(Producer) Documents a legal needle exchange program that is saving lives. Injecting drug use can be linked to about one third of all AIDS cases nationwide, and in New Haven the problem was even more severe. In 1990, in response to this epidemic, the state legislature passed a bill legalizing the operation of a nee
[Seattle, Wash.] : AIDS Video Project, c1992 1 videocassette (58 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE AV/9300104A
(Producer) This video brings us voices from the frontlines of the AIDS epidemic and offers lessons on facing the inevitable result of this fatal disease. Viewers are introduced to a diverse group of individuals who share their thoughts on issues of life, death, and death s aftermath.
[Washington, D.C] : Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, [1987] 16 p (CRS report for Congress ; 87-239 A) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9217118
[Sydney, N.S.W.] : AIDS Bureau, NSW Dept. of Health, [1989-] v (AIDS and HIV infection statement ; no. 1, etc.) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9217012
Phoenix, Ariz. : Arizona Dept. of Health Services, Office of Health Promotion & Education, 1990- v. : ill., ports Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9300766
Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, c1991 xviii, 160 p (Versicherungsrechtliche Studien, ISSN 0178-4382 ; Bd. 19) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9300769
Washington, D.C. (1620 Eye St. N.W., Washington 20006) : United States Conference of Mayors, c1991 22 p (HIV education case studies ; no. 3 (May 1991)) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9301097
International Cervical Cancer Symposium. November 26-30, 1991, Saint Lucia, West Indies, p. 21, 1991.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/93685946
Fruchter RG; Maiman M; Remy JC; Serur E; Kelly P; State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY
Since 1987, we have studied the characteristics and response to therapy of cervical neoplasia in HIV-infected women at a public hospital in Brooklyn, NY. At least one half of HIV-infected women have abnormal cytology and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on biopsy. Of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) patients (pt
The most profound theme to emerge from studies of the human retroviruses is that regulation of gene expression can be achieved via binding of regulatory proteins to specific regions of the viral RNA. Two of the essential regulatory proteins of HIV-1, the transactivator gene (tat) and the regulator of virion protein-ex
Transcription of the HIV genome proceeds in distinct kinetic phases. Initially, short, multiply spliced mRNAs, which encode the viral regulatory proteins tat and rev, are expressed, whereas, late in infection production switches to full-length, unspliced transcripts that act both as the virion RNA and the mRNA for the
HIV-1 is subject to transcriptional regulation. The HIV promoter functions poorly in most cell types studied. For example, the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) directs a much lower level of heterologous gene expression in human CD4+ lymphocytes than does the LTR of the Rous sarcoma virus, an avian retrovirus. Sequence
The human immunosuppressive virus (HIV) and simian immunosuppressive virus (SIV) possess surprisingly complex genomes. In addition to three structural genes, gag, pol and env, which commonly are found in replication-competent retroviruses, HIV-1 has at least six regulatory genes in its genome. Two of these genes, tat
Various aspects of the life cycle of HIV are reviewed, including molecular determinants of clinical latency (cellular activation and HIV replication [activation and HIV DNA synthesis, activation and transcription of HIV genes], the question of whether viral genes are involved in clinical latency, self-limited HIV repl
The clinical characteristic of HIV-1 infection is the depletion of CD4+ T cells despite the relatively low frequency (10(-2) to 10(-4)) of infected CD4+ T cells early in the disease. One explanation for the T-cell loss is an early direct cell lysis of stimulated and infected T cells. Another mechanism proposed for the
Clinical Oncology Society of Australia Inc. Annual Scientific Meeting: From Laboratory to Clinic--an Integrated Approach to Cancer Research and Therapy. December 4-6, 1991, Sydney, Australia, p. 121, 1991.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/93686695
Milliken S; Goldstein D; Cooper D; Friedlander M; Penny R; Kelleher A; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
The development of NHL in AIDS conveys a poor prognosis with less than 10% of patients (pts) surviving beyond 2 yr. However, these aggressive tumors often require systemic chemotherapy to bring about effective palliation. In the last year, we have investigated the combination of cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, epirubicin
AIDS Updates; 4(5):1-12 1991. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/93686724
Scitovsky AA; Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Res. Inst., Palo Alto, CA
This article gives a brief survey of the demographics of AIDS incidence in the United States , from the first reports by the Centers for Disease Control in mid-1981 through February 1991, and a discussion of the direct medical care costs of the HIV epidemic (costs). These topics are add
Second International Congress on Oral Cancer. December 2-5, 1991, New Delhi, India, p. 49, 1991.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/93686950
Thomas S; Nath I; Dhawan IK; University Coll. of Medical Sciences, Shahdara, Delhi, India
Interest in an immunologic basis for the etiology, progression and treatment of malignant disease has prompted considerable investigation into the status of humoral and cellular immune mechanisms in cancer patients (pts). In this study, we have quantitated T cells and their subpopulations (helper and suppressor cells)
Haberzettl CA; Rutgers, the State Univ. of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
Spontaneous natural killer (NK) cell cytolytic activity is generally agreed to be decreased in full-blown AIDS patients (pts), but reports on the status of NK activity during the critical period prior to the development of full-blown AIDS are not in agreement. Our studies evaluated the quantitative and functional acti
Retroviral envelope glycoproteins interact with cell receptors and are targets for antiviral immune responses in infected hosts. SIV(mac) is a T-lymphocytopathic lentivirus which causes an AIDS-like disease in rhesus macaques. The envelope gene of SIV(mac) encodes a precursor glycoprotein (gp160) which is cleaved into
The objectives of this research are to develop and implement a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA in AIDS patients (pts). PCR provides us with a method that is both exquisitely sensitive and specific and, thus, perfectly suited to the characteriza
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is the causative agent of a disease in rhesus macaques which closely parallels acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These primate viruses are members of the Lentivirinae subfamily of retroviruses. Lentivirus infection
Researchers have sought to identify the value-relevant variables that might bias diagnosis, prognosis, and outcome. Abramowitz and Dokecki (1977), have identified a series of biases elicited by social and cultural variables such as gender, race, and social class. Other sources of bias related to patient (pt) character
The human CD4 protein is a 55-kD glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the cell surface of thymocytes and T-cells. CD4 functions in these cells to increase the affinity of a T-cell receptor (TcR) for antigen bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins. CD4 also acts as a coreceptor, complexing
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is believed to be the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The incidence of this fatal disease has increased in recent years. Efforts have been taken to develop effective AIDS therapies. One strategy is to inhibit the viral reverse transcriptase which is esse
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1), contains several genes encoding regulatory proteins in addition to the structural protein genes present in all known retroviruses. Two of them, tat and rev, are encoded by the same region of the viral genome. The genes for these proteins contain two overlapping exons wh
Banki K; Brachmann J; Hung C; Mattson D; Ablonczy E; Perl A; RPMI, Buffalo, NY 14263
We cloned a second human T-cell leukemia virus-related endogenous sequence (HRES-2), which is distinct from HRES-1 (NAR 17:6841-54, 1989). An HRES-2 cDNA was expressed in a prokaryotic vector. Recombinant HRES-2 protein was used to generate specific antibodies. HRES-2-specific antibodies identified the native protein,
The variable clinical response seen with most cancer immunotherapy suggests that individual patients have very different immunological mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of their specific malignancy. These can include important differences in tumor antigens on the malignant cells, as well as the specific immun
Feeney LA; Fredericks KH; Harvey SE; Okarma TB; Moody DJ; Applied Immune Sciences, Inc., Menlo Park, CA
Extracorporeal manipulation of autologous T cells is used in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and AIDS. Most of these approaches depend upon the ex vivo production of large numbers (greater than 10(10)) of effector cells. Two key improvements that can be made to improve the efficiency of this process would
Lopez-Cepero M; Keydar I; Dion A; Riley R; Lopez DM; Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Univ. of Miami Sch. of; Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
Splenic B cells from BALB/c mice express murine MTV (MMTV)-related protein on their cell membranes. This has been demonstrated by flow cytometry and by Western blots, using polyclonal anti-MMTV antibody. This protein has a mol wt of 68 kD and shares antigenic moieties with the env proteins gp52 and gp36. BALB/c bone m
This study utilized a small population of HIV-positive, symptomatic patients (pts) who were being treated with whole-body hyperthermia for Kaposi s sarcoma. An effort was made to identify any trends in the properties of the pts that might aid in the prediction of the HIV response to hyperthermia. This would allow for
The c-myc proto-oncogene has been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation, and neoplasia. Its expression is largely regulated at the level of transcription. I have mapped several regions upstream of the murine c-myc promoter which interact with nuclear proteins from the murine B-cell lymphoma cell line WEHI
Inhibition of gene expression via antisense RNA requires the synthesis of a considerable excess of antisense RNA over sense RNA, and with a few exceptions, RNA polymerase II-based transcription units are inadequate to generate such an excess of antisense RNA. Therefore, we have explored the use of RNA polymerase III-b
The mechanism of 2-5A synthesis and the binding and activation processes of RNase L were characterized using structurally and stereochemically modified analogs of ATP and 2-5A. It was established that the mechanism of 2-5A synthesis proceeds by inversion of configuration and that the 2 ,5 -phosphorothioate dimer can a
DNA polymerase (DNA-pol) activity was detected in serum samples of patients (pts) with leukemia, vitamin B12 deficiency or cytomegalovirus infection, using a standard assay technique based on detection of [3H]dTMP incorporated into DNA. DNA-pol activity was only detected in serum s
Gorochov G; Debre P; Leblond V; Sadat-Sowti B; Sigaux F; Autran B; Lab. of Cellular Immunology, Dept. of Hematology, Hopital; Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
A major expansion of the CD8+57+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes (ranges 15-60% PBL; normal values: 7 +/- 5%) is frequent after transplantation or viral infection. We observed oligoclonal TCR rearrangements in CD8+57+ T cells from 8/9 BMT leukemia-free patients (pts), but not in the control, autologous CD57- T cells. T
Tominaga T; Katamine S; Namba H; Yokoyama N; Nakamura S; Morita S; Yamashita S; Izumi M; Miyamoto T; Nagataki S; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School; of Medicine, Japan.
The pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases, including Graves disease, remains to be elucidated. Recently, Ciampolillo et al. proposed that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-related retroviruses were involved in Graves disease. Using Southern blot analysis, they found specific integration of exogenous se
Vince R; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy,; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455-0343.
(+/-) Carbocyclic 2 ,3 -didehydro-2 ,3 -dideoxyguanosine (Carbovir) is an antiretroviral agent which is undergoing preclinical evaluation for the treatment of AIDS. Its hydrolytic stability and its ability to inhibit infectivity and replication of HIV in T-cells at concentrations of approximately 400-fold below toxic
Katagiri N; Nomura M; Sato H; Tameda C; Kurimoto A; Arai S; Toyota A; Kaneko C; Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
The 1 - and 5 -hydroxymethyl derivatives of carbovir and related purine derivatives were synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylcyclopentadiene. The anti-HIV activity evaluation of these compounds has revealed that 9-(c-4,t-5-dihydroxymethylcyclopent-2-en-r-1-yl)-9H-adenine is a prospective chemotherapeutic agent against AID
Izuta S; Saneyoshi M; Sakurai T; Suzuki M; Kojima K; Yoshida S; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Nagoya University School of; Medicine, Japan.
Inhibition mechanisms of 5 -triphosphates of 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine (AZT-TP) and 3 -deoxythymidine (ddTTP) on extensively purified DNA polymerase gamma from bovine testes were examined by analysis of the products synthesized on singly primed M13mp18 single-stranded DNA or synthetic oligonucleotide template-primer
Rev Med Chil. 1991 Mar;119(3):293-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93067737
Weitz JC; Astorga B; Laboratorio de Referencia de Parasitologia, Instituto de Salud; Publica, Santiago de Chile.
We compared traditional methods based on argentic metamine and toluidine blue staining vs recently introduce techniques based on immunofluorescence for monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of P. carinii. Fifty samples were analyzed: 29 (58%) were negative by all method. Of the remaining 21.72% were positive for immu
Rev Med Chil. 1991 Mar;119(3):344-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93067747
Aguilera P
An alarming number of cases of the AIDS syndrome have been detected worldwide, and greater extension of the disease is expected in the near future. Ethical aspects are important in relation to AIDS, since freedom of human behavior is involved in most cases. Ethical aspects of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AID
Kojima E; Shirasaka T; Machida M; Yoshioka H; Murakami K; Mitsuya H; Research Laboratory of Bioresources, Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co. Ltd,; Iwakuni, Japan.
In order to study the structure-activity relationships of 2 ,3 -dideoxypurine nucleosides as potential anti-retroviral agents, various purine derivatives have been synthesized and tested against rous sarcoma virus (RSV) in chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, and against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in human CD4
Antisense Res Dev. 1991 Summer;1(2):173-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93044231
Taylor NR; Rossi JJ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Beckman Research Institute of; the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010.
Catalytic antisense RNAs, or ribozymes, have great potential as inhibitors of gene expression and as antiviral therapeutic agents. The major advantage of ribozymes versus standard antisense RNAs is their catalytic capability, enabling these RNAs to cleave multiple substrates. We have been investigating the antiviral a
Nakano K; Nakao T; Schram KH; Hammargren WM; PL Comprehensive Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
From the relationship between the molar ratio of nucleosides calculated stoichiometrically from modified nucleoside occurrences in major RNA species and the proportion of rRNA to all of RNA contents in average tissues, the increase of rRNA contents in cancer tissues growing rapidly was found. Thus, we found that selec
Nakane H; Suzuki A; Nakata Y; Kitade Y; Hirota K; Maki Y; Ono K; Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research; Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
N3-Methyl derivative of 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine 5 -triphosphate (Me-AZTTP) showed a potent inhibitory effect on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase using MS2 phage RNA as the template. The inhibition mechanism of MeAZTTP was noncompetitive with respect to any of the template MS2 RNA, dATP and dCTP. On the other hand, MeAZT
Shahbazian LM; Darban HR; Darban JR; Stazzone AM; Watson RR; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of; Arizona, Tucson 85724.
Chronic ethanol consumption impairs cellular immune functions. This may explain the increased occurrence of various opportunistic infections in heavy ethanol users. Immunological alterations associated with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) also permit more opportunistic infections. In this study, we used a m
Chang PY; Lin KC; Chuang CY; Wang CR; Chen MY; Hsieh WC; Wang GR; Cheng DL; Chang KS; Ko YC; et al; AIDS Advisory Committee, Department of Health, Executive Yuan,; Taiwan, ROC.
From May 1, 1985 to December 31, 1991, a total of 4,962,707 serum samples from 8 population groups in Taiwan were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1). In total, 256 samples were seropositive; of these in
Cannon WD Jr; Vittori JM; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San; Francisco School of Medicine 94143-0728.
There are an estimated 8 to 10 million people worldwide infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The true extent of infection in the population is unknown, and many are unaware of their HIV status. Arthroscopic and arthroscopically assisted surgery is less invasive and bloody than other orthopaedic procedures
Cohen B; Griffiths L; Dandy DJ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital,; Cambridge, England.
Arteriovenous fistula is a rare complication of arthroscopy. We report a human immunodeficiency virus-positive person with haemophilia who 19 months after an arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee presented with increasingly frequent haemarthroses and a palpable thrill over the knee. Angiography confirmed an arterioveno
Namboodiri MS; Nagpal S; Rao PV; Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science,; Bangalore.
Immunization of BALB/c mice with denatured DNA (dnDNA)-methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA) complex along with aluminium hydroxide gel as adjuvant, resulted in the induction of anti-DNA antibodies of both IgG and IgE isotypes demonstrable by avidin-biotin micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and solid pha
Herrmann M; Baur A; Nebel-Schickel H; Vornhagen R; Jahn G; Krapf FE; Kalden JR; Department of Medicine III, University Erlangen, Germany.
The involvement of retroviruses in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmunity is discussed. Recently antibodies against p24 of HIV-1 were described in patients from Texas with SLE. Therefore we investigated the presence of these antibodies in our SLE collective (German caucasians and blacks from Michigan) employing ELISA an
World Health Forum. 1992;13(2-3):101-11; discussion 112-27. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93039299
Wodak A; Alcohol and Drugs Services, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New; South Wales, Australia.
Steady progress is being made towards understanding the use of drugs for non-therapeutic purposes. The associated problems are increasingly regarded as having psychological, biological and social dimensions. There is a growing acceptance that the hazardous consumption of alcohol and other drugs can both result from an
HTLV-I, the etiological agent in adult T-cell leukemia, has also been strongly implicated in a number of non-neoplastic T-cell-associated diseases. Here, Junji Yodoi and Takashi Uchiyama review these associations and focus on the emerging concepts of IL-2R dysregulation and redox regulation by adult T-cell leukemia-de
Poulin L; Levy JA; Cancer Research Institute, University of California, School of; Medicine, San Francisco 94143.
OBJECTIVE: To study the biochemical properties of the HIV-1 nef gene product. DESIGN: Earlier reports suggested that Nef protein is phosphorylated and has kinase activity. These properties were examined using an in vitro translated product. METHODS: A DNA fragment encoding Nef of HIV-1SF2 was transcribed in vitro unde
Kestens L; Vanham G; Gigase P; Young G; Hannet I; Vanlangendonck F; Hulstaert F; Bach BA; Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical; Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of the activation markers human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and CD38 antigen on CD8+ T-lymphocytes in HIV-infected subjects and HIV-negative controls. DESIGN: Two- and three-colour flow-cytometric analysis. METHODS: Fresh peripheral venous blood was obtained from 16 HIV-infected subje
McKnight A; Clapham PR; Goudsmit J; Cheingsong-Popov R; Weber JN; Weiss RA; Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research,; London, UK.
OBJECTIVE: To study the induction of group-specific (gs) neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 after seroconversion. DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum samples taken sequentially from seven Dutch homosexual men and four British haemophiliacs (anonymous sample, therefore sex not known) before and after seroconversion were tested for
de Quay B; Malinverni R; Lauterburg BH; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medizinische Poliklinik,; University of Bern, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a single oral dose of N-acetylcysteine corrects the deficiency of cysteine and glutathione in plasma and mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. METHODS: Cysteine and glutathione were measured in plasma and peripheral blood mononucl
Pedersen C; Cooper DA; Brun-Vezinet F; Doherty R; Skinhoj P; Perol Y; Luthy R; Leibowitch J; Habermehl KO; Varnier OE; et al; Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in serum HIV p24-antigen levels in a subset of patients who participated in a European/Australian double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of zidovudine (250 mg every 6 h) alone or in combination with acyclovir (800 mg every 6 h) in patients with AIDS, AIDS-related
OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (ZDV) and its glucoronide metabolite (G-ZDV) in a patient with end-stage renal disease in haemodialysis. DESIGN: Pharmacokinetics study performed during and between haemodialysis sessions. METHODS: The patient was treated with oral ZDV (100 mg every 8 h). Concentr
Seidlin M; Lambert JS; Dolin R; Valentine FT; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New; York.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics and dose relationship of dideoxyinosine (ddI)-associated pancreatitis. DESIGN: Patients enrolled in a Phase I dose escalation trial of ddI [AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 064] were evaluated for signs and symptoms of pancreatic dysfunction. SETTING: Two
Berger JR; Scott G; Albrecht J; Belman AL; Tornatore C; Major EO; Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida 33136.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and pathologic features of two HIV-1-infected children with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University-affiliated, public-health trust hospital. METHODS: Two HIV-1-infected children with PML are described. A 13-year-old girl, presumed
Greenberg AE; Thomas PA; Landesman SH; Mildvan D; Seidlin M; Friedland GH; Holzman R; Starrett B; Braun J; Bryan EL; et al; Office of AIDS Surveillance, New York City Department of Health,; New York 10013.
OBJECTIVES: To define the spectrum of HIV-1-related disease in New York City (NYC) and to determine how the clinical spectrum of illness differs in various populations. DESIGN AND METHODS: The medical records of the 2983 HIV-infected individuals who had received care through 1989 at four hospital outpatient clinics an
McCusker J; Stoddard AM; McDonald M; Zapka JG; Mayer KH; AIDS Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of; Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.
OBJECTIVES: To assess associations of perceptions of sexual behavior change with actual risk behaviors and psychosocial variables, and to determine whether perceptions of behavior change predict subsequent behavior. DESIGN: Cohort study of homosexually active men. SETTING: Community health center in Boston, Massachuse
Muller O; Barugahare L; Schwartlander B; Byaruhanga E; Kataaha P; Kyeyune D; Heckmann W; Ankrah M; AIDS Information Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
OBJECTIVE: To describe clients, operation and impact of an African public HIV testing and counselling centre. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis of samples from clients attending the AIDS Information Centre (AIC) in Kampala, Uganda in early 1991. SUBJECTS: HIV-1-positive and HIV-negative
Graham GJ; Maio JJ; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, NY 10461.
Tandemly polymerized regulatory elements, antisense RNA segments or ribozymes are potentially useful in selective gene silencing. However, existing methods of tandemly polymerizing short DNA segments are laborious. We present a procedure that can create cloned arrays of 40-70 monomer units in two steps. We have create
Ronald PJ; Witcomb JC; Robertson JR; Roberts JJ; Shishodia PC; Whittaker A
Responsibility for many of the problems of intravenous drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection lies with community care agencies, such as general practitioners, community psychiatric and district nurses and drug agencies. It is in general practice that this burden is most clearly observed, given th
Philip T; Meckenstock R; Deconnick E; Carrie C; Bailly C; Colombat P; Dauriac C; Demaille MC; Salles B; Cahn JY; et al
14 adult patients between 16 and 50 years old with small non-cleaved cell lymphoma (Burkitt s lymphoma) were prospectively treated from 1982 to 1990 with the LMB protocols of the Societe Francaise d Oncologie Pediatrique (SFOP). No HIV-positive patients were included. All patients had extensive disease with bad progno
J Cancer Educ. 1992;7(3):251-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93040983
Michielutte R; Bahnson J; Dignan MB; Schroeder EM; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Bowman Gray School; of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; 27157-1084.
Research suggests that much of the available health education literature requires a level of reading ability that makes it inaccessible to a large proportion of the population in greatest need of health information. The present study tested the value of illustrations and a narrative text style as means of improving th
Serraino D; Salamina G; Franceschi S; Dubois D; La Vecchia C; Brunet JB; Ancelle-Park RA; Epidemiology Unit, Aviano Cancer Centre, Italy.
This paper describes the epidemiology of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Data, collected by the WHO Collaborating Centre on AIDS in Paris, France
Potts RC; Beck JS; Gibbs JH; Grange JM; Kardjito T; Stanford JL; Department of Pathology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital; and Medical School, UK.
The typical turgid Koch type and the non-turgid variant form (Listeria-type) of the tuberculin skin test responses were studied in 76 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 29 apparently healthy factory worker controls from Surabaya in Indonesia ; in general, the pat
Wolf HM; Pum M; Jager R; Istvan L; Mannhalter JW; Eibl MM; Institute of Immunology, University of Vienna, Austria.
The primary immune response to a viral antigen (tick-borne encephalitis, TBE) has been determined in haemophiliacs. Twelve HIV-negative and four clinically asymptomatic, HIV-positive haemophiliacs as well as 16 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Antibody responses after TBE vaccination were compa
Lefrere JJ; Mariotti M; Wattel E; Lefrere F; Inchauspe G; Costagliola D; Prince A; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.
The proviral copy (PVC) number in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals was measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to determine over time the relation between the viral load and the evolution towards the disease in HIV-infected p
Smith RR; Department of Radiology and Neurology, Indiana University School; of Medicine, Indianapolis.
The ability to detect and differentiate intracranial infection has markedly improved, first with the introduction of computed tomography and, more recently, with magnetic resonance. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is the procedure of choice in the evaluation of nearly all intracranial infections. The sensitivity o
Maeda M; Chest Disease Research Institute, Kyoto University.
HTLV-I is the first human retrovirus that was isolated from a patient with T-cell malignancy in 1980 in the United States . HTLV-I is detected in most patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and healthy carriers, who are frequently found in the southwestern parts of Kyushu and Shikoku
Hamada T; Setoyama M; Katahira Y; Furuno T; Fujiyoshi T; Sonoda S; Tashiro M; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima; University, Japan.
We examined HTLV-I integration patterns in nine cases of HTLV-I-seropositive patients with cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. The Southern blot on EcoRI digests of DNA revealed a discrete band of HTLV-I provirus (monoclonal integration) in either skin lesions or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Four cases sho
Brain tissue and spinal cord tissue from 12 patients who had died of AIDS was fixed in neutral formalin; then after the embedment of some of it in paraffin and some of it in glycol methacrylate, it was analyzed lectinhistochemically with mistletoe lectin I (ML I). Mistletoe lectin (ML I) is a reliable marker for micro
Mori S; Kondo N; Motoyoshi F; Kaneko H; Inoue Y; Orii T; Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine,; Japan.
Six heterogeneous common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients were analysed for germ-line DNA, DNA rearrangements, and RNA expressions of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene by Southern or northern blotting using appropriate probes. We detected no polymorphism in neutrophil DNA hybridized to a C mu and a C gamma probe. In t
Biochemistry. 1992 Oct 27;31(42):10153-68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93041701
Tomaszek TA Jr; Moore ML; Strickler JE; Sanchez RL; Dixon JS; Metcalf BW; Hassell A; Dreyer GB; Brooks I; Debouck C; et al; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham; Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406.
The muscle and heart lactate dehydrogenase (LDHs) of rabbit and pig are specifically cleaved at a single position by HIV-1 protease, resulting in the conversion of 36-kDa subunits of the oligomeric enzymes into 21- and 15-kDa protein bands as analyzed by SDS-PAGE. While the proteolysis was observed at neutral pH, it b
Koopman C; Rotheram-Borus MJ; Dobbs L; Gwadz M; Brown J; Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University.
From 1988 to 1991, 139 runaways aged 11-19 years in the New York City area (n = 70 males, 69 females) were recruited from four shelters. Each runaway participated in a semistructured interview assessing beliefs and behavioral intentions regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. When asked how they would re
Ashworth CS; DuRant RH; Newman C; Gaillard G; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham.
The effect of a 1-hr school-based AIDS/HIV education program on the knowledge and attitudes of high school students was evaluated with a modified version of the Centers for Disease Control Health Risk Survey. One urban and one suburban school each were randomly assigned to an educational intervention (n = 535) or a co
van Wijk GM; Hostetler KY; Suurmeijer CN; van den Bosch H; Center for Biomembranes and Lipid Enzymology, University of; Utrecht, Netherlands.
Phospholipid conjugates of antiretroviral nucleoside analogs have been proposed to have several advantageous features when compared to the parent drugs (Hostetler, K.Y. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 6112-6117). Here we report on the synthesis of one such type of lipid conjugates, i.e., nucleosides diphosphate diac
To elicit information on endoscope cleaning practices and the perceived risk of cross-infection, questionnaires were mailed to 500 physicians and 1,000 gastroenterology nurses and associates in November and December 1991. The survey results indicated that while the majority (83% of nurse/associates and 82% of physicia
Wood SJ; Wetzel R; Macromolecular Sciences Department, SmithKline Beecham; Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406.
We describe a new method for the transfer of carbohydrate moieties to polypeptides in which complex carbohydrate, in the form of glycosyl amino acid, is removed from an available glycoprotein, derivatized, and reacted with a polypeptide via an iodoacetylated alpha-amino group. A family of oligomannose chains, N-linked
J Vet Med Sci. 1992 Oct;54(5):1047-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93042257
Arai T; Ageto H; Shinofuji T; Sugawara M; Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nippon Veterinary and Animal; Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
Activities of certain cytoplasmic enzymes were measured in bovine T lymphoma (BTL-PC3 cells). The activities of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in PC3 cells were elevated as much as 2 or 3-fold of those in bovine thymocyte. The high activities of these enzymes derived from activation
Kohno K; Holan V; Matsuda S; Kurimoto M; Minowada J; Fujisaki Cell Center, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc.,; Okayama, Japan.
The effects of human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or maltose-stabilized IFN-alpha (MS-IFN-alpha) on IL-2 production by PHA- or anti-CD3 mAb-stimulated MOLT 16 cells, a human leukemic T cell line, were studied. MS-IFN-alpha is an IFN-alpha-containing powder in which mal
Shriner KA; Mathisen GE; Goetz MB; Department of Medicine, UCLA/San Fernando Valley Program.
Lymphadenitis is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of mycobacterial disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We compared the clinical, mycobacterial, and diagnostic characteristics of mycobacterial adenitis in 11 HIV-seropositive and 29 HIV-seronegative patients. Ninety-three percent o
Christin L; Sarosi GA; Department of Internal Medicine, Maricopa Medical Center,; Phoenix, Arizona 85010-5099.
We report two cases and review the characteristics of pyomyositis. The courses of patients who presented with pyomyositis at the Maricopa Medical Center (Phoenix) are detailed. Ninety-eight reported cases over the last 20 years in North America, found through a MEDLINE search, are summarized. Infection with the human
Douglas GC; King BF; Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine,; University of California, Davis 95616-8643.
The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among children is increasing in a manner that closely follows the spread of the disease among women. Despite the fact that in utero transmission via the placenta is though to play a major role in the spread of HIV to the pediatric population, little is kn
Hartstein M; Leaf HL; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine,; New York.
Tuberculous infections of the breast are considered rare in the developed world. We describe a case of mammary tuberculosis in a woman who was not initially known to be seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who was thought to have a pyogenic breast abscess. This uncommon presentation of extrapulm
Kaminski ZC; Kapila R; Sharer LR; Kloser P; Kaufman L; Department of Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical; School, University Hospital, Newark 07103-2425.
The first documented case of algal meningitis due to Prototheca wickerhamii is reported in a patient with AIDS. The initial CSF culture yielded only Cryptococcus neoformans. P. wickerhamii was isolated on four subsequent lumbar punctures. The patient died, and at autopsy the alga was isolated from leptomeninges over t
Louria DB; Denny T; Palumbo P; Rios M; Bianco C; Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health,; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey; Medical School, Newark 07103-2757.
A man was found to have a repeatedly positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that was confirmed by a western blot with six positive bands. He was told that he was seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but subsequent EIAs were negative and western blots were either negative or indeterminant. All other HIV-
Bartlett JG; Belitsos PC; Sears CL; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Chronic diarrhea is one of the hallmarks of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. The symptoms of this complication are troublesome, have a significant impact on the patient s quality of life, and in severe cases can lead to extreme abnormalities in fluids and electrolytes and can even cause death. The
An Med Interna. 1992 Oct;9(10):473-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93042508
Gabriel Botella F; Labios Gomez M; Balaguer Martinez JV; Vera Sempere G; Tormo Diaz M; Roda Ribera J; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clinico Universitario,; Valencia.
We present 57 cases of infectious endocarditis (IE) in 51 parenterally drug addicts (PDA) admitted at the Internal Medicine Service of the Hospital Clinico of Valencia between January ist, 1988 and January 15th, 1992. The disease affected young patients, 84% of them being HIV-1+ and 86% presenting CD4+ lymphocytes low
An Med Interna. 1992 Oct;9(10):501-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93042516
Soriano V; Gonzalez-Lahoz J; Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos; III, Madrid.
The spectrum of clinical manifestations associated to HIV infection is very broad. In addition to processes that may be attributed to the virus itself, multiple opportunistic infections can develop while the immunodeficiency develops. Any organ or system of the organism may be affected by these processes. The main cli
Munoz A; Carey V; Schouten JP; Segal M; Rosner B; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public; Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
In epidemiological settings, we are often faced with numerous short time series, and a parsimonious parametrization of the correlation structure is desired in order to optimize the efficiency of the estimation procedure. We propose a damped exponential correlation structure for modeling multivariate Gaussian outcomes.
Mathe G; Meyer P; Brienza S; Gil-Delgado M; Orbach-Arbouys S; Itzhaki M; Institut du Cancer et d'Immunogenetique (CNRS and Association; Claude Bernard), Villejuif, France.
The CD4+ CD8- inducer helper cell and the CD4- CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor cell absolute numbers were measured in the peripheral blood of patients with various pathological conditions: with leukemia-lymphomas or solid tumors, patients with bone marrow grafts suffering from GvH, HIV-1 asymptomatic carriers, ARC and AIDS
Tabucchi A; Carlucci F; Ramazzotti E; Re MC; Marinello F; Rubino M; Pagani R; Istituto di Biochimica e di Enzimologia, Universita di Siena,; Italy.
The most important purine nucleotides (NAD, AMP, IMP, GMP, XMP, ADP, ATP, GDP, GTP) were analyzed by HPLC in the lymphocytes of healthy subjects and HIV-1 seropositive patients at different stages of the disease (ARC-AIDS). Several differences, which focus attention on the behaviour of purine nucleotide metabolism in
Duesberg PH; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of; California, Berkeley 94720.
It is proposed that the new American and European AIDS epidemics are caused by recreational and anti-HIV drugs rather than by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Chronologically, the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s followed a massive escalation in the consumption of recreational drugs that started in the 1960s and 70s. Epi
Carelli C; Halbreich A; Bernard J; Bizzini B; Achour A; Zagury JF; Lebon P; Polliotti B; Folghera S; Laaroubi K; et al; INSERM U36, Paris, France.
HIV-1 antigens generate in man both a humoral and cellular immune reaction. However, in ARC/AIDS patients, the cellular response is inhibited by HIV-1 which induces an antiproliferative (suppressive) effect on activated T cells. To overcome this inhibition and up-regulate the cellular response, we designed a new vacci
Lipton SA; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,; Harvard-Longwood Neurology Program, Boston, MA 02115.
HIV-1-related neuronal injury may involve a complex web of viral proteins and cytokines, but neurons themselves are not infected. The HIV envelope protein gp120 has been shown to engender an early increase in neuronal free calcium followed by delayed excitotoxic-like damage, which is prevented by N-methyl-D-aspartate
Int J Hematol. 1992 Oct;56(2):135-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93043067
Hidaka M; Nakakuma H; Kawaguchi T; Nagakura S; Horikawa K; Okuno Y; Kagimoto T; Takatsuki K; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University; Medical School, Japan.
Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to be involved in the mitogenic response and in oncogenic cell transformation in many experimental models. We analyzed the expression of PKC in both highly purified leukemic T cells freshly isolated from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients and control T lymphocytes obtained from
The CSF volume of 45 patients with HIV infection was measured at various clinical stages and the results compared with 24 normals. 60% of all patients showed increased CSF spaces as an indication of cerebral atrophy. Serial measurements were particularly valuable during the early stages of atrophy since there is marke
Blood. 1992 Nov 1;80(9):2196-202. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93043331
Clerici M; Roilides E; Butler KM; DePalma L; Venzon D; Shearer GM; Pizzo PA; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Didanosine has shown activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in both children and adults. We prospectively assessed T-helper cell (Th) function as determined by in vitro interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) production in response to a panel of T-cell stimuli in 22 HIV-
Blood. 1992 Nov 1;80(9):2396-400. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93043357
Brettler DB; Somasundaran M; Forsberg AF; Krause E; Sullivan JL; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical; School, Worcester.
A group of 58 heterosexual female partners (FP) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive hemophiliacs was studied by conventional diagnostic methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis to examine whether any had acquired HIV-1 infection through sexual transmis
Kaplan SM; Winget C; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of; Medicine, OH 45267-0559.
Jurors on criminal trials carry a considerable burden of responsibility. They determine the defendant s fate. Additionally, during trials they can be exposed to stressful, frightening, and sordid aspects of life. The stressfulness varies depending upon the nature of the trial, its length, the nature of the testimony a
R I Med. 1992 Sep;75(9):437-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93043624
Romulo R; Brown University School of Medicine and Tuberculosis Clinic.
The increase in the reported cases of tuberculosis in Rhode Island from 1985 to 1991 has been striking. This rise has occurred at a faster rate than that for the United States overall. Although the HIV epidemic is largely to blame for the resurgence of tuberculosis nationwide, its impa
Ann Pharmacother. 1992 Sep;26(9):1081-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93043717
Deamer RL; Prichard JG; Loman GJ; Ventura County Medical Center, Office of Medical Education, CA; 93003.
OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to the oral administration of ciprofloxacin. CASE SUMMARY: Life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to oral ciprofloxacin, characterized by diffuse, erythematous, nonpruritic, blanching rash, with fever and hypotension, occurred in two
Ann Pharmacother. 1992 Sep;26(9):1099-108. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93043726
Sturgill MG; Rapp RP; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Rutgers; College of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the new macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin with erythromycin in terms of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and toxicity. DATA IDENTIFICATION: An English-language literature search employing MEDLINE (1987-91), Index Medicus (1987-91), Program and Abstracts
Ann Pharmacother. 1992 Sep;26(9):1127-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93043729
Sistek CJ; Wordell CJ; Hauptman SP; Department of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital,; Philadelphia, PA 19107.
OBJECTIVE: To review published abstracts, case reports, and journal articles and evaluate data examining the use of systemic corticosteroids as adjuvant treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS. DATA SOURCES: Computerized online databases, peer-reviewed journals from January 1986 throug
Tashiro T; Yamasaki T; Nagai H; Kikuchi H; Nasu M; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oita Medical University,; Japan.
Three patients with opportunistic infection preceding adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) are presented: a 66-year-old woman with cryptococcosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a 46-year-old man with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a 55-year-old woman with cryptococcosis. Although, at the first examination, the first
Gras-Masse H; Ameisen JC; Boutillon C; Rouaix F; Bossus M; Deprez B; Neyrinck JL; Capron A; Tartar A; Universite Lille II, URA CNRS 1309, Institut Pasteur, France.
The hypervariability of the gp120 envelope protein principal neutralizing domain, the V3 loop, represents a major problem in the design of vaccines against HIV-1. We have designed a mixed V3 loop peptide, termed mixotope, obtained in a unique synthesis, and containing around 7.5 x 10(5) different sequences of 22 to 25
Keusch GT; Thea DM; Kamenga M; Kakanda K; Mbala M; Brown C; Davachi F; ICAR Unit, Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire.
Chronic diarrhea and wasting are very common manifestations of AIDS in adults in developing countries. Etiologic studies show that protozoa (including Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, and Enterocytozoon bieniusi) and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulara are the most frequently identified pathogens. Limited data i
Antisense Res Dev. 1992 Spring;2(1):27-39. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93044239
Marti G; Egan W; Noguchi P; Zon G; Matsukura M; Broder S; Division of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Food and Drug; Administration, Bethesda, Maryland.
An antisense oligonucleotide phosphorothioate, previously shown to inhibit HIV-1 viral expression in chronically infected H9 cells, was fluorescently labeled to study oligonucleotide fluxes and localization within living cells. Observations based on flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy show the following: within
Clin Auton Res. 1992 Oct;2(5):295-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93044255
Coker RJ; Horner P; Bleasdale-Barr K; Harris JR; Mathias CJ; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London.
A 25-year-old homosexual man with a 2-year history of watery diarrhoea and a 20 kg weight loss is described. He had been diagnosed HIV-1 antibody positive 6 years previously. Investigations excluded opportunist pathogens and other known causes of diarrhoea. A range of anti-diarrhoeal medication had been unsuccessful.
Ruben SM; Morrison CL; Liverpool Drug Dependency Clinic, UK.
It is well recognized that many injecting drug users are poly-drug users. The intravenous use of Temazepam has become popular recently. In response to the ease of misuse, the pharmaceutical industry produced a formulation that would be as resistant as possible to injecting. The preparation is a gel-filled formulatio
A method for the purification of a truncated, biologically active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator (rTAT) from recombinant Escherichia coli is reported here. The purification steps utilized include mild extraction (French press), concentration by ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatograph
Variations in major thyroid hormone transport proteins may be inherited or acquired and may be associated with changes in serum concentration of the proteins or their affinity for thyroid hormones. These variations most frequently involve thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), but changes in transthyretin and albumin are a
Gresenguet G; Belec L; Herve VM; Massanga M; Martin PM; Service National des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles,; Bangui, Republique centrafricaine.
Semen from 16 HIV1-infected african individuals (12 at stage II/CDC; 4 with pre-AIDS) has been analyzed both quantitatively (volume; number of spermatozoa) and qualitatively (motility). 12 healthy HIV1-seronegative individuals were recruited as controls. The HIV1-infected patients showed generally abnormalities of the
Winter M; East Kent Haemophilia Centre, Thanet District Hospital, Margate,; Kent, UK.
Haemophilia is a rare and complex disorder and its successful management will depend upon the establishment of a network of comprehensive care including the services of haematologists, orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists, dental surgeons, physiotherapists, specialised nurses and counsellors. One of the major lesso
BMJ. 1992 Oct 3;305(6857):801-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93044851
McKeganey N; Barnard M; Leyland A; Coote I; Follet E; Public Health Research Unit, University of Glasgow.
OBJECTIVES--To identify the extent of HIV infection and injecting drug use among female streetworking prostitutes in Glasgow; to estimate the size of the female streetworking prostitute population in the city; and to estimate the number of HIV positive women working as prostitutes on the streets in Glasgow. DESIGN--Ob
Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1992 Jul;28B(1):39-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93044980
Laskaris G; Stergiou G; Kittas C; Scully C; Andreas Sygros Hospital, University of Athens.
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a recognised complication of AIDS and may involve the oral cavity. However, no case of Hodgkin s disease affecting the oral cavity in AIDS appears to have been recorded. We report a male homosexual with AIDS and Hodgkin s lymphoma, who presented with gingival involvement.
Bone Marrow Transplant. 1992 Sep;10(3):267-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93045009
Tuan IZ; Dennison D; Weisdorf DJ; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (PCP) can occur in immunocompromised hosts, especially AIDS and cancer patients. Although recent research has focused on PCP in AIDS patients, few studies have described the clinical presentation of PCP in recipients of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Between 1976 and 1991, of 1454
Pratt GF; Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library 77030.
From 1983 through mid-1991, more than 200,000 MEDLINE entries were AIDS-related. Close to 60% of the journals indexed in MEDLINE published at least one article on AIDS during the past ten years. As reflected by a subset of 29,077 MEDLINE records, the literature of AIDS has grown to encompass 29 languages and 65 countr
Heyes MP; Saito K; Crowley JS; Davis LE; Demitrack MA; Der M; Dilling LA; Elia J; Kruesi MJ; Lackner A; et al; Section on Analytical Biochemistry, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
Neurological dysfunction, seizures and brain atrophy occur in a broad spectrum of acute and chronic neurological diseases. In certain instances, over-stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors has been implicated. Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist synthesized from L-trypt
Dekaban GA; Hudson AJ; Rice GP; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of; Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Previous studies have failed to provide serological evidence to incriminate a retroviral infection in the cause of multiple sclerosis. Gene amplification techniques have also failed to identify retroviral footprints in DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes. Here we provide evidence that proviral DNA of HTLV-I and HTLV-
Can Med Assoc J. 1992 Nov 15;147(10):1493-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93045900
Chiavetta J; Nusbacher J; Tam F; Wall A; Steaffens J; Lee H; Blood Transfusion Service, Canadian Red Cross Society, Toronto; Centre, Ont.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II (anti-HTLV-I/II) in people from an HTLV-I/II-endemic area (the Caribbean) living in a nonendemic region ( Canada ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional household survey. SETTING: Households in Toronto
Dutt AK; Stead WW; Alvin C. York Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,; Murfreesboro.
In the United States , the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is higher in elderly persons than in any other segment of the population, except in HIV-infected persons. The diagnosis of TB, however, is all too often not considered in geriatric patients. Although elderly nursing home resident
Tanowitz HB; Kirchhoff LV; Simon D; Morris SA; Weiss LM; Wittner M; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, New York.
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of morbidity in many countries in Latin America. The important modes of transmission are by the bite of the reduviid bug and blood transfusion. The organism exists in three morphological forms: trypomastigotes, amastigotes, and epimastigotes. The mech
Cancer Res. 1992 Dec 1;52(23):6507-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93046169
Gelber C; Eisenbach L; Feldman M; Goodenow RS; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University; School of Medicine, California 94305.
We have analyzed the phenotypes of the T-cell subsets generated in response to Lewis lung carcinoma clones in C57BL/6J recipients. The metastatic derivative, which expresses low levels of H-2Kb gene, predominantly elicited CD8, V beta 8, and V beta 9+ T-cells. The nonmetastatic clone expressing high levels of H-Kb gen
Cancer Surv. 1992;13:173-204. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93046227
Oliver RT; Nouri AM; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal London Hospital Medical; College.
Review of the relationship between the degree of immunosuppression and malignancy in patients on immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressed by HIV infection, postoperative blood transfusion or pregnancy provides the most convincing evidence of the importance of intact T cell immunity in resistance to cancer. Defectiv
The inflammatory myopathies encompass a group of heterogenous muscle diseases which have in common an acquired myopathy with histological signs of endomysial inflammation. We present evidence based on recently emerged clinical, histologic, immunopathologic, demographic and therapeutic observations that these myopathie
Rao CV; Desai D; Kaul B; Amin S; Reddy BS; Division of Nutritional Carcinogenesis, American Health; Foundation, Valhalla, New York.
Propolis, a honey bee hive product, is thought to exhibit a broad spectrum of activities including antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and tumor growth inhibition; some of the observed biological activities may be due to caffeic acid (cinnamic acid) esters that are present in propolis. In the present study we syn
Nakashima H; Murakami T; Yamamoto N; Naoe T; Kawazoe Y; Konno K; Sakagami H; School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
A class of synthetic lignins (dehydrogenation polymers of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid) inhibited cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. The ratio of cytotoxic to anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) doses depended strongly on conditions during polymer preparation. The activity increased
Nagaoka H; Nohta H; Saito M; Ohkura Y; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka,; Japan.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with precolumn fluorescence derivatization using 2-(5-chlorocarbonyl-2-oxazolyl)-5,6-methylenedioxybenzofu ran is described for the quantification of 2 ,3 -dideoxyinosine, a therapeutic drug for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and 2 ,3 -dideoxyadenosine, an anti-hum
Selective and potent HIV protease inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine [Apns; (2S, 3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid] as a transition-state mimic were designed and synthesized. Among them, conformationally constrained tripeptide derivatives, kynostati
Smucny J; Hom D; Ellner JJ; Carey JT; Houser HB; Calabrese LH; Edmonds K; Bowerfind E; Proffitt M; Yen-Lieberman B; et al; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of; Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4984.
Detailed questionnaires concerning alcohol and drug use, sexual practices, and medical history were completed by 301 homosexual men living in the Cleveland metropolitan area. Their sera were subsequently tested for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. Fifty-six (18.6%) were seropositive. In a univariate ana
Ostlere LS; Langtry JA; Branfoot AC; Staughton RC; Department of Dermatology, Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
We describe a case of PLEVA in an asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient. This association has not been previously described. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed.
von den Driesch P; Fartasch M; Hornstein OP; Department of Dermatology, University Erlangen-Nurnberg,; Germany.
This report describes two patients suffering from severe chronic actinic dermatitis. Unusual widespread vitiligo-like depigmentation occurred during the course of the disease. The progression of these lesions was triggered by the chronic actinic dermatitis. Loss of pigment and complete absence of tyrosinase positive m
McGregor JM; McGibbon DH; St John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
Localized granuloma annulare is the commonest form of a granulomatous dermatosis characterized by flesh coloured or violaceous papules often arranged in rings. Several rare atypical variants are also reported including disseminated or generalized, subcutaneous and perforating types. There is a predilection for females
Pugliese O; Viora M; Camponeschi B; Fei PC; Caprilli F; Chersi A; Evangelista M; Di Massimo AM; Colizzi V; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Universita di Tor Vergata, Rome,; Italy.
The recent report that anti-gp120 antibodies can be induced by allogeneic stimuli in experimental animals in the absence of HIV, has focused attention on the structural similarities between gp120 and MHC. Here we report that some HIV+ individuals develop antibodies which similarly react with the gp120 HIV sequence (aa
Capsoni F; Minonzio F; Ongari AM; Colombo G; Rizzardi GP; Bonara P; D'Arminio-Monforte A; Zanussi C; Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces de novo expression of IgG Fc receptor type I (FcRI) on neutrophils and significantly raises the level of these receptors on monocytes. Since increased concentrations of IFN-gamma have been observed in sera from patients with HIV infection, FcRI expression might also be increased on
Scott-Algara D; Vuillier F; Cayota A; Dighiero G; Immunopathology and Immunohaematology Service, Pasteur Institute,; Paris, France.
NK cell activity is impaired in HIV-infected patients. The mechanisms behind the altered NK functions are not clear, and conflicting data concerning NK and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity have been reported. In order to investigate whether this impairment is also observed at the clonal level a
Activation of the cellular transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) by cytokines and other immunostimulants has been tightly linked with enhanced replication of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in infected cells. Various immunomodulators are currently being examined in animal and human trial
Mezaki T; Kaji R; Kimura J; Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Hospital.
We treated three patients with spastic paraparesis with botulinum toxin (BTX). Two of them had scissors gait reflecting the hypertonus of adductors. In both, an injection of BTX to the responsible muscles improved gait, albeit transiently. The effect was shortlived, probably because increased tonus in non-injected por
Sahai J; Gallicano K; Garber G; Pakuts A; Hawley-Foss N; Huang L; McGilveray I; Cameron DW; Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if therapeutic doses of naproxen affect the in vivo disposition of zidovudine. METHODS: This was designed as a randomized, two-period, two-treatment, crossover study. The patients were 12 men infected with human immunodeficiency virus who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-re
Comtois R; Pouliot J; Gervais A; Vinet B; Lemieux C; Department of Medicine, Notre-Dame Hospital, University of; Montreal, Canada.
We report on a patient who presented with a Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Intravenous pentamidine (4 mg/kg/day) was given for 14 days without the occurrence of adverse effects. During this treatment, the mean (+/- SD) serum pentamidine trough concentration was 94 +/- 16 ng/ml. Three days later, the patient was admit
Re MC; Furlini G; Vignoli M; Ricchi E; Ramazzotti E; Bianchi S; Guerra B; Costigliola P; La Placa M; Institute of Microbiology, University of Bologna, Italy.
In a retrospective study of 31 pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), nine (29%) infants presented unequivocal signs of HIV-1 infection (persistent p24 antigenemia and/or positive virus isolation). All serum samples obtained from the others, during pregnancy and on delivery, were stu
Chupka LA; Birden HH Jr; Andrews L; School of Business Administration, University of Connecticut.
Data on the provision of care to persons with AIDS at Hartford Hospital are presented for the years 1988 and 1989. Approximately 2% of the total operating loss from uncompensated care at the hospital was due to patients with AIDS during both of those years. While the hospital continues to show a net surplus of revenue
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1992;181:239-63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93048145
Meltzer MS; Gendelman HE; Department of Cellular Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.
We have presented evidence in this review for the following: 1. Macrophages are likely the first cell infected by HIV. Studies document recovery of HIV into macrophages in the early stages of infection in which virus isolation in T cells is unsuccessful and detectable levels of antibodies against HIV are absent. 2. Ma
FitzGerald JM; Mayo JR; Miller RR; Jamieson WR; Baumgartner F; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of British; Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Canada.
Tuberculosis is increasing in prevalence in North America, mainly due to HIV infection. We describe an unusual case of TB of the thymus in a HIV sero-negative Filipino immigrant who preoperatively was thought to have a thymoma. We describe the clinical, radiologic and pathologic findings and review the literature on T
Cury JD; Harrington PT; Hosein IK; University of Florida Health Science Center, University Medical; Center, Jacksonville.
A 34-year-old HIV-infected man was successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy alone for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia and has survived longer than six months. In the current literature, only two of seven HIV-infected patients so treated have survived as long as six months. Based on our experience and the available l
Hoang P; Senju M; Lowes JR; Jewell DP; Gastroenterology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
A method was developed to isolate colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes in patients with ulcerative colitis (N = 8) and normal controls (N = 13) in order to characterize their phenotype using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. In both groups, the majority of the cells are of the CD3+CD8+ phenotype asso
Health Psychol. 1992;11(5):300-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93049141
Marks G; Bundek NI; Richardson JL; Ruiz MS; Maldonado N; Mason HR; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern; California, Los Angeles 90033.
We examined self-disclosure of HIV infection among 101 seropositive Hispanic men residing in Los Angeles. Results indicated that disclosure was highly selective and presumably influenced by the social, psychological, and material consequences of informing others about one s medical condition. Subjects tended to inform
Health Psychol. 1992;11(5):307-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93049142
Gladis MM; Michela JL; Walter HJ; Vaughan RD; Department of Psychiatry Medical College of Pennsylvania,; Philadelphia 19129.
