(Producer) With more and more American contracting AIDS, the cost of treatment is beginning to overwhelm government agencies. By 1991, the bill for caring for people with AIDS could climb to nearly 10 billion dollars a year. At least half that bill will be paid by taxpayers. This program examines the predicament of
(Producer) Through a series of in-depth interviews with HIV infected persons and Washington State AIDS experts, this series presents information on: epidemiology and etiology, clinical manifestations, psychosocial aspects of care, testing and counseling, transmission and infection control, and legal and ethical aspec
(Producer) Takes a look at the rapid spread of AIDS in minority communities. This program investigates AIDS in New York, Atlanta, Chicago, Miami, Washington, DC, and three other U.S. cities. Interviews feature former U.S. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, the Reverend Jesse Jackson, and others deeply involved in edu
Chicago, Ill. : American Medical Association : Additional copies may be ordered from Book & Pamphlet Fulfillment, c1989 xiv, 202 p. : ill Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9104531
[Costa Rica] : Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicologicas, 1989 31 p (Actualidades en psicologia, ISSN 0258-6444 ; v. 5, no. 43 (1989)) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9104372
Los Angeles : Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Immunology and Disease (CIRID) at UCLA, [1989] vii, 102 p Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9105859
Youth, and Families Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O., 1990 iv, 113 p. : maps Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9104806
New York : Greenwood Press, 1990 viii, 266 p. : ill (Contributions in medical studies, ISSN 0886-8220 ; no. 28) Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE CAT/9104797
The nutritional status of people with AIDS is challenged throughout the progression of the illness by the manifestation of symptoms such as malabsorption, diarrhea, candidiasis, and fever. As yet, there is no widely accepted method for nutritional management of AIDS. Therefore, a Task Force on Nutrition Support in AID
Vogt PK; Bos TJ; Mitsunobu F; Nishimura T; Monteclaro FS; Su HY; Department of Microbiology, Univeristy of Southern California; School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033-1054.
The oncogenic transforming potential of the jun oncogene was investigated with viral constructs that contain various terminal deletions of v-jun, c-jun and recombinants between the viral and cellular genes. Cellular jun can induce transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts with a low efficiency. High efficiency tran
Cantani A; Clinique Pediatrique de l'Universite de Roma La Sapienza.
Recent papers again stress the central problem of transfusion-associated AIDS, since several episodes of HIV infection lasting 6 months or longer without the detection of HIV antibody have been reported, with obvious and important public health and clinical implications. As a consequence, it has been estimated that th
Wimer BM; Department of Medicine, Texas Tech University School of Medicine,; Lubbock.
Assuming that the attributes of the mitogenic-leukoaggglutinating (L4) isolectin of phytohemagglutinin as a proposed ideal biologic response modifier can be confirmed, it could prove to be a highly versatile agent with broad therapeutic potential for several areas of management including cancer and cancer surgery adju
Rene R; Mas A; Villabona CM; Ricart MC; Bassa A; Tolosa F; Seccion de Neurologia, Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital de Son; Dureta, Palma de Mallorca.
Malignant external otitis (MEO) is a disease of the external auditive channel (EAC) due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa which usually involves individuals with diabetes mellitus. It may result in the invasion of the cranial base with cranial neuropathy and a high mortality rate despite therapy. We report the clinical featur
Stroner WF; Christensen C; Remeikis NA; Stroner FM
While the emergence of AIDS and associated barrier controls has impacted on dental practice, little inquiry has been undertaken to explore changes in clinical teaching. The purpose of this study was 1) to determine if any changes in teaching behavior have occurred, and 2) to explore attitudes of clinical faculty conce
AIDS Educ Prev. 1990 Winter;2(4):272-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91144976
Noh S; Chandarana P; Field V; Posthuma B; Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western; Ontario, London, Canada.
This study examined the process by which emotional strain imposed by the threat of AIDS may manifest itself as psychological distress, assessed by depressive symptomatology, in a sample of homosexual men. Specifically, the study examined the extent to which the perceived threat of AIDS is related to depression, and ho
AIDS Educ Prev. 1990 Winter;2(4):296-304. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91144978
Brown LK; Nassau JH; Levy V; Brown University, Providence, RI.
While AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes have been studied in different populations, little attention has been given to emotional reactions to the epidemic or to the validity of frequently employed forced-choice questionnaires. Spontