[Rockville, Md.] : U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Health Resources and Services Administration, [1990] 68 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9114739
New York : Haworth Press, c1991 172 p (Journal of chemical dependency treatment, ISSN 0885-4734 ; v. 4, no. 2) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9114481
Lymphoid Malignancy: Immunocytology and Cytogenetics. Hanaoka M et al, eds. New York, Field and Wood, 282 p., 1990.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/92678008
Anonymous; No affiliation given
After a decade in which lymphoma studies and diagnosis experienced dynamic development using immunocytologic and molecular genetic techniques, especially in situ, a colloquium was held in 1987 in Kyoto, Japan , on lymphoid malignancies from histologic and molecular aspects. This book
Envelope glycoproteins play a central role in several stages of the retroviral life cycle. They bear the domains responsible for binding cell surface receptors, and they initiate the fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane. Retroviral envelope glycoproteins also induce cell fusion, and they may th
Most viruses express proteins that ensure efficient expression of viral genes. The E1a protein of adenovirus is essential for the efficient transcription of early adenoviral genes. Three regions of E1a are conserved among different adenovirus E1a proteins. Region 3 alone is sufficient to induce transcription of early
Since the discovery of the anti-HIV activity of dideoxynucleosides, much attention has focused on the synthesis of more potent and selective analogs. New congeners of 2 ,3 -dideoxyadenosine, with greater hydrolytic and enzymatic stability, would be of interest in helping to define structure-activity relationships in t
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer, particularly in immunosuppressed women. The present study tests a hypothesis that coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV increases risk for squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix, particu
Marasco CJ; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
The goal of this research was to develop more potent alkyl lipid inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), and thus, to potentially augment the antineoplastic and anti-HIV-1 effect of these derivatives. Although several analogs were shown to be more potent or at least equipotent inhibitors of PKC (5B, 19F and 25) than the
Gilligan KJ; Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
It has been proposed that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene products expressed in infected cells interact either alone or in conjunction with cellular genes involved with the normal processes of cell maintenance and allow for the changes necessary for uncontrolled cellular proliferation and neoplasia. The goal of this
Chapter 1 provides knowledge concerning adenovirus and human T-cell leukemia viruses. Part 1 concerns isolation of adenovirus from different sources and describes recovery of virus in lymphoid cells. Part 2 describes functions of adenovirus E1a and E3 proteins and was written in order to relate known activities of E1a
This study examined cognitive-developmental differences in children s understanding and acceptance of medically ill peers. Participants were 100 kindergarten and fifth grade students, who were interviewed regarding their understanding of cancer and AIDS and their willingness to interact with same-age, same-sex youngst
Third International Congress on the Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy. February 6-9, 1991, Paris, France, p. 40, 1991.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/92677639
Lucht F; Fresard A; Service des maladies Infectieuses, Chu St Etienne, France
Since the early 1980s, the needs of patients (pts) in long-term care increased substantially. These needs appear to be attributable predominantly to pts recently hospitalized for acute conditions rather than pts with chronic debilitating conditions. We have an experience in the treatment of chronic infected pts. We ha
HTLV-I infected CD4+ T cell lines (MT-2 and HUT-102) constitutively express high levels of LT mRNA and protein. The nonproductively transformed C81-66-45 cell line, which expresses the HTLV-I transactivator tax-I, also constitutively produces LT. To understand regulation of LT transcription by HTLV-I, a series of dele
Friend spleen focus-forming virus (F-SFFV) of the Friend erythroleukemia virus complex induces a rapid erythroleukemia in susceptible strains of mice. The env gene of F-SFFV encodes the oncoprotein gp52 that is responsible for inducing the erythroid precursor cells to proliferate. Susceptibility of mice to F-SFFV is c
National Conference on New Oncologic Agents. February 6-8, 1991, Dallas, TX, p. 12, 1991.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/92678023
Itri LM; R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Res. Inst., Raritan, NJ 08869-0602
Since their description in 1957, interferons have been the subject of extensive research. Three major classes have been identified and undergone clinical evaluation of varying degree: alpha, beta and gamma. The unique properties of antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activity led to interest in the evalu
The authors studied the findings from the clinical examination of the oral cavity of one hundred drug addicts that were prisoners at Korydalos prison, in order to evaluate the incidence and the possible correlation of these findings to the drug abuse. This study revealed that drug addicts present lesions of the oral m
Pissiotis A; Panagiotoyni E; Kapari D; Kaloyiannides A
In achieving infection control in the dental office and the dental laboratory it has been suggested that impressions made in the dental office should be disinfected before they are send to the dental laboratory. In this study we examined the solubility and the linear changes of some elastomer impression materials afte
Sola M; Gardella A; Llauger MA; Munoz J; Birules M; Foz G; Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de; Asistencia Primaria Perecamps, Barcelona.
We report the features of 72 patients with tuberculosis of a low socioeconomical level, seen at the primary care center of Perecamps (Barcelona). We identify the factors associated with giving up therapy. We found a predominance of males and of the 40-59 years age group. In 1988 we found an increased rate of young pat
Brini AT; Harel-Bellan A; Farrar WL; Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer; Institute, Frederick, MD 21701-1013.
We have examined the effect and potential mechanism of Cyclosporin A (CsA) on the Interleukin-2-receptor alpha chain (IL-2R alpha) expression in human T-lymphocytes. CsA pretreatment of PHA-activated T-cells led to 30-50% decrease in Tac antigen surface expression and a concomitant decrease in the steady state IL-2R a
Sarin SK; Nayyar AK; Malhotra P; Sharma BK; Kumar R; Broor SL; Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi,; India.
The aetiopathogenesis of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), a common cause of portal hypertension in India , is not known. To study the immune status of NCPF patients and to see whether immunological mechanisms have a role to play, humoral and cell-mediated immunological studies w
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has the same epidemiology and way of transmission as the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). The HIV is destroyed by physical or chemical means easier than HBV and the HIV concentration in the blood is less than that of HBV. This fact leads us to the conclusion that there is the risk of tra
J Ir Dent Assoc. 1990;36(1):22-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013381
Russell JG; Quinn G; Fennell C; Dept. of Dental Surgery, University College, Cork, Republic of; Ireland.
The epidemiology of Hepatitis B infection is used to show that dental health care workers are at greater risk of acquiring serious infective diseases than is the population at large. The significance of this greater risk is that dental employers must take the proper steps to protect their employees health. A five fol
In the biotechnology development, the biohazard become an important field of environmental medicine. After evaluation of biological agents, the laboratory organization in different security steps in achieved. One chapter Health and Security must be included in every scientific or industrial scheme of procedures. One e
Sasiain MC; de la Barrera S; Ruibal Ares B; Picchio G; Muchinik G; Perez Bianco R; de Tezanos Pinto M; de Bracco MM; Instituto de Investigaciones Hematologicas, Academia Nacional de; Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Concanavalin A (Con-A)-induced suppression of T cell proliferation was studied in 48 patients with severe hemophilia. Two groups of patients were defined according to the proliferative response when increasing numbers of Con A-induced cells were added to a constant number of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated autolog
Suarez M; Bezrodnik L; Di Lonardo AM; Rivas ME; Hernandez L; Zelazko M; Servicio de Inmunologia, Hospital General de Agudos Carlos; Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The following immunological studies were performed in circulating mononuclear cells of 17 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA): a) lymphocytic phenotypes; b) proliferative response to PHA; c) determination of interleukin 2 (IL2) production and d) expression of Tac CD25. Fifteen of the seventeen patients showed a
Barbiano di Belgiojoso G; Genderini A; Vago L; Parravicini C; Bertoli S; Landriani N; Renal Unit, Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy.
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIV-N) is considered a distinctive disease, the pathogenesis of which is still undefined. Direct virus-induced renal cell damage has been postulated. The numerous cytolytic ultrastructural changes and a few studies by immunoperoxidase support this hypothesis, but there has been no demonstra
Boisnic S; Szpirglas H; Frances C; Raphael M; Le Charpentier Y; Groupe hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris.
The association of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (N.H.L.) and AIDS is currently well recognized. Currently 113 cases have been identified by the French group studying AIDS-related Tumour Pathology. We report 4 cases of palatal involvement, including one associated with a contralateral Kap
Dickmeiss E; Department of Clinical Immunology, State University Hospital,; (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.
From the beginning of the AIDS epidemic it was realized, that the immune system is the major target of the disease. After isolation of the ethiological agent -named the human immunodeficiency virus became clear that there is a dual relationship between the immune system and HIV, i.e. HIV attaques the immune system and
Chiche L; Bismuth H; Matthieu D; Bouree P; Bricout F; Dubouch P; Groupe de recherche de Chirurgie hepatique, Hopital; Paul-Brousse, UER Kremlin-Bicetre.
This work assesses the anatomical and infectious problems of heteroplastic transplantation from a baboon to a man. The study was carried out with 30 baboons of the primatology laboratory of the CNRS. The aspects studied included the anatomic structure and the biology of the liver, the microbial and parasitic populatio
Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1990 Nov;19(6):781-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027425
Law NM; Fan RF; Monterio EH; Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
Since April 1988, four cases of AIDS- CMV retinitis were diagnosed in Singapore . Two patients were given intravenous ganciclovir. Clinical response was good but recurrent episodes of breakthrough infection occurred in one p
Cruse JM; Brackin MN; Lewis RE; Meeks W; Nolan R; Brackin B; University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.
In a previous investigation, we demonstrated an increased progression of overt AIDS in the African American population compared to the Caucasian population as reflected by the significantly lower absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes detected in the African American population in an earlier study. The present study eluc
Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:159-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92000500
Moore MA; James Ewing Laboratory of Developmental Hematopoiesis, Memorial; Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Colony stimulating factors and interleukins regulate proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hematopoietic cells of multiple lineages. These hematopoietic growth factors are proving effective in vivo in stimulation of granulopoiesis in clinical situations associated with myelosuppression. G-CSF an
Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:399-429. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92000510
McCune J; Kaneshima H; Krowka J; Namikawa R; Outzen H; Peault B; Rabin L; Shih CC; Yee E; Lieberman M; et al; SyStemix, Inc., Palo Alto, California 94303.
The SCID-hu mouse is a heterochimeric small animal model designed to support hematopoietic differentiation and function in vivo. Multiple organs of the human hematolymphoid system have been successfully engrafted into the immunodeficient C.B-17 scid scid mouse, including fetal liver, thymus, lymph node, and skin. Co-i
Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:649-78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92000518
Capon DJ; Ward RH; Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080.
Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to progressive destruction of the CD4+ subset of T lymphocytes, resulting in immunodeficiency and AIDS. The selectivity of CD4+ cell destruction is due to the specific binding of gp120, the external envelope glycoprotein of HIV, to CD4, initiating viral entry.
Stevens CK; Mentis SW; Downs JB; Department of Anesthesiology, University of South Florida College; of Medicine, Tampa.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare actual infectious disease precautions with current recommendations and to determine the influence of age, clinical experience, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge, previous personal HIV exposure, and education on practices. DESIGN: Direct clinical observations of infectious precaut
Moseley JM; Danks JA; Grill V; Lister TA; Horton MA; St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria,; Australia.
The infiltrated tissues from seven West Indian patients with HTLV-1 positive adult T cell lymphoma/leukaemia (ATLL) have been analysed by immunocytochemical techniques for the presence of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a hormonal mediator of humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Six of the
Int Immunol. 1991 Aug;3(8):761-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92001744
Kannagi M; Harada S; Maruyama I; Inoko H; Igarashi H; Kuwashima G; Sato S; Morita M; Kidokoro M; Sugimoto M; et al; Department of Biodefence and Medical Virology, Kumamoto; University Medical School, Japan.
We established long-term cell lines of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of a patient with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), an HTLV-I-carrier with Sjogren syndrome, and an asymptomatic HTLV-
A 53-year-old woman had difficulty in walking, raised titres to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and yellowish white retinal lesions and vasculitis in the right eye. Her 20-year-old son also had difficulty in walking, raised titres to HTLV-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid,
Anthuber M; Kemkes BM; Heiss MM; Schuetz A; Kugler C; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Munich,; Federal Republic of Germany.
A 38-year-old man received a heart transplant because of dilated cardiomyopathy in 1984, at a time when no HIV screening test was available. Two and a half years after heart transplantation he was found to be HIV seropositive, but as of March 1990 he was still without symptoms of clinical AIDS. Neither the patient nor
Murakami T; Hattori T; Takatsuki K; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University; Medical School, Japan.
A principal neutralizing domain (PND) of the major envelope glycoprotein (gp120) of the HTLV-III BH10 strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has significant amino acid similarities to a reactive site of Kunitz-type basic proteinase inhibitors. We therefore thought that the PND may interact with cellular
Houweling H; Coutinho RA; National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection; (RIVM), Department of Epidemiology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
In order to study the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and related risk factors, Dutch expatriates returning from sub-Saharan Africa were asked to complete a questionnaire on sexual, occupational and other risk factors, and to donate a sample of blood to test for antibodies against HIV. The
Lacey HB; Roberts R; St Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester, UK.
Epidemiological data in 13 cases of sexual assault on men who attended a sexual assault referral centre are presented. All the assailants were male. The sexual orientation of the victims was predominantly heterosexual (7 of 13), 3 considered themselves to be homosexual and 3 were confused about their sexual orientatio
Palmer HM; Gilroy CB; Claydon EJ; Taylor-Robinson D; Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Clinical Research; Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to demonstrate the presence or absence of Mycoplasma genitalium in the lower genital tract of 57 women who attended a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. The mycoplasma was detected in the cervix of 10 (17.5%) women and also in the vagina of 4 (16%) and the urethra of 6 (24
James NJ; Gillies PA; Bignell CJ; Department of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, University; of Nottingham Medical School, UK.
Perception of risk has been suggested as an important element of sexual behaviour change among people who engage in behaviours which place them at risk of HIV infection. A study of the relationship between perception of risk of HIV infection and risk-related sexual behaviours was conducted in a genitourinary medicine
Terry PM; Holland S; Olden D; O'Connell S; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal South Hants Hospital,; Southampton, UK.
The value of microscopy of a Gram-stained urethral smear in the diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis and chlamydial urethral infection was assessed in 153 men attending a department of genitourinary medicine. A mean of more than 4 polymorphs in 5 fields (x1000) was considered to be abnormal. In the diagnosis of uret
Engelkens HJ; ten Kate FJ; Vuzevski VD; van der Sluis JJ; Stolz E; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Erasmus University; Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
We present a study of biopsies taken from skin lesions of 44 patients presenting with primary or secondary syphilis. In most primary lesions erosion or, more often, ulceration was present, with a dense inflammatory infiltrate. In secondary syphilis a wide variety of histological changes was present. Blood vessels were
Thin RN; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital,; London, UK.
A restrospective survey of the notes of 146 patients with culture-positive first episode genital herpes simplex infection produced 37 men and 37 women in whom the incubation period could be established from their own and their partners notes. In 9 patients the period was 1-12 d
Ann Hematol. 1991 Aug;63(2):77-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92002438
Salama A; Lohmeyer J; Seeger W; Mueller-Eckhardt C; Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University; Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Leukocytopenia and bacterial infections are common and serious complications in patients with AIDS. We report here on three patients in whom the administration of high IgG doses led to gradual (two patients) or prompt (one patient) increases in circulating leukocyte counts (from 200-600 to 2500-5900/microliters), indu
Aust J Public Health. 1991 Jun;15(2):107-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92002460
Bray F; Chapman S; Department of Community Medicine, University of Sydney.
A randomized telephone survey of Sydney residents aged 16-50 was conducted in 1988 (n = 651) and repeated in 1989 (n = 701) to assess changes in AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes and opinions about AIDS policies. The mean number of correct answers to 21 questions about AIDS was 18.6 (1988) and 18.1 (1989). Almost a
An Med Interna. 1991 May;8(5):235-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92002725
Carcaba V; Rodriguez Junquera M; Garcia Amorin Z; Ablanedo P; Martinez C; Carton JA; Arribas JM; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Covadonga, Facultad de; Medicina, Oviedo.
A case of a female infected by HIV whose first manifestation was a focal defect of the motor function caused by a brain lesion shown in the CT scan and NMR as a hemispheric mass with discreet expansive effect and central necrosis. The histologic study showed a necrotic leukoencephalitis related to HIV as etiologic age
Mathe G; Institut du Cancer et d'Immunogenetique, Villejuif, France.
Bestatin, the dipeptide N-((2S, 3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl butanyl) L-leucine is a leucine aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase-B inhibitor. It exerts a direct stimulating effect on lymphocytes (and monocytes) via its fixation on cell surface leucine-aminopeptidase, and an indirect effect on monocytes (and lymphocyte
Berns JS; Cohen RM; Stumacher RJ; Rudnick MR; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Graduate Hospital,; Philadelphia, PA 19146.
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are often treated with a variety of potentially nephrotoxic drugs. This review summarizes the renal, fluid, and electrolyte complications of drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and associated opportunistic infe
It is important for healthcare professionals caring for HIV-infected individuals to understand the relationship among nutrition, HIV infection, and the immune system. Progressive weight loss is a major component of the clinical syndrome in persons with HIV infection and AIDS. Weight loss occurs for a variety of reason
The authors assessed patients satisfaction with their nursing care in seven hospitals. Five of the hospitals utilized the special care unit (SCU) method of delivering care to AIDS or oncology patients; three had SCUs for AIDS patients. All seven of the hospitals had integrated units (IUs) where general medical, oncol
The incidence of concomitant infections of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in the same subject is on the increase, especially among inmates of jails and correctional institutions. The investigator examined the medical records of a sample of HIV-positive women prisoners for the presence of TB, and compared them to a sample o
In a prospective study 21 patients suffering from HIV-1 infection underwent MR imaging. The following tumours were found: eight Kaposi s sarcomas, four lymphomas, two squamous-cell carcinomas, and three cases of lymphoid hyperplasia. Furthermore, three cases with lymphoepithelial cysts and one case of inflammatory cha
Blood. 1991 Oct 1;78(7):1672-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92003905
Makris M; Preston FE; Triger DR; Underwood JC; Westlake L; Adelman MI; Department of Hematology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield,; UK.
Chronic liver disease associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemophilia. We have used recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b) in a randomized controlled liver biopsy trial to treat hemophiliacs with chronic hepatitis. Eighteen patients entered the study, 16 o
Blood. 1991 Oct 1;78(7):1697-705. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92003909
Louache F; Bettaieb A; Henri A; Oksenhendler E; Farcet JP; Bierling P; Seligmann M; Vainchenker W; INSERM U. 91, CNRS UA 607, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil,; France.
Twenty-one human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, including 11 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), were studied to determine whether the megakaryocytic/platelet lineage was infected by HIV. Because purification of platelets did not reach a
Blood. 1991 Oct 1;78(7):1803-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92003922
Hanson CA; Bockenstedt PL; Schnitzer B; Fox DA; Kueck B; Braun DK; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School,; Ann Arbor.
S100-positive T lymphocytes account for less than 3% of peripheral blood T cells. Rare cases of S100-positive T-cell lymphoma have been previously described. We report four such cases of S100-positive T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease. In all cases, hepatosplenomegaly was observed, without prominent lymphaden
Caton JG; Quinones CR; Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, New York.
Periodontal diseases are a series of complex, distinct, pathologic entities caused by the interaction of bacterial plaque and the host. This interaction results in destruction of the supporting alveolar bone and connective tissue. Although bacterial plaque has been implicated as the primary etiologic agent in most for
I have reviewed areas of development in the use of blood and blood products, placing emphasis on the complications of transfusion, particularly transmission of infection. Alloimmunization in relation to transfusion of red cells and platelets has been covered and suggestions for reducing this problem assessed. The pote
BMJ. 1991 Aug 10;303(6798):336-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92004212
Jeannel D; Tuppin P; Brucker G; Danis M; Gentilini M; National Centre for Imported Diseases, Institute of Health and; Development, Paris.
OBJECTIVE--To study the epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of imported and autochthonous kala-azar in France . DESIGN--Prospective survey of all patients in France with kala-azar diagnosed over the two years 1986-7. Information was obtained from parasitology laborato
C R Acad Sci III. 1991;313(4):183-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92004878
Laussac JP; Cung MT; Erard M; Mazarguil H; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du C.N.R.S., Toulouse.
We report the synthesis in solid phase of an 18-amino acid peptide that contains the cysteine-rich region of the structural Gag protein of HIV-2. The characterization of this fragment and of its interaction with Zn2+ has been made by one- (1 D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques and by circular dichroism. Our res
Power C; Weinshenker BG; Dekaban GA; Kaufmann JC; Shandling M; Rice GP; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of; Western Ontario, London.