We examined perceptions of risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 296 high school students living in or near a major urban center. We hypothesized that students with a dispositional tendency to deny threat would be more likely to misperceive their risk of contracting AIDS. Results indicated that study p
EMBO J. 1992 Dec;11(12):4419-28. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93049192
Gilmartin GM; Fleming ES; Oetjen J; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of; Vermont, Burlington 05405.
The architecture of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome presents an intriguing dilemma for the 3 processing of viral transcripts--to disregard a canonical core poly(A) site processing signal present at the 5 end of the transcript and yet to utilize efficiently an identical signal that resides at
Ferry A; Rieu P; Laziri F; el Habazi A; Le Page C; Rieu M; Laboratoire de Physiologie des Adaptations, U.F.R. Cochin; Port-Royal, Universite Paris V, France.
The aim of this study was a detailed examination of the effects of moderate exercise on T-cells in adult male Wistar rats. The T-cell populations were compared in sedentary rats (C, n = 5) and in rats trained for 4 weeks on a treadmill (30-60 min.day-1, 6 days.week-1, 20-30 m.min-1) and sacrificed at rest (T-rest, n =
Verhoef J; Gekker G; Erice A; Peterson PK; Balfour HH; Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital,; Utrecht, The Netherlands.
A quantitative coculture assay is described for determining susceptibility of HIV-1 isolates to zidovudine and sCD4 (178)-PE40 (a 60 kDa hybrid protein consisting of the gp120 binding region of CD4 linked to the translocation and ADP-ribosylation regions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin). The assay was relatively si
Fomsgaard A; Hirsch VM; Johnson PR; Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University, Rockville.
To study the interaction between the primate lentiviruses simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the CD4 receptor we have cloned and sequenced the CD4 molecule from six non-human primate species: African green monkeys (three subspecies: sabeus, pytherethrus, aethiops), sooty man
After incubation of rat cortical cell cultures with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coat protein gp120 for 12 h, cells showed fragmentation of DNA at internucleosomal linkers, the characteristic feature of apoptosis. In a quantitative approach, it was determined that the percentage of DNA fragmentation
Zanetti AR; Zehender G; Tanzi E; Galli C; Rezza G; Cargnel A; Boschini A; Mari D; Pizzocolo G; Mazzotta F; et al; Department of Hygiene, University of Camerino, Italy.
The seroprevalence of HTLV-I/II was evaluated in 1247 Italian individuals at high risk for HIV infection. The population studied consisted of 985 intravenous drug users (IVDUs), 474 of whom on methadone maintenance and 511 in a therapeutic community, 110 HIV-infected patients in various stages of HIV-related disease a
Serraino D; Franceschi S; Vaccher E; Diodato S; Errante D; Crosato I; Guarneri S; Tirelli U; Epidemiology Unit, Aviano Cancer Centre, Italy.
In order to assess modes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from heterosexual intravenous drug users (IVDUs) to their partners, condom use and sexual habits with both steady and occasional partners were investigated. A total of 349 heterosexual IVDUs (247 men and 102 women) who ignored, at the time of
Eur Respir J. 1992 Sep;5(8):1018-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93050107
Bergin C; Murphy M; Lyons D; Gaffney E; Mulcahy FM; Depts of Genito-urinary Medicine, St. Jame's Hospital, Dublin,; Ireland.
Toxoplasma gondii infection is an uncommon cause of pneumonitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report a case of fatal pulmonary toxoplasmosis, which clinically resembled Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Conventional diagnostic methods for toxoplasmosis lack sensitivity. Bronchosco
FEBS Lett. 1992 Nov 16;313(1):47-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93050217
Sawada M; Suzumura A; Kondo N; Marunouchi T; Division of Cell Biology, Institute for Comprehensive Medical; Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), the cause of adult T-cell leukemia, is also associated with the neurological disease, TSP/HAM (tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy). The HTLV-I genome encodes a protein, Tax, that trans activates viral and cellular gene transcription. To understand
Mutlukan E; Dhillon B; Aspinall P; Cullen JF; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland.
A pilot study of low contrast visual acuity testing using Regan Charts has been undertaken in 34 patients seropositive for Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus and 20 normal control subjects. Low contrast visual acuities of the HIV (+) patients both with and without HIV retinopathy were found to be significantly lower than t
Dev Biol Stand. 1992;77:191-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93050820
Chihara G; Biotechnology Research Center, Teikyo University, Kawasaki,; Japan.
Lentinan, a (1----3)-beta-D-glucan with (1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside branches and its related polysaccharides have marked antitumour activity in allogeneic, syngeneic and autochthonous primary hosts, suppress chemical and viral oncogenesis, and prevent cancer recurrence or metastasis after surgery. Results of the c
Though antibodies against HIV-1 appearing in the course of infection are successfully used for the diagnostic purposes, their accumulation on the earlier step leads to: firstly, to the rapid generation of the immunodeficiency by different mechanisms and secondly, to inefficiency of immunotherapy. One of the causes for
Fujii M; Tsuchiya H; Chuhjo T; Akizawa T; Seiki M; Department of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Kanazawa; University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Tax1 of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a transcriptional activator for viral gene expression and is also a transforming protein through inducing the expression of several cellular genes under the control of mitogenic signals. We identified the CArG boxes as a Tax1-responsive cis-acting element for the
Tiley LS; Madore SJ; Malim MH; Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center,; Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Among eukaryotic transcription trans-activators, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein is exceptional in that its target site TAR is an RNA rather than a DNA sequence. Here, we confirm that fusion of Tat to the RNA-binding domain of the HIV-1 Rev protein permits the efficient activation of an HIV
Ciaffoni S; Luzzati R; Roata C; Turrini A; Antonello O; Aprili G; Servizio Trasfusionale e di Immunoematologia, Ospedale Civile; Maggiore, Verona, Italy.
BACKGROUND. HIV-infected patients may contract a variety of other concurrent infections, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), that are known to be causes of transient cold agglu
Torlontano G; Di Bartolomeo P; Di Girolamo G; Angrilli F; Verani P; Maggiorella MT; Dragani A; Iacone A; Papalinetti G; Olioso P; et al; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Giovanni; Rotondo, Roma, Italy.
A 26-year-old man with AIDS-related complex (ARC) was treated with high-dose busulphan and cyclophosphamide, followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. For 3 months before transplantation he received a combination of four drugs considered active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to reduce the viral b
Houben GF; Abma PM; van den Berg H; van Dokkum W; van Loveren H; Penninks AH; Seinen W; Spanhaak S; Vos JG; Ockhuizen T; TNO Toxicology and Nutrition Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Administration of the colour additive Caramel Colour III to rats has been associated with decreased numbers of lymphocytes and several other changes in the immune system, as well as in immune function parameters, specifically in animals fed a diet with a relatively low vitamin B6 content. The effects are caused by the
Sugiura C; First Department of Oral surgery, Hokkaido University School of; Dentistry, Sapporo, Japan.
The highly tumorigenic rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line cKDH-8-cl-11 was xenogenized by transfection with an envelope (FV-env) gene derived from Friend murine leukemia virus. The transfected tumor cells, expressing the FV-env gene product on the cell surface, were injected into normal and immunosuppressed (irrad
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;43(9):885-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93052124
Markowitz JC; Klerman GL; Perry SW; Cornell University Medical College, Payne Whitney Clinic, New; York, NY 10021.
In an open pilot study, 23 depressed adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus were treated using interpersonal therapy. Twenty subjects recovered from depression after a mean of 16 sessions. The authors discuss six aspects of interpersonal therapy that make it useful with depressed HIV-infected persons: psych
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;43(9):891-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93052125
Chung JY; Magraw MM; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; 55455.
Women now constitute the fastest-growing population of persons with AIDS in the U.S. The psychosocial problems of women with AIDS and HIV infection are underrecognized, and economic, personal, and social resources to meet their needs are often inadequate. The authors describe development of a group for HIV-infected wo
Yanagihara R; Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute; of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), is widespread in the Pacific basin. Modes of virus transmission include blood transfusion (and intravenous drug use), breast milk, and sexual inte
OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in travellers attending the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, and to assess correlates and behavioural risk factors for infection. DESIGN--All patients tested for HIV infection during a 28-month period were included. Information was obtained from clinical r
Le Beau MM; Ito C; Cogswell P; Espinosa R 3d; Fernald AA; Baldwin AS Jr; Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Illinois; 60637.
The regulation of expression of a variety of genes involved in immune function, inflammation, and cellular growth control, as well as control of expression of certain viruses such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is dependent on the transcription factor NF-kappa B. In many cells, NF-kappa B is found in the c
Fridkis-Hareli M; Abel L; Globerson A; Department of Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science,; Rehovot, Israel.
Patterns of lymphocyte development in the thymus were analysed, focusing on newly emigrating bone marrow (BM) and resident thymic cells. We co-cultured foetal (Day 15 of gestation) thymic explants (FT, C57BL/Ka, Thy-1.1), with BM cells from young (2-3 months) or old (24 months) syngeneic, Thy-1 congenic (C57BL/6J, Thy
Immunol Lett. 1992 Jun;33(1):99-104. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93052543
Riera NE; Galassi N; de la Barrera S; Rickard E; Muchinik G; Perez-Bianco R; de Bracco MM; Instituto de Investigaciones Hematologicas, Academia Nacional de; Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Antibodies (Ab) that induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against non-T lymphocytes, anti-HLA class II specific Ab and anti-PMN were tested in hemophilic (He) patients who were alloimmunized because they had received replacement treatment with blood derivates and become infected with HIV, as wel
Indian J Gastroenterol. 1992 Apr;11(2):80-1. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93052595
Amarapurkar DN; Kumar A; Vaidya S; Murti P; Bichile SK; Kalro RH; Desai HG; Department of Gastroenterology, BYL Nair Ch Hospital, Bombay.
Of forty multi-transfused thalassemia patients (26 males, 14 females; mean age 8.1 +/- 5.3 years, range 1-35) with no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease, HBsAg, anti-hepatitis C virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were present in 18 (45%), 7 (17.5%) and 1 (2.5%) cases respectively. Th
In a randomized double-blind study, nine mycobacteremic patients with AIDS-related disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection received clarithromycin or placebo in addition to a basic regimen that included isoniazid, ethambutol and clofazimine. All four patients receiving clarithromycin showed blood cult
Int Orthop. 1992;16(3):302-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93052999
Merchan EC; Magallon M; Manso F; Martin-Villar J; Orthopaedic Surgeon, Haemophilia Unit, La Paz Hospital, Madrid,; Spain.
Septic arthritis is rare in haemophiliacs. Four new cases who were also HIV positive are reported. In three, the knee was involved, and in the fourth the elbow. The organism was streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus in one patient each, and salmonella in two. Although all the patients were human immunodef
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1992 Aug;14(6):1069-79. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93053015
D'Onofrio C; Franzese O; Puglianiello A; Peci E; Lanzilli G; Bonmassar E; Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, II; University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy.
We have shown previously that infection of mononuclear cells derived from neonatal cord (CBMC) or adult peripheral (PBMC) blood with HTLV-1 can be controlled in vitro by treatment with interferon (IFN) alpha, beta or gamma. The activity of IFNs was mainly related to the induction of an active antiviral competence in h
Int J Cancer Suppl. 1992;7:51-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93053064
Traunecker A; Lanzavecchia A; Karjalainen K; Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland.
It is well established that soluble CD4 (sCD4) inhibits HIV infection in vitro, regardless of the virus strain or genetic variant. Most effective molecules, thus far, based on sCD4 are those in which CD4 is combined with immunoglobulin constant regions (CD4-IgG or CD4-IgM). Such molecules maintained HIV-gp120 specific
Int J Cancer Suppl. 1992;7:69-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93053070
Chamow SM; Duliege AM; Ammann A; Kahn JO; Allen JD; Eichberg JW; Byrn RA; Capon DJ; Ward RH; Ashkenazi A; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.
CD4, the cell-surface receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. It contains 4 extracellular sequences homologous to Ig variable domains, the first of which (V1) is sufficient for binding to HIV. To develop CD4 as an anti-HIV therapeutic, we engineered
Int J Dermatol. 1992 Aug;31(8):582-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93053118
Wright SA; Rothe MJ; Sporn J; Van Voorhees AS; Grant-Kels JM; Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center,; Farmington 06030.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is characterized by cutaneous disease, hypercalcemia, associated HTLV-I infection, and a fulminant course refractory to therapy. A patient with acute ATLL is described, and the natural history of ATLL is reviewed.
Int J Epidemiol. 1992 Apr;21(2):387-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93053162
Eskild A; Magnus P; Nilsen O; Hasseltvedt V; Lystad A; Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health,; Oslo, Norway.
The median AIDS survival for all AIDS patients was estimated as 11 months (95% confidence interval (Cl): 8-13 months). For the group of AIDS patients who were asymptomatic when HIV seropositivity was established, the median AIDS survival was 20 months (95% Cl: 13-23 months). For the group with symptomatic HIV infectio
Over a 12 month period, 32 teenage girls attended the sexually transmitted disease clinic in the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin for the first time, accounting for 17.8% of all first visits. Their mean age was 18.2 years (range 15-19 years). Twenty-four (75%) were from social class V. Five (15.6%) were abusing dr
Ir J Med Sci. 1992 Aug;161(8):501-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93053500
This paper profiles the epidemiology of tuberculosis in a geographically defined area, the Eastern Health Board. In 1990, 191 new cases of the disease were notified, 15.5/100,000. One hundred and eighty five were from the indigenous population. Fifty four per cent were male. Nearly 50% of all cases occurring in female
Cappa SF; Truong TM; Vangi D; Vignolo LA; Clinica Neurologica dell'Universita di Brescia.
The occurrence of neuropsychological impairment in asymptomatic, HIV-positive individuals is controversial. In the present study we compared the performance of three groups of chronic intravenous drug abusers (HIV negative, asymptomatic HIV positive, AIDS) on a battery of neuropsychological tests. While the AIDS group
Antinori A; Ammassari A; Maiuro G; Camilli G; Damiano F; Federico G; Pizzigallo E; Tamburrini E; Istituto di Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Universita; Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma.
We retrospectively examined 39 patients with AIDS and central nervous system toxoplasmosis in order to determine the efficacy and safety of two combinations: pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine-clindamycin. The results showed a response rate of 79% for the sulfadiazine association and a high failure rate in t
Henry Ford Hosp Med J. 1992;40(1-2):131-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93053751
Ognjan AF; Lewandowski CA; Belian BT; Burczak J; Markowitz N; Lee H; Saravolatz LD; Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit,; MI 48202.
During 1987-1988, a seroprevalence study of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and the human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus (HTLV-I/II) was performed among Detroit intravenous drug users unaffiliated with substance abuse programs. Seroprevalence data along with patient demographic information were compared to a
Condoluci DV; Division of Infectious Disease, University of Medicine and; Dentistry of New Jersey--College of Osteopathic Medicine,; Stratford.
This monthly series was developed from the AOA Task Force on AIDS Writers Workshop, held August 16 to 18, 1991, in New York. The workshop was sponsored by an education grant from Burroughs Wellcome. It will provide brief clinical updates and perspectives on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Readers may request
Blais FX; Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth.
This monthly series was developed from the AOA Task Force on AIDS Writers Workshop, held August 16 to 18, 1991, in New York. The workshop was sponsored by an education grant from Burroughs Wellcome. It will provide brief clinical updates and perspectives on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Readers may request
Koizumi S; Sugiura M; Zhang XK; Yamashiro K; Iwanaga M; Imai S; Osato T; Department of Virology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine,; Sapporo.
Eight cell lines were established from patients with adult T-cell leukemia, and from normal adults, by cocultivation with human T-cell leukemia virus type I(HTLV-I)-producer cell lines in the presence of interleukin-2. All of these cell lines harbored HTLV-I and showed T-cell markers CD2, CD3 and CD4, but not B-cell m
Kawase K; Katamine S; Moriuchi R; Miyamoto T; Kubota K; Igarashi H; Doi H; Tsuji Y; Yamabe T; Hino S; Department of Bacteriology, Nagasaki University School of; Medicine.
We used a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose HTLV-1 carriers. The DNA isolated from the nuclear extract obtained from frozen whole blood was found appropriate for PCR study both qualitatively and quantitatively. The use of freshly frozen whole blood made the field work much easier, and the use of a nuc
Babcock RA; Sulzer-Azaroff B; Sanderson M; Scibak J; University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
This study established regular implementation of a simple feedback procedure by supervisory nurses with their assistants at a head-injury treatment center. Five nurses were trained to distribute brief written comments to their assistants about infection-control practices, including using gloves to avoid contact with b
Gati WP; Paterson AR; Tyrrell DL; Cass CE; Moravek J; Robins MJ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton,; Canada.
Several 2 ,3 -dideoxynucleosides (ddNs), agents that inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, enter mammalian cells by simple diffusion. In this report, we show that the membrane permeation of 2 ,3 -dideoxyguanosine (ddG) in human erythrocytes and CCRF-CEM cells, in contrast with
Overmeyer JH; Maltese WA; Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville,; Pennsylvania 17822.
Lovastatin blocks the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursor, mevalonate. When Friend murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells are cultured in medium containing lovastatin, the precursor of murine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein (gPr90env) fails to undergo proteolytic processing, which normally occurs in the Golgi co
Dubiel W; Ferrell K; Pratt G; Rechsteiner M; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of; Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.
Ubiquitinated proteins are degraded by a 26 S ATP-dependent protease. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the purified 26 S enzyme reveals more than 20 polypeptides ranging in apparent molecular masses from 20 to 110 kDa. Although many of the subunits smaller than 30 kDa are members of the multicatalyti
Murthy KH; Winborne EL; Minnich MD; Culp JS; Debouck C; Department of Macro Molecular Sciences, SmithKline Beecham; Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406.
As part of a structure-based drug design program directed against enzyme targets in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we have determined the three-dimensional structures of the HIV type 1 protease complexed with two hydroxyethylene-based inhibitors. The inhibitors (SKF 107457 and SKF 108738) are hexapeptide subs
Guidry HM; Grimes RM; University of Texas, Houston.
Often the hardest task in managing HIV-infected patients is keeping up-to-date on the latest in HIV care. Presented here is a summary of 32 current, accessible articles for the primary care physician.
Healey DS; Dax EM; National HIV Reference Laboratory, Fairfield Hospital, Vic; Australia.
Two simple synthetic peptide based assays for anti-HIV (Agen SimpliRED and Genetic Systems GENIE) were evaluated for their ability to distinguish samples that contained anti-HIV-1 from samples that did not. The anti-HIV negative samples were from uninfected subjects that had either given false positive reactions on ex
Chargelegue D; O'Toole CM; Department of Medical Microbiology, London Hospital Medical; College, UK.
A two-site sandwich fluorescent-ELISA was optimized for the detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen produced by lymphoid cells infected with HIV-1 in vitro. To improve the sensitivity of the ELISA, a combination of streptavidin-beta-galactosidase and a fluorogenic substrate (4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) was e
Osborne R; Mason H; Browning M; Mitchell R; Jarrett W; Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, UK.
An assay based on the inhibition of syncytium formation in C8166 cells was developed to measure low levels of neutralising antibody (NT-AB) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to detect cross-reactivity between virus strains. The relationship between virus challenge and antibody titre was represented by a tripar
An incubator/shaker device proved to be a convenient alternative to a waterbath for the incubation of enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The device achieved effective and even heat transfer. In two of five EIAs it increased reactivity and in three of five EIAs it slightly increased the discrimination between seronegative and
Ades EW; Hierholzer JC; George V; Black J; Candal F; Biological Products Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta,; Georgia 30333.
CDC/EU.HMEC-1 is the first immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line that retains morphologic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of a normal human microvascular endothelial cell. This study evaluates a variety of viruses and their effects on this human endothelial cell line. The data indicate tha
Telenti A; Imboden P; Germann D; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Berne,; Switzerland.
A general strategy for the construction of an internal standard for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described together with its application in the evaluation of clinical samples. This internal standard is a plasmid containing a modified target sequence that is co-amplified with the native target using the same
Almond N; Jones S; Heath AB; Kitchin PA; AIDS Collaborating Centre and Informatics Division, National; Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, UK.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is often used to assess the diversity of viral nucleotide sequences present in various biological samples (e.g., blood and tissues). However, it is not clear how reproducible this approach may be. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a macaque that had been inf
Beckham JC; Caldwell DS; Peterson BL; Pippen AM; Currie MS; Keefe FJ; Weinberg JB; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; 27710.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex inflammatory disease of unknown cause. Although various laboratory and clinical measurements are useful in managing these patients, there is a need for better tests to quantitatively assess disease activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of certain immun
Zambello R; Trentin L; Benetti R; Cipriani A; Crivellaro C; Cadrobbi P; Agostini C; Semenzato G; Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical; Medicine, Padua Hospital, Italy.
Lung involvement in patients affected by HIV-1 infection is characterized by an alveolitis sustained by the accumulation of CD8+ T lymphocytes. To investigate whether in situ T cell growth plays a relevant role in the pooling of CD8+ lymphocytes, we have analyzed the activity of two lymphokines involved in the mechani
Balasch J; Pumarola T; Fabregues F; Jove I; Vanrell JA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine,; Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain.
While it has been accepted practice to screen women undergoing infertility evaluation for syphilis, there are few data in the literature regarding the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infertile patients despite the increasing number of HIV-positive women. In the present study, six out
Backe E; Jimenez E; Unger M; Schafer A; Jauniaux E; Vogel M; Department of Paediatric Pathology, Free University of Berlin,; Germany.
AIMS: To show the presence of HIV infected cells in the placentas and membranes exposed to HIV during pregnancy, and to trace the possible transmission routes from mother to fetus. METHODS: Twenty three therapeutic abortions and 11 term placentas were investigated for the presence of HIV antigen by immunostaining with
Robinson P; University College Dental Hospital, London, UK.
There have been many references in the literature to HIV-related periodontal diseases, which although poorly substantiated, seem to have established them as part of the expected range of HIV-associated conditions. The original studies have produced conflicting reports which may stem from shortcomings in design. Conseq
Obuch ML; Maurer TA; Becker B; Berger TG; Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital,; California.
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been reported to be severe and perhaps associated with decreased survival. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to document the natural history, response to therapy, and effect of psoriasis and its treatment on survival in HIV-infected patien
McNutt NS; Kindel S; Lugo J; Department of Pathology, New York Hospital, Cornell University; Medical Center, NY 10021.
In immunocompetent patients, infection by the measles (rubeola) paramyxovirus produces fever, cough, coryza, Koplik s spots, and, on the skin, a macular erythema that can become confluent. The erythema has a striking cephalocaudal spread and clearing. The diagnosis of measles on a skin biopsy and the distinction from
Garrett SJ; Robinson JK; Roenigk HH Jr; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Medical; School, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Seven human immunodeficiency virus-(HIV) positive patients with biopsy proved extensive facial molluscum contagiosum were treated with trichloroacetic acid peels. Peels were performed with 25 to 50% trichloroacetic acid (average 35%) and were repeated every 2 weeks as needed. A total of 15 peels were performed with an
Forrester DA; Murphy PA; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Center for; Nursing Research, Newark.
Three variables were experimentally manipulated by simulation measurement using six vignettes in a completely randomized, partial hierarchical, experimental design: medical diagnosis (AIDS v. non-AIDS), sexual orientation (heterosexual v. homosexual) and intravenous drug-use history (IVDU v. non-IVDU). Following each
Sarvela PD; Huetteman JK; McDermott RJ; Holcomb DR; Odulana JA; Department of Health Education, Southern Illinois University,; Carbondale.
Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives states that the reduction of unintended pregnancies is one of the primary health objectives for college-aged people. In addition, the reduction in rates of sexually transmitted diseases, with special emphasis on reducing the incidence of
J Am Med Wom Assoc. 1992 Nov-Dec;47(6):230-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056058
Hinkle YA; Johnson EH; Gilbert D; Jackson L; Lollis CM; University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.
Given the alarming increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including AIDS, among African-American women, it is apparent that many people are engaging in sexual intercourse without using condoms. The current study examined the interrelationships among attitudes about condom use, knowledge abo
Martin ME; Benassayag C; Amiel C; Canton P; Nunez EA; U.224, INSERM, Faculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat, Paris,; France.
The abnormal concentrations of steroid hormones and free fatty acids in the plasma of HIV-infected subjects are associated with qualitative and quantitative alterations in two of the major steroid hormones carrier proteins, sex steroid-binding protein (SBP) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). The properties of
Macho JR; Schecter WP; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco.
An increasing number of HIV-infected patients will require surgical therapy. The methods of diagnosis and therapeutic planning for HIV-infected patients are the same as for all other patients. Surgery should be advised if an operation is likely to have a positive effect on the patient s life. Most patients with AIDS w
J Immunol. 1992 Nov 15;149(10):3379-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056504
Agostini C; Trentin L; Zambello R; Bulian P; Caenazzo C; Cipriani A; Cadrobbi P; Garbisa S; Semenzato G; Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical; Medicine, Italy.
In this paper, the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the lung of patients with HIV-1 infection was evaluated. This cytokine has well recognized effects on granulocyte and macrophage growth and differentiation and plays some role in the mechanisms leading to the accumulation of alv
J Immunol. 1992 Nov 15;149(10):3386-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056505
Israel N; Gougerot-Pocidalo MA; Aillet F; Virelizier JL; Unite d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
We have tested the hypothesis that cellular activation events occurring in T lymphocytes and monocytes and mediated through translocation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B are dependent upon the constitutive redox status of these cells. We used phenolic, lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidants (butylated hydro
J Immunol. 1992 Dec 1;149(11):3596-604. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056534
Szabo G Jr; Pine PS; Weaver JL; Rao PE; Aszalos A; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Washington, DC; 20204.
Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) has been shown to block the binding site for both HIV gp120 and mAb anti-Leu 3a on CD4. We have unexpectedly found that brief treatment with > or = 1 micrograms/ml ATA rapidly disengages another mAb, OKT4E, after it has been bound to CD4 on human PBL. OKT4E is specific for a discontinuous
J Immunol. 1992 Dec 1;149(11):3727-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056553
Barillari G; Buonaguro L; Fiorelli V; Hoffman J; Michaels F; Gallo RC; Ensoli B; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) arises more frequently in homosexual and bisexual men than in other groups of HIV-1 infected individuals. Clinico-epidemiologic data indicate that homosexuals often are infected with multiple microbial agents and/or subjected to other antigenic stimuli, preceding or accompanying HIV-1 infection.
Atkins BL; Kohn P; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rush Green Hospital, Romford,; Essex, U.K.
Details are given of what is believed to be the first Day Care Unit in the U.K. for the diagnosis and treatment of infection and infectious diseases. The reaction of referring doctors and their patients has been favourable, cross-infection in the home has not been a problem and some potentially life-threatening infect
Gomez Morales MA; Pozio E; Croppo GP; Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,; Italy.
A sensitive, specific, and reproducible ELISA which incorporated an oocyst soluble antigen was used in order to detect specific Cryptosporidium immunoglobulins G and M in Italian HIV-positive patients. The soluble antigen was prepared from purified oocysts collected from experimentally infected calves. The serum worki
Knight SC; Stagg A; Hill S; Fryer P; Griffiths S; Antigen Presentation Research Group, Clinical Research Centre,; Harrow, Middlesex, U.K.
The life history of dendritic cells (DC) is now established from their origins from bone marrow stem cells, their distribution through blood to the tissues, and their movement via afferent lymph to lymph nodes for the initiation of immune responses. Bone-marrow stem cells, and occasional stem cells in peripheral blood
Langhoff E; Haseltine WA; Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Many details of the pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 remain to be elucidated. Details of how the virus gains entry via the mucosal surface upon sexual contact or during breast feeding remain obscure. The means by which the infection travels throughout the body as well as the nature of the major
Being dendritic antigen-presenting cells in skin and mucous membrane, Langerhans cells (LC) occur in areas at risk for inoculation by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the question whether LC act as a target, reservoir, or vector for transmission of HIV has given rise to much controversy. To address this questio
Krieger JN; Verdon M; Siegel N; Critchlow C; Holmes KK; Department of Urology, University of Washington School of; Medicine, Seattle 98195.
Control of Trichomonas vaginalis is assuming higher priority because recent studies have suggested that trichomoniasis enhances susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection and the risk for delivery of low-birth weight infants. In a cross-sectional study, 50 cases were identified among 447 men attending a
Shikiya K; Zaha O; Niimura S; Nakamura H; Nakayoshi T; Kochi A; Uehara T; Uechi H; Ohshiro J; Kinjo F; et al; First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,; University of the Ryukyus.
We treated 70 patients with strongyloidiasis (41 males and 29 females) with ivermectin (IVM), and obtained the following results: 1. The eradication rates at 1-2 months, 3-4 months and 5-6 months after treatment were 90.7% (49 of 54 patients), 100.0% (47 of 47 patients) and 95.7% (45 of 47 patients), responsively. Twe
Niimura S; Hirata T; Zaha O; Nakamura H; Kouchi A; Uehara T; Uechi H; Ohshiro J; Shikiya K; Kinjo F; et al; First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,; University of the Ryukyus.
We reported the efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) for the treatment of 27 patients with strongyloidiasis. Twenty-seven patients, 23 males and 4 females, received 200 mg of ABZ one hour before breakfast and supper for 3 days and this treatment was repeated 2 weeks later. The following results were obtained: 1) The eradicat
J Ir Dent Assoc. 1992;38(1):24-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056873
Delaney M; McHenry M; University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
Two final year dental students spent an elective period in the HIV clinic of the Dental Hospital of the Freie University of Berlin. The oral manifestations and management of 50 HIV patients were observed.
Ugen KE; McCallus DE; Von Feldt JM; Williams WV; Greene MI; Weiner DB; Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104.
The CNS afflictions in AIDS are myriad and suggest a tropism of HIV to neural tissue. Ocular involvement is a frequent manifestation of the HIV infection, resulting in a high incidence of blindness within this patient population. Ocular lesions include cotton wool spots, presumably from HIV-induced microvasculopathy,
Yates MD; Grange JM; Public Health Laboratory, Service Regional Tuberculosis Centre,; Dulwich Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to detect any changing trends in the nature and incidence of tuberculous lymphadenitis in southeast England and to determine whether there is any evidence for an increase in this disease that could be related to HIV infection. DESIGN--Mycobacteria isolated from patients with lymphadenitis
Cox B; Skegg DC; Hugh Adam Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive and; Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to estimate the likely burden of cervical cancer in New Zealand over the next two decades, according to whether cervical screening services are made more effective. DESIGN--The study was based on national mortality and incidence data for the periods
Sakai H; Sakuragi S; Sakuragi J; Kawamura M; Shibata R; Adachi A; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
We determined the susceptibility of monocytic cell lines to infection with viral strains derived from two infectious clones of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from a mandrill. One of the strains, which replicates poorly in T cell lines, was found to grow more rapidly than the other in these cells. The viral det
Uy A; Wunderlich G; Olsen DB; Heermann KH; Gerlich WH; Thomssen R; Department of Medical Microbiology, Georg August University,; Gottingen, Germany.
On the basis of published sequence data the preS1 attachment region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) appears to be highly variable. Using a novel method for rapid DNA sequencing by the polymerase chain reaction we screened 34 HBV DNA-positive sera for mutations in a variable part of the preS1 region of the HBV genome. The s
Patil AD; Kokke WC; Cochran S; Francis TA; Tomszek T; Westley JW; Department of Biomolecular Discovery, SmithKline Beecham; Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, King of Prussia,; Pennsylvania 19406-09399.
The EtOAc extract of the sponge Xestospongia muta collected in Colombus Island, Bahamas , yielded eleven straight-chain unsaturated, polyacetylenic, brominated acids, seven of which were identified on the basis of spectral data, including the unknown acids 2-7. These acetylenic aci
HIV antibody testing presents multiple and complex legal and ethical issues. Nurse executives must be knowledgeable about these issues and their potential impact on administrative practice. In this two-part series, the author presents legal and ethical issues related to testing. Part 1 focuses on the AIDS epidemic, th
Waters M; Fuszard B; Sowell RL; Neurology/Neurosurgery Unit, Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA.
Services needed for HIV-positive persons and the availability of these services were reported in the July/August 1990 issue of JONA. This article includes further information from the original study--an analysis of the factors in each reporting hospital and community that enabled or barred the development of services
J N Y State Nurses Assoc. 1992 Sep;23(3):10-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93057992
Scherer YK; Haughey BP; Wu YW; Miller CM
The purpose of this study was to examine nurses attitudes toward caring for patients with AIDS in a longitudinal context. Results of the 1990 survey were compared with those of a survey conducted in 1986 for the purpose of examining changes in attitudes over time. Findings indicated that there were no significant dif
Zule WA; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; 78284-7792.
Injecting practices of illicit drug users in San Antonio, Texas, were studied by means of informal field interviews and participant observation. The methods injection drug users (IDUs) employed to obtain drugs seemed to affect their HIV risk behaviors. Many of the methods involve reciprocal exchanges between a person
Lewis LL; Butler KM; Husson RN; Mueller BU; Fowler CL; Steinberg SM; Pizzo PA; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
We reviewed the 22 cases of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) infection that occurred among 196 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children seen at the National Cancer Institute Pediatric Branch from December 1986 through April 1991, and an additional 65 charts from children with cultures negative for MAI. A
Reyes-Teran G; Ramirez-Amador V; De la Rosa E; Gonzalez-Guevara M; Ponce de Leon S; Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de la; Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
We report the cases of three AIDS patients who developed major recurrent oral ulcers with severe odynophagia and weight loss. The patients were treated successfully with systemic steroids. Within the first week of prednisone therapy (40 mg/day), the symptoms improved and the lesions entirely healed. We suggest, on the
J Med Chem. 1992 Oct 16;35(21):3727-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059206
Maggiora LL; Smith CW; Zhang ZY; Biochemistry Unit, Upjohn Laboratories, Kalamazoo, Michigan; 49001.
A general scheme for obtaining a fluorescent donor/acceptor peptide substrate via solid-phase synthesis methodology is presented. The key feature of this method is the design of a glutamic acid derivative that has been modified on the carboxyl side chain with a 5-[(2 -aminoethyl)-amino]naphthelenesulfonic acid (EDANS)
J Med Chem. 1992 Oct 16;35(21):3803-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059213
Rich DH; Prasad JV; Sun CQ; Green J; Mueller R; Houseman K; MacKenzie D; Malkovsky M; School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, University of; Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
The synthesis of analogues of AcSerLeuAsn[Phe-HEA-Pro]IleValOMe (1, JG-365; where HEA stands for the hydroxyethylamine unit 2), a tight-binding inhibitor of HIVP, are reported. Systematic modification of the P3 and P3 regions of the inhibitors has led to smaller HIVP inhibitors that inhibit viral replication in HIV-i
J Med Chem. 1992 Oct 30;35(22):4069-77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059245
Peterson JR; Zjawiony JK; Liu S; Hufford CD; Clark AM; Rogers RD; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of; Mississippi, University 38677.
Several A- and B-ring-substituted sampangines were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal and antimycobacterial activity against AIDS-related opportunistic infection pathogens. Electrophilic halogenation provided a channel for structural elaboration of the sampangine B-ring at position 4, while the synthesis of A-ri
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):108-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059322
Putkonen P; Thorstensson R; Cranage M; Nilsson C; Ghavamzadeh L; Albert J; Greenaway P; Biberfeld G; Department of Immunology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,; Stockholm, Sweden.
Eight monkeys were immunized at 0, 4, 9, and 18 weeks with a total of 2 mg of formalin inactivated SIVmac vaccine with Ribi adjuvant. Two weeks after the last booster four immunized monkeys and two controls were challenged with 10 MID50 of live homologous virus SIVmac, and the remaining four vaccinated animals along w
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):113-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059323
Malkovsky M; Bartz SR; MacKenzie D; Radtke BE; Wallace M; Manning J; Pauza CD; Fisch P; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706.
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) gamma delta T cells were identified using a monoclonal antibody. The relative representation of gamma delta T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleen resembles that of Homo sapiens. The analysis of function and specificity revealed further significant similarities b
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):119-25. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059324
Hu SL; Abrams K; Misher L; Stallard V; Moran P; Zarling JM; Langlois AJ; Kuller L; Morton WR; Benveniste RE; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle,; WA 98121.
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was used as a model to study the protective efficacy of an immunization regimen currently being evaluated as candidate vaccines against HIV in human subjects. Four Macaca fascicularis were first immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope glycoprotein gp160 of
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):126-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059325
Heeney JL; de Vries P; Dubbes R; Koornstra W; Niphuis H; ten Haaft P; Boes J; Dings ME; Morein B; Osterhaus AD; Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute of Applied; Radiobiology and Immunology TNO, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
This study attempted to determine if SIV vaccines could protect against challenge with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from an SIV infected rhesus monkey. Mature Macaca mulatta were vaccinated four times with formalin inactivated SIVmac32H administered in MDP adjuvant (n = 8) or SIVmac32H ISCOM vaccine (n =
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):139-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059328
Warren JT; Dolatshahi M; EMMES Corporation, Potomac, MD 20854.
An AIDS Vaccine Surveillance System (AVSS) was designed and implemented to track the rapidly growing international database supporting the development of promising AIDS vaccines. Both preclinical nonhuman primate (NHP) and clinical human trials are tracked by the AVSS. This report presents summary data generated from
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):50-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059330
Mills KH; Page M; Chan WL; Kitchin P; Stott EJ; Taffs F; Jones W; Rose J; Ling C; Silvera P; et al; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters; Bar, Hertfordshire, U.K.
Vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with beta-propiolactone inactivated SIVmacBK28 in Freund s adjuvant induced low but detectable levels of anti-SIV envelope (env) antibodies and T-cell responses and protected against challenge with the 32H isolate of SIVmac251 grown in C8166 cells. In contrast, purified recombinant S
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):64-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059332
Miller CJ; Alexander NJ; Vogel P; Anderson J; Marx PA; California Regional Primate Research Center, University of; California, Davis 95616.
To understand the biologic processes involved in transmission of HIV, we examined the genital tracts of chronically infected female macaques and localized SIV-infected cells. SIV was found in the genital tract of 12 of 16 animals and SIV-infected cells were located in the cervix and vagina. Inoculation of cell-free SI
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):69-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059333
Rizvi TA; Panganiban AT; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of; Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
We studied a single round of replication of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) through the use of a replication defective vector that expresses the hygromycin resistance gene. It was possible to pseudotype SIV particles by complementation with the env gene from a murine amphotropic retrovirus. Moreover, SIV RNA was p
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):74-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059334
Unger RE; Marthas ML; Lackner AA; Pratt-Lowe E; Lohman BL; Van Rompay K; Luciw PA; Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis.
We have examined the frequency of infection of monocyte-derived and alveolar macrophages isolated from rhesus macaques inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) utilizing a semiquantitative PCR methodology. Animals were inoculated with either pathogenic (SIVmac239) or nonpathogenic (SIVmac1A11) molecularl
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):82-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059335
Haigwood NL; Misher L; Chin SM; Blair M; Planelles V; Scandella CJ; Steimer KS; Gardner MB; Yilma T; Hirsch VM; et al; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608.
Sera from SIV-infected macaques were found to contain antibodies that reacted with conformation-dependent, group-specific determinants on the SIV envelope protein gp130. These conformation-dependent antibodies exhibited virus neutralizing activity; their presence was associated with protection in vaccine studies. The
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):91-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059336
Titti F; Borsetti A; Geraci A; Sernicola L; Giuseppini L; Turillazzi GP; Pace M; Baroncelli S; Amadori A; Giovannetti A; et al; Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,; Italy.
Five pregnant (two to three and one-half months) Macaca fascicularis seroconverted following immunization with sucrose-gradient purified and formalin-inactivated whole simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251). No untoward effects on fetal maturation were observed during the immunization of the mothers. Antibodies to
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):99-107. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059337
Marthas ML; Miller CJ; Sutjipto S; Higgins J; Torten J; Lohman BL; Unger RE; Ramos RA; Kiyono H; McGhee JR; et al; California Regional Primate Research Center, University of; California, Davis 95616.
The ability of two vaccine preparations (UV-psoralen inactivated SIV administered intramuscularly and live-attenuated SIV inoculated intravaginally) to prevent genital transmission of virulent SIV in rhesus macaques was tested. Two of six whole-inactivated SIV vaccinated macaques, three of five live-attenuated SIV vac
Ennas MG; Cocchia D; Silvetti E; Sogos V; Riva A; Torelli S; Gremo F; Department of Cytomorphology, School of Medicine, Cagliari,; Italy.
During the past few years, evidence has accumulated that interaction with peripheral immune cells as well as immunoregulatory functions in the central nervous system (CNS) can be played by several types of brain resident cells. Since very little information is available in man, however, we investigated the presence of
Bernstein HB; Compans RW; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
Sulfation is a posttranslational modification of proteins which occurs on either the tyrosine residues or the carbohydrate moieties of some glycoproteins. In the case of secretory proteins, sulfation has been hypothesized to act as a signal for export from the cell. We have shown that the human immunodeficiency virus
Sommerfelt MA; Rhee SS; Hunter E; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
Mason- Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) represents the prototype type D retrovirus, characterized by the assembly of intracytoplasmic A-type particles within the infected-cell cytoplasm. These immature particles migrate to the plasma membrane, where they are released by budding.
Schwartz S; Campbell M; Nasioulas G; Harrison J; Felber BK; Pavlakis GN; Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute-Frederick; Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702-1201.
We have characterized an inhibitory RNA element in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag coding sequence that prevents gag expression. The inhibition exerted by this element could be overcome by the presence of the Rev-responsive element in cis and of Rev protein in trans. To understand the mechanism of
Semmes OJ; Jeang KT; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
We have made 47 mutations that span the length of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax open reading frame. Of the 47 mutations, 38 were substitutions of single amino acids, 5 were missense changes in two or more amino acids, and 4 were deletions. A subset of these mutations includes individual changes o
Willey RL; Maldarelli F; Martin MA; Strebel K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
CD4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein which is known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor for infection of human cells. The protein is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently transported to the cell surface via the Golgi complex. HIV infection of CD4+ cells leads to downmodulati
Gorska-Flipot I; Huang M; Cantin M; Rassart E; Masse G; Jolicoeur P; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of; Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
BL/VL3 radiation leukemia virus (RadLV) is a thymotropic, highly leukemogenic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) which is unable to replicate in vitro in mouse fibroblasts. We have previously reported that the U3 long terminal repeat region of its genome is responsible for this block (E. Rassart, Y. Paquette, and P. Jolicoe
McDonald D; Hope TJ; Parslow TG; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco; 94143-0506.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev and human T-cell leukemia virus type I Rex proteins induce cytoplasmic expression of incompletely spliced viral mRNAs by binding to these mRNAs in the nucleus. Each protein binds a specific cis-acting element in its target RNAs. Both proteins also associated with nucleoli, b
Wu LC; Tan TH; Shahied SI; Public Health and Environmental Laboratories, New Jersey State; Department of Health, Trenton 08625-0360.
The trans-activator protein Tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) stimulates transcription of the viral genome from the long terminal repeat. With a reporter HIS4TATA::lacZ fusion gene, the transcriptional activity of the Tax-responsive element in the long terminal repeat was tested in Saccharomyces cerev
Bagnarelli P; Menzo S; Valenza A; Manzin A; Giacca M; Ancarani F; Scalise G; Varaldo PE; Clementi M; Institute of Microbiology, University of Ancona Medical School,; Italy.
Recent molecular evidence indicates that active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is detectable in both symptomless and symptomatic infected patients. For this main reason, it has been pointed out that precise quantitative analysis of viral activity in vivo is necessary, firstly, for the pathogenet
LaFemina RL; Schneider CL; Robbins HL; Callahan PL; LeGrow K; Roth E; Schleif WA; Emini EA; Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase enzyme exhibits significant amino acid sequence conservation with integrase proteins of other retroviruses. We introduced specific amino acid substitutions at a number of the conserved residue positions of recombinant HIV-1 integrase. Some of these substitution
Venkatesan S; Gerstberger SM; Park H; Holland SM; Nam Y; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
The posttranscriptional trans activation of unspliced or partially spliced human immunodeficiency virus RNAs by the Rev regulatory protein is crucial for virus replication and is dependent on sequence-specific RNA binding by Rev. The cognate RNA target of Rev is contained within a highly structured, 244-nucleotide Rev
Collman R; Balliet JW; Gregory SA; Friedman H; Kolson DL; Nathanson N; Srinivasan A; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of; Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104.
We isolated and molecularly cloned a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain (89.6) which is unusual because it is both macrophage-tropic and extremely cytopathic in lymphocytes. Moreover, this is the first well-characterized infectious molecularly cloned macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strain derived from peripher
Bagasra O; Khalili K; Seshamma T; Taylor JP; Pomerantz RJ; Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Thomas; Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-6799.
The molecular mechanisms involved in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may differ in various cell types and with various exogenous stimuli. Astrocytic glial cells, which can support HIV-1 replication in cell cultures and may be infected in vivo, are demonstrated to provide a cellular milie
Gorny MK; Conley AJ; Karwowska S; Buchbinder A; Xu JY; Emini EA; Koenig S; Zolla-Pazner S; Department of Pathology, New York University Medical School, New; York 10016.
The third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is thought to induce potent neutralizing antibodies which are generally defined as type specific and reactive with individual viral isolates. In contrast, the CD4-binding domain is thought to induce neutralizing antibodies that are group specific
Bogerd HP; Tiley LS; Cullen BR; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center,; Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Expression of the structural proteins of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is dependent upon the interaction of the viral Rex trans activator with its highly structured cis-acting RNA target sequence, the 254-nucleotide Rex-response element. Nucleotides critical for Rex binding in vitro have been mapped by modificati
JAMA. 1992 Nov 18;268(19):2655-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059909
Stone VE; Seage GR 3d; Hertz T; Epstein AM; Department of Medicine, Boston City Hospital, Boston University; School of Medicine, MA.
OBJECTIVE--To determine whether there is an association between mortality and hospital acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) experience for all AIDS-related diagnoses, and to determine whether the association is explained by differences in severity of illness, earlier discharge of terminally ill patients, or diff
Mukau L; Talamini MA; Sitzmann JV; Burns RC; McGuire ME; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of; Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland.
One hundred and forty silicone catheters were inserted in 127 patients for long-term intravenous access with a cumulative follow-up time of 21,125 catheter-days (58 patient-years). Fifty-six patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); 44 were not AIDS patients and were receiving ambulatory home parenteral
Suzuki T; Takahashi Y; Yoshida S; Yamagishi T; Tateyama M; Tanaka A; Koshihara K; Matsumoto K; Fukue H; Yorifuji H; et al; Department of Clinical Pathology, Tokyo Medical College.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a major opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is treated with co-trimoxazole, pentamidine and others. The severe adverse reactions, including bone marrow suppression, by these therapeutic agents often preclude their continued use. A 14-year-old
We detected a high level of CD4+CD8+ double marker cells in the peripheral blood of a male patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), ranging from 10% to 12%. Three color staining was useful for the further examination of surface markers of these abnormal lymphocytes. Three color staining of his CD4+CD8+ cells demonstr
Goto H; Kawahata S; Ishi K; Igari J; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo Urayasu Hospital,; Junutendo University, School of Medicine, Urayasu.
In 130 patients, who were considered to be anti-HTLV-I positive or negative by the PA method, we compared the anti-HTLV-I detection rates and the specificity of the following three EIA methods: the Ei-test ATL and two new EIA methods using different recombinant antigens which recognize different sites. The results fro
Kirby D; ETR Associates, Santa Cruz, CA 95061-1830.
This article reviews the major approaches implemented during the last two decades to reduce sexual risk-taking behaviors, examines their evidence for success, and provides several recommendations for effective programs and program evaluations. This article does not discuss more broad-based sexuality education programs
Majer LS; Santelli JS; Coyle K; Anne Arundel County Dept. of Health, Annapolis, MD 21401-7085.
The practical roles school staff can play in addressing adolescent reproductive health issues such as teen-age pregnancy, STDs, and HIV/AIDS are reviewed. Particular attention is given to identification and assessment of adolescents most at risk for pregnancy, STDs, and HIV/AIDS, and the regulations that address prote
DiClemente RJ; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San; Francisco 94105.
Health educators, policy analysts, and public health officials are becoming more aware of the serious threat HIV poses to the health of U.S. adolescents. While AIDS among adolescents remains relatively uncommon, considerable data indicates this age group has alarmingly high HIV infection rates and that minority adoles
Pittman KJ; Wilson PM; Adams-Taylor S; Randolph S; Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC 20037.
A demographic and cultural profile of African-American youth is presented. Culturally-based differences in decision-making are reviewed. Attitudes and cultural values related to identity and self-image, gender role socialization, contraception, marriage and parenthood, homosexuality, and HIV/AIDS are described. Recomm
Treadway L; Yoakam J; University of Minnesota Youth and AIDS Project, St. Paul 55104.
Information obtained from clinical experiences of the University of Minnesota Youth and AIDS Project (YAP), a primary AIDS prevention program for gay and bisexual males ages 14-21, is described. More than 300 YAP clients have been interviewed regarding sexual behavior, suicide attempts, drug use, and experiences in di
Kiss J; Telek B; Toth FD; Rejto L; Suranyi P; Rak K; Institute of Microbiology, University Medical School of Debrecen,; Hungary.
Monoclonal integration of DNA sequences related to, but not identical to HTLV-I provirus was detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a Hungarian male suffering from ATL. The patient and his parents showed serological cross-reactivity with both HTLV-I and HTLV-II group-specific antigens. Restriction enzyme anal
Mayo Clin Proc. 1992 Nov;67(11):1089-108. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93061331
Zalla MJ; Su WP; Fransway AF; Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have become major health problems in the United States , and patients with manifestations of these diseases are seen by physicians in all areas of medicine. Cutaneous manifestations develop in
Mayo Clin Proc. 1992 Jun;67(6):553-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93061344
Cersosimo E; Wilkowske CJ; Rosenblatt JE; Ludwig J; Division of Endocrinology/Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Mayo; Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
A 33-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection had severe protracted diarrhea. Radiologic assessment disclosed narrowing of the gastric antrum. Biopsy specimens revealed diffuse Cryptosporidium infection of the antral mucosa. Isolated antral narrowing due to Cryptosporidium gastritis should be added to
Med Clin (Barc). 1992 Oct 31;99(14):521-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93061453
Manez R; Caragol I; Ribera E; Ocana I; Espanol T; Martinez Vazquez JM; Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital General Universitari de; la Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona.
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the use of quantitative and functional immunologic parameters as prognostic markers of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: The number of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, the CD4/CD8 ratio, the percentage of interleukin 2 ( IL-2 )
Tudela P; Tor J; Llibre JM; Muga R; Condom MJ; Gabarre E; Torrent A; Sabria M; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas (Servicio de Medicina; Interna), Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona,; Barcelona.
BACKGROUND: Haemophilus influenzae has frequently been identified as the etiologic agent in pneumonias of patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The experience of the authors is reviewed and the significance of isolating this microorganism in respiratory samples commented upon. METHODS: The cl
Med Trop (Mars). 1992 Jul-Sep;52(3):245-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93061915
Serme AK; Medecin Capitaine, Institut de Medecine Tropicale du Service de; Sante des Armees, Marseille.
The author is reviewing the literature about the association HIV infection and leprosy. So he concludes: 1) there is no correlation between leprosy incidence and HIV infection incidence, despite similarity as far as immuno-system is concerned. 2) Effect of HIV infection on leprosy demands further studies of nervous le
Med Trop (Mars). 1992 Jul-Sep;52(3):303-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93061925
Anagonou SY; Gninafon M; Kinde-Gazard D; Tawo L; Josse R; Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose, Cotonou,; Benin.
The authors report a case of Mycobacterium Fortuitum infection in one AIDS patient. This case underlines the interest for the clinicians to investigate systematically a possible infection by Mycobacterium fortuitum in all AIDS patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Med Hypotheses. 1992 Sep;39(1):22-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93062267
Papadopulos-Eleopulos E; Turner VF; Papadimitriou JM; Department of Medical Physics, Royal Perth Hospital, Western; Australia.
Recently published informed debate affords strong indication that in patients with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, HIV cannot, directly or indirectly, be the cause of Kaposi s sarcoma. This paper provides reasons for disallowing a current alternative theory that Kaposi s sarcoma is due to an unidentified sexu
Med Hypotheses. 1992 Sep;39(1):49-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93062271
Carlin K; Carlin S; Endocrinology Dept., Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio,; Texas 78234.
Diseased cells possibly function autonomously without as much dependence upon metabolic cues such as thyroid hormone by comparison to normal cells. Therefore if reversible hypothyroidism can be induced briefly in euthyroid patients, conceivably normal cells can be induced into a hypometabolic state while the diseased
Efforts to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States must be targeted toward persons of all age groups at risk, including adolescents. Many high school students have reported engaging in behaviors that increa
States and cities have effectively used community-level intervention projects to reduce cigarette smoking and other risk behaviors associated with chronic disease (1-3); similar strategies have been introduced to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in men who have sex with men and who identify themsel
Public health surveillance efforts for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States have documented an increasing proportion of cases among persons who reside outside the largest metropolitan areas (1,2). These findings, coupled with results of human immunodeficiency
Puerto Rico has the second highest overall rate of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases among states and territories of the United States and the second highest rate of cases among women (1,2). Although heterosexual transmission of hu
The results of an eight year search of blockaders of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among groups of modified nucleosides and nucleotides are reviewed. The molecular mechanism of action of these compounds is based on the inhibition of DNA polymerases activity. Attempts of systematic analysis of structure--anti-HIV
Fifty Candida albicans strains isolated from the oral cavities of HIV-infected patients were typed with 14 different lectins by means of agglutination reactions. Sixteen different lectin types could be distinguished, the most frequent type representing 22% of strains. A change in the lectin type was found in about hal
N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 3;327(23):1625-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063086
Koehler JE; Quinn FD; Berger TG; LeBoit PE; Tappero JW; Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of; California-San Francisco 94143-1204.
BACKGROUND. Bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by vascular lesions, which occur usually in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A newly described gram-negative organism, Rochalimaea henselae, has been associated with cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis
N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 17;327(25):1779-84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063131
Ballem PJ; Belzberg A; Devine DV; Lyster D; Spruston B; Chambers H; Doubroff P; Mikulash K; Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British; Columbia, Canada.
BACKGROUND. Isolated thrombocytopenia accompanied by increased amounts of platelet-associated antibody is a common manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the thrombocytopenia often improves with zidovudine. It is not clear whether the mechanism of HIV-related thrombocytopenia primarily invo
Rozenbaum R; Goncalves AJ; Wanke B; Caiuby MJ; Clemente H; Lazera M dos S; Monteiro PC; Londero AT; Servico de Doencas Infecciosas e Parasitararias, Hospital dos; Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
The study of the clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from 83 Brazilian patients with disseminated cryptococcosis showed that 75 were C. neoformans var. neoformans and 8 were var. gattii. Twenty-seven isolates were serotyped; all 19 var. neoformans were serotype A and all 8 var. gattii were serotype B. The cor
NIDA Res Monogr. 1992;127:167-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063217
Falck RS; Siegal HA; Carlson RG; Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of; Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435.
The AIDS intervention model described herein represents a new mixed model of case management, one that combines AIDS risk-reduction education with a modified version of the traditional broker of services model. The case management component of the model is designed to heed and address those immediate needs that may di
Nature. 1992 Oct 22;359(6397):746-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063267
Fujimura T; Ribas JC; Makhov AM; Wickner RB; Departamento de Microbiologia y Genetica, CSIC/Universidad de; Salamanca, Spain.
Double-stranded RNA viruses have an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity associated with the viral particles which is indispensable for their replication cycle. Using the yeast L-A double-stranded RNA virus we have investigated the mechanism by which the virus encapsidates its genomic RNA and RNA polymerase. The L-A
Nature. 1992 Oct 29;359(6398):759. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063270
The trial in France of four government officials for complicity in the use of contaminated blood may have ended with the verdicts announced last Friday, but the recriminations will continue.
OBJECTIVE. Comparison of the quality of life of asymptomatic (n = 24) and symptomatic (n = 20) HIV-infected patients and description of the changes in quality of life during the symptomatic stage. DESIGN. Prospective study. SETTING. University Hospital Utrecht. METHOD. Every four months questionnaires on quality of li
Sevcikova L; Hunakova L; Chorvath B; Turzova M; Boljesikova E; Chair of Radiotherapy, Postgraduate Medical School, Bratislava,; Czechoslovakia.
T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4/CD8 antigen positive cells) were determined in peripheral lymphocytes from 48 patients with breast cancer of different stages by flow immunocytometry with the aid of anti-CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies. A broad individual variability of the CD4/CD8 ratio among both healthy donors and breas
Stricker RB; Sanders KA; Owen WF; Kiprov DD; Miller RG; Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San; Francisco 94120.
We describe a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who developed mononeuritis multiplex associated with polyclonal (type III) cryoglobulinemia. The patient s symptoms stabilized following treatment with plasmapheresis and removal of the cryoglobulin. Our case represents the first report of polyclo
Dal Pan GJ; McArthur JH; Aylward E; Selnes OA; Nance-Sproson TE; Kumar AJ; Mellits ED; McArthur JC; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Cerebral atrophy is a common radiologic manifestation of HIV dementia . To evaluate the relationship between cognitive impairment and cerebral atrophy, adjusting for age and immune status, we used standardized planimetry to measure the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) and the bifrontal (
Porcher FK; University of Utah, College of Nursing, in Salt Lake City.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in women and infants is a significant and growing health care problem in the United States . Young adult black or Hispanic women are at particular risk, especially if they use intravenous drugs or are the sexual partner of someone who does. However
N Z Med J. 1992 Nov 11;105(945):444-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93064358
Chetwynd J; Chambers A; Hughes AJ; Department of Community Health and General Practice, Christchurch; School of Medicine.
AIMS: To examine the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases according to gender, age, sexual orientation, sexual behaviour and drug use. METHODS: Data were collected from 814 clients attending anonymously for HIV testing at the Burnett Centre in Auckland. During pretest counselling clients were asked questions des
Watts DH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of; Washington, Seattle.
Antiviral agents are less numerous and often more toxic than antibacterial agents. Acyclovir is commonly used for suppression and treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus and may be indicated for pregnant women with disseminated
Heinic GS; Greenspan D; MacPhail LA; Greenspan JS; Department of Stomatology, University of California, San; Francisco.
Infections with Geotrichum species, although rare, are sometimes seen in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of oral geotrichosis in a patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus who had erythematous mandibular and maxillary gingiva but was otherwise free of any active systemic disease. Geotrichum cand
Sorice M; Lenti L; Misasi R; Contini C; Cignarella L; Griggi T; Vullo V; Masala C; Clinic of Tropical Disease, University of Rome, Italy.
This study was undertaken to assess whether glycolipid antigens (particularly gangliosides) are associated with Pneumocystis carinii obtained from human lungs. Gangliosides were extracted, purified in high performance thin-layer chromatography and stained with resorcinol. Two resorcinol-positive bands, co-migrating wi
Braken JB; Koopmans PP; Van Munster IP; Gribnau FW; Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University Nijmegen, The; Netherlands.
Interferon alpha is the only available therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B. With interferon alpha 3-15 MU thrice weekly or 5 MU daily during 3-6 months one-third of the patients achieve seroconversion of HBeAg and HBV-DNA together with normalization of aminotransferases and slight improvement of histology. L
Franssen RM; Meenhorst PL; Koks CH; Beijnen JH; Department of Pharmacy, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
In this article the literature about didanosine, an antiretroviral drug, is reviewed. The mechanism of action, biochemical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical results of phase-I trials are discussed. Serious adverse effects such as pancreatitis and peripheral neu
Siderovski DP; Matsuyama T; Frigerio E; Chui S; Min X; Erfle H; Sumner-Smith M; Barnett RW; Mak TW; Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada.
A new method is described for the direct construction of randomly mutagenized genes by applying the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to an oligonucleotide synthesized using doped nucleotide reservoirs. We have demonstrated the utility of this method by generating a library of mutant HIV-1 tat genes. Several arbitrarily
Orchard K; Lang G; Collins M; Latchman D; Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research,; London, UK.
We have previously identified a T lymphocyte protein which binds to a site within the LTR of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and exerts an inhibitory effect on virus gene expression. The palindromic site (site B) recognized by this protein is related to the palindromic binding sites of members of the s
Chang YN; Jeang KT; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 encode a Tat protein that trans-activates the respective viral genome through RNA targets (TAR1 and TAR2). Tat-1 and Tat-2 have considerable homology. However, an interesting biological observation has been that Tat-1 activates the HIV-1 and HIV-2 LTRs equally while Tat-2
Pathol Res Pract. 1992 Aug;188(6):722-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93065734
Thiele J; Titius BR; Quitmann H; Fischer R; Salzberger B; Dienemann D; Stein H; Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne.
In 25 patients (22 males, 3 females--median age 39 years) with AIDS (CDC stages IV A-D) and no preceding myelotoxic therapy, morphometry and immunohistochemistry (CD 61-Y 2/51) was performed on trephine biopsies of the bone marrow to evaluate the megakaryocytic lineage. In comparison with megakaryocytes in the myelody
Johnson RJ; Department of Family Practice, Hennepin County Medical Center,; Minneapolis, MN 55408.
The activities of athletes and personnel who provide their medical care may place them at slightly greater risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than their nonathletic peers. At this point, there is no reason to disallow participation of athletes who are HIV-infected. Thus, sports physicians need
Stura EA; Stanfield RL; Fieser GG; Silver S; Roguska M; Hincapie LM; Simmerman HK; Profy AT; Wilson IA; Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La; Jolla, California 92037.
X-ray quality crystals of an Fab fragment from an antipeptide monoclonal antibody (R/V3-50.1) that recognizes the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of the gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (MN isolate) were grown as uncomplexed and peptide complexed forms. Crystals of the free Fa
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10026-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE +
Collet TA; Roben P; O'Kennedy R; Barbas CF 3d; Burton DR; Lerner RA; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; 92037.
We have used a binary system of replicon-compatible plasmids to test the potential for promiscuous recombination of heavy and light chains within sets of human Fab fragments isolated from combinatorial antibody libraries. Antibody molecules showed a surprising amount of promiscuity in that a particular heavy chain cou
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10247-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066216
McNearney T; Hornickova Z; Markham R; Birdwell A; Arens M; Saah A; Ratner L; Department of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington; University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
V3 envelope sequences were determined from amplified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences of uncultivated leukocytes obtained sequentially from four infected adults over the course of infection. Lower levels of sequence heterogeneity were noted in samples obtained early in HIV-1 infection, prior to CD
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10527-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066272
Luo L; Li Y; Cannon PM; Kim S; Kang CY; Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London,; Canada.
A 41-kDa unprocessed human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) gag precursor protein that has a deletion of a portion of the viral protease assembles as virus-like particles by budding through the cytoplasmic membrane of recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells. We have constructed six different combinations of chim
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10537-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066274
Wild C; Oas T; McDanal C; Bolognesi D; Matthews T; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; 27710.
A peptide designated DP-107 was synthesized containing amino acid residues 558-595 of the envelope glycoprotein gp160 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain LAI (HIV-1LAI). Algorithms for secondary structure have predicted that this region of the envelope transmembrane protein should form an extended alpha-heli
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):9996-10000. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066283
Banerjee R; Bekesi JG; Tarcsafalvi A; Sperber K; Deak G; Choi HS; Paronetto F; Holland JF; Acs G; Department of Neoplastic Diseases, Mount Sinai School of; Medicine, New York, NY 10029.
We have isolated a lymphoid cell line, MDS, from the pleural exudate of a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The cells are biphenotypic, containing various T-cell and myeloid markers, and are surface negative for CD4 and CD8 but have low CD4 mRNA. The cells grow in suspension with a doubling time of 15 hr,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10792-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066329
Rieber EP; Federle C; Reiter C; Krauss S; Gurtler L; Eberle J; Deinhardt F; Riethmuller G; Institute for Immunology, University of Munich, Federal Republic; of Germany.
Infectious cellular uptake of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is initiated by a complex sequence of interactions between the viral envelope gp120/gp41 complex and the cellular CD4 receptor resulting in the exposure of a hydrophobic region of gp41 that mediates the irreversible fusion of the virus with the cell memb
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10802-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066331
Ojwang JO; Hampel A; Looney DJ; Wong-Staal F; Rappaport J; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La; Jolla 92093-0665.
Ribozymes are RNAs that possess the dual properties of RNA sequence-specific recognition, analogous to conventional antisense molecules, and RNA substrate destruction via site-specific cleavage. The cleavage reaction is catalytic in that more than one substrate molecule is processed per ribozyme molecule. We have desi
McCann PP; Pegg AE; Marion Merrell Dow Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46268-0470.
Interest in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the therapeutic effects of its inhibition with the consequent depletion of polyamine biosynthesis has been widespread since the late 1970s and 1980s. This review covers new information about the properties of ODC, recent findings with ODC inhibitors and a discussion of the
Brown GR; Rundell JR; McManis SE; Kendall SN; Zachary R; Temoshok L; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Wilford Hall Medical Center,; Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.
As part of a military universal HIV screening program, 442 men were assessed for the presence of DSM-III-R defined psychiatric disorders and symptoms of anxiety and depression after notification of HIV seroconversion. Of them, 84.4% were in the earliest, asymptomatic stages of disease at the time of interview (96% did
Gilks CF; Otieno LS; Brindle RJ; Newnham RS; Lule GN; Were JB; Simani PM; Bhatt SM; Okelo GB; Waiyaki PG; et al; Clinical Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute,; Nairobi.
The range of clinical presentations of HIV-related disease in Africa has not been adequately described, despite the fact that many hospitals have to rely heavily on clinical diagnosis. Six hundred adult medical patients seen in the Casualty Department of the main Government hospital in Nairobi were enrolled in a study
Sasson JP; Dratch PL; Shortsleeve MJ; Department of Radiology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; 02238.
The authors report two cases of sulfadiazine-induced obstructive nephropathy that were diagnosed with ultrasound (US). Renal US demonstrated layered clusters of echogenic shadowing material--presumed to be sulfa crystals--which cleared when the crystalluria resolved. The authors conclude that renal US is helpful in di
Herts BR; Megibow AJ; Birnbaum BA; Kanzer GK; Noz ME; Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, NY; 10016.
A retrospective evaluation was performed of the location and attenuation characteristics of abdominal and pelvic lymphadenopathy, identified at dynamic sequential bolus computed tomography (CT) in 69 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Lymph node appearance at CT was characterized as hyperattenuat
Biedma D; Bascunana A; Viciana P; Causse M; Torres Tortosa M; Lozano de Leon F; Pujol E; Pachon J
In order to assess the efficacy and the toxicity of zidovudine in AIDS patients, we have studied, prospectively, 117 patients that were treated with this drug, in several andalusian hospitals between January 1988 and June 1990. Initial dose of the drug was 200 mg every 4 hours. Mean survival was 100% at 6 months and 6
Pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii (PC) is characterized, in most cases, by the existence of infiltrates of interstitium or bilateral interstitium-alveolar type on the thorax radiography. However atypical radiological findings associated with this type of opportunistic infection are being described more and more fr
Jougla E; Hatton F; Le Toullec A; Michel E; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale,; INSERM, SC8-Service d'information sur les causes medicales de; deces, Le Vesinet.
From 1983 to 1990, the number of AIDS deaths in France (8119 deaths overall), increased substnatially but the annual rate of progression has fallen since 1987 (+35% in 1990). The socio-demographic characteristics of the deaths remained quite steady with the exception of the proport
Renard F; Costagliola D; Van Hemeldonck LA; Wollast E; Ecole de Sante Publique de l'ULB, Bruxelles, Belgique.
An estimation of HIV seroprevalence in Belgium in June 1990 was made by the back calculation method. The theoretical calculation of the number of virus carriers gave a range of values from 5,750 to 16,800 carriers. The upper part of this range seems to be more consistent with data
To clarify the mode of action of an oral bacterial extract (OM-85 BV) on local airway immunity pre- and posttherapeutic washings from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 28 adult patients with nonobstructive chronic bronchitis were analysed. In comparison to healthy controls, an elevation of total cell count due to
Sepkowitz KA; Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer; Center, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) emerged in the 1980s as the most common opportunistic infection among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Because of this, the presentation and clinical course of PCP has become well-known to many physicians. However, PCP continues to occur among patients n
Stat Med. 1992 Sep 15;11(12):1569-78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93067755
Law CG; Brookmeyer R; Westat Inc., Rockville, MD 20850.
Doubly censored data arise in some cohort studies of the AIDS incubation period because the time of infection may be known only up to an interval defined by two successive screening tests for HIV antibody. A simple analytic approach is to impute the infection time by the mid-point of the interval and then apply standa
S D J Med. 1992 Oct;45(10):287-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068191
Ganga UR; Schafer L; USD School of Medicine, Sioux Falls.
We present a case of tuberculous peritonitis in the setting of alcoholic cirrhosis with ascites. A young American Indian male with alcoholic cirrhosis and ascites presented with low grade fever and weight loss. A diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis was made by laparoscopic guided peritoneal biopsy. He was treated suc
S D J Med. 1992 Oct;45(10):294-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068193
Salem A; Sioux Falls VAMC, SD.
Condoms have come a long way since their use in ancient Egypt three millennia ago. Their benefit is well established for the prevention of both contraception and STDs. Although AIDS has revitalized the condom, we must remember that condoms do not prevent the spread of HIV infection,
Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1101-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068304
Catania JA; Coates TJ; Stall R; Turner H; Peterson J; Hearst N; Dolcini MM; Hudes E; Gagnon J; Wiley J; et al; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 94143.
A national probability survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk factors among the general heterosexual population, the National AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Behavioral Surveys, has obtained data from 10,630 respondents. Data are presented on the prevalence of HIV-related risks in the gene
Thermal energy (80 degrees) for the disinfection of cancellous allogenic bone grafts was employed, and it proved to be an advantageous, safe and easily accessible method. The effects of this treatment on biological values were examined in terms of biomechanical and biodynamic (graft incorporation) loss of the treated
In trauma surgery, bone transplantation was needed in nearly 15% of all operations for reconstruction of defects. A high risk of viral infection remains in transplantation, however, cocultivation procedures have shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) resides in bone of HIV-infected persons. Safety guidelines
Lorenzo JI; Molina R; Senent ML; Monzo E; Lerma MA; Dasi MA; Monteagudo E; Aznar JA; Unidad de Coagulopatias Congenitas de la Comunidad Valenciana.
PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of AIDS, along with its origin and mortality rate, in a group of sero-positive haemophiliacs with long follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The progression into AIDS in 94 HIV-seropositive haemophiliacs (88 with haemophilia A and 6 with haemophilia B) followed since 1986 has been analyzed.
de Elizalde de Bracco MM; Riera N; Galassi N; de la Barrera S; Anselmo A; Perez Bianco R; Departamento Inmunologia, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos; Aires, Argentina.
Soc Work Health Care. 1992;17(2):11-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068640
Rosenberger J; Wineburgh M; Hunter College School of Social Work, New York, NY 10021.
Denial as a defense against anxiety can block the effectiveness of education and confrontation in work with clients manifesting AIDS risk behavior. The mechanism of denial is explored with reference to its role in supporting sexual acting out of unconscious conflicts. Clinical illustrations demonstrate the importance
Soc Work Health Care. 1992;17(2):27-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068641
Roberts CS; Severinsen C; Kuehn C; Straker D; Fritz CJ; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University; of South Florida, Tampa 33682-0179.
A social work clinician filled the role of case manager with multiple functions of discharge planner, client advocate, counsellor and educator in her work with a young male AIDS patient and his family. Material from this case is used to illustrate seven problem areas identified as obstacles to effective case managemen
Soc Work Health Care. 1992;17(2):41-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068642
Jimenez MA; Jimenez DR; Department of Social Work, California State University, Long; Beach.
This paper examines critical issues faced by Latino PWAs and offers suggestions for meeting the needs for community support and care of Latino PWAs and their families. As HIV disease is shifting increasingly to minority communities, social workers need to consider new approaches to developing community care. Drawing o
Soc Work Health Care. 1992;17(2):53-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068643
Schondel C; Shields G; Orel N; Bowling Green State University.
A scale, Attitude Towards Volunteer Motivation, was developed to measure motivation of volunteers who work with people with AIDS (PWAs). Fifty five questions were initially determined to have content validity. They were then administered to a random sample of youth services volunteers (n = 150) and members of an AIDS
Miller RF; Tomlinson MC; Cottrill CP; Donald JJ; Spittle MF; Semple SJ; Department of Medicine, University College and Middlesex School; of Medicine, London.
BACKGROUND: Kaposi s sarcoma in HIV antibody positive patients may affect the lungs. This study describes the presentation, chest radiographic appearances, and pulmonary function test abnormalities in patients with AIDS who had tracheobronchial Kaposi s sarcoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty nine (8%) of 361 consecutive
Mitchell DM; McCarty M; Fleming J; Moss FM; Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London.
BACKGROUND: Kaposi s sarcoma is the most common secondary neoplasm to complicate HIV infection and may cause pulmonary disease. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in 140 consecutive patients who were HIV seropositive and required bronchoscopy for new respiratory symptoms of at least two weeks duration, with
Pozniak AL; Latif AS; Neill P; Houston S; Chen K; Robertson V; Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare.
BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to identify the main clinical radiological and bronchoscopic features of HIV related Kaposi s sarcoma of the lung in African patients. METHODS: Forty seven HIV positive patients with epidemic Kaposi s sarcoma who had clinical or radiological respiratory changes were investigated by
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Mar-Apr;86(2):161-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93069406
Gramiccia M; Gradoni L; Troiani M; Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Istituto Superiore di Santia,; Roma, Italia.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are dramatically increasing in Mediterranean countries such as Spain , France and Italy . A study has been carr
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Jul-Aug;86(4):431-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93069460
Schoub BD; Johnson S; McAnerney JM; Blackburn NK; National Institute for Virology, University of the Witwatersrand,; Sandringham, South Africa.
The role of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in Black South Africans was evaluated by a seroprevalence study of sentinel populations at varying risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies was found to be 1.8% in an STD clinic sample of 272, 0.7% in a family pla
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Jul-Aug;86(4):435-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93069462
Garcia-Calleja JM; Mvondo JL; Zekeng L; Louis JP; Trebucq A; Salla R; Owona R; Kaptue L; World Health Organization, Yaounde, Cameroon.
By September 1991 Cameroon had reported 650 cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The results from the sentinnel surveillance system showed a seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1 of 1.3% among pregnant women, 2.5% in people attending sexually t
Elliott AM; School of Medicine, University of Zambia.
The epidemic of HIV-associated tuberculosis is having a severe impact on tuberculosis control in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as the United States of America, and is expected to spread. Where facilities are limited, the association between HIV and sputum-smear negative tuberculosis hamp
Detection of HIV infection in blood donors or populations is usually by testing sera for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2. Screening tests are now highly sensitive and specific, but still expensive and scarce in Africa. We tested the commercially available kits HIVCHEK 1 + 2 in two field laboratories, on specimens from
Klein G; Zentrum der Anasthesiologie und Wiederbelebung, Klinikum der; J.-W.-Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main.
Alternative techniques to reduce the need for homologous blood transfusions are clinically available for several years. Actually a decision of our federal constitutional court (Bundesgerichtshof) outlined the medicolegal importance of autologous blood transfusion concepts. Pre-operative donation of red cells and/or pl
The diagnostic value of original immunoblot system depends on the availability of enveloped protein GP120 because it is the antibodies to this polypeptide that frequently indicate the running virus infection. This polypeptide is lost during purification of viral material but remains free in culture medium. The extract
High molecular natural (ridostin and larifan) and synthetic (camedon) interferon inducers inhibited HIV-1 replication in MT-4 and CEM cultures when administered simultaneously with the inoculum. The effect of interferon inducers was comparable with that of azidothymidine in concentrations providing cell protection. Th
National DNA polymerase from Thermus thermophilus was used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The synthetic oligonucleotides (primers) to the basic structural HIV genes GAG, ENV, the genome DNA of donor peripheral blood lymphocytes were used, and the controls included the plasmid DNA with cloned HIV genome and the ge
Three modifications of ELISA test system for HIV antigen detection are described. They are based on IgG from HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected human sera and monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 p24 used as immunosorbents. The peroxidase/anti-HIV-IgG conjugate was used in all the test systems. A possibility of quantitative dete
West J Med. 1992 Aug;157(2):144-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93070261
Kerlikowske KM; Katz MH; General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs; Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121.
Primary care physicians play an important role in identifying and treating bacterial infections in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are pathogens that can cause systemic or local infection in these patients. We review the epidemiolo
Broda W; I Oddzialu Chorob Wewnetrznych Szpitala Kolejowego, Pruszkowie.
Fungal gastric ulcer is a relatively frequent from of gastric mycosis coexisting in 20-30% of cases with peptic ulcer. In such cases fungi were present in patients without other disease and in those with concomitant diseases such as neoplasms, polyps of the stomach, haematological diseases, and in patients treated wit
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1992;104(19):583-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93070356
Loimer N; Allgemeines Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien, Psychiatrische; Universitatsklinik.
On September 25th 1987 methadone was legalized for therapeutic use in Austria . During the past four years altogether 1828 opiate addicts were admitted to methadone maintenance treatment. 439 females and 926 males were currently being treated in December 1991; their age ranged from
Clinical infectiology had passed through a marked transformation in the past, it is changing in the present time and will do so in the future. The most important factors for these changes are: the change of the living standard of the people, the increased number of persons with dispositions for infections, a better kn
Rodrigo JM; Serra MA; Aparisi L; Escudero A; Gilabert MS; Garcia F; Gonzalez R; del Olmo JA; Wassel AH; Artero A; et al; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
Responsiveness was assessed to a programme of vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine in a cohort of 197 intravenous drug addicts (mean age, 23.7 years) and their antibody response was compared with that of 271 healthy controls (mean age, 24.2 years). All participants were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsA
Srinivas RV; Rui Z; Compans RW; Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research; Hospital, Memphis, TN 38101.
The Friend spleen focus-forming virus (F-SFFV) codes for a transport-defective leukemogenic envelope glycoprotein designated as gp52. We have previously shown that the external domain of gp52 carries the determinants responsible for its transport defect. Consistent with this idea, truncated gp52 molecules that lack a
The epidemic situation in HIV infection in the northwestern region of this country has been analyzed. The ways of the spread of HIV infection among the infected persons, residents of the St. Petersburg region, Kaliningrad, Novgorod and Murmansk, have been studied. The infection is transmitted mainly through sexual con
Int J Dev Neurosci. 1992 Jun;10(3):231-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93071215
Macchi B; Caronti B; Cocchia D; Gremo F; Torelli S; Sogos V; Bonmassar E; Lauro GM; Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, II; University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy.
