation of latent HIV by spermatozoa.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):137 (abstract no. PO-A01-0013). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333439; Scofield VL; Lee MH; Dept. of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance.; We have shown that HIV DNA is present in sperm from infected men Scofield, J. NIH Res. 4:104, 1992; Scofield, Poiesz, Diagne et al., submitted), and that sperm interact with somatic cells through HLA class II receptors (Ashida and Scofield, PNAS 84:3395, 1987; Scofield et al., J. Immunol. 148:1718, 1992). Together t
Complement receptor type 2 mediates infection of B lymphoblastoid cells by complement opsonized HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):137 (abstract no. PO-A01-0014). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333440; Boyer V; Delibrias C; Desgranges C; Fischer E; Kazatchkine MD; INSERM U271, Lyon, France.; The interaction between complement receptors and C3 fragments on opsonized HIV has been shown to mediate and enhance infection of human T lymphocytes and monocytes. In the present study, we have observed that opsonization of viral particles of the HIV-1 IIIB and HIV-1 RF strains with complement by incubating the virus
Complement receptors CR1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18) mediate infection of monocytes by complement-opsonized HIV independently of CD4.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):137 (abstract no. PO-A01-0015). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333441; Thieblemont N; Haeffner-Cavaillon N; Ledur A; L'Age Stehr J; Ziegler Heitbrock HS; Kazatchkine MD; INSERM U28, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.; We have investigated the role of complement receptors CR1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18) in mediating productive infection by complement-opsonized HIV of normal peripheral blood monocytes in culture, of the CD4+ promonocytic cell line THP-1 and of the CD4- monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 and glial cell line U251-MG. Cells
New ligand receptor interaction between gp120 HIV and cellular receptor CD2.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):137 (abstract no. PO-A01-0018). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333442; Blinov V; Denisov S; Resenchuk S; Karamov E; Zverev V; Inst. Molec. Biol., Koltsovo, Russia.; Several adhesion molecules are used as a receptors for the viruses. HRV, HIV and EBV bind to the region of their receptors in the way similar to the cell adhesion counter-receptor. HRV and LFA-1 bind to the first domain of ICAM-1, HIV and MHC type II molecules interact with similar regions in CD4, EBV and C3d interact
Photodynamic inactivation and kinetics of membrane fusion mediated by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):137 (abstract no. PO-A01-0016). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333443; Blumenthal R; Dimitrov DS; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.; The kinetics of fusion of cells expressing gp120-gp41 with CD4+ target cells was continuously monitored by image enhanced Nomarski differential interference contrast optics. The analysis of the video tape recordings showed several characteristic features of the gp120-gp41-mediated cell fusion: (i) cells made contact r
A general model for the surface glycoproteins of HIV and other retroviruses.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):138 (abstract no. PO-A01-0023). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333444; Gallaher WR; Ball JM; Garry RF; Martin AM; Montelaro RC; Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State; Univ. Med. Ctr., New Orleans.; A hypothetical model of the surface (SU) glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other retroviruses is proposed. The model is based on repetition of a limited number of sequence motifs conserved within the virus family, similarities in biological, immunological or genetic properties, as well as the ten
HIV1 envelope V3 loop mimics scorpion and spider neurotoxins, whose receptor, the Na+ sodium channel, is the target of tacrine THA,tetrahydroaminoacridine).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):138 (abstract no. PO-A01-0022. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333445; Tran KK; Frrdg G; Maurisson G; Univ. Paris, France.; We try to elucidate the anti-HIV mechanism of THA, a drug superior to AZT in clinical trials, which inhibited HIV1 syncytium in cell cultures, protected OEM cells, neutralized gp120 neurotoxicity in rats and interacted with Na+ channel in voltage-clam
Inhibition of HIV entry in cells by poly(A).poly(U).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):138 (abstract no. PO-A01-0019). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333446; Callebaut C; Krust B; Hovanessian AG; Unite de Virologie et Immunologie Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris,; France.; Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid referred to as poly(A).poly(U) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA which has been shown to manifest both antitumoral and immunomodulatory activities. Previously, we have reported that poly(A).poly(U) inhibits considerably HIV infection in cell cultures. This inhibition can be observed in
Involvement of the D2 domain of CD4 in HIV entry.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):138 (abstract no. PO-A01-0020). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333447; Godfrey B; Wernicke-Jameson D; McDonnell J; Jameson B; Jefferson Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia,; PA.; Peptide analogs from the CDR3 lateral face of the D1/D2 domains of CD4 were rationally designed using computer-assisted molecular modeling procedures. Covalent restraints were imposed on synthetic analogs in order to force a conformational mimicry of surface exposed regions of the native protein. Using this approach,
Synthetic peptides derived from the principal neutralizing domain modulate HIV-1 infectivity.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):138 (abstract no. PO-A01-0024). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333448; Dettin M; De Rossi A; Roncon R; Scarinci C; Tormene S; Inst. of Ind. Chemistry, Univ. of Padua, Italy.; It was demonstrated (J. Virol., 184, 187-196, 1991) that a 23mer peptide, patterned on the PND of the HIV-1 MN strain, was able to enhance viral infectivity in in vitro experiments. To study the minimum active sequence and the biological importance of single or groups of residues we synthetized analogues of full and
AIDS: is it a big problem for Eurasia?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):139 (abstract no. PO-A02-0028). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333450; Rumyantsev SN; Vaccines and Sera Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.; One million people was predicted to be infected with HIV by 1991 in the USSR. In fact, this number proved to be 1000 times less. The ill-omened prediction also failed in most other countries of Europe and Asia. On the contrary, in sub-Saharan Africa and in some parts of America there are hundreds of thousands of human
Cosalane, a novel anti-HIV compound.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):139 (abstract no. PO-A01-0027). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333451; Bader JP; Cushman M; Golebiewski M; Haugwitz R; McMahon JB; Weislow OS; Buckheit RW; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.; Cosalane was synthesized as part of a congener development effort addressed to the anti-HIV activity of aurintricarboxylic acid ATA). Cosalane at low concentrations (EC50 3 microM) protects T-cells from HIV killing, and inhibits the reproduction of HIV in these cells and in peripheral blood leukocytes. It is relativel
Follicular dendritic cells are not productively infected with HIV-1 in vivo but retain HIV-1 particles on their cell membrane.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):139 (abstract no. PO-A02-0030). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333452; Schmitz J; van Lunzen J; Tenner-Racz K; Racz P; Schmitz H; Hufert FT; Bernhard Mocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.; OBJECTIVE: The network of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in germinal centers of the lymphatic tissue is destructed during HIV-1 infection. We investigated whether or not this phenomenon is due to HIV-1 infection of FDC in vivo. METHODS: Single cell suspensions were generated from lymph nodes (LN) of HIV-1 infected p
Parameters for production of HIV viral stocks.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):139 (abstract no. PO-A02-0029). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333453; Hincenbergs M; Rabin L; Systemix, Inc. Palo Alto, CA.; Many studies have been done that indicate the difficulty in comparison of experiments with HIV in vitro and in vivo in animal models due to the inherent variability in preparations of the virus. Molecular sequences have been shown to vary following prolonged culture in vitro. The desire to conduct studies that are mos
Requirement of N-terminal amino acid residues preceeding the Phe-Leu-Gly motif of gp41 for HIV-1 mediated cell fusion.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):139 (abstract no. PO-A01-0026). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333454; Scheid A; Schaal H; Klein M; Gehrmann P; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Virologie,; Henrich-Heine-Universitat Dausseldorf, Germany.; OBJECTIVE: The characterization of the structure of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of gp41 for Env mediated membrane fusion. METHODS: An env-expression vector was constructed that allows mutational analysis within the N-terminus of gp41. Mutations in this location were found to interfere with the function of the
The role of CD4 in HIV-cell fusion.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):139 (abstract no. PO-A01-0025). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333455; Sattentau QJ; Signoret N; Blanc D; Poignard P; Vignaux F; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, France.; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of permissive cells is initiated by virus binding to its cellular receptor, the CD4 molecule using recombinant, soluble CD4 (sCD4) as a receptor mimic, we have investigated the molecular interactions taking place during and subsequent to binding which result in virus-cell a
Future HIV vaccine policy and implications for efficacy trials.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):14 (abstract no. OP-02-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333456; Dowdle W; Dondero T; Jaffe H; Karon J; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA.; Vaccines have made possible the prevention and control of viral diseases such as smallpox, polio, measles, and hepatitis B. Development of a vaccine against HIV is the goal of major multinational research efforts. The complex HIV-host immune system interaction presents major challenges to vaccine development. Similarl
HIV, cofactors and AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):14 (abstract no. OP-03-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333457; Montagnier L; Dept. of AIDS-Retrovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; The main targets of HIV are terminally differentiated cells, i.e. CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages. CD4+ lymphocytes have to be activated, in order to allow the integration of proviral DNA into cell DNA, and subsequently the correct expression of viral genes. It is paradoxal that HIV replicates to a high rate during p
Perspectives for the future control of HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):14 (abstract no. OP-01-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333458; Gallo RC; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH,; Bethesda, MD 20892.; At least 3 independent strategies are needed to control AIDS progression: #1) HIV replication must be early, strongly, and consistently inhibited; #2) if the primary immune defects are not only due to direct effects of HIV but also indirect (e.g. such as autoimmunity), then these defects must be understood and correct
Changes in cell motility, pseudopod dynamics and cytoskeletal organization during HIV 1-induced syncytium formation in T-cell cultures.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):140 (abstract no. PO-A02-0031). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333459; Soll DR; Kennedy RC; Wessels D; Sylvester A; Anderson S; Warren R; Dept. of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City.; During HIV 1-induced syncytium formation in T cell lines, both single cells and syncytia have been analyzed for 1) cell morphology, pseudopod extension, directional movement and recruiting behaviors using the computer-assisted Dynamic Image Analysis System 2D-DIAS, and 2) the cytoskeletal organization of F-actin and m
Interaction between HIV-infected cells and their target cells involve other molecules than CD4.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):140 (abstract no. PO-A02-0034). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333461; Lanza P; Buck D; Zanetti M; UCSD, Dept. of Med., La Jolla.; INTRODUCTION: Interaction between CD4 T lymphocytes and HIV-infected cells proceeds as a cell-cell adhesion phenomenon through the formation of syncytia (giant cells). This is strictly dependent on the interaction between cells expressing envelope gp120 and cells bearing surface CD4. However, syncytia formation and ce
Quantitation by competitive PCR of HIV-1 proviral DNA in epidermal Langerhans cells of HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):140 (abstract no. PO-A02-0032). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333462; Zambruno G; Cimarelli A; Salemi M; Marconi A; Giannetti A; Bertazzoni U; Dept. of Dermatology, University of Modena, Italy.; Human Langerhans cells (LC) are bone marrow-derived, CD1a+, MHC-class II+, CD4+, dendritic antigen-presenting cells populating the epidermis and mucosal epithelia. We have recently reported the presence of HIV-1 proviral DNA and RNA in purified LC from the epidermis of seropositive patients (J Invest Dermatol 1991, 96
The HIV-1 vif gene product is essential for efficient reverse transcription and HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):140 (abstract no. PO-A02-0036). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333464; Simm M; Zeira M; Volsky DJ; Molecular Virology Laboratory, Columbia/St. Lukes/Roosevelt, New York.; The viral infectivity factor of HIV-1, Vif, is a non-structural viral protein which facilitates HIV-1 infection by an unknown mechanism. The requirement for Vif differs among different cell lines, but it appears to be absolute in primary CD4-positive T lymphocytes (PBL). We have determined the stage of HIV-1 replicati
Correlation between presence of HIV-1 in ejaculate, viral load, and CD4 count: a MACS report.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):141 (abstract no. PO-A02-0042). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333465; Farzadegan H; Pomerantz R; Margolick J; Palenicek J; Bagasra O; Seshamma T; Saah A; Infectious Disease Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; 21205.; Sexual transmission of HIV-1 plays an important role in the AIDS epidemic. Ejaculate is the body fluid most frequently exchanged during sexual intercourse. We studied ejaculates from 32 homosexual men at different stages of immune suppression to determine the correlation between detection of HIV-1 in PBMC and sperm ej
Genetic elements of Euro-American and African HIV strains important for induction of cytopathic effect and host cell range.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):141 (abstract no. PO-A02-0040). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333466; de Mareuil J; Guettari N; Salaun D; Chermann JC; Hirsch I; INSERM U322, Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et maladies; Associees, Marseille, France.; OBJECTIVE: Phenotypic characterization of majority of Euro-american HIV-1 strains indicate that variation in the envelope gene alone, or more specifically its V3 region, is sufficient to explain variability of cytopathic properties and host cell range of HIV-1. We addressed a question whether this concept could be gen
HIV infection of human thymic and skin epithelial cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):141 (abstract no. PO-A02-0041). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333467; Ramarli D; Riviera AP; de Luca M; Reina S; Varnier O; Tridente G; Ist. Immunologia e Mal. Infettive. Univ. di Verona, Italy.; Primary cultures of human thymic and epidermal epithelial cells were derived from thymus of children undergoing cardiac surgery and from skin biopsies of normal volunteers. According to the epithelial phenotype, both cultures expressed class I but not class II MHC antigens, beta 1 integrin chain and the integrin molec
RC-2A -- a new model for highly productive infection of human myelomonocytic cells with different strains of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):141 (abstract no. PO-A02-0038). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333468; Kleinschmidt A; Kranz B; Froese B; Marquart KH; Erfle V; Brack-Werner R; GSF-Institute of Molecular Virology, Neuherberg.; OBJECTIVES: Productive HIV-1 infection of monocytic cell lines. METHODS: Infection with HIV-1 by cell-free supernatant, immunoperoxidase staining, p24 antigen capture ELISA, electron microscopy, determination of TCID50 and leukocyte differentiation antigens. RESULTS: RC-2A cells were persistently infected with HIV-1 l
Stromal cells from human lymphoid tissue as reservoir for HIV 1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):141 (abstract no. PO-A02-0037). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333469; Degrassi A; Lisignoli G; Monaco MC; Facchini A; Ambesi-Impiombato FS; Major EO; Ist. Pat. Clin. e Sper., Univ. di Udine, Italy.; OBJECTIVES: Mature lymphocytes spend most of their life in lymphoid tissues in close contact with stromal cells. We therefore investigated if human tonsil stromal cells (HTSC) can be infected and produce HIV 1 in vitro. METHODS: HTSC obtained from three HIV 1 seronegative subjects were expanded in vitro and exposed to
Variations in envelope gene of Zairian virus HIV-1 NDK are not necessary for its infectivity in human colon epithelial cell line HT29.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):141 (abstract no. PO-A02-0039). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333470; Guettari N; Salaun D; de Mareuil J; Cherinann JC; Hirsch I; INSERM U322, Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et maladies; Associees, Marseille, France.; OBJECTIVE: Zairian virus HIV-1 NDK, highly cytopathic for CD4+ lymphocytes, is the only isolate which is able to productively infect human colon epithelial cell line HT29. The aim of our study was to elucidate genetic control of HIV-1 infectivity in intestinal cells. METHODS: Chimeric viruses derived from French proto
CD4 positive lymphoid cells rescue HIV-1 replication from abortively infected human primary endothelial cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):142 (abstract no. PO-A02-0043). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333471; Scheglovitova O; Capobianchi MR; Antonelli G; Guanmu D; Fais S; Dianzani F; Gamaleya Inst. Microbiol. Epidemiol., Moscow, Russia.; Human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) can be infected by different strains of HIV-1 through a galactosyl ceramide receptor, but the replication is restricted, since mature virus production remains undetectable. Yet, viral DNA is transiently detectable during the first days of infection, but progressiv
Generation of a host range variant of HIV-1 after passage through KB cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):142 (abstract no. PO-A02-0046). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333472; Guo HG; Tsai S; Sadaie R; Chang HK; Gong QH; Gallo RC; Reitz MS; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; HIV-1IIIB was transmitted from H9 to the epithelioid cell line KB by cocultivation, but could not be transmitted from the cell free supernatant. CD4 mRNA was detectable in the KB cells, suggesting infection using CD4 as the receptor. After passage in KB cells, the virus produced from KB cells (HIV-1IIIB-KB) could now
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) enhances HIV-1 replication in human hepatoblastoma cells transfected with cloned HBV DNA, and superinfected with HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):142 (abstract no. PO-A02-0044). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333473; Kashala O; McLane MF; Mathieu C; Warner A; Essex M; Cambridge Biotech, Worcester, MA.; OBJECTIVES: In vivo studies suggest HBV can hasten progression to AIDS. To study the interaction between HBV and HIV, a cell system was devised to eliminate the need for HIV transfection of HepG2 cells and to produce HBV and HIV particles in the same cells. This system closely mimics natural CD4-independent HIV infect
Immunocytophotometric study of MT4 and Jurkat-tat cells under experimental HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):142 (abstract no. PO-A02-0048). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333474; Kushch A; Shumay E; Glukhova L; Magakyan Yu; Inst. Virol., Russian Acad. Med. Sci., Moscow.; OBJECTIVE: Comparative study of lytic HIV infection in two highly sensitive T-lymphoblastoid cell lines. METHODS: MT4 and Jurkat-tat (J-t) cells were infected with HIV-1 strain BRU. At different periods after infection fixed cells were immunocytochemically stained with HIV-specific Mab. The quantities and distribution
Infection of epidermal Langerhans cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):142 (abstract no. PO-A02-0047). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333475; Girolomoni G; Vignoli M; Ramazzotti E; Marconi A; La Placa M; Giannetti A; Dept. of Dermatology, University of Modena, Italy.; Human Langerhans cells (LC) are CD1a+, MHC-class II+, CD4+ dendritic leukocytes with antigen-presenting cell function which populate squamous epithelia. Epidermal LC from HIV-1 infected patients harbor and express HIV-1 proviral DNA (J AIDS 1993, in press). In the present study we investigated whether LC from epidermi
Infectious HIV with reduced cytopathogenicity is produced by persistently-infected CD4-positive normal human fibroblasts.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):142 (abstract no. PO-A02-0045). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333476; Dolei A; Serra C; Arca MV; Tilocca F; Riva E; Antonelli G; Toniolo A; Inst. Microbiology and Virology, Univ. of Sassari, Italy.; Normal human lung fibroblasts are CD4(+) and HIV-permissive Dolei et al., AIDS 6:232, 1992). MRC-5 and PEU normal fibroblasts were infected with HIV-1 (strains HTLV-IIIB and HIV-1P1). Intracellular and released HIV was measured by the syncytia assay in C8166 T cells, p24 ELISA, immunofluorescence and hybridisation of
[Ca++]i effects of gp120 on cerebellar cultures.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):143 (abstract no. PO-A02-0054). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333477; Ciardo A; Meldolesi J; DIBIT H.S. Raffaele Milano, Italy.; In the present work we report the effect of gp120 in terms of [Ca++]i rise on a small subpopulation of glial cells. Recording of the [Ca++]i was performed at single cell level using the fluorescent probe Fura-2. [Ca++]i increase was sustained by both Ca++ influx and release from the intracellular stores. Responsive ce
Determination of in vivo V3-specific HIV-1 proviral sequences in circulating monocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):143 (abstract no. PO-A02-0049). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333479; Innocenti-Francillard P; Brangel K; Morand P; Bourgeat MJ; Seigneurin JM; Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Medicine/CHU, Grenoble, France.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existence and the genetic determinants of in vivo monocytotropic HIV-1 proviruses as well as their possible expression in the plasma compartment, we sequenced the V3 hypervariable domain, thought to be involved in viral tropism, plus 18 amino acids (aa) downstream. METHODS: Blood monocytes M
Infection of CD4+ cell lines by a noncytopathic HIV-2 isolate HIV-2 ALI) leads to abortive life cycle.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):143 (abstract no. PO-A02-0051). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333480; Pereira JM; Lourenco MH; Ferreira MO; Pereira JM; Faculdade de Farmacia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.; OBJECTIVE: To determine the step where the HIV-2 ALI life cycle is blocked in CD4+ cell lines. METHODS: Cells (HuT-78 and HT4 HIV nlsLacZ-1) were infected with the same amount of HIV-2 ALI. Cell cultures were then split in two and cultivated in presence or in absence of IL
Infectivity, host cell tropism, and cytopathicity of HIV-1 are determined by envelope gp120 structure.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):143 (abstract no. PO-A02-0053). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333481; Cheng-Mayer C; Koito A; Stamatatos L; Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco.; We investigated how amino acid changes within and outside of the V3 loop of envelope gp120 influence the infectivity, host range, and syncytium formation of HIV-1. Mutant viruses were generated and their biological properties were determined and compared to that of wild-type. Our results show that specific amino acid
The noncytopathic HIV-2 ALI isolate has a delayed replication cycle.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):143 (abstract no. PO-A02-0052). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333482; Pereira JM; Lourenco MH; Champalimaud JL; Ferreira MO; Pereira JM; Faculdade de Farmacia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.; OBJECTIVE: To study the replication cycle in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a noncytopathic HIV-2 (HIV-2 ALI) isolated from an ARC patient. METHODS: PHA-stimulated PBMC were infected with the same amount of HIV-2 ALI and HIV-2 ROD. Viral production was followed by reverse transcriptase (RT) assay. Envelo
Amino acid changes in the region corresponding to the fourth conserved region of HIV-2 ROD envelope glycoprotein modulate fusion activity.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):144 (abstract no. PO-A02-0058). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333483; Keller R; Peden K; Paulous S; Montagnier L; Cordonnier A; Unite d'Oncologie Virale (CNRS UA 1157), Institut Pasteur, Paris,; France.; To gain some insight into the mechanism of entry of HIV-2, we introduced single amino acid substitutions into the region of the HIV-2 surface glycoprotein analogous to the CD4 binding site of HIV-1. We showed that the thryptophan residue at position 428 is necessary primarily for CD4 binding. Isoleucine residue in the
HIV-1 CSF isolates with identical V3 loops differ in cytotropism.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):144 (abstract no. PO-A02-0055). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333485; Reinhardt PP; Pratt RD; Sawyer MH; Spector SA; Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego.; We analyzed the cytotropism of paired HIV-1 isolates cultured from cell-free CSF and from the corresponding cellular pellet of two infected individuals with neurocognitive impairment. While the supernatant derived isolates were T-cell tropic and syncytia inducing (SI), the virus isolated from the cellular pellet was m
Prevalence and consequences of HIV infection of the intestinal mucosa.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):144 (abstract no. PO-A02-0057). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333486; Choquet-Kastylevsky G; Perreard M; Escarch S; Cotte L; Lamelin JP; Trepo C; INSERM U271, Lyon, France.; In view of the debated significance of the presence of HIV in the intestinal mucosa, we have investigated the occurrence of intestinal HIV infection in fifteen patients at different stages of the disease, using coculture, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 15 HIV positive patients (paucisymptomatic:
1H NMR studies on HIV interaction with T and NK lymphocyte subpopulations.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):144 (abstract no. PO-A02-0059). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333488; Guidoni L; Luciani AM; Rosi A; Viti V; Bona R; Federico M; Verani P; Rossi GB; Ramoni C; Dupuis ML; Lab. of Physics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.; INTRODUCTION: In previous work, we have demonstrated that the changes in 1H NMR spectra occurring during HIV infection of susceptible cells reveal membrane structure modifications during viral internalization, thus providing a clear picture of the early events of infection. Aim of this study is the analysis of HIV int
A novel reverse transcriptase inhibitor from Fucus vesiculosus.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):145 (abstract no. PO-A03-0061). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333489; Moen LK; Clark GF; Dept. of Chem. and Biochem. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA.; Fucoidan is a polysaccharide which has already been identified as an effective inhibitor of several enveloped viruses in vitro including HIV (Baba et al, 1988, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.). The effect of this polysaccharide on HIV infection is due in part to its ability to block the interaction between gp120 and its
Functional importance of highly conserved amino acid residues of HIV-1 RNase H.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):145 (abstract no. PO-A03-0064). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333491; Moelling K; Volkmann S; Tisdale M; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Abt. Schuster, Berlin,; FRG.; Retroviruses code for a reverse transcriptase (RT) which is associated with an RNase H activity. Among all known retroviral RNase H sequences 7 amino acids are highly conserved. The triad D443E478D498 forms the active centre and residue D549 is additionally involved in metal-binding. The functional importance of three
Recombination between HIV RNA: analysis of the factors which influence on recombination and localization of the crossover sites.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):145 (abstract no. PO-A03-0062). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333493; Blinov V; Inst. Molec. Biol., Koltsovo, Russia.; RNA recombination was first observed in picornoviruses and then in coronaviruses, plant viruses and alphaviruses. Copy-choice model of recombination suggests that the viral RNA-depended polymerase initiates replication on one viral RNA, then switches template and continues replication on second viral RNA molecule. We
The polypurine-tract (PPT) of HIV-1 as target for antisense and triple-helix-forming oligodeoxynucleotides.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):145 (abstract no. PO-A03-0063). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333494; Volkmann S; Moelling K; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Abt. Schuster, Berlin,; FRG.; Replication of retroviral RNA into-double-stranded DNA by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) involves initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis at the polypurine-tract, PPT. The PPT is highly conserved among HIV-1 retroviral isolates. It occurs twice, adjacent to the 3 LTR and in the coding region of the integrase. R
Detection of DNA and RNA sequences in HIV-1 pediatric infections.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):146 (abstract no. PO-A03-0067). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333496; Alba Romero C; Ramos Amador JT; Ruiz Contreras J; Delgado R; Rodriguez Noriega A; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain.; OBJECTIVE: In addition to the use of PCR for detection of DNA in a group of children born to HIV-1 infected mothers in our hospital, we have also used the PCR for detection of RNA-HIV serum in these children. We have compared the relative value of PCR in detection of infected children with standard methods, anti-HIV a
Nucleotide sequence, structure and expression of the gene of human CD4-receptor.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):146 (abstract no. PO-A04-0070). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333499; Zverez V; Blinov V; Nedospasov S; Malushova V; Sidorov A; Andjaparidze O; Inst. for Viral Preparations, Moscow, Russia.; The gene for human CD4-receptor have been cloned from the genomic library. The nucleotide sequence of the first three exons and introns with relative region (about 15,000 b.p.) have been determined. The structural organization of CD4 gene is similar to that of other members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily excep
Unintegrated HIV-1 DNA in serum: the earliest prognostic marker?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):146 (abstract no. PO-A04-0069). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333500; Nandi J; Banerjee K; National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.; The PCR based testing for the presence of HIV in blood has now been successfully implicated as a major diagnostic tool. Most of the published records for such detection use DNA extracted from peripheral blood monocytes or serum RNA. In this report, we present PCR data using serum DNA as the PCR input. Using HIV specif
A b-HLH binding site in the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 binds to transcription factor USF/MLTF and downregulates transcription.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):147 (abstract no. PO-A05-0077). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333501; d'Adda di Fagagna F; Marzio G; Gutierrez MI; Pedacchia D; Falaschi A; Giacca M; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,; Trieste, Italy.; The 5 LTR of HIV-1 is an interdigitated array of binding sites for human transcription factors which regulate viral transcription initiation. We have previously demonstrated that the dyad symmetry motif CACPuTG motif at position -152/-174, a target of proteins of the basic-Helix-Loop-Helix (b-HLH) family including tr
Detection of leftward transcripts of HIV-1 in infected cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):147 (abstract no. PO-A05-0078). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333503; Lai PK; Barsov EV; Nonoyama M; Laboratory of Virology, Tampa Bay Research Institute, St. Petersburg,; Florida.; By use of sense RNA probes from the HIV-1 LTR, or from the env or nef gene, we detected in HIV-1 infected Jurkat cells 3 major species of HIV-1 antisense mRNA: a 4.8 kb, a 1.8 and a 0.9 kb message. These antisense messages also were detected in CR10/N1T cells, a chronically infected cell line persistently producing HI
Molecular interactions at the HIV-1 LTR in latently- and productively-infected cells examined by in vivo footprinting.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):147 (abstract no. PO-A05-0076). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333504; Giacca M; Demarchi F; D'Agaro P; Falaschi A; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,; Trieste, Italy.; The mechanisms underlying transcriptional activation of HIV-1 are of particular interest, since the progression of the disease usually correlates with an augmented viral expression. A large number of cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements has been identified in the LTR by in vitro binding studies. We have anal
The role of reactive oxygen species, antioxidants and phytopharmaceuticals in human immunodeficiency virus activation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):147 (abstract no. PO-A05-0073). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333505; Greenspan H; Arouma O; R&D, LGD Biomedical Grp., Annandale, NJ.; Oxidative stress , a predominance of a pro-oxidant over an antioxidant state, may result in activation of latent HIV. Evidence of a wide range of deficiencies in normal antioxidant defenses resulting in cascades of reactive forms of oxygen can provide pathways of cell signaling that initiates transcription. A premise
The role of NF kappa B/Rel transcription factors in the activation of HIV-1 replication.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):147 (abstract no. PO-A05-0075). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333506; Barbosa P; Feinberg MB; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco,; California.; Accumulating in vitro evidence clearly indicates that the linkage between HIV-1 expression and the state of immunologic activation is provided by members of the NF kappa B/Rel family of transcription factors. Unfortunately, experimental attempts to delineate the role of the NF kappa B binding sites within the HIV-1 LT
A latently HIV-1-infected cell clone converted to a producer by homologous recombination with a superinfected less cytopathic HIV-1 genome.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):148 (abstract no. PO-A05-0083). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333507; Kishi M; Kakinuma M; Sumiya M; Kimura T; Ikuta K; Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan.; MT-4 cells were infected with HIV-1 mutant containing a frameshift mutation in vif, vpu, vpr, or nef, respectively. Some of MT-4 cells survived infection with vif, vpu, and vpr mutants, but not with nef mutant and wild-type HIV-1. Several cell clones were isolated from the survivors and characterized. HIV-1 in isolate
Inhibition of tat-induced transcription of HIV-1 by an immediate-early CDNA.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):148 (abstract no. PO-A05-0082). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333509; Scott JL; Zeng T; Burns GF; Cancer Research Unit, University of Newcastle, New South Wales,; Australia.; When T cells become activated the expression of a number of gene products that were previously absent or expressed at low levels is induced. Those induced immediately following cellular activation are termed immediate-early proteins and play a pivotal role in the growth, proliferation and differentiation of T cells. S
NF-kappa B consensus sequences are indispensable to induce tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-LTR in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):148 (abstract no. PO-A05-0081). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333510; Lain M; Noriega AR; Hay RH; Virelizier JL; Arenzana F; Alcami J; Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.; OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to study the role of NF-kappa B on the expression of the HIV-LTR in normal CD4+ T lymphocytes and analyse whether tat can promote LTR-directed transcription independently of the HIV enhancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: J-Jhan is a subclone of the Jurkatt cell line. CD4+ lymphocytes were
Rapid and simple replication assay for HIV-1 in a permissive lymphocyte cell line based on the activation of an integrated beta-galactosidase gene.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):148 (abstract no. PO-A05-0084). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333511; Wardrop E; Lamarre D; Dept. of Biochemistry, Bio-Mega/Boehringer Ingelheim Research Inc.,; Canada.; A bioassay for the replication of HIV-1 that requires few manipulations has been developed for the rapid quantitation of drug inhibition of acute infection by laboratory strains. The B lymphoblastoid AA-2 cell line expresses a high level of CD4 and is highly permissive for HIV-1 infection. The AA-2 cell line has been
The oncoprotein Bcl-3 can transactivate through kappa B sites by an indirect mechanism.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):148 (abstract no. PO-A05-0079). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333512; Franzoso G; Bours V; Azarenko V; Park S; Tomita-Yamaguchi M; Siebenlist U; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.; We have previously reported that Bcl-3 can modulate transactivation through kappa B sites by counteracting the inhibitory effect exerted by NF-kappa B/p50 homodimers. Such homodimers are abundant in resting peripheral blood T cells. We and others have also shown that Bcl-3 can interfere with the DNA binding of the p50
