Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1993. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
Genital mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus: an animal model for the heterosexual transmission of HIV.
Diss Abstr Int [B]; 52(7):3418 1992. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/93682469 Miller CR; Univ. of California, Davis
Abstract:
An animal model for the heterosexual transmission of HIV was developed by the application of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) onto the genital mucosas of both mature and immature male and female rhesus macaques. Virus preparations were infused into the vaginal canal (females) or urethra (males) through a soft plastic pediatric nasogastric feeding tube. One inoculation of cell-free SIV(mac) (10(4) iv animal infectious doses) caused viremia in 10/13 female rhesus macaques inoculated intravaginally (IVAG). Viremia was produced in 2/4 male rhesus macaques by twice placing cell-free SIV(MAC) (10(4) iv animal infectious doses) onto the skin and urethral os of the penis. All animals infected by this route eventually developed severe AIDS-like disease. SIV was recovered from mononuclear cells in semen and vaginal secretions. Placing a spermicide containing nonoxynol-9 into the vaginal canal prior to repeated IVAG inoculations of SIV prevented transmission of the virus in 3/6 female rhesus macaques. The humoral and genital secretory immune response to chronic SIV infection was compared between female rhesus macaques inoculated by iv or IVAG route. Total IgG levels in serum were 10-fold higher in SIV-infected animals when compared to uninfected controls. By immunoblot analysis, all SIV-infected macaques had detectable anti-SIV antibodies in vaginal secretions. The genital secretory immune response to SIV was similar in iv- and IVAG-inoculated animals. The anti-SIV response in the VW consisted mainly of IgG. Using IFA, it was determined that within the lamina propria of the reproductive tract of SIV-infected animals, there were essentially no IgA or IgG plasma cells but only a small number of IgM plasma cells, while normal animals had large numbers of IgA plasma cells. These findings suggest that the mucosal immune system of the female reproductive tract is impaired in chronic SIV infection. The SIV/rhesus model is suitable for assessing the role of cofactors in heterosexual transmission of HIV, and will be useful for testing the effectiveness of spermicides, pharmacologic agents and vaccines in preventing the heterosexual transmission of HIV. (Full text available from University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI, as Order No. AAD91-37145).
Keywords: Animal Female Gene Products, env/ANALYSIS/IMMUNOLOGY IgG/ANALYSIS IgM/ANALYSIS Immunity Macaca Male Mucous Membrane/MICROBIOLOGY Plasma Cells Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/ANALYSIS/IMMUNOLOGY Semen/MICROBIOLOGY Sexually Transmitted Diseases/IMMUNOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/ *TRANSMISSION *SIV/ISOLATION & PURIF Vagina/MICROBIOLOGY THESIS
930330
M9331104
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1993. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