The possibility of a direct infection of human brain by HTLV-I, has been studied using an in vitro model. Human fetal astroglial cells were cocultivated with irradiated HTLV-I donor cell line MT-2, and assayed for the presence of HTLV-I core protein p19 after 1 week. Fifty-six per cent of GFAP positive astrocytes show
Connell EB; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
The success or failure of oral contraceptive (OC) use depends very heavily on the type and extent of the counseling a woman is given both before and during pill administration. If she selects the OC as her method of choice after considering all the options, a clear, detailed, and accurate discussion should ensue about
Am Pharm. 1992 Sep;NS32(9):55-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93071699
Billow JA; South Dakota State University, Brookings.
Condoms for men are currently the most effective of the nonprescription contraceptive methods. They are readily available, simple to use, and relatively inexpensive, and they are not associated with major adverse effects. If used both properly and consistently, condoms can significantly reduce the risk of transmission
Wang J; Kotler DP; Russell M; Burastero S; Mazariegos M; Thornton J; Dilmanian FA; Pierson RN Jr; Department of Medicine, St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center,; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New; York, NY 10025.
Malnutrition is common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which distorts the chemical contents in the fat-free mass (FFM) and alters the assumptions underlying the traditional methods for calculating body-fat content so that such measurements may not be accurate. In vivo neutron-activation ana
Am J Gastroenterol. 1992 Nov;87(11):1624-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93071837
Bigornia E; Simon D; Weiss LM; Jones J; Tanowitz H; Wittner M; Lyman W; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, New York.
Diarrhea contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Up to 50% of AIDS patients have diarrhea, and an etiologic agent for this cannot be identified in all of them. Recent evidence suggests that enterochromaffin cells may be infected by the hu
Am J Gastroenterol. 1992 Nov;87(11):1629-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93071838
Heiner AM; DiSario JA; Carroll K; Cohen S; Evans TG; Shigeoka AO; Division of Gastroenterology, University of Utah School of; Medicine, Salt Lake City.
We describe two patients with chronic diarrhea associated with dysgonic fermenter-3 (DF-3) infection. One patient had common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and the other hand chronic idiopathic neutropenia and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Specific stool culture techniques were necessary to isolate DF-3. The
Koblin BA; Morrison JM; Taylor PE; Stoneburner RL; Stevens CE; Wolf Szmuness Laboratory of Epidemiology, New York Blood Center,; New York 10021.
Trends in mortality related to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and to other causes were examined from 1978 to 1988 in a cohort of 8,906 homosexual men who participated in studies of hepatitis B virus infection in the late 1970s in New York City. HIV-related mortality rates increased from 1 per
Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Oct 1;136(7):895-907. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93071907
Kanki P; M'Boup S; Marlink R; Travers K; Hsieh CC; Gueye A; Boye C; Sankale JL; Donnelly C; Leisenring W; et al; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, MA 02115.
The authors studied the prevalence and risk determinants for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) in female prostitutes from Dakar (1985-1990), Ziguinchor (1987-1990), and Kaolack (1987-1990), Senegal , West Africa. Each cohort showed a distinct distributi
Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(5):711-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93071960
Askari E; Mehring J; Labor Occupational Health Program, University of California,; Berkeley 94720.
The authors developed a union sponsored 2-day human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) train the trainer program for healthcare workers in the San Francisco Bay Area. The program incorporated the education for action approach in an effort to respond to the inadequacies in many traditi
Am J Med. 1992 Nov;93(5):481-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072012
Dowell ME; Ross PG; Musher DM; Cate TR; Baughn RE; Infectious Disease Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,; Houston, Texas 77030.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of ceftriaxone in treating latent syphilis or asymptomatic neurosyphilis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Follow-up study of patients treated at two HIV-based clinics during 16 months from 1989 to 1991. PATIENTS: Patients were those in whom a c
Am J Med. 1992 Nov;93(5):520-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072017
Dube MP; Holtom PD; Larsen RA; Department of Medicine, Los Angeles County-University of Southern; California Medical Center 90033.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, and outcome of culture-proven meningitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Urban public general hospital in the
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1465-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072553
Castro KG; Valdiserri RO; Curran JW; Office of the Associate Director (HIV), Centers for Disease; Control, Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
The Eighth International AIDS Symposium in Amsterdam, the Netherlands , provided updated scientific and programmatic information on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to thousands of interested participants. As in the other scie
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1473-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072555
Rosenberg MJ; Gollub EL; Health Decisions, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC 27515.
Although sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are a major concern for women, few prevention messages are targeted specifically to women. Those that are generally stress abstaining, altering the number or selection of partners, and urging partners to use condoms. But these behavi
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1479-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072556
Cates W Jr; Stewart FH; Trussell J; Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control,; Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
The companion article by Rosenberg and Gollub in this issue summarizes data from 10 observational studies and concludes that female-controlled contraceptive methods, under typical conditions, are comparable to condoms in preventing sexually transmitted diseases and should be merchandized as such. While we agree that c
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1483-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072557
Kelly JA; St. Lawrence JS; Stevenson LY; Hauth AC; Kalichman SC; Diaz YE; Brasfield TL; Koob JJ; Morgan MG; Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Psychiatry and Mental; Health Sciences, Milwaukee 53226.
OBJECTIVES. It is critical to extend community-level acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention efforts beyond education alone and to develop models that better encourage behavioral changes. Gay men in small cities are vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to continued high rates of
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1490-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072558
Peterson JL; Coates TJ; Catania JA; Middleton L; Hilliard B; Hearst N; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San; Francisco 94105.
OBJECTIVES. Little is known about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) high-risk sexual practices of gay and bisexual African-American men. These data are needed so that better interventions can be developed and implemented in this population. METHODS. The frequency and correlates of unprotected anal intercourse wer
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1495-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072559
Rosenblum L; Buehler JW; Morgan MW; Costa S; Hidalgo J; Holmes R; Lieb L; Shields A; Whyte BM; Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases,; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the completeness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case reporting. METHODS. Statewide or hospital-specific 1988 medical records were linked with AIDS surveillance in six sites. Medical records were reviewed for persons who had diagnoses suggesting human
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1500-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072560
Buehler JW; Hanson DL; Chu SY; Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Diseases,; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
OBJECTIVE. This study was undertaken to assess the completeness of vital statistics and case reports of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in measuring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality in women 15 through 44 years of age. METHODS. We used vital records to determine the number of deaths attri
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1506-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072561
Biggar RJ; Melbye M; AIDS Research, Danish Cancer Registry, Copenhagen.
OBJECTIVES. Low response rates to voluntary surveys raise questions about how representative the responses are. We compared the behavior and attitudes of responders, willing and reluctant, and nonresponders to anonymous questionnaires about behaviors that might expose participants to the human immunodeficiency virus (
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1533-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072566
Anderson JE; Hardy AM; Cahill K; Aral S; Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV Prevention,; Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
To see how successful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing efforts have been in testing the United States population, particularly among those at increased risk for HIV infection, we analyzed data from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey. Twenty percent of th
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1542-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072569
Corless IB; Lisker A; Buckheit RW; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7460.
There has been a concern that the number of persons engaging in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training could decline because of questions about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmission. We investigated the theoretical possibility that a CPR manikin might serve as a fomite for HIV-1 transmission. Deconta
Am J Surg. 1992 Nov;164(5):528-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072654
Wait MA; Estrera A; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical; Center, Dallas 75235-8879.
The epidemiology and etiology of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) are shifting away from the predominance of subpleural bleb disease as emphasized by most reports since that of Kjaergaard ( Sweden , 1932). We conducted a retrospective review of all patients admitted to a large urban hos
Darban H; Watson RR; Darban JR; Shahbazian LM; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University Medical; Center, Tucson, Arizona.
Hallmarks of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are immunologic alterations, frequently associated with opportunistic infections. To study such associations, LP-BM5 murine retrovirus infection was used as a murine model of AIDS. Retrovirally infected and uninfected mice were fed a 5% (v/v) ethanol diet for
The majority of patients suffering AIDS-syndrome present with ENT aspects, being the most prevalent lateral adenopathy of the neck firstly, followed by thrush , pharyngo-esophageal candidiasis and herpes simplex. Differences regarding the distribution in percentage in risk group
Anal Biochem. 1992 Aug 15;205(1):125-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072844
Brigham-Burke M; Edwards JR; O'Shannessy DJ; SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania; 19406.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a label-free, real time optical detection principle, has been investigated for its potential to detect and quantitate macromolecular ligand-ligate interactions. As model systems, the interactions of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120, and the monoclonal antibody L-71, with a solubl
Anal Biochem. 1992 Aug 15;205(1):36-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072857
Logsdon N; Lee CG; Harper JW; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College; of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
We have developed two methods for selective 5 modification of RNAs generated by enzymatic synthesis using T7 RNA polymerase. The first method involves a two-step procedure. Transcription reactions are performed under standard conditions except that GTP is replaced by GTP gamma S. Since the polymerase initiates transc
The angiotensin I-based peptide Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Glu-Glu-Ser yields angiotensin I (Ang I) and Leu-Glu-Glu-Ser upon hydrolysis by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease, but not by human renin. N-terminal sequencing of the reaction products showed that the HIV-1 protease cle
Heymann SJ; Brewer TF; Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard School of; Public Health, Boston, MA.
BACKGROUND: Transfusion-associated AIDS accounts for 10% of all cases of AIDS in Africa. The risk of HIV-1 contamination in transfusions continues to exist, even in countries where blood products are screened, because of limitations in test sensitivity, human error, and the window period. Furthermore, 30 African count
An Esp Pediatr. 1992 Sep;37(3):223-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073286
Perez Alvarez L; Gurbindo Gutierrez D; Hernandez Sampelayo T; Casado Gonzalez C; Varela Fernandez JM; Bernal Zamora A; Contreras Carrasco G; Garcia Saiz A; Najera Morrondo R; Centro Nacional de Biologia Celular y Retrovirus, Instituto de; Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid.
We have studied 70 children, born to HIV seropositive mothers, since the first trimester of life and every three months thereafter. The virological markers we used in the diagnosis included: 1) p24 antigen detection. 2) Autochthonous production of antibodies detected by Western Blot technique. 3) HIV isolation. 4) Spe
Ann Intern Med. 1992 Dec 1;117(11):905-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073320
Wenger NS; Greenberg JM; Hilborne LH; Kusseling F; Mangotich M; Shapiro MF; Division of General Internal Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine; 90024-1736.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing and education about HIV infection on communication about sexual risk behaviors for HIV transmission. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial with three arms. SETTING: University student health center. PATIENTS: Of 2196 heterosexual
Ann Intern Med. 1992 Dec 1;117(11):933-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073325
Gessain A; Gout O; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
PURPOSE: To review the clinical, epidemiologic, immunologic, and virologic aspects of the chronic myelopathy associated with human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I), currently called tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). DATA IDENTIFICATION: Studies done after 1985, when TSP
Ann Intern Med. 1992 Dec 1;117(11):947-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073326
Medicine, law, and social values are not static and must be re-examined periodically. This edition of the ACP Ethics Manual covers emerging issues in medical ethics and revisits some old issues. The overview of the evolution of medical ethics, which appeared in previous editions of the Manual, has been eliminated to a
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992 Sep 30;669:165-73; discussion 173-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073400
Baum MK; Shor-Posner G; Bonvehi P; Cassetti I; Lu Y; Mantero-Atienza E; Beach RS; Sauberlich HE; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami; School of Medicine, Florida 33136.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1992;46:533-64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073722
Sheppard HW; Ascher MS; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department; of Health Services, Berkeley 94704.
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in progressive deterioration of the cell-mediated immune system characterized by T-helper-cell dysfunction and loss in the face of signs of generalized immune-system activation. The final stage of HIV disease, AIDS, has a myriad of opportunistic infections and
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1992;46:655-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073727
Spencer DC; Price RW; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota,; Minneapolis 55455.
Neurological disease frequently complicates HIV-1 infection. In addition to opportunistic infections, a syndrome of combined cognitive and motor impairment, referred to as the AIDS dementia complex, has been recognized. While presumed to relate to HIV-1 itself, the pathogenesis of
Schroeder C; Maeve MK; Denver Nursing Project in Human Caring, University of Colorado; School of Nursing.
Jean Watson s theory of nursing as the art and science of human caring provides the framework for practice at the Denver Nursing Project in Human Caring, a nurse-managed center for people living with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this article is to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a new model of
Knupp CA; Graziano FM; Dixon RM; Barbhaiya RH; Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers; Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Syracuse, New York; 13221.
The potential pharmacokinetic interactions between didanosine, an acid-labile antiretroviral agent, and ranitidine, an H2-receptor antagonist, were evaluated by a crossover study of 12 male patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus. Single oral doses of 375 mg of didanosine, formulated as a citrate-ph
Morgan ME; Chi SC; Murakami K; Mitsuya H; Anderson BD; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; 84124.
AIDS dementia complex is a neurologic disorder, characterized by increasingly severe cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairment, which is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the central nervous system (CNS). Many of the dideoxynucleosides effective syst
Morse GD; Portmore AC; Marder V; Plank C; Olson J; Taylor C; Bonnez W; Reichman RC; University of Rochester AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, New York.
Pharmacokinetic and coagulation studies were carried out over a 12-week period with 11 asymptomatic hemophilia patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving zidovudine (ZDV). The patients received 300 mg every 4 h while awake (the accepted dose at the time of this study); consecutive 24-h intravenous
Brun-Pascaud M; Girard PM; Pocidalo JJ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U.; 13, Hopital Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) alone was found to be as effective as low-dose TMP-SMX plus zidovudine and standard-dose TMP-SMX alone in preventing and treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in an immunosuppressed-rat model. Zidovudine alone had no preventive or curative effect on PCP. We conc
Herdewijn PA; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rega Instituut, Leuven,; Belgium.
This mini-review describes the structure-activity relationships of several series of new nucleoside analogues. It also points to the possibilities of finding new molecular modifications which could lead to antivirals with activity both against human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and herpesviruses.
Beenhouwer DO; Rankin JA; Mellors JW; Department of Internal Medicine, yale University School of; Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Conflicting data have been reported on ability of 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) to protect mononuclear phagocytes from HIV-1 infection. We compared the antiviral potency of AZT in three types of primary human mononuclear phagocytes: peripheral bloo
Koch JA; Ruprecht RM; Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Primate and non-primate species have been used to study the pathobiology of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), respectively, and to develop new therapeutic regimes. Transgenic mice which express either the entire HIV-1 provirus or subgenomic fragments have b
Warren RP; Morrey JD; Burger RA; Okleberry KM; Sidwell RW; AIDS Research Program, Utah State University, Logan 84322-6895.
(B10.A x A/WySn)F1 mice, infected with the Friend virus (FV) complex, were used as a predictive therapeutic model for AIDS. These infected mice exhibit many of the viral and immunologic manifestations of AIDS. Bropirimine (2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4[3H]pyrimidinone, ABPP) is an immunomodulating compound which has been
Wagner N; Bialek R; Radinger H; Brackmann HH; Becker M; Department of Paediatrics, University of Bonn, Federal Republic; of Germany.
In order to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the early stages of HIV infection (patients without AIDS or AIDS related complex) a prospective controlled open trial was conducted in 36 patients (age 6-19 years) with haemophilia. Eighteen patients received 0.3 g/kg IVIG at two week intervals;
Brandeau ML; Owens DK; Sox CH; Wachter RM; Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,; Stanford University, CA 94305-4024.
In light of the increasing problem of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, the issue of screening women for HIV is receiving considerable attention. We analyzed the costs and benefits of screening women of childbearing age for HIV. The analysis was based on a dynamic model of the HIV epidemic tha
Kelly JA; Murphy DA; Roffman RA; Solomon LJ; Winett RA; Stevenson LY; Koob JJ; Ayotte DR; Flynn BS; Desiderato LL; et al; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Sciences, Medical; College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
BACKGROUND--Most research on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been conducted in several of the country s largest cities, and little is known about the current level of human immunodeficiency virus risk taking among gay men in other geographical areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of r
The medical profession has long recognized the need to maintain the confidentiality of a patient s medical condition, particularly when stigmatizing conditions, like human immunodeficiency virus infections, are involved. The obligation to maintain confidentiality continues after the death of the patient. At the same t
OBJECTIVE--To determine the ability to recover human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from the plasma and mononuclear cell (MNC) fractions of postmortem blood samples from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. DESIGN--Blood was randomly cultured post mortem from 41 patients with the acquired immun
Badawey EA; Hazzaa AA; Rida SM; Fahmy HT; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,; University of Alexandria, A.R. Egypt.
Benzimidazolylthiazoles 2 were synthesized by condensing 1H-benzimidazole-2-acetonitrile (1) with sulphur and isothiocyanates. The syntheses of the Schiff bases 3, thioureas 4, and thiazolopyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazoles 5 and 6 are also described. Seven compounds were evaluated in vitro against human HIV, however, no s
Sheremata WA; Berger JR; Harrington WJ Jr; Ayyar DR; Stafford M; DeFreitas E; Department of Neurology, University of Miami/Jackson, Fla. 33101.
Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM) (tropical spastic paraparesis/HAM) has rarely been reported in the United States . We present 10 well-documented cases with positive Western immunoblot test results and polymerase chain reactions for HTLV-I. The clin
Marder K; Sterh Y; Malouf R; Tang MX; Bell K; Dooneief G; el-Sadr W; Goldstein S; Gorman J; Richards M; et al; Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of; Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
We examined 99 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and 122 HIV-positive intravenous drug users (IVDUs) without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to determine whether HIV-positive IVDUs had more neurologic and neuropsychological impairment than their HIV-negative counterparts. Controlling for age, educa
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Oct 30;188(2):624-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93075141
Brinkworth RI; Fairlie DP; Centre for Drug Design and Development, University of Queensland,; Brisbane, Australia.
Based upon an earlier observation that sodium docosanedioate (NaO2C-(CH2)20-CO2NA) weakly inhibits HIV-1 proteinase (IC50 12 microM), we have identified a class of more potent inhibitors (sulfonic acids) of this enzyme which are likewise dianionic at pH 5-6.5. Many of the compounds were moderately strong inhibitors of
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Oct 30;188(2):631-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93075142
Brinkworth RI; Stoermer MJ; Fairlie DP; Centre for Drug Design and Development, University of Queensland,; Brisbane, Australia.
Substituted gamma-chromones were found to weakly inhibit HIV-1 proteinase, an important enzyme in the replication and processing of the AIDS virus. Chromones bearing hydroxyl substituents and a phenolic group at the 2-position (flavones) were the most active compounds and structure-activity relationships for a limited
Several series of chemically different inhibitors of the HIV-1 aspartyl protease have been described. Nevertheless despite the high in vitro potency showed, in most cases these inhibitors are unable to inhibit viral replication in infected cells. Penetration of the inhibitors across the cell membrane might account for
Starting from highly potent HIV-1 protease pepstatine analog inhibitors, we have tried to find the minimum consensus sequence which is necessary to conserve anti-protease potency and antiviral activity. We describe here some statine based tripeptides which exhibit high affinity for the protease and are able to inhibit
The structure of 3 -methylamino-2 ,3 -dideoxyribosylthymine [ddT(3 NHMe)] was determined by X-ray analysis. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2(1). Cell dimensions are: a 5.132(1), b 13.718(1), c 16.947(2) A, V 1193.2 A3, Z 4. The structure was solved by directed methods and refined by the full-matrix least square method to
J Med Chem. 1992 Oct 30;35(22):4098-104. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059249
Megati S; Goren Z; Silverton JV; Orlina J; Nishimura H; Shirasaki T; Mitsuya H; Zemlicka J; Department of Chemistry, Michigan Cancer Foundation, Detroit; 48201.
Synthesis of optically pure (-)- and (+)-adenallene 2 and 3 is described. Racemic adenallene (1a) was subjected to deamination with adenosine deaminase monitored by HPLC using a Chiralcel CA-1 column to give (-)-adenallene (2) and (+)-hypoxallene (4). The latter compound was converted to acetate 5. The reaction of 5 w
N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 10;327(24):1704-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063109
Ellerbrock TV; Lieb S; Harrington PE; Bush TJ; Schoenfisch SA; Oxtoby MJ; Howell JT; Rogers MF; Witte JJ; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta 30333.
BACKGROUND. In the United States , an increasing proportion of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live in nonmetropolitan areas. Little is known, however, about the risk factors for HIV transmission in women outside large cities. METHODS. We interviewed and teste
Wu TC; Pizzorno MC; Hayward GS; Willoughby S; Neumann DA; Rose NR; Ansari AA; Beschorner WE; Baughman KL; Herskowitz A; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution,; Baltimore, Maryland.
OBJECTIVE: Recent clinical and echocardiographic studies have identified dilated cardiomyopathy in 10-20% of HIV-infected adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of cardiotropic cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infec
Kestens L; Brattegaard K; Adjorlolo G; Ekpini E; Sibailly T; Diallo K; Gigase PL; Gayle H; De Cock KM; Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical; Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the basic immunological changes induced by HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection and to assess the immune status of subjects serologically reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 (dually-reactive). DESIGN: Immune parameters were studied cross-sectionally in women delivering in Abidjan,
Gachupin-Garcia A; Selwyn PA; Budner NS; Department of Epidemiology & Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical; Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining malignancies in injecting drug users with and without HIV infection in a methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP). DESIGN: Prospective study within a hospital-affiliated MMTP with on-site primary medical services. The MMTP has been the site
Harrison GS; Long CJ; Curiel TJ; Maxwell F; Maxwell IH; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Health; Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
Expression of a gene encoding the diphtheria toxin A (DT-A) chain, under the control of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) proteins Tat and Rev, has previously been shown to confer on cells an impaired ability to produce HIV. That work was done in HeLa cell lines that had stably integrated the regulated DT-A gene
Price TA; Digioia RA; Simon GL; Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical; Center, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Histopathologic evidence of central nervous system involvement with cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) has been well recognized in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, clinically symptomatic disease has been
Rich JD; Crawford JM; Kazanjian SN; Kazanjian PH; Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
We report the detailed clinical features of discrete mass lesions of the gastrointestinal tract caused by cytomegalovirus in three patients who had the acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome. The disease occurred in the fundus of the stomach in one patient and in the cecum in the
Geisser S; Johnson W; School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
We consider the problem of deciding optimally whether a characteristic exists based on one or two screening tests. We discuss the relative merits of giving either one or two tests, including the order in which they might be given, as well as their costs. Operating in the Bayesian mode, we derive posterior distribution
Ghodse AH; McCartney J; Division of Addictive Behaviour, St George's Hospital Medical; School, London, UK.
Elements of a systems approach to analysing service delivery are outlined. A specific example--St George s Hospital Addiction Behaviour Department--is detailed. Dynamics of the system--from the client s perspective and the workers viewpoint--demonstrate some of the ways in which emotional conflict surrounding the task
Br Vet J. 1992 Sep-Oct;148(5):399-412. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93045431
Bennett M; Smyth NR; Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of; Liverpool, Veterinary Field Station, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), previously known as feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus (FTLV), was first described by Pedersen et al. (1987) who isolated the virus from cats with a variety of clinical signs suggestive of immunodeficiency. Since then FIV has become one of the most studied feline viruses, not least b
Cornford ME; Holden JK; Boyd MC; Berry K; Vinters HV; Department of Pathology, UCLA Center for Health Sciences; 90024-1732.
Neuropathological findings from 39 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) autopsies of primarily neurologically symptomatic patients and 7 brain biopsies from AIDS patients performed at St. Paul s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia are reported. Autopsy findings included human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-typ
Cancer Res. 1992 Dec 1;52(23):6463-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93046162
Aida Y; Okada K; Ohtsuka M; Amanuma H; Laboratory of Gene Technology and Safety, Tsukuba Life Science; Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN),; Ibaraki, Japan.
Tumor-associated antigens that are expressed in tumor cells of cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) were analyzed previously by use of 13 monoclonal antibodies. We biochemically identified one of the tumor-associated antigens, which is recognized by the c143 monoclonal antibody, as two glycoproteins, each having
Odeleye OE; Eskelson CD; Mufti SI; Watson RR; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arizona Health; Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724.
Retrovirally induced immunosuppression may elevate the incidence of chemically induced cancers. A proposed hypothesis to explain this relationship is the increased free radical activity observed during retroviral infection and carcinogen activation. We previously found that vitamin E retarded growth of esophageal tumo
Walsh MB; Calabrese LH; Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic; Foundation, OH 44195.
Homosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is usually slowly progressive, and reports of its rapid progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are rare. We present a case of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus coinfection tha
Lin DS; Bowman DD; Jacobson RH; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University,; Taipei.
Antibodies to antigens of Toxoplasma gondii were measured in the aqueous and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 16 specific-pathogen free kittens experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), T. gondii, or both pathogens. The results indicated that all cats infected with T. gondii had antibody responses
Reid RW; Barr MC; Scott FW; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, New; York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University,; Ithaca 14853.
A total of 878 samples from the New York State Diagnostic Laboratory (NYSDL), dating from January 1984 to May 1987, were examined to detect antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). We used 2 screening methods; an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the
Control Clin Trials. 1992 Aug;13(4):272-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93047974
Ellenberg SS; Cooper E; Eigo J; Finkelstein DM; Hoth DF; Nusinoff-Lehrman S; Sacks H; Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious; Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
EMBO J. 1992 Dec;11(12):4459-69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/M94785
Biessmann H; Champion LE; O'Hair M; Ikenaga K; Kasravi B; Mason JM; Developmental Biology Center, University of California, Irvine; 92717.
HeT-A elements are a new family of transposable elements in Drosophila that are found exclusively in telomeric regions and in the pericentric heterochromatin. Transposition of these elements onto broken chromosome ends has been implicated in chromosome healing. To monitor the fate of HeT-A elements that had attached t
Schuster V; Kreth HW; Department of Paediatrics, University of Wurzburg, Federal; Republic of Germany.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an ubiquitous human B lymphotropic virus, is the cause of infectious mononucleosis. Moreover, EBV infection can be followed by lymphoproliferative diseases in patients with inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies. Primary EBV infection may be a threat to all children after marrow or organ t
Emilie D; Touitou R; Raphael M; Peuchmaur M; Devergnee O; Rea D; Coumbraras J; Crevon MC; Edelman L; Joab I; et al; INSERM U131, Clamart, France.