Antibodies to HIV-1 nef and vif recombinant proteins in virus infected and risk group individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):149 (abstract no. PO-A07-0090). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333513; Bobkov A; Zverev S; Garaev MM; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum reactivity to nef and vif HIV-1 regulatory proteins at different stages of infection. METHODS: Serum samples were tested for antibodies to nef and vif HIV-1 recombinant proteins by ELISA. The proteins were synthesized in E. coli as fusion polypeptides with beta-galactosidase. The HIV-1 gen
Differential effects of anti-LFA-1 antibodies on HIV-LTR transactivation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):149 (abstract no. PO-AS-0089). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333514; Racioppi L; Masci AM; D'Oro U; di Rosa F; Zappacosta S; University of Naples, Federico II, Italy.; In this study we investigated the effects induced by different anti-LFA-1 mAbs on T cell and HIV-LTR activation. Stable transfected lymphoblastoid T cell (H9) and transient transfected T cell blast have been studied. Transfected vector contains Lac Z as reporter gene under the control of HIV-LTR. After stimulation wit
Evidence for translation initiation at the HIV-1 env start codon in a tat exon-1 mRNA.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):149 (abstract no. PO-A05-0088). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333515; Schaal H; Gehrmann P; Beunink M; Klein M; Scheid A; Institut fur Med. Mikrobiologie und Virologie,; Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany.; OBJECTIVE: The overall objective is the characterization of gene expression and usage of mRNAs containing coding regions for tat, rev, vpu, and env. METHODS: env-expression vectors were designed carrying the ORFs for tat, rev, vpu, and env under the control of the SV40 early promotor. Following transfection of HeLaT4+
Exon 2 of Tat-2 is required for optimal transactivation of HIV-1 and HIV-2.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):149 (abstract no. PO-A05-0087). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333516; Tong SE; Porton B; Pagtakhan J; UCSF, Dept. of Med.; High level expression of HIV-1 requires a viral protein. Tat trans-activator of transcription)-1, which acts on the trans-acting responsive region (TAR)-1 transcribed from positions 1 to +60 in HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). TAR-1 forms a single stem-loop secondary RNA structure. High level expression of HIV-2 also
HIV transplacental passage: in vitro analysis of LTR transcriptional activity in trophoblast cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):149 (abstract no. PO-A05-0086). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333517; Zachar V; Thomas RA; Ebbesen P; Goustin AS; Center for Molec. Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.; We have focused on in utero transmission of HIV where placental trophoblasts have been shown to be permissive for HIV, possibly an essential avenue of spread from mother to fetus. We have evaluated the ability of 3 choriocarcinoma cell lines (BeWo, JEG-3, JAR) and purified term trophoblast cells to support basal and T
HIV-1 regulation mechanisms in host human T CD4+, CD45RO+ cloned lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):149 (abstract no. PO-A05-0085). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333518; Chapel A; Bensussan A; Dormont D; CEA/DSV/DPTE/SSA, Fontenay aux Roses, France.; Mechanisms by which a particular set of CD4+ CD45RO+ T cell clones inhibit HIV-1 expression were investigated. Two sets of clones have been previously distinguished, with regard to their susceptibility to the HIV-1 virus. In replicating clones, an early viral expression occurred with cytopathic effect. Other clones no
Analysis of tat-responsive sequences in the tumor necrosis factor beta 1 (TNF beta) promoter.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):150 (abstract no. PO-A07-0094). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333519; Buonaguro L; Buonaguro FM; Gallo RC; Giraldo G; Ensoli B; 1st. Naz. Tumori Fond. Pascale, Naples, Italy.; The Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (TNF beta) is one of the inflammatory cytokines whose levels are increased in sera of individuals infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 HIV-1) and whose role in the AIDS pathogenesis has been postulated. We have recently shown that the product of the HIV-1 tat gene (TAT)
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides phosphorothioate targeted to the vpr gene inhibit HIV-1 replication in primary human macrophages.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):150 (abstract no. PO-A07-0096). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333520; Balotta C; Lusso P; Crowley R; Gallo RC; Franchini G; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; The replication of HIV in human macrophages is influenced by genetic determinants which have been mapped to the viral envelope. However, in HIV-2, the vpr gene has also been suggested as an important modulator of viral expression in human macrophages. We synthesized five antisense oligodeoxynucleotides phosphorothioat
Genetic susceptibility of human T cells to HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):150 (abstract no. PO-A07-0095). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333521; Ramarli D; Cambiaggi C; De Giuli Morghen C; Tripputi P; Ortolani R; Bolzanelli M; Tridente G; Accola R; 1st. Immunol. e Mal. Infettive, Univ. di Verona, Italy.; To investigate the genetic basis of human permissivity to HIV infection interspecies T cell hybrids between mouse BW 51.47 T lymphoma line and normal, PHA-IL2 activated human peripheral mononuclear cells were generated. These hybrids preferentially segregated human chromosomes, as assessed by phenotype and caryotype a
HIV-1 TAT activation by RGD-carrying peptide.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):150 (abstract no. PO-A07-0091). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333522; Kulberg A; Neugodova G; Tarkhanova I; N.F. Gamaleya Epidemiology and Microbiology Institute, Moscow, Russia.; The recombinant HIV-1 TAT metalloprotein acquires a capacity to interact with the oxygen radicals after exposure with peptide GRGDS corresponding to the fibronectin cell attachment site. Though neither TAT nor the peptide tested separately react with superoxide, their equimolar mixture accepts the radicals. In the mol
Localization of Vpr & Vpx products of HIV-1 & 2 in virions and infected cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):150 (abstract no. PO-A07-0092). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333523; Ratner L; Lu YL; Lindenbach B; Horton R; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St.; Louis, Mo.; Vpr is encoded by both HIV-1 and 2, while Vpx is produced only by HIV-2 infected cells. These proteins are derived from a common ancestral protein, are dispensable for virus replication in tissue culture but have relatively weak positive modulatory effects, and are packaged into the virions. This study identifies the
Negative and positive effect of nef on HIV-2 replication is due to a threshold value-regulation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):150 (abstract no. PO-A07-0093). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333524; Faisst AC; Jentsch KD; Hunsmann G; German Primate Centre, Gottingen.; INTRODUCTION: The role of the nef gene product in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication cycle remains still unclear. Both a positive as well as a negative influence in-vivo and in-vitro on HIV replication have been ascribed to this regulatory protein. OBJECTIVE: Our experiments with HIV-2 in human T-cell
Effects of the basic domain on HIV-1 Tat transactivation using chemically synthesized Tat protein and Tat peptides.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):151 (abstract no. PO-A07-0099). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333525; Vives E; Charneau P; van Rietschoten J; Rochat H; Bahraoui E; Labotatoire de Biochimie, Ingenierie des proteines, URA1455, Faculte; de Medecine Nord, Marseille, France.; To study the structure relationship of different Tat domains, full-length Tat protein Tat1-86, the gene product of the first exon Tat1-72 which retains full activity of the protein, and a panel of shorter peptides mimicking different regions of the primary structure of the Tat protein were chemically synthesized by th
Enhanced activity of TAR-less promoters transfected in HeLa cells producing high levels of HIV-1 Tat.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):151 (abstract no. PO-A07-0102). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333526; Ursini MV; Lettieri T; Santoro A; Martini G; International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples,; Italy.; The clinical manifestation of AIDS involve numerous different cell types and in many of these gene expression becomes disregulated. This probably results at least in part from the action of the viral gene Tat, which encodes a small protein able to bind to the TAR stem and loop structure present at the 5 end of all vi
Evidence for the role of HIV-1 Nef protein as a growth inhibitor to CD4+ T lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):151 (abstract no. PO-A07-0098). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333527; Ikuta K; Nishino Y; Nakaya T; Tokunaga K; Ito M; Fujii Y; Inst. Immunol. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan.; HIV-1 replication is tightly regulated by several nonstructural viral proteins, such as Tat and Rev. By contrast, the Nef protein has been considered to down-regulate HIV-1 replication. However, the importance of nef expression for the development of AIDS has been suggested by experiments in rhesus monkeys infected wi
Interaction of Tax and cellular transcription factors CREB and Myb with the LTR of the HTLV-I.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):151 (abstract no. PO-A07-0101). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333528; Beimling P; Goren I; Lovric J; Moelling K; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Abt. Schuster, Berlin,; FRG.; The human T-cell leukemia virus I (HTLV-I) is the causative agent of the human adult T-cell leukemia, ATL. The virus-coded transactivator protein Tax does not bind to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. Tax function is mediated through different response elements on the HTLV-I promoter. Three 21 bp Tax-response element
Protein protein interactions of the Nef protein from HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):151 (abstract no. PO-A07-0097). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333529; Kienzle N; Mueller-Lantzsch N; Dept. Virology, Univ. of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany.; Nef protein derived from HIV-1 strain LAV(BRU) were eucaryoticaly produced in insect cells infected by recombinant baculovirus and in stably transfected lymphoid cell lines. Our data document that recombinant Nef can form homomeric structures including monomers, dimers, trimers and tetramers. Nef oligomers linked by i
The highly variable six-base-long nucleotides appear most frequently between the tat cds start and the vpu cds end.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):151 (abstract no. PO-A07-0100). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333530; Doi H; IIAS, Fujitsu Labs Ltd., Chiba, Japan.; OBJECTIVE: To know the relationship between virulence and genome variability. BACKGROUND: I have shown that the purine(u)-pyrimidine(y) 6-mers uuyuuy, uyuuyu and yuuyuu frequently appear in the hypervariable regions of the gp120 coding region, and that they are the most variable (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9282-92
Control of Nef expression in acute and persistent HIV-1 infection of lymphoid cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):152 (abstract no. PO-A07-0108). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333531; Kucherer C; Warnecke C; Pauli G; AIDS-Zentrum am BGA, Berlin, FRG.; The regulatory Nef protein is common to all primate immunodeficiency viruses. It seems to be involved in the control of viral replication, maintainance of latency and to contribute to the pathogenicity of the virus, albeit a number of conflicting experimental data exists. In recent experiments (Schneider et al, 1992)
Interchangeable domains of HIV-1 and SIVmac239 rev-proteins.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):152 (abstract no. PO-A07-0105). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333532; Berchtold S; Hornung U; Ries J; Fleckenstein B; Aepinus C; Department of Virology, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany.; Human and Primate immunodeficiency viruses all have in common a tight regulation of structural proteins expression in their late phase of replication. The switch from early (regulatory protein expression) to late phase is mediated by the rev-proteins, they are essential for a sufficient cytoplasmic late -mRNA lev
Mouse monoclonal antibodies recognizing the activation domain of HIV-1 rev transactivator.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):152 (abstract no. PO-A07-0104). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333533; Ries J; Lang S; Beninga J; Fleckenstein B; Aepinus C; Inst. fur klinische und molekulare Virologie, Univ. Erlangen-Nurnberg,; Germany.; The rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a phosphoprotein of 20 kD molecular weight, is one of the regulatory polypeptides essential for virus replication. It is necessary to target the mRNA for virion polypeptides into the cytoplasm. So far four functional domains have been assigned to the HIV-
Study of the HIV-1 regulatory protein Vpu in an inducible expression system.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):152 (abstract no. PO-A07-0107). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333534; Meinl W; Hoxter M; Hauser H; Ellerbrok H; AIDS-Zentrum am BGA, Berlin, Germany.; Vpu is involved in the regulation of the HIV-1 life cycle at different levels. Thus, Vpu was shown to affect the release of viral particles, to regulate the expression of Gag proteins and to reduce the half-life of the CD4 molecule. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of Vpu activity remain to be elucidated. In ord
The hydrophilic domain of the HIV-1 Vpu protein consists of a phosphorylated alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix motif containing two immunodominant epitopes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):152 (abstract no. PO-A07-0106). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333535; Henklein P; Schubert U; Wray V; Strebel K; Pauli G; Porstmann T; Charite, Berlin, FRG.; Vpu is an 81 aa ampiphathic phosphoprotein associated with intracellular membranes of HIV-1 infected cells. Antibodies to Vpu are present in 75% of HIV-1 infected individuals. Using 15mer overlapping peptides spanning the hydrophilic region of Vpu (aa pos. 28-81) as antigen for ELISA with a panel of 50 anti-Vpu positi
Characterization of the nef gene of HIV-1 and HIV-2.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):153 (abstract no. PO-A07-0110). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333538; Ryan M; Peden K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.; Nef is a 27 kD myristoylated protein encoded at the 3 ends of the HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV genomes. It has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AIDS in monkeys and therefore is likely to be important for the development of HIV disease in humans. Animals infected with a Nef mutant SIV have markedly r
Oligomerization and biophysical characterization of the Nef protein from HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):153 (abstract no. PO-A07-0109). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333539; Freund J; Kalbitzer HR; Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, FRG.; 1H NMR spectroscopy shows that natively folded Nef protein expressed in E. coli forms disulfide linked oligomers after decreasing of the reduction potential. The NMR data show that the oligomerization is no SDS-PAGE artifact, occurs in the native state and is fully reversible. Since the Nef molecules are not exclusive
Synthesis and structure activity relationships of a series of penicillin based HIV proteinase inhibitors containing a novel peptide isostere.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):153 (abstract no. PO-A08-0111). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333540; Holmes DS; Kitchin J; McMeekin P; Patel B; Paternoster IL; Department of Medicinal Chemistry II, Glaxo Group Research Limited,; Greenford, Middlesex, United Kingdom.; A series of HIV-1 proteinase inhibitors were synthesised based upon a penicillin derived thiazolidine moiety. Reaction of the C-4 carboxyl with phenylalaninol gave amide 1 which was a moderately potent inhibitor of HIV-1 proteinase. Further modifications based on molecular modelling studies resulted in compound 2 whic
Transdominant negative effect of a p55gag-deletion mutant on the assembly of immature virus-like particles (VLPs).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):153 (abstract no. PO-A08-0114). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333542; Deml L; Fliessbach H; Wanner G; Muhlbacher G; Wolf H; Wagner R; Institut fur med. Mikrobiologie, Regensburg, FRG.; The transport and targeting of the HIV-1 p55gag precursor to the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) as well as the consecutive membrane dependent assembly of unprocessed p55gag is a multistep process that is so far not well understood. Provided, that those domains of the p55gag precursor being responsible for the transport to
An oligomerization domain on the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein gp120.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):154 (abstract no. PO-A08-0115). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333543; Otteken A; Voss G; Hunsmann G; German Primate Centre, Department of Virology and Immunology,; Gottingen.; OBJECTIVES: The envelope (env) glycoproteins (gp) of primate immunodeficiency viruses form noncovalently associated oligomers probably important to increase the gp120-CD4 binding avidity and to facilitate membrane fusion. Our experiments aimed to define regions within the env proteins responsible for oligomerization.
HIV-1 vpu protein enhances the release of capsids produced by gag gene constructs of widely divergent retroviruses.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):154 (abstract no. PO-A08-0117). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333544; Gottlinger HG; Dorfman T; Cohen EA; Haseltine WA; Div. of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard; Medical School, Boston, MA.; The HIV-1 vpu protein facilitates the release of virus particles from the surface of infected cells. The effect of vpu on HIV-1 capsid release does not require expression of the env protein. The ability of vpu to facilitate virus capsid release in the absence of env may be attributed either to direct interaction of th
Morphometric studies on HIV maturation and fine structure.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):154 (abstract no. PO-A08-0119). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333545; Gentile M; Scheidler A; Adrian T; Hoglund S; Dianzani F; Gelderblom H; Instituto di Virologica, University of Rome.; In order to become infectious, HIV has to undergo maturation, i.e. several posttranslational modifications, reflected by defined morphological states (1). HIV, in addition, shows ageing, i.e. a continuous loss of infectivity caused by shedding of the SU envelope glycoprotein (2). Thus, also from the structural point o
Sequence specific interaction of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein with viral RNA in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):154 (abstract no. PO-A08-0116). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333547; Dannull J; Surovoy A; Jung G; Moelling K; Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Genetik, Abt. Schuster, Berlin,; FRG.; The RNA binding properties of synthetic and recombinant HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) and fragments thereof have been analyzed. Sequence specific interaction has been observed for the 5 -HIV-1 RNA. Both, NCp7 and NCl-35 exhibit sequence specificity. This region comprises the first of the two Cys-His motifs and fla
Ultrastructure of the HIV molecules.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):154 (abstract no. PO-A08-0118). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333548; Bykovsky AF; Gamaleya Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.; This report summarizes the new results on ultrastructure of HIV-1 virion principal molecules. The shell of cone-shaped or cylinder-shaped viral core consists of distinct morphological units, each unit consists of 3 p24 molecules. p24 molecule contains one domain (*) and a hook-forming tail (*). Submembrane fragment of
A critical role of the proximal Zn-finger-like motif in Pr55gag on virion formation of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):155 (abstract no. PO-A08-0125). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333549; Kojima A; Masuko S; Hoshikawa N; Kobayashi T; Kurata T; Dept. of Pathology, N.I.H., Tokyo, Japan.; OBJECTIVES: HIV gag polyprotein precursor Pr55gag carries two copies of a Zn-finger-like motif in the C-terminal region. Our objective is to define the essential Zn-finger-like motif(s) in Pr55gag for HIV particle formation. METHODS: Mutant gag genes with an in-frame deletion around the tandem repeat of the Zn-finger-
Comparison of the molecular activity of HIV-1 proteinase to that of FIV proteinase and a variant of FIV proteinase.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):155 (abstract no. PO-A08-0122). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333550; Farmerie WG; Lin E; Raterman D; Goodenow MM; Dunn BM; Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Univ. of Florida,; Gainesville 32610-0245.; The catalytic activity of recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus proteinase (FIV PR) has been compared to that of HIV-1 PRLAI by utilizing synthetic substrates Lys-Ala-Arg-Val-Leu*Nph-Glu-Ala-Nle-Gly-NH2) based on junction B CA/NC) of the HIV gag protein sequence. While FIV PR cleaved several HIV PR substrate pepti
HIV-1 viral quantitation using electron microscopy, p24 antigen and TCID.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):155 (abstract no. PO-A08-0126). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333551; Cereda PM; Filice G; Debiaggi M; Bruno R; Orsolini P; Romero E; Institute of Microbiology, University of Pavia, Italy.; The study of HIV is hampered by difficulty in detecting and quantitating the virus. The quantitation of HIV has relied on virological methods of direct particles by electron microscopy, or by biological assay such as TCID (tissue culture infectious dose) and detection of HIV specific protein p24 by ELISA. Our experime
Lack of a classical packaging signal in HIV-2.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):155 (abstract no. PO-A08-0121). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333552; Garzino Demo A; Gallo RC; Arya SK; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; In many retroviruses, including HIV-1, the sequence between the splice donor and the gag ATG is necessary for the packaging of the viral genome in the particle. In order to obtain a packaging cell line for an HIV-2-based retroviral vector, we investigated whether such a packaging signal was present in HIV-2. Deletion
A stem loop structure present near the primer binding site of HIV-1 RNA is involved in virus infectivity.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):156 (abstract no. PO-A08-0129). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333555; Nataraian V; Plishka R; Radjendirane V; Salzman NP; Lab of Mol. Retrovirol. Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.; OBJECTIVE: The sequence present between the primer binding and gag initiation sites of HIV-1 has the potential to form stable stem loop structures (J. Virol. 66, 4144-4153). This structure encompasses the packaging signal and the major splice donor site. We investigated the role of this structure in virus infectivity.
Evidence for a cell associated proteolytically active gag-pol dimer.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):156 (abstract no. PO-A09-0132). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333556; Lindhofer H; Nitschko H; Lorbeer B; von der Helm K; Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institut, Universitat Munchen, Germany.; Processing of the HIV-1 gag and gag-pol precursors is an obligatory step in the formation of infectious virions and requires the activity of the HIV-1 protease. It is unclear whether the protease has enzymatic activity only as a mature dimer or also as a dimerized gag-pol polyprotein. The events that lead to the activ
Is the cleavage of HIV-1 gag precursor a final step of virion maturation?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):156 (abstract no. PO-A08-0130). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333558; Bukrinskaya A; Vorkunova G; Tentsov Yu; Grigoryev V; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.; It is postulated that the proteolytic cleavage of HIV-I gag precursor p55 is a crucial event for the formation of central core structure and maturation of virus particles, and this event occurs during budding or even after budding, in released virus particles. However, some our data could not be explained from this po
Surface presentation of the gp41 C-terminal domain in HIV-1 env transfected cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):156 (abstract no. PO-A08-0131). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333559; Gehrmann P; Schaal H; Scheid A; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Virologie,; Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany.; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the surface presentation of HIV-1 gp41 epitopes located between the membrane spanning sequence and the C-terminus (AA 670-700 and AA 854, respectively, in HIVNL43). METHODS: The epitopes of monoclonal antibodies specific for HIV-1 gp41 were mapped with a set of recombinant Env proteins expre
Antigenic diversity of the HIV-1 V3 loop in Cuban samples.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):157 (abstract no. PO-A10-0136). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333561; Benitez JV; Duarte C; Rivero J; Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.; OBJECTIVE: To determine serum reactivity to different V3 synthetic peptides in comparison with similar studies in other geographical regions. METHODS: Serum samples from 250 HIV-1 infected people (approximately 28% of the whole Cuban seropositive population) were screened by ELISA for antibodies binding to 15 aa pepti
Diagnosis of genetic predisposition to AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):157 (abstract no. PO-A10-0137). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333562; Rumyantsev SN; Vaccines and Sera Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.; In contrast to the aborigines of sub-Saharan Africa the predisposition to AIDS is a rarity in indigenous euroasiatic population. As a rule only the least part of its is affected with AIDS. Remainders avoid the disease due to their inherited properties of innate, constitutional immunity. There are now the theoretical b
Glycosylation of gp120 from HIV-2.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):157 (abstract no. PO-A09-0134). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333564; Liedtke S; Adamski M; Glienke W; Rubsamen-Waigmann H; Geyer R; Geyer H; Biochemisches Institut am Klinikum, Giessen, Germany.; OBJECTIVE: To compare the glycosylation-patterns of HIV-2 gp120, obtained from different host-cells and isolates. METHODS: For investigation of N-glycosylation, purified metabolically labelled gp120 was treated with trypsin, endoglycosidase H and N-glycanase. Released oligosaccharides were separated from glyco)peptide
Maintenance of HIV quasispecies after in vitro culture.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):157 (abstract no. PO-A10-0138). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333565; Grez M; von Briesen H; Somogy S; Nuchtern K; Dietrich U; Juraszczyk J; Rubsamen-Waigmann H; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany.; Co-cultivation of PBMCs from HIV-infected individuals with uninfected PBLs has been widely used to propagate HIV. However, virus strains adapted to tissue culture diverge extensively in their complexity and pathogenic properties from the original virus population. We have investigated the use of alternative tissue cul
Characterisation of antibodies raised against the V3 domain of gp120 of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):158 (abstract no. PO-A10-0141). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333567; Koot M; Laman J; Wijmenga SS; van de Berg M; Boersma W; Huisman JG; Central Lab. of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transf. Serv.; Amsterdam.; Primary HIV-1 isolates differ with respect to cell tropism and syncytium inducing (SI) capacity. Next to CD4 decline, the emergence of syncytium inducing variant during the asymptomatic stage of HIV-1 infection is associated with a increased risk for clinical progression. Antibodies were raised against circular V3-loo
Conservation of a distinct HIV-1 strain in vivo over seven years and its similarity to Lai.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):158 (abstract no. PO-A10-0144). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333568; Volsky DJ; Chao W; Simm M; Shahabuddin M; Potash MJ; Fonville TW; Molecular Virology Laboratory, Columbia/St. Luke's/Roosevelt, New; York, NY.; HIV-1 strains are known for their genetic diversity. Among the early forms of HIV-1 are Lai, isolated by Montagnier and colleagues in 1983, and N1T, which we isolated from donor NY527 in 1984. Here we demonstrate that N1T is in fact an Lai-like virus that has been carried in a genetically stable form for at least seve
In vivo genetic variability of the HIV-1 vif-gene.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):158 (abstract no. PO-A10-0143). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333569; Wieland U; Hartmann J; Eggers HJ; Kuhn JE; University of Cologne, Germany.; Vif proviral sequences of 70 HIV-1 infected patients in various stages of disease were analysed for inter- and intraindividual sequence variations. Sequence analysis was performed by direct solid phase sequencing of PCR-products from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all patients, and by sequencing of cloned PCR p
Perinatal transmission involves multiple maternal HIV-1 genotypes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):158 (abstract no. PO-A10-0140). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333570; Goodenow MM; Sleasman JW; Lamers SL; Barrett DJ; Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine,; Gainesville.; HIV-1 displays considerable genetic diversity within five hypervariable domains, V1-V5, of env. We analyzed V1 and V2 sequences amplified from peripheral blood cells in vivo to trace the evolution of genetic variants as the virus is transmitted from mother to infant. Longitudinal studies have focused on two HIV-1 infe
Progressive heterogeneity of the NEF gene in sequentially derived HIV-1 isolates.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):158 (abstract no. PO-A10-0142). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333571; McNearney T; Hornickova Z; Markham R; Birdwell A; Arens M; Ratner L; Dept. of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St.; Louis, MO.; METHODS: To assess the role of naturally occurring NEF divergence, DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells sequentially derived from four adults and the sequences encoding NEF and the first half of the 3 LTR were amplified, cloned and sequenced. Blood samples reflected the decline in the CD4+ cell co
V3 sequence variants and viral selection in cultured HIV Mexican isolates.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):158 (abstract no. PO-A10-0139). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333572; Gudino JC; Basualdo MC; Soler C; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma; de Mexico.; OBJECTIVE: To study the variability in V3 amino acid sequences of Mexican isolates in vitro and their natural selection by culturing. METHODS: The V3 region of a group of HIV-1 Mexican isolates, either in lymphocytes or established cell line cultures was amplified by PCR (6860 to 7180 Ratner) and directly sequenced by
Evolution of SIV quasispecies in animals infected with a molecularly cloned provirus.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):159 (abstract no. PO-A10-0150). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333573; Pelletier E; Cheynier R; Letvin N; Wain-Hobson S; Unite de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; OBJECTIVES: To follow the evolution of SIV quasispecies in monkeys inoculated with infectious molecularly cloned proviral DNA of SIV mac-239; thus reflecting a uniquely in vivo phenomenon. METHODS: Four monkeys were inoculated with DNA from an infectious molecular clone of a SIV mac-239 provirus. A 323 bp region of th
HIV-1 and T cell receptor sequence complexity within individual splenic white pulps.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):159 (abstract no. PO-A10-0149). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333577; Cheynier R; Pelletier E; Wain-Hobson S; Unite de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; OBJECTIVES: What is the local HIV-1 sequence diversity in individual microdissected white pulps from an infected spleen? Is there a correlation between HIV replication (proviral load), sequence complexity and local T cell activation? METHODS: Over one hundred individual blocks of white pulp were microdissected from th
Sequence variation of the HIV-1 nef gene from brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood of AIDS patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):159 (abstract no. PO-A10-0146). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333578; Gorblich T; Brack-Werner R; Gurtler L; Chiodi F; Werner T; Erfle V; Inst. f. Molekulare Virologie, GSF, Neuherberg.; OBJECTIVE: An involvement of HIV Nef in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related neurologic disease is suggested by protein-sequence similarity to scorpion neuroactive peptides. Therefore, we investigated sequence variation of the nef gene in the central nervous system (CNS) by direct sequence analysis of nef from brain tissu
Characterisation of African HIV infection by serological similarity analysis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):160 (abstract no. PO-A10-0153). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333579; Blomberg J; Dash R; Oram J; Ayehunie S; Tswana S; Pipkorn R; Sect. Virol, Medical Microbiol, Lund, Sweden.; PURPOSE: The degree of antigenic variability of HIV and the immune response to it need to be mapped before starting large vaccine programs. By integrating the response to epitopes which are recognized differentially in various populations a pattern is created which can be used for classification of HIV infections. MET
Do neutralizing/enhancing antibodies select HIV-1 variants?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):160 (abstract no. PO-A10-0151). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333580; Trischmann H; Davis D; Lachmann PJ; Molecular Immunopathology Unit, MRC Centre, Cambridge, UK.; BACKGROUND: Since the identification of HIV as the cause of AIDS there is demand for disease control using vaccination. Variability in amino acid sequences of envelope glycoproteins gp120/41 turned out to be the biggest problem for creating protective pressure on the virus in the host. METHODS: Using a complete series
Human immunodeficiency type-1 virus envelope gene diversity in mother-newborns pairs: sequence analysis of the V3 loop region.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):160 (abstract no. PO-A10-0154). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333581; Briant L; Izopet J; Chappey C; Puel J; Guyader M; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse.; In order to elucidate mechanisms of materno-foetal HIV-1 transmission we have analysed sequence variations in the hypervariable V3 loop region of the envelope gene from four HIV-1 infected mother-infant pairs. For each mother at least three blood samples were collected at each trimester of pregnancy, and two samples w
The V3 loop of 35 HIV-1 variants from Central African Republic come in four groups.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):160 (abstract no. PO-A10-0155). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333583; You B; Chappey C; Kieny MP; Murphy E; Mathiot C; Girard M; Pasteur Inst. Bangui Central African Republic.; For any vaccine project, based on the use of GP120, including the V3 region, epitopic variability is a major obstacle. Sequencing could be an approach for evaluating and clustering different variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HIV-1 variants have been isolated, from 35 Central African (C.A) HIV seropositive persons, at d
The WHO network for HIV isolation and characterization: a global resource for HIV vaccine development. WHO International Collaborating Group.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):160 (abstract no. PO-A10-0156). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333584; Osmanov S; Belsey E; Esparza J; Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva,; Switzerland.; OBJECTIVES: To obtain information on genetic and antigenic variation of HIV and its possible implications for vaccine development. METHODS: The Global Programme on AIDS has established a global Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization . The Network is formed by: primary laboratories at the four sites initially
Cloning and sequencing of the envelope gene of a nonfusogenic HIV-2 isolate.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):161 (abstract no. PO-A10-0162). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333585; Taveira NC; Bex F; Ferreira MO; Burny A; Pereira JM; Dept. Microbiol., Fac. Farmacia de Unv. de Lisboa, Portugal.; OBJECTIVES: To determine the molecular structure of the env gene of a nonfusogenic HIV-2 isolate (HIV-2 ALI). METHODS: A nested PCR protocol was used to amplify the entire env gene from a 10 days PBMCs culture of HIV-2 ALI. Env gene was cloned in pWSK29 plasmid. Exonuclease III treatment was used to obtain recombinant
Dilute passage promotes the expression of genetic and phenotypic variants of HIV-1 in cell culture.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):161 (abstract no. PO-A10-0157). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333586; Lopez-Galindez C; Sanchez-Palomino S; Rojas JM; Martinez MA; Fenyo EM; Najera R; Domingo E; C.N.B.C.R. Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; We have studied the extent of genetic and phenotypic diversification of HIV-1 upon fifteen serial passage of clonal viral populations in NT-4 cell cultures. Several genetic and phenotypic modifications previously noted during evolution of HIV-1 in infected humans were also observed upon passages of the virus in cell c
Genetic diversity of HIV-1 envelope V3 in patients whose CD4 counts declined rapidly.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):161 (abstract no. PO-A10-0159). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333587; Ida S; Oka S; Shioda T; Kimura S; Shimada K; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo, Japan.; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic changes of HIV-1 in serum during the progression of disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera were obtained and stored at 80 degrees C from three infected individuals by 6 to 24 months intervals. During this period, CD4 counts of these patients decreased from 200-300/microliters to und