We report the pathological and molecular biological findings of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection of the spinal cord in a patient with a chronic progressive myelopathy. Light microscopy disclosed loss of myelin and axons, thickening of blood vessels and a lymphocytic cell infiltrate in the spin
Cancer Lett. 1991 Oct;60(1):75-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92005405
Chang KS; Liu WT; Josephs SF; Medical Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan,; Taiwan, Republic of China.
Trans-activating activities of certain cellular promoter/enhancer genes may reflect the underlying mechanism for cellular differentiation. We have used two promonocytic leukemia cell lines, U937 and HL-CZ, which differ in their differentiation antigen expression. While both cell lines express CD15 antigen, only the fo
Cancer Nurs. 1991 Aug;14(4):206-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92005413
Paice JA; Cohen FL; University of Illinois, Chicago.
More than 139,000 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control. Many of these individuals will develop malignancies, such as Kaposi s sarcoma and malignant lymphoma. Because of the neoplastic complications of AIDS and the terminal nature of this disease,
Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):169-78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92005688
Kjems J; Frankel AD; Sharp PA; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of; Technology, Cambridge 02139.
The Rev protein of HIV-1 regulates the synthesis of partially spliced forms of cytoplasmic viral mRNA by binding to a cis-acting RNA sequence, the Rev response element (RRE). We have investigated the regulation of splicing in vitro and have shown that Rev specifically inhibits splicing of pre-mRNAs containing an RRE b
Gmunder H; Droge W; Division of Immunochemistry, Institute of Immunology and; Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg.
Glutathione (GSH) is known to play an important role in various lymphocyte functions. We now report that different T cell subsets express different requirements for intracellular GSH. Depletion of intracellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, decreases the proportion of C
Toyokawa S; Takeda T; Kato Y; Wakabayashi K; Ogihara Y; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University,; Japan.
The complete amino acid sequence of a new abortifacient protein, karasurin, was determined. Karasurin, which was isolated from fresh root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz var, japonicum Kitamura (Cucurbitaceae), was a highly basic protein with pI 10.1 and molecular weight of 28,000. Intact karasurin was cl
Courtois X; Baccard-Longere M; Dibi K; Laboratoire de virologie, C.H.U. de Grenoble.
A HIV seroprevalence among 312 antenatal mothers at their first visit to the Idjwi isle s hospital, in Zaire , near Rwanda , and among 61 other patients, was made with the HIV1 Immunocomb of PBS Orgenics during one year: 1989. The seroprevalence
Lohoue Petmy J; Nomo Ongolo Atang S; Same Ekobo A; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Universitaire des; Sciences de la Sante (CUSS), Yaounde, Cameroun.
In this preliminary study, we discuss 9 cases of Candidosis diagnosed during a 6 month period in 32 AIDS patients hospitalized in three health Centers in Yaounde. Most of the patients presented with buccal candidosis and/or dysphagia. Of the 18 strains grown, 17 (94%) are Candida albicans.
Pollet DE; Saman EL; Peeters DC; Warmenbol HM; Heyndrickx LM; Wouters CJ; Beelaert G; van der Groen G; Van Heuverswyn H; Innogenetics NV, Industriepark Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.
We evaluated the use of the INNO-LIA HIV-1/HIV-2 Ab test (LIA HIV; Innogenetics) for the confirmation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). The test includes three recombinant HIV-1 proteins: p24 (gag), p17 (gag), and endonuclease (p31; pol), in combination with two synthetic
Furukawa S; Matsubara T; Tsuji K; Motohashi T; Okumura K; Yabuta K; Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine,; Tokyo, Japan.
The levels of soluble CD4 (sCD4) and sCD8 in serum correlate with the T cell subset activation and may be important in monitoring and characterizing disease processes during immunological diseases. We compared acute Kawasaki disease (KD) with anaphylactoid purpura (AP) and acute febrile viral infections, such as measl
Bermudez LE; Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, Pacific; Presbyterian Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115.
Organisms belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex are the most common bacteria isolated from patients with AIDS. In these patients, M. avium is associated with disseminated disease, and bacteria are found within macrophages in the liver and spleen. To examine the potential of M. avium infection of a nonprofession
Ward BJ; Johnson RT; Vaisberg A; Jauregui E; Griffin DE; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
In natural measles virus infection, evidence of intense immune system activation is present simultaneously with clinically relevant immune suppression. While evidence of activation is most prominent early in the disease, skin test responses and in vitro lymphoproliferation are depressed for weeks after the onset of th
Hartman NR; Yarchoan R; Pluda JM; Thomas RV; Wyvill KM; Flora KP; Broder S; Johns DG; Developmental Therapeutics and Clinical Oncology Programs,; National Cancer Institutes of Health, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
2 ,3 -Dideoxyinosine (ddI) has shown activity against human immunodeficiency virus in phase I clinical trials. The drug is rapidly degraded by acid, however, thus raising questions as to the efficiency and reproducibility of its absorption after oral administration. This investigation studies the bioavailability of se
Hastillo A; Willis HE; Hess ML; Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia; Commonwealth University, Richmond.
Over the last 10 years, our knowledge of immunologically mediated processes involving the myocardium appears to have made quantum leaps. New and important disease entities such as AIDS have appeared and the cardiologist now becomes an important member of the AIDS team. Our understanding of older diseases such as sarco
Sixty-seven patients with different stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (47 CDC group IV, 20 CDC groups II or III) were followed prospectively for a median of 18 months with neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computerized tomography (CT) to evaluate the incidence of the
Senju M; Wu KC; Mahida YR; Jewell DP; Gastroenterology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K.
By using two-color immunofluorescence with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE)-labelled monoclonal antibodies and multiparameter flow cytometry, we investigated lamina propria lymphocyte subsets of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn s disease (CD). Leu-3/Leu-2 (CD4/CD8) ratio of lamin
Health Psychol. 1991;10(4):229-35. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92007644
Kamen-Siegel L; Rodin J; Seligman ME; Dwyer J; University of Pennsylvania.
Correlated pessimistic explanatory style--the belief that negative events are caused by internal, stable, and global factors--with lowered immunocompetence in a sample of 26 older adults. Two measures of cell-mediated immunity--T-helper cell/T-suppressor cell ratio and T-lymphocyte response to mitogen challenge--were
Health Psychol. 1991;10(4):289-95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92007652
Bliwise NG; Grade M; Irish TM; Ficarrotto TJ; Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
Investigated attitudes toward AIDS patients among medical and nursing students. Two separate cohorts of students (total N = 550) were surveyed to examine and then validate with confirmatory factor analysis the latent factor structure of such attitudes. Results indicate that a three-factor structure representing fear o
Wildenauer DB; Korschenhausen D; Hoechtlen W; Ackenheil M; Kehl M; Lottspeich F; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Munich, Germany.
Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples--from 347 patients with various psychiatric and neurological disorders--and subsequent silver staining revealed two additional polypeptides (Mr 40,000) in 49% of 111 schizophrenics, 46% of 43 schizoaffective patients, 36% of 41 patients with a
Van de Keere F; Willard-Gallo KE; International Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology,; Brussels, Belgium.
We have previously described an in vitro model for studying human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) infection in CD4+ T cells [1]. This model employs the WE17/10 cell line, which loses expression of its T cell receptor/CD3 (TCR/CD3) after several months of productive infection. We have used this model to analyze
Kettman JR; Robinson RA; Kuhn L; Lefkovits I; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern; Medical Center, Dallas 75239-9048.
AIDS is a progressive disease associated with steady loss of helper T cells and several other functions. As the disease evolves, cytopathogenic human immunodeficiency (HIV) variants of increasing virulence can be isolated from the host. The HIV is an unusually variable genome by virtue of a low replication fidelity. I
EMBO J. 1991 Oct;10(10):2747-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92007717
Horth M; Lambrecht B; Khim MC; Bex F; Thiriart C; Ruysschaert JM; Burny A; Brasseur R; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Free University of Brussels,; Belgium.
The fusion domain of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope glycoproteins is a hydrophobic region located at the amino-terminal extremity of the transmembrane protein (gp32). Assuming an alpha helical structure for the SIV fusogenic domain of gp32 in a lipid environment, theoretical studies have predicted that t
Environ Mol Mutagen. 1991;18(3):168-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92007811
Phillips MD; Nascimbeni B; Tice RR; Shelby MD; Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Various nucleoside analogues are being used or are being considered for use as therapeutic drugs to inhibit replication of the HTLV-III/LAV virus in infected human cells. Here, the ability of seven nucleoside analogues, a combination of two analogues, and two other therapeutic compounds to induce genotoxic and cytotox
Little is known about the occurrence of high risk behaviours for HIV infection among the general population of Ethiopia . With this in mind, 495 randomly selected males between 15 and 49 years of age were questioned about specific risk behaviours. From this interview a total and s
De Wit S; Urbain D; Rahir F; Weerts D; Clumeck N; Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Pierre University Hospital,; Brussels, Belgium.
To assess the efficacy and tolerance of fluconazole in the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis, 47 AIDS patients with this infection were enrolled in an open prospective study using fluconazole 100 mg given orally once daily. Clinical cure was obtained in all of 41 evaluable patients, with confirmation of cure in all
Tozzi AE; Salmaso S; Giuliani M; Greco D; Istituto Superiore di Sanita, AIDS Operational Centre, Rome,; Italy.
To assess the magnitude of the AIDS epidemic in the Italian adolescent (13-19 years) and young adult (20-24 years) age groups, data on AIDS cases notified to the AIDS Operational Centre as of 31 March 1990 were used. Of the 6068 reported AIDS cases, 0.7% occurred among adolescents and 15.7% among young adults. Among a
Morris SL; Laboratory of Mycobacteria and Cellular Immunology, Food and Drug; Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892.
In the past decade, the clinical significance of the Mycobacterium avium, Myobacterium intracellulare complex (MAC) has increased dramatically primarily because of the association between the MAC and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recent hospital reports have suggested that about one-half of AIDS patie
Medley GF; Zunzunegui V; Bueno R; Lopez Gai D; Department of Biology Imperial, College of Science, Technology; and Medicine, London, UK.
The paper presents a preliminary attempt to predict the numbers of AIDS cases in the Community of Madrid (CAM) up to 1992. Using AIDS case surveillance data gathered by CAM, and a statistical procedure that includes a distribution for reporting delays, the numbers of new diagnoses, reports, AIDS deaths and numbers of
Guiguet M; Cohen M; Flahault A; Wells JA; Valleron AJ; INSERM, Universite Paris, France.
In a population based survey conducted in France in 1988, 41 respondents reported present or past intravenous drug use. Controlling for age and gender, intravenous drug users (IDUs) engage in more high risk sexual behavior than the general population (sex with other IDUs, multiple
Castillo I; Bartolome J; Madejon A; Melero M; Porres JC; Carreno V; Department of Gastroenterology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz,; Madrid, Spain.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA detection was carried out, using a full-length HDV RNA probe, in serum of 43 patients with chronic HDV infection. Among them, 30 cases (70%) were HDV RNA-positive. With respect to other HDV markers, serum HDAg (detected by immunoblot) was found in 33 patients (77%) and IgM anti-HD in 29
An in-situ assay for monitoring regulated gene expression in continuously growing mammalian cells is described. This technique can be used for the detection of the transactivator (Tat) protein in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected cells. Human kidney cells 293, harboring the luc gene, and fused to the HIV-1 lo
Parente F; Cernuschi M; Valsecchi L; Rizzardini G; Musicco M; Lazzarin A; Bianchi Porro G; Department of Gastroenterology, L Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy.
To determine the cumulative incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and its effect upon survival in patients with AIDS, 453 consecutive AIDS patients diagnosed in our hospital between June 1985 and March 1989 were followed for a median period of six months (maximum 42 months). The cumulative probability of
Shinohara T; Second Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University School of; Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
The tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is known to be a potent transactivator of its own long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter and the cellular genes ( IL-2 , IL-2R, c-fos and GM-CSF). These effects of tax have been studied in vitro, mostly in T-cel
Romieu I; Sandberg S; Mohar A; Awerbuch T; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Mexico City, Mexico.
To study the future course of the AIDS epidemic in Mexico City, we use an open compartmental model to forecast new AIDS cases among homosexual and bisexual males and among heterosexual males and females. For each group three compartments are defined: uninfected persons, infected but asymptomatic persons, and persons d
Ross MW; Gold J; Wodak A; Miller ME; National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South; Wales.
Self-reported histories of sexually transmissible diseases (STDs) and HIV serostatus were investigated as part of a study of HIV risk behaviour in a sample of 1245 Syndey injecting drug users (IDUs) (mean age 27.5 years) both in and out of treatment. A high lifetime prevalence of STDs was reported in both men and wome
van den Hoek JA; van Haastrecht HJ; Coutinho RA; Municipal Health Service, Department of Public Health and; Environment, Amsterdam.
OBJECTIVE--to assess whether male prostitution is an independent risk factor for HIV infection among male (intravenous and nonintravenous) drug users. DESIGN--a cross-sectional study. SETTING--various low-threshold methadone clinics and the sexually transmitted diseases clinic of the Municipal Health Service in Amster
Rodriguez-Pichardo A; Aznar J; Camacho F; Borobio MV; Perea EJ; STD Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS--The absence of any official statistics on the prevalence of STD in homosexual men in Spain induced us to carry out a prospective study of new homosexual patients who consulted the STD Clinic of the School of Medicine in Seville, between January 1988 and Decem
Murphy M; Buckley M; Corr J; Vinayagamoorthy S; Grainger R; Mulcahy FM; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St James's Hospital,; Dublin, Eire.
Fournier s gangrene of the scrotum, a form of necrotising fasciitis, is a rare but potentially fatal disorder. Predisposing conditions include chronic alcoholism and diabetes mellitus, possibly as a result of impaired immunity. Fournier s syndrome, occurring in a patient with AIDS, is described.
Zeman A; Donaghy M; Department of Neurology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
Several neurological presentations of acute primary infection with HIV have recently been described. A previously unrecognised presentation with neurogenic retention of urine and sacral sensory loss is reported. The case is discussed in the context of other neurological syndromes associated with seroconversion to HIV,
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a long-term process in many individuals. The progression of HIV disease is beginning to demonstrate many commonalities with other chronic diseases. Although research has not yet shown clear-out
Broliden PA; Makitalo B; Akerblom L; Rosen J; Broliden K; Utter G; Jondal M; Norrby E; Wahren B; Department of Virology, National Bacteriological Laboratory,; Stockholm, Sweden.
The importance of the dependence on single amino acids in the V3 region of HIV-1 gp120 was evaluated for virus neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Synthetic overlapping 15-mer peptides and a set of omission peptides covering amino acids 301-317 were used. Sera from 29 HIV-1-infected ind
Spear GT; Sullivan BL; Takefman DM; Landay AL; Lint TF; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St; Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
Since animal models of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are being used increasingly in determining various aspects of virus/host interaction and as models for virus expression, it will be important to assess any significant differences in anti-viral immune responses between animals and humans. Previous stu
Spann W; Pachmann K; Zabnienska H; Pielmeier A; Emmerich B; Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt der Ludwig Maximilians; Universitat, Munchen, Germany.
A method is described using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify defined nucleic acid strands in individual cells in situ in conventional smears of bone marrow and peripheral cells. Using radioactively labeled precursors, the incorporation into newly synthesized strands by PCR can be detected by microautorad
Delaporte E; Monplaisir N; Louwagie J; Peeters M; Martin-Prevel Y; Louis JP; Trebucq A; Bedjabaga L; Ossari S; Honore C; et al; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Microbiology,; Antwerp, Belgium.
A cluster sampling survey was performed in 1989 in Libreville, Gabon , to determine HTLV-I and HTLV-II prevalence and to compare the efficacy of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology in detecting HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections. A total of 322 sera from adults were tested by ELI
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(3):505-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92010439
Krieger N; Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute,; Oakland, CA 94611.
Perhaps more than any other disease in recent history, AIDS has taught a cruel and crucial lesson: the constraints on our response to this epidemic are as deep as our denial, as entrenched as the inequities that permeate our society, as circumscribed as our knowledge, and as unlimited as our compassion and our commitm
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(3):511-37. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92010440
Santana S; Faas L; Wald K; G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University School of Public; Health, New York, NY 10032.
This article describes Cuba s effort to develop a comprehensive program for control of its human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. The program consists of multiple interventions, including blood donor screening, a ban on imported blood and blood products, widespread semicompulsory screening of defined and general
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(3):539-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92010441
Daniel H; AIDSCOM, Washington, DC 20037.
Although AIDS was expected in Brazil , no serious efforts were undertaken to prevent AIDS from taking root. Irresponsible press and media coverage highlighted the spread of AIDS within the gay community of the United States , creating an aura of immun
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(3):553-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92010442
Mann JM; Department of Population Sciences, Harvard School of Public; Health, Boston, MA 02115.
A review of the first decade of global experience with the struggle against HIV/AIDS suggests that prevention will require both full application of existing approaches and fundamental changes in concepts and values. The critical deeper issues can be grouped under three headings: behavior, societal action, and globalis
Int J Epidemiol. 1991 Jun;20(2):480-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92010485
Smallman-Raynor M; Cliff A; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK.
Geographically-related computer databases on the global incidence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection are being maintained in the Department of Geography at the University of Cambridge, England. Using the information they contain, the original geographical heartlands of HIV-2 infection are identified as former Portuguese and
Recent trends in reported primary genital syphilis and genital ulcer disease (GUD) were assessed in Burkina Faso using incidence data reported to the Ministry of Health. From 1978 to 1983 the yearly reports of genital syphilis and GUD rose by 42%. A single period moving average wa
Oral hairy leukoplakia was initially reported only in HIV-infected patients and was considered pathognomonic for HIV infection. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus and the decrease in Langerhans cells seem to be necessary for the development of oral hairy leukoplakia. HIV antigen is not present in oral hairy leukoplaki
Health Serv Res. 1991 Oct;26(4):447-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92010821
Fleishman JA; Mor V; Piette J; Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown; University, Providence, RI 02912.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation s AIDS Health Services Program uses case management to provide community-based care for people with AIDS. This article reports data concerning implementation of case management, based on interviews with program clients in nine communities. Some clients receive case management from a
Histochem J. 1991 Aug;23(8):381-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92010974
Stransky G; Garry RF; Gay S; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
In this study we present a postembedding on-grid immunogold labelling procedure for the ultrastructural localization of the HIV-1 core protein p24. HIV-1 infected cells were fixed in 0.1% glutaraldehyde, incompletely dehydrated and embedded in LR White or in Lowicryl K4M. Antigenic sites were detected by incubation of
Laman JD; Kors N; Heeney JL; Boersma WJ; Claassen E; Department of Immunology, Medical Biology Laboratory, TNO,; Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Cryostat-sections of biopsies from HIV-infected patients or HIV/SIV-infected experimental animals pose a biohazard risk to laboratory workers. The objective of this study was to select a procedure that appropriately fixes cryo-sections and reduces the risk of HIV-1 infectivity. This inactivation procedure should prese
We have developed a three-step cross-linking procedure that is specifically targeted at the carbohydrate on a protein and applied it to CD4 as a model system for studying the role of multivalent interactions in function. In the first step CD4 was oxidized with periodate, creating aldehydes that served as targets for t
We report the first direct observation of the subunit self-association behavior of highly purified recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2) proteinase. Multiple samples of enzyme were subjected to sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation sequentially at 8.8 degrees C and two pH values in
In the United States , the decades preceding the 1980s were characterized by a decline in the incidence of tuberculosis. More recently, the trend has undergone a significant reversal: Case rates have been increasing by 3% to 6% annually. In 1990, more than 25,700 cases were reported to
This update reviews the latest diagnostic and therapeutic methods regarding sexually transmitted diseases caused by bacteria. The following mucocutaneous bacterial disorders will be discussed: syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, and gonorrhea.
Bonnekoh B; Wevers A; Geisel J; Rasokat H; Mahrle G; Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, F.R.G.
Because the beneficial effects of zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus infection-associated psoriasis have recently been observed, this study focused on the drug s action on the rapidly proliferating human HaCaT keratinocyte line as an in vitro model for epidermal hyperproliferation. Cultures in log growth phase
McCann K; Institute for Social Studies in Medical Care, London, England.
The work of a specialist AIDS home support team whose role is to ensure continuity of care between hospital and community for patients with HIV infection is viewed from the patients perspective. Information comes from a wider interview study in which 265 gay men positive for HIV were asked about their perceptions of
Greenspan D; Greenspan JS; Department of Stomatology, University of California, San; Francisco 94143-0512.
AIDS and other expressions of HIV infection continue to present ever-increasing challenges to the health professions, including dentistry. Patients with oral manifestations of HIV disease present or are referred to dental practitioners for the diagnosis and treatment of their oral lesions. This review briefly summariz
Cottone JA; Molinari JA; Department of Dental Diagnostic Science, University of Texas; Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7919.
This paper defines infection control in dentistry as it exists in 1991 and makes some predictions about the future of this area. A total of 21 items form the basis of a comprehensive infection control program.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a complex disease; its manifestations include many opportunistic infections that lead to conditions causing severe malnutrition. Overcoming malnutrition can help AIDS patients increase their weight, improve their self-image, and enhance the quality of their lives. Thirt
Nakamura S; Iida M; Matsui T; Yao T; Kuwano Y; Nishiyama K; Sakamoto A; Fujishima M; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
We describe three cases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) with malignant cell infiltration into the stomach. Case 1, a 63-year-old man, had a large ulcerative lesion on the lesser curvature of the upper stomach. Case 2, a 44-year-old man, had an irregular depressed lesion simulating a IIc-type early gastric canc
Thakur TS; Gupta ML; Sharma V; Goyal A; Department of Microbiology, I.G. Medical College, Shimla.
Serum samples from 2645 individuals representing all the twelve districts of Himachal Pradesh were screened for antibodies to Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), employing ELISA test. These were categorised into four major high risk groups, viz, patients attending STD clinics (1305), voluntary blood donors (1012), hos
Farber BF; Lesser M; Kaplan MH; Woltmann J; Napolitano B; Armellino D; Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital,; Manhasset, New York 11030.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients during periods of neutropenia and non-neutropenia. To compare the infection rates in patients with HIV disease to those in a group hospitalized with neutropenia and hematologic malignancy. DESIGN: Prospective obs
J Immunol. 1991 Oct 1;147(7):2130-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92012999
Janoff EN; Hardy WD; Smith PD; Wahl SM; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,; University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis 55417.
To evaluate the integrity of humoral immunologic memory among persons with HIV infection, we measured the levels, specificity, and functional affinity of circulating antibodies to vaccine-related recall Ag, tetanus (TT) and diphtheria toxoids (DT), and to naturally acquired measles virus, in sera from 17 HIV-seronegat
J Immunol. 1991 Oct 15;147(8):2553-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013061
Schnittman SM; Singer KH; Greenhouse JJ; Stanley SK; Whichard LP; Le PT; Haynes BF; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
The hallmark of infection with HIV-1 is progressive depletion and qualitative dysfunction of the CD4+ Th cell population in infected individuals. Clinical trials of antiretroviral agents have shown that, despite suppression of virus replication, regeneration of the T cell pool does not occur. One proposed explanation
J Immunol. 1991 Oct 15;147(8):2728-33. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013086
Suzuki Y; Joh K; Kobayashi A; Department of Parasitology, Jikei University School of Medicine,; Tokyo, Japan.
rIFN-gamma conferred remarkable resistance against acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii in T cell-deficient (athymic nude) mice. Mice that received an i.p. injection of rIFN-gamma every other day beginning 24 h before infection for a total of eight doses survived significantly longer than untreated control mice alth
J Immunol. 1991 Nov 1;147(9):2892-901. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013109
Clouse KA; Cosentino LM; Weih KA; Pyle SW; Robbins PB; Hochstein HD; Natarajan V; Farrar WL; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug; Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Results and conclusions concerning the ability of HIV glycoprotein (gp) 120 to stimulate monokine secretion have been equivocal, based on observations using natural gp120 derived from infected human cells and a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-derived recombinant fusion protein. Current studies were designed to determ
J Immunol. 1991 Nov 1;147(9):2922-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013113
Rieckmann P; Poli G; Fox CH; Kehrl JH; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
The effect of recombinant protein from the envelope (gp120) of the HIV on B lymphocytes purified from either HIV-infected individuals or healthy seronegative controls was examined. B cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes of HIV-infected individuals spontaneously secreted TNF-alpha; this secretion was augmented b
Roberts IM; Jones SL; Premier RR; Cox JC; Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Limited, Parkville, Victoria,; Australia.
Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) and various enzyme immunoassays (EIA) were compared in order to determine the detection system which showed the greatest degree of sensitivity without sacrificing specificity. The system chosen for the evaluation of these assays was the detection of antibodies to human immunode
Nokta M; Loh JP; Douidar SM; Ahmed AE; Pollard RB; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical; Branch, Galveston.
Zidovudine ( AZT ), the only currently approved drug for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in AIDS, is known to be metabolized by mammalian systems to a variety of metabolites including 3 -azido-3 -deoxy-5 -O-glucuronide (GAZT). Interferon
Kikuchi Y; Oka S; Goto M; Goto H; Kimura S; Mitamura K; Shimada K; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo.
Increasing rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related tuberculosis have been noted and recently the clinical importance of the disease has been mentioned. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is more difficult in those patients with HIV seropositive than those with seronegative, because those with seropositive have
J Ky Med Assoc. 1991 Jul;89(7):322-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013609
Nguyen VQ; Ossorio MA; Roy TM; Division of Respiratory and Environmental Medicine, University of; Louisville School of Medicine, KY 40292.
The majority of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome will develop clinical and radiographic pulmonary involvement during the course of their disease. Although opportunistic pathogens account for the majority of these intrathoracic abnormalities, pulmonary neoplasms are being encountered more often than
Maruyama K; Mochizuki S; Kawamura K; Tamayama C; Department of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute,; Japan.
Human T-cell cultures infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and interleukin-2 ( IL-2 )-dependent for their continuous growth were treated with N-methyl-N -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and then maintained in the medium containing phorbol 12-myristate
Hoshikawa N; Kojima A; Yasuda A; Takayashiki E; Masuko S; Chiba J; Sata T; Kurata T; Department of Pathology, National Institute of Health,; Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo.
An ultrastructural study was performed on rabbit epithelial RK-13 cells and CD4+ human T lymphocyte lines infected with various recombinant vaccinia viruses (RVVs) expressing genes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): the mature p17 or p24 gag domain alone, the entire or truncated gag gene, the reverse transcriptase
Langedijk JP; Back NK; Durda PJ; Goudsmit J; Meloen RH; Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against a 15-mer peptide representing the centre of the principal neutralization domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (strain BH10) showed wide variations in neutralizing activity against the homologous strain. The nature of this difference in neutralizing activity was stud
J Med Virol. 1991 Jul;34(3):176-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92014003
Ala F; Smillie J; Nicholson G; Gough D; Duddin R; Knox G; West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Birmingham,; England.
In the course of an unlinked, anonymous survey of anti-HIV seroprevalence among antenatal patients in the West Midlands, carried out between November 1986 and March 1990, seven out of 202,012 patient samples were anti-HIV seropositive. Although the numbers of women infected by heterosexual contact are still low in thi
Tatematsu H; Kilkuskie RE; Corrigan AJ; Bodner AJ; Lee KH; Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of; North Carolina 27599.
A series of colchicine and isocolchicine derivatives were evaluated as inhibitors of HIV replication in H9 lymphocytes. Colchicine showed only very slight inhibition in the absence of toxicity, as measured by the therapeutic index (IC50/EC50). None of the derivatives inhibited HIV replication in the absence of toxicit
van Servellen G; Lewis CE; Schweitzer SO; Leake B; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles.
Decisions to hospitalize persons with AIDS (PWAs) and the subsequent nursing process and outcomes associated with this hospitalization are of major concern to nurse administrators. Although decisions to hospitalize may be out of their control, events occurring during hospitalization that affect the quality of nursing
Ramsay AD; Giddings J; Baskerville A; Cranage MP; Department of Histopathology, University of Southampton,; Southampton General Hospital, U.K.
Primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) develop a condition similar to the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The close resemblance between the simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and the human disease has led to the widespread use of SIV-infected monkeys as an animal mod
Myths and misconceptions about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are prevalent in both the lay and health care populations. It is imperative that health professionals have accurate knowledge about HIV infection and feel comfortable as they educate parents and children about this major health problem confronting socie
Klein RS; Quart AM; Small CB; Department of Medicine, North Central Bronx Hospital, NY.
We studied the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease among 181 heterosexual men and women with AIDS. Included were 167 (92%) intravenous drug users (IVDU) and 14 sexual partners of persons at risk for AIDS. Periodontal disease was seen in 71 of 78 (91%) women compared to 75 of 103 (73%) men. Gingivitis was th
Didier PJ; Didier ES; Orenstein JM; Shadduck JA; Department of Pathology, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center,; Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana 70433.
Encephalitozoon hellem is a new human microsporidian isolated from corneal biopsies and conjunctival scrapings of three AIDS patients and cultured in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi display different protein profiles with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
Bell KM; Clement DA; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
The surgeon today is obliged to operate on an increasing number of patients who are classed as high risk. A study is presented which examines the extent of potential corneal contamination with blood or tissue fluids, during common orthopaedic operations. In all, 65% of goggles worn by surgeons during the study were co
We evaluated the rheumatic manifestations in 106 patients with AIDS whose risk factor is intravenous drug addiction. All were intravenous drug addicts and carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Their average age was 28.36 years; 83 were men and 23 were women; 73 were in stage IV of the HIV infection; 12 w
J Med Primatol. 1991 Jul;20(5):251-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92015168
Baskin GB; Department of Pathology, Delta Regional Primate Research Center,; Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433.
Disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed in a rhesus monkey inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Immunohistochemical staining of tissues for viral core antigens revealed that those macrophages that expressed viral antigen contained few or no fungal organisms, while those
It is projected that the proportion of black Americans, American Indians, Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans entering the ESRD program will continue to increase. Despite the increase in the average age of the ESRD population, the minorities entering the ESRD program are much younger. The major risk factors of ESR
Skinner A; Walls L; Brown LS Jr; Division of Medical Services, Evaluation and Research, Addiction; Research and Medical Affairs, Brooklyn, New York.
As efforts targeted at producing an effective vaccine or a definitive cure are still in early stages of development, health education and prevention continue to be this country s major line of defense against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This defense is dependent on knowledge of behaviors that place indi
Mongiardo FD; Tewfik TL; Department of Otolaryngology, McGill University, Montreal,; Quebec, Canada.
Kaposi s sarcoma is the most frequent malignancy associated with AIDS. The occurrence of Kaposi s sarcoma in the parotid region is extremely rare. In this publication we present a case of a 47-year-old male patient who developed a swelling of the left parotid tail that proved to be Kaposi s sarcoma of an intra parotid
Reuss FU; Schaller HC; Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie, University of Heidelberg,; Federal Republic of Germany.
Intracisternal A-particle retrotransposons (IAPs) are retroviruslike elements that are defective in envelope protein synthesis and exist without an extracellular stage. We have isolated a novel class of cDNAs that are related to known IAP elements in the nucleotide and deduced protein sequence of gag and pol genes but
Sakai K; Ma XY; Gordienko I; Volsky DJ; Molecular Virology Laboratory, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital; Center, New York, New York.
Two molecularly cloned coisolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been found to exhibit different phenotypes of viral expression, either rapid and cytopathic (N1T-A virus) or delayed and noncytopathic (N1T-E virus [X. Ma, K. Sakai, F. Sinangil, E. Golub, and D. J. Volsky, Virology 176:184-194, 1990
Chesebro B; Nishio J; Perryman S; Cann A; O'Brien W; Chen IS; Wehrly K; Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840.
Infectious recombinant viruses were constructed from three molecularly cloned human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains varying in cell tropism. All recombinants showed a high infectivity titer on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal T lymphocytes. However, a 120-bp region of the envelope gene including the area of t
Banapour B; Marthas ML; Ramos RA; Lohman BL; Unger RE; Gardner MB; Pedersen NC; Luciw PA; Department of Medical Pathology, California Regional Primate; Research Center, Davis.
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a lymphocytopathic lentivirus, induces an AIDS-like disease in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). A pathogenic molecular clone of rhesus macaque SIV (SIVmac), SIVmac-239, replicates and induces cytopathology in T lymphocytes but is restricted for replication in macrophages. In contr
Walker CM; Erickson AL; Hsueh FC; Levy JA; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608.
The mechanism by which CD8+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suppress HIV replication in acutely infected CD4+ T cells was investigated. Cytotoxicity was not involved, as the antiviral activity of the CD8+ cells did not correlate with the ability to lyse HIV-infected or uninfected C
Hope TJ; Bond BL; McDonald D; Klein NP; Parslow TG; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco; 94143-0506.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev and human T-cell leukemia virus type I Rex transactivators are posttranscriptional regulatory proteins that promote retroviral gene expression by interacting with specific viral mRNAs. Rev and Rex have markedly dissimilar amino acid sequences and RNA target specificities but
Tornatore C; Nath A; Amemiya K; Major EO; Section on Molecular Virology and Genetics, National Institute of; Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the brain has been associated with a severe dementing illness in children and adults. However, HIV-1 antigens are most frequently found in macrophages and microglial cells. To determine the extent of susceptibility of neuroglial cells to infection, the HIV-1 gen
Simmonds P; Zhang LQ; McOmish F; Balfe P; Ludlam CA; Brown AJ; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh,; Scotland.
Sequence change in different hypervariable regions of the external membrane glycoprotein (gp120) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was studied. Viral RNA associated with cell-free virus particles circulating in plasma and proviral DNA present in HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were
Wells DE; Chatterjee S; Mulligan MJ; Compans RW; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
Pretreatment of HeLa T4 cells with recombinant alpha, beta, or gamma interferon (IFN) was found to significantly inhibit syncytium formation induced by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein. All three IFNs were found to be potent inhibitors of fusion in a system in which Spodoptera frug
cis-acting elements for the transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA were analyzed in cell-free transcription and DNA transfection assays. Besides previously identified cis elements, a region adjacent to the enhancer element was found to regulate transcription in both assays. Loss of this region caused
Szebeni J; Dieffenbach C; Wahl SM; Venkateshan CN; Yeh A; Popovic M; Gartner S; Wahl LM; Peterfy M; Friedman RM; et al; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
The induction of interferon (IFN) by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in primary, nonstimulated monocyte-macrophage cultures was studied. HIV-1 infection, as confirmed by p24 antigen levels in the cell supernatant, led to the production of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) over 7 to 21 days following infection.
JAMA. 1991 Oct 23-30;266(16):2253-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92015648
Minkoff HL; DeHovitz JA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New; York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203-2098.
OBJECTIVE.--To review current knowledge regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women and to derive from that data standards of care. DATA SOURCES.--Selective review of pertinent articles addressing cervical disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, and pregn
JAMA. 1991 Oct 23-30;266(16):2259-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92015649
Nelson KE; Vlahov D; Cohn S; Lindsay A; Solomon L; Anthony JC; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and; Public Health, Baltimore, Md 21205.
OBJECTIVE.--To evaluate the association between diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence in a population of intravenous (IV) drug users. DESIGN.--Cross-sectional survey in a cohort of IV drug users. SETTING.--Community-based study clinic. SUBJECTS.--The study included 2921 individuals with a hist
JAMA. 1991 Nov 6;266(17):2387-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92015670
St. Louis ME; Conway GA; Hayman CR; Miller C; Petersen LR; Dondero TJ; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga; 30333.
OBJECTIVE--To describe the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among socially and educationally disadvantaged young persons in the United States . DESIGN.-We analyzed demographic and geographic findings from the screening of Job Corps students for antibody to HIV. SETTING--The J
JAMA. 1991 Nov 6;266(17):2419-29. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92015676
Higgins DL; Galavotti C; O'Reilly KR; Schnell DJ; Moore M; Rugg DL; Johnson R; Division of STD/HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control,; Atlanta, GA 30333.
OBJECTIVE--To review published abstracts, journal articles, and presentations for evidence of the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody counseling and testing on risk behaviors. Studies reviewed focused on homosexual men, intravenous drug users in treatment programs, pregnant women, and other heterose
Kawano K; Uno H; Ishizaki J; Matsuoka H; Komura K; Ishikawa T; Tsuda K; Nabeshima K; Kouno M; Kinoshita T; et al; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College.
A 39-year-old woman was first admitted to our hospital with increased white cell count on May, 1983. Physical examination showed only mild splenomegaly. Hematological examination revealed leukocytosis (14,600/microliters) with ATL cells (59%). Serum anti-HTLV-I antibody was positive. Examination of HTLV-I provirus in
Matsuda J; Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine,; Tokyo.
The present study was undertaken to discuss whether measurement of neopterin (NP) released into blood from monocytes/macrophage following activation of lymphocytes were useful tool to predict development of AIDS after HIV-1 infection. The subjects used for this study were eighty one cases of hemophilia, of whom 47 cas
Furukawa Y; Tanaka K; Hasuike T; Hirai M; Misu K; Ohira H; Ohta K; Yasui Y; Nakao Y; Inoue T; et al; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osaka City University Medical; School.
A 52-year-old man, who came from Kagoshima prefecture, was hospitalized because of lumbago and lymphadenopathy. On admission, mild anemia and leukocytosis with atypical lymphoid cells were seen in the peripheral blood. Flow cytometry of the abnormal lymphocytes showed that they expressed CD4, and CD25, but not CD8. An
Tojo N; Yoshimura N; Yoshizawa M; Ichioka M; Chida M; Miyazato I; Taniai S; Marumo F; Matubara O; Kato T; et al; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental; University, Japan.
A 56-year-old man was admitted with hemiparesis and shortness of breath. He was positive to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody and was diagnosed as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with Kaposi s sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. He developed chronic photosensitivity and vitiligo preceding t
Suzuki N; Yoshimoto K; Arai Y; Miyamoto Y; Fukushima N; Sano Y; Department of Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Doai Memorial; Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
A 50-year-old man, who developed bronchial asthma at the age of 43 and was treated continuously with corticosteroids from the beginning of the first treatment, was admitted with exacerbation of exertional dyspnea. In spite of various treatments for bronchial asthma, such as theophylline, beta-stimulants, anti-allergic
Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis for end stage renal disease. Low plasma zinc levels have been associated with immunodepression in these patients. In a randomized, placebo controlled double-blind cross over study, plasma zinc levels, delayed hypersensivity to 7
Klin Wochenschr. 1991 Jun 18;69(9):409-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92016253
Hollweg M; Riedel RR; Goebel FD; Schick U; Naber D; Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitat Munchen.
Treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms with AZT (Azidothymidine) seems to be effective in many AIDS patients. In earlier studies, 204 of 525 patients treated with AZT showed neuropsychiatric improvement. In this presentation, two patients with affecti
Yamada H; Nakao Y; Fujita T; Department of Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine.
The effects of steroid hormones and Cyclosporin A (CsA) on de novo DNA synthesis in four human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T cell lines from patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) were investigated. These T cell lines were characterized by helper/inducer phenotypes and expressed IL-2-recept
Baskin GB; Murphey-Corb M; Martin LN; Davison-Fairburn B; Hu FS; Kuebler D; Department of Pathology, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana.
The thymuses from 20 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected and 4 uninfected rhesus monkeys were examined at intervals after infection to determine whether there were specific SIV-induced lesions, to document the serial distribution of SIV antigens, mRNA, and DNA, to quantitate the number of infected cells, and
Medicine (Baltimore). 1991 Sep;70(5):307-25. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92017210
Carpenter CC; Mayer KH; Stein MD; Leibman BD; Fisher A; Fiore TC; Brown University AIDS Program, Providence, RI 02906.
This study was designed to define the epidemiology and natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women in Rhode Island. Two hundred women referred to Brown University physicians from 1986 through 1990 were evaluated at 3-to-6-month intervals for 12 to 60 months. All received antiretroviral the
Ushijima H; Dairaku M; Honma H; Yamaguchi K; Shimizu H; Tsuchie H; Abe K; Yamamoto A; Hoshino H; Muller WE; Division of AIDS Virus, National Institute of Health, Tokyo.
We established persistent infection with a strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, HTLV-IIIB, in a promyelomonocytic cell line, ML-1 (CD4 antigen nearly negative and CD4 mRNA negative), and a promonocytic cell line, THP-1 (CD4 antigen positive). Different reaction of giant cell formation was found after co-cult
Crofts N; Hay M; Epidemiological Research Unit, MacFarlane Burnet Centre for; Medical Research Inc., Fairfield Hospital, VIC.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathway by which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is entering populations of injecting drug users (IDUs) in Victoria. DESIGN: A retrospective case-control study comparing the prevalence of self reported risk behaviour in HIV-infected and uninfected Victorian IDUs. SETTING: Subjects
Baldwin AS Jr; Azizkhan JC; Jensen DE; Beg AA; Coodly LR; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North; Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7295.
A DNA-binding factor with properties of NF-kappa B and another similar activity are rapidly induced when growth-arrested BALB/c 3T3 cells are stimulated with serum growth factors. Induction of these DNA-binding activities is not inhibited by pretreatment of quiescent cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor cyclohex
Kim SJ; Winokur TS; Lee HD; Danielpour D; Kim KY; Geiser AG; Chen LS; Sporn MB; Roberts AB; Jay G; Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) has been associated with an adult form of T-cell leukemia as well as tropical spastic paraparesis, a neurodegenerative disease. Adult T-cell leukemia patients express high levels of the type 1 isoform of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1), which is mediated by
Schiefer HG; Willems WR; Zentrum fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Virologie,; Justus-Liebig-Universitat, Giessen.
The sexually transmissible pathogenic microorganisms, which are also capable of initiating pre- or perinatal infections, include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D through K, group B streptococci, urogenital mycoplasmas, herpes simplex viruses types I and II,
More recent knowledge on pathogenesis and immunopathology of HIV-infection permit more hope for progress in prevention and treatment. The important steps of viral replication and persistence are restated. The considerable magnitude of HIV plasma viremia during all disease stages implies relevant conclusions concerning
We describe an African histoplasmosis case in a 65-year-old Belgian living in Zaire for 46 years. Microscopic bone marrow examination showed Histoplasma. It was confirmed by cultures and hamster inoculation. Autopsy revealed a fungal dissemination by Histoplasma duboisii.
BACKGROUND. Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to five patients receiving care from an HIV-infected dentist in Florida has recently been reported. Current data indicate that the risk of HIV transmission from health care workers to patients is low. Despite this low risk, programs to notify patients
Machado AA; Coelho IC; Roselino AM; Trad ES; Figueiredo JF; Martinez R; de Costa JC; Department of Medical Clinical, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao; Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The authors report the first six cases of disseminated histoplasmosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) seen at the University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, from 1987 to 1989, with emphasis on dermatological clinical manifestations, nasal mucosa lesions and treat
NIDA Res Monogr. 1991;106:167-77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92018126
Childress AR; McLellan AT; Woody GE; O'Brien CP; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania,; Philadelphia.
Although methadone maintenance is a treatment modality with the demonstrated ability to reduce IV drug use and subsequent AIDS risk, methadone maintenance programs vary widely in their effectiveness: Demographically similar patient samples show profound improvements in some programs and little change in others. This s
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1991 Aug 24;135(34):1542-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92018357
van de Laar MJ; Sleutjes MP; Postema CA; van de Water HP; Nederlands Instituut voor Praeventieve Gezondheidszorg-TNO,; Leiden.
In the registration of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) carried out by the nursing staff in the STD clinics the share of the immigrant populations of Turkish, Moroccan, Surinam and Antilles origin was investigated for the period 1986-89. In the total population of STD patients the immigrants appear to be overrepres
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1991 Aug 24;135(34):1547-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92018358
van Everdingen JJ; Lange JM; Centraal Begeleidingsorgaan voor de Intercollegiale Toetsing,; Wetenschappelijke Raad, Utrecht.
The aim was to reach national consensus on the moment early treatment with the antiretroviral drug zidovudine should be started and on the dosing schedule to be used. On the initiative and under the auspices of the National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Centre a consensus meeting of Dutch AIDS treatment specialists was orga
Kodama T; Numaguchi Y; Gellad FE; Sadato N; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland; Medical System, Baltimore.
We report two patients with HIV infection whose MR imaging showed abnormal high signal intensity confined to both putamina on T2-weighted spin echo (SE) images. We assume that they may represent the early manifestations of HIV encephalitis.
Miller RG; Carson PJ; Moussavi RS; Green AT; Baker AJ; Weiner MW; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of San Francisco, CA; 94118.
Fatigue and myalgia are common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To determine whether altered muscle metabolism or impaired activation of muscle might account for these symptoms, we utilized three different exercise protocols to produce fatigue in nine AIDS patients who complained of both fat
Miller EN; Satz P; Visscher B; UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute 90024.
We administered a battery of computerized and conventional neuropsychological measures to a group of 507 HIV-1 seronegative, 439 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (Centers for Disease Control [CDC] groups 2 and 3), and 47 symptomatic HIV-1 seropositive (CDC group 4) homosexual/bisexual men enrolled in the Los Angeles ce
Nerenberg MI; Minor T; Nagashima K; Takebayashi K; Akai K; Wiley CA; Riccardi VM; Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Clinic and Research; Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037.
An HTLV-I tax transgenic mouse model develops a syndrome with similarities to type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1). To investigate possible associations between this human retrovirus and NF-1, we have analyzed 67 neurofibromas from Japan (where HTLV-I infection is endemic) and compared t
Nurs Health Care. 1991 Oct;12(8):432-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92019116
Donovan NM
Donovan looks at some of the very real issues arising in care of the AIDS patient through this fictional legal case. Issues of confidentiality and duty to warn are contrasted. Is it possible to meet all desirable goals in these cases? Or do legal and ethical considerations conflict?
Gruen SM; Hayes E; Fritsch-deBruyn R; Kaiser Permanente, Northampton, Mass.
AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common today, but many parents, teachers and students do not fully understand the diseases or what constitutes their prevention. Young persons, for a variety of reasons (e.g., developmental issues, peer pressure, societal influences) are becoming sexually active at ear
Nucl Med Commun. 1991 Jul;12(7):583-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92019306
Buscombe JR; Miller RF; Lui D; Ell PJ; Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College and Middlesex; School of Medicine, London, UK.
Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suffer from serious and life-threatening infections. These patients often present with pyrexia but without localizing signs. Despite its high sensitivity in identifying focal infection 67Ga citrate scintigraphy lacks specificity; lymphoma and solid tumours
Lindsay MK; Adefris W; Peterson HB; Williams H; Johnson J; Klein L; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School; of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Routine voluntary prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing offer the opportunity to encourage reduction of high-risk behaviors among uninfected women and to identify those women with asymptomatic HIV infection. To characterize the determinants of acceptance of routinely offered and encouraged
Kraus EM; Brettler DB; Forsberg AD; Sullivan JL; Department of Medicine, Medical Center of Central; Massachusetts-Memorial, Worcester.
Since 1981, there have been 17 pregnancies in 12 long-term female sexual partners of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-seropositive hemophilic men at the New England Hemophilia Center. Eleven of 12 women were seronegative for HIV antibody and one was seropositive. Six of the women followed a specific antibody testi
Bilheimer LT; Asher A; Phillips B; Smith M; Mathematica Policy Research, Inc, Washington, DC.
This paper describes the conceptual structure underlying the microcomputer-based modeling system developed by Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. The modeling system was developed to assist communities in planning nonacute care services for symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. The modeling sy
Szebeni J; Orszagos Elelmezes- es Taplalkozastudomamyi Intezet,; Budapest.
Dipyridamole (DP) is a widely used coronary vasodilator and antithrombotic drug. The presented experiments demonstrate that DP inhibits the replication of HIV-1 and markedly potentiates the anti-HIV activity of azidothymidine ( AZT ) and dideoxycytidine
Inoue J; Itoh M; Akizawa T; Toyoshima H; Yoshida M; Department of Viral Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
The Rex protein of human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV) is a trans-acting regulator inducing the expression of gag and env mRNA containing the introns. The rex gene can also induce expression of unspliced RNA of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). We have analyzed the level of spliced and unspliced RNAs in nucleus a
Multiple binding of Tat and nuclear protein(s) to HIV-1 TAR RNA appears to be essential for the Tat-mediated trans-activation. As synthetic Tat-(1-47), which lacks the basic domain and does not bind TAR RNA in vitro, efficiently transactivated HIV-1 LTR in HeLa nuclear extracts, we hypothesized that Tat might trans-ac
Stoller JS; Adam HM; Weiss B; Wittner M; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, NY.
In June, 1986, the Bronx Municipal Hospital Center opened an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome day-care center to provide a quality educational experience for children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. A major concern was the possibility of increasing secondary infections among these immunocompromised c
Leggiadro RJ; Kline MW; Hughes WT; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis,; LeBonheur Children's Medical Center 38103.
There is a paucity of published information available on extrapulmonary cryptococcosis (EC) in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus, the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We surveyed investigators in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome around the country regarding their
Nord Med. 1991;106(8-9):224-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020099
Tikkanen J; Koskela K; Social- och Halsostyrelsen, Helsingfors.
Changes in the Finns knowledge of attitudes to and behaviour in connection with HIV infection between 1986 and 1990 were studied. In 1986, 1013 Finns aged 15 to 64 years were chosen at random from the entire population. During the years 1987-1990, about 1900 more Finns were selected in the same way. All subjects were
Duilio A; Zambrano N; Mogavero AR; Ammendola R; Cimino F; Russo T; Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita; degli Studi di Napoli, II Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia,; Italy.
We have isolated a rat cDNA, named FE65, hybridizing to an mRNA of about 2,300 nucleotides present in rat brain, undetectable in rat liver and very poorly represented in other tissues. An mRNA of the same size is present in human neuroblastoma cells and is absent from other human cell lines. The FE65 cDNA contains an
Postgrad Med J. 1991 Jun;67(788):548-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020503
Gil A; Lavilla P; Valencia E; Pintado V; Dupla ML; Khamashta MA; Garcia-Puig J; Ortiz-Vazquez J; Department of Internal Medicine, La Paz Hospital, Universidad; Autonoma, Madrid, Spain.
The efficacy and safety of fluconazole in the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was assessed in 36 patients. Fluconazole, 200 mg orally, was given on the first day, followed by 100 mg daily for 4 weeks. Clinical and mycological evaluation was performed
Postgrad Med J. 1991 Jun;67(788):579-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020513
Ong EL; Mandal BK; Regional Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine,; Monsall Hospital, Newton Health, Manchester, UK.
A 21 year old homosexual man presented with an acute pneumonitis during symptomatic seroconversion for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I) infection. The symptoms resolved spontaneously without any therapeutic interventions needed. Acute pneumonitis should be added to the ever-increasing spectrum of clinical manifest
Public Health Nurs. 1991 Jun;8(2):113-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020589
Robb H; Beltran ED; Katz D; Foxman B; Division of Infectious Disease, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit.
A telephone survey was used to assess knowledge of the transmission, prevalence, and infectivity of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the safety of casual contact among 214 randomly selected university students. Males were more knowledgeable than females overall (odds ratio [OR], men/women = 4.8). Althoug
Mycoplasma incognitus is a recently described organism that was originally isolated by Shyh-Ching Lo from spleen and Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) tissue of patients with AIDS. The mycoplasm has since been found in selected AIDS autopsy cases in which there were tissues with unexplained areas of necrosis. Mycoplasma incognitu
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8510-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020882
Kamine J; Subramanian T; Chinnadurai G; Institute for Molecular Virology, St. Louis University Medical; Center, MO 63110.
The Tat protein coded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a strong activator of viral gene expression from the long terminal repeat (LTR). It appears that Tat-mediated trans-activation of the HIV LTR is predominantly a transcriptional event. It has been reported that Tat acts at the level of both transcriptional
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):8875-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020953
Desai K; Loewenstein PM; Green M; Institute for Molecular Virology, St. Louis University School of; Medicine, MO 63110.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein is a powerful transactivator of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). We have identified a cellular protein that strongly binds to Tat and can complement Tat transactivation in rodent cells. The cellular protein of about 36 kDa was isolated from extracts of human cel
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):9282-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92021034
Doi H; Biological Informatics Section, International Institute for; Advanced Study of Social Information Science, Fujitsu; Laboratories Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolves rapidly, and random base change is thought to act as a major factor in this evolution. However, segments of the viral genome differ in their variability: there is the highly variable env gene, particularly hypervariable regions located within env, and, in contrast, the conse
Fernandez F; Levy JK; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College; of Medicine, Houston.
It is evident that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the most serious public health issues in decades. HIV infection compromises cell-mediated immunity which ultimately may result in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS, to date, remains an incurable and progressively fatal disorder
Stuber ML; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA School of Medicine.
HIV-1 and AIDS are emerging as significant problems for medical and mental health professionals working with children, adolescents, or women of child-bearing age. Aggressive medical care, and new research advances are allowing infected individuals to live longer. However, prevention remains the only way to save lives.
Stat Med. 1991 Aug;10(8):1167-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92021979
Rosenberg PS; Gail MH; Pee D; National Cancer Institute, Epidemiologic Methods Section,; Rockville, MD 20892.
We simulated multinomial AIDS incidence counts from 27 representative AIDS epidemics that spanned a period corresponding to previous applications of backcalculation (1 January 1977 to 1 July 1987) and assessed mean square error for several back-calculated estimators of HIV prevalence and short-term AIDS projections.
Stat Med. 1991 Aug;10(8):1273-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92021987
Schwartzbaum JA; Hirschberg JG; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of; Tennessee, Memphis 38163.
We show the use of the bootstrap resampling method to examine further the order of a series of odds ratios. Specifically, the bootstrap provides a method for estimating the probabilities that one would find in subsequent independent samples from the same population the observed odds ratio rankings. To illustrate this
Stat Med. 1991 Sep;10(9):1427-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022002
Mode CJ; Fife D; Troy SM; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drexel; University, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104.
We designed and implemented stochastic methods for short term projections of HIV disease at the local level, that accommodate various states or stages of the disease. We gave particular attention to projection of the number of patients with HIV disease who need care, when durations of stay in these various states depe
Kim J; Minamoto GY; Grieco MH; University of California, Irvine.
Nocardiosis has been increasingly recognized as a serious infection among persons who otherwise appear healthy and among those with underlying chronic disease, neoplasms, and immunosuppression. Nocardial infection as a complication of AIDS has been reported infrequently. Six patients with AIDS and nocardiosis were ide
Ampel NM; Medical Service, Tucson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Arizona; 85723.
Medical science has made tremendous strides in overcoming infectious diseases in the 20th century. Despite this, several epidemics of previously unrecognized diseases have occurred during the last 15 years. These diseases include Lyme disease, Legionnaires disease, toxic shock syndrome, and AIDS. Examination of past
Haverkos HW; Amsel Z; Drotman DP; Division of Clinical Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse,; Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Rockville,; Maryland 20857.
Over the last 3 decades, epidemiologists and clinicians have identified a few clinical entities that appear to result when a viral infection and a chemical exposure overlap and interact. Ampicillin rash during infectious mononucleosis, Reye s syndrome following salicylate ingestion and certain viral infections, and th
Armstrong D; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,; Cornell University College of Medicine, New York, New York 10021.
The use of empiric therapy for immunocompromised hosts has been one of the major advances in the management of such patients. Such therapy has been put into practice primarily for patients with neutropenia induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy. The empiric antibiotic regimens include in their coverage the bowel, skin, and
Martin CF; Correale J; Kam-Hansen S; Ehrnst A; Department of Virology, Central Microbiological Laboratory of; Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
The CD4 molecule has several biological functions, physiologically as a receptor for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, and pathologically as a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by its binding to the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp 120. The frequency of CD4+ cel
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991 Aug;17(4):221-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022399
Tan CC; Health Services Division, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur,; Malaysia.
Nurses are an integral component of the health care delivery system. In discharging their duties, nurses encounter a variety of occupational health problems which may be categorized into biological hazards, chemical hazards, physical hazards, and psychosocial hazards. A review of some examples of each of these four ty
The laboratory diagnosis of an HIV infection is mainly based on the detection of antibodies. Many reliable tests are commercially available. Although they have excellent characteristics (sensitivity and specificity above 99%), their positive predictive value is low in populations with a very low prevalence of HIV infe
Zidovudine (azidothymidine, Retrovir) and ddI (di-deoxy-inosine, Videx ) interfere with the multiplication of HIV by incorporation into nascent DNA chains and interruption of the further linking of nucleotides. Zidovudine lowers early mortality in pati
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1991 Aug 24;121(34):1194-204. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022415
Malinverni R; Blatter M; Medizinische Universitatspoliklinik, Inselspital Bern.
Earlier diagnosis and improved therapies for the opportunistic infections have led to improved quality of life as well as survival time of patients with advanced HIV-related immunodeficiency. Most of the therapies can be administered on an outpatient basis. Outpatient treatment further contributes to improving the qua
The present Swiss legal position on the following two questions is described and discussed. First, under what circumstances can a physician test a patient for HIV antibodies (or, more generally, use diagnostic methods) without the patient s express consent? Second, in what cases can he inform others of the patient s H
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1991 Aug 24;121(34):1212-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022417
Charbonney R; Aide Suisse contre le Sida, Zurich.
Rejection, exclusion and discriminating attitudes may disturb an AIDS prophylactic approach, which is based on individual responsibility. Fear, apprehension and mistrust induce dissimulation, evasion and refusal. In Switzerland , the selective policy of some group insurances, w
Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):285-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022578
Wang CY; Looney DJ; Li ML; Walfield AM; Ye J; Hosein B; Tam JP; Wong-Staal F; United Biomedical, Inc., Lake Success, NY 11042.
A titer for homologous viral neutralization activity (greater than 1:19,683) was observed after a 3.5-year immunization period with an octameric, branching peptide representing the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of the human immunodeficiency virus-1IIIB envelope protein. Booster immunizations elicited persis
Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):423-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022600
Bukrinsky MI; Stanwick TL; Dempsey MP; Stevenson M; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha 68198.
To better understand the basis for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persistence and latency, the form in which viral DNA exists in the peripheral T lymphocyte reservoir of infected individuals was investigated. In asymptomatic individuals, HIV-1 was harbored predominantly as full-length, unintegrated comple
Dworkin J; Albrecht G; Cooksey J; Department of Medical Social Work, College of Associated Health; Professions, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680.
In this study, the authors examine the worry and discomfort experienced by direct care health professionals in treating AIDS patients and how their profession, attitudes, knowledge, experience and demographic characteristics influence their emotional reaction to those patients. The research focuses on experienced emot
South Med J. 1991 Oct;84(10):1217-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022735
Lasky JA; Pulkingham N; Powers MA; Durack DT; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,; NC 27710.
Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive pleomorphic bacillus that has been identified as a life-threatening pulmonary pathogen in the immunocompromised host. Infection with R equi may go unrecognized by physicians unacquainted with its presentation and unaware of the organism s ability to mimic diphtheroids and to stain w
South Med J. 1991 Oct;84(10):1265-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022744
Guerra I; Kimmel PL; Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical; Center, Washington, DC 20037.
Electrolyte disorders have been reported frequently in patients with AIDS. Adrenal insufficiency has been associated with hyponatremia in this group of patients. We have presented the case of a patient with AIDS whose early course was complicated by hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and hyperkalemia. Shortly thereafter, hyp
South Med J. 1991 Oct;84(10):1278-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022750
Lee AM; Katner HP; Department of Internal Medicine, Mercer University School of; Medicine, Macon, Ga. 31208.
We have presented a case in which flow cytometry of pleural fluid was applied in the diagnosis of an AIDS-related lymphoma. Flow cytometric evaluation of malignant effusions is a less invasive means of diagnosing these neoplasms than tissue biopsy.
S Afr Med J. 1991 Oct 5;80(7):340-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022871
Abdool Karim Q; Abdool Karim SS; Nkomokazi J; Research Institute for Diseases, Tropical Environment of the; South African Medical Research Council, Durban.
Questionnaires were administered to 122 urban black mothers of teenagers in order to: (i) understand aspects of their sexual behaviour and knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); and (ii) assess their communication with their teenage children with regard to AIDS and sexual behaviour. The subjects c
S Afr Med J. 1991 Oct 5;80(7):343-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92022872
Evian CR; de Beer M; Crewe M; Padayachee GN; Hurwitz HS; Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand,; Johannesburg.
The Johannesburg City Health Department embarked on an AIDS awareness campaign using messages placed on the outside of 30 city buses. The selection of the message and the campaign are outlined briefly. An evaluation to assess the overall effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness of using buses as a vehicle for exposin
Altorfer J; Departement fur Innere Medizin, Universitatsspital Zurich.
Colonoscopy is now the accepted diagnostic procedure for most colorectal diseases, although studies comparing sensitivity and specificity of double-contrast barium enema with total colonoscopy or combined procedures such as sigmoidoscopy and same-day double-contrast barium enema versus colonoscopy are still being perf
Petersen LR; Doll LS; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health; Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta,; Georgia.
Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by homologous blood transfusion in the United States (US) is minimized by the deferral of potential donors who are at risk for HIV-1 infection and by the screening of all donations for HIV-1 antibody. HIV-1-seropositive donors
Doll LS; Petersen LR; White CR; Ward JW; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health; Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta,; Georgia.
Between May 1988 and September 1989, 829 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive donors were identified from 3,919,000 units of blood donated at 20 United States (US) blood centers. Of the 829,512 (62%) were interviewed to assess behavioral characteristics of the large
Hjelle B; Cyrus S; Swenson S; Mills R; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of; Medicine, Albuquerque.
In November 1988, the Food and Drug Administration approved reagents for serologic screening for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in blood donors and patients suspected of having HTLV-I-related illnesses. These reagents are able to detect HTLV type II (HTLV-II), a close relative of HTLV-I with no k
Wagner SJ; Wagner KF; Friedman LI; Benade LF; Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences,; American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland.
The animal virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and the bacterial virus, phi 6, were inactivated by greater than 4 log10 in response to incubation with 13 to 14 mL of 1.4 mmol per L (65 micrograms/mL) to 1.6 mmol per L (75 micrograms/mL) of overlaid ozone in virus-spiked, dilute, red cell suspensions. Virus inacti
Transplant Proc. 1991 Oct;23(5):2505-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92023662
Daar AS; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos; University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
Many countries in the Middle East began renal transplantation in the late 1970s and the 1980s. In many countries transplantation has evolved through distinct stages of development, and at present living-related donors continue to be the main source of kidneys. Islamic opinion has been strongly in favour of transplanta
Peripheral blood lymphocytes in cows of four groups (healthy, exposed to leucosis, those affected by leucosis at early or at developed stages) were tested for their glycogen contents by the two following methods: the semiquantitative PAS technique (Shabadash, 1947) and the quantitative cytofluorimetric variant of PAS
Greenstein A; Pecht M; Kaver I; Trainin N; Braf Z; Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty; of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
The levels of immune reactivity of peripheral and blood T-lymphocytes were evaluated in 37 bladder cancer patients and 31 age-matched controls. T-lymphocyte subsets were quantified by monoclonal antibodies, and the immune reactivity was measured using stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), a
Becker J; Schuppan D; Rabanus JP; Gelderblom HR; Reichart P; Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Free University; of Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
The localization of collagen types I, III and VI in normal human alveolar and palatal mucosa and in oral Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) was studied by light microscopy and cryo-immunoelectron microscopy. Normal oral mucosa revealed two different types of organization. The upper connective tissue stroma contained a loose reticu
We report a case of a 31-year-old HIV infected black female, who presented with asymptomatic generalized lymphadenopathy. Three particularly enlarged lymph nodes were biopsied (2 cervical and 1 axillary). The histological picture was consistent with a diagnosis of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML
Dickie P; Felser J; Eckhaus M; Bryant J; Silver J; Marinos N; Notkins AL; Laboratory of Oral Medicine, National Institute of Dental; Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; 20892.
Transgenic mice were produced that bore copies of a defective HIV provirus. The transgenic offspring from three independently derived mouse lines manifested renal disease associated with proteinuria, a high mortality rate, and HIV-specific gene expression in the kidney. An early histopathological lesion in the kidney
Von Gegerfelt A; Albert J; Morfeldt-Manson L; Broliden K; Fenyo EM; Department of Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Four individuals with increasing severity of HIV-1 infection were studied for serum neutralizing activity against their own virus isolates collected during 1-3 years. Sequential serum samples and HIV-1 isolates were available from these patients from the stage of lymphadenopathy to severe immunodeficiency. The replica
Johnson PR; Hamm TE; Goldstein S; Kitov S; Hirsch VM; Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University, Rockville,; Maryland 20852.
We have examined genetic variation of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in four macaques inoculated with virions derived from molecular clones of proviral DNA. Our data demonstrated that the SIV genome is capable of rapid and extensive genetic variation. This variation was especially large in the env gene, where
Furtado MR; Balachandran R; Gupta P; Wolinsky SM; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School,; Chicago, Illinois 60611.
A polymerase chain reaction-based analysis was used to define the structures of the mRNAs that encode human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) regulatory and structural proteins in infected H9 cells. Twenty alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding the vif, vpr, env, nef, tat, and rev proteins were characterized. An eva
Rawal B; Yen TS; Vyas GN; Busch M; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San; Francisco.
We used in vitro model of storage-induced leukocyte degradation in blood to experimentally characterize the infectivity of the debris of lymphocytes harboring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). The leukocyte filtration process removed both intact HIV-infected H9 cells and the particulate debris, but failed to remov
Bjornson DC; Oster CN; Hiner WO Jr; Tramont EC; HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Medical Center,; Washington, DC 20307.
As the focus of the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection turns from the treatment of AIDS to the entire continuum of the disease, projection of long-term healthcare costs becomes increasingly important. Rather than a fulminant disease treated primarily inside the hospital, HIV infection will beco
In West and East Germany the incidence of tuberculosis is declining. However, with an incidence of 22 per 100,000 inhabitants in West Germany and 17 new diseases per 100,000 inhabitants in East Germany it is not a rare disease. In the chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis, isonia
Principal elements of the HIV- and AIDS-prevention in the social field and health care are discussed. The infection with HIV as a sexually transmitted disease can only be prevented by personal caution in the sexual behavior. Counselling should in particular be addressed to risk groups such as homosexuals and drug abus
We describe a case of free perforation of the transverse colon in a patient with HIV-infection. No underlying infectious agent could be identified. Differential diagnosis is discussed. This case demonstrates the need for increased attention for unexpected complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ever after
On the basis of a questionnaire filled out by 480 adolescents determinants of fear of AIDS were evaluated with a model of linear structural equations. The main factors that appeared were knowledge about AIDS (those who know more report less fear), personal involvement (those who are confronted more with the problem of
Ma KF; Tsui MS; Tsang DN; Institute of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong; Kong.
A disseminated infection with Penicillium marneffei, a rare human pathogen that may infect both healthy and immunocompromised patients, was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The presence of yeast-form organisms with an eccentric or central dot and
Ramstedt K; Department of Dermato-Venereology, University of Goteborg,; Sweden.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are a major health problem all over the world. The diseases are often spread by unsuspecting asymptomatic individuals. One important means of controlling STD is thus the identification of asymptomatic persons. The purposes of this thesis were a) to describe methods of identifying in
Casabona J; Sanchez E; Graus F; Abos J; Segura A; AIDS Prevention and Control Program, Generalitat de Catalunya,; Barcelona, Spain.
Nervous system involvement in patients with AIDS is frequent either due to direct infection by the HIV-1 or to opportunistic infections or neoplasms. In the present study we evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of patients in whom the first AIDS manifestation was an indicative neurologic disease (IND) and the in
Gray F; Haug H; Chimelli L; Geny C; Gaston A; Scaravilli F; Budka H; Departement Universitaire de Neurosciences Medicales, Faculte; de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris-Val de Marne, France.
A 25-year-old homosexual AIDS patient presented with progressive cognitive, motor and behavioral disturbances consistent with HIV encephalopathy. CT scans demonstrated progressive diffuse brain atrophy. Neuropathology showed predominant cortical changes including severe neuronal loss corroborated by morphometry. Only
Tyden T; Bjorkelund C; Olsson SE; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital,; Uppsala, Sweden.
Students at Uppsala University, Sweden , were interviewed about their sexual behavior, their knowledge of and attitudes to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and related issues. The purpose of the study was to ascertain trends in behavior and attitudes as an indication of the like
Hausler R; Vibert D; Koralnik IJ; Hirschel B; Department of Otolaryngologie Head & Neck Surgery, Cantonal; University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
A systematic investigation of the incidence and type of peripheral and central auditory and vestibular disorders occurring in different stages of HIV infection was performed: 43 HIV-seropositive patients (14 were symptomatic with manifestation of AIDS or related complex and 29 were clinically asymptomatic) were compar
Wall SD; Olcott EW; Gerberding JL; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco.
As the AIDS epidemic progresses, concern about the risk of occupational transmission of the causative organism, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is increasing. In this article, we summarize the risk of occupational acquisition of HIV in the health care setting and specify protocol and equipment that can reduce this
Radin DR; Department of Radiology, University of Southern California School; of Medicine, Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center 90033-1084.
Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic, disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum infection has been reported with much greater frequency in both endemic and nonendemic areas. Abdominal CT scans of 16 patients with disseminated histoplasmosis were reviewed retrospectively to identify radiologic features of this disease. The d
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1991 Sep;17(3):337-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026007
Booth R; Koester S; Brewster JT; Weibel WW; Fritz RB; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences; Center, Denver 80262.
Risk-taking behaviors were studied in this assessment of 345 intravenous drug users from Baltimore, El Paso, and Denver. Over 50% reported injecting drugs daily and 70% shared needles with others, averaging 6.3 partners. In addition, 86% had shared a cooker and nearly 50% injected in a shooting gallery. More than half
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1991 Sep;17(3):355-68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026008
Weddington WW; Haertzen CA; Hess JM; Brown BS; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland 20857.
We compared retention in treatment and psychological reactions during drug abuse treatment by 22 HIV-antibody positive, physically asymptomatic cocaine addicts to 22 matched HIV-seronegative cocaine addicts. All subjects participated in an outpatient clinical research project. There were no significant differences bet
Anderson LJ; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease; Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Viruses have recently become appreciated as nosocomial pathogens. There is insufficient data to characterize trends in rates of viral nosocomial infections, but there have been major trends in methodologies and concepts. New groups of patients, such as infants and the elderly, are becoming appreciated as being at risk
Weber DJ; Becherer PR; Rutala WA; Samsa GP; Wilson MB; White GC 2d; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; 27599-7030.
As part of a prospective cohort study initiated in 1983, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) status has been periodically determined for patients with clotting disorders (hemophilia A or B, von Willebrand s disease, miscellaneous). The University of North Carolina Hospitals has conducted comprehensive surv
Bell DM; Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control,; Atlanta, GA 30333.
Surveillance data and case reports document that health care workers (HCWs) risk occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Transmission of HIV to patients of an infected HCW during invasive procedures has also been reported. The risk to a susceptible HCW depends on the prevalence of HIV inf
McCormick RD; Meisch MG; Ircink FG; Maki DG; Infection Control Department, University of Wisconsin Hospitals,; University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53792.
The world pandemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has focused enormous attention on the problem of accidental sharps injuries sustained by health care workers (HCWs) and the risk of occupationally acquired infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). At the 1980 Conference, we reported a 4-year epide
Gerberding JL; Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of; California, San Francisco.
Implementation of universal precautions is advocated to prevent exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other bloodborne pathogens. Critics of this approach argue that additional benefit can be derived by identifying and labeling patients known to be infected. Knowledge of HIV infection status could result
Henderson DK; Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of; Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Occupational exposures to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continue to occur in the health care setting. Each such exposure is associated with risk for occupational infection. Although occupational HIV infections have been uncommon in health care workers, the occurrence of even one such infection is traumatic fo
Mitogenically stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and T cell clones were found to have weak membrane transport activity for the disulfide cystine but strong membrane transport activity for the thiol amino acid cysteine. Cysteine, however, is represented at the lowest concentration among all protein-forming a
Am J Med Sci. 1991 Sep;302(3):155-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026244
Clark R; Mushatt D; Fazal B; Tulane/LSU ACTU, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans,; Louisiana 70112.
We report a case of an HIV-infected adult with Chlamydia pneumoniae. Our patient presented with a clinical picture suggestive of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), but did not respond to empiric anti-PCP therapy. The diagnosis was eventually confirmed by bronchoscopy and serology. C. pneumoniae pneumonia should be
Am J Med Sci. 1991 Oct;302(4):224-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026256
Phelps KR; Ginsberg SS; Cunningham AW; Tschachler E; Dosik H; Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health; Science Center, Brooklyn.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) was demonstrated postmortem in a 47-year-old woman initially manifesting severe hypercalcemia and a vertebral compression fracture. Hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis preceded the appearance of ATLL by several months and ultimately dominated the terminal course. Althoug
Am J Pathol. 1991 Oct;139(4):823-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026338
Kotler DP; Reka S; Borcich A; Cronin WJ; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center,; Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New; York, NY 10025.
This study determined the prevalence, cellular localization, and content of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated antigens in intestinal mucosa from HIV-infected subjects. Studies were performed in 168 subjects with gastrointestinal, nutritional, or proctologic complaints, and HIV-seronegative controls. The po
Am J Pathol. 1991 Oct;139(4):877-87. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026344
Walsh DG; Horvath CJ; Hansen-Moosa A; MacKey JJ; Sehgal PK; Daniel MD; Desrosiers RC; Ringler DJ; Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England; Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts; 01772-9102.
The control of HIV-1 or SIV replication within macrophages is probably influenced by a variety of viral and cellular factors. Of the cellular factors, the authors have studied cytokine influence on SIV replication in vitro utilizing simian alveolar macrophages and uncloned SIVmacMTV, a macrophage-tropic variant. The a
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1273-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026647
Siegel JE; Weinstein MC; Fineberg HV; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of; Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
BACKGROUND. The growing importance of drug use as a mode of HIV transmission has led to increased attention to AIDS prevention among intravenous drug users (IVDUs). This analysis examines the effectiveness of bleach distribution, a program to prevent HIV transmission via shared needles. METHODS. We used a Markov model
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1280-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026648
Renzullo PO; McNeil JG; Gardner LI; Brundage JF; Department of Epidemiology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.
BACKGROUND. A natural history study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease was carried out among 1575 HIV-infected US Army men and 6220 demographically similar uninfected soldiers. Inpatient morbidity occurring up to 8 years prior to the date of HIV infection diagnosis among those men who became HIV infected wa
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1285-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026649
Solomon L; Frank R; Vlahov D; Astemborski J; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and; Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
BACKGROUND. Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS often have no health insurance or rely on public programs to finance their health care. We examined the independent contributions of HIV serostatus, clinical symptoms, CD4 cell counts, and health insurance to utilizat
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1291-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026650
Celentano DD; Vlahov D; Cohn S; Anthony JC; Solomon L; Nelson KE; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School; of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
BACKGROUND. Shooting galleries, locations where intravenous drug users (IVDUs) can rent or borrow needles and syringes, are a high-risk environment for HIV-1 transmission. This study investigates risk factors for lifetime attendance at shooting galleries and differentiates characteristics of those who continue to freq
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1321-2. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026658
Marks G; Richardson JL; Maldonado N; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern; California, Los Angeles 90033.
Self-disclosure of HIV infection to current sexual partners was examined in 138 seropositive men, mostly lower income Hispanics, from Los Angeles. Forty-five percent had been sexually active since learning their serostatus. Of these, 52% had kept their infection secret from one or more partners. The likelihood of disc
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1323-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026659
Butz A; Hutton N; Larson E; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins; University, Baltimore, MD.
Health characteristics of neonates born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive (n = 63) and HIV seronegative (n = 57) women were compared. No significant differences were found between the two infant groups for sociodemographic characteristics, mode of delivery, Apgar scores, gestational age, growth parame
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1326-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026660
Long R; Scalcini M; Manfreda J; Jean-Baptiste M; Hershfield E; Department of Medicine, Hospital Albert Schweitzer, Haiti.
In a developing country, 289 patients were examined for active pulmonary mycobacterial disease (sputum smear and culture) and HIV infection (serology) to compare the sensitivity and positive predictive value of sputum smears for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with and without antibodies to HIV. Seventy-
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1335-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026663
Kelly JA; Kalichman SC; Kauth MR; Kilgore HG; Hood HV; Campos PE; Rao SM; Brasfield TL; St. Lawrence JS; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Sciences, Medical; College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
While most gay men have reduced behavior practices at high risk for HIV infection, there is growing evidence that many also lapse to unsafe sex. This study examined situational factors related to risk behavior lapses as well as coping strategies used by men who successfully resist lapse urges. A convenience sample of
Cutignola L; Bullough PG; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital For Special Surgery,; New York, New York.
The black-and-white photographic reproduction of the surfaces of anatomic specimens is often difficult due to the uniformity of their color and their natural translucency. The standard illumination for black-and-white gross photographs, which uses white light with a broad range of wavelengths, results in a varying pen
Gignac D; Oermann MH; School of Nursing, University of Windsor, Detroit, MI.
Previous research has indicated that nursing students, along with other health care professionals, have expressed an unwillingness to care for patients with AIDS. The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships among nursing students and faculty members knowledge of AIDS, attitudes toward patients with
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1991;49(4):249-54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027022
Clement JM; Charbit A; Martineau P; O'Callaghan D; Szmelcman S; Leclerc C; Hofnung M; Unite de Programmation Moleculaire et Toxicologie Genetique; (CNRS URA 271), Institut Pasteur, Paris.
The construction of recombinant proteins by genetic engineering has opened new avenues in basic research (studies on protein organization, protein folding, immunogenicity of proteins, ...) and many different applications. Recombinant proteins which keep properties of both parental proteins are especially interesting.
Brudney K; Dobkin J; Department of Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, New; York.
The resurgence of tuberculosis in New York City has been largely attributed to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. However, historical events predating the advent of AIDS and worsening economic and social conditions, including a rise in homelessness, have contributed significantly to the increase.
Perriens JH; Colebunders RL; Karahunga C; Willame JC; Jeugmans J; Kaboto M; Mukadi Y; Pauwels P; Ryder RW; Prignot J; et al; Projet Sida, Bureau National de la Tuberculose, Centre de; Depistage de la Tuberculose, Kinshasa, Zaire.
To evaluate their treatment outcomes 170 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive and 597 HIV seronegative patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treated for 1 yr with standard chemotherapy, including streptomycin, isoniazid, and, in most cases, thiacetazone, were traced at completion of therapy. All
Hoover DR; Graham NM; Bacellar H; Schrager LK; Kaslow R; Visscher B; Murphy R; Anderson R; Saah A; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of; Public Health, Baltimore 21205.
The relationship between self-reported upper respiratory illness symptoms (URI) and human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) was examined in homosexual men using semiannual visits from 1984 to 1988. Temporal and geographic patterns of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosis in these men during the same time
Levine SJ; Masur H; Gill VJ; Feuerstein I; Suffredini AF; Brown D; Lane HC; Yarchoan R; Shelhamer JH; Ognibene FP; Critical Care Medicine, Microbiology Department, Warren G.; Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
This study assessed the effect of aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis on the clinical presentation and diagnostic sensitivity of induced sputum examination for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Between January 1, 1988 and October 27, 1990, 348 induced sputum examinations were performed as the initial diagnostic procedur
Magnenat JL; Nicod LP; Auckenthaler R; Junod AF; Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
Bacterial pneumonia (BP) has recently been reported to be more frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients than in normal hosts. This study reviews the clinical and radiologic manifestations of BP in 132 consecutive pulmonary episodes over a 15-month period. BP was defined on a clinical basis as a
The results of an epidemiological survey in Spain organized by the Spanish Pediatric Association of children born to HIV+ mothers from 1981-1989 are presented. The objectives were, a) to document in the different parts of Spain the number of HIV+ children born to HIV+ mothers, and b
Ann Intern Med. 1991 Nov 15;115(10):760-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027228
Heald A; Flepp M; Chave JP; Malinverni R; Ruttimann S; Gabriel V; Renold C; Sugar A; Hirschel B; Hopital Cantonal Universitaire de Geneve, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether long-term maintenance treatment for toxoplasmosis protects against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Switzerland . PATIENTS: A total of 453 patients with
Ann Intern Med. 1991 Nov 1;115(9):705-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027252
Cello JP; Grendell JH; Basuk P; Simon D; Weiss L; Wittner M; Rood RP; Wilcox CM; Forsmark CE; Read AE; et al; University of California, San Francisco.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of octreotide for treatment of refractory, profuse diarrhea in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). DESIGN: A prospective, open-label study. SETTING: Inpatient metabolic units of four university medical centers. PATIENTS: Fifty-one patients infect
Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1991;142(4):297-302. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027276
Gil R; Breux JP; Neau JP; Becq-Giraudon B; Pinon ML; Preud'homme JL; Jonveaux T; Cazenave-Roblot F; Service de Neurologie, CHU La Miletrie, Poitiers.
Neuropsychological and psychometric investigations have sometimes attested to and sometimes denied the existence of cognitive perturbations during the early phases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (stages II and III of the CDC classification): strictly asymptomatic seropositivity or generalized lymphade
Ann Chir. 1991;45(6):497-501. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027404
Johanet H; Saliou C; Marmuse JP; Benhamou G; Charleux H; Service de Chirurgie generale et digestive, Groupe Hospitalier; Bichat Claude-Bernard, Paris.