Expression of the interleukin (IL)-10/BCRF1 gene was studied by in situ hybridization in tissue samples from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) lymphomas using a BCRF1 probe which also recognizes the human IL-10 sequence. Hybridization was detected in 8 out of 15 lymphomas. In contrast, the IL-10/BCRF1 gene exp
Chuang EL; Davis JL; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,; University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136.
In patients with AIDS, the most important ocular opportunistic infection, CMV retinitis, can now be treated effectively with virostatic agents. Associated retinal detachment is encountered frequently, and its management has become increasingly significant to qua
Edwards MC; Gibbs RA; Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine,; Houston, Texas 77030.
The molecular phylogeny of Alu and other repeated sequences in the human genome provides clues to events during primate evolution. A subclass of human Alu s has been previously identified as dimorphic insertions within members of the medium reiteration frequency (mer) class of repeats, reflecting the complicated seque
Judson FN; Denver Public Health Department, CO 80204-4507.
An increasing body of information permits certain conclusions to be drawn about the nature and magnitude of the interactions between HPV and HIV infections and their influence on the genesis of intraepithelial neoplasia and, to a lesser extent, cancer. Importantly, findings tend to be consistent across a number of ind
Lacey CJ; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, General Infirmary, Leeds,; UK.
There are now a number of lines of evidence giving support for a causal role of high-risk oncogenic HPV types in cervical cancer. However, it is clear that only a minority of women with HPV 16 infection, for example, develop invasive cancer. Therefore examination of whether sexually transmitted agents other than HPV a
Int J Cancer. 1992 Nov 11;52(5):731-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93052859
Bernard C; Mougin C; Madoz L; Drobacheff C; Van Landuyt H; Laurent R; Lab M; Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Saint-Jacques, Besancon, France.
In HIV-infected men, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly linked with the development of anogenital lesions but is not a sufficient factor to explain the neoplastic transformation of such lesions. We investigated the association between HPV and herpesvirus infections in penile and anal lesions from 54 HIV-
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992 Oct 1;201(7):1005-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93053942
Lappin MR; Marks A; Greene CE; Collins JK; Carman J; Reif JS; Powell CC; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; 80523.
Serologic evidence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii, feline leukemia virus, feline coronaviruses, or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is commonly found in cats with uveitis. Serum samples from 124 cats with uveitis were assayed by use of ELISA for the detection of T gondii-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and
Chang CN; Skalski V; Zhou JH; Cheng YC; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine,; New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
2 ,3 -Dideoxy-3 -thiacytidine (cis-(+/-)-SddC) was found to have potent activity against hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency viruses in culture. Recent studies by us identified (-)-SddC as the stereoisomer responsible for the antiviral effect and showed that the cytotoxicity was mainly caused by (+)-SddC. Met
Cameron CE; Grinde B; Jentoft J; Leis J; Weber IT; Copeland TD; Wlodawer A; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University; School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935.
The activity of the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) or the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease on peptide substrates which represent cleavage sites found in the gag and gag-pol polyproteins of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and HIV-1 has been analyzed. Each protease efficiently processed cleavage site subs
Menendez-Arias L; Young M; Oroszlan S; Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Carcinogenesis, National; Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development; Center, Maryland 21702-1201.
The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) protease gene was cloned into pGEX-2T, an Escherichia coli expression vector containing the glutathione S-transferase coding region of Schistosoma japonicum. The chimeric protein was formed by fusion of the glutathione S-transferase with a hexapeptide which contains a thrombin clea
Smith PD; Saini SS; Raffeld M; Manischewitz JF; Wahl SM; Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental; Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; 20892.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) is a major cause of inflammatory organ disease in immunosuppressed persons. To elucidate the mechanisms of CMV-induced inflammation, we investigated whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was involved in the pathogenesis of CMV col
Saltzman RL; Quirk MR; Jordan MC; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School,; Minneapolis 55455.
Although viremia is a hallmark of disseminated cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection, not all viremic patients have visceral organ CMV disease. We used blot hybridization with a cloned subgenomic probe to quantitate viral DNA in bl
J Immunol. 1992 Dec 1;149(11):3440-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056512
Foo-Phillips M; Kozak CA; Principato MA; Abe R; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
The genetic linkage of loci encoding stimulatory Mlsa and Mlsc determinants with proviruses of mouse mammary tumour viruses (MMTV) has been shown. We previously have reported that the ligand(s) for V beta 5, V beta 11, and V beta 12 behaves as a novel minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) determinant(s), Mlsf, to induce
J Immunol. 1992 Dec 1;149(11):3580-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056532
Parker KC; Bednarek MA; Hull LK; Utz U; Cunningham B; Zweerink HJ; Biddison WE; Coligan JE; Biological Resources Branch, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
Previous studies have indicated that most HLA-A2-binding peptides are 9 amino acid (aa) residues long, with a Leu at position 2 (P2), and a Val or Leu at P9. We compared the binding properties of different peptides by measuring the rate of dissociation of beta 2-microglobulin from peptide-specific HLA-A2 complexes. Th
Tabary T; Ju LY; Cohen JH; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU R. Debre, Reims, France.
A one-step, non-radioactive, homogeneous phase revelation system designed to detect and quantify nucleic acid hybridization is described. The principle of the procedure, termed homogeneous phase pyrophosphate (PPi) measurement (H3PIM), is to detect and quantify the release of PPi from nucleotides, which occurs stoichi
Icenogle JP; Laga M; Miller D; Manoka AT; Tucker RA; Reeves WC; Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch, Centers for Disease; Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was found in cervicovaginal lavage fluids from 9 of 11 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive female prostitutes with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Kinshasa, Zaire . Since 7 yielded complex nucleic acid hybridization re
Cinque P; Vago L; Brytting M; Castagna A; Accordini A; Sundqvist VA; Zanchetta N; Monforte AD; Wahren B; Lazzarin A; et al; Department of Infectious Diseases, S. Raffaele Hospital, Milan,; Italy.
A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated for the detection of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF and serum samples from 19 AIDS patients with intracerebral CMV infection diagnosed at aut
Wolf DG; Spector SA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego; 92093.
The utility of amplification of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of HCMV central nervous system (CNS) disease in AIDS patients was studied. CSF specimens from 30 patients with neurologic dysfunction were assayed by polymerase chain rea
Gozlan J; Salord JM; Roullet E; Baudrimont M; Caburet F; Picard O; Meyohas MC; Duvivier C; Jacomet C; Petit JC; Service de Bacteriologie-Virologie, Hopital Saint-Antoine,; Paris, France.
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was used to detect cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) DNA in 82 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 67 patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The test was positive for 14
Sperber SJ; Gocke DJ; Haberzettl C; Kuk R; Schwartz B; Pestka S; Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,; New Brunswick 08903-0019.
To identify candidate interferons (IFNs) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and to investigate sequence-function relationships, the antiviral activities of nine species of recombinant IFN-alpha [IFN-alpha A, IFN-alpha B, IFN-alpha C, IFN-alpha D, IFN-alpha J, [Ser116]IFN-alpha J
van Wijk GM; Hostetler KY; van den Bosch H; Center for Biomembranes and Lipid Enzymology, University of; Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Cytidine diphosphate diglyceride and its analogs have previously been synthesized by condensing phosphatidic acid with the monophosphomorpholidates of the various nucleosides. Yields have been low and purification of the product has been difficult. We report here an improved method for the synthesis of nucleoside diph
Weber PC; Kenny JJ; Wigdahl B; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S.; Hershey Medical Center, Department of Microbiology and; Immunology, Hershey 17033.
Dominant negative or trans-dominant mutants of viral proteins represent a new and exciting potential approach to antiviral therapy. Unfortunately, the extreme specificity of a given dominant negative mutant limits its general utility in treating a broad spectrum of viral diseases, since it can typically interfere with
Microinjection of wild-type adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) DNA and infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA into the nuclei of human epithelioid SW480 cells leads to specific inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Mutational analysis of the AAV genome showed that this negative interference
In part 1 of this two-part series, legal and ethical issues in HIV testing were examined, such as the ELISA test, informed consent, confidentiality, and mandatory vs. voluntary testing. In this article, the author presents the most important legal and ethical concerns related to legislation for testing, testing in the
Williams RD; Benedict S; Pearson BC; College of Nursing, University of Alabama, Huntsville 35899.
A low-incidence area of HIV/AIDS was the site for this study, which examined baccalaureate nursing students degree of comfort in providing basic nursing care to people with AIDS (PWAs), and determined the effect of a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored one-day workshop on HIV/AIDS on this degree of comfort.
Battles JK; Hu MY; Rasmussen L; Tobin GJ; Gonda MA; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Structure, National Cancer; Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center,; Maryland 21702-1201.
The bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) gag gene encodes a 53-kDa precursor (Pr53gag) that is involved in virus particle assembly and is further processed into the putative matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC) functional domains in the mature virus. Gag determinants are also found in the Gag-Pol polyprotein
Darlix JL; Gabus C; Allain B; LaboRetro Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche; Medicale, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, France.
The retroviral genome consists of two identical RNA molecules associated at their 5 ends by a stable structure called the dimer linkage structure. The dimer linkage structure, while maintaining the dimer state of the retroviral genome, might also be involved in packaging and reverse transcription, as well as recombin
Moch H; Lang D; Stamminger T; Institut fur Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Universitat; Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany.
The immediate-early 1 and 2 gene locus of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) that encodes trans-activator proteins with effects on both homologous and heterologous promoters is expressed under control of a complex enhancer/promoter regulatory region. This enhancer contains four types of
Chowdhury M; Taylor JP; Chang CF; Rappaport J; Khalili K; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University,; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
A specific RNA sequence located in the leader of all human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNAs termed the transactivation response element, or TAR, is a primary target for induction of HIV-1 long terminal repeat activity by the HIV-1-derived trans-regulatory protein, Tat. Human neurotropic virus, JC virus (JCV
Dong J; Roth MG; Hunter E; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
We have investigated what protein sequences are necessary for glycoprotein incorporation into Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) virions by utilizing the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus. Two chimeric HA genes were constructed. In the first the coding sequence for the signal peptide of the RSV env gene product was
Phares W; Franza BR Jr; Herr W; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724.
The kappa B transcriptional enhancer motif, present in many viruses, is broadly active in many cell types. It is recognized by c-Rel/HIVEN86A in DNA affinity precipitation (DNAP) assays and by the Rel-related p50 and p65 subunits of the nuclear factor NF-kappa B in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). We have
Bashir R; Masih A; Kallweit K; Fordyce-Boyer R; Sanger W; Purtilo D; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical; Center, Omaha.
BACKGROUND: Recently established Epstein-Barr virus immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines express polyclonal immunoglobulins, are diploid, and grow into invasive tumors when injected intracerebrally into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). It is unclear whether clonal selection of neurotropic cell line
Saxon AJ; Calsyn DA; Seattle VA Medical Center, Wash. 98108.
The relationship between alcohol consumption and high-risk behavior for HIV infection was examined among 313 in-treatment intravenous drug users (IVDUs) by random assignment of these subjects to one of three interventions: (1) structured interview regarding risk behavior; (2) interview plus one group AIDS education se
Re MC; Furlini G; Ramazzotti E; Vignoli M; Zauli G; Lolli S; Monari P; Belletti D; Nanetti A; La Placa M; Institute of Microbiology, University of Bologna, Italy.
The pathogenetic potential and the true extent of human T leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) infection are unknown. To find out more about HTLV-I/II seroepidemiology and the risks of iatrogenic transmission, we performed a serological study, screening 4086 healthy blood donors. A surpris
Hurley P; Pinder G; Office of Vital Health Statistics, National Center for Health; Statistics/Centers for Disease Control/DHHS, Hyattsville, MD; 20782.
A controversial proposal for a survey of HIV infection in a probability sample of U.S. household residents as part of the government s surveillance of the AIDS epidemic provided a number of challenges to survey science. These were compounded by ethical concerns and social sensitivities surrounding the topic. Questions
Felix DH; Watret K; Wray D; Southam JC; Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, University of; Edinburgh, Scotland.
Oral hairy leukoplakia is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated lesion that is considered to be a marker of immunosuppression. We report a case of oral hairy leukoplakia in a healthy nonimmunosuppressed elderly patient with no evidence of HIV infection on repeated investigation. This report has important implications on ou
Barton TL; Roush MK; Dever LL; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science; Center, San Antonio 78284-7766.
A 32-year-old man diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and a disseminated cytomegalovirus infection experienced seizures associated with the administration of ganciclovir. Seizures began 1 month after initiation of therapy and worsened with increasing dosages. Despite
Ohlendorf DH; Foundling SI; Wendoloski JJ; Sedlacek J; Strop P; Salemme FR; Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, Delaware; 19880-0228.
The structure of the retroviral proteinase from avian myeloblastosis associated virus (MAV) has been determined and refined at 2.2 A resolution. This structure is compared with those of homologous proteinases from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV). Through comparison with the struc
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10041-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066175
Chance MR; Sagi I; Wirt MD; Frisbie SM; Scheuring E; Chen E; Bess JW Jr; Henderson LE; Arthur LO; South TL; et al; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College; of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
Zinc finger arrays have been established as a critical structural feature of proteins involved in DNA recognition. Retroviral nucleocapsid proteins, which are involved in the binding of viral RNA, contain conserved cysteine-rich arrays that have been suggested to coordinate zinc. We provide metalloprotein structural d
LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) induces an immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) in C57BL/6 mice which resembles immunological abnormalities observed in early stages of human AIDS. In our study, MAIDS virus-infected mice were exposed to low doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) before and after virus inoculation and co
Gonzalez Guijarro J; Polo Rodriguez RM; Ramos Martinez MA; Acebes Verdugo F; Gonzalez Lahoz JM; Verdejo Ortes J; Servicio de Oftalmologia, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid.
We evaluate retrospectively 38 patients with AIDS and Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis. In 72.5% (45 from 62 eyes) it carried an important sight risk; 50% of the end of the follow-up. Evidence of extraocular illness in 28.5% of the patients. Using control groups
Huber BT; Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine,; Boston, MA 02111.
The Mls gene products, which have long been known for their potent T-cell stimulatory function, have recently come of age through two pivotal discoveries, revealing that they act as superantigens and originate from retroviruses. In addition, recent experiments suggest that two retroviruses, the murine B-type mammary t
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1992 Sep;33(4):301-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93069951
Ueland K; Nesse LL; National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
A naturally occurring feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in a closed breeding colony of cats, was studied for a period of 9 months. The colony consisted of 25 adult cats, of which six proved to be infected with FIV as judged by serological examination and virus isolation. In all, 48 kittens were monitored f
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1992 Oct;34(1-2):173-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93069963
Ungar-Waron H; Brenner J; Paz R; Trainin Z; Department of Immunology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit; Dagan, Israel.
Circulating immune complexes (ICs) were detected in the sera of bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-seropositive cattle. Immune complexes were precipitated in 2.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and further dissociated. Bovine leukemia virus antigens, IgG and IgM molecules were detected after solubilization in the presence of sodi
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1536-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072567
Calsyn DA; Meinecke C; Saxon AJ; Stanton V; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Wash. 98108.
Just before and 4 months after initiation of a condom giveaway program, a questionnaire regarding sexual behavior and condom acquisition was administered to 103 men attending an outpatient drug abuse treatment clinic. Jars filled with a variety of condoms were placed in every clinic room. Condom taking varied as a fun
Whitney TM; Macho JR; Russell TR; Bossart KJ; Heer FW; Schecter WP; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; 94143-0807.
Reports in the surgical literature are few regarding common intra-abdominal disease processes, such as gallstone disease or appendicitis, in patients with AIDS and instead have focused on AIDS-related intra-abdominal diseases that infrequently require surgical intervention unless complicated by bleeding, obstruction,
Ann Intern Med. 1992 Dec 1;117(11):881-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073316
Reinus JF; Leikin EL; Alter HJ; Cheung L; Shindo M; Jett B; Piazza S; Shih JW; Montefiore Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Bronx,; NY 10467.
OBJECTIVE: To search for transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from infected mothers to their infants. DESIGN: Prospective clinical, serologic, and molecular biologic follow-up (at least 3 months) of the infants of mothers with anti-HCV antibody. SETTING: A county hospital providing primary and referral care in high
Ann Intern Med. 1992 Dec 1;117(11):887-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93073317
Wejstal R; Widell A; Mansson AS; Hermodsson S; Norkrans G; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ostra Hospital, Goteborg,; Sweden.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). DESIGN: Follow-up study of newborn children of mothers with chronic HCV infection. SETTING: A university hospital in Sweden . PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen women with chronic HCV infection and their 21 ne
Chin Y; Janseens J; Vandepitte J; Vandenbrande J; Opdebeek L; Raus J; Dr. L. Willems Institute, University Campus, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Suspensions of fresh tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were prepared from 30 human breast ductal adenocarcinomas. To evaluate the phenotypic pattern of the isolated TIL, lymphocyte surface markers including CD19, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16 and HLA-DR were examined by flow cytometry. Lymphocyte recovery ranged from 1.1% to
Hughes-Fulford M; McGrath MS; Hanks D; Erickson S; Pulliam L; Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San; Francisco, California 94121.
We have investigated the direct effect of dimethyl prostaglandin A1 (dmPGA1) on the replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). dmPGA1 significantly inhibited viral replication in both HSV and HIV infection systems at concentrations of dmPGA1 that did not adversely alter
Olofsson S; Eriksson S; Karlsson A; Oberg B; Department of Clinical Virology, University of Goteborg, Sweden.
The ability of 3 -fluoro-3 -deoxythymidine (FLT) to interfere with glycosylation was investigated in an experimental system, where the effects on the herpes simplex virus type 1-specified glycoprotein gC were determined. By adding FLT to HSV-infected cells after the peak of DNA synthesis, it was possible to segregate
Tanabe-Tochikura A; Tochikura TS; Blakeslee JR Jr; Olsen RG; Mathes LE; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Ohio State University,; Columbus 43210.
The ability of several known anti-HIV substances to inhibit feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was tested. The results showed that FIV infection of feline T-cells was almost completely blocked in the presence of all of the agents tested. However, FIV-induced syncytium formation between a human T-cell line (MT-2 cells
Starrett JE Jr; Tortolani DR; Hitchcock MJ; Martin JC; Mansuri MM; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute,; Wallingford, CT 06492.
9-(2-Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA; 1) was acylated with chloromethyl pivalate to afford bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) PMEA (2). The ester prodrug demonstrated enhanced in vitro potency against HSV-2 greater than 150-fold higher than the parent compound. The antiviral activity of 2 was 50-fold better than PMEA against
Dueholm KL; Motawia MS; Pedersen EB; Nielsen C; Lundt I; Department of Chemistry, Odense University, Denmark.
Direct condensation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (1) with mercaptans using the P4O10/H2O/Bu3N reagent in chloroform resulted in coupling at C-3 to give the anomeric mixtures of the corresponding pentopyranoses 2 and pentofuranoses 3. After acetylation with acetic anhydride in dry pyridine of these 3-alkylthio pentofuranoses, c
Stanton CA; Sloan B 3d; Slusher MM; Greven CM; Department of Pathology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine,; Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1033.
A 37-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis developed primary intraocular and central nervous system lymphoma. Intraocular involvement was documented before death with vitrectomy. Autopsy demonstrated the presence of cytomegalovirus retin
Watson RR; Odeleye OE; Darban HR; Lopez MC; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of; Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson 85724.
The relatively high incidence of infectious disease in alcoholics is attributed to the immunosuppressive effects of alcohol. The potential role of alcohol as cofactor in HIV infection and in the development and expression of AIDS is suggested but unknown. In order to understand better the contribution of alcohol to im
Re MC; Zauli G; Furlini G; Ranieri S; La Placa M; Institute of Microbiology, University of Bologna, Italy.
The amounts of interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-beta) were evaluated by immunoenzymatic assays in the supernatant of short-term cultures of whole mononuclear cells and purified CD4+ T-lymphocytes, obtained from the peripheral blood
Ameisen JC; Unite INSERM U167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France.
Here, Jean Claude Ameisen discusses new findings supporting the hypothesis that abnormal induction of programmed cell death (PCD) is relevant to AIDS pathogenesis. Recent evidence also suggests that the prevention of PCD is a factor in oncogenesis. Together, these ideas provide a framework for the reinterpretation of
Stoop AE; van der Heijden HA; Biewenga J; van der Baan S; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Free; University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Clinical parameters of 72 patients who were operated upon for nasal polyps were evaluated as well as biopsy specimens of the mucosa of the middle and inferior turbinates of 41 of these patients. Biopsies were taken at the time of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), after 6 months and after 1 year in 23 patients. During th
Alonso K; Pontiggia P; Nardi C; Sabato A; Cuppone Curto F; Clinica Citta di Pavia, Italy.
Ten Caucasian males with HIV-related Kaposi s sarcoma, a disseminated disease which is refractory to usual therapies, underwent a single session of systemic hyperthermia with maintenance of core temperatures at 42 degrees C for 1 h. One complete remission and 7 partial remissions were identified when assessed 30 days
Shibayama K; Nakamura T; Kinoshita I; Ueki Y; Nakao H; Eguchi K; Tsujihata M; Nagataki S; First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School; of Medicine, Japan.
We used two-color flow cytometric analysis to investigate CD26+ (Ta1+) cells in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM). The percentage of CD26+ cells among CD3+ cells was markedly increased in patients with HAM, compared with anti-HTLV-I
Johnson RT; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287.
During the past decade retroviruses have been recognized as causes of human neurological disease. A wide clinical spectrum of neurological and neuromuscular diseases have been reported with HIV infections, and studies of these diseases have raised novel and exciting hypotheses of pathogenesis. As yet the full clinical
Bornstein RA; Nasrallah HA; Para MF; Whitacre CC; Rosenberger P; Fass RJ; Rice R Jr; Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University, Columbus.
This study compared 74 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and 131 HIV-positive asymptomatic homosexual or bisexual men on an extensive neuropsychological test battery. HIV-positive subjects performance was significantly worse on verbal memory and psychomotor skills. The prevalence of mild but persistent neur
J Formos Med Assoc. 1992 Jun;91 Suppl 2:S150-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93044726
Lee MY; Lee JY; Department of Dermatology, National Cheng-Kung University; Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is an uncommon cutaneous neoplasm with an increased incidence among Jews and Italians of Europe and North America and Negroes of equatory Africa. In recent years, several cases have been diagnosed in AIDS patients and in patients who have undergone organ transplantation or received immunosuppress
C R Acad Sci III. 1992;314(9 Suppl):47-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93045626
Ameisen JC; Groux H; Capron A; Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie parasitaire, Unite mixte; I.N.S.E.R.M. U. 167-C.N.R.S. 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille,; France.
A major characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is progressive decline in T CD4+ lymphocytes. Ten years after infection, on average, this cell subpopulation disappears and AIDS develops. In the asymptotic phase T CD4+ lymphocytes no longer respond, in vitro or in vivo, to certain memory antigens
Drug Metab Dispos. 1992 Sep-Oct;20(5):747-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93048656
Naesens L; Balzarini J; De Clercq E; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit; Leuven, Belgium.
The pharmacokinetics of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), a potent inhibitor of retrovirus (i.e. human immunodeficiency virus) replication was determined in mice. Upon iv bolus administration of PMEA at 25, 100, or 500 mg/kg, PMEA was rapidly cleared from the plasma in a monoexponential and dose-independent
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1992 Oct;31(1):31-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93048665
Darke S; Hall W; Ross M; Wodak A; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New; South Wales, Kensington, Australia.
This paper examines the prevalence of benzodiazepine use, and its relationship to other drug use and HIV risk-taking among a sample of 1245 injecting drug users (IDU). Approximately a third (36.6%) of the sample had used benzodiazepines during their last typical month of injecting. Benzodiazepine users had injected mo
Fredj G; Dietlin F; Jasmin C; Maurisson G; Barbier M; Bayce P; Ratiney R; Rudant E; Debat P; Kalifa D; et al; Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.
The purpose of this study consisted in following-up the biological and clinical parameters in HIV infected patients treated with tacrine (THA). THA (150-300 mg/d) was administrated to 70 patients (39 IVC I and 31 IVC II and III). Thirty-five were treated after discontinuation of
Vincent C; Cozon G; Zittoun M; Mellquist M; Kazatchkine MD; Czerkinsky C; Revillard JP; Laboratory of Immunology, INSERM U80 CNRS URA 1177 UCBL, Hopital; E. Herriot, Lyon, France.
Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus is associated with polyclonal B cell activation and increased levels of serum IgA. In order to characterize the molecular species of serum IgA, we have measured total IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 in sera from 60 HIV-1-infected patients and 40 healthy controls. In addition, secretor
Farzadegan H; Chmiel JS; Odaka N; Ward L; Poggensee L; Saah A; Phair JP; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of; Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2179.
Serum antibody to p24 (anti-p24) and p24 antigen, alone and in combination with CD4+ lymphocyte number, were evaluated as predictors of progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Two hundred six HIV-1-prevalent seropositive men in the Multi-center AIDS Cohort Study since 1984-1985 were studi
Gallant JE; Moore RD; Richman DD; Keruly J; Chaisson RE; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Data were analyzed from a multicenter observational cohort study of 1002 persons with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) and total CD4 cell count
Shepherd AJ; Barr P; Lewin CS; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
The effect of thymidine and deoxyadenosine on the antiviral and antibacterial effect of zidovudine was studied in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. In quantitative assays, 10 micrograms mL-1 thymidine was shown to increase the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) o
Torisu T; Masumi S; Yamamoto H; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oita Medical University,; Japan.
Gonarthrosis in 11 human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-I) carriers were studied for sera, synovial fluids (SF) and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). Atypical lymphocytes similar to adult T cell leukemia cells were noticed in the SF of all the HTLV-I carriers and ranged from 19 to 1%, while those of peripheral white blood ce
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):131-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059326
Rosenberg YJ; Shafferman A; White BD; Papermaster SF; Leon E; Eddy GA; Benveniste R; Burke DS; Lewis MG; Henry M. Jackson Foundation Research Laboratory, Rockville, MD; 20850.
The decline in the CD4% and CD4/CD8 ratios have been compared in lymph nodes and blood from SIVMNE/E11S infected rhesus macaques. The results indicate that loss from the LN CD4+ cell pool does not occur until CD4/CD8 ratios of less than 0.5 is reached in blood. These changes also correlate with the ability to isolate
J Med Primatol. 1992 Feb-May;21(2-3):59-63. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059331
Baskin GB; Murphey-Corb M; Roberts ED; Didier PJ; Martin LN; Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Tulane University,; Covington, LA 70433.