HIV-1 envelope sequence diversity in a number of infected individuals from various geographical regions. WHO International Collaborating Group.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):161 (abstract no. PO-A10-0160). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333588; Ranjbar S; Slade A; Kitchin P; Holmes HC; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms,; Hertfordshire, UK.; The PCR was used to amplify the gp120 envelope gene from provirus derived from the blood of a number of HIV-1 infected individuals. The nested set of PCR primers that were used had been designed to amplify as wide a range of target sequences as possible. Envelope sequences were successfully amplified from reference
Region critical for monocytotropism is concerned in diversification of HIV-1 strains derived from a unique infectious source.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):161 (abstract no. PO-A10-0161). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333589; Kasper P; Kaiser R; Oldenburg J; Brackmann HH; Matz B; Schneweis KE; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bonn.; In 1990 eight hemophilia B patients were infected with HIV-1 from one clotting factor lot. In spite of the abundant virus replication soon after infection, the homogeneity of the infecting virus population could be proved by the high homology of the hypervariable regions V1 and V2 in the env gene from seven patients a
Variation of HIV-2 env gene in rhesus macaques.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):161 (abstract no. PO-A10-0158). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333590; Bayon-Auboyer MH; Boussin FD; Vogt G; Le Grand R; Vaslin B; Putkonen P; Dormont D; CRSSA/CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.; OBJECTIVE: Variability of the env gene plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. We investigated the variations of env sequence in experimentally HIV-2 infected rhesus macaques previously vaccinated or not with recombinant vaccinia viruses and purified proteins. ANIMALS: 10 monkeys were inoculated wit
env-sequence of a new HIV-2 isolate (HIV-2HOM) from a German asymptomatic carrier.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):162 (abstract no. PO-A10-0165). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333591; Born G; Nick S; Muller-Lantzsch N; Jahn G; Institut fur Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Erlangen, Germany.; HIV-2 infection has still a low prevalence in Europe and the epidemiology is not investigated in detail. The reported cases seem to originate directly from West Africa. In 1991 we isolated a new HIV-2 variant (HIV-2HOM) from a German most likely infected in the Ivory Coast in
Analysis of nucleotide sequences of HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop in Argentina.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):162 (abstract no. PO-A10-0163). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333592; Gomez Carrillo M; Marquina S; Rabinovich D; Gutierrez P; Libonatti O; National Reference Centre for AIDS, Department of Microbiology,; University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Argentina.; In this work nucleotide sequences of gp120 HIV-1 V3 loop of 30 Argentinian HIV-1 infected patients and representative worldwide isolates were compared. Of the individuals enrolled, 15 were intravenous drug users (group A), 5 homosexual men(group B), 8 children born to HIV-1 positive mothers(group C) and 2 AIDS patient
Genetic analysis of Ivory Coast HIV-1 V3 loop variability.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):162 (abstract no. PO-A10-0167). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333593; Janssens W; Heyndrickx L; Fransen K; Gershy-Damet GM; van der Groen G; Piot P; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.; OBJECTIVE: To determine the diversity of V3 loop sequences of Ivory Coast HIV-1 isolates in order to design a consensus peptide to study the prevalence of antibodies against this peptide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 HIV-1 infected patients attending the Centre Hospitalier de Tre
Infectivity of HIV-1 quasispecies correlates with absence of anti V3 antibodies in vivo.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):162 (abstract no. PO-A10-0164). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333594; Schreiber M; Petersen H; Wachsmuth C; Muller H; Hufert F; Schmitz H; Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.; Infectious cell-free HIV-1 (iCFV) was isolated from serum of two AIDS patients by Serum-PBMC culture experiments. The isolated iCFV was characterized by V3 sequence analysis. 20 randomly selected V3-clones were sequenced to study the distribution and frequency of the virus quasispecies. These V3 sequences were compare
Molecular phylogeny in the env gene of HIV-1 strains isolated in Ivory Coast.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):162 (abstract no. PO-A10-0168). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333595; Janssens W; Heyndrickx L; Van de Peer Y; Bouckaert A; Motte J; Piot P; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.; OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in Abidjan, Ivory Coast , and to compare with previously published sequences of international HIV-1 isolates of North-America, Europe and Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 9 HIV-1 and 4 serologically dually rea
Sequence comparison of HIV genomes derived from brain and spleen tissues.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):162 (abstract no. PO-A10-0166). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333596; Huber J; Hell W; Weiss S; Zietz C; Wolf H; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitat; Regensburg, FRG.; Infection of the CNS by HIV causes a wide range of neurological disorders (AIDS dementia complex) in many AIDS patients. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms for these symptoms remain unclear. Recent publications describe different biological characteristics of HIV isolates from CN
Genetic analysis of HTLV-II isolates from Spain.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):163 (abstract no. PO-A10-0173). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333597; Vallejo A; Najera I; Garcia-Saiz A; CNBCR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain.; OBJECTIVE: To compare the nucleotide sequence of HTLV-II isolates from five asymptomatic (four IVDU and one prostitute) spanish carriers, to study virus variability during a long-term culture and to compare them to other isolates from different geographical origin. METHODS: The nucleotide sequences of different fragme
Properties of an Asian HIV-2 isolate, HIV-2NEP.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):163 (abstract no. PO-A10-0172). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333600; Hafner Y; Diniz CA; Nick S; Jahn G; Institut fur Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Erlangen, Germany.; Recently it has been shown that HIV-2 infections are prevalent in India . In 1991 a young heterosexual Nepalese man applying for asylum in Germany was found to be HIV-2 positive. He was most likely infected in Bombay, India, where he had lived fo
Sequence analysis of V3 regions from Brazilian HIV isolates.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):163 (abstract no. PO-A10-0170). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333601; Vanden Haesevelde M; Deleys RJ; Vanderborght BO; Bonecini MG; de Sa CA; Saman E; Innogenetics, Gent, Belgium.; OBJECTIVE: To analyze the genetic diversity of the principal neutralizing determinant (V3) of Brazilian HIV1 isolates. METHODS: Viral RNA was isolated from plasma of HIV infected patients or culture supernates from HIV infected lymphocytes. The V3 region was amplified using reverse transcription followed by nested PCR
V3 sequence diversity among Brazilian HIV-1 samples.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):163 (abstract no. PO-A10-0169). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333602; Morgado MG; Sabino E; Bongertz V; Brigido L; Galvo-Castro B; Hendry M; Mayer A; Dept. Immunol. IOC-FIOCRUZ, R.J., BR.; Apart from its genetic variability, the V3 region of the HIV-1 envelope (ENV) is involved in cellular tropism and a major neutralization epitope. Although Brazil ranks 2nd in the world in the number of AIDS cases, information about HIV ENV diversity in Brazil is scarce. To assess t
Comparative sequence analysis of HIV-1 LTR and V3 quasispecies present in lymph node (LN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMC) of HIV-1 infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):164 (abstract no. PO-A10-0176). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333603; Ait-Khaled M; Emery VC; Dept. of Virology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London,; U.K.; The differential and temporal expression of the HIV genome is regulated through the Long Terminal Repeats (LTR). In addition, HIV tropism and cytopathogenicity has been shown to involve the V3 loop and in particular the Principle Neutralizing Determinant PND). The objectives of this study was to perform a cross-sectio
High prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 mixed infections in India.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):164 (abstract no. PO-A11-0177). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333604; Grez M; Dietrich U; Maniar J; Gerte S; Pfutzner A; Rubsamen-Waigmann H; STD Clinic, Bombay, India.; A high risk population (patients of the STD clinic and the GT hospital in Bombay) was tested for antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Among 596 serum samples analysed 369 had previously been classified HIV-positive in India . The serology of 227 samples was unknown. All samples were t
Hypervariability viruses by AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):164 (abstract no. PO-A10-0175). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333605; Deichman AM; Oncology Center, Moscow, Russia.; The hypervariability viruses by AIDS--in according hypothetical concept--may be connected with exploitation 2-th normally working in immunological system mechanisms--for realization specific and non-specific) kinds of immunoresistance. This is the individual epitope reverse translation (the first)--for nonsingle amino
Identification of Thailand HIV-1 subtypes in Japan.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):164 (abstract no. PO-A11-0178). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333606; Takebe Y; Pau CP; Oka S; Ou CY; Weniger BG; Yamazaki S; AIDS Research Center, NIH, Japan.; Recent national survey in Japan showed the rapid increase in the numbers of the infected foreigners from southeast Asia (mainly from Thailand ). In addition, HIV is going to spread domestically through heterosexual contact. To investigate the cu
Solid phase direct genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis reveal four major HIV-1 lineages in Finland.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):164 (abstract no. PO-A11-0179). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333608; Salminen M; Nykanen A; Brummer-Korvenkontio H; Kantanen ML; Liitsola K; Leinikki P; Department of HIV, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki,; Finland.; OBJECTIVE: As HIV-1 has revealed itself as one of the genetically most unstable RNA-viruses known, classification methods of virus strains have become increasingly important. We have investigated the use of the gag p7/p9 protein coding region to classify HIV-1 strains by phylogenetic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S
Analysis of reported HIV transmission in a dental practice.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):165 (abstract no. PO-A11-0186). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333609; Hill M; Resnick L; Debry R; Abele L; Graebnitz F; Weiss SH; Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL.; OBJECTIVE: To critically examine using molecular epidemiological methods, the issue of possible HIV transmission from a Florida dentist to five dental patients. METHODS: New proviral DNA from the C2-V3 region was amplified, cloned and sequenced by us from 60 HIV-1 seropositive community volunteers, from the 5 dental p
Diversity of HIV-1 envelope V3 domain: a study of the HIV-1 epidemic in the former Soviet Union with different routes of transmission.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):165 (abstract no. PO-A11-0184). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333610; Bobkov A; Garaev M; Cheingsong-Popov R; Kaleebu P; Rzhiminova A; Weber J; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow.; Sequence variation of HIV-1 env gene encoding the V3 loop in the former Soviet Union was investigated in 14 subjects parenterally infected with HIV-1 from Elista and Rostov, and 1 mother who became HIV-1 infected presumably via breastfeeding her HIV-positive daughter, and 7 adults infected by sexual transmission. All
Effect of virus load and sequence on HIV transmission.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):165 (abstract no. PO-A11-0182). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333611; Brown AJ; Zhang LQ; Robertson P; Cleland A; Holmes EC; Simmonds P; Centre for HIV Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.; OBJECTIVE: To identify the critical processes which influence the risk of HIV transmission from analysis of viral populations in recently infected patients. METHODS: HIV from plasma and PBMC samples from patients before seroconversion and their sexual contacts if appropriate, amplified by RNA- or DNA-PCR was quantifie
Seroprevalence to peptides representing the V3 apex region (HIV-1 PND) in Ugandans.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):165 (abstract no. PO-A11-0183). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333612; Giraldo G; Jansson M; Lukwiya M; Corti L; Sempala SD; Beth-Giraldo E; Greco D; 1st Naz Tumori Fond Pascale, Naples, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: To analyse whether there are HIV-1 V3 loop genotype variations between Northern Uganda and Kampala as well as genotype changes between 1987 and 1992. METHODS: Peptide ELISA was performed on 111 HIV-1+ Ugandan sera from hospital populations seen during 1987 and 1992 again
Serosurveillance programme evaluated for HIV-1 variation in Europe, Africa and the Caribbean.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):165 (abstract no. PO-A11-0181). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333613; de Wolf F; Zwart G; van Loon T; Bakker M; Valk M; Goudsmit J; Human Retrovirus Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; OBJECTIVE: To obtain insight into the variation of the HIV-1 V3 neutralization domain, necessary for the rational design of subunit) vaccines comprising this domain. METHODS: A serosurveillance programme was developed in which V3 variation of circulating viruses was measured by serological screening of serum samples u
V3 loop diversity in the cohort of patients with multiple transmissions of HIV-1 presumably originating from the same source.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):165 (abstract no. PO-A11-0185). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333614; Garaev MM; Cheingsong-Popov R; Bobkov A; Rzhaninova A; Pitman R; Weber J; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate HIV-1 V3 sequence diversity in the cohort of children infected after exposure to nonsterile needles in hospitals in the south of Russia . METHODS: Studied patients were infected by virus presumably originating from the same source. The transmission of virus fr
Anti-V3 reactivity in Brazilian HIV positive patients; differences with patients from other parts of the world.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):166 (abstract no. PO-A11-0192). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333615; Bonecini MG; Van Den Steen B; Vanderborght BO; Vanden Haesevelde M; DeLeys RJ; Sion FS; de S'a CA; Innogenetics, Gent, Belgium.; OBJECTIVE: To analyze anti-V3 reactivity of Brazilian, European and African sera on V3 sequences deduced from Brazilian patients which did not react with a selected set of V3 peptides, including the V3 consensus peptide. METHODS: Peptides were synthesized based on sequence analysis of nested PCR products from Brazilia
Characteristics of HIV-1 hemophilic isolates in Mexico.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):166 (abstract no. PO-A11-0190). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333616; Basualdo MC; Gudino JC; Gorbea MC; Soler C; Unidad de Investigacion en Retrovirus Humanos, Universidad Nacional; Autonoma de Mexico.; OBJECTIVE: This study reports the biological and molecular characterization of HIV 1 isolates from hemophilic Mexican patients. METHODS: Six P2C and one P2E staged, pediatric patients, with classic hemophilia and with anti-retroviral treatment were sampled for viral isolation. Isolates were studied for tropism, CPE an
Diversity of the V3 loop of the human immunodeficiency virus in Paris, France.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):166 (abstract no. PO-A11-0191). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333617; Chaix ML; Chappey C; Couillin I; Rosenbaum W; Levy JP; Saragosti S; ICGM, INSERM U363, Hopital COCHIN, Paris, France.; Large-scale seroepidemiological investigations on the principal neutralization determinant of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 located in the third variable region (V3), are capital for identifying and monitoring the distribution and spread of the different viral strains around the world. We report 97 V3 sequenc
Genetic subgroups of HIV-1 classified by PCR analysis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):166 (abstract no. PO-A11-0189). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333618; Pieniazek D; Kalish M; Ellenberger D; Ou CY; Schochetman G; Rayfield M; CDC, Atlanta, GA.; OBJECTIVE: To develop a PCR assay based on the consensus American/European and African gag/pol sequences to classify geographically distinct HIV-1 strains for molecular epidemiology studies. METHODS: More than 50 HIV-1 strains from USA, Brazil , Th
HLA haplotype sharing and concordance of AIDS in 90 hemophilic sibling pairs.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):166 (abstract no. PO-A11-0187). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333619; Kroner BL; Goedert JJ; Wilson SE; Carrington M; Mann DL; Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort and Hemophilia Growth & Development; Studies, RTI, NCI, ARC, PRI, Rockville, MD.; BACKGROUND: The major histocompatibility complex (HLA) contains immune response genes of interest to AIDS pathogenesis. We studied the effect of shared HLA haplotypes on AIDS hazard in 90 hemophilic sibling pairs. METHODS: From a Cox model of 1282 infected hemophiliacs we estimated expected AIDS hazards for each sib a
Identification of viral isolates involved in mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):166 (abstract no. PO-A11-0188). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333620; Narwa R; Roques P; Boussin F; Marce D; Dormont D; CEA, DSV/DPTE/SSA, Fontenay aux Roses, France.; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the selection of particular subspecies of mother s human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates during in utero transmission to the infant. METHODS: We characterized HIV-1 isolates involved in materno-foetal transmission by analyzing cell tropism and V3 sequences. Isolates were obtain
Analysis of env and vpu sequences from Tanzanian HIV-isolates reveals heterogenity of the principal neutralizing domain.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):167 (abstract no. PO-A11-0193). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333621; Siwka W; Schwinn A; Pardowitz I; Mhalu F; Shao J; Mbaga A; Institut fur Virologie, Wurzburg, Germany.; The majority of data relating to HIV genetic variability originates from European and North-American isolates. The known African HIV-isolates differ significantly from the Euro-American viruses and constitute a separate genetic entity. To gain a better understanding of the genetic variability of African HIVs we have a
PND sequencing of Italian HIV-isolates.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):167 (abstract no. PO-A11-0195). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333623; Butto S; Butteroni C; Franco M; Rossi GB; Verani P; Dept. of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.; OBJECTIVES: To determine the amino acidic sequence of HIV-1 PND in Italian isolates. METHODS: PBMCs from 15 HIV-1-infected Italian patients in different stages of disease, from asymptomatic to full-blown AIDS, were collected by conventional methods. Nucleotide sequence of the PND was determined after nested-PCR amplif
Cytopathic effect of HIV in T cell transfectants requires cytoplasmic and transmembrane regions of CD4 molecule.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):168 (abstract no. PO-A12-0204). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333627; Marshall WL; Finberg RW; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.; This laboratory has isolated and defined a series of three types of clones made by transfecting cDNA encoding CD4 into a T cell tumor, HSB-2, that is CD4/CD3/TCR negative. The first two clones were designated 1) GPiCD4 for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol GPi)-linked CD4 clone, and 2) HSBCD4 for a clone expressing low c
Ferritin downregulation in HIV-infected cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):168 (abstract no. PO-A12-0202). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333628; Ameglio F; Tilocca F; Arca MV; Alemanno L; Dolei A; Institute S. Gallicano, Rome, Italy.; Levels of serum ferritin are increased in AIDS patients in relation to the progression of the disease. In order to establish whether or not this in vivo increase is due to a direct effect of the virus on the infected cells, three HIV-permissive cell lines the CD4-positive epithelial HeLa-T4-6c and T lymphoblastoid C81
HIV-1 T cell infection by macrophages is regulated by cell surface structures that participate in the events of the normal immune response.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):168 (abstract no. PO-A12-0203). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333629; Mann D; Nalewaik R; Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, NCI-FCRDF, Frederick, MD 21702.; HLA class II molecules on monocyte/macrophages (m/m) present antigen to the T cell receptor (TCR) initiating the immune response cascade. In addition, other cell surface structures on m/m and T cells participate in this interaction. We sought to determine if these cell surface structures are involved in m/m to T cell
Isolates of HIV-I separated in Ukraine.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):168 (abstract no. PO-A12-0200). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333630; Frolov AF; Antonenko SV; Chentsova NP; Barbasheva EV; Gracheva MG; Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases,; Kiev, Ukraine.; 16 isolates HIV-I were received from mononuclear fraction of blood in patients with AIDS. It was shown that in basic properties (rates of reproduction in cell s culture, formation of syncytiums, floting density of virions and others), the isolates refered to slow/low type. Estimated propertie of isolates corellates wi
Role for oxygen radicals in the self-sustained HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages; enhanced HIV-1 replication by N-acetyl-L-cysteine.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):168 (abstract no. PO-A12-0199). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333631; Nottet HS; van Asbeck BS; de Graaf L; de Vos NM; Visser MR; Verhoef J; Eijkman-Winkler Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Utrecht, The; Netherlands.; N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) has been proposed as a therapeutic agent in AIDS because it reduces HIV-1 replication in stimulated T cells, but little is known about its action in monocyte-derived macrophages. The anti-HIV activity seems to be a property of the oxygen-radical scavenging capacity of its thiol group. Superox
Stimulation of complement receptors on HIV-infected monocytes induces nuclear translocation of NF kappa B and enhances viral replication.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):168 (abstract no. PO-A12-0201). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333632; Thieblemont N; Haeffner-Cavaillon N; Kazatchkine MD; INSERM U 28, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.; Peripheral blood and tissue mononuclear phagocytes express the complement receptors CR1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18). We have used: (1) normal cultured human monocytes; (2) chronically HIV-1 infected promonocytic lines THP-1 and U937 that were infected with HIV-1 or -2. Stimulation of complement receptors on infected c
A study of TNF-mediated apoptosis in HIV-infected U937 cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):169 (abstract no. PO-A12-0208). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333633; Malorni W; Rivabene R; Iosi F; Paradisi S; Santini MT; Donelli G; Dept. of Ultrastructures, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.; Several lines of evidence suggest that most immunological and nonimmunological defects leading to AIDS could be related to an activation-induced suicide process caused by an indirect interference of HIV with certain cellular processes including intercellular signalling and intracellular trafficking. To investigate the
Correlation of expression of host cellular cytokines with RT activity of HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):169 (abstract no. PO-A12-0205). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333634; Lightfoote MM; FDA, OST, Division of Life Sciences, Rockville, Maryland.; Comparisons in expression of cytokines from HIV infected T cells can be used to predict the effect of HIV on normal host cell proteins. DNA and RNA were prepared from uninfected CD 4+ T cells, infected T cells and a chronically infected hybridoma cell line. Hybridization of probes of
Downregulation of HIV-1 expression by the transcription factor YY1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):169 (abstract no. PO-A12-0210). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333635; Margolis D; Somasundaran M; Shi Y; Green M; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.; The transcriptional activity of HIV-1 is affected by many lymphoid cellular factors. Two factors, NFAT-1 and LBP, appear to downregulate HIV-1 LTR expression. We noted homologies in the DNA binding sequence of YY1, a multifunctional factor known to regulate diverse promoters such as those of the human K light chain an
HIV-1 replication can be increased in blood from seropositive patients following influenza immunization.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):169 (abstract no. PO-A12-0209). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333637; O'Brien WA; Ovcak S; Kalhor H; Mao SH; Zack JA; Department of Medicine, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, CA.; Symptoms of AIDS typically occur many years following acute infection. Factors which influence the duration of this clinical latency remain poorly defined, however, in vitro activation of HIV-infected CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages can markedly increase virus production. To determine if cell activation by influenza
HIV1 infection of macrophages results in modulation of fibronectin and alpha 5 beta 1 integrin biosynthesis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):169 (abstract no. PO-A12-0207). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333638; Asselot-Chapel C; Salvat S; Clayette P; Leblond V; Raoul H; Mabondzo A; Lafuma C; Dormont D; CEA/DSV/DPTE/SSA, Fontenay aux Roses, France.; Fibronectin, a glycoprotein found in extracellular matrix as well as in plasma, may regulate cell adhesion and anchorage at restricted sites. Cell adhesion to fibronectin is mediated by beta 1 integrin receptors of which the alpha 5 beta 1. Fibronectin secreted by cells involved in immune response may act as an adhesi
Calcium ions and human cell components are required for cell fusion mediated by the CD4-HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein interaction.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):17 (abstract no. WS-A01-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333639; Dimitrov DS; Broder CC; Berger EA; Blumenthal R; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.; To examine the role of calcium ions and human cell components for cell fusion mediated by interactions between CD4 and the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120-gp41), we used cells, expressing gp120-gp41 and its receptor CD4, each encoded by recombinant vaccinia viruses. Fusion was measured by counting the number of syn
Cleavage of the GR*AFV sequence of gp120 results in a predicted conformational change leading to tighter CD4 binding.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):17 (abstract no. WS-A01-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333640; Mitchell WM; Gabriel JL; Dept. of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.; The highly conserved sequence, GPGR, which occurs at the midpoint of the V3 loop is essential for HIV infectivity although it is not directly involved in viral binding to the CD4 receptor. Hydrolysis of the RA peptide bond is required for the viral envelope-plasma membrane fusion process and appears to occur after CD4
Extensive and fundamental investigations of how humoral immunity blocks HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):17 (abstract no. WS-A01-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333641; Layne SP; Merges MJ; Spouge JL; Gelderblom HR; Nara PL; UCLA Medical Center.; Over the past four years, we have conducted extensive biological, biochemical and physical studies of how polyclonal human sera, monoclonal immunoglobulins and soluble CD4 block infection by HIV-1 and HIV-2. Our goals were to: 1) determine what constitutes a relevant neutralization reaction; 2) determine whether such
HIV infection of spermatozoa: an in vitro model.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):17 (abstract no. WS-A02-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333642; Lee MH; Hsu MY; Javier BJ; Ly H; Scofield VL; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Harbor-UCLA Medical Center,; Torrance.; Sperm from normal donors were co-cultured with the HIV-infected ACH-2 T cell line, separated from the cells at sequential intervals (0-20 hr) and tested (1) for HIV RNA and DNA by PCR, or 2) for infectivity in normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by antigen-capture ELISA assays. Prior to PCR amplific
The SIVmac "V3" region is important for cell tropism and cooperates with the C4 domain in virus entry.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):17 (abstract no. WS-A01-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333643; Kirchhoff F; Morrison HG; Desrosiers RC; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School,; Southborough, MA 01772-9102.; The V3 domain of HIV-1 is highly variable and has been shown to be important for cell tropism and virus entry into cells. Antibodies directed against the V3 loop of HIV-1 can neutralize virus infectivity. The corresponding region within the SIVmac gp120 is not as consistently variable and antibodies to SIVmac strain 2
V3 loop binding protein from cellular membrane fractions of Molt-4 cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):17 (abstract no. WS-A01-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333644; Hattori T; Murakami T; Uchiyama T; Lab. for AIDS Immunol. Res. Center for Immunodeficiency Virus, Kyoto; University, Japan.; V3 loop peptides derived from two HIV-1 strains, HTLV-III BH-10 V3-BH10) and LAV(ELI) (V3-ELI), were synthesized and biotinylated. The binding of both biotinylated V3-BH10 and V3-ELI to the surfaces of MOLT-4 clone 8 cells was demonstrated by flow cytometric analyses. Both the peptides (more than 2 microM) bound to th
Cytokine profiles in HIV infected intestinal mucosa.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):170 (abstract no. PO-A13-0213). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333645; McGowan I; Radford-Smith G; Keshav S; Jewell DP; Department of Gastroenterology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford.; OBJECTIVE: Dysregulation of cytokine production has been implicated in AIDS pathogenesis and this study aimed to see whether such dysregulation occurs in the intestinal mucosa. METHODS: RNA was extracted from 28 gut biopsies (21 duodenal, 7 rectal) obtained from 28 HIV infected patients (14 with pathogen negative diar
Increased rate of death by apoptosis in vitro in cells isolated from patients with HIV-1 disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):170 (abstract no. PO-A13-0215). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333646; Pandolfi F; Oliva A; Rainaldi L; Mezzaroma I; Pierdominici M; Aiuti F; Department of Allergy and Clin. Immunol., La Sapienza University,; Rome, Italy.; PBMC from 51 HIV+ patients were cultured for 3 days in control medium. Viable cells at day three were counted in a cytofluorimeter after staining with ethidium bromide. HIV+ patients had a mortality rate (MR) of 30.1% as compared to 9.5% in normal controls (P
IFNg-production level prognostic value in HIV-infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):170 (abstract no. PO-A13-0212). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333647; Osna N; Duk A; Ivanova N; Andreew S; Levitskaja E; Veksler H; Latvian Medical Academy, Riga.; The aim of this study is investigation of IFNg-production role in pathogenesis of HIV-infection. In dynamics there were examined II patients; IFNg-induction was performed by PHA and HIV-peptides with or without rIL-2. IFNg-genesis in suboptimal conditions after rIL-2 or PHA, 24 hours of stimulation) was found before c
Soluble TNF receptors regulate HIV replication in vitro and may serve as surrogate markers for disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):170 (abstract no. PO-A12-0211). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333648; Matear PM; Weller IV; Loveday C; Bodmer M; Gallati H; Vyakarnam A; Academic Department of GU Medicine, University College London, U.K.; AIM: To determine the relationship between TNF and soluble receptors specific for TNF (sTNF-R s) in HIV replication. RESULTS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from seronegative volunteers were infected with HIV-IIIB and cultured in the presence and absence of recombinant sTNF-R1 (p55) and sTNF-R2 (p75) with a
Stimulation of HIV replication in mononuclear phagocytes by leukemia inhibitory factor.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):170 (abstract no. PO-A13-0214). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333649; Broor S; Kausari A; Zhang B; Seth P; Richman DD; Carson DA; AIIMS, New Delhi, India.; This study examined the effects of leukemia inhibitory factor LIF) on HIV replication in mononuclear phagocytes (MNP). LIF induced a dose-dependent increase in p24 antigen production in the chronically infected promonocytic cell line U1. The magnitude and time kinetics of the LIF effects were similar to IL-1, IL-6 and
Tumor necrosis factor binding protein-1 (TBP-1) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) modulate induction of HIV-1 replication in a chronically-infected monoblastoid cell line U1).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):170 (abstract no. PO-A13-0216). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333650; Granowitz E; Wang M; Dinarello C; Skolnik P; Department of Medicine, Tufts University-New England Medical Center,; Boston, MA.; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor TNF) and the antagonist cytokines IL-1Ra and TBP-1 affect HIV-1 replication in a chronically-infected monoblastoid cell line U1). METHODS: U1 cells were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, or IL-1 beta in the presence of
Evaluation of cytokine expression in lymph nodes of HIV-infected individuals by RNA in situ hybridization.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):171 (abstract no. PO-A13-0218). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333652; Reka S; Garro ML; Kotler DP; St Luke's-Roosevelt Hosp., Columbia U, New York, NY.; OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown higher burdens of latently and productively infected lymphoid cells from lymph nodes (LN) than from blood (PNAS 1991;88:9838). Possible cytokine modulation of HIV production in LN was studied by RNA in situ hybridization. METHODS: Surgically excised LN from 4 controls and 11 HIV+ subjects
Interferon-gamma blocks HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in human colon epithelial cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):171 (abstract no. PO-A13-0221). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333653; Fantini J; Yahi N; de Micco P; INSERM U270, Marseille, France.; OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of recombinant interferon gamma IFN gamma) on the replicative cycle of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in human colon epithelial cells (HT29). METHODS: 1) HT29 cells were pretreated for 18 hr with various concentrations of IFN gamma 10-1000 U/ml) and subsequently exposed to HIV-1 (LAI or NDK) and HIV-2
Interferon-gamma-activated monocytes impair infectivity of HIV particles by an oxygen metabolite-dependent reaction.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):171 (abstract no. PO-A13-0222). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333654; Ennen J; Kurth R; Paul-Ehrlich Institut, Langen, Germany.; Mononuclear phagocytes generate microbicidal oxygen metabolites spontaneously and after phagocytic stimulation by a NADPH-dependent enzymatic reaction called the oxidative burst. The spontaneous release of reactive oxygen radicals and intermediates (ROI) increases five to eight-fold after treatment of monocytes with t
Stem cell factor and IL-3 stimulate vitro growth of erythroid progenitor cells from HIV+ patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):171 (abstract no. PO-A13-0219). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333655; Weinberg RS; Chusid ED; Galperin Y; Cheung T; Sacks H; Mount Sinai Medical Center, N.Y., N.Y.; PURPOSE: To determine if stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-3 IL-3) can prevent inhibition of in vitro erythropoiesis by AZT , ddI or d4T . METHODS: AZT, ddI or d4T with/without SCF
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulates bi-directional production of HIV-1 in polarized human colon epithelial cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):171 (abstract no. PO-A13-0220). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333656; Yahi N; de Micco P; Fantini J; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de la Timone, Marseille, France.; OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of TNF-alpha on the replication and polarity of HIV-1 production in gastrointestinal epithelial cells (HT29). METHODS: Undifferentiated HT29 cells chronically infected with HIV-1 (isolates IIIB and NDK) were treated with TNF-alpha (0.1-100 U/ml) for 48 hr. At the end of the incubation, H
Coordinate induction of IFN-alpha and -gamma and of other lymphokines by soluble gp120.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):172 (abstract no. PO-A13-0226). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333657; Capobianchi MR; Ameglio F; Ankel H; Castilletti C; Mercuri F; Fais S; Dianzani F; Institute of Virology, La Sapienza, Rome.; Similarly to HIV infected cells, recombinant HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 induces in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells the production of a number of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1 alpha and beta, TNF alpha and acid-labile interferon. Acid lability of this interferon is due to the presence of both IFN-alpha and gamm
Effect of TNF synthesis inhibitor, RP 55778, on TNF production and viral replication in human monocytes infected with HIV-1 primary isolates.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):172 (abstract no. PO-A13-0227). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333658; Le Naour R; Clayette P; Henin Y; Mabondzo A; Raoul H; Bousseau A; Dormont D; SSA, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of RP 55778 to inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) production in culture supernatants of monocytotropic HIV-1 primary isolate (HIV-1/DAS, HIV-1/PAR and HIV-1/THI) infected human monocytes. METHODS: Fresh human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) were obtained from healthy HIV-1 seroneg
Endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in plasma is elevated in HIV-1 infected patients with retinal microangiopathic syndrome.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):172 (abstract no. PO-A13-0224). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333659; Goebel FD; Rolinski B; Geier SA; Sadri I; Bogner JR; Ehrenreich H; Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Munich, Germany.; OBJECTIVE: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a recently identified cytokine with potent vasoconstrictor activity associated with various diseases involving blood vessels. HIV-1 related retinal microangiopathic syndrome is a frequent finding in patients with AIDS or ARC presenting predominantly with retinal cotton-wool spots. It
HIV-1 induces interferon alpha in blood dendritic cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):172 (abstract no. PO-A13-0223). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333660; Ferbas J; Rinaldo C; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, University of Pittsburgh, PA.; Production of IFN alpha has been proposed to be an in vitro correlate of HIV-1 disease progression. The cellular origin of this cytokine, however, has not been conclusively determined. Initial experiments, which used negative selection and enrichment techniques, suggested that HLA-DR+ null cells produced the majority
MacCytokine: an interactive, user-friendly computer data base on the cytokines.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):172 (abstract no. PO-A13-0228). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333661; Sato H; Peterfy M; Weinstein JN; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, Md.; OBJECTIVES: (i) To develop an interactive, graphics-interfaced data base of information on cytokines pertinent to the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of AIDS; (ii) Use methods from nonparametric statistical prediction and artificial intelligence (i.e., neural networks) to test hypotheses about interactions
Modulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis in HIV-infected, cytokine stimulated human macrophages (M/M).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):172 (abstract no. PO-A13-0225). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333662; Rocchi G; Milanese G; Bergamini A; Perno CF; Capozzi M; Salanitro A; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of HIV infection on IL-6 production in M/M stimulated or not with M-CSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood derived M/M were purified by adherence on plastic flask and cultivated for 7 days in the absence or presence of 1000 U/ml M-CSF. On day 7, M/M were exposed to
Autocrine expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and NF-kB play a central role in the ability of HIV to replicate in U937 promonocytic cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):173 (abstract no. PO-A13-0229). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333663; Biswas P; Poli G; Franzoso G; Siebenlist U; Fauci AS; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of endogenous TNF-alpha and the transcription factor NF-kB during the acute replicative phase of HIV in U937 promonocytic cells. METHODS: U937 promonocytic cell clones were obtained by limiting dilution and infected with HIV. HIV transcription and NF-kB activation were investigated b
Cytokine secretion pattern in homosexual and narcotics-using HIV positive patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):173 (abstract no. PO-A13-0234). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333664; Baumgarten R; Hintsche B; Bellmann G; Prummer O; Porzsolt F; Volk D; von Baehr R; Medical Division II/Infection, Prenzlauer Berg Hospital.; The TH-1 phase of the immune reaction is reported to be accompanied by a raised activation of CD8 cells which is probably associated with interleukin-2. It is regarded as the prognostically more favorable reaction for HIV progression. We investigated this hypothesis in 45 persons (10 homosexuals, 15 narcotics-using HI
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) induction of HIV expression in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells is independent of the activation of NF-kB and is blocked by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):173 (abstract no. PO-A13-0230). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333665; Kinter AL; Poli G; Weissman D; Fauci AS; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of IL-1 as a regulator of HIV expression in chronically infected U1 cells in which virus expression is modulated by cytokines. METHODS: HIV expression in U1 cells was studied by reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, Northern blot, nuclear run-on, and LTR-CAT transfection analyses. Bin
Peptide T immunomodulation: inhibition of TNF alpha.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):173 (abstract no. PO-A13-0232). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333666; Phipps DJ; Doob PR; MacFadden DK; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.; OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of Peptide T immunomodulation on TNF alpha in vitro. METHODS: Peptide T, diluted in RPMI, was used at 10(-9)M unless indicated. Cytotoxicity of 3H-thymidine labelled K562 cells, detected by release of radiolabel into culture supernatants, was used as a measure of macrophage and TNF a
Serological factors--predictors in the progression of HIV-infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):173 (abstract no. PO-A13-0233). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333667; Kenarova B; Brankova J; Vladimirova R; Plochev K; Centre of Immunology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.; OBJECTIVE: 23 HIV-infected patients in different stages of the malady and 20 healthy persons were studied about the levels of some immunologically determined factors in the serum. METHODS: The level of immunoglobulins of types IgG, IgA and IgM was assessed by the method of immunodiffusion in gel. (Mancini). The solubl
Evaluation of cytokine production in whole blood cultures as a surrogate marker of disease progression in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):174 (abstract no. PO-A13-0235). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333669; Froebel KS; Innes DA; Hamilton B; De Groote D; HIV Immunology Unit, University Department of Medicine, Royal; Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.; The aim of this study was to determine whether a whole blood culture method of cytokine production could be used as a surrogate marker of disease progression in HIV. Whole blood was diluted 1:10 in RPMI medium and cultured with maximally stimulating concentrations of PHA and LPS. Supernatants were removed at 24 and 72
Interferon and interferon-inducers in augmentation of efficiency inhibiting HIV reproduction in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):174 (abstract no. PO-A13-0240). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333670; Narovlyansky AN; Amchenkova AM; Cheknev SB; Pokidysheva LN; Alimov EG; Yershov FI; Gamaleya Institute for Epidemiology & Microbiology RAMS, Moscow,; Russia.; It had been shown in our previous investigation that interferon IFN)-inducers were able to change a cell sensitivity to IFN action. Pretreatment of HIV infected cells of MT-4 line with ridostine and germanium organic compound decreased a dose of IFN-alpha needed for a complete inhibition of HIV replication. As another
Tumor necrosis factor and eicosanoid production from monocytes infected with HIV in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):174 (abstract no. PO-A13-0239). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333673; Skot J; Kabrit P; Hansen JE; Nielsen JO; Arendrup M; Lundgren JD; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.; OBJECTIVE: Investigate changes in production of inflammatory mediators (TNF and eicosanoid (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4)) from human monocytes infected with HIV in vitro. METHODS: Monocytes were separated from healthy blood donors, and infected with different doses of HIV (JC10). TNF levels in sup
Up-regulation of CD4 expression by GM-CSF on primary monocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):174 (abstract no. PO-A13-0237). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333674; Graziani G; Filion LG; Conway B; Izaguirre CA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medicine, University of; Ottawa, Canada.; CD4 is expressed on T lymphocytes and monocytes. CD4 on T lymphocytes is constitutively expressed but it is not known if CD4 expression on monocytes is modulated. Our study focused on the expression of CD4 on monocytes throughout our isolation procedure and to determine if GM-CSF, M-CSF or LPS could upregulate CD4 exp
Beta-endorphin and lymphokines in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):175 (abstract no. PO-A13-0241). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333675; Barcellini W; Borghi MO; Fain C; Rizzardi GP; Sacerdote P; Panerai A; Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Milan, Italy.; Recent data suggests that neuropeptides play a role in the regulation of the immune response; changes in the neuropeptide content of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) are reported in immune deficiency states. In addition, peripheral blood lymphocytes produce POMC-derived peptides in response to CRH and Newcastl
Comparative study of rIFN alpha and yeast tRNA influence on NK-cell activity.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):175 (abstract no. PO-A13-0244). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333676; Verhatskaya AA; Zavelevich MP; Kalachnjuk LI; Matsuka GCh; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kiev, Ukraine.; When suspension of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with hepatitis B is treated with interferon (IFN) or some synthetic polynucleotides the increase of NK-cell activity is observed. We have shown that application of yeast tRNA with this aim in view had resulted in drastic augmentation of NK-ce
CD4+ T lymphocytes negatively regulate interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity by inducing the secretion of IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1 RA) by monocytes from HIV-infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):175 (abstract no. PO-A13-0245). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333677; Weiss L; Haeffner-Cavaillon N; Kazatchkine MD; INSERM U28, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.; We have previously shown that peripheral blood monocytes from HIV-infected patients constitutively produce IL-1 alpha and beta AIDS, 1989, 3, 695). In the present study, we observed that monocytes from HIV+ donors cultured in the presence of autologous T lymphocytes release less IL-1 activity (as assessed by a comitog
High serum levels of TNF-alpha in HIV-1-infected patients with euthyroid sick syndrome.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):175 (abstract no. PO-A13-0246). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333678; Belec L; Meillet D; Vohito MD; Hernvann A; Gherardi R; Laboratoire de Virologie, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between circulating TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and thyroid function tests in HIV1-infected individuals. METHODS: 40 (mean age: 30.1 ys; 17 women) HIV1-infected African patients [18 had slim disease related to opportunistic infection or neoplasia; 15 had HIV wasting syndrome ; 7 wer
Interleukin-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in various stages of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):175 (abstract no. PO-A13-0243). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333679; Perrella O; Liguori G; Precchia E; Patarino T; Marinelli P; Finelli L; III Dept. (1/2) D.Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze interleukin-4 IL-4) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in various stages of HIV infection. METHODS: We studied 20 patients, HIV Ab+, classified as CDC II (n = 9), as CDC IV cl (n = 11) according to the criteria of Centers for Disease Control. 20 healthy b
IL-1 production by human monocytes in the course of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):175 (abstract no. PO-A13-0242). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333680; Szkaradkiewicz A; Juszczyk J; Institute of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Academy,; Poznan, Poland.; The study was performed to evaluate IL-1 production by human peripheral blood monocytes in asymptomatic HIV carriers and in patients with clinically apparent HIV infection, diagnosed as PGL or ARC. The spontaneous and LPS-stimulated release of the cytokine was studied. IL-1 was assayed using ConA thymocyte co-activati
HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-2 secretion in activated T-cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):176 (abstract no. PO-A13-0251). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333681; Westendorp MO; Li-Weber M; Krammer PH; Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.; Dysregulation of cytokines secreted by T-cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. To investigate the effects of HIV-1 Tat on Il-2 expression we used Il-2 promoter-CAT constructs and Il-2 secreting Jurkat cells as a model system. Transient expression of HIV-1 Tat induced a 5 to 8-fold increase in I
Increased TNFa secretion in MNC of HIV patients--a marker for disease progression?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):176 (abstract no. PO-A13-0249). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333682; Kojouharoff G; Reiter A; Stamm S; Gallati H; Helm EB; Rossol R; Hoelzer D; Dept. Hematology, University Clinic of Frankfurt, Germany.; TNF is involved in the pathogenesis of AIDS by induction of viral replication, activation of immune cells, helper cell depletion, and cachexia. To investigate the relevance of TNF secretion for disease progression we measured by Elisa TNFa levels in supernatants (SN) of unstimulated and LPS-induced mononuclear cells (
Molecular mechanisms of cytokine effects on HIV mRNA expression in human monocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):176 (abstract no. PO-A13-0250). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333683; Naif H; Shon MH; Chang J; Cunningham T; Virology Dept. Westmead Hospital, National Centre for HIV Research,; Sydney, Australia.; HIV-1 can productively infect mononuclear phagocytes derived from blood, bone marrow, brain and lung. The effects of IL-4 and TNF-alpha on HIV-1 infected monocytes were investigated. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) upregulated the expression of HIV mRNA within the first two days after infection of purified human monocytes and U9
Procysteine inhibits TNF-alpha induced HIV production in U1 cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):176 (abstract no. PO-A13-0248). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333684; Chen P; Schwartz D; Dept. of Imunol. and Infect. Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene; and Public Health, Baltimore, MD.; White blood cells and extracellular fluid from HIV infected individuals have been shown to be deficient in reduced glutathione (GSH). GSH is the most abundant intracellular thiol and serves as an antioxidant, protecting cells from endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds as well as ionizing radiation and oxidative str
Soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-R): expression, shedding and correlation to the course of HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):176 (abstract no. PO-A13-0252). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333686; Kalinkovich A; Burstein R; Belenki D; Livshits G; Wallach D; Bentwich Z; Kaplan Hospital, Hebrew University Medical School, Weizmann Institute; of Science, Rehovot, Israel.; OBJECTIVE: Determine expression and release of type I (p55) and type II (p75) sTNF-R by PBMC of HIV-1 infected patients and correlate them to the course of the infection. METHODS: Expression and levels of both sTNF-R were determined by flow cytometry and by specific ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: HIV infection and prog
gamma-Interferon and HIV-1 TAT synergize in modifying human neuroblast differentiation by changing integrin expression and ECM protein recognition.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):177 (abstract no. PO-A14-0258). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333687; Cornaglia-Ferraris P; Ratti P; Rozzo C; Pediatric Oncology Res. Lab., G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Genoa,; Italy.; A characterization of integrins expression has been carried out on LAN-5 human neuroblastoma (NB) cell line by means of Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoprecipitation. We evaluated the expression of the alpha 6 subunit isoforms (alpha 6A and alpha 6B), the alpha v subunit and the alph
Delayed virus release and structural changes of HTLV-I tax expressing C8166 cells by HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):177 (abstract no. PO-A14-0256). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333688; Ongradi J; Laird HM; Szilagyi JF; Inst. Microbiol., Semmelweis Med. Univ., Budapest, Hungary.; Contradictions between tax activation in C8166 CD4+ T lymphocytes and moderate HIV-1 production were resolved by improving culture conditions and scanning cell morphology by electron microscopy. Replacing RPMI by MEM with higher Ca(++)-content and neutral pH maintained steady HIV-1 production with a second peak, when
Human neuroblasts adhere to HIV-1 TAT 46-60 basic peptide.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):177 (abstract no. PO-A14-0257). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333689; Rozzo C; Morerio C; Ratti P; Cornaglia-Ferraris P; Pediatric Oncology Research Laboratory, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa,; Italy.; The HIV-1 TAT protein is secreted by HIV-1 infected cells and can be internalyzed by non-infected surrounding cells. We investigated the possible interaction of TAT protein with neural cells. Two human neuroblastoma cell lines (GI-CA-N and LAN-5) were cultured on plastic surfaces previously coated with two different H
HIV-1 gp41 binding to the human B cell line Raji.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):177 (abstract no. PO-A14-0254). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333690; Chen YH; Bock G; Vornhagen R; Steindl F; Katinger H; Dierich MP; We characterized the putative binding of HIV-1 gp41 to the B cell line Raji. Using FACS we examined the binding of soluble gp41 sgp41; Env aa539-684). Using sgp41-sepharose Raji cell lysates were absorbed. The sgp41-eluate from Raji cell lysates could inhibit the sgp41-binding to Raji cells. On SDS-PAGE gels of Raji-s
HIV-1 interaction with the membrane of CD4+ cells induces the nuclear translocation of 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):177 (abstract no. PO-A14-0255). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333691; Furlini G; Re MC; Vignoli M; Gibellini D; Zauli G; La Placa M; Institute of Microbiology, University of Bologna, Italy.; Heat shock proteins (hsp) or stress proteins, are involved in protecting cells from the deleterious effects of heat and other stresses and perform various normal cellular roles. In mammalian cells, there is evidence to suggest that hsp70 is involved in the transport of proteins to lysosomes, mitochondria and the nuc
Altered expression of CD28 and the B7 counter receptor in HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):178 (abstract no. PO-A14-0260). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333693; Haffar OK; Smithgall MD; Bradshaw J; Linsley PS; Dept. of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, Seattle, WA 98121.; OBJECTIVES: To study the role of the HIV-1 virus in modulating the function of CD4+ T lymphocytes, and to analyze the process of virus induction from latently infected cells. METHODS: Uninfected and HIV-1 infected primary T cell lines used in this study, were generated by allostimulation of CD4+ T cells isolated from
Clinical, biological and molecular characteristics of a novel HIV-2 isolate, HIV-2 Hom.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):178 (abstract no. PO-A14-0261). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333694; Jahn G; Nick S; Diniz A; Born G; Sauter M; Pees HW; Muller-Lantzsch N; Institut fur Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Universitat; Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany.; A new HIV-2 isolate (HIV-2Hom) was isolated from a German individual most likely infected in West Africa about twenty years ago. The virus was cultivated from both, the plasma and the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patient by using OKT-3 stimulated cord blood lymphocytes. The recovered viruses could be further pr
Function of the antigen presenting cells (APC) in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):178 (abstract no. PO-A14-0262). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333695; Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y; Iwasaki M; Takebe Y; Mizuochi T; Takemori T; Dept. of Immunol., National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan.; AIM: To study whether the function of APCs is affected by HIV infection or the viral products. METHODS AND RESULTS: We have established a human B cell transfectant, ARH5.5, which highly express mouse MHC class II gene (I-A(k)). The APC function of ARH5.5 was evaluated by measuring the amount of
HIV-induced syncytia formation in human monocytes/macrophages: a microcinematographic study.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):178 (abstract no. PO-A14-0259). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333696; von Briesen H; Sander U; Andreesen R; Rubsamen-Waigmann H; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/M., Germany.; A culture system for HIV infection of primary human monocytes/macrophages (MO/MAC) on hydrophobic Teflon membranes has been established. The maximum virus production is reached between day 20 and 30 after in vitro infection with the monocytotropic HIV-1 isolate D117III and remains at a high level over several weeks. S
Interactions between HIV-infected monocytes and endothelial cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):178 (abstract no. PO-A14-0263). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333697; Dhawan S; Soderland C; Asthana S; Toro LA; Yamada S; Yamada KM; Meltzer MS; Dept. Cell. Immunol., Walter Reed Army Inst. Res., Washington, DC.; Adhesion of blood leukocytes to vascular endothelium is an essential step in a variety of pathophysiologic processes. Such interactions are mediated by adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells. HIV-infected monocytes expressed enhanced levels of LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3, and increased adhesiveness to micr
Organ-specific differences in populations of HIV-1 env sequence variants in vivo.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):178 (abstract no. PO-A14-0264). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333698; Donaldson Y; Rebus S; Bell J; Brown AL; Simmonds P; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh, UK.; The populations of HIV sequence variants in (1) different organs and (2) different regions of the same organ were compared to explore whether specific local populations reflect differences in cell tropism or arise as a consequence of the dynamics of HIV spread throughout the body. HIV proviral DNA was extracted from v
Cellular HIV-1 latency in vitro and in vivo: expanding molecular models for proviral persistence.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):179 (abstract no. PO-A14-0268). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333699; Seshamma T; Bagasra O; Pomerantz RJ; Div. of Inf. Dis., Thomas Jefferson Univ., Philadelphia, PA.; HIV-1 infection is characterized by a prolonged variable period of clinical asymptomatic infection, sometimes lasting over 10 years. This clinically latent period may be based, in part on the development of cells which maintain HIV-1 in a state of quiescence. We and others have demonstrated models of HIV-1 proviral la
Induction of apoptotic gene by HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):179 (abstract no. PO-A14-0267). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333700; Kobayashi N; Nakanishi Y; Dept. of Virology and Parasitology, Yamaguchi Univ., Japan.; OBJECTIVE: We have proposed the hypothesis (Virus Genes, 4, 183, 1990, AIDS 5, 1405, 1991) that Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) most possibly involved in the progression of AIDS. We found that TNF augment HIV replication (Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 79, 156, 1988, Med. Microbiol. Immunol, 177, 181, 1988, J. Virol. 63, 2504, 1989)
Persistent plasma viremia in acute and early chronic HIV-1 infection: implications for natural history and pathogenesis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):179 (abstract no. PO-A14-0265). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333701; Piatak M Jr; Clark S; Yang L; Saag M; Shaw G; Lifson J; Genelabs Incorporated, Redwood City, CA.; Early and progressive development of immune abnormalities during the asymptomatic period that typically follows primary HIV-1 infection and seroconversion, when conventional assays provide little evidence of active viral replication, has been a central paradox of HIV disease. We longitudinally studied six patients for
Quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) demonstrates high levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):179 (abstract no. PO-A14-0266). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333702; Lifson J; Saag M; Yang L; Kappes J; Shaw G; Piatak M Jr; Genelabs Incorporated, Redwood City, CA.; Using QC-PCR methods to overcome limitations in the basic PCR that make it non-optimal for quantitative applications, we quantified plasma virus levels in 66 patients representing all stages of HIV-1 infection (CDC Stages 1-IVC1), with parallel analysis by standard and immune complex dissociated p24 antigen assays and
Relationship of HIV-1 provirus load and T suppressor cells and HIV-1 envelope specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HIV seropositive asymptomatic individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):179 (abstract no. PO-A14-0269). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333703; Kundu SK; Merigan TC; Center for AIDS Research, Stanford University, California.; INTRODUCTION: HIV infection progresses from a prolonged asymptomatic phase to an immunocompromised state. Three possible mechanisms underlying immune dysfunction are increased HIV load, increased T suppressor (Ts) cells, and/or decreased HIV specific CTL activity. METHODS: We have assessed the quantitative HIV-1 provi
The immunosuppressive peptide of HIV-1: functional domains and binding to lymphocyte surface proteins.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):179 (abstract no. PO-A14-0270). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333704; Denner J; Vogel T; Norley S; Ennen J; Kurth R; Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany.; The mechanism of immunosuppression by HIV-1 and the pathogenic sequence(s) of the virus are largely unknown. In previous studies we had shown that a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acid domain 583-599 of the transmembrane protein gp41 of HIV-1 ISU-peptide) has two biological activities: First, it is immun
DNA sequence analysis identifies regions likely responsible for neurotropism of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):18 (abstract no. WS-A02-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333705; Rolfs A; Weber I; Dept. of Neurology, Free Univ. of Berlin, Germany.; The human immunodeficiency virus-I (HIV-I) can be detected in the brain tissue of most HIV-1 patients, most frequently in macrophages, but also in glial and endothelial cells. It is unclear whether variations in nerve structures of whether different strains of HIV-I have different tropisms for neural tissue and macrop
Herpesvirus saimiri transformed T cell lines--a new permissive system for HIV-1 and HIV-2.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):18 (abstract no. WS-A02-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333706; Nick S; Fickenscher H; Biesinger B; Jahn G; Fleckenstein B; Institut fur Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Erlangen, Germany.; Since HIV isolates from asymptomatic individuals or clinical isolates often fail to replicate on conventional T cell lines, new culture systems are of urgent need. Human T lymphocytes are readily transformed to continuous growth by Herpesvirus (H.) saimiri subgroup C strains. Immortalized cells express the phenotype o
Mechanism of infection of blood-derived macrophages with HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):18 (abstract no. WS-A02-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333707; Bolmont C; de Mareuil J; Schmidtmayerova H; Baillon J; Chermann JC; Hirsch I; INSERM U322, Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et maladies; Associees, Marseille, France.; OBJECTIVE: To elucidate differences in mechanism of infection of blood-derived macrophages (BDM) with macrophage-tropic and T-lymphotropic HIV-1 viruses. METHODS: Virus entry and nuclear transport of HIV-1 in BDM were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Universal provirus cassette was constructed by PCR direct
Retroviral infection of nondividing cells: molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 nuclear targeting.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):18 (abstract no. WS-A02-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333708; Bukrinsky M; Haggerty S; Stevenson M; Shapiro I; Goldfarb D; Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.; Integration of the retroviral genome with cellular DNA and establishment of the provirus is an essential step in retrovirus replication. Integration requires targeting of the viral preintegration complex to host cell DNA and is, therefore, dependent on transport of this complex to the nucleus of the host cell. Analysi
Spontaneous and CD4-induced dissociation of gp120 correlate with biological activity of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):18 (abstract no. WS-A02-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333709; Peden K; Martin M; Willey R; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda.; Mutations in gp120 and gp41 previously shown to confer an enhanced replicative capacity and broadened host range to the ELI1 strain of HIV-1 were analyzed for their biochemical effects on envelope structure. The propensity of purified virions to release their extracellular gp120 component, either spontaneously or afte
The HIV-1 RRE contributes to cell-type specific viral tropism.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):18 (abstract no. WS-A02-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333710; Dayton E; Konings D; Lim S; Hsu R; Butini L; Pantaleo G; Dayton AI; National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda.; OBJECTIVES: To ascertain whether the RRE, the target sequence for the HIV-1 Rev protein, can contribute to cell-type specific viral tropism. METHODS: A series of proviral HIV-1 mutants which differ from the parental HXB2 strain at selected positions within the RRE was constructed. All of the mutations were designed to
Alterations of ion transport by HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):180 (abstract no. PO-A14-0272). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333711; Voss TG; Fermin CD; Garry RF; Department of Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New; Orleans, Louisiana.; Direct killing by HIV appears to contribute to depletion of CD4+ T-cells in persons with AIDS. HIV mediates changes in the activities of several plasma membrane-associated ion transport systems. For example, activity of the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport system is increased and activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase is decreased. One
Are mutations in sequential HIV-2 isolates related to pathogenicity? A four year follow-up.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):180 (abstract no. PO-A14-0274). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333712; Eberle J; Bechowsky B; Guertler L; Pettenkofer Institute, University of Munchen, Germany.; Between 1987 and 1991 HIV-2 was isolated from PBMCs of an infected woman in about yearly intervals. Four isolates were adapted to growth in HUT78 cells. Sets of PCR primers designed for conserved and variable regions from the gag, pol and env genes (V3 and transmembrane) were used. PCR products, representing more than
Identification of CD4 and MHC functional sites and implication for AIDS pathogenesis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):180 (abstract no. PO-A14-0275). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333713; Zagury JF; Bernard J; Achour A; Burny A; Bizzini B; Zagury D; Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris.; The CD4 molecules, the receptor for invading HIV-1 particles, also interact with class II MHC molecules as a critical co-stimulatory signal in T4-cell immune activation. To further investigate on the interference of HIV-1 gp120 with CD4-MHC functions, we designed two novel software, Automat and Critic , which allowe
Langerhans' cells of the skin and interdigitating cells are not productively infected by HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):180 (abstract no. PO-A14-0273). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333714; von Stemm A; Ramsauer J; Tenner-Racz K; Gigli I; Racz P; Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.; The data of the literature concerning the role of Langerhans cells (LC) and Interdigitating cells (IDC) of the Lymph node (LN) as target cells of HIV-1 are controversial. To clarify whether or not these cells are productively infected by HIV, we have analysed 59 skin samples (55 HIV+, 4 HIV- persons). IDC were studie
Phenotypic change of HIV within serum of an infected individual during the disease progression.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):180 (abstract no. PO-A14-0276). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333715; Shioda T; Oka S; Ida S; Kimura S; Shimada K; Nagai Y; Dept. of Viral Infection, Institute of Medical Science, Univ. of; Tokyo, Japan.; OBJECTIVES: To directly evaluate the phenotypes of viral population of HIV-1 within infected individuals during the disease progression. METHODS: HIV-1 RNAs within sera from an infected individual were reverse-transcribed, and the cDNAs were amplified by PCR. Recombinant viruses carrying the envelope V3 regions obtain
Spliced and unspliced mRNAs for regulatory and structural genes of HIV-1 are detectable at all levels of CD4 cell counts.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):180 (abstract no. PO-A14-0271). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333716; Arens M; Joseph T; Nag S; Miller JP; Ratner L; Washington Univ. Medical School, St. Louis, MO.; Human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) has a complex transcription program which involves the synthesis of unspliced, singly-spliced and multiply-spliced transcripts. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used with nested sets of primers on poly A+ RNA purified from lymphocytes to detect transcri
Changes in the lymphocyte ganglioside pattern in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):181 (abstract no. PO-A14-0281). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333717; Sorice M; Misasi R; d'Agostino F; Garofalo T; Circella A; Foggi P; Falciano M; Vullo V; Lenti L; Dip. Medicina Sperimentale, Universita La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.; Since HIV leads to changes in the lipid and carbohydrate composition of infected cells, including lymphocytes, we analysed the ganglioside pattern of lymphocytes from 26 patients with AIDS, 20 asymptomatic anti-HIV+ subjects, 25 patients suffering from different viral diseases (acute B and chronic C hepatitis, infecti
Heat shock proteins (HSP) and HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):181 (abstract no. PO-A14-0277). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333718; Karamov E; Ulmasov KA; Blinov VM; D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia.; HSP assist other proteins in folding, translocation and assemble. The cell may exploit these functions of HSP to help protect it from the deleterious effects of stress. HSP can be induced in cells following infection by a variety of viruses in vitro. We have studied the parameters of HSP synthesis in HIV infected cell
HIV-2 EHO is a highly cytopathic and divergent virus that induces single cell killing by apoptosis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):181 (abstract no. PO-A14-0279). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333720; Rey MA; Galabru J; Krust B; Montagnier L; Hovanessian AG; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; The HIV-2 EHO isolated from an AIDS patient in Ivory Coast , has been differentiated from other HIV-2 strains by the size of its external envelope glycoprotein. Comparative studies with the first cytopathic HIV-2 isolate (ROD) demonstrated that at equal multiplicities of infect
Induction of apoptosis in CD4 lymphocytes by HIV envelope glycoproteins.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):181 (abstract no. PO-A14-0278). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333721; Laurent-Crawford AG; Krust B; Hovanessian AG; Unite de Virologie et Immunologie Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris,; France.; Previously, we have reported that the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in CD4 lymphocytes is associated with apoptosis or programmed cell death. Here we demonstrate that apoptosis is triggered by cell membrane expression of mature HIV envelope glycoproteins, gp120-gp41 complex, and their interaction with CD4 recep
Role of NF-kB, PK-C and cytokines in the induction of HIV-1 by constituents of cigarette smoke.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):181 (abstract no. PO-A14-0280). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333722; Joshi B; Epstein J; Riordan G; Norcross M; Hoffman T; Hewlett I; CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD.; We previously reported that some constituents of cigarette smoke including benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and NNK, a derivative of nicotine, can induce the HIV replication in latently infected U1 cells. These compounds cause increases of up to 20 fold of HIV RNA and 70 fold of cell free viral p24 antigen in treated cells. We hav
Activated CD28+ CD8+ T cell phenotype correlates with anti-HIV suppressing activity and asymptomatic clinical status.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):182 (abstract no. PO-A14-0284). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333723; Landay AL; Mackewicz C; Levy JA; Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL.; OBJECTIVES: To determine if a unique CD8+ cell phenotype in HIV+ individuals correlates with the anti-HIV suppressing activity mediated by CD8+ cells. METHODS: Peripheral blood was obtained from asymptomatic HIV seropositive individuals (n = 48); symptomatic non-AIDS patients (n = 23); and individuals with AIDS n = 28
An HIV-1 genome from non producer F12 cells protects He-La CD4+ cell clones from HIV-1 superinfection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):182 (abstract no. PO-A14-0286). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333724; Federico M; Nappi F; Bona R; D'Aloja P; Verani P; Rossi GB; Lab. of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: To verify if the HIV genome integrated in a non producer chronically infected Hut-78 clone (F12) (Federico et al, AIDS Res Hum Retrov 5:385, 1989) acts as an interfering provirus after transfection in CD4+ human cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: The whole F12/HIV genome has been cloned and transfected in He-La CD