Although the tolerance of indwelling catheters in AIDS patients has been evaluated, the complications of implanted devices in this population are unknown. This encouraged us to compare in a prospective unicenter trial, dealing with 80 consecutive implanted devices, the complications of this kind of system in 20 AIDS p
Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1991 May;20(3):362-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027460
Chew SK; Lee HP; Monteiro EH; Sng EH; Communicable Disease Centre, Singapore.
The worldwide occurrence of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) since its advent in the United States in 1981 has resulted in a global dilemma on how best to reduce transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In Singapore , a
Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1991 May;20(3):396-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027467
Eng P; Chew SK; Chan KW; Monteiro E; Department of Medicine 2, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is extremely common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diagnostic techniques vary between different institutions depending on availability of expertise. We have limited experience in the workup and evaluation of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infe
Ann Neurol. 1991 Jul;30(1):104-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027516
Cornblath DR; Chaudhry V; Griffin JW; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is an immune-mediated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy usually treated with immunosuppressants. We reviewed our experience treating 15 patients (9 men, 6 women) with intravenous immunoglobulin. Six patients were on
Krogstad DJ; Eveland MR; Lim LL; Volberding PA; Sadler BM; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,; St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
Twenty-three different laboratories using four different assay methods reported zidovudine (ZDV; azidothymidine) measurements in a double-blind trial of ZDV for asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 019). The risk of false-positive ZDV measurements was defined
Qian MX; Finco TS; Swagler AR; Gallo JM; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of; Georgia, Athens 30602.
Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained for dideoxyinosine (ddI) in monkeys with those obtained for humans indicates that the monkey is an appropriate animal model for ddI pharmacokinetics in humans. Following intravenous administration of 20 mg of ddI per kg of body weight and measurement of ddI in plas
Broughton MC; Queener SF; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University; School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5120.
Pneumocystis carinii was obtained in high yield from the lungs of immunosuppressed rats by rupturing mammalian host cells, washing away the soluble mammalian dihydrofolate reductase, and harvesting intact organisms in association with the mammalian plasma membranes. P. carinii dihydrofolate reductase, measured in the
Soudeyns H; Yao XI; Gao Q; Belleau B; Kraus JL; Nguyen-Ba N; Spira B; Wainberg MA; Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec,; Canada.
We describe a novel nucleoside analog, 2 -deoxy-3 -thiacytidine (BCH-189), in which the 3 carbon of the ribose ring of 2 -deoxycytidine has been replaced by a sulfur atom. In MT-4 T cells, this compound had significant time- and dose-dependent antiviral activity against five different strains of human immunodeficienc
Baba M; Ito M; Shigeta S; Tanaka H; Miyasaka T; Ubasawa M; Umezu K; Walker RT; De Clercq E; Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan.
A novel 6-substituted acyclouridine derivative, 5-ethyl-1-ethoxymethyl-6-(phenylthio)uracil (E-EPU), has recently proved to be a highly potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro. Combinations of 3 -azido-2 ,3 -dideoxythymidine (
Yajko DM; Nassos PS; Sanders CA; Hadley WK; Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital; Medical Center, University of California 94110.
Measurements of the activities of antimicrobial agents against the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) usually do not take into consideration the intracellular location of the organism. A recent study using mouse macrophage continuous cell line J774 (D. M. Yajko, P.S. Nassos, C. A. Sanders, and W. K. Hadley, Am. Rev. Re
Buss PW; McCabe M; Jones ER; Department of Child Health, University of Wales, College of; Medicine, Llandough Hospital, Penarth, Cardiff.
There is a recent upsurge of interest among health care professionals regarding the risk of accidental occupational exposure to HIV virus. We evaluated knowledge of virus carriage prevalence, needlestick injuries, venepuncture practices, and glove use among paediatricians in Wales and South West Regional Health Author
Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1991 Jun;71(2):81-113. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92028008
Goeman J; Meheus A; Piot P; Centre Collaborateur OMS sur le SIDA, Institut de Medecine; Tropicale, Antwerpen, Belgique.
Recent developments in the epidemiology of sexual transmitted diseases (STD) in developing countries are reviewed. STD are very frequent in the tropics, particularly in large urban areas. They put a heavy burden on public health because they affect the economically most important age groups and because their sequellae
Allen UD; Guerriere M; Read SE; Detsky AS; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto,; Ontario, Canada.
A decision analysis was conducted to examine whether health care workers should receive short-term (42 days) zidovudine treatment following percutaneous exposure to blood, as well as to determine the value of testing donor (patient s) blood. Three alternative options were analyzed: treat all, treat none, and test. In
Sullivan MT; Williams AE; Fang CT; Grandinetti T; Poiesz BJ; Ehrlich GD; American Red Cross Blood Services, Rockville, MD 20855.
We studied results of a lookback program involving laboratory testing and interviews of 133 recipients of prior donations from blood donors seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II) identified at 28 American Red Cross blood centers. The study was designed to explore the natural course of p
Kelen GD; Green GB; Hexter DA; Fortenberry DC; Taylor E; Fleetwood DH; Sivertson KT; Division of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University; School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Seven months following the introduction of an institutional policy mandating compliance with universal precautions (UPs), we observed 127 health care workers performing 1421 interventions on 155 critically ill and injured patients in an emergency department setting in July 1989. Results were compared with a similar st
Green SL; Haggerty PG; Hale DD; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Hampton Roads,; Norfolk, VA.
Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus frequently experience difficulty finding medical care from private physicians. Fear of occupational exposure, prejudice, lack of knowledge, and financial loss have all been cited as reasons for the reluctance of primary care physicians to accept patients with acqu
Sliwa JA; Smith JC; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Northwestern University; Medical School, Chicago, IL.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is globally fatal; before death, it often causes a multitude of medical complications leading to significant physical impairment and functional loss. Specifically, the neuropathology associated with AIDS can be diverse, and it ranges from inconsequential cerebrovascular insult
Burke EC; Orloff SL; Freise CE; Macho JR; Schecter WP; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco.
Medical records of 52 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who underwent a total of 80 anorectal operations from January 1985 to January 1990 were retrospectively reviewed to determined whether anorectal surgical wounds healed in HIV-infected patients and the mean survival time of these patients after
Gerein AN; Brumwell ML; Lawson LM; Chan NH; Montaner JS; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,; Canada.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may cause severe alveolar damage, resulting in pneumothoraces that are often bilateral, recurrent, and refractory to accepted methods of treatment. The clinical features, management, and follow-up results were assessed in 22 consecutiv
Schatzl H; Gelderblom HR; Nitschko H; von der Helm K; Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institut, Universitat Munchen, Federal; Republic of Germany.
Newly developed substrate analogue peptidomimetics are able to inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1 proteinase at nanomolar concentration. In HIV infected cell culture they exhibit antiviral activity. We have analyzed the non-infectious HIV particles produced in chronically HIV infected cell culture in pres
Sequential virus isolates from an HIV-1-infected woman treated orally with 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) for over two years showed a 10-fold reduced sensitivity for AZT after 8 months and a 100-fold resistance after 24-32 months of drug therapy. Th
Prakash K; Hodinka RL; Hullihen DM; Plotkin SA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Infectious molecular clones of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been very important tools for the analysis of regulatory gene functions and the study of differential cell tropism. We have cloned and characterized a proviral sequence of HIVmn from mn strain infected H9 cells. This clone, called KP1, was foun
Kim SG; Suzuki Y; Nakashima H; Yamamoto N; Takaku H; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Chiba Institute of; Technology, Japan.
The modifications of oligodeoxyribonucleotides include replacement of the other chain either all-PS (S-ODNs), or end-capped with several PS (SO-ODNs) groups at both 3 - and 5 -ends. A general synthesis of phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxyribonucleotides is described using the new phosphite. In assays of HIV, ol
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Oct 15;180(1):181-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92028935
Raju B; Deshpande MS; Rational Drug Design, Boston University Medical Center, MA 02118.
Substrates of HIV-1 protease are classified into three groups (A, B and C) based on the amino acid residues present at P1 and P2 sites. Replacement of the scissile amide bond by phenylnorstatine in representative substrate analog sequences from class A, B and C, yielded inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. Of the twelve in
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Oct 15;180(1):187-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92028936
Raju B; Deshpande MS; Rational Drug Design, Boston University Medical Center, MA 02118.
A series of inhibitors containing all possible isomers of 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid was synthesized and tested for inhibition of HIV-1 protease. Incorporation of the (3S,4S) isomer of the t-butyloxycarbonyl protected amino acid into the sequence Glu-Phe resulted in a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (
Jyranoja BD; Lund T; Lea T; Laland SG; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oslo, Norway.
The results demonstrate that the HMG I protein is expressed in human quiescent T lymphocytes and hence is not dependent upon proliferation or neoplastic transformation. Furthermore it has been found that the HMG I/histone H1 ratio increase about two-fold after activation with phytohemagglutinin and was about the same
Erice A; Rhame FS; Heussner RC; Dunn DL; Balfour HH Jr; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota Health; Sciences Center, Minneapolis 55455.
Five recipients of solid-organ transplants who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were studied at the University of Minnesota, and our data were compared with data from 83 reported cases of HIV-infected recipients of solid organs from other centers. Sixty-six of the 88 patients were seronegative for
Blood. 1991 Oct 15;78(8):1919-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92003940
de Biasi R; Rocino A; Miraglia E; Mastrullo L; Quirino AA; Divisione di Ematologia-Centro di Medicina Sociale per; l'Emofilia, Ospedale Nuovo Pellegrini, Naples, Italy.
Pathophysiologic considerations as well as non-comparative clinical results suggest that very high purity concentrates may slow immunologic deterioration in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected hemophiliacs. In an attempt to evaluate this hypothesis, we prospectively compared CD4 cell counts, skin testing respo
Wooley PH; Whalen JD; Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University Medical; School, Detroit, Michigan 48202.
Pristane injection caused mediastinal lymphadenopathy in arthritis-susceptible DBA/1 mice, but not in arthritis-resistant DBA/2 mice. Early DBA/1 mediastinal lymph node changes were characterized by the accumulation of surface Ig+ cells and a CD8+ (Lyt 2) lymphocyte population, causing an inversion of the CD4/CD8 rati
The human and social costs of the human immunodeficiency virus are mounting rapidly in the U.S. and abroad. It is likely that this disease will help catapult us into health care reform in the current decade. Hopefully, health services research on HIV disease will contribute to the debate on what the nature of this ref
Hellinger FJ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, U.S. Department of; Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852.
This is the first paper to forecast the cost of medical care for all people with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previous studies have concentrated on the cost of treating people with AIDS (PWAs). It is estimated that the average cost of treating a person with HIV without AIDS is $5,150 per year, and that the
Paringer L; Phillips KA; Hu TW; Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics,; California State University, Hayward 94542.
This study examines the determinants of an individual s decision to be tested for HIV infection. Using data from the 1988 AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Survey we develop and test a conceptual model of the factors that impact the testing decision. We estimate the impact that individuals risk characteristics, sociodemog
McKay NL; Phillips KM; Department of Health Care Administration, Trinity University, San; Antonio, TX 78212.
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of mandatory premarital testing for HIV. We incorporate new evidence about the assumptions underlying an economic evaluation of premarital testing, use standard methods of program evaluation (cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis), and carefully evaluate h
Kass NE; Faden RR; Fox R; Dudley J; Program in Law, Ethics and Health, Johns Hopkins University,; Baltimore, MD 21205.
In this study we analyze information on self-reported health insurance coverage, HIV screening by insurers, and loss of health insurance. We distributed questionnaires to gay male participants in the Baltimore and Los Angeles sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and to leukemia patients and gay AIDS patients see
Jimenez B; Pizon V; Lerosey I; Beranger F; Tavitian A; de Gunzburg J; INSERM U-248 Faculte de Medecine Lariboisiere-St. Louis,; Paris, France.
Ras oncogenes encode 21-kDa (p21s) GTP binding proteins that are capable of transforming immortalized cells in culture. The ras-related rap1A/Krev-1/smgp21A protein, that exhibits a similar structural organization and contains the same effector domain as ras proteins, antagonizes ras-transformation. In order to invest
J Immunol. 1991 Nov 1;147(9):3145-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013145
Perez VL; Rowe T; Justement JS; Butera ST; June CH; Folks TM; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease; Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
A chronically HIV-1-infected T cell clone (J1.1) derived from Jurkat cells was developed that possesses defects in CD3 signaling. This clone was phenotypically determined to be CD4- and express a reduced surface density of CD3 as compared with a pool of uninfected Jurkat clones. Although J1.1 could be induced with TNF
Dietrich W; Spannagl M; Schramm W; Vogt W; Barankay A; Richter JA; Institute for Anesthesiology, German Heart Center, Munich.
The effect of preoperative anticoagulant therapy on intraoperative heparin response in patients undergoing cardiac operations was examined in a prospective study. The study included 45 patients with different preoperative anticoagulant treatments: 10 patients received treatment with phenprocoumon (a warfarin analogue)
It is proved by survey results and increasing incidence of HIV infections that general sexual behaviour did not change appreciably, although the knowledge about AIDS was distinctly improved by educational campaigns. Preventive strategies to cause changes in behaviour must be based on empirical suppositions, and must b
Exner M; Gornik V; Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets, Gelsenkirchen, Fachbereich; Umwelt- und Krankenhaushygiene.
Within the past few years, microorganisms of the Genus Cryptosporidium have been recognized as an important pathogen to humans. A possible mode of transmission is represented by the presence of Cryptosporidium-oocysts in water. Meanwhile several outbreaks of diarrheal illness caused by the contamination of drinking wa
In the tradition of a dual morality in respect of the satisfaction of male desire throughout history, the prostitute is blamed for the infection and spread of sexually transmitted diseases; discriminated against by society; and criminalized by law. The institutional survey and care of prostitutes has been performed in
Alexandre C; Charnay P; Verrier B; Unite Mixte 103 CNRS-BioMerieux, Ecole Normale Superieure de; Lyon, France.
The HTLV-1 Tax protein has been shown to induce the expression of host cellular genes, some of which play crucial roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. We have examined the effect of Tax on the expression of two immediate-early genes, Krox-20 and Krox-24, which encode transcription factors. Several HTLV-1-i
Montz FJ; Fowler JM; Farias-Eisner R; Nash TJ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of; California-Los Angeles, School of Medicine 90024-1740.
Blunt needles have been developed that are easily used in fascial closures while limiting penetrating cutaneous injury to the surgeon and the operating staff. These needles offer the surgeon further protection from inadvertent exposure to blood borne pathogens.
Am Fam Physician. 1991 Oct;44(4):1343-58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92025801
Mathews DS; Pust RE; Cordes DH; Preventive Medicine Unit, University of Arizona Health Sciences; Center, Tucson.
Traveler s diarrhea, malaria, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and jet lag are among the issues for the traveler preparing for a trip to or returning from developing countries. With appropriate measures, most travel-related diseases can be prevented. Diarrheal diseases, schistosomiasis, sexually transmitted diseases
Lynch WP; Czub S; McAtee FJ; Hayes SF; Portis JL; Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain; Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious; Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840.
We have examined the pathological lesions and sites of infection in mice inoculated with a highly neurovirulent recombinant wild mouse ecotropic retrovirus (FrCasE). The spongiform lesions appeared initially as swollen postsynaptic neuronal processes, progressing to swelling in neuronal cell bodies, all in the absence
Musculoskeletal conditions occurring in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection are becoming increasingly well documented. Arthritis with features of Reiter s syndrome or psoriatic arthritis has been further studied; an association with HLA-B27 but not with HLA antigens chemically associated with psori
Moreland LW; Koopman WJ; University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine.
The etiology of most rheumatic tissues is unknown; however, recent investigation into this area is rapidly providing new clues to the pathogenesis of many of these diseases. This article reviews several infectious agents (Epstein-Barr virus, parvoviruses, and mycobacteria) and the data supporting their roles in the et
Lopez-Elzaurdia C; Fraga J; Sols M; Burgos E; Sanchez Garcia M; Garcia-Diez A; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital de la Princesa,; Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain.
Whatley JD; Thin RN; Mumtaz G; Ridgway GL; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital,; London, UK.
Azithromycin is a novel azalide macrolide active against Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. High persistent tissue concentrations allow short courses or even single doses to be considered. Sixty-two patients were studied, 19 received azithromycin 1 g in a single dose, 22 received azithromycin 500 mg in
McKinnon KJ; Ford RM; Hunter JC; Sydney STD Centre, Sydney Hospital, Australia.
Two hundred and forty-five women consecutively attending a large city Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Centre had routine cervical screening performed by both the Pap smear and, in addition, a Cervigram. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection, CIN and cervical cancer in an STD popula
Woolley PD; Lacey HB; Helsen K; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital,; Sheffield, UK.
In a prospective study to identify the viral type isolated from women undergoing screening for herpes simplex virus (HSV) during pregnancy using fluoroscine-labelled monoclonal antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2, HSV-2 was more likely to be isolated during the third trimester and was the only viral type isolated at term. A
An Med Interna. 1991 May;8(5):243-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92002728
Carcaba V; Rodriguez Junquera M; Garcia Amorin Z; Carton JA; Maradona JA; Arribas JM; Unidad de Infecciones, Hospital Covadonga, Universidad de Oviedo.
2 cases of simultaneous acute infection caused by HIV and CV that showed clinical features of infectious mononucleosis with spontaneous resolution and good evolution is presented. After 12 months following them up, both are symptom free carriers of HIV and without clinical features of CV infection. These cases had a g
Semin Cancer Biol. 1991 Feb;2(1):63-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92003728
Masucci MG; Klein E; Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,; Sweden.
Burkitt s lymphoma (BL) is a highly malignant B cell tumor characterized by three types of chromosomal translocation which constitutively activate the c-myc oncogene by juxtaposing it to Ig coding sequences. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, hyperendemic malaria and HIV-caused immunosuppression are thought to contri
Blood. 1991 Oct 15;78(8):1963-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92003947
Linenberger ML; Shelton GH; Persik MT; Abkowitz JL; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Anemia and neutropenia often develop in cats that are infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a lentivirus biologically similar to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To assess the role of FIV in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities, marrow culture studies were performed on nine asymptomatic, hem
Rosenfeld SJ; Young NS; Biology Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Many agents are associated with bone marrow failure, including toxins, inherited metabolic defects, ionizing radiation, and viral infection. In most cases, the etiologic agent is unknown. Many of these unclassified cases have symptomatic, immunologic, or epidemiologic similarities to viral infections. Viruses from dif
Davidson T; Allen-Mersh TG; Miles AJ; Gazzard B; Wastell C; Vipond M; Stotter A; Miller RF; Fieldman NR; Slack WW; Surgical Unit, Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
The presentation, operative management and final diagnosis were reviewed in 28 patients with AIDS (27 men and one woman) who underwent emergency laparotomy. On clinical and radiological examination, six patients showed features of toxic megacolon, five patients had small bowel obstruction, six patients had localized p
Cancer. 1991 Nov 1;68(9):1954-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92005303
Lee SH; Su IJ; Chen RL; Lin KS; Lin DT; Chuu WM; Lin KS; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital,; Taipei, Republic of Taiwan.
The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic and immunologic features of 65 consecutive cases of childhood lymphoma reported between 1980 and 1989. Southern blot hybridization was also performed in 23 cases to study their association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (H
Kapembwa MS; Fleming SC; Sewankambo N; Serwadda D; Lucas S; Moody A; Griffin GE; Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St George's; Hospital Medical School, London.
1. Small-intestine integrity in Caucasian and African patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus was determined by measuring the permeation across the mucosa of two sugars, lactulose and mannitol. 2. The sugars were assayed by h.p.l.c. and pulsed amperometric detection in 6 h urine samples. Stool microscopy f
Jimenez ML; Aspa J; Padilla B; Ancochea J; Gonzalez A; Fraga J; Santos I; Martinez R; Gomez Herruz P; Lopez-Brea M; Department of Microbiology, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid,; Spain.
In a prospective study the efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy was evaluated in the diagnosis of infections with opportunistic pathogens, Kaposi s sarcoma and nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in 171 episodes of pneumonitis in 151 HIV-infected patients. Samples were collected by suction through the inner aspiration
Araujo FG; Shepard RM; Remington JS; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Research; Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, California 94301.