Necropsy records from 204 SIV-infected rhesus monkeys that had been inoculated with various strains of SIV and had died of SIV-related disease were reviewed. The relationship of SIV encephalitis with other parameters was evaluated. Encephalitis was associated with the presence of syncytial cells in other tissues, with
JAMA. 1992 Nov 18;268(19):2662-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059910
Phillips AN; Elford J; Sabin C; Bofill M; Janossy G; Lee CA; Academic Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, University; College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, England.
OBJECTIVE--To describe the rate of development of immunodeficiency in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to relate this to the risk of death. DESIGN--Inception cohort followed up for up to 12 years from HIV seroconversion until January 1, 1992. SETTING--A regional hemophilia center based in a major teach
Lancet. 1992 Nov 21;340(8830):1252-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93061644
Lewis DL; Arens M; Appleton SS; Nakashima K; Ryu J; Boe RK; Patrick JB; Watanabe DT; Suzuki M; Faculty of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Some types of reused dental equipment, especially handpieces and their attachments for drilling and cleaning teeth, might be responsible for cross-contamination if patient material were to lodge temporarily in difficult-to-disinfect internal mechanisms. This possibility is worrisome with respect to transmission of hep
Lancet. 1992 Nov 21;340(8830):1257-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93061647
Ariyoshi K; Harwood E; Chiengsong-Popov R; Weber J; Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases,; St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
The mechanism of clearance of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viraemia is not fully understood. In two patients with acute HIV-1 infection, initial high titres of free infectious virus in plasma declined rapidly to undetectable levels within 4-8 weeks, an event that was coincident with seroconversion. Neutralis
N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 3;327(23):1643-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063089
Porter SB; Sande MA; Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS. Toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To investigate its clinical course, we reviewed the records of 115 patients with AIDS and central nervous system toxoplasmosis treated at San Fr
N Engl J Med. 1992 Dec 10;327(24):1697-703. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063108
Selwyn PA; Alcabes P; Hartel D; Buono D; Schoenbaum EE; Klein RS; Davenny K; Friedland GH; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Montefiore; Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS. To examine the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in injection-drug users, we conducted a prospective study of a cohort of patients in a methadone-treatment program in New York City from July 1985 through December 1990. The patients underwent standardized evaluation
Nature. 1992 Nov 19;360(6401):225-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93063363
Mombaerts P; Clarke AR; Rudnicki MA; Iacomini J; Itohara S; Lafaille JJ; Wang L; Ichikawa Y; Jaenisch R; Hooper ML; et al; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cancer Research,; Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Analysis of mice carrying mutant T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) genes indicates that TCR-beta gene rearrangement or expression is critical for the differentiation of CD4-CD8- thymocytes to CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, as well as for the expansion of the pool of CD4+CD8+ cells. TCR-alpha is irrelevant in these developmental pro
Sakamoto KM; Nimer SD; Rosenblatt JD; Gasson JC; Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine.
The immediate-early response gene, EGR-1, encodes a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that is involved in growth and differentiation of a variety of cell types. EGR-1 is induced in normal T cells following mitogenic stimulation and has recently been shown to be constitutively expressed in human T-cell leukem
Chiappelli F; Gormley GJ; Gwirstman HE; Lowy MT; Nguyen LD; Nguyen L; Esmail I; Strober M; Weiner H; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, School; of Medicine 90024.
Our studies describe the effects of 1 mg oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration of dexamethasone (DEX) on certain subpopulations of circulating lymphocytes in normal subjects. We compared the outcomes of PO and IV DEX administration because of individual differences in gastro-intestinal absorption of DEX and th
Lobato-Mendizabal E; Ruiz-Arguelles GJ; Hospital Universitario de Puebla, Mexico.
A group of 26 patients (18 males and 8 females) infected with HIV (42% through sexual route and 58% through blood/blood products transfusion) was prospectively studied to assess the efficacy of low doses (300 mg/day) of AZT combined (n = 15) or not (n
Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1485-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068332
Chatterjee S; Johnson PR; Wong KK Jr; Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health,; Rockville, MD 20852.
An adeno-associated virus vector encoding an antisense RNA was used to transduce stable intracellular resistance to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in human hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic cell lines. The antisense targets are present in all HIV-1 transcripts and include the TAR sequence, which is critical for
Rezza G; Titti F; Pezzotti P; Sernicola L; Lo Caputo S; Angarano G; Lazzarin A; Sinicco A; Rossi GB; Verani P; AIDS Unit, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto; Superiore di Sanita, Roma, Italy.
A cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal study has been conducted in three Italian infectious disease centres to evaluate the role of anti-nef antibodies and other markers (HIV-1 p24 antigen, p24 Ag; Beta 2-microglobulin, B2-M; and number of CD4+ lymphocytes) as predictors of disease progression in HIV seropos
Schmidtmayerova H; Lackovicova M; Stankova M; Bruckova M; Surovy I; Ujhelyi E; Fust G; Mayer V; Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava.
Specific HIV-1 neutralizing activity was measured in single serum samples obtained from 52 individuals suffering from different stage of HIV disease, as well as in serum samples collected during a four years follow up of other 13 HIV-1 seropositive persons, from whose seven developed AIDS. Three of these persons were
Gloeb DJ; Lai S; Efantis J; O'Sullivan MJ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami; School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Florida.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to provide information on survival and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive pregnant women undergoing prospective evaluation. STUDY DESIGN: After an index delivery, 103 human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive pregnant women were identified and underw
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1531-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072565
Des Jarlais DC; Wenston J; Friedman SR; Sotheran JL; Maslansky R; Marmor M; Yancovitz S; Beatrice S; Beth Israel Medical Center, National Development and Research; Institutes, Inc., New York City, NY 10013.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has proposed revising the AIDS surveillance definition to include any HIV-seropositive person with a CD4 cell count of less than 200 cells per microliter. Based on a study of persons receiving treatment for HIV infection, this new definition would lead to an estimated 50% increase
Am J Public Health. 1992 Nov;82(11):1538-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072568
Hoover DR; Saah A; Bacellar H; Murphy R; Visscher B; Metz S; Anderson R; Kaslow RA; School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University,; Baltimore, Md. 21205.
Using a case-control study of untreated men, we investigated the physical, mental, and economic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection prior to the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Beginning 2 to 2.5 years prior to AIDS, case subjects reported more of 12 HIV-1 related symptoms
Koch MA; Volberding PA; Lagakos SW; Booth DK; Pettinelli C; Myers MW; Center for Medical, Environmental and Energy Statistics, Research; Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194.
BACKGROUND--Protocol 019 of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine (3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine; formerly AZT ) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals. The initial
Aust N Z J Med. 1992 Aug;22(4):369-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93074773
Tindall B; Sharkey T; Kaldor J; Cooper DA; National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research,; University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Australia.
We sought to evaluate the potential impact of a proposed revision in the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (from a clinical case definition to one also including subjects with HIV infection who have an absolute number of peripheral CD4+ cells of less than 200 x 10(6)/L) among 512 HIV-seropos
Choppin J; Guillet JG; Levy JP; Institut Cochin de Genetique Moleculaire (ICGM), INSERM U152,; Paris, France.
To identify HIV peptides containing HLA class I binding regions, different studies have been performed. These include the detection of interactions between HIV peptides and purified HLA molecules in solid-phase assays, the measurement of HLA molecule assembly in the presence of peptide added to cell lysates, and the d
Pozniak AL; MacLeod GA; Mahari M; Legg W; Weinberg J; Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare.
OBJECTIVE: To document the influence of HIV status on drug reactions occurring in patients on antituberculous therapy in Harare, Zimbabwe . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: City of Harare Tuberculosis Unit. PATIENTS: Records of 906 patients with tuberculosis, of whom 1
Biochemistry. 1992 Oct 27;31(42):10281-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93041713
Weeks KM; Crothers DM; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; 06511.
RNA recognition by the HIV Tat protein is mediated in part by an arginine- and lysine-rich basic subdomain implicated as a signature element in proteins that bind RNA. Relative RNA binding affinities for a 14-residue peptide derived from Tat that spans the basic region are determined using a competition protocol. Bind
Biochemistry. 1992 Oct 27;31(42):10288-94. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93041714
Tan R; Frankel AD; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge; Center, Massachusetts 02142.
Short basic peptides from the HIV Tat protein bind specifically to a bulge region in TAR RNA, with a single arginine residue providing the only sequence-specific contact. The free amino acid arginine also binds specifically to TAR. Previous circular dichroism (CD) experiments suggested that peptide binding induces a c
Milhaud PG; Compagnon B; Bienvenue A; Philippot JR; Universite Montpellier II, Departement Biologie Sante,; URA-CNRS 1191 Genetique Moleculaire, France.
The double-stranded RNA polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid (PolyIC) is an inducer of interferons alpha and beta (IFN) genes. With L929 and HeLa cells IFN pretreatment (priming) improves the IFN induction by PolyIC by several orders of magnitude. In the absence of the priming we demonstrate that PolyIC encapsulated i
Zapp ML; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts,; Worcester 01605.
The transport of RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is an obligatory step in gene expression and may also be a target for regulation. The cellular machinery has the capacity to export a myriad of RNA transcripts, which differ significantly in sequence and structure. Recent work is providing the first glimpses into
Protein Expr Purif. 1992 Feb;3(1):18-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93044525
Vosters AF; Evans DB; Tarpley WG; Sharma SK; Biochemistry and Cancer and Infectious Diseases Research, Upjohn; Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001.
Recently we reported (D. B. Evans, W. G. Tarpley, and S. K. Sharma, 1991, Protein Expression Purif. 2, 205-213) the cloning, expression, and characterization of recombinant chimeric proteins with an N-terminal metal-binding peptide (mbp), His-Asp-His-Asp-His, and a renin cleavage site. Using these chimerics as example
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has been successfully expressed as a biologically active recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. After partial purification, RT was obtained primarily in a heterodimeric form represented by two subunits of 66 and 51 kDa, but the preparation also included se
Protein Expr Purif. 1992 Aug;3(4):301-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93044552
Fischer M; Lifshitz R; Katz T; Liefer I; Ben-Artzi H; Gorecki M; Panet A; Zeelon E; Biotechnology General, Israel Ltd, Kiryat Weizmann, Rehovot.
To study the subunit structure and the active site of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (RT), the enzyme was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity in large quantities. The recombinant enzyme consists of two major polypeptides of 66,000 and 53,000 Da in equimolar amounts and a minor species
Roy S; Geoffroy G; Lapointe N; Michaud J; Division of Neurology and Immunology, Sainte-Justine Hospital,; Montreal.
Many HIV-infected children have neurological involvement. We present our observations in 49 cases, 58% of which had some form of clinical neurological impairment. Most of the patients affected (71%) presented with progressive encephalopathy, characterized by developmental delay with loss of acquisitions and cognitive
Watt NJ; MacIntyre N; Collie D; Sargan D; McConnell I; Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Edinburgh,; Midlothian, UK.
We have analysed the phenotype of lymphocytes in lung and regional lymph node of symptomatic and asymptomatic sheep infected with the ovine lentivirus, maedi visna virus (MVV). Compared to equivalent tissues from age-matched, non-infected controls, MVV-infected sheep show increased numbers of lymphocytes in the lung,
Melino C; Venza F; Istituto di Igiene G. Sanarelli, Universita degli Studi di Roma; La Sapienza.
The present third note describes diagnostic procedures, prognosis, prophylaxis, therapy, and forensic medical problems connected with HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All these are topics of the utmost public health importance which have elicited much interest both among scientists and the
FEBS Lett. 1992 Nov 9;312(2-3):249-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93050204
Mitina RL; Doronin SV; Dobrikov MI; Tabatadze DR; Levina AS; Lavrik OI; Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Siberian Division; of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Affinity modification of the primer site of HIV1-RT was performed with an oligonucleotide derivative containing a photoreactive azido group at the 5 end of d(pT)10. The affinity of HIV1-RT for d(pT)10 and for its derivative was first estimated by measuring the Michaelis constants of these two oligonucleotides acting
FASEB J. 1992 Nov;6(14):3265-74. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93050935
Arnon R; Van Regenmortel MH; Department of Chemical Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science,; Rehovot, Israel.
This manuscript describes the design of new vaccines based on synthetic peptides. To this end, we first analyze the structural basis of antigenic reactivity and specificity and the various types of epitopes that form the mosaics of macromolecular antigens, as well as the regulatory mechanisms involved in immune recogn
Onji M; Kikuchi T; Kumon I; Masumoto T; Nadano S; Kajino K; Horiike N; Ohta Y; Third Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of; Medicine, Japan.
The lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood and liver were studied in 17 patients with chronic active hepatitis type C (CAH C) by immunoenzymatic and immunofluorescence techniques, using mono-specific T cell antibodies and other reagents. The peripheral blood subsets showed no significant differences between
Immunol Lett. 1992 Aug;33(3):307-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93052558
Luzzati AL; Giacomini E; Giordani L; Pugliese O; Viora M; Chersi A; Department of Immunology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome,; Italy.
Synthetic peptides containing amino acid sequence 218-238 of the core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and progressively shorter sequences at its C-terminus, were tested for their effect on antigen dependent in vitro responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal human donors. A
Beside the risk of infection via HIV-1-contaminated blood, ophthalmologists are especially interested in the possibility of HIV-1 infection via tears. Therefore we tried to isolate HIV-1 from tears of 50 HIV-1-infected persons in different stages of disease by reverse transcriptase (RT) and by p24-antigen (p24-AG) in
Streckert HJ; Werchau H; Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Ruhr University,; Bochum, FRG.
The proteolytic cleavage sites of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 and the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) show a sequence homology. To study this homology two synthetic peptides corresponding to HIV-1-env-gp160-aa 507-518 (KAKRRVVQREKR) and RSV-
Izuta S; Shimada N; Kitagawa M; Suzuki M; Kojima K; Yoshida S; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Nagoya University School of; Medicine, Aichi.
In order to clarify the biological activities of (-)-oxetanocin G, and (-)-oxetanocin A and its carbocyclic analogue, (-)-carboxetanocin G, the inhibitory effects of triphosphate derivatives of these compounds (OXT-GTP, OXT-ATP, and C-OXT-GTP) on eukaryotic and viral DNA polymerases were examined. DNA polymerase alpha
Baskerville A; Cook RW; Dennis MJ; Cranage MP; Greenaway PJ; Public Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Applied Microbiology; and Research, Salisbury, Wiltshire, U.K.
The pathological changes associated with ageing and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in groups of immature, adult and ageing Rhesus monkeys were studied. Eighty three per cent (5 of 6) of uninfected ageing animals had hyperplasia of the prostate, 33 per cent (2 of 6) had mild prostatitis and in 66 per cen
J Immunol. 1992 Nov 15;149(10):3247-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056486
Lohman KL; Attanasio R; Buck D; Carrillo MA; Allan JS; Kennedy RC; Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for; Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78228-0147.
We have characterized a series of mouse monoclonal anti-CD4 and describe both their CD4 epitope recognition and Id expression. We also determined the V region gene sequences of these antibodies in an attempt to correlate epitope recognition and Id expression with V region sequence. All of these preparations recognize
J Immunol. 1992 Nov 15;149(10):3416-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93056509
Martinon F; Gras-Masse H; Boutillon C; Chirat F; Deprez B; Guillet JG; Gomard E; Tartar A; Levy JP; Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Oncologie des Maladies; Retrovirales, INSERM U152, Institut Cochin de Genetique; Moleculaire, Paris, France.
In vivo priming of CTL requires the association with MHC class I molecules of peptides derived from the processing of endogenously produced proteins. Immunization with exogenous proteins or peptides rarely induces MHC class I-restricted CTL unless they are associated with lipidic compounds. The capacity to induce CTL
Spertini O; Schleiffenbaum B; White-Owen C; Ruiz P Jr; Tedder TF; Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, MA 02115-6084.
L-selectin is a cell surface receptor on granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes that is responsible for the initial attachment of leukocytes to endothelium. The extracellular domain of L-selectin is proteolytically shed from leukocytes following cellular activation in vitro. The shed form of L-selectin (SL-selectin)
Sato A; Isaka Y; Morita F; Ishii A; Goto Y; Imai J; Igarashi H; Yoshie O; Hinuma Y; Shionogi Institute for Medical Science, Osaka, Japan.
Twenty-nine of 100 sera from patients recently infected with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) were found to cross-react with human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antigen in the particle agglutination (PA) assay using HTLV-1 antigen-coated gelatin particles. Anti-VZV IgM antibodies were shown to be responsible for
Sakuragi S; Shibata R; Mukai R; Komatsu T; Fukasawa M; Sakai H; Sakuragi J; Kawamura M; Ibuki K; Hayami M; et al; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
Two macaque monkeys were inoculated with a chimeric human and simian immunodeficiency virus carrying the tat, rev, vpu and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Infectious virus was recovered from one of the monkeys at 2 and 6 weeks post-infection. The hybrid nature of the isolated viruses was verified by
J Med Virol. 1992 Jul;37(3):161-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93057386
Tswana SA; Moyo SR; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe,; School of Medicine, Avondale, Harare.
To determine the interrelationship between hepatitis B viral markers (HBV), the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HCC patients, a total of 282 subjects were included in the study. Out of 282 subjects, 182 were HCC patients as determined by raised alpha-feto-protein (AFP) of grea
De Tommasi N; De Simone F; Pizza C; Mahmood N; Moore PS; Conti C; Orsi N; Stein ML; Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Universita; degli Studi di Napoli, Italy.
The CHCl3 extract of Eriobotrya japonica from an Italian source was shown to contain four new triterpene esters, namely, 23-trans-p-coumaroyltormentic acid [1], 23-cis-p-coumaroyltormentic acid [2], 3-O-trans-caffeoyltormentic acid [3], and 3-O-trans-p-coumaroylrotundic acid [4], in addition to three common ursolic ac
Abdel-Dayem HM; Sanchez J; al-Mohannadi S; Kempf J; Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital & Medical Center; of NY, NY 10011.
Diffuse abnormal uptake of 201Tl-chloride in the bone marrow is described in an AIDS patient with Kaposi s sarcoma who received chemotherapy. The patient developed severe leukopenia that was treated by granulocyte stimulating factor (GCSF). The white blood cells increased from 1500 to 6200 over a period of 4 days. Aft
Mueller BU; Jacobsen F; Butler KM; Husson RN; Lewis LL; Pizzo PA; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 20892.
Bone marrow suppression is the major dose-limiting toxic effect of zidovudine (azidothymidine; AZT ) in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. We evaluated the effect of subcutaneously administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (
Kirkham BW; Thien F; Pelton BK; Pitzalis C; Amlot P; Denman AM; Panayi GS; Rheumatology Unit, United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London,; UK.
Murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) produces an antimouse immunoglobulin response by the recipient. We studied a chimeric (human/mouse) CD7 Mab, in a dose ranging tolerability study in 10 patients with RA. Modest improvements in disease activity occurred with frequent ac
J Med Chem. 1992 Oct 16;35(21):3784-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059211
Hoffman JM; Wai JS; Thomas CM; Levin RB; O'Brien JA; Goldman ME; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories,; West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004.
A potent (IC50 = 30 nM), specific nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor 3-[N-(phthalimidomethyl)amino]-5-ethyl-6-methylpyridin-2(1H) -one (1), was discovered through an in vitro screening program. This compound did not inhibit (IC50 > 300 microns) other DNA and RNA polymerases, including HIV-2 RT an
J Med Chem. 1992 Oct 16;35(21):3792-802. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93059212
Saari WS; Wai JS; Fisher TE; Thomas CM; Hoffman JM; Rooney CS; Smith AM; Jones JH; Bamberger DL; Goldman ME; et al; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories,; West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004.
A series of nonnucleoside 3-aminopyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for HIV-1 RT inhibitory properties. Several analogs proved to be potent and highly selective antagonists with in vitro IC50 values as low as 19 nM in the enzyme assay using rC.dG as template-primer. Two compounds from this ser
Wyatt R; Thali M; Tilley S; Pinter A; Posner M; Ho D; Robinson J; Sodroski J; Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, Massachusetts.
Neutralizing antibodies that recognize the human immunodeficiency virus gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein and are directed against either the third variable (V3) loop or conserved, discontinuous epitopes overlapping the CD4 binding region have been described. Here we report several observations that suggest a struc
Strambio-de-Castillia C; Hunter E; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
The major capsid (CA) protein of retroviruses possesses a stretch of 20 amino acids, called the major homology region (MHR), which is evolutionarily conserved and invariant in location within the primary sequence of the protein. The function of this region was investigated by examining the effect of random single-amin
Gu Z; Gao Q; Li X; Parniak MA; Wainberg MA; Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec,; Canada.
We have used the technique of in vitro selection to generate variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that are resistant to 2 ,3 -dideoxyinosine (ddI) and cross-resistant to 2 ,3 -dideoxycytidine ( ddC ). The complete reverse transcriptas
Buonaguro L; Barillari G; Chang HK; Bohan CA; Kao V; Morgan R; Gallo RC; Ensoli B; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6, have been detected in specimens from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1 activates the expression of TNF but not of IL-1 and IL-6 in acutely an
Boyer PL; Ferris AL; Hughes SH; ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and; Development Center, Maryland 21702-1201.
Using BspMI cassette vectors, we have constructed a series of mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) that cause specific amino acid substitutions within the polymerase domain. The RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, and RNase H activities of the muta
Hansen BD; Nara PL; Maheshwari RK; Sidhu GS; Bernbaum JG; Hoekzema D; Meltzer MS; Gendelman HE; Department of Cellular Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, D.C. 20307-5100.
Levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA, RNA, or p24 antigen and reverse transcriptase activity in T-cell cultures treated with 500 IU of recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN alpha) per ml were comparable to those in control cultures. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis of proteins in lysates of IFN-treated T cel
Song Q; Yang G; Goff SP; Prasad VR; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein; College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461-1602.
A Glu-89-->Gly alteration in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) was previously shown to result in resistance to several dideoxynucleoside analogs and to phosphonoformic acid (PFA; foscarnet). This residue was altered to Ala, Val, Ser, Thr, Gln, Asp, Asn, or Lys, and the ddGTP and PFA se
Yata J; Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
The cellular immunodeficiency diseases especially those with impaired IL-2 production are successfully treated by every day injection of rhIL-2. IL-2 is also effective on some patients with antibody deficiency probably caused by the lack of T cell help for B cells. Pro
N Z Med J. 1992 Nov 25;105(946):475-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93064379
Gane EJ; Thomas MG; Nicholson GI; Lane MR; Gastroenterology Department, Auckland Hospital.
AIM: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a selected group of patients with HIV infection, who had severe symptoms unresponsive to empirical treatment. METHOD: We reviewed all patients with HIV infection, who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Auckland Hospital. Sp
Gori S; Paladini A; Paoletti P; Del Bono L; Scasso A; Laboratorio di malattie infettive dell'Ospedale Cisanello di; Pisa.
Authors review several methods for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii on BAL fluid in AIDS patients aiming to identify ideal routine technic. Giemsa, Gomori and Toluidine Blue staining. Direct and Indirect Immunofluorescence. Immunocytochemical methods were tested and advantages/disadvantages compared on BAL fluid from
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10164-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/L02269
Barbas CF 3d; Crowe JE Jr; Cababa D; Jones TM; Zebedee SL; Murphy BR; Chanock RM; Burton DR; Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,; CA 92037.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause, throughout the world, of severe viral lower respiratory tract illness in young children. Antibodies are known to mediate resistance to RSV infection and illness. We have isolated a number of human monoclonal Fab fragments to RSV F glycoprotein from a combi
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10663-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066304
Seshamma T; Bagasra O; Trono D; Baltimore D; Pomerantz RJ; Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Department of Medicine,; Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University,; Philadelphia, PA 19107.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections of humans have a natural history characterized by a variable but usually slow progression to an immunodeficient state. We have described a molecular model of HIV-1 proviral latency in certain cell lines, characterized by extremely low or undetectable levels of uns
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10763-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93066323
Gopalakrishnan V; Peliska JA; Benkovic SJ; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University,; University Park 16802.
The spatial and temporal relationship between the polymerase and RNase H activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase has been examined by using a 40-mer RNA template and a series of DNA primers of lengths ranging from 15 to 40 nucleotides, hybridized to the RNA, as substrates. The experimen
Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1112-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93068305
Peliska JA; Benkovic SJ; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University,; University Park 16802.
Two DNA strand transfer reactions occur during retroviral reverse transcription. The mechanism of the first, minus strand strong-stop DNA, transfer has been studied in vitro with human immunodeficiency virus 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) and a model template-primer system derived from the HIV-1 genome. The result
The replication cycle of any virus involves a number of steps, beginning with specific attachment to a cell surface receptor leading eventually to production of progeny viruses by infected cells. In the case of the immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the first step involves a specific interaction between the gp120
Uherova P; Mayer V; Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava,; Czechoslovakia.
Promonocytic cells U937 with previously established HIV-1 persistent infection, were treated with increasing doses of the recombinant INF-alpha 2. This resulted in a significant decrease of virion-associated reverse transcriptase levels in medium of the cultures studied, most pronounced by the highest interferon doses
Am J Pathol. 1992 Nov;141(5):1021-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072235
Sasseville VG; Newman WA; Lackner AA; Smith MO; Lausen NC; Beall D; Ringler DJ; Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research; Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772-9102.
AIDS encephalitis is a common sequela to HIV-1 infection in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) infection in macaques. Although lentiviral-infected macrophages comprise parenchymal inflammatory infiltrates in affected brain tissue, the mechanisms responsible for leukocyte trafficking to the central nervo
Am J Pathol. 1992 Nov;141(5):1209-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072253
Parmentier HK; van Wichen DF; Meyling FH; Goudsmit J; Schuurman HJ; Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The; Netherlands.
The expression of regulatory proteins tat, rev, and nef of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and tat of HIV-2 was studied in frozen sections of lymph nodes from HIV-1-infected individuals, and various tissues from uninfected persons. In HIV-1-positive lymph nodes, monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1-tat stained s
Anal Biochem. 1992 Nov 1;206(2):231-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/93072902
Kinoshita T; Imamura J; Nagai H; Shimotohno K; Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute,; Tokyo, Japan.
We investigated the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the relative quantification of gene expression using a simultaneously amplified sequence of beta-actin mRNA as an internal control for the target sequence of tax/rex mRNA of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. The PCR product of the inter
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