Down modulation of CD4 molecules induced by gp120.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):182 (abstract no. PO-A14-0288). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333725; Sekigawa I; Taguchi T; Hishikawa H; Matsumoto T; Hashimoto H; Hirose S; Dept. of Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo,; Japan.; The mechanism of a progressive decline in the number and function of CD4+ T cells is not understood, as only a small fraction of CD4+ cells appears to be infected with HIV. On the other hand, there is evidence that gp120 is shed from HIV infected cells in vitro and in vivo, and gp120 has been measured in the blood of
ICAM-1/2/3 molecules function as counter-receptors for LFA-1 in HIV-mediated syncytia formation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):182 (abstract no. PO-A14-0283). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333726; Butini L; Pantaleo G; Vaccarezza M; deFougerolles A; Springer T; Cohen D; Montroni M; Fauci AS; Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Ancona, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: To identify the counter-receptors for LFA-1 in the process of HIV-mediated syncytia formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of mAbs against the alpha and beta chains of LFA-1 and ICAM-1/2/3 molecules on HIV-mediated syncytia formation were determined either by coculturing PHA-activated mononuclear cel
Neurocognitive disorder is associated with high replicating, syncytia inducing HIV-1 isolates in cerebrospinal fluid.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):182 (abstract no. PO-A14-0285). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333727; Reinhardt PP; Heaton RK; McCutchan JA; Wallace MR; Grant I; Spector SA; HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, San; Diego.; OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between cytotropism of HIV-1 strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and HIV-1 related neurocognitive impairment. DESIGN: Evaluation of cell tropism and rate of replication of CSF virus isolates from 38 HIV-1 infected individuals with normal neurocognitive performance m
The effect of HIV-1 V3 loop sequence changes on CD4 T-cell recognition.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):182 (abstract no. PO-A14-0287). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333728; Fernandez M; Weber J; Rees A; Dept. of G-U Medicine & Communicable Diseases, St. Mary's Hospital; Medical School, London, U.K.; Sequence changes in the env V3 loop could ablate the CD4 T-cell help required for the activation and differentiation of B-cells able to secrete antibody directed against the major linear neutralising epitope in this region. Viral mutants escaping CD4 T-cell recognition could, therefore, have a significant impact on a
Active nuclear transport of proviral DNA is important for HIV-1 pathogenesis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):183 (abstract no. PO-A14-0292). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333729; Balachandran R; Gupta P; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of; Pittsburgh, PA.; Most of the HIV-1 isolates from asymptomatic men (asymptomatic isolates), but not from AIDS patients (AIDS isolates) fail to show productive infection in CD4+ H9 cells. We have investigated the molecular mechanism of non-productive infection of H9 cells by asymptomatic isolates. Our data indicate that viral DNA is syn
Enhanced HIV-1 expression correlates with development of AIDS: a multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):183 (abstract no. PO-A14-0293). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333730; Gupta P; Kingsley L; Armstrong J; Rinaldo C; University of Pittsburgh, PA.; The progression to AIDS may be significantly related to the level of HIV-1 replication. We have used quantitative cell culture and quantitative DNA and RNA PCR to measure viral load and expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained cross sectionally and longitudinally from HIV-1 seropositive men enr
Neutralization of HIV-1 by monoclonal antibodies against beta-2 microglobulin.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):183 (abstract no. PO-A14-0291). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333732; Silvy F; Hirsch I; Chermann JC; INSERM U322, Unite de Recherches sur les Retrovirus et maladies; Associees, Marseille, France.; OBJECTIVE: Cellular proteins, including beta-2 microglobulin, were recently detected to be bound to HIV-1. We addressed a question whether monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against beta-2 microglobulin can specifically neutralize HIV-1. METHODS: Standard neutralization (SNT) experiments were carried out using HIV-
Relationship between HIV-1 provirus and infectious virus load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):183 (abstract no. PO-A14-0289). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333733; Bieniasz P; Ariyoshi K; Foxall R; Weber JN; Department of G.U. Medicine and Communicable Diseases, St. Mary's; Hospital Med. School, Paddington, London, UK.; In a cross sectional study we have observed a highly variable relationship between HIV-I proviral DNA load and infectious titre in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected individuals. Subsequently we have extended our observations to include longitudinal data. Patients who had received no prior anti retroviral
The dynamic interaction between HIV-1 and cells of the immune system.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):183 (abstract no. PO-A14-0290). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333734; Pitman R; Lee CA; Weber J; Anderson RM; Parasite Epidemiology Research Group, Imperial College, London,; England.; A mathematical model describing the interaction between HIV and CD4+ T cells has been developed (Nowak, M.A. 1990, AIDS 4: 1095-1103). This model outlines a novel mechanism of viral escape based on a build up in HIV diversity. An experimental investigation, using blood samples from an HIV infected cohort of haemophili
Characteristic of sequential HIV obtained after seroconversion.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):184 (abstract no. PO-A14-0299). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333735; Tsang ML; Evans L; Byrne C; Hurren L; McQueen P; Penny R; Cooper D; Centre for Immunology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.; OBJECTIVE: To characterize the virus isolates which emerge after primary HIV infection in terms of sensitivity to serum neutralization and in vitro biological features. METHODS: 5 individuals have been studied from 2 to 5 years after HIV seroconversion. The sensitivity to serum neutralization, the cytopathic effects a
Early viremia and immune responses in vertical HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):184 (abstract no. PO-A14-0295). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333736; Luzuriaga K; McQuilken P; Alimenti A; Somasundaran M; Hesselton RA; Sullivan JL; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School,; Worcester.; Seventy-nine infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-1 HIV-1) seropositive women were evaluated from birth using plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serum p24 antigen assays. Nine children were identified as infected by positive cultures. Evidence of
Plasma permits infection by HIV-1 in PHA-stimulated PBMCs in a CD4-independent manner and results in resistance to sCD4 and reduced neutralization: the missing receptor?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):184 (abstract no. PO-A14-0298). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333738; Nara PL; Merges M; Musson S; Conley S; Hogervorst E; Dunlop N; VBU, NCI-FCRDC, NIH, Frederick, Md 21702.; A fundamental understanding of HIV-1 was the early demonstration in vitro that cellular CD4 was a viral receptor of human cells. Blocking of CD4 with antibody prevents the infection of T helper cells from a wide range of HIV-1. Recent findings suggest a second or alternate receptor may play an associative or independe
Selective susceptibility of human epidermal Langerhans cells to HIV-2 infection in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):184 (abstract no. PO-A14-0300). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333739; Soto-Ramirez LE; Marlink R; Kanki P; Essex M; Dept. of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.; OBJECTIVES: Two different variants of an HIV-2 strain were investigated for their ability to infect human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). METHODS: LC were isolated from normal human skin by discontinuous Ficoll-Metrizoate density gradient; purity was judged by CD1a expression. Infectious viruses were obtained from cu
Variable cytopathicity for primary CD4+ lymphocytes among HIV-1 with divergent V3 loop sequences.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):184 (abstract no. PO-A14-0296). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333740; Yu X; McLane MF; Essex M; Lee TH; Dept. of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.; Based on the ability to grow in primary macrophage cultures or established T-cell lines, HIV-1 isolates have been grouped into either macrophage-tropic or T cell-tropic classes. The V3 loop of gp120 appears to account for this difference in cell-tropism. Epidemiologically, the T cell-tropic class of HIV-1 was linked t
Altered ACTH and cortisol response to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in HIV-1 infection. Possible role of interleukin-1 in direct adrenal stimulation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):185 (abstract no. PO-A14-0306). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333741; Biglino A; Forno B; Pollono AM; Limone P; Istituto di Malattie Infettive, University of Torino, Italy.; INTRODUCTION: Adrenal glands are frequently involved in HIV infection; however, overt adrenal failure is rare, due to high serum cortisol levels despite normal or even low ACTH levels. Adrenal stimulation by factors other than ACTH, such as cytokines secreted by HIV- infected cells has been postulated. PATIENTS AND ME
HIV provirus load in dendritic cell-enriched cell preparations.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):185 (abstract no. PO-A14-0304). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333742; Patterson S; Roberts M; English N; Gompels M; Pinching A; Knight S; Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K.; Dendritic cell-enriched low density cells (LDC) and lymphocytes were isolated from HIV-infected individuals at different stages of disease and the provirus load estimated by PCR. The LDC fraction contains 10-40% dendritic cells (a 10-20 fold enrichment)
Viral load in HIV-1 infected asymptomatic persons in relation with HIV-1 phenotype.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):185 (abstract no. PO-A14-0305). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333745; Koot M; van 't Woudt A; Coutinho RA; Miedema F; Tersmette M; Schuitemaker H; Central Lab. of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transf. Service,; Amsterdam.; In previous studies we showed the emerge of syncytium inducing SI) variants of HIV-1 during the asymptomatic stage of HIV-1 infected persons is associated with a high risk for clinical progression. Progression to AIDS has been reported to be accompanied by an increase in viral load as measured by the frequency of infe
Virology in 10 patients with primary HIV-1 infection (PI).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):185 (abstract no. PO-A14-0303). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333746; Daar ES; Chernyavskiy T; Moudgil T; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine.; OBJECTIVES: To determine peak viral load, and phenotype of HIV from 10 patients with PI. METHODS: Viral titer was measured by limiting-dilution cultures. Early isolates were studied for capacity to induce syncytia in peripheral blood lymphocytes PBL), MT-2 coculture and were tested for zidovudine resistance ZDV-R), T-
Different signal transduction events induced in normal lymphocytes versus transformed T-cells by HIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):186 (abstract no. PO-A14-0312). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333747; al-Salameh AM; Cloyd MW; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch,; Galveston.; The T lymphocyte surface protein, CD4, is the primary receptor for HIV, and it binds the viral surface glycoprotein, gp120. As a receptor for class II MHC molecules, CD4 functions as a signal transducer via tyrosine phosphorylation. Previous studies have shown discrepant results concerning the effect of HIV infection
Evidence for structural and functional homology between human C1q and gp120 of HIV-I.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):186 (abstract no. PO-A14-0311). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333748; Stoiber H; Thielens N; Ebenbichler C; Arlaud G; Dierich MP; Ludwig Boltzmann Institut fur AIDS-Forschung, Innsbruck, Austria.; Earlier we provided evidence for an interaction between C1q, subcomponent of the first complement component C1, and the outer membrane part of gp41, the TM protein of HIV-I (Ebenbichler et al. J. Exp. Med. 1991). On the other hand, it is well established, that gp41 interacts with gp120, the SU protein of HIV-I. We the
HIV-1 replication induced by Cryptococcus neoformans in peripheral blood lymphocytes is monocyte dependent but TNF independent.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):186 (abstract no. PO-A14-0309). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333749; Orendi JM; Nottet HS; Verheul AF; Snippe H; Visser MR; Verhoef J; University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.; OBJECTIVE: To study the observed enhancement of HIV replication in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) by C. neoformans CN). METHODS: Normal PBMC or Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (PBL) were infected with a lymphocytotropic HIV strain and cultured with or without whole azide-killed CN. Viral replication was determ
Intracellular viral structures of the HIV-infected culture cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):186 (abstract no. PO-A14-0307). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333751; Takahashi I; Takama M; Ushijima K; Uzel M; Gelderblom H; Ladhoff AM; Lab E.M. Teikyo Univ. Sch. Med., Tokyo.; Budding and maturation processes of HIV were already well known, but its intracellular structures were not. In this study detergent treatment was used to remove intracellular soluble factors to reveal hidden structures of the HIV-infected culture cells. Following are the results: 1) Budding images from the nuclear env
Reversion of MHC class I downregulation in HIV infected cells by low temperature or peptides.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):186 (abstract no. PO-A14-0310). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333752; Kerkau T; Gernert S; Kneitz C; Schimpl A; Institut fur Virologie und Immunbiologie der Universitat, Wurzburg,; Germany.; We and others have shown that in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL s) MHC Cl.I molecules are downregulated after HIV infection. The specific lysis of such PBL s by alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes is reduced. Here we show that incubation of HIV infected PBL s of a HLA A2, A3-positive donor with an A2 binding
Apoptosis inducing mechanisms resulting in CD4+ T cells depletion.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):187 (abstract no. PO-A14-0314). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333753; Oyaizu N; Mc Closkey T; Chirmule N; Yagura H; Kalyanaraman VS; Coronesi M; Pahwa S; Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital-Cornell; University Medical College, Manhasset, NY 11030.; T cells from HIV-infected patients have been shown to undergo spontaneous apoptosis. However, the mechanisms to explain the observed T-cell apoptosis in HIV infection are currently speculative and need to be elucidated. Recent studies have revealed that Fas antigen, which is preferentially expressed on CD45R0+ T cells
Cell density regulates protein synthesis and CD4 expression independently from HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):187 (abstract no. PO-A14-0316). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333754; Silvestri G; Regnery C; Butini L; Buffarini F; Piedimonte G; Montroni M; Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Ancona, Italy.; INTRODUCTION: HIV-1 infection may induce changes in cellular protein metabolism, such as the lytic interaction with biosynthetic pathways (shut-off of protein synthesis) and the reduced expression of the CD4 molecule. Moreover, culture conditions, i.e. cell density, length of culture, strongly influence cellular mor
Dynamic of PMNs function alteration in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):187 (abstract no. PO-A14-0317). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333755; Serebrovskaya LV; Gabrilovich DI; Shepeleva GK; Ivanova LA; Habarova VV; Pokrovsky VV; Spec. Res. Laboratory for Epid. & Prevent. AIDS, Moscow, Russia.; This study shows that PMN functional activity including phagocytosis, bactericidal activity superoxide anion production and activity of intracellular enzymes was depressed in patients at all stages of HIV infection. This depression was more pronounced in patients with AIDS. At the same time we did not reveal any depre
Metabolic peculiarities of T-lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):187 (abstract no. PO-A14-0318). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333756; Abdullavev FM; Umnyashkin AA; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases and TB, Baku, Azerbaijan.; The wide study of HIV-infection etiology and pathogenesis allowed us to formulate immunologic and clinical criteria of disease severity and prognosis, the effect of the treatment. However metabolic disturbances being the basis of T-lymphocytes functional activity suppression are not studied well yet. In order to detec
MHC class II and HIV-1 gp120 distribution in HIV-1 infected monocyte derived macrophages.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):187 (abstract no. PO-A14-0313). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333757; Pinto LA; Dalgleish AG; Poulton TA; Division of Immunology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London,; U.K.; Several lines of evidence suggest a molecular mimicry between HIV envelope proteins and MHC antigens. To begin to examine the question of whether HIV envelope proteins may mimic functionally class II in their targeting to endosomal compartments we have analysed the intracellular distribution of endogenously synthesise
Cell and serologic markers in HIV-infected persons.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):188 (abstract no. PO-A14-0319). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333758; Umnyashkina RF; Abdullayev FM; Umnyashkin AA; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases and TB, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic.; The analysis of AIDS pathogenic mechanisms allows us to relate it to the group of multifactorial diseases in the predominance to which the genetic component plays an important role. The genetic blood cell markers were studied in 205 HIV-infected patients detected during examination in Central Hospital of Addis-Ababa.
Circulating-immune complexes from HIV+ patients bind CD4 from a CD4+ cell line.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):188 (abstract no. PO-A14-0322). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333759; Garcia R; Feijoo E; Ortiz F; Dp. of Immunology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.; Circulating immune-complexes (CIC) were isolated by 1.04M Ammonium Sulphate precipitation from sera of HIV positive patients. Anti-recombinant soluble CD4 activity could be demonstrated in 44% of CIC irrespective of the clinical condition of the patients. However, only 3% of these CIC, displayed binding to CD4 lymphoc
CSF glutathione deficiency in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):188 (abstract no. PO-A14-0320). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333760; Procscholdt M; Buhl R; Enzensberger W; Fischer PA; Dept. of Neurology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Germany.; OBJECTIVE: Glutathione plays a major role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and in normal immune function. Since HIV infection is characterized by a systemic glutathione deficiency we hypothesized that such a deficiency may also be observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-infected individuals. PATIENTS
Hypothesis-free detection of disease-associated proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):188 (abstract no. PO-A14-0321). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333761; Jungblut P; Seidemann B; Wittmann-Liebold B; WITA, Wittmann Institute of Technology and Analysis of Biomolecules,; Teltow, FRG.; Up to 5000 proteins between diseased and control organs, cells or body fluids may be compared by 2-DE. Combining vertical isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results in reproducible high-resolution protein patterns. The quantitation of about 100 of 3239 detected proteins
Isolation and characterization of HIV from long term HIV positive asymptomatic individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):188 (abstract no. PO-A14-0323). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333762; Feinberg M; Elbeik T; Sinclair E; Colbert D; Volberding P; Buchbinder S; Gladstone Institutes of Immunology and Virology, San Francisco.; INTRODUCTION. The purpose of this study is to investigate specific virologic aspects of HIV from asymptomatic-long term HIV infected individuals with normal CD4 counts. Results are compared with two groups. METHODS. Three groups were studied; 1. Healthy long term positive (HLP): HIV seropositive > 10 years, asymptomat
The role of HBsAg in preventing HIV primary infection of human T4 lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):188 (abstract no. PO-A15-0324). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333763; Gebreslassie L; ESTC. Addis Ababa, Ethiop.; Seroepidemiological studies of HIV infection in HBsAg chronic carriers indicated that the prevalence of anti-HIV is very low and is not significantly associated with the HBsAg carrier status. More recent findings indicated that HBV and HIV had a common origin and both viruses have many common biological attributes. Ne
A single amino acid substitution in the hypervariable region 5 HV-5) of the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus allows escape from virus neutralization.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):189 (abstract no. PO-A17-0330). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333764; Siebelink KH; Rimmelzwaan GF; Bosch ML; Meloen RH; Osterhaus AD; Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Institute of Public Health and; Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.; We infected an SPF cat (#14) with molecularly cloned feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) (clone 19k1, Siebelink et al., J. Virol. 66:1091-1097, 1992). Serum of this cat obtained 22 weeks post infection (serum 1422) neutralized the viral progeny of 19k1 FIV19k1) but not that of FIV clone 19k32 which is 99.3% identical
Dogs immunoreactive sera with HIV 1 and HTLV I/II proteins.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):189 (abstract no. PO-A17-0329). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333765; Moncharmont P; Rigal D; Chabanne L; Voisin A; Fournel C; Baron T; Monier JC; C.R.T.S. Lyon, France.; STRANDSTROM et al have observed that 50% of normal and sick dogs sera reacted with one or more recombinant proteins of the Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By using HIV 1 and Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) I and II commercial Western Blot (WB), we have studied 30 dogs sera with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE)
Effect of HTLV-1 co-infection on HIV-1 p24 antigen levels, immune and clinical status.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):189 (abstract no. PO-A15-0327). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333766; Ruff AJ; Cantave M; Coberly J; Quinn T; Boulos R; Halsey NA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.; OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of co-infection with HTLV-I on HIV-1 viral load, immunologic and clinical status. METHODS: HIV-1 infected adults participating a prospective study of maternal-infant transmission or in a tuberculosis prophylaxis trial were screened for HTLV-I. HIV-1 p24 antigen (p24) and beta-2 micro
Infection of natural killer cells by human herpesvirus 6: induction of CD4 and HIV-1 susceptibility.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):189 (abstract no. PO-A15-0328). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333768; Lusso P; Malnati M; Garzino-Demo A; Crowley RW; Gallo RC; LTCB, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; HHV-6, a T-lymphotropic herpesvirus, has been proposed as a potential cofactor in AIDS. We investigated the susceptibility to HHV-6 of NK cells whose function is substantially impaired in the course of HIV infection. Functionally competent CD3- NK cell populations and clones were derived from normal adult human periph
Modulation of HPV activity by HIV-1 transactivating products.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):189 (abstract no. PO-A15-0325). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333769; Tornesello ML; Buonaguro FM; Beth-Giraldo E; Curcio F; Giraldo G; Div. of Virology, 1st. Naz. Tumori Fond. Pascale, Naples, Italy.; HIV infection is associated with an increased incidence of HPV infection and anogenital epithelial abnormalities. The presence of HIV in Langerhans cells and colonic epithelial mucosa suggest that HIV, besides immunosuppression, could directly contribute to HPV replication and oncogenesis. To study a direct interactio
Alternative splice site utilization of HIV-1 in lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):19 (abstract no. WS-A03-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333770; Purcell DF; Martin MA; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.; The multiple gene products encoded by HIV arise as a result of a complex and highly ordered processing of primary RNA transcripts in which a multiplicity of splicing reactions are used to generate a plethora of viral mRNAs. Two experimental approaches were employed to evaluate the alternative RNA splicing pathways use
Mutational inactivation of inhibitory sequences in the gag and env region of HIV-1 results in Rev-independent gene expression.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):19 (abstract no. WS-A03-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333775; Nasioulas G; Schneider R; Schwartz S; Campbell M; Felber BK; Pavlakis GN; ABL-BRP, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702.; The expression of gag/pol, vif, vpr and vpu/env mRNAs of HIV-1 requires the presence of Rev responsive element (RRE) in cis and the Rev protein in trans. Rev acts by binding directly to RRE which is necessary for nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and expression of all RRE-containing viral mRNAs. This led to the proposal th
Human CD4 expressed in transgenic mice binds gp120 and alters mouse T-cell subpopulations.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):190 (abstract no. PO-A17-0336). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333776; Aiuti A; Forte P; Fattorossi A; Simeoni L; Rossi GB; Fantoni A; Dip. Biopatologia Umana, Univ. Roma La Sapienza, Italy.; Transgenic mice were produced expressing the human CD4 (huCD4) transgene under the human CD2 promoter and producing huCD4 in all murine T-cell populations at per cell densities equal to human CD4+ cells. By northern transfer analysis it was ascertained that the huCD4 transgene is expressed only in lymphoid organs, wit
Kinetics of humoral and cellular immunological parameters in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of SIVmac infected rhesus monkeys.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):190 (abstract no. PO-A17-0332). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333777; Hemm S; Sopper S; Meixensberger J; Coulibaly C; Stahl-Hennig C; Hunsmann G; ter Meulen V; Dorries R; Inst. f. Virologie, Universitat Wurzburg, Deutsches Primatenzentrum; Gottingen, Germany.; To study relationships between peripheral loss of immunocompetence and intracerebral immunity during infection with immunodeficiency virus we have monitored the kinetics of important immunological markers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid CSF) of rhesus monkeys after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) f
Neutralizing antibodies in SIVmac infected macaques in relation to the course of disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):190 (abstract no. PO-A17-0334). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333779; Makoschey B; Stahl-Hennig C; Coulibaly C; Hunsmann G; Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Centre,; Gottingen.; OBJECTIVES: In vitro neutralization of SIVmac was examined in sera from SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys and compared during the course of infection. METHOD: Two-fold serial dilutions of the tested sera were incubated with 10 TCID50 of the virus stocks. After two hours C8166 cells were added. At day 3 of culture, 100 mi
Staphylococcal enterotoxins increase simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) levels during initial infection of macaque lymphocytes, but decrease SIV levels in cells already infected with SIV.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):190 (abstract no. PO-A17-0335). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333781; Axberg I; Polacino-Firpo P; Clark EA; Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle; 98195.; Macaque blood lymphocytes proliferate in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) superantigens such as SE-B, SE-C1, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). Here we report that unlike normal lymphocytes, lymphocytes from animals infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a reduced proliferative respo
A small transgenic animal model of HIV pathogenesis: selective induction of papillomas by cutaneous injury.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):191 (abstract no. PO-A17-0342). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333782; Kopp J; Wohlenberg C; Marinos N; Klotman P; Notkins A; Rooney J; NIDR, NIH, Bethesda, MD.; Patients infected with HIV experience an increased prevalence of papulosquamous skin disorders, including seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis. We have developed a mouse transgenic for a gag-pol deleted HIV-1 proviral construct which expresses viral mRNA and envelope glycoproteins in epidermal cells and develops sponta
Characterization of CD4+ T cells lacking Thy-1 in retrovirus-induced murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome MAIDS).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):191 (abstract no. PO-A17-0337). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333783; Moutschen MP; Colombi S; Deprez M; Greimers R; Boniver J; Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium.; BACKGROUND AND AIMS: MAIDS associates a polyclonal proliferation of B and CD4+ T-cells and a functional impairment of mitogen induced humoral and cellular immune responses. The syndrome is also characterized by phenotypic changes involving T cells, such as the emergence of CD4+ T cells lacking Thy-1. It is of major im
Chimeric SIVs for studying the role of p24 in pathogenesis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):191 (abstract no. PO-A17-0341). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333784; Corbet S; Nerrienet E; Lang MC; Herve V; Sonigo P; Barre-Sinoussi F; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; INTRODUCTION: No pathology is clearly associated with SIVagm infection in their natural hosts in Africa. In contrary to pathogenic infections, we and other have observed that naturally infected green monkeys are serologically very low responders to SIVagm p24. In order to correlate this observation with the absence of
Expression of HIV genomes transfected into murine packaging cell line.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):191 (abstract no. PO-A17-0339). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333785; Rozera C; Federico M; Proietti E; Equestre M; Pulciani S; Dept. of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.; HIV genome was transfected into the ecotropic murine packaging cell line GP+E86 (D. Markowitz et al. J. Virology vol 62, 1120-1124, 1988.) to generate pseudotypes with ecotropic murine retroviral virions. The construct pNL 4-3, containing the full length HIV genome (A. Adachi et al. J. Virology 59, 284-288, 1986.), wa
HIV-induced alteration of T cell response in normal mice injected with HIV-infected U937 cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):191 (abstract no. PO-A17-0338). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333786; Locardi C; Sestili P; Ausiello C; Logozzi M; Parlanti E; Rizza P; Modica A; Modesti A; Musiani P; Kaido T; et al; Lab. Virol., I.S.S., Rome, Italy.; We have recently reported that, following injection with HIV-infected U937 cells, a persistent HIV-1 infection can be established in normal mice (C. Locardi et al., J. Virol. 66: 1649-1654, 1992). Here, we have investigated whether the injection of HIV-infected U937 cells into normal mice could result in any HIV-relat
Relationship between adaptation and apathogenicity of SIVs in their natural African hosts.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):191 (abstract no. PO-A17-0340). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333787; Corbet S; Muller MC; Herve V; Saurin W; Sonigo P; Barre-Sinoussi F; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; OBJECTIVES: SIVagm are separated in 4 species-specific groups, suggesting a parallel evolution of the virus and its natural host, probably since the African Green Monkey (AGM) speciation. The apparent ++non-pathogenicity of SIVagm for their hosts may thus be a consequence of an adaptation phenomenon. An immune selecti
Acquisition of memory/activated phenotype by CD8+ T cells in murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):192 (abstract no. PO-A17-0347). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333788; Colombi S; Deprez M; Greimers R; Boniver J; Moutschen MP; Dept of Pathology, University of Liege, Belgium.; BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Infection of mice by the Duplan strain of RadMuLVs induces a polyclonal activation of CD4+ T cells which become functionally deficient while CD8+ responses are mostly preserved. An MHC-class II-restricted activation by a retroviral superantigen has recently been proposed to explain this selective
Characterization of HIV-1 and -2 primary and laboratory-adapted isolates in pigtail macaques.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):192 (abstract no. PO-A17-0344). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333789; Rayfield MA; Otten RA; Brown R; Simon M; Lupo LD; Schochetman G; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.; OBJECTIVES: The in vitro and in vivo replicative ability of various HIV primary isolates representing geographic regions of importance for projected vaccine trials was evaluated in adult pigtail macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS: Autologous cell-associated virus preparations or cell-free viru
Correlation between temporal change in FIV provirus load in peripheral blood and tissue distribution of FIV in experimentally infected SPF cats.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):192 (abstract no. PO-A17-0345). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333790; Ohkura T; Kunmura T; Dept. of Pathology, Osaka University, Japan.; OBJECTIVE: As an animal model of primary disease of HIV infections, FIV (strain Kyo-1) and SPF cat system has been employed to analyse the temporal changes in FIV proviral load in PBMC and distribution of the virus in various organs. METHODS AND RESULTS: After i.v. inoculation of Kyo-1 to 12 SPF cats, the level of pro
Early stage kinetics of cellular and seric viremia after intra-rectal SIV infection of rhesus macaques.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):192 (abstract no. PO-A17-0343). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333791; Le Grand R; Vaslin B; Vogt G; Theodoro F; Noack O; Gras G; Aubertin AM; Dormont D; CEA/DSV/DPTE/SSA, Fontenay aux Roses, France.; OBJECTIVES: To titrate by intra-rectal route a cell-free, monkey-cell- grown SIV stock and to follow the cellular and seric viremia kinetics during the first two months post infection P.I.). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SIVmac251 was provided by a cell-free supernatant of rhesus PBMC cocultured with a spleen homogenate
Pathological findings of rhesus monkeys infected with SIVmac.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):192 (abstract no. PO-A17-0348). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333792; Sata T; Taniguchi A; Mukai R; Murayama Y; Kurata T; Lab. of Pathol., NIH, Tokyo, Japan.; OBJECTIVE: To clarify the pathogenesis of human AIDS, the pathological changes at autopsy were studied in rhesus monkeys inoculated with SIVmac251. METHODS AND RESULTS: Following virus inoculation to five male monkeys, four were killed or died 41, 48, 92, 103 weeks later. All monkeys presented serum antibodies to SIVm
The quantitation and sequence characterization of proviral DNA in the blood and tissues of two SIV infected macaques.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):192 (abstract no. PO-A17-0346). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333793; Slade A; Jones S; Jenkins A; Bootman J; Almond N; Kitchin P; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms,; Hertfordshire, UK.; Two macaques infected with SIVmac251 32H were killed at approximately 16 months post infection. At this point only one animal showed any clinical signs of SIV induced disease. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood, spleen and inguinal lymph nodes. Using quantitative PCR, the proviral burden in each sample was determi
B-lymphocyte immunodeficiency animal model.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):193 (abstract no. PO-A17-0352). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333794; Tamosiunas V; Mikalauskien~e G; Ivanauskas K; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vilnius,; Lithuania.; B-lymphocyte immunochemical characteristics and functional properties in case of bovine CLL have been investigated. The agent of this disease is C-type retrovirus (BLV). The obtained data shoved BLV cell-targets being B-lymphocytes. According to its morphology, biochemical structure and antigen composition BLV is rela
Induction of neutralizing antibodies in rabbits experimentally infected with HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):193 (abstract no. PO-A17-0354). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333795; Filice G; Cereda PM; Debiaggi M; Bruno R; Tinelli M; Romero E; Institute of Infections Diseases, University of Pavia, Italy.; The principal neutralizing determinant of HIV-1 is though to consists of a disulfide-linked loop structure spanning the third variable region (V3) of gp120. This immunodominant epitope corresponds to amino-acid residues 303-338 of gp120 (IIIB) and has been reported to induce neutralizing antibodies. Thus, the characte
Monoparesis induced by gp-120 administered intrathecally in rats.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):193 (abstract no. PO-A17-0353). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333796; Steinman JL; Komisaruk BR; Pert C; Ruff M; State Univ. of New Jersey, Newark 07102.; INTRODUCTION: Neurological deficits have been observed in neonatal rats following systemic administration of gp-120 (Hill et al, 1992, Brain Res.), an envelope protein of HIV. Furthermore, direct injection of gp-120 to the cerebral ventricles results in memory impairments in adult rats (Glowa et al. 1992, Brain Res.).
Neurobehavioral AIDS induced by SIVMne or HIV-1 in infant pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):193 (abstract no. PO-A17-0349). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333797; Bowden D; Agy M; Anderson D; Kimpo C; Ha J; Sackett G; Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle; 98195.; Pigtailed macaques, 8 animals per group, were injected intravenously at one month of age with either SIVMne, HIV-1, or sham inoculum. The HIV-1 was a mixture of infected autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells and free virus of three strains: LAI, JR-CSF, and JR-FL. Course of disease was monitored in terms of vi
Oral hairy leukoplakia in SIV-infected cynomolgus macaques.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):193 (abstract no. PO-A17-0351). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333798; Feichtinger H; Kaaya E; Ekman M; Fend F; Biberfeld G; Biberfeld P; Dep of Pathology, Univ of Innsbruck, Austria.; OBJECTIVE: Characterization of a lesion in the oral mucosa of an immunodeficient cynomolgus monkey infected with SIVsmm3 and demonstration of productive infection of keratinocytes with a simian Epstein-Barr like virus corresponding to oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) seen in AIDS patients. METHODS: 39 cynomolgus monkeys w
Thymic changes in SIVsm infected cynomolgus monkeys.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):193 (abstract no. PO-A17-0350). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333799; Li SL; Kaaya EE; Feichtinger H; Ekman M; Biberfeld G; Biberfeld P; Immunopathology Lab., Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.; AIMS: To study possible SIV related changes in thymus of infected cynomolgus monkeys. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thymuses from 20 SIVsm infected cynomolgus monkeys were analyzed for histopathological and immunohistological changes as well as by in situ hybridization. OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: Conspicuous changes were:
Broad range of virulence of C. neoformans (CN) isolates from patients with AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):194 (abstract no. PO-A17-0359). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333800; Allendoerfer R; Velez JD; Graybill JR; Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.; Cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS has been associated with proliferation of organisms attributed to defective host immune response. However, cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS may reflect not only abnormal host response but differences in the fungal pathogen. We examined 20 clinical isolates, 17 from patients wit
Interaction of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) with SIV in the AIDS-model of experimentally SIV-infected cynomolgous monkeys.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):194 (abstract no. PO-A17-0357). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333802; Stahmer I; de Mesquita R; Ordonez C; Ekman M; Biberfeld G; Biberfeld P; Immunopathology Lab., Karolinska Hospital Institute, Stockholm,; Sweden.; AIMS: To study the in vivo susceptibility of monkey follicular dendritic cells (mFDC) for SIV-infection. For this purpose we used the animal AIDS-model of experimentally SIV-infected cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary lymphoid tissues were in part processed for routine histopatho
Nucleic acid sequence of rabbit adapted HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):194 (abstract no. PO-A17-0358). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333803; Coggiano MA; Truckenmiller ME; Adams AJ; Wyatt RJ; Kulaga H; NIMH Neuroscience Research Center, St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC; 20032.; Previously, it has been shown that the laboratory rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, can be infected successfully with HIV-1. Although HIV-1 can be isolated from various tissues of infected rabbits, including lymphatic tissues and tissues of the central nervous system (CNS), no clear pathology has been established. It is
Retroviral infection enhances susceptibility of mice to experimental toxoplasmosis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):194 (abstract no. PO-A17-0356). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333804; Sinet M; Derouin F; Levacher-Clergeot M; Sumuyen MH; Chau F; Pocidalo JJ; INSERM U13, Hopital Claude Bernard, Paris, France.; The effect of a retroviral infection on susceptibility to T. gondii (TG) was examined experimentally by comparing the kinetics of parasite burden in blood and tissue, the blood and spleen lymphocyte subsets and the survival rates in mice infected either with TG or LP-BM5 or LP-BM5 + TG. C57BL/6 mice, either infected a
The increasing susceptibility of human U937 cell line subclone growing in mice to the HIV-1 infection in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):194 (abstract no. PO-A18-0360). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333805; Chernukhin I; Gaidul KV; Dept. of Immunovirology, Inst. Clin. Immunol., Novosibirsk, Russia.; The subclone of human promonocytic cell line U937 has been received with the successful transplantation in rate 92% into CBAxC57Bl/6)F1 immunosuppressive mice. The graft may grown in situ and in peritoneal forms. The average span of life of these mice has consisted of 3-6 months. The increase in three fold of the leve
Feasibility and safety study of extracorporeal photopheresis in miniswine.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):195 (abstract no. PO-A18-0365). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333806; Neyndorff HC; Harvey-Clark C; McNicol H; Logan P; Quadra Logic Technologies Inc., Vancouver, B.C., Canada.; PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of an extracorporeal photopheresis system for the treatment of blood in yucatan miniswine, in preparation for Phase I clinical trial in HIV infected individuals. PROCEDURE: Vascular access ports were implanted in pigs to allow venous-venous shunts and to facilitate multi
The SCID-hu mouse as a tool for preclinical evaluation of antiviral compounds.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):195 (abstract no. PO-A18-0361). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333810; Rabin L; Kaneshima H; Hincenbergs M; Ho K; Barrise J; McCune JM; Systemix Inc., Palo Alto, CA.; With an ever-increasing number of candidate drugs for use as therapy against HIV, the importance of a screening mechanism other than in vitro assays has increased. The SCID-hu mouse model was developed, in part, to serve as a preclinical testing tool for discrimination of antiviral compounds against HIV which are show
A comparison of the effects of acemannan (ACM) given by three routes of administration to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infected cats.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):196 (abstract no. PO-A18-0368). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333812; Yates KM; Kemp MC; Ni Y; Raboud J; Ford CR; Tizard IR; Carrington Laboratories, Inc., Dallas, TX.; OBJECTIVE: To compare survival and laboratory parameters among FIV-infected symptomatic cats when ACM was administered intravenously, subcutaneously or orally. METHODS: 49 cats that tested positive for FIV by two serologic tests and classified as FIV disease stages 3, 4 or 5 were enrolled. 23 cats were lymphopenic at
A new serum factor regulating NK cell activity in HIV-infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):196 (abstract no. PO-A19-0372). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333813; Cheknev S; Babaeva E; Tarkhanova I; Kulberg A; N.F. Gamaleya Epidemiology and Microbiology Institute, Moscow, Russia.; As was early established, sera of HIV-infected patients contained a complex of IgG with 50 kD nonimmunoglobulin component exhibited a serine-esterase activity. Additionally, the 50 kD component of the above complex interacted with HIV-1 gp120, and the latter inhibited its enzymatic activity. It was established that in
AZT prolongs detection of HIV in hu-PBL-SCID.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):196 (abstract no. PO-A18-0367). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333814; Hall E; Greenhouse J; Eddy G; Burke D; Rosenberg Y; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD.; CB.17-scid (SCID) mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (hu-PBL-SCID) are susceptible to infection with HIV. Such mice may serve as a small animal model for assessing the efficacy of anti-HIV therapeutics. PBL (10(8)) were injected i.p. into young (
Immunopathogenesis of HIV-infection: immunological tolerance delay progression?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):196 (abstract no. PO-A19-0370). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333815; Ignatieva G; Sidorovitch I; Negai O; Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia.; We prepared some mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic anti-anti-CD4 antibodies and selected that crossreactive with HIV-1 IIIB lysate. 30% antibodies have unexpected properties: they not block but enhance HIV infection in culture of H9 cells. The same antibodies enhance OKT4A-fluorescence of uninfected H9 cells. This fact
Levels of fibronectin receptor in patients with HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):196 (abstract no. PO-A19-0371). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333816; Torre D; Zeroli C; Giola M; Ferrario G; Bonetta G; Tambini R; Div. of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Varese, Italy.; Fibronectin receptor (FNR), a member of the integrin beta 1 subfamily and considered as a serum integrin, is involved in specific adhesive interaction between mononuclear cells and extracellular matrix, that is a prerequisite for accumulation of these cells to inflammatory sites and for consequent phagocytosis and kil
The role of gamma/delta T lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):196 (abstract no. PO-A19-0369). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333817; Torre D; Ferraro G; Marone P; Issi M; Fiori GP; Martegani R; Div. of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Varese, Italy.; T lymphocytes expressing gamma delta T cell receptors may participate in host-defense at first line against the invasion of the various pathogens, in particular against viral and mycobacterial infections (MI). Two previous studies have shown increased number of gamma delta T cells (V delta 1+) in some patients with HI
A monoclonal antibody (1F7) specific for human anti HIV Ig induces apoptosis and inhibits CTL activity in CD8+ lymphocytes from HIV-1 infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):197 (abstract no. PO-A19-0377). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333818; Muller S; Collins H; Wang H; Brams P; Grant M; Rosenthal KL; San Diego Regional Cancer Center, CA.; A murine monoclonal IgM antibody, 1F7, recognizes a shared idiotope on anti-HIV antibodies against different HIV antigens. Since T cells are also subject to anti-idiotypic regulation, we analyzed T cells from HIV+ persons for evidence of anti-idiotypic regulation via the idiotope recognized by 1F7. We found that 1F7,
Contribution of programmed death of T cells to HIV pathogenesis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):197 (abstract no. PO-A19-0374). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333819; Meyaard L; Otto SA; Keet IP; Roos MT; Miedema F; Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion; Service, Amsterdam.; Recently our group and others reported on cell death by apoptosis of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected individuals. So far, the role of this programmed cell death (PCD) in the pathogenesis of HIV-infection remained to be investigated. Therefore, we studied the occurrence of PCD in all stage
Generation of auto- and allo-cytotoxic T cell responses by regions of HIV-1 gp120/41 which share structural homology with human MHC class I/II molecules.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):197 (abstract no. PO-A19-0373). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333820; Wilson S; Hounsell E; Habeshaw J; University College London, England, UK.; AIM: To determine if the molecular mimicry of HIV-1 gp120/41 with human MHC Class I/II molecules specifically induces auto- and/or allo-reactive Tc cells. METHODS: PBMC were isolated from a panel of HIV seronegative donors with a range of HLA haplotypes which included donors whose HLA type corresponded to the reported
Lymphatic follicles of rectal mucosa in HIV-infection: an in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):197 (abstract no. PO-A19-0378). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333821; Racz P; Moncada LA; Schmidt H; Hartmann MG; Dietrich M; Tenner-Racz K; Bernhard-Nocht-Institute, Hamburg, Germany.; Lymphatic follicles of lymph nodes and spleen represent an important reservoir of HIV-1. We previously suggested that also the follicles of mucous membrane associated lymphoid tissues MALT) might play an important role in the disease. To investigate this hypothesis, we selected rectal biopsies containing lymphatic fol
Thymic infection and selective thymocyte depletion in an asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive neonate.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):197 (abstract no. PO-A19-0375). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333823; Rosenzweig M; Clark DP; Gaulton GN; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine,; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.; The neonatal thymus is both the primary site of T lymphocyte development and a target of HIV-1 infection. The impact of this infection on thymocyte development and progression to disease is unknown. These issues were addressed by analysis of thymic tissue from an asymptomatic, HIV-1 seropositive three day old subject.
A subset of gamma-delta-positive lymphocytes inhibits the hematopoietic colony-formation from HIV-1 infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):198 (abstract no. PO-A19-0379). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333824; Geissler RG; Ganser A; Rossol R; Ottmann OG; Kojouharoff G; Hoelzer D; Department of Hematology, University of Frankfurt, Germany.; In HIV+ infection one mechanisms responsible for hematopoietic failure is the inhibition of hematopoietic colony growth by CD8+ lymphocytes, and the expansion of the CD8+ cytotoxic delta TCS-1+ T-lymphocyte subpopulation has been described in these patients. Therefore, the present study analyses the role of the delta
HIV-GAG p17 protein impairs proliferation of normal lymphocytes in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):198 (abstract no. PO-A19-0383). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333825; Hofmann B; Nishanian P; Fan J; Nguyen T; Aldrovandi GM; Fahey J; CIRID, UCLA School of Medicine.; OBJECTIVES: We have earlier described that non-infectious HIV impairs proliferation of normal T lymphocytes by activating the inhibitory cAMP/PKA pathway. In this paper we demonstrate that the HIV-GAG p17 protein alone induces this effect. METHODS: Separation of HIV proteins by column chromatography. The immunosuppres
Increased levels of apoptosis and decreased expression of CD69 in cultured T cells from HIV-infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):198 (abstract no. PO-A19-0380). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333826; Krowka J; Ascher M; Sheppard H; Viral & Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, CA Dept. of Health Services,; Berkeley 94704.; It has been proposed (JAIDS 5:143, 1992) that the interaction of gp120 with CD4 mimics a physiologic signal which contributes to non-specific activation in vivo with adverse consequences for immune system regulation. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes from participants in the San Francisco Men s Health Study was
Induction of HIV replication by CTL via TNF-alpha.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):198 (abstract no. PO-A19-0384). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333827; Harrer T; Jassoy C; Harrer E; Johnson RP; Walker BD; Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard; Medical School, Boston 02114.; OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the influence of HIV-1 specific T-cell clones on HIV-replication in a chronically infected T-cell line. METHODS: HIV-1-RT specific CD8+ CTL clones, derived from HIV-infected patients, were coincubated with the chronically HIV-1 infected T cell line ACH-2, which is not specifically recognized and
Interferon-alpha induced immunosuppressive effect in HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):198 (abstract no. PO-A19-0381). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333828; Lachgar A; Fall L; Achour A; Zagury JF; Bizzini B; Zagury D; Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.; We investigated the immunosuppression induced by the anti-proliferative cytokine, Interferon-alpha, overproduced in early(1) and late(2) stages of HIV-1 infection. 1- Interferon-alpha in a dose response manner inhibits in vitro T-cell activation as detected by 3H-Thymidine incorporation. 2- Inhibition of immune T-cell
The number of CD6 lymphocytes in HIV-infected persons and in patients with certain virus, autoimmune and tumor diseases.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):198 (abstract no. PO-A19-0382). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333829; Tsertsvadze T; Shavdia N; Shartava T; Mebonia I; Sharvadze L; Medulashvili G; Georgian AIDS & Immunodeficiency Research Center, Tbilisi State; Medical Institute, Georgia.; The number of CD6 (OKT17) Lymphocytes (Activated Helper T Cells) was monitored in the peripheral blood of 19 HIV-infected persons. Clinical stage II (symptomless infection) by the CDC classification was diagnosed in 7, stage III (persistent generalized lymphadenopathy) in 6 and stage IV (AIDS) in 6 patients. For compa
Analysis of epitope specificity of antibody responses to HIV proteins during disease development.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):199 (abstract no. PO-A19-0388). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333830; Khaitov R; Meshcheryakova D; Andreev S; Tarasova S; Papuashvili M; Prokopenko V; Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia.; Antibodies directed against restricted regions of structural HIV proteins apparently represent important host factors in defense against HIV. To estimate qualitative and quantitative differences in the epitope spectrum of antibodies for two vastly different groups of HIV-infected persons, long-term asymptomatic carrie
Bacterial superantigens activate HIV-1 replication in HIV infected monocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):199 (abstract no. PO-A19-0387). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333832; Delfraissy JF; Wallon C; Goujard C; Boue F; Galanaud P; Barre-Sinoussi F; INSERM U.131, Clamart, France.; Superantigens potently induce the secretion of TNF alpha and IL1-beta by monocytes, both monokines known to activate HIV1 gene expression and replication. We have investigated the effects of Staphylococcal exotoxins (SEs) on HIV replication in 3 differents in vitro models of monocytes cultures. The chronically infecte
Fixation of C1q alone is sufficient for inhibiting the binding of specific antibodies to solid phase gp41.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):199 (abstract no. PO-A19-0389). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333833; Hidvegi T; Prohaszka Z; Thielens NM; Dierich M; Fust G; Natl. Inst. Hematol. Blood Tr, Budapest, Hungary.; The immunodominant epitope of gp41 (aa 579-613) is the major complement activating site of HIV. This part of gp41 binds C1q, C4b, and C3b (Ebenbichler et al, J. exp. Med, 1991). Previously we have demonstrated (El Jarrah et al, VIII Int. AIDS Congr. PoA 2160, AIDS, 1991) that binding of complement proteins inhibit the
Selective anergy of V beta 8+ T cells in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):199 (abstract no. PO-A19-0385). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333834; Dadaglio G; Garcia S; Garcia F; Roue R; Montagnier L; Gougeon ML; Unite d'Oncologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.; OBJECTIVE: Because we had previously shown that superantigenic activation of PBLs from asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals may lead to cell death by apoptosis, it was of interest to analyze the precise effects of in vitro V beta specific stimulation on the response of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from these indi
V delta repertoire of gamma delta-T cells in peripheral lymphocytes during HIV-infection: cellular and molecular characterization of delta TCS1+ T cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):199 (abstract no. PO-A19-0386). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333835; Madeleine C; Gilles D; Severine B; Muriel C; Luc M; Gougeon ML; Viral Oncology Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.; OBJECTIVES: Molecular and functionnal characterization of gamma delta T cells with V delta 1-J delta 1 gene rearrangements in PBL from normal versus HIV infected donors. Identification of the ligand(s) recognized by these T cells. METHODS: PBLs, T cell lines or clones were investigated for the expression of cell surfa
Characterization of a negative-stranded HIV-1 promoter downregulated by Tat.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):20 (abstract no. WS-A04-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333836; Michael N; Ehrenberg P; d'Arcy L; Mosca J; Rappaport J; Redfield R; Dept of Retroviral Res., Walter Reed Army Inst. of Res.; We have identified HIV-1 transcripts of negative strand polarity in acutely and persistently infected cell lines as well as in 117 mononuclear cell samples from 15 seropositive patients. We constructed and screened a directional cDNA library from A3.01 cells acutely infected with HIVIIIB. 60 HIV-specific clones were i
Novel signal transduction pathways to NF kappa B which activates HIV-1 provirus.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):20 (abstract no. WS-A04-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333837; Okamoto T; Hayashi T; Virology Div., National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo,; Japan.; NF kappa B is a cellular transcription factor that induces HIV-1 gene expression in response to various extracellular stimuli including tumor necrosis factor. It is well established that protein kinase C (PKC) activates NF kappa B by phosphorylation of its cytoplasm-anchoring protein, I kappa B. However, recognition o
Optimization of an HIV-1 U5 ribozyme.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):20 (abstract no. WS-A04-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333838; Jeang KT; Lin N; Martin M; Dropulic B; Smith S; LMM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda.; We have described previously a ribozyme that cleaves the HIV-1 U5 RNA. This ribozyme partially protects T-lymphocytes from HIV-1 infection. Two advances have been made to this ribozyme. First, to alleviate random integration from retroviral vectors, permanent episomal vectors are used to express this ribozyme. Second,
Polymerization of HIV-1 Rev induced by RRE-containing transcripts.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):20 (abstract no. WS-A04-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333839; Misra M; Kaufman J; Stahl SJ; Wingfield PT; Steven AC; Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIAMS, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.; The expression of full-length transcripts coding for the structural proteins of HIV-1 is regulated by Rev protein. It has been hypothesized that the interaction of Rev with the Rev-responsive element (RRE) initiates polymerization of Rev to coat the transcript in question, thereby preventing its splicing Wingfield et
The oncoprotein Bcl-3 directly transactivates through kappa B motifs via association with DNA binding p50B homodimers.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):20 (abstract no. WS-A04-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333841; Franzoso G; Bours V; Azarenko V; Kanno T; Brown K; Siebenlist U; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, N.I.A.I.D., N.I.H., Bethesda, MD.; Bcl-3 contains ankyrin repeat motifs and is related to the l kappa B-like proteins. Its gene is located at a site of recurrent translocations in a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bcl-3 associates tightly with p50B (NFKB2, p52) homodimers in cells and together these proteins can form a ternary complex with DNA
Delineation of cell types infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the thymus of the SCID-hu mouse.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):200 (abstract no. PO-A19-0394). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333843; Stanley SK; McCune JM; Baseler M; Orenstein J; Fox C; Fauci AS; LIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda.; OBJECTIVE: To study HIV infection of the thymus in the SCID-hu mouse. METHODS: SCID-hu mice were sacrificed at varying times after intrathymic infection with primary isolates of HIV. Tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization ISH) and electron microscopy (EM) and thymocytes sorted into CD
Dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with HIV-1 can infect unstimulated autologous T-cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):200 (abstract no. PO-A19-0393). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333844; Weissman D; Poli G; Fauci AS; LIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.; OBJECTIVE: DC represent a population of antigen presenting cells that are highly efficient in initiating primary T-cell immune responses. Cameron et al. (Science 1992) have demonstrated that HIV pulsed DC can infect superantigen stimulated CD4+ T-cells. The present study was undertaken to determine if HIV-pulsed DC co
Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (ICL)--an immunologic characterization. The CDC ICL Task Force.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):200 (abstract no. PO-A19-0396). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333845; Spira TJ; Jones BM; Hubbard M; Div. of HIV/AIDS, NCID, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia.; OBJECTIVE: To immunologically characterize ICL. METHODS: Blood samples from 20 patients with CDC defined ICL, 20 age-, race-, and gender-matched controls, and 20 HIV-infected persons matched by CD4 T-cell counts were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies identifying various lymphocyte subsets. In addition, imm
Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia syndrome (ICL) not seen in a large community-based study of homosexual and bisexual men.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):200 (abstract no. PO-A19-0391). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333846; Vermund SH; Hoover DR; Chen K; Margolick JB; Ferbas JJ; Giorgi JV; NIAID/NIH.; The MACS is an ongoing study of men seen every six months since 1984. To assess the prevalence of ICL, 2713 HIV-1 seronegative men were studied who have had at least one CD4+ cell assessment. Among these men were 2285 who have had CD4+ cell and CD4% on at least 4 seronegative visits since 1985. Of 22,643 CD4+ cell cou
TH2 activation and pathogenesis of African AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):200 (abstract no. PO-A19-0392). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333847; Bentwich Z; Burstein R; Weisman Z; Kamminsky M; Kalinkovich S; Kaplan Hospital, Hebrew University Medical School, Rehovot, Israel.; OBJECTIVES: To look for TH2 activation in HIV infected and non infected Ethiopian new immigrants to Israel . METHODS: Blood levels of Eosinophiles, IgE, IgG, IL6 and TNF-receptors (TNF-R), were determined in 54 HIV infected and 25 matched HIV non infected Ethiopian new immigrants to
Effect of zidovudine therapy on CD4+ cell coating by gp120/anti-gp120 antibody complexes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):201 (abstract no. PO-A19-0399). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333848; Zamarchi R; Veronesi A; Coppola E; Mion M; Amadori A; Chieco-Bianchi L; Univ. of Padova, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of zidovudine ( AZT ) treatment on the binding of gp120/anti-gp120 antibody (Ab) complexes to CD4+ cells. METHODS: Cytofluorographic analysis of PBMC by two-color immunofluorescence with anti-CD4 and anti-IgG mAb; evaluat
Effects of UV irradiation on HIV infected cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):201 (abstract no. PO-A19-0401). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333849; Lightfoote MM; FDA, CDRH, Division of Life Sciences, Rockville, Maryland.; In vitro studies of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced activation of human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were designed with cultured CD4+ lymphocytic cells. These studies were carried out by infecting H9 cells with HIV, followed by irradiation with a range of doses of UV both alone and in combination with a range of do
Physical exercise in HIV-infection: lymphocyte subset alterations depend on the degree of immunodeficiency.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):201 (abstract no. PO-A19-0402). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333851; Bogner JR; Middeke M; Weiss M; Sandor P; Rolinski B; Goebel FD; Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Munich, Germany.; OBJECTIVE: To determine if alterations of lymphocyte subsets after physical stress depend on the degree of immunodeficiency. While extreme physical activity seems to lead to a state of relative immune suppression in athletes, the role of physical exercise in HIV-infection remains to be clarified. METHODS: Exercise tre
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) in PBMC's from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):201 (abstract no. PO-A19-0400). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333852; Bishop SA; Stokes CR; Gruffydd-Jones TJ; Harbour DA; University of Bristol, Avon, UK.; FIV infection of cats has similarities to human AIDS and is promising as a small animal model for HIV infection. Our studies have shown that FIV-infected cats have qualitative defects in cellular immune function including impaired primary and secondary T-cell proliferative responses to foreign and recall protein antig
The effect of HIV-1 gp120 and anti-gp120 on CD4 T lymphocyte activation is dependent on the mode of T cell receptor-mediated stimulation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):201 (abstract no. PO-A19-0397). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333853; Liegler T; Stites DP; University of California, San Francisco 94143-0100.; HIV-1 gp120 could play a central role in inducing functional suppression of CD4 T lymphocytes following infection with HIV. In order to further understand the mechanisms involved in HIV-induced immunosuppression, we have studied the effects of recombinant HIV-1/SF2 gp120 and anti-gp120/SF2 antibodies on T cell recepto
Allergic reactions to cotrimoxazole correlate with decreased T-cell reactivity compatible with a Th1 to Th2 shift.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):202 (abstract no. PO-A19-0404). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333854; Keet I; Meyaard L; Boucher E; Koot M; Coutinho RA; Miedema F; Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; OBJECTIVE: A defect of Th1 helper cells, resulting among other things in diminished reactivity to CD3 antibodies has been observed in HIV infection. Evidence for a shift to Th2 helper cell responses, involved in allergic reactions, has been obtained Meyaard et al, this meeting). We investigated a possible correlation
Cytotoxicity on lymphocytes of Tat from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):202 (abstract no. PO-A19-0403). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333855; Benjouad A; Mabrouk K; Moulard M; Rochat H; Van Rietschoten J; Sabatier JM; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CNRS URA 1455, Faculte de Medecine Nord,; Marseille, France.; The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome codes for trans-activator Tat, a 86-residue protein which expression is critical for viral replication. Full-length Tat and Tat peptides from HIV-1 were chemically synthesized using optimized solid phase technique. Synthetic Tat was found not only to inhibit antig
Decreased cell mediated cytotoxic activity following HIV antigen and IL-2 stimulation in vitro.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):202 (abstract no. PO-A19-0406). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333856; Chia WK; Nisbet-Brown E; Li XY; Salit I; Joshi S; Read S; University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; PURPOSE: To examine cell mediated CMC activity in HIV infection and response to HIV antigen stimulation and rIL-2 in vitro. METHOD: CMC activity was measured using HLA-A matched EBV transformed human B cell lines expressing HIV env, gag and pol antigens as target cells. Effector cells were peripheral blood mononuclear
Enhanced CMC activity with rIL-2 in patients with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):202 (abstract no. PO-A19-0407). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333857; Chia WK; Li XY; Read S; Dept. of Microbiology, University of Toronto, Canada.; PURPOSE: To examine cell mediated cytolytic (CMC) activity in patients with HIV infection and the effect of exogenous rIL-2 on this activity in vitro. METHODS: CMC was measured using HLA matched EBV transformed B cell lines expressing HIV env, gag, and pol antigens as target cells in a 51Cr release assay. The effector
Lymphocyte cell death after in vitro activation in HIV2 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):202 (abstract no. PO-A19-0405). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333858; Jaleco AC; Covas MJ; Victorino RM; University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.; Recent evidence suggests that T cell depletion and dysfunction observed in HIV-1 infection could be due to lymphocyte apoptosis programmed cell death). As the progression of HIV-2 associated disease appears to be slower than in HIV-1, we investigated whether there were differences in the degree of T cell death after i
Platelet-mediated cytotoxicity and natural resistance of cells in HIV-1 seropositive individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):202 (abstract no. PO-A19-0408). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333859; Khaitov R; Trubcheninova L; Gorbunova Z; Chuvirov G; Trefilyeva N; Prokopenko V; Papuashvili M; Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia.; The study of platelet-mediated cytotoxicity, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes/macrophages activity in HIV-1-infected individuals in dynamics are of both theoretical and practical interest. We used the standard 18 hr 51/Cr release assay against the ACL monolayer culture of lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells to me
CD8-positive T-cells in the blood of HIV patients express TNF beta-mRNA constitutively.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):203 (abstract no. PO-A19-0413). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333860; Endres N; Wolf M; Wilhelm S; Jager H; Poppinger J; Classen M; Deusch K; II. Med. Klinik, TU Munchen, Germany.; In the early stages of HIV-infection a disproportionate expansion of the CD8-positive T-cell subset in peripheral blood can be observed. A large proportion of these cells express activation antigens as HLA-DR. Hence, we were intrigued to identify the functional properties of these cells. To this end, we employed PCR a
HIV proteinase triggered complement activation?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):203 (abstract no. PO-A19-0410). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333861; Kisseljew A; von der Helm K; Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Munchen.; The task of the HIV encoded proteinase is the maturation of virus particles to infectious HIV by processing the viral gag and gag-pol protein precursor. Recently it has been found that the HIV protease is also capable to attack proteolytically intracellular host proteins, predominantly those of the cytoskeleton. Now,
Immunology of the human male penile urethra.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):203 (abstract no. PO-A19-0412). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333862; Pudney J; Quayle A; Gordon C; Anderson D; Dept. of Ob/Gyn, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School,; Boston, MA 02115.; OBJECTIVE: To map and characterize immunocompetent and HIV host cells in the human male urethra. METHODS: Sections of urethra (n = 6) obtained at autopsy were reacted with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to identify subpopulations of white blood cells and components of the mucosal immune system. RESULTS: Numerous CD4
In vivo generation of special CD4-epitopes on CD8+ cells in the development of HIV-infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):203 (abstract no. PO-A19-0409). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333863; Bohm I; Brody M; Bauer R; Dept. of Dermatology, Univ. of Bonn, Germany.; OBJECTIVES: A hallmark of HIV-infection is not only the progressive loss of CD4+ lymphocytes, but also an increasing amount of CD8+ cells. However, the pathomechanism of the CD8+ lymphocytosis and its function in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-infection are still unclear. Previous studies demonstrating that even CD8+ c
Reactive oxygen species are the markers of HIV-infection development in children.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):203 (abstract no. PO-A19-0411). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333864; Polyakov V; Shepelev A; Savkova Z; Kokovkina O; Vtornikova I; Polyak A; Biopreparat SIU, Rostov on Don, Russia.; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promotes HIV replication and depends on pro-oxidant state of effector cells. The aim of the present study was to examine, if ROS might be prognostic markers for HIV infection progression in children (CH). To detect ROS in HIV-infected children we studied whole blood luminol-enh
Autoantibodies to nucleosomes in HIV-infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):204 (abstract no. PO-A20-0418). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333866; Viard JP; Chabre H; Bach JF; Dept of Clinical Immunology-INSERM U25, Hopital Necker, Paris, France.; HIV infection is accompanied by polyclonal B-cell activation and the production of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and cells. The presence of autoantibodies to dsDNA, total histones and nucleosomes in sera from 30 HIV-infected patients, as compared to sera from healthy blood donors, was measured by ELISA using puri
HIV-induced autoimmune-like changes in T/B repertoires.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):204 (abstract no. PO-A20-0420). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333868; Bell C; Dept. of Microbiology, UIC. Coll. Med., Chgo., IL 60680.; Several criteria characterize infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), leading to a progressive disorder whose end stage is the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): i) Depletion of the T helper/inducer (h/i) T lineage cells. This results from high affinity interaction between the HIV external envelop
On a role for co-selection between helper T cells and HIV in AIDS pathogenesis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):204 (abstract no. PO-A20-0419). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333869; Hoffmann GW; Dept. of Microbiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,; Canada.; An idiotypic network model of AIDS pathogenesis that is based on co-selection (mutual positive selection) of helper and suppressor T cell idiotypes can be extended to provide a novel interpretation of the high rate of mutation of HIV. The idea involves joint positive selection of helper T cell idiotypes and HIV varian
The intrathecal production of anti-HIV-1 specific IgM and IgG antibodies correlates with the local release of TNF-alpha.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):204 (abstract no. PO-A19-0417). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333870; Ciardi M; Sharief MK; Salotti A; Vullo V; Cirelli A; Sorice F; Dept. Neurochem., Inst. Neurol., London, U.K.; There is increasing evidence that tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-alpha), a central mediator of inflammation, plays a crucial role in the development and progression of AIDS. TNF-alpha enhances the replication of HIV and induces the expression of a wide array of inflammatory cytokines. It also selectively kills HIV-in
Unusual delta TCS1+gamma delta TCR lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of HIV patients correspond to the clinical development of the disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):204 (abstract no. PO-A19-0415). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333871; Bohm I; Brody M; Kreysel HW; Bauer R; Dept. of Dermatology, Univ. of Bonn, Germany.; OBJECTIVES: Although the function of gamma delta TCR cells is still an enigma, there is increasing evidence for their pathogenetic role in special infectious as well as in autoimmunological diseases. METHODS: We investigated lymphocytes from patients with HIV and other infectious and non-infectious dermatological dise
Contribution of allergy to the establishment and evolution of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):205 (abstract no. PO-A20-0422). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333874; Dikeakou T; Potouridou I; Andreadakis Z; Metaxotos N; Stavrianeas N; Stratigos J; Dept. of Dermatology, Univ. of Athens A. Sygros Hosp., Greece.; The aim of this work was to study the contribution of allergy to the contamination of the infection and the biologic evolution of the disease. 80 HIV (+) patients, aged 24-60 years, were included in the study. I. AIDS-Allergic No 23, II. AIDS non-Allergic No 17, III. Asymptomatic-Allergic No 23, IV. Asymptomatic non-A
Low prevalence of anti-histone antibodies in HIV-1 infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):205 (abstract no. PO-A20-0426). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333875; Lafeuillade A; Pellegrino P; Quilichini R; Monnier JC; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Chalucet Hospital, Toulon, France.; OBJECTIVE: Recently high prevalence of anti-histone antibodies in HIV-1 infected individuals has been found by some groups (AIDS 1992; 6: 933-942) with ELISA (44.4% positive sera against H2B; 91.9% positive sera against 204-218 H1). So, they have suggested that anti-histone antibodies could take a role in the pathophy
Parotiditis and Sjogren syndrome are associated with better outcome and longer survival.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):205 (abstract no. PO-A20-0421). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333876; Mendonca Neto EC; Brigido LF; Kaufmman A; Colonia AN; Duarte AJ; Cossermelli W; Autoimmunity Clinic, Rheumatology and Immunology Department,; University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.; OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the association of autoimmunity to progression of HIV related disease. In a prospective cohort of 35 HIV infected individuals with musculoskeletal and autoimmune syndromes (23 men and 12 women), 13 of which (37% 12 men and one woman) had enlargement of parotids. 8 (23%) of the male individuals also
Two groups of autoantibodies in AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):205 (abstract no. PO-A20-0423). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333877; Susal C; Hoffmann GW; Daniel V; Grant M; Opelz G; Institute of Immunol., Univ. of Heidelberg, Germany.; We reported recently on an association of anti-Fab autoantibodies with disease progression and loss of CD4+ T cells in HIV+ hemophiliacs (Blood 1992; 79:954). We now tested sera of the same HIV+ patients and controls for antiidiotypic activity against a-gp120, a-CD8, a-CD4 monoclonal abs, subclass controls, and rCD4.