The macrolide antibiotics azithromycin, roxithromycin and spiramycin were examined in parallel for in vivo activity against Toxoplasma gondii. Azithromycin was considerably more active in protecting mice against death due to acute toxoplasmosis even when the other two antibiotics were used at twice its dose. The highe
Chaffin KE; Perlmutter RM; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington,; Seattle 98195.
Although it is well known that essentially all peripheral T cells are derived from bone marrow progenitors that mature in the thymus, the mechanism whereby thymocytes gain access to peripheral compartments is obscure. We have learned that this process is sensitive to pertussis toxin (PT). Transgenic lck-PT mice were g
Southam JC; Felix DH; Wray D; Cubie HA; Department of Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology, University of; Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Hairy leukoplakia is a recently described oral mucosal condition seen in immunosuppressed individuals, usually in association with HIV infection, when it is thought to be a sign of decreasing immunocompetence. It probably results from reactivation of infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and usually presents as bilate
Sonnex C; Scholefield JH; Kocjan G; Kelly G; Whatrup C; Mindel A; Northover JM; Academic Department of Genitourinary Medicine, University; College, Middlesex Hospital School of Medicine, London.
OBJECTIVE--To compare anal cytology, colposcopy and DNA hybridisation as methods of detecting anal HPV infection. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN--Patients attending: (1) a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic with ano-genital warts; (2) a surgical out-patient department with anal fissure or haemorrhoids were examined for evidence
O'Farrell N; Hoosen AA; Coetzee KD; van den Ende J; City Health STD Department, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban,; South Africa.
OBJECTIVE--To study the microbial aetiology of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in women. DESIGN--Microbial and clinical assessment of genital ulcers in women. SETTING--City Health sexually transmitted diseases clinic, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa . PARTICIPANTS--100
O'Farrell N; Hoosen AA; Coetzee KD; van den Ende J; City Health STD Department, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban,; South Africa.
OBJECTIVE--To study the microbial aetiology of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in men. DESIGN--Microbiological and clinical assessment of genital ulcers in men. SETTING--City Health sexually transmitted diseases clinic, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa . PARTICIPANTS--10
Kell PD; Smith DE; Barton SE; Midgley J; Samarasinghe PL; Gazzard BG; Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St. Stephen's Clinic &; Westminster Hospital.
A patient with AIDS presented with a fever, shortness of breath and a productive cough. A provisional diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was made; however, blood cultures and bone marrow examination revealed disseminated infection with Histoplasmosis capsulatum. This was treated by itraconazole with initial s
Int J Cancer. 1991 Oct 21;49(4):551-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92010377
Iyengar S; Levine PH; Ablashi D; Neequaye J; Pearson GR; Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington, DC.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed against immunodominant HHV-6 (GS isolate) late and early proteins. The major late protein was identified as a probable glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa (gp 110). Immunoblotting of the early antigen yielded proteins of 41 and 38 kDa (p41/38). The
Long EO; Rosen-Bronson S; Karp DR; Malnati M; Sekaly RP; Jaraquemada D; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland.
cDNA expression vectors with several useful features were constructed. First, the long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus was used as a promoter to obtain high levels of expression in various cells of human and mouse origin. Second, cis-linked expression units that confer resistance either to mycophenolic acid or t
Smith KJ; Skelton HG 3d; James WD; Angritt P; Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of; Dermatopathology, Washington, DC 20306.
Although cytomegalovirus has previously been reported in cutaneous lesions of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, these reports are not common despite the prevalence of this infection and the significant pathologic characteristics that it induces in HIV disease
Ciesielski C; Gooch B; Hammett T; Metler R; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.; 30333.
With about a million people in the United States infected with HIV, health care providers increasingly will encounter infected patients. To minimize transmission in the workplace, recommended infection control measures, including universal precautions, should be followed strictly.
Johnson GK; Nolan T; Wuh HC; Robinson WS; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of; Medicine, California 94305-5107.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of various latex and treated glove combinations in reducing the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of tissue culture cells after puncture by surgical needles contaminated with infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). DESIGN: One, two, or three layers
French PD; Birchall MA; Harris JR; Middlesex Hospital, London.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) is a common opportunistic infection in both iatrogenic and HIV-induced immunosuppression. The usual sites of involvement are the gastro-intestinal tract, retina and lung. We present three cases of CMV ulceration of the oropharynx. All three
Sakurai M; Taneda A; Nagoya H; Sekikawa K; Biophysics Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Health,; Ibaraki, Japan.
The p34tax protein [p38tax, p34, p38(XBL), XBL-I] of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) activates transcription from the BLV long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. To analyse the functional properties of this protein, inframe insertions and internal deletions were systematically introduced in a plasmid-encoded copy of the p34
Boucquey D; Sindic CJ; Lamy M; Delmee M; Tomasi JP; Laterre EC; Neurology Department, Saint Luc Hospital, Catholic University of; Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical files of 45 Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) patients admitted to our Department between 1979 and 1989. The age distribution was bimodal with a first peak in young adults (20-40 years), and a second one between 60 to 70 years. Seasonal distribution showed a late fall and a hiverna
Arzeni D; Barchiesi F; Ancarani F; Scalise G; Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Universita degli Studi di; Ancona, Ospedale Umberto I., Italy.
We compared in-vitro activity of fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole by evaluating their Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) for 100 fungal strains isolated from different biological specimens of ARC/AIDS patients. A semisolid agar medium was used: this method is suitable for testing molds and yeasts, and
D'Antonio D; Iacone A; Fioritoni G; Dell'Isola M; Mastropasqua L; Lobefalo L; De Nicola GC; Paolone V; Di Gregorio P; Recchia A; et al; Cattedre di Ematologia, Universita degli Studi G. D'Annunzio,; Chieti, Italy.
Five immunocompromised patients, four with AIDS and one who had undergone bone marrow transplantation, showing ocular signs of cytomegalovirus retinitis, were treated with 9-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxymethyl) guanine (Ganciclovir), given intravenously at the dose of 5 mg/kg
Monaghan P; Provan I; Murray C; Mackey DW; Van der Wall H; Walker BM; Jones PD; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney,; Australia.
Technegas, an ultra-fine dry aerosol with prolonged retention in the lungs, can be modified by altering the atmosphere in which the carbon particles are generated. The modified Technegas has much faster clearance from the lung. The half-time pulmonary clearances with modified Technegas were compared to those obtained
Maldarelli F; Martin MA; Strebel K; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of; Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
cis-acting inhibitory region (IR) sequences were identified within the gag/pol gene of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by using a novel feedback-stimulated, rev-independent tat reporter gene to screen HIV-1 sequences in transient expression assays. Two regions, a 1,295-nucleotide segment in the gag gen
Knowles DP Jr; Cheevers WP; McGuire TC; Brassfield AL; Harwood WG; Stem TA; USDA Agricultural Research Service Animal Disease Research Unit,; College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University,; Pullman 99164-7040.
To define the structure of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) env gene and characterize genetic changes which occur during antigenic variation, we sequenced the env genes of CAEV-63 and CAEV-Co, two antigenic variants of CAEV defined by serum neutralization. The deduced primary translation product of the
Roller RJ; Roizman B; Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, University of; Chicago, Illinois 60637.
The US11 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encodes a site-specific, basic, RNA-binding protein. The viral RNA sequences bound by US11 protein precipitated by a monoclonal antibody hybridized to a 1.3-kb BamHI C fragment of the HSV-1 genome. This fragment encodes a US11-regulated transcript which accumulates to h
Burstein H; Bizub D; Skalka AM; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research,; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111.
Assembly and maturation of retroviral particles requires the aggregation and controlled proteolytic cleavage of polyprotein core precursors by a precursor-encoded protease (PR). Active, mature retroviral PR is a dimer, and the accumulation of precursors at sites of assembly may facilitate subunit interaction and subse
Oyaizu N; Chirmule N; Ohnishi Y; Kalyanaraman VS; Pahwa S; Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital-Cornell; University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030.
Polyclonal B-cell activation is a characteristic feature of AIDS and of the AIDS-related complex. Since the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a major role in inducing B-cell differentiation, we examined the effects of native human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp160
Nakamine H; Okano M; Taguchi Y; Pirruccello SJ; Davis JR; Beisel KW; Kleveland K; Sanger WG; Fordyce RR; Purtilo DT; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha.
The anatomical distribution, morphology, and clonality, of non-Hodgkin s lymphomas in immunocompromised patients are usually distinctly different from NHL occurring in the general population. Mosier DE, Gulizia RJ, Baird SM, Wilson DB: Nature (London) 335:256, 1988 have described lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) of
Tobinai K; Ohtsu T; Hayashi M; Kinoshita T; Matsuno Y; Mukai K; Shimoyama M; Hematology-Oncology and Medical Oncology Division, National; Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
A Japanese patient with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) showed a disease progression from the smoldering type to the chronic type and finally to the acute type. The patient was variously treated, including 2 -deoxycoformycin, with some beneficial effects. During the chronic type he developed a composite lymphoma
Medicine (Baltimore). 1991 Sep;70(5):326-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92017211
McKenzie R; Travis WD; Dolan SA; Pittaluga S; Feuerstein IM; Shelhamer J; Yarchoan R; Masur H; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
The clinical records and autopsy data of 75 patients dying with AIDS were reviewed to determine the frequency of individual diseases diagnosed premortem and postmortem, the significance of pulmonary processes found in the lungs at autopsy, and the clinical and pathologic causes of death. Cytomegalovirus (
Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl). 1991;180(3):127-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92017403
Sandhoff T; Kleim JP; Schneweis KE; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany.
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) can be regularly isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children suffering from exanthema subitum, but only rarely from PBMC of adults. Although the high prevalence of HHV-6 infection in early childhood seems to result from cell-free infectious virus shedded in saliva of
The Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors (ASTPHLD), CDC, and other organizations (e.g., American Red Cross [ARC] and Consortium for Retrovirus Serology Standardization [CRSS]) have recommended for antibody testing to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that duplicate repeat r
Brandau DT; Lawson EQ; Schubert CF; Day NK; Matsuno K; Middaugh CR; University of Iowa Hospital, Department of Radiology, Iowa City; 52242.
Cryoimmunoglobulins are associated with numerous clinical problems ranging from collagen vascular disorders (rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus) to infectious processes including HIV infection. The precise role of cryoglobulins in the pathophysiology of these disorders remains unresolved. Although c
Infections with EBV are of increasing importance in pediatrics. Molecular and immunological methods have led to important advances in our understanding of the biological properties of this virus and the immunological consequences to its host. EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders mainly arise in immunodeficient
NIDA Res Monogr. 1991;106:63-92. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92018145
Price RH; Burke AC; D'Aunno TA; Klingel DM; McCaughrin WC; Rafferty JA; Vaughn TE; University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor; 48106-1248.
Angelichio ML; Beck JA; Johansen H; Ivey-Hoyle M; Department of Gene Expression Sciences, SmithKline Beecham; Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406.
We have directly compared the ability of four promoters and three polyadenylation (poly(A)) signals to direct heterologous gene expression in stably transfected Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. We compared two constitutive Drosophila promoters, the actin 5C distal promoter and the alpha 1-tubulin promoter, with the t
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8332-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020847
Becker J; Leser U; Marschall M; Langford A; Jilg W; Gelderblom H; Reichart P; Wolf H; Abteilung fur zahnarztliche Chirurgie/Oralchirurgie Freie; Universitat, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immediate early gene product BZLF1 was localized by indirect immunofluorescence to the cytoplasm of the basal epithelial layer at the lateral border and dorsum of tongue in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -seronegative patients. Two biopsies of oral hairy leukoplakia revealed a s
Tinelli M; Parea M; Maccabruni A; Tacconi F; Istituto di Malattie infettive, IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo,; Pavia.
We report the follow-up and treatment of HCMV infections in three patients with AIDS. The patients, affected by HCMV retinitis, have been followed 24, 12 and 6 months respectively. The antiviral treatment was based on the DHPG administration which was substituted in one case of resistance to DHPG with Foscarnet. In th
Wolfs TF; Zwart G; Bakker M; Valk M; Kuiken CL; Goudsmit J; Human Retrovirus Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam,; The Netherlands.
In a study on the evolution of genomic diversity of HIV-1, genomic RNA was isolated from serum of two individuals. Starting at the time of primary infection we collected six samples of serum from each patient over a period of 5 years. Ninety-four cDNA clones (50 of patient 1 and 44 of patient 495) of part of the envel
Rice AP; Chan F; Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine,; Houston, Texas 77030.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a transactivator protein, known as Tat, that stimulates transcription directed by the HIV-1 long terminal repeat sequences. Tat appears to bind directly to the TAR RNA element present at the 5 end of nascent HIV-1 transcripts and thereby stimulates the activity of t
Sakuragi J; Fukasawa M; Shibata R; Sakai H; Kawamura M; Akari H; Kiyomasu T; Ishimoto A; Hayami M; Adachi A; Department of Viral Oncology, Kyoto University, Japan.
The promoter activity of long terminal repeats (LTRs) of four strains of the simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from African green monkeys (SIVAGM) was compared with those of various LTRs derived from the other representative primate lentiviruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), type 2 (HIV-2), SIV fr
Crane SE; Kanda P; Clements JE; Division of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School; of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Visna virus, a lentivirus of sheep, causes fusion of susceptible cells. Fusion has previously been shown to be mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein. The transmembrane protein of visna virus contains a hydrophobic region at its amino terminus. This region is similar to the fusion epitopes of the orthomyxoviruses
We developed a photodynamic method to inactivate viruses in human fresh plasma. Single plasma bags were illuminated with visible light in the presence of low doses of phenothiazine dyes like methylene blue or toluidine blue. By this treatment the infectivity of different enveloped viruses including the causative agent
Several studies have demonstrated diminished gonadal or adrenal function in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We have evaluated gonadal and adrenal function in 18 unselected ambulatory patients seropositive for HIV and clinically categorized as asymptomatic (n = 6), AIDS-related complex (A
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1307-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026653
Perucci CA; Davoli M; Rapiti E; Abeni DD; Forastiere F; Epidemiology Unit, Regional Health Authority, Rome, Italy.
A historical cohort study was carried out in Rome to examine overall and cause-specific mortality among intravenous drug users (IVDUs). A total of 4200 IVDUs (3411 men and 789 women) enrolled in methadone treatment centers between 1980 and 1988 were studied. There were 239 deaths during the follow-up period. The overa
Ann Intern Med. 1991 Nov 15;115(10):764-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027229
Eyster ME; Alter HJ; Aledort LM; Quan S; Hatzakis A; Goedert JJ; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical; Center, PA 17033.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in female sexual partners of multitransfused men with hemophilia and to compare the frequency of transmission of HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional measurement of HCV and HIV antibodies. SETTING: Ten
Ann Intern Med. 1991 Nov 1;115(9):665-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027246
Palestine AG; Polis MA; De Smet MD; Baird BF; Falloon J; Kovacs JA; Davey RT; Zurlo JJ; Zunich KM; Davis M; et al; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National; Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate foscarnet sodium in treating cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Patients: Twenty-four previously untreated persons with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis who were at low risk for loss of their visual acuity. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly
Ann Neurol. 1991 Jul;30(1):110-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027518
Lipton SA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Recent evidence in vitro has suggested that neuronal injury observed in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex may depend, at least in part, on toxic effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein, gp120. This laboratory previously reported tha
Patel SS; Szebeni J; Wahl LM; Weinstein JN; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Dipyridamole, a commonly used coronary vasodilator and antithrombotic drug, was recently shown to potentiate the activity of 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine and 2 ,3 -dideoxycytidine against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in human monocyte-macrophages in vitro. We report in the present paper that in uninfe
Perronne C; Gikas A; Truffot-Pernot C; Grosset J; Vilde JL; Pocidalo JJ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; Unite 13, Hopital Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
The activities of sparfloxacin, azithromycin, temafloxacin, and rifapentine against two virulent strains of the Mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients with AIDS were evaluated in a model of intracellular infection and were compared with that of clarithromycin. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were infect
Aust Vet J. 1991 Jul;68(7):230-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92028627
Dimmock CK; Chung YS; MacKenzie AR; Department of Primary Industries, Animal Research Institute,; Yeerongpilly, Queensland.
Natural transmission of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection in south-eastern Queensland dairy herds was slow in 2 herds with a low to moderate (13 to 22%) prevalence of infection. Infection spread much more rapidly in a herd that had a higher prevalence (42%) when first tested. In a 13 month study of this herd, the
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Oct 15;180(1):423-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92028975
Milner PG; Department of Medicine, Jewish Hospital, Washington University; Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Transformation of normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK) by the simian sarcoma virus (SSV) occurs as a result of expression of p28v-sis, a homologue of platelet-derived growth factor-B chain. Chromatographic separation revealed that the bulk (85%) of the mitogenic activity in SSV-transformed NRK cells was not due to p28v
Janossy G; Dept of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free Hospital School of; Medicine, London, UK.
As it has become clear that HIV causes a progressive breakdown in immune competence that can be precisely measured, the introduction of diagnostic tests in placebo-controlled clinical trials has taken on a new importance. The task for clinical immunologists, namely to standardize these techniques through international
New Biol. 1991 Jun;3(6):531-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92001866
Imperiale MJ; DeZazzo JD; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan; Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0620.
The primary transcripts encoded by retroelements contain two polyadenylation [poly(A)] sites, positioned 5 and 3 of the protein-coding sequences. To ensure efficient gene expression in these systems, a mechanism must operate that suppresses use of the 5 site, enhances use of the 3 site, or both. These possibilitie
Tan D; Fein PA; Jorden A; Avram MM; Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11201.
Although conventional wisdom advises removal of the Tenckhoff catheter as part of the therapy for tuberculous peritonitis, there are a few recent reports of cases successfully treated while maintaining the patients on CAPD. We wish to report three cases treated without interrupting CAPD. In two of the patients, cultur
Katoh T; Yamauchi K; Hayashi N; Obata H; Division of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.
Both CD4 and CD8 T cells are subdivided into two phenotypically distinct sublineages via another two T cell markers, Leu-8 and CD11b antigens. The proportions of these four T cell subsets, CD4+Leu8+, CD4+Leu8-, CD8+11b+ and CD8+11b-, were studied in patients with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and compared
Blood. 1991 Oct 15;78(8):2082-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92003963
Shinzato O; Ikeda S; Momita S; Nagata Y; Kamihira S; Nakayama E; Shiku H; Department of Oncology, Hematology, Nagasaki University School of; Medicine, Japan.
A semiquantitative estimation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) integration by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed. Genomic DNA samples derived from 134 HTLV-I carriers were subjected to 40 or 60 cycles of the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the pol region of HTLV-I. The HTLV-I gen
Hofmann B; Nishanian P; Fahey JL; Esmail I; Jackson AL; Detels R; Cumberland W; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Immunology and Disease; (CIRID), ULCA School of Medicine, University of California; 90024-1747.
Lymphocyte activation induces production of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) which is a large portion of the CD25 membrane molecule and which is detectable in serum. Serum sIL-2R is reported here to increase as a direct effect of the HIV infection and not to be due to se
Lertora JJ; Rege AB; Lacour JT; Ferencz N; George WJ; VanDyke RB; Agrawal KC; Hyslop NE Jr; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine,; New Orleans, LA 70112.
Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of the antiviral agent ribavirin were studied in seven male, asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive subjects. After a single 400 mg intravenous infusion, mean terminal plasma half-life (t1/2) was 27.1 hours, mean volume of distribution was 802 L, and mean
Gmunder H; Eck HP; Droge W; Institute of Immunology and Genetics, German Cancer Research; Center, Heidelberg.
In order to determine whether the cysteine requirement of human T lineage cells is met primarily by extracellular cysteine or by cystine, amino-acid-transport activities were measured in resting and mitogenically stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and several human T cell clones and T cell tumors. The
Hauser L; Sheehan P; Simpkins H; Department of Pathology, SUNY (Downstate), Brooklyn 11203.
An acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient who was treated with pentamidine for a pneumocystis infection developed hypoglycemia followed by diabetes mellitus. The pathologic findings in the pancreas consisted of a significant decrease in the number of insulin-positive cells as measured by immunoperoxidase technique
Gill S; Tang A; Cordery M; Spacey B; Kelly G; Bateman NT; Barlow D; Department of GU Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital, London.
Reduction of HIV p24 antigenaemia by zidovudine was investigated in 34 HIV antibody-positive, asymptomatic patients in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Zidovudine was shown to lower p24 antigen levels as effectively when administered twice daily as when administered four times daily. Serum levels
Axberg I; Gale MJ Jr; Afar B; Clark EA; Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington,; Seattle 98195.