Anti-lymphocyte antibodies in HIV-1 infected patients preferentially react with MHC class II negative T cells and are possibly induced by gp41.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):206 (abstract no. PO-A20-0427). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333878; Muller C; Kukel S; Schneweis KE; Bauer R; Dep. of Dermatology, Univ. of Bonn. FRG.; The majority of HIV infected patients develop antibodies against lymphocytes (ALA). It is unknown whether these are a consequence of unspecific immune stimulation or induced by specific antigens. Crossreacting antibodies between gp41 and MHC class II were reported. However, the majority of CD4 cells do not express MHC
Anti-HIV gp120 antibodies react with nuclear proteins in uninfected monocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):206 (abstract no. PO-A20-0431). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333879; Pinto LA; Sumar N; Dalgleish AG; Poulton TA; Division of Immunology, St. Georges Hospital Medical School, London,; U.K.; Increasing evidence suggests a molecular mimicry between HIV proteins and self antigens. In the present study we have analysed the intracellular immunoreactivity of monoclonal antibodies directed against HIV1 gp120 in normal monocyte derived macrophages, as part of a project designed to examine the intracellular traff
Autoantibodies against beta-2 microglobulin-free HLA molecules in HIV-infection development.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):206 (abstract no. PO-A20-0430). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333882; Borghi MO; Fain C; Barcellini W; La Rosa L; Beretta A; Meroni PL; Institute of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and; Immunopathology, University of Milan, Italy.; Activated human blood peripheral cells express a surface determinant recognized by a monoclonal antibody (M38) cross-reacting with the HIV envelope protein gp120. This antigen has been described as a class I HLA heavy chain in a particular form, not associated with beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m). It is recognized also
B-epitope mapping of myelin basic protein using AIDS patients sera.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):206 (abstract no. PO-A20-0432). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333883; Bracci L; Muller S; Santucci A; Roncucci G; Neri P; Dept. of Molecular Biology, Univ. of Siena, Italy.; Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) has been extensively studied as a putative autoantigen in Multiple Sclerosis. More recently the possibility has been analysed that an anti-MBP autoimmune response could be associated to leukoencephalopathy and demyelination in HIV-1 infection. Anti-MBP antibodies have been found in cerebrosp
p24 antigen-antibody correlation in sera of asymptomatic HIV carriers.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):207 (abstract no. PO-A21-0436). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333884; Bodjeva E; Beshkov D; Argirova R; Central AIDS Laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria.; OBJECTIVE: To find out the correlation between the increased recovery of HIV p24 antigen (Ag) after immune complex disruption ICD-according to Nishanian, 1991) and the level of p24 antibodies (Ab) in HIV asymptomatic patients (AsP). METHODS: Sequential sera (3-5) from 8 persons in different stages of HIV infection wer
Crossreactivity of anti-HIV-1 with the CD4 receptor molecule.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):207 (abstract no. PO-A20-0433). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333885; Kropelin M; Susal C; Opelz G; Department of Transplantation Immunology, University of Heidelberg,; Germany.; Autoantibodies against HIV-1 may be protective, enhancing or immunosuppressive. We describe an amino acid sequence identity SLWDQxxxP) between the CD4 binding subfragment of gp120 SLWDQSLKPCVKLTPK (aa: 110-125) and the CD4 molecule (aa: 60-68, SLWDQGNFP). By testing sera of HIV-1 infected patients in ELISA assays for
Experiments to induce in vitro antibody response of human lymphocytes against Treponema pallidum extract.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):207 (abstract no. PO-A21-0434). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333886; TerzievaLazarova V; Licheva E; Kuzeva V; Kehayov I; Lymphocytes from healthy donors or patients with lues were primed in vitro with saline extract of Treponema pallidum /Tr.pall/ in the presence of differentiation and growth factors /IL2, PWM, MLC/. It was established that both IgM and IgG secreted after antigen stimulation reacted in a specific manner to Tr.pall. anti
Longitudinal study of the IgG response to HIV-1 p17 gag protein in HIV-1+ haemophiliacs. Titers, subclass distribution and avidity.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):207 (abstract no. PO-A21-0438). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333887; Chargelegue D; O'Toole CM; Colvin BT; London Hospital Medical College, Dept. of Medical Microbiology, UK.; A 6 year analysis of the IgG response to HIV-1 p17 gag protein was done in HIV-1+ haemophiliacs who seroconverted between 1982 and 1985. In order to assess any prognostic value, p17 IgG titers were compared with p24 IgG titers, CD4 cell counts and p24 antigenemia. p17 IgG subclass distribution and avidity were also ex
Serology of human immunodeficiency virus in saliva.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):207 (abstract no. PO-A21-0435). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333888; Carcaba V; Fernandez E; Rodriguez Junquera M; Garcia Amorin Z; Alfonso J; Hooker N; Garcia Alonso S; Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Valle del Nalon, Langreo,; Asturias, Spain.; OBJECTIVES: The presence of immunoglobulins in saliva has enabled their specificity against antigens to be demonstrated. The presence of antibodies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in saliva has been demonstrated. Our intention is to evaluate the detection of these antibodies by means of a commercially avail
Spectrotype analysis of anti-V3 antibodies in azidothymidine treated HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):207 (abstract no. PO-A21-0437). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333889; Biselli R; Mazzarello G; D'Amelio R; Anselmo M; Loomis LD; Del Bono V; DASRS, Dep. of Medicine, Pratica di Mare, Rome, Italy.; OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have shown that Azidothymidine ( AZT ) treatment may augment some cellular immune function (i.e., nonspecific and herpesvirus-specific T lymphocyte responses and NK cell function). Spectrotypic analysis, as obtained by isoelec
Immunological reactivity against GAG-proteins in patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):208 (abstract no. PO-A21-0443). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333892; Haist S; Stuber G; Marz J; Rohrhofer A; Wolf H; Modrow S; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Regensburg,; Germany.; Due to their particle-forming properties GAG-proteins of HIV-1 may serve as a basis for recombinant vaccines. For this approach the exact immunological characterization of specific epitopes and functions localized in GAG-amino acid sequences is a prerequisite. For examination of the humoral immune reaction in HIV-pati
Production of anti-HIV IGA by infant B cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):208 (abstract no. PO-A21-0439). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333894; Reuben J; Kline M; Hollinger B; Lewis D; Doyle M; Shearer W; Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Houston, Texas 77030.; The serologic diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in neonates born to HIV-infected mothers is best accomplished by measuring anti-HIV IgA (IgA). We determined serum IgA and the ability of lymphocytes to produce anti-HIV IgG/IgA in vitro (IVIGP). Sera from 17 cord CB) and 40 peripheral (PB) blood samples obtained from 57 high
Study of the relationship between the serologic reactivity to V3-loop peptides and the capacity of sera of HIV infected individuals of European and African origin to neutralize in vitro HIV-1 IIIB and/or HIV-1 ANT 70.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):208 (abstract no. PO-A21-0444). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333895; Nkemkeng-Asong JN; Peeters M; Willems B; Nys P; Piot P; van der Groen G; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.; OBJECTIVE: 1. To determine the capacity of sera from African and European HIV seropositive individuals, to neutralize HIV-1 IIIB and/or HIV-1 ANT-70, two of the most genetic divergent HIV-1 strains documented so far (less than 50% amino-acid homology in env): 2. To study the correlation between the presence of neutral
HIV-1 molecular clones exhibiting three different mechanisms of neutralization escape from GP120 monoclonal antibodies.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):209 (abstract no. PO-A21-0446). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333897; Back NK; Smit L; Goudsmit J; Tersmette M; Department of Virology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; AIM: To analyze mechanisms of HIV-1 neutralization resistance. METHODS: We observed differential neutralization in a panel of HIV-1 IIIB-derived isolates. HXB2 molecular clones were generated chimeric for V3 domains or env fragments (nt. 5221-8021) derived from these isolates. The sequences of the inserted V3 and env
Immunoreactive properties of HIV envelope strong charged regions, V3 hypervariable loop and gp120 C-terminus.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):209 (abstract no. PO-A21-0449). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333898; Andreev S; Meshcheryakova D; Denisova S; Tarasova S; Vafina M; Sidorova M; Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia.; Most of studies on potential neutralizing epitopes (NEs) of HIV envelope have been exploited model systems-artificial HIV antigens and antibodies from animals. Numerous investigations was revealed that main NE is mapped to the central part of V3 loop of gp120. While precise NEs for natural human anti-HIV antibodies ar
Low anti-P24 antibody production in cultured PBMC from asymptomatic HIV-1 infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):209 (abstract no. PO-A21-0445). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333900; Galli M; Zehender G; Meroni L; Rusconi S; Riva A; Cocchi F; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: To study the in vitro production of anti-HIV antibodies from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMC) from HIV-1 infected individuals, in different clinical stages of infection. METHODS: Sera and PBMC from 33 HIV-1 infected individuals were collected: 26 CDC stage II (mean CD4 count 460 sd 324) and
Mannan-binding protein (MBP) activates the classical pathway of complement upon binding to the HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope glycoproteins, gp120 and gp110.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):209 (abstract no. PO-A21-0450). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333901; Haurum JS; Thiel S; Jones IM; Fischer PB; Laursen SB; Jensenius JC; Inst. f. Med. Microbiol., University of Aarhus, Denmark.; Mannan-binding protein is a mammalian plasma lectin which could possibly play a role in the humoral immune defence against various pathogens. It activates the classical pathway of complement upon binding to yeast carbohydrate, it functions as a serum independent opsonin, and a tendency to recurrent infections in infan
Cellular factors cooperatively interact with the Rev axis of HIV-1 autoregulation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):21 (abstract no. WS-A05-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333903; Bende S; Dayton E; Lee S; Dayton AI; National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda.; OBJECTIVES: We are promoting a novel methodology to identify and clone cellular factors mechanistically involved in the Rev regulatory pathway. METHODS: We have formed Rev/RRE complexes in the presence of nuclear extracts to look for cooperative interactions. Ternary complexes formed by Rev, cellular factors and 32P-l
Cellular localization of the HIV-1 Vpu protein.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):21 (abstract no. WS-A05-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333904; Maldarelli F; Willey R; Chen MY; Strebel K; Lab. Molec. Microbiology, NIAID, NIH; Bethesda, MD 20892.; The Vpu protein is an 81-amino acid integral membrane protein found in large amounts in HIV-1-infected cells, but is not detected in virions. Mutation of the vpu gene disrupts late steps in virion maturation, with decreased release of HIV-1 and budding into intracellular membranes. Vpu also interferes with formation o
Restricted virus production in latently infected glial cells is host-cell determined and associated with a block in Rev-dependent regulation.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):21 (abstract no. WS-A05-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333905; Neumann M; Pavlakis G; Kleinschmidt A; Erfle V; Felber B; Brack-Werner R; GSF-Inst. f. Mol. Virologie, Neuherberg.; OBJECTIVES. Investigation of HIV latency in glial cells. METHODS. Nucleotide sequencing; Virus rescue by cocultivation; Immunoperoxidase staining; p24-antigen capture ELISA; HIV-specific RNA-PCR analysis; Transfection with Rev and gag/RRE expression plasmids. RESULTS. Chronically HIV-1 infected glial cell clonal isola
Reversible and irreversible inactivation of integrated HIV-1 genomes by DNA CPG methylation: possible mechanism for latency.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):21 (abstract no. WS-A05-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333906; Ochs U; Bergmann S; Herbort-Brand U; Jung A; Lower R; Lower J; Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.; As a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus characteristically integrates its genome into host cell chromosomes, leading to a persistently infected state. The existence of human endogenous retroviruses reveals the possibility of cellular inactivation mechanisms. Furthermore the factors which influence HIV latency ar
The NF-kappaB/IkappaB connection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):21 (abstract no. WS-A05-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333907; Greene WC; Ganchi PA; Sun SC; Ballard DW; Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of; California, San Francisco.; The active nuclear form of the NF-kappaB transcription factor complex is composed of two DNA binding subunits, NF-kappaB p65 p65) and NF-kappaB p50(p50), both of which share extensive N-terminal sequence homology with the v-rel oncogene product. The p65 subunit provides the transactivation activity in this complex and
High antigenic cross-reactivity of the V3 consensus sequences of HIV-1 gp120.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):210 (abstract no. PO-A21-0453). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333908; Baillou A; Brand D; Denis F; M'Boup S; Goudeau A; Barin F; Departement de Microbiologie Medicale et Moleculaire, URA CNRS 1334,; CHRU Bretonneau and UFR Pharmacie, Tours, France.; OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reactivity of human sera positive for HIV1 antibodies towards peptides corresponding to the V3 region of HIV1. METHODS: Six peptides of 30 residues corresponding to the PND of HIV1 were synthetized. They corresponded to the North-American/European V3 consensus sequence (V3Cons), HIV1MN, HIV
HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in Mexican patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):210 (abstract no. PO-A21-0455). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333909; Barquet A; Gudino JC; Soler C; Unidad de Investigacion en Retrovirus Humanos, Universidad Nacional; Autonoma de Mexico.; OBJECTIVE: To determine neutralization antibodies to two different HIV-1 strains (HTLV IIIB/LAV and MEXC20-1) in HIV-1 positive Mexican sera. METHODS: 40 HIV-1 positive sera corresponding to 27 patients were tested in their ability to neutralize 500 TCID50 of either HTLVIIIB/LAV or MEXC20-1 using microscopically detec
Neutralising and enhancing antibodies measured in complement-restored serum samples from HIV patients do have clinical relevance.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):210 (abstract no. PO-A21-0451). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333910; Fust G; Kiss J; Banhegyi D; Ujhelyi E; Szabo B; Toth DF; Natl. Inst. Haematol Blood Transf. Immunol., Budapest, Hungary.; In order to study the association between the progression of HIV disease and HIV neutralisation and enhancement measured in the presence of human complement we made a prospective study. Titres of neutralising and enhancing antibodies were measured in the presence of complement in stored samples of 21 asymptomatic HIV
Neutralizing effects and ADCC in lentiviral infection mediated by bispecific antibody.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):210 (abstract no. PO-A21-0454). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333912; Mabondzo A; Boussin F; Rostoker J; Raoul H; Le Naour R; Wan-Sa Y; Romet-Lemonne JL; Dormont D; Medearex Inc. West Lebanon, NH 03784.; Fc receptors for IgG, expressed on human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) are involved in numerous immunologic functions. We have studied the biologic effect in HIV-1 infection of simultaneous double recognition of two distinct epitopes on Fc gamma receptor I of MDM using bispecific antibody (Bs-Ab). In this approac
Serial deletion mapping: a new method for evaluating linear epitopes in the V3 loop.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):210 (abstract no. PO-A21-0456). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333913; Seligman SJ; Dept. of Medicine, SUNY/Health Science Center, Brooklyn.; Accurate epitope definition is exceedingly important in studying the Principal Neutralizing Determinant (PND) of HIV-1 located within the V3 loop of gp120. Various methods have demonstrated overlapping neutralizing epitopes in the central portion of the loop. During the course of investigating reactivity of patients
Analysis of antibodies to the neutralizing epitopes of gp120 in HIV-infected individuals using anti-idiotype antibodies.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):211 (abstract no. PO-A21-0458). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333914; Hariharan K; Nara PL; Caralli V; McCutchan JA; Kang CY; IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, La Jolla, CA.; We have developed murine anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies anti-Id mAbs) specific for different human neutralizing anti-gp120 antibodies [J. Immunol. (1992) 149:649, J. Virol. 1993) 67: In press]. By utilizing these anti-Id mAbs we have attempted to establish a method of analyzing epitope-specific anti-gp120 antibod
Different methods to obtain human monoclonal antibodies directed against HIV envelope.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):211 (abstract no. PO-A21-0461). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333915; Desgranges C; Frasier C; Ebersold A; Dye D; Chargui J; Cesbron JY; INSERM U271, 151, Lyon, France.; OBJECTIVE: To produce in vitro human monoclonal antibodies HMabs) against the envelope proteins of HIV with neutralizing potential for therapeutic applications with different methods. METHODS: Two methods were used, Epstein Barr virus transformation or fusion with murine myeloma: -1 of peripheral blood B lymphocytes o
HIV-2 transmembrane glycoprotein cross reactive antibodies in Mexican HIV-1 positive sera.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):211 (abstract no. PO-A21-0457). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333916; Valadez N; Soler C; Unidad de Investigacion en Retrovirus Humanos, Universidad Nacional; Autonoma de Mexico.; OBJECTIVE: To study the cross reactive antibodies to HIV-2 virus observed in Mexican sera positive to HIV-1. METHODS: Homemade MSHIV-2 and HTLVIIIb/LAV Western Blot, with a standardized quantity of viral antigen, were used for detection and titration of homologous and heterologous antibodies. Negative HIV-1 sera were
Maternal neutralizing antibodies on the transmission of HIV from mother to infant.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):211 (abstract no. PO-A21-0459). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333917; Polliotti BM; Lee FK; Nesheim SR; Lindsay M; Keesling SS; Nahmias AJ; Dept. of Ped., Emory Univ. School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.; The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of maternal neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) on perinatal HIV transmission in women with one or several pregnancies. A retrospective study (1986-1992) of 100 pregnancies of HIV-positive women at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, was performed, included multiple
A consensus assay using PBL cultures for quantitation of neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1. Working Group on Neutralizing Antibodies.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):212 (abstract no. PO-A21-0465). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333920; Most of described neutralization assays have, so far, used cell lines; this point is a drawback for neutralization studies of field isolates and autologous strains from patients receiving HIV-1 vaccine as an immunotherapy. We present here a consensus technique for quantitation of neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 using
HIV-1MN V3-loop multiple antigenic peptides as tools to quantify neutralizing antibody specificity and as immunogen.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):212 (abstract no. PO-A21-0464). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333922; Vogel T; Norley S; Kurth R; Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany.; The aim of this study was to a) quantify the degree to which antibodies specific for linear epitopes of the HIV-1 V3 loop are responsible for the overall level of neutralizing antibody in patients sera and b) to test the suitability of multiple antigenic peptides (MAP) as immunogens. MAPS comprising eight HIV-1MN or H
Neutralisation of patient derived gp120 variants by autologous sera following substitution into an infectious molecular clone.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):212 (abstract no. PO-A21-0466). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333923; Walker R; Ashelford S; Harvey E; Brown AJ; Simmonds P; McKeating J; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.; OBJECTIVE: To investigate the specific humoral immune response of HIV-1 infected haemophiliac patients against homogeneous virus generated following insertion of full length gp120 patients sequences into a cassette vector (HXB2-MCS) modified from the infectious molecular clone HXB2. METHODS: Full length gp120 sequence
Neutralization of HIV-1 by Brazilian plasma.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):212 (abstract no. PO-A21-0468). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333924; Bongertz V; Galvao-Castro B; Morgado MG; Hendry RM; Dptm Immunol FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Eighty two plasma from HIV-1 seropositive brazilian individuals were titrated for neutralizing antibodies (NAb) using the MT2 microplaque assay against the IIIB and MN isolates of HIV-1. 96.4% neutralized the MN isolate (titers above 1:100) and 95.2% the IIIB isolate (titers above 1:20). Inhibition of HIV-1 neutraliza
Reactivity of plasma from Brazil with HIV-1 MN V3 peptides and HIV-1 MN neutralization.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):212 (abstract no. PO-A21-0467). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333925; Bongertz V; Galvao-Castro B; Morgado MG; Wigzell H; Hendry RM; Dept Immunology FIOCRUZ-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Reactivity of 84 plasma from HIV-1 infected individuals resident in Brazil with HIV-1 isolate MN PND peptides was tested. a) V3 52.2%) CNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN; b) #48 (55.2%) RKRIHIGPGRAFY; c) C52 (56.5%) PNYNKRKRIHIGPGR; d) C53 (49.3%) RKRIHIGPGRAFYTTK; e) C54 (27.5%) IGPGRAFYTTKNIIG
Antibody response to an immunoregulatory peptide of HIV-1 p24 core protein in sera of HIV infected subjects.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):213 (abstract no. PO-A21-0474). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333926; Cordiall P; Solmone M; Caprill F; Ameglio F; Giacomini E; Giordani L; Viora M; Ist. San Gallicano, Rome, Italy.; A synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of HIV-1 p24 core protein (AA 232-238) showed an immunosuppressive effect on in vitro antigen specific response elicited in PBL. In this study, the antibody (Ab) levels to a longer peptide (AA226-237) were measured in HIV-1-infected patients and compared to those of Abs to
Evaluation of immunological status HIV-infected in dynamic of infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):213 (abstract no. PO-A21-0471). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333927; Marichev IL; Protsap EI; Molyuk ED; Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health,; Kiev, Ukraine.; Immunological and serological monitoring of HIV infection has special importance and actuality for regions of Ukraine , suffered from consequences of Chernobyl accident. It deals not only with the possibility of changing of clinical picture, haematological, immunological and other
Production of human bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bs-mAbs) that neutralize HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):213 (abstract no. PO-A21-0473). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333929; Gorny MK; Karwowska S; Kaczmarek E; Zolia-Pazner S; NYU Medical Center, NY.; To produce bs-mAbs, one heterohybridoma producing a broadly neutralizing IgG3 anti-V3 mAb was back-selected for HAT sensitivity. This cell line was fused with any of several IgG1 anti-HIV- producing heterohybridomas, pretreated with iodoacetamide. Four such fused lines were created: two producing bs-mAbs specific for
Role of carbohydrate (CHO) residues of HIV-1 gp120 in its binding to antibody.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):213 (abstract no. PO-A21-0472). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333930; Karwowska S; Gorny MK; Zolla-Pazner S; New York University Medical School, NY.; To study the contribution of CHO to the epitopes of HIV, the binding of 12 human anti-gp120 monoclonal antibodies (HumAbs) or of sCD4 to recombinant gp120 was studied before and after oxidation of the CHO residues of gp120 using 5 mM sodium meta-periodate. Periodate oxidation under these conditions oxidizes each CHO r
Specificities of HIV-1 nef protein directed monoclonal antibodies.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):213 (abstract no. PO-A21-0470). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333931; Shi LR; Spohn R; Schneider EM; Jung G; Bruster HT; Wernet P; Institut fur Blutgerinnungswesen und Transfusionsmedizin, University; of Dusseldorf, Germany.; Seventy-nine monoclonal antibodies (mab) were produced by immunizing Balb/c mice with recombinant nef (isolate BRU). Using immunoprecipitation, histochemical staining and different ELISA with synthetic peptides, 44 of these antibodies could be defined in their individual specificity of linear epitopes. Two antibodies
Clearance of HIV-1 primary viraemia at seroconversion: mechanism of viral suppression.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):214 (abstract no. PO-A22-0476). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333932; Ariyoshi K; Nixon DF; Rowland-Jones S; Gotch F; Weber JN; McMichael AJ; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, U.K.; OBJECTIVE: We have recently reported the absence of neutralising antibodies around the time of disappearance of primary plasma viraemia in the two homosexual men (Lancet 1992.340: 1257). In this study HIV-1 specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte(CTL) activities around the seroconversion were evaluated. METHODS: Peripheral Bl
Identification of CTL epitopes in HIV-1 gag.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):214 (abstract no. PO-A22-0479). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333933; van Baalen CA; Klein MR; Keet IP; Miedema F; van Els CA; Osterhaus AD; Lab. of Immunobiology, National Institute of Public Health and; Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.; Identification of CTL epitopes in HIV antigens and of HLA alleles involved in the presentation of these epitopes is important for studies on AIDS pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy. HIV-1 gag specific CTL responses were detected in PBMC cultures from seven HIV seropositive individuals tested after stimulation with PFA
In vitro priming of human T helper lymphocytes (Th) against V3 loop peptides of HIV-1 gp120.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):214 (abstract no. PO-A22-0477). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333934; Billaud JN; Yagello M; Gluckman JC; CNRS URA 1463, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.; OBJECTIVE: Vaccine protection against HIV-1 appears to depend on the production of neutralizing antibodies (NA) directed to the V3 loop of gp120. Use of V3 peptides has been proposed for vaccines. We evaluated, thus, if V3 peptides are immunogens: i. e., capable of eliciting the Th activation required for induction of
Longitudinal evaluation of HIV-1 GP120-specific T helper cell responses in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):214 (abstract no. PO-A22-0480). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333935; Geretti AM; Borleffs JC; Van Els CA; Osterhaus AD; Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Institute of Public Health and; Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the kinetic of T helper cell responses to the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals with CD4 counts above 400 c/microliters. METHOD: PBMC from 36 HIV-infected individuals were tested for proliferation and IL-2 prod
Multicenter evaluation of HIV neutralizing antibody assay: an AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) study.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):214 (abstract no. PO-A21-0475). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333936; Farzadegan H; Lathey J; Hammer S; Schooley R; Rasheed S; Coombs R; D'Souza P; Spector S; Livnat D; Reichelderfer P; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HIV-1 p24 Ag capture EIA for in vitro assessment of neutralizing capabilities of patient sera against clinical viral isolates. METHODS: Eight ACTG virology laboratories developed and utilized a consensus protocol for determining the titer
The effect of variability in epitopic regions of HIV-NEF protein on the cytotoxic T-cell response.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):214 (abstract no. PO-A22-0478). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333937; Couillin I; Culman-Penciolelli B; Gomard E; Guillet JG; Saragosti S; INSERM U363, ICGM, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France.; Despite a very strong and polymorphic antibody and CTL response, the immune system fails to protect against HIV infection. The CTL response has been reported to disappear with progression of the disease but this is still controversial. One possible explanation for the development of AIDS is the emergence of viral vari
Antigen-specific IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta release by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):215 (abstract no. PO-A22-0481). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333938; Jassoy C; Harrer T; Rosenthal TM; Navia B; Johnson RP; Walker BD; Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wurzburg,; Germany.; OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 infection induces a vigorous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in infected individuals. To assess the potential role of HIV-1-specific CTL, we evaluated the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from seropositive individuals to release IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and
Efficiency of retroviral vector encoding the HIVLAI Nef protein for antigen presentation to and recognition by specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):215 (abstract no. PO-A22-0485). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333939; Robertson MN; Schwartz O; Buseyne F; Riviere Y; Unite de Virologie et Immunologie Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris,; France.; We have been able to detect Nef specific CTL in a number of HIV-1 infected donors, including patients in advanced stages of disease. These CTL activities were detectable in freshly isolated PBMC, as well as from CTL lines obtained by non-specific in vitro stimulation with an anti-CD3 monoclonal Ab and
HIV-specific CTL-response in healthy long-term seropositive persons.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):215 (abstract no. PO-A22-0484). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333941; Harrer E; Harrer T; Buchbinder S; Yilma T; Johnson RP; Walker BD; Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard; Medical School, Boston 02114.; OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cellular immune response to HIV in a cohort of asymptomatic HIV-1 infected individuals with documented infection of > or = 10 years and CD4 cells > 500, in order to determine the potential contribution of cellular immunity to the maintenance of the asymptomatic state. METHODS: HIV-specific CT
Lymphocyte response and profiles in human immunodeficiency virus-pulmonary tuberculosis (HIV-PTB) patients in Kenya.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):215 (abstract no. PO-A22-0486). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333942; Kivihya-Ndugga L; Ochola JJ; Otieno G; Muthami LN; Gachihi GS; Gathua SM; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi.; OBJECTIVE: To study indices that are predictive of HIV infection in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients. METHODS: 87 adults with proven PTB were recruited and tested for HIV infection using ELISA (Wellcome). The Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells/PBMC response to specific antigens and mitogens was accessed using the
Cartography of the HIV-specific CTL responses in the French IMMUNOCO cohort.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):216 (abstract no. PO-A22-0489). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333944; Autran B; Gomard E; Riviere Y; Bouley JM; Katlama C; Lab. Immunol. Cell. UACNRS 625, Hop. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.; AIM: CTL responses are major tools in the in-vivo control of HIV replication and recognize several epitopes that have been mapped in limited cohorts of patients. In order: 1/ to develop a rationale for immunotherapeutic and vaccine strategies based upon HIV-specific CTL responses, 2/ to extend and validate the CTL epi
Detection of HLA-A2 and HLA-B5 peptide binding motifs in the HIV-1 Nef protein.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):216 (abstract no. PO-A22-0492). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333945; Connan F; Hlavac F; Guillet JG; Choppin J; ICGM, INSERM U152, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France.; The Nef protein is strongly immunogenic and several groups have defined a series of human CTL-reactive epitopes presented by various HLA molecules and located in the central region and at the C-terminal end of Nef. However, in most cases, the optimal allele-specific binding motifs were not precisely defined. We have d
High incidence of anti-HIV-1 V I-J 1+, CD8+ T cells.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):216 (abstract no. PO-A22-0491). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333946; Kozbor D; Hyjek E; Wiaderkiewicz R; Kurzawski G; Lischner HW; Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson Univ.,; Philadelphia, PA.; OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the V I-J 1+ T cells, present in increased numbers and proportions in early HIV infection (J. Clin. Immunol., in press), have specificity for HIV or HIV-induced antigen(s). METHODS: V 1+, CD8+ T cells were separated by panning the PBMC of 3 adults, 2 toddlers and one adolescent with HI
HIV specific immunity in seronegative individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):216 (abstract no. PO-A22-0490). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333947; Bentwich Z; Jehuda-Cohen T; Bar-Yehuda S; Miltchan R; Kaminsky M; Vansover A; Kaplan Hospital, Hebrew University Medical School, Rehovot, Israel.; OBJECTIVES: To look for HIV specific immunity in exposed yet seronegative first degree relatives of Ethiopian HIV carriers. METHODS: HIV specific B and T cell immunity were determined in PBMC obtained from HIV seronegative relatives of HIV carriers belonging to several families of Ethiopian new immigrants, by generati
HIV-antigen contents of lymphocyte preparations used for autovaccinization in patients with HIV-infection and AIDS.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):216 (abstract no. PO-A22-0487). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333948; Schneider EM; Illes A; Holder A; Bruster HT; Institut fur Blutgerinnungswesen und Transfusionsmedizin, University; of Dusseldorf, Germany.; In the protocol used to stimulate immune response patterns of the T and B cell lineage against autochthonous++ HIV, 100 to 200 ml of a weekly lymphocytapheresis are inactivated by a standardized procedure with freezing and thawing cycles, ultrasonication and filtration. Patients receive one autologous HIV-preparation
HIV-1 specific cellular immunity in primary HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):216 (abstract no. PO-A22-0488). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333949; Connick E; Clark S; Saag MS; Schooley RT; Curiel T; U. of Colorado Health Sci. Ctr., Denver.; Primary HIV-1 infection is characterized by high titer viremia. Viremia then dramatically declines, often preceding the appearance of neutralizing antibodies (ab), suggesting that cellular immunity may be at least partly responsible. We have examined HIV-1 specific cellular immune responses in 4 subjects with recent i
Cytotoxic differentiation and activation of CD8+ T cells in lymphoid organs with their antigen-specific CTL function with HIV disease progression.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):217 (abstract no. PO-A22-0498). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333950; Autran B; Hadida F; Sasportes ML; Dudoit Y; Raphael M; Debre P; Lab. Immunologie Cellulaire UACNRS 625, Hop. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris,; France.; OBJECTIVES: To compare the cytotoxic differentiation and activation of CD8+ T cells in lymphoid organs with their antigen-specific CTL function with HIV disease progression. METHODS: CD8 lymphocytes were tested in 2-color IF for their cell surface expression and in tracytoplasmic content of activation molecules and pr
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity to HIV proteins and CD8 subpopulations in HIV positive children.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):217 (abstract no. PO-A22-0494). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333951; Aldhous MC; Watret KC; Froebel KS; Mok JY; Bird AG; HIV Immunology Unit, Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK.; OBJECTIVE: To investigate HIV-specific (gag, tat, pol, env) CTL activity in HIV+ve children, and to characterise, phenotypically, important CD8 T-cell populations. METHOD: CTL activity was measured in 8 HIV+ve children using a standard 4 hour 51-Cr release assay, with autologous EBV-transformed B cells infected with H
Distinct helper T-cell immunogenicity of rhesus monkeys immunized with three different SIVmac vaccines.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):217 (abstract no. PO-A22-0497). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333952; Dittmer U; Voss G; Stahl-Hennig C; Makoschey B; Luke W; Hunsmann G; German Primate Centre, Virology and Immunology, Gottingen.; OBJECTIVE: Helper T-cells have important functions in the regulation of the immune response against viral infections. We have compared the virus-specific T-cell-responses of rhesus macaques immunized with three different SIVmac-vaccines. METHODS: i) Five rhesus macaques received SIV split with Tween-ether, ii) three a
Longitudinal study of HIV-specific CTL activity during asymptomatic stage of HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):217 (abstract no. PO-A22-0495). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333953; Bariou C; Genetet N; Ruffault A; Michelet C; Cartier F; Genetet B; Lab. d'Immunologie, CRTS-CHRU Rennes, France.; In order to evaluate the contribution of specific CTL response in the control of HIV infection, we performed serial analysis of the activated HIV-specific CTL population within the PBMC of 9 infected individuals, over a 3-6 year period. Cytotoxic activity was assessed by standard 51Cr release assay. All samples for ea
Role of different naturally HIV-infected cells in the HIV specific CTL function.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):217 (abstract no. PO-A22-0493). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333954; Fiorentino S; Guillet JG; Gomard E; INSERM U 152-ICGM, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France.; The biological significance of CTL activation in HIV-infected individuals is a subject of unceasing interest. We are as yet unable to determine if there is any correlation between CTL activation and the maintenance of the asymptomatic state, or the beginning of the typical immunodeficiency syndrome. In order to unders
Structural and immunological reactivity of the principle neutralizing determinant V3 of gp120/HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):217 (abstract no. PO-A22-0496). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333955; Borbe HC; Stuber G; Wagner R; Wolf H; Modrow S; Institut fur Med. Mikrobiologie, Universitat Regensburg, FRG.; The variable domain V3 in the outer glycoprotein of HIV-1 is an highly important region with respect to immune reaction during the course of infection. Against this domain neutralizing antibodies are produced, in addition this domain is known to be functionally active as epitope for T-helper and cytotoxic T-cells in t
Antibody response in persons with AIDS and HIV-infected individuals after vaccination with influenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine and tetanus toxoid.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):218 (abstract no. PO-A23-0500). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333956; Kroon FP; van Dissel JP; de Jong JC; van Furth R; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Leiden, The; Netherlands.; BACKGROUND: Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infections in HIV-infected patients is recommended by health authorities in many countries. OBJECTIVE: To establish at what stage of HIV-infection antibody formation to T-lymphocyte dependent and -independent antigens is impaired. METHODS: Fifty-one HIV-infect
IgA & IgA subclass antibodies in serum & parotid saliva in HIV associated salivary gland disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):218 (abstract no. PO-A23-0504). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333957; Challacombe SJ; Rahman D; Greenspan D; Greenspan J; Centre for the Study of the Oral Manifestations of HIV Infection,; UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.; A proportion of patients with HIV infection suffer from a Sjogren s syndrome-like illness manifested by xerostomia with enlargement of the salivary glands apparently associated with an infiltration of CD8 rather than CD4 T cells. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to compare HIV salivary gland disease HIV-SGD) pa
IL-6 secretion and T cell autoantibodies in HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):218 (abstract no. PO-A23-0501). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333958; Weimer R; Zipperle S; Daniel V; Zimmermann R; Opelz G; Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.; To study the role of Il-6 in autoantibody formation of HIV infected patients, in vitro B cell responses, Il-6 secretion and T cell autoantibody formation were examined simultaneously in 67 hemophilia patients. 23 patients were HIV-negative, 27 HIV-positive stage CDC II,III and 17 were HIV-positive stage CDC IV. SAC I
Measles antibody as a manifestation of perturbations of immunologic memory in HIV infected children.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):218 (abstract no. PO-A23-0502). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333959; Brunell PA; Vimal V; Srugo I; Wittek A; Courville T; Israele V; Ahmanson Pediatric Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles,; California.; OBJECTIVE: To study persistence and avidity of measles antibody and recall in HIV infected children. METHODS: Measles antibody and avidity using 8 M urea were compared by ELISA in 17 HIV infected children studied for as long as four years following HIV infection and 36 age matched healthy children. The response of the
Plasma cells in the digestive tract of HIV infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):218 (abstract no. PO-A23-0503). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333960; Amiel C; Mole C; Bene MC; May T; Canton P; Faure GC; Lab. Immunology, CHU, Nancy, France.; Digestive disorders are commonly observed in HIV+ patients, a feature that might be related to the often mucosal route of contamination and tropism of this virus. Immunohistological investigations were performed on 56 tissue samples from 43 HIV+ patients (38 males, 5 females) (including 29 AIDS). The route of contamin
Resistance to HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):218 (abstract no. PO-A22-0499). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333961; Detels R; Visscher BV; Kan JL; Hennessey K; Wu ZY; Giorgi J; Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), Bethesda, Maryland.; OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility that host factors may play a role in determining resistance to HIV infection. METHODS: Levels of Immune cells in 248 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with more than 45 different partners in the interval from two years prior to entry into the MACS to 6 months after w
Adherence of Candida species to oral mucosa.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):219 (abstract no. PO-A23-0505). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333962; Sweet SP; Cookson S; Challacombe SJ; Dept. of Oral Medicine & Pathology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.; INTRODUCTION: Infection with HIV is associated with a marked increase in the prevalence of oral candidiasis, although it is unclear whether this is due purely to immune dysfunction or to the selection of species or strains of Candida with altered virulence determinants and greater pathogenic potential. OBJECTIVES: The
Anti-viral antibody levels in HIV-1 infected individuals. Transfusion Safety Study Group.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):219 (abstract no. PO-A23-0506). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333963; Nowicki MJ; University of Southern California, Los Angeles.; BACKGROUND: Hypergammaglobulinemia has been documented in HIV-1 infected patients. However, there are conflicting reports about specific antiviral levels. METHOD: As batches, we measured total immunoglobulins and antibodies to HAV, HBV, EBV, VZV, CMV , and rubell
Are there dose dependent effects of intravenous immunoglobulin IVIG) on B lymphocyte function in HIV infection?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):219 (abstract no. PO-A23-0509). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333964; Sander O; Jablonowski H; Willers R; Meier K; Wahn V; Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, FRG.; OBJECTIVE: Activated B lymphocytes, spontaneously producing immunoglobulins, are frequently found in HIV infected patients. The response to T cell dependent and independent B cell mitogens is markedly decreased. As IVIG is able to modulate the B cell function in patients with autoimmune diseases we raised the question
Fusion of human B cells with HIV-1 envelope-expressing T cells can be induced by antigen specific immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):219 (abstract no. PO-A23-0508). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333966; Golding H; Dimitrov DS; Blumenthal R; Golding B; Divisions of Virology & Hematology, CBER, NIH.; The possible contribution of antigen specific immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors on B cells to syncytia formation was examined. Initially, in a model system, we used anti-TNP/TNP interactions between a panel of TNP-specific human EBV transformed lines, and HIV-1 envelope expressing human CD4- T cells, which were haptenated
Low affinity receptor (Fc epsilon R) in T cells is associated with IgE production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in HIV+ patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):219 (abstract no. PO-A23-0510). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333967; Miguez-Burbano MJ; Baum MK; Moreno JN; Jin X; Shor-Posner G; Fletcher MA; Dept of Med, U Miami Sch of Med, FL.; OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of IgE receptor and IgE binding by PBL, to plasma levels and in vitro pokeweed mitogen PWM) stimulated production of IgE, in HIV infection. METHODS: Plasma IgE and IgE content of PBL cultures stimulated with PWM, were determined in 6 HIV+ and 3 HIV- subjects. CD4, CD3, CD8, B cells
Definition of assembly domains in the pr55Gag-precursor of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):22 (abstract no. WS-A06-3). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333968; von Poblotzki A; Niedrig M; Wagner R; Wanner G; Wolf H; Modrow S; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitat; Regensburg, FRG.; The pr55gag precursor of HIV-1 plays a critical role for the assembly of the virus. We tried to define regions in the pr55 mediating the interaction of the precursors. For this purpose overlapping peptides spanning the whole gag sequence were synthesized and their in vitro inhibitory activity was tested. Peptides deri
Deletion mutations in the U5 region of the HIV LTR perturb RNA packaging and reverse transcription.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):22 (abstract no. WS-A06-1). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333969; Vicenzi E; Migone TS; Martin MA; LMM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.; Deletions that eliminated the 5 (HIVDel-5 ), middle (HIVDel-MID) and 3 (HIVDel-3 ) thirds of the U5 region of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) in the context of an infectious molecular clone were studied for their effects on virus replication transient transfection) and infectivity (T cell lines and PBL s). All thD
Furin mediated cleavage activation of the HIV-1 glycoprotein and its inhibition by specific peptidyl-chloromethyl-ketones.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):22 (abstract no. WS-A06-4). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333970; Hallenberger S; Bosch V; Angliker H; Shaw E; Klenk HD; Garten W; Institut fur Virologie, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Germany.; To initiate an infectious cycle viral uptake of HIV by its target cells requires specific interaction between the viral envelope glycoprotein spikes, composed of gp120/gp41 subunits and its cellular receptor CD4. The larger subunit gp120 mediates binding to CD4, whereas the smaller transmembrane subunit gp41 is involvD
HIV-1 Vpu induces degradation of CD4 in vitro: the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 contributes to Vpu sensitivity.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):22 (abstract no. WS-A06-5). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333971; Chen MY; Maldarelli F; Karczewski MK; Willey RL; Strebel K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892.; CD4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein which functions as the HIV receptor for infection of human host cells. We have recently demonstrated that Vpu, an HIV-1 encoded integral membrane protein, induces rapid degradation of CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. We now describe an in vitro assay to monitor ER degradation D
Mapping of functionally important residues of a cysteine-histidine box in the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):22 (abstract no. WS-A06-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333972; Gottlinger HG; Dorfman T; Luban J; Goff SP; Haseltine WA; Div. of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard; Medical School, Boston, MA.; The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein contains two copies of a conserved sequence motif, the cysteine-histidine box, that is believed to be involved in viral RNA encapsidation. To identify functionally relevant positions, each amino acid in one copy was individually substituted by alanine scanning mutagenesis. Despite strongD
The role of membrane lipids in the HIV life cycle.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):22 (abstract no. WS-A01-6). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333973; Aloia RC; Tian HR; Lanza P; Mlekusch W; Zanetti M; Jensen FC; Loma Linda University, CA.; INTRODUCTION: We have previously demonstrated that the anti-Leu3A mAb-inhibitable fusion between 8E5 cells, carrying the HIV genome minus the pol gene) and expressing gp120, with target CD4+ cells, was significantly reduced after treating either or both cells with the long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaD
B cells functions during zidovudine (ZDV) therapy.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):220 (abstract no. PO-A23-0515). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333974; Boue F; Wallon C; Goujard C; Rudent A; Dormont J; Delfraissy JF; Service de Medecine Interne, INSERM U 131, Hopital A. Beclere-Clamart,; France.; B cells abnormalities are frequently observed in early stages of HIV infection, however the effects of antiretroviral therapy are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study B cells functions before and during ZDV therapy in HIV infected patients. METHODS: Two groups of asymptomatic patients with CD4/mm3 between 200 and 300 were stuD
B-cell numbers in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):220 (abstract no. PO-A23-0512). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333975; Lebrun F; Moutschen MP; Lefebvre PJ; Sondag D; Demonty J; Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium.; BACKGROUND AND AIMS: HIV infection is associated with marked B-lymphocyte function abnormalities such as increased spontaneous proliferation and impaired antigen-induced immunoglobulin secretion. Our study was performed to determine if the absolute number of circulating B-lymphocytes in HIV infected subjects is correlD
Elevated IgE in relationship to plasma vitamin E levels in early HIV-1 disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):220 (abstract no. PO-A23-0511). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333977; Shor-Posner G; Miguez-Burbano MJ; Mantero-Atienza E; Fletcher MA; Baum MK; Dept of Epidemiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL.; OBJECTIVE: To investigate a possible mechanism for the dramatic increase in IgE levels observed in HIV-1 infected patients. METHODS: As IgE formation has been shown to be affected by vitamin E status in an animal model, vitamin E, plasma IgE and CD4 cell counts were measured in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected (n = 26) andD
Our experience in phenotyping HIV-positive individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):220 (abstract no. PO-A24-0516). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333978; Sumnaliev M; Plochev K; Dikov I; Duhovnikova T; Valkova I; Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.; SUBJECT: Analysis of 242 HIV-positive individuals and 50 healthy blood donors used as controls. METHOD: The analysis was made with FACS can ant the following combination of monoclonal antibodies by the method of two-color flow cytometry: IgG-1FITC/IgG2a-PE, CD45/CD14, CD2/CD19, CD3/CD16&56, CD29/CD4, HLA-DR/CD8, CD
Zinc as immunological potentiator in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):220 (abstract no. PO-A23-0513). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333979; Neves Junior I; Rolla V; Goncalves VS; Campos Mello DL; Morgado MG; Dept. Immunol., Hosp. Evandro Chagas. IOC, FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil.; Zinc induces mitosis in lymphocytes which is monocyte-dependent. In addition, zinc promotes the differentiation and activation of human B cells, and can also mediate the synthesis of IL-1 and IL-4. In addition zinc augments the IL-2 production and the responsiveness of
Cell mediated response and T cell subsets in children with HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):221 (abstract no. PO-A24-0519). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333981; Duse M; Soresina A; Airo P; Prati E; Cattaneo R; Ugazio AG; Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Italy.; Functional abnormalities of T lymphocytes are the major and precocious feature of AIDS in vertically infected children, preceding the decrease of number of CD4+ cells. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for the impaired cell mediated immune functions remain unclear. We studied the T cell phenotype with monocl
Decreased proportion of CD4+ cells in HIV-1 positive individuals express CD28 marker while the increased CD8+ cells lack expression of CD28.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):221 (abstract no. PO-A24-0518). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333983; Choremi H; Viglis V; Gargalianos P; Kordossis T; Iniotaki A; Kosmidis J; Immunology Dept. Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.; CD28 marker is an auxiliary receptor promoting T lymphocyte activation and also its presence is connected with the cytotoxic function of CD8+ lymphocytes. In this work we studied CD28 antigen in both CD4 and CD8 subsets (MoAbs Becton Dickinson) in lysed whole blood of 84 patients with HIV-1 infection (WHO stage I-IV)
Defect in natural killer cell cytotoxicity and natural killer cell activation in HIV-1 seropositive individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):221 (abstract no. PO-A24-0521). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333984; Aquado E; Torre-Cisneros J; Villanueva JL; Kindelan JM; Solana R; Pena J; Servicio de Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba,; Espana.; Abnormalities in NK cell activity were reported in AIDS patients. The defective NK activity is observed, despite a normal or increased number of circulating cells with NK phenotype. Furthermore it has been demonstrated that PBL from AIDS patients maintain their capacity to bind to the target cell, even if they are not
Viral superantigen-induced anergy of T-cells in HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):221 (abstract no. PO-A24-0522). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333985; Scott-Algara D; Lafon M; Vuillier F; Pialoux G; Dauguet C; Dighiero G; Immunohematology and Immunopathology Unit, Hospital from Institut; Pasteur, Paris, France.; Very early in HIV infection, abnormalities in the immune response can be demonstrated, and this long before CD4 depletion occurs. These defective responses are observed despite the presence of very small numbers of infected cells. However, the reasons accounting for this hyporesponsiveness state, remain unclear as yet
CD8+CD57+ cells in HIV-related CD8 cell anergy.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):222 (abstract no. PO-A24-0526). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333986; Sadat-Sowti B; Debre P; Peries L; Sasportes ML; Hadida F; Autran B; OBJECTIVES: We have previously characterized a soluble inhibitor of cytolytic function produced by CD8+57+ cells, in relationship with HIV-related CD4+ cell depletion and decreased of CD8+ CTL function. We further studied the activation and the function of CD8+57+ cells in order to understand its role in the hyperacti
Defective protein tyrosine phosphorylation and overexpression of p59fyn, are associated to dysfunction of CD4 T cells from HIV-1 infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):222 (abstract no. PO-A24-0523). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333987; Cayota A; Vuillier F; Scott-Algara D; Siciliano J; Dighlero G; Immunohematology and Immunopathology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,; France.; Anergy of CD4+ lymphocytes, characterized by unresponsiveness to mitogens or TCR stimulation and defective IL-2 production, is observed early during HIV infection. To determine whether these activation pathways may be uncoupled from normal post-membrane signaling event
Natural killer cell function and number in HIV-1 positive patients: CD16/56+ cells with CD3- or CD3+ phenotype.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):222 (abstract no. PO-A24-0528). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333989; Dines I; Schechter M; Silva AT; Persechini PM; Instituto de Biofisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,; Brasil.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Natural Killer (NK) cell activity and number in HIV-1 infected Brazilian patients (pts) stratified according to either CD4 counts or WHO Staging System for HIV infection (WHOSS). METHODS: Ficoll isolated PBLs were used in standard 51Cr-release assays against K562 cells. The subpopulations were q
Sex, age, and lymphocyte subsets associated with 3-year CD4+ stability in HIV infection. Transfusion Safety Study (TSS) Group.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):222 (abstract no. PO-A24-0525). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333990; Operskalski EA; University of Southern California, Los Angeles.; BACKGROUND: HIV(+) persons may maintain CD4+ level > or = 500 cells/microL for a prolonged time. Factors associated with such stability are unknown. METHODS: Since late 1985, TSS enrolled persons with HIV-1 infection related to blood-borne transmission. They are seen at 6-month intervals for interim course and lab tes
The percentage of CD8+CD38+CD45RO+ lymphocytes relates to HIV clinical stage.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):222 (abstract no. PO-A24-0527). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333991; Bofill M; Lipman MC; Medina E; McCarthy KH; Johnson MA; Royal Free Hospital & School of Medicine, London, UK.; A CD8 population expressing CD38 & CD45RO (activation & memory markers), rarely seen in healthy controls, is present in HIV infected patients. This cell population discriminates between clinical stages of HIV infection with p
Changes in the phenotype of the monocytes of HIV-infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):223 (abstract no. PO-A24-0534). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333992; Zarev P; ARgirova R; Bezhkov D; Kenarova B; Plochev K; Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.; SUBJECT: Study of the changes in the surface markers of the monocytes in 78 HIV-infected individuals and 20 healthy volunteers. AIMS: Establishing the relation between HIV-antigen in the peripheral blood and the phenotype changes in monocytes. METHOD: Every six months the HIV-positive individuals were tested for antigc
Clinical correlates of NK cell number and activity in HIV positive patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):223 (abstract no. PO-A24-0529). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333993; Dines I; Schechter M; Silva AT; Persechini PM; Instituto de Biofisica, UFRJ, RJ, Brasil.; OBJECTIVES: To investigate: (1) NK cell function and number in patients (pts) staged according to the WHO clinical staging system (WHOSS); (2) in-stage differences in NK cell function and number as related to stage-defining clinical conditions. METHODS: Ficoll isolated PBLs were used in standard 51Cr-release assays agc
Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env gene in monocytic cells decreases Fc receptor mediated phagocytosis.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):223 (abstract no. PO-A24-0532). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333994; Thomas CA; Weinberger OK; Silverstein SC; el-Khoury J; Dept. of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New; York, NY 10032.; The high frequency of infections with opportunistic pathogens in HIV-1 infected individuals suggests a functional defect in mononuclear phagocytes. Monocytes/macrophages are known targets for HIV-1 infection. There are contradictory reports, however, concerning the effects of HIV-1 on monocyte/macrophage function. To c
Increase in a CD8+CD5- cell sub-population in peripheral blood of HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):223 (abstract no. PO-A24-0533). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333995; Mion M; Indraccolo S; Zamarchi R; Veronesi A; Amadori A; Chieco-Bianchi L; Univ. of Padova, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: To assess the behaviour of the CD8+CD5- subset in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: Phenotypic evaluation was performed by three-color cytofluorographic analysis with mAbs. The proliferative and cytotoxic activity in response to allogeneic stimuli was assessed on unfractionated PBMC, puc
Study of surface receptors of NK cells in HIV-positive individuals by means of tricolor flow cytometry.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):223 (abstract no. PO-A24-0531). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333996; Taskov C; Plochev K; Institute for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.; SUBJECT: 23 HIV-positive and 6 controls were investigated. AIMS: Analysis of T-cell surface markers in the peripheral blood of HIV-positive individuals. METHOD: The analysis was made with FACS sort and a combination of three monoclonal antibodies: CD3-FITC, CD16&56-PE and CD8-PerCP. The panel included also an the c
Tricolor flow cytometry analysis of CD4 and CD8 subpopulations in peripheral whole blood of HIV-positive individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):223 (abstract no. PO-A24-0530). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333997; Plochev K; Military Medical Academy-Sofia, Bulgaria.; SUBJECT: A phenotype investigation was carried out on 34 HIV-positive individuals in different clinical stages and 15 healthy controls. AIMS: Analysis of the expression or loss of surface receptors on the surface of two basic lymphocyte populations and their relation to the clinical development of the disease. METHOD:
Comparison of the alteration in "memory" and "naive" T cell subsets in HIV-2 versus HIV-1 infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):224 (abstract no. PO-A24-0540). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333998; Jaleco AC; Covas MJ; Pinto L; Caldeira L; Antunes F; Victorino RM; University Hospital, Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.; Some evidence suggests that in HIV-2 infection the progression of disease may be slower than in HIV-1 and thus we investigated possible differences of T cell subsets and T lymphocyte function between HIV-2 and HIV-1 patients (pts). Analysis of lymphocyte subsets was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from
Normal accessory cell function of monocytes from HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):224 (abstract no. PO-A24-0539). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93333999; Berger S; Kappus RP; Thomas CA; Stille W; Shah PM; Department of Internal Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitat,; Frankfurt/Main, Germany.; OBJECTIVES: Monocytes are a target for HIV-infection. The consequences of HIV-infection for monocyte function was investigated. METHODS: Accessory cell function of peripheral blood derived monocytes was examined by assessing their costimulatory effect on T4-lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogenic anti-CD3 monoc
NK cells in HIV infection. Relation with clinical stage and CD4 cell counts.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):224 (abstract no. PO-A24-0537). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334000; Portilla J; Sanchez J; Boix V; Munoz C; Sen ML; Perez-Mateo M; Hospital General de Alicante, Spain.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the NK cell counts, the clinical stage and the CD4 lymphocyte counts. METHODS: 128 HIV (+) patients were studied with determinations of CD4 and CD16 (NK) cells by flow cytometry. We made two groups: intravenous drug users (IVDU) and no IVDU, the patients were classified
Phenotypic modulations of H9 T cells infected either with HTLV-I, HIV-1 or doubly infected.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):224 (abstract no. PO-A24-0536). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334002; Noraz N; Fraisier C; Desgranges C; OBJECTIVES: HIV infected cells manifest a down-regulation or density modulation of surface molecules. In contrast, little is known about HTLV-I effect on these surface molecules. To investigate whether persistent infection affect the expression of cellular surface molecules, we have analysed surface markers expression
Reduced expression of Fcg RIII (CD16) on neutrophils from HIV infected subjects in different phase of disease.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):224 (abstract no. PO-A24-0538). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334003; Vanacore R; Carulli G; Paladini A; Sbrana S; Ceretelli S; Ambrogi F; University of Pisa.; OBJECTIVE: Fcg RIII (defined as CD16), a low affinity receptor for IgG, is expressed on neutrophils, natural killer and a small subset of T cells. Several data show that HIV infection may cause alterations of neutrophil function that may have clinical implications; so our aim was to evaluate the expression of CD16 on
Conservation of the TCR J beta gene usage in T cells from HIV infected individuals.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):225 (abstract no. PO-A24-0546). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334004; Hodara V; Jeddi-Tehrani M; Grunewald J; Andersson R; Scarlatti G; Esin S; Holmberg V; Libonatti O; Wigzell H; Dpt. Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.; The J beta gene segment of the T cell receptor (TCR) encodes part of the molecule that is believed to contribute to the interaction with the antigenic fragment presented by the MHC molecule on the antigen presenting cell. As we have shown previously for TCR V beta s, oligoclonal depletions of CD4+ T cells were observe
Evaluation of a device for delayed hypersensitivity skin testing in AIDS patients and healthy persons.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):225 (abstract no. PO-A24-0545). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334005; Barriqa AG; Castillo NP; Gaona PR; Hospital de Infectologia, C.M.R. I.M.S.S. Mexico City.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a disposable multiple skin testing device in the assessment of cell mediated immunity in healthy persons and AIDS patients. METHODS: 315 HIV-1 infected AIDS patients and 200 healthy peoples were studied with a disposable multiple skin testing device loaded with seven different standard antigens
Evaluation of lymphoproliferative response and lymphocyte phenotypes in AIDS patients co-infected with pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and chronic-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients (CRPT): comparative response between the PBMC and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC).: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):225 (abstract no. PO-A24-0541). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334006; Bonecini-Almeida MG; Moura CP; Carvalho PB; Werneck-Barroso E; Kritski AL; Galvo-Castro B; Morgado MG; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; OBJECTIVES: To compare the immune responsiveness in PBMC and BALC in AIDS patients co-infected with PT and PCP. METHODS: Twenty-two individuals, 3 controls and 19 patients divided into 4 groups: CRPT, 5 cases; AIDS/PT (diffuse involvement), 5 cases; AIDS/PCP, 4 cases; AIDS/other pneumopathies, 5 cases, had their immun
IL2 receptor expression and function in HIV(+) subjects.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):225 (abstract no. PO-A24-0542). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334007; Vanham G; Vingerhoets J; Kestens L; Penne G; Ceuppens JL; Gigase P; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.; OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression and function of interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) alpha and beta-subunits on peripheral blood lymphocytes from HIV infected persons, using chain-specific monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: Blood samples of 59 HIV(+) and 40 control persons were investigated. IL2R expression on lymphocyte
Selective relative increase of HLA-DR and CD38 expression on memory CD4 cells in HIV-positive subjects.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):225 (abstract no. PO-A24-0543). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334008; Kestens L; Vanham G; Vereecken C; Boel L; Gigase P; Inst. of Trop. Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.; OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of cellular activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR on naive (CD45RO-) and memory (CD45RO+) CD4 cells in HIV-infected subjects and HIV-negative controls. METHODS: Fresh peripheral venous blood was obtained from 54 HIV-infected subjects representing four different stages of HIV disease WHO
Vitamin D3 improves subnormal in vitro maturation in monocytes from AIDS-patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):225 (abstract no. PO-A24-0544). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334009; Haug C; Muller F; Froland SS; Rollag H; Aukrust P; Degre M; Inst. of Bacteriology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.; The monocyte-macrophage system is involved in HIV infection and AIDS. Previous studies in our laboratory have indicated a defect in the in vitro maturation of monocytes from HIV infected patients. As the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3 1,25D) has several immune regulatory effects and induces monocyte- to m
Clinical significance PMNs alterations in HIV infection.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):226 (abstract no. PO-A24-0550). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334010; Shepeleva GK; Serebrovskaya LV; Gabrilovich DI; Ivanova LA; Kravchenko AV; Pokrovsky VV; Spec. Res. Laboratory for Epid. & Prevent, AIDS 15, Moscow, Russia.; In this study we performed an analysis of relationships between PMN functional activity and clinical manifestations of HIV infection, duration of the infection, and degree of immunodeficiency. On the 63 HIV-1 infected adults (22 females and 41 males, aged 18-44) we found that the level of PMN functional activity inclu
Lack of T-cell recognition of common mycobacterial antigens in HIV-infected individuals-consequence or cofactor?: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):226 (abstract no. PO-A24-0551). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334011; Khoo SH; Wilkins EG; Fraser I; Stanford JL; Dept of Infectious Diseases, Monsall Hospital, Manchester, UK.; INTRODUCTION: Mycobacterial antigens may be grouped into those which are shared by all mycobacteria-the common mycobacterial group i) antigens, and those which are species or subspecies-specific (the group iv antigens). T-cell recognition may accordingly be directed towards common antigens (a category 1 response) or s
Natural killer cells at different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection: a one year prospective study of 163 patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):226 (abstract no. PO-A24-0552). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334012; Ticchioni M; Sapir J; Pugliese P; Durant J; Dellamonica P; Bernard A; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHR de Nice, France.; OBJECTIVES: Deficiency in natural killer (NK) cells is observed in AIDS related disease and may be of prognostic relevance since NK cells are involved in protection against viral infection and tumor. Therefore, we investigated, in a one year prospective study, whether NK cells determination would be of pronostic relev
Receptors expression to interleukin-2 (IL-2), C3-fraction complement (C3), T-general antigen (T-Ag) effected by HIV-2 capsid antigen.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):226 (abstract no. PO-A24-0548). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334013; Matsuka GK; Seniuk OF; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kiev, Ukraine.; Cells of the peripheral venous blood (lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes) of practically healthy people, tumorous patients and patients with lymphadenitis were incubated with HIV-2 AG for 4 hours. The receptors expression to IL-2 , C3, T-Ag was measured by immunofluore
T cell blastogenic responses to Toxoplasma gondii among HIV-infected patients.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):226 (abstract no. PO-A24-0549). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334014; Carrega G; Canessa A; Pistoia V; Argenta P; Cruciani M; Bassetti D; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa, Italy.; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cell-mediated immune response to Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) in HIV-infected patients (pts). METHODS: Thirty-one HIV-infected pts were studied. Of them, 26 had Toxoplasma serum antibodies, 5 had not. Eighteen pts had a CD4 cell count > 200/cmm (13 with and 5 without Toxoplasma serum antibodies)
T cell receptor usage in children born to HIV-1 infected mothers.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):226 (abstract no. PO-A24-0547). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334015; Hodara V; Halapi E; Jeddi-Tehrani M; Scarlatti G; Tovo PA; DeMaria A; Wigzell H; Rossi P; Dpt. Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.; We investigated T cell receptor (TCR) usage pattern in T lymphocytes at different time points in HIV+ and HIV- children born to HIV-1 infected mothers. Immunofluorescence technique with monoclonal antibodies specific for different T cell receptor V gene products and/or amplification of cDNA using primers that recogniz
Effect of long term zidovudine (ZDV) on in vitro cell-mediated immune response to mitogens.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):227 (abstract no. PO-A24-0553). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334016; Charrier F; Chevalier A; Lafay S; Livrozet JM; Touraine JL; Touraine F; Immunol. lab, Neurologic Hospital, Lyon, France.; The role of long-term ZDV treatment on the in vitro cell-mediated immune response was investigated, using mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation with lectins (PHA, ConA, PWM). Forty-one patients, stratified by CD4+ cell count, were included over a period of 48 months, respectively 15 treated patients classif.CDC: 1
In vitro antiviral activity of XM323 (non-peptidyl HIV protease inhibitor) against clinical isolates of HIV-1.: Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):227 (abstract no. PO-A25-0558). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93334017; Winslow DL; Scarnati H; Otto MJ; Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Glenolden, Pennsylvania.; OBJECTIVE: Using crystallographic structural information on HIV-1 protease, a novel series of non-peptidyl inhibitors of this enzyme has been designed. Our objective in this study was to determine the in vitro antiviral activity of XM323 against primary clinical isolates of HIV-1 using a standardized p24 antigen