In order to characterize macaque T-lymphocyte subsets, we used a chromophore from a dinoflagellate, peridinin chlorophyll A protein (PerCP), which, like fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and R-phycoerythrin (PE), can be excited by a 488-nm laser and emits light at 670 nm without spectral overlap with FITC and PE. Mous
Kitajima I; Yamamoto K; Sato K; Nakajima Y; Nakajima T; Maruyama I; Osame M; Nishioka K; Division of Rheumatology and Molecular Immunology, School of; Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kanagawa-ken, Japan.
To investigate the pathogenesis of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated chronic inflammatory arthropathy (HAAP), we sought to detect proviral DNA in the articular lesions. For the detection of proviral DNA, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proviral DNA was detected not only in the per
J Immunol. 1991 Oct 1;147(7):2290-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013023
Bressler P; Pantaleo G; Demaria A; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
The CD2 T lymphocyte glycoprotein surface molecule mediates both cell to cell adhesion and T cell activation, two processes that are involved in the spread of HIV infection. Treatment of chronically HIV-infected PBMC with anti-CD2 mAb has been shown to induce the expression of infectious virus from these cultures. In
Halliday GM; Reeve VE; Barnetson RS; Department of Dermatology, University of Sydney, New South Wales,; Australia.
There has been much speculation as to the role of Langerhans cells (LC) in the induction of anti-tumor immunity. Whereas there is considerable circumstantial evidence that disruptions in the density and function of these cells during the early stages of ultraviolet (UV) light- and chemical carcinogen-induced carcinoge
J Med Virol. 1991 Jul;34(3):199-205. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92014009
Monno L; Angarano G; Santantonio T; Milella M; Carbonara S; Fiore JR; Fico C; Pastore G; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Italy.
The effects of HIV infection on HBV and HDV replication and liver damage were evaluated by comparing the findings from 48 anti-HIV-positive HBsAg chronic carriers with those from 22 matched anti-HIV-negative subjects. The state of HBV/HDV infection was also related to the degree of immunodeficiency of the anti-HIV-pos
Lancet. 1991 Oct 12;338(8772):915-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92016872
Satow Y; Hashido M; Ishikawa K; Honda H; Mizuno M; Kawana T; Hayami M; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tokyo,; Japan.
Vertical transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) from an antibody-positive carrier mother to her infant has been reported, but it is not clear when and by what route such transmission occurs. Peripheral blood and cord blood lymphocytes from 40 antibody-positive carrier mothers were cultured for
Lancet. 1991 Oct 19;338(8773):969-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92016946
MacMahon EM; Glass JD; Hayward SD; Mann RB; Becker PS; Charache P; McArthur JC; Ambinder RF; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine,; Baltimore, Maryland.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma occurs more often in patients with AIDS. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in these tumours, but the degree of association has not been defined because of both the highly restricted expression of EBV in malignant tissue and the lack of a technique that is reliable in fo
Wang PH; Hui MB; Nandy P; Banerjee S; Gao H; Lien EJ; Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of; Southern California, Los Angeles 90033.
Substituted Schiff bases of 1-amino-3-hydroxyguanidine (SB-HAG) were tested for the first time against noninfected T4 lymphocytes (CEM-6 cells) and the same cell line infected by HIV-1 in vitro. Twenty-one of 23 compounds at micromolar levels did not inhibit the growth of the noninfected T4 cells, suggesting minimal c
Z Rheumatol. 1991 May-Jun;50(3):151-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92024518
Saal JG; Fritz P; Zymela B; Zierhut M; Durk H; Muller CA; Pleyer U; Thiel HJ; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitat Tubingen.
Corneal and conjunctival biopsies of 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and corneal ulceration (RA-keratomalacia) have been characterized by immunohistological and histochemical analysis. Biopsies from 13 patients with bacterial conjunctivitis, 7 patients with allergic conjunctivitis, 15 patients with senile catara
Peripheral lymphocyte subsets--T-helper (CD4+), T-suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8+), and naive/virgin T cells/natural killer cells (CD45RA)--were studied quantitatively in 30 patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) and 29 sex- and age-matched RAU-free control donors. The CD4+ percentage was significantly lower in
Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Nov;148(11):1558-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92026586
Hriso E; Kuhn T; Masdeu JC; Grundman M; Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Medical Center, New York,; NY 10011.
OBJECTIVE: The authors attempted to determine whether patients with AIDS are more susceptible to neuroleptic side effects than other patients. METHOD: Retrospective chart review was used to assess the frequency and severity of extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with AIDS and psychotic patients without AIDS who had ta
A case of meningococcal purpura fulminans is reported in a 22-year-old woman who also suffered from a congenital deficiency in the seventh component of the complement system. This was her third episode of recurrent meningitis. In the course of her treatment in intensive care, the septic shock was cured, but she develo
A metal binding peptide, hexahistidine, preceding a renin cleavage sequence (Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-) was engineered on to the N-terminus of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). The chimeric protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized after purification by DEAE chromatography and HPLC. Amino-terminal
Fifteen patients, eight with burn or scald wounds and seven with split-thickness donor sites, were treated with cultured epithelial allografts. Skin was obtained from HIV-negative donors undergoing circumcision and sheets of epithelium were cultured using the 3T3 feeder method. Multiple post-operative biopsies were pe
Nagpal S; Spiramarao P; Krishnaswamy PR; Metcalfe DD; Rao PV; Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science,; Bangalore, India.
Using a combination of avidin-biotin microELISA and solid phase radioimmunoassay, we examined sera from 23 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), two patients with established sensitivity to ingested shrimp, and 15 healthy normal subjects. In addition to IgG antibodies, varying amounts of IgE antibodies spe
Carmichael A; Bateman N; Nayagam M; Department of Medicine, United Medical School, London.
The results of the examination of sputum induced by the inhalation of nebulized hypertonic saline in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) are presented. In suspected cases of PCP in patients who were either HIV antibody positive or were receiving immunosuppressive therapy, 46 induced sputum specimens
Blood. 1991 Oct 1;78(7):1882-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92003931
Wells KH; Latino J; Gavalchin J; Poiesz BJ; Department of Medicine, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse; 13210.
A device was designed to deliver a constant source of given concentrations of ozone to fluids containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Ozone was found to inactivate HIV-1 virions in a dose-dependent manner. Greater than 11 log inactivation was achieved within 2 hours at a concentration of 1,200 ppm ozon
Cancer. 1991 Nov 1;68(9):1937-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92005301
Numata A; Minagawa T; Asano M; Nakane A; Katoh H; Tanabe T; Department of Microbiology, Hokkaido University School of; Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Quantitative evaluation of the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the extracts of tumors and their corresponding normal tissues resected from 43 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma was done using solid-phase, sandwich radioimmunoassay. The levels of both IFN-gamma
Meyerhans A; Dadaglio G; Vartanian JP; Langlade-Demoyen P; Frank R; Asjo B; Plata F; Wain-Hobson S; Laboratoire de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur,; Paris, France.
A large number of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) specific HLA-restricted cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitopes have been mapped, including an HLA-B27-restricted immunodominant epitope within p25gag. Accordingly, this segment of the HIV-1 provirus was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from DNA derived f
Schofer H; Ochsendorf FR; Hochscheid I; Milbradt R; Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Abteilung II,; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main.
Facial Kaposi s sarcoma is a severe psychological problem for HIV-infected patients if systemic chemotherapy or interferon therapy is not possible. To help these patients, it is important to offer a palliative treatment that is suitable for outpatients and is not complicated by severe side-effects but still yield sati
Painter GR; Wright LL; Hopkins S; Furman PA; Division of Virology, Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle; Park, North Carolina 27709.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (EC 2.7.7.49), a heterodimer consisting of two polypeptide chains of molecular weights 66,000 and 51,000, fluoresces due to the presence of 36 tryptophan residues with an emission peak centered at 338 nm. The association of 2 -deoxynucleoside 5 -triphosphates w
Reimann KA; Snyder GB; Chalifoux LV; Waite BC; Miller MD; Yamamoto H; Spertini O; Letvin NL; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical; School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772.
Although alterations in T lymphocyte subset distribution and function in the peripheral blood of HIV-infected humans are well defined, the extent to which these reflect changes in other lymphoid compartments is unclear. We have characterized the coincident changes in PBL and lymph nodes (LN)1 after simian immunodefici
J Immunol. 1991 Oct 1;147(7):2302-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013025
Dadaglio G; Leroux A; Langlade-Demoyen P; Bahraoui EM; Traincard F; Fisher R; Plata F; Laboratoire de Biologie et Immunologie Moleculaires des; Retrovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
CTL constitute an essential part of the immune response against the HIV. CTL recognize peptides derived from viral proteins together with the MHC class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. The CTL response could be important in prevention or control of infection with HIV by destroying virus-producing cells. I
J Immunol. 1991 Oct 1;147(7):2368-76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013034
Chen YM; Zhang XQ; Dahl CE; Samuel KP; Schooley RT; Essex M; Papas TS; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute,; Frederick, MD 21702-1201.
Two different approaches were used to map the type-specific regions on human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) envelope glycoproteins. 1) Antibody reactivities of polymerase chain reaction-confirmed HTLV-I or HTLV-II carriers sera were analyzed by Western blot assay with seven recombinant proteins containing different reg
J Immunol. 1991 Nov 1;147(9):3128-32. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92013142
Botarelli P; Houlden BA; Haigwood NL; Servis C; Montagna D; Abrignani S; Department of Allergy/Immunology, Ciba-Geigy Ltd, Basel,; Switzerland.
The HIV envelope protein gp120 is heavily glycosylated, having 55% of its molecular mass contributed by N-linked carbohydrates. We investigated the role of N-glycosylation in presentation of HIV-gp120 to T cells. T cell clones obtained from humans immunized with a recombinant nonglycosylated form of HIV-gp120 (env 2-3
Boudet F; Theze J; Zouali M; Institut Pasteur, Unite d'Immunogenetique Cellulaire, Paris,; France.
Detection of peptide-specific antibodies by the conventional ELISA technique is sometimes hampered by the difficulties encountered in immobilizing stretches of amino acids on the solid support. To improve the attachment of synthetic peptides to the solid phase, we have developed a sensitive and rapid immunoassay based
Recombinant proteins representing full-length and truncated forms of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein gp160 were produced in E. coli and sf9 insect cells. These proteins were denatured and reduced as a function of purification. We adsorbed these proteins onto latex microspheres and used the pro
Chen GJ; Watson RR; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of; Arizona, Tucson 85724.
The actions of retroviral infections, aging, and cocaine and morphine injection on cytokine production were investigated in C57BL/6 female mice. Retroviral infection with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus was further developed as a model of murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The effects of cocaine and morphi
Mangkornkarn C; Steiner JC; Bohman R; Lindemann RA; Section of Endodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry.
Existing knowledge regarding the cellular components of the dental pulp has been derived primarily from classical methods of histology and biochemistry. Since observations made from prepared tissue sections are static, it is not clear whether this accurately reflects the cellular dynamics of living pulp tissue. Theref
Supralethal chemotherapy has been used in an attempt to cure certain malignancies by employing doses of cytotoxic agents beyond conventional limits. The resulting damage to the bone marrow requires rescue with an infusion of autologous or allogenic marrow to repopulate the haemopoietic system. The recent availability
Bohannon RC; Donehower LA; Ford RJ; Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine,; Houston.
An atypical syncytial variant of a high-grade Burkitt s-type B-cell lymphoma from a patient with AIDS who was seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was studied. A productive type D retrovirus infection was identified in early-passage cell lines derived from two lymphomas from this patient. Nucleotide an
Berkower I; Murphy D; Smith CC; Smith GE; Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration,; National Institutes of Health Campus, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Recombinant native human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins gp160 and gp120 (residues 1 to 511) expressed in insect cells quantitatively adsorbed the group-specific neutralizing antibodies found in human sera. However, these antibodies were not adsorbed by envelope fragment 1 to 471 or 472 to
Dedera D; Ratner L; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,; St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
The mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cytopathicity is poorly understood and might involve formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia), single-cell lysis, or both. In order to determine the contributions of the fusion domain to syncytium formation, single-cell lysis, and viral infectivity
Thali M; Olshevsky U; Furman C; Gabuzda D; Posner M; Sodroski J; Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard; Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
While one hypervariable, linear neutralizing determinant on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope glycoprotein has been well characterized, little is known about the conserved, discontinuous gp120 epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies in infected individuals. Here, the epitope recogni
Syu WJ; Lee WR; Du B; Yu QC; Essex M; Lee TH; Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
All animal retroviruses whose nucleotide sequences have been determined contain two or three closely spaced cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the env-encoded transmembrane protein. Using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 as a working model, the functional significance of these highly conserved cy
Filice G; Soldini L; Orsolini P; Razzini E; Gulminetti R; Campisi D; Chiapparoli L; Cattaneo E; Achilli G; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pavia, IRCCS; Policlinico S. Matteo.
We have developed two immunoassay systems, one designated HIV (p24, p66, gp41) ELISA that uses as antigens the immunodominant epitopes mixed from each of three major groups of HIV-1 proteins: the core (p24), the pol (p66) and the env (gp41) gene. The other immunoassay system consists of four separate ELISAs for detect
Vermot-Desroches C; Rigal D; Bernaud J; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Regional de Transfusion; Sanguine, Lyon, France.
We have investigated by flow cytometry the action of dextran sulfate (DxS) on the expression of the LFA-1 molecule in human lymphocytes. This work was undertaken because of the involvement of the LFA-1 molecule in HIV-1 induced syncytia and because of the role of DxS played in the inhibition of syncytia formation. Fir
Neurath AR; Strick N; Kolbe H; Kieny MP; Girard M; Jiang S; Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, NY; 10021.
Combining of subtype specific peptides from the hypervariable loop of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of divergent HIV-1 isolates may help in designing a broadly protective immunogen against HIV-1 infection. To enhance the immunogenicity of such a polyvalent antigen, in the absence of oil-containing adjuvants, it is n
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8806-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020940
Romero DL; Busso M; Tan CK; Reusser F; Palmer JR; Poppe SM; Aristoff PA; Downey KM; So AG; Resnick L; et al; Upjohn Laboratories, Kalamazoo, MI 49001-0199.
Certain bis(heteroaryl)piperazines (BHAPs) are potent inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) at concentrations lower by 2-4 orders of magnitude than that which inhibits normal cellular DNA polymerase activity. Combination of a BHAP with nucleoside analog HIV-1 RT inhib
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):8949-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92020968
Ho DD; Fung MS; Cao YZ; Li XL; Sun C; Chang TW; Sun NC; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of; Medicine, NY 10016.
To define the domains in the envelope glycoprotein important for antibody neutralization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by immunizing mice with purified glycoprotein gp120 of the IIIB isolate. One mAb, G3-4, reacted with the gp120 of homologous (IIIB) an
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):9297-301. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92021037
Fantini J; Yahi N; Chermann JC; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale,; Unite 322, Unit of Retrovirus and Associated Diseases,; Marseille, France.
The gastrointestinal tract is considered to be a major route of infection for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To understand the interaction of HIV with epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, we have studied the infection of a human colon cancer cell clone HT-29-D4. The enterocyte-like differentiation of th
Res Immunol. 1991 May;142(4):291-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92021750
Poncelet P; Poinas G; Corbeau P; Devaux C; Tubiana N; Muloko N; Tamalet C; Chermann JC; Kourilsky F; Sampol J; Laboratoire d'Hematologie, Hopital de la Conception, Marseille,; France.
In an attempt to question the influence of circulating virus, soluble gp120 or CD4 self-reacting antibodies upon results of CD4+ T-cell immunophenotyping in AIDS patients, five anti-CD4 mAb defining several epitopes of the V1 and V2 domains of the CD4 molecule were used to analyse the epitopic density of CD4 on lympho
After binding to the CD4 receptor, the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) may enter the T cell and induce the formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia). As well as the CD4 molecule, other molecules, such as the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18) have been shown to be involved in
The spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates neutralized by antibodies from HIV-1-infected humans is broader than the spectrum of isolates neutralized by sera from animals immunized with purified gp120 subunits. This broader neutralization was due, in part, to the presence of antibodies to cons
Lichtensteiger CA; Knowles DP Jr; McGuire TC; Cheevers WP; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington; State University, Pullman 99164-7040.
The envelope (env) genes of two antigenic variants of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), defined by serum neutralization, were expressed in vaccinia virus. Recombinant gp135 envelope glycoprotein competitively inhibited neutralizing activity of serum from CAEV-infected goats, indicating gp135 is a dominant t
DeVico A; Montelaro RC; Gallo RC; Sarngadharan MG; Department of Cell Biology, Advanced BioScience Laboratories,; Inc., Kensington, Maryland 20895.
Previously we raised a rabbit monospecific antibody (C2003) against a synthetic peptide derived from a sequence within the C-terminal portion of the reverse transcriptase (RT) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). This sequence is found to be conserved in the predicted amino acid sequence of a related le
Cordell J; Moore JP; Dean CJ; Klasse PJ; Weiss RA; McKeating JA; Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to a recombinant form of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 IIIB) were raised in rats and screened for their ability to block recombinant gp120 binding to recombinant, soluble CD4 (sCD4) in vitro. Four such MAbs were identified and characterised.
Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 1991;36(2):173-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92027422
Meau F; Service d'Oto-Rhinolaryngologie et de Chirurgie Plastique de la; Face, Hopital Albert Degremont, Meru.
HIV seropositivity is becoming an increasingly frequent problem amongst candidates for aesthetic surgery. Although a routine screening test for HIV is not legally compulsory, it should nevertheless be requested prior to any aesthetic surgery. Is it reasonable to take the risk of aggravating the disease in order to per
Groothuis JR; Levin MJ; Rodriguez W; Hall CB; Long CE; Kim HW; Lauer BA; Hemming VG; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of; Medicine, Denver 80218-1088.
Infants with cardiopulmonary disease develop severe illness from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Safety, feasibility, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) to prevent RSV illness were studied in 23 high-risk infants in a phase I trial. IVIG with an RSV neutralizing antibody titer of 1:
The retroviral replicating enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) is associated with an RNase H which specifically hydrolyzes RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids. The RNase H exhibits endo- as well as exonuclease activity when analyzed with in vitro synthesized viral RNA hybridized to a shorter synthetic DNA oligonucleotide. In the pre
Biochem Pharmacol. 1991 Oct 9;42(9):1721-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/92029069
Ko WH; Wong CC; Yeung HW; Yung MH; Shaw PC; Tam SC; Department of Physiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong,; Shatin.
Trichosanthin (TCS) is a plant protein which has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. It was demonstrated recently that this compound suppressed the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in vitro. The mechanism of action is believed to be inhibition of protein synthesis. Trichosanthin is a low
Perl A; Gorevic PD; Condemi JJ; Papsidero L; Poiesz BJ; Abraham GN; Department of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Roswell Park; Memorial Institute, Buffalo 14263.
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) gag and env protein-specific antibodies were identified in 6 of 13 patients with essential cryoglobulinemia (EC), by Western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation analysis. Supernatants of cells from 2 of the 5 EC patients tested showed reverse transcriptase activity. DNA se
Issued by the American Medical Assn., Dept. of Public Information, 515 No. State St., Chicago, Ill. 60610, 1991 Jan 17 1 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/33500
Federal Reporter, 2d Series. 1990 Aug 28 (date of decision);909:820-833. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/33502
Kevin Leckelt, a licensed practical nurse at Terrebone General Medical Center in Louisiana, was fired when he refused to submit his HIV test results to the hospital. He sued, alleging a deprivation of civil rights under the Federal Rehabilitation Act. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals held that Leckelt was not fired
Truman, John T.; van Eys, Jan; Pochedly, Carl, eds. Human Values in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. New York: Praeger, 1986 :125-142. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/33605
While awaiting transfer to the Department of Corrections, an inmate housed in the Jackson County Jail was given an opportunity to submit voluntarily to HIV testing. After being assured that the results would be confidential, the inmate submitted to the test, and was later personally informed of the results. An actio
Dr. William Behringer, a staff member at the Medical Center at Princeton, was diagnosed with AIDS. Afterwards, Behringer received numerous phone calls from various people expressing awareness of his illness, and his surgical privileges at the Center were suspended. He sued the Medical Center, alleging a breach of co
Blank, Robert H.; Mills, Miriam K., eds. Biomedical Technology and Public Policy. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989 :185-199. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/33663
Seibert, Jeffrey M.; Olson, Roberta A., eds. Children, Adolescents, and AIDS. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989 :179-227. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE KIE/33680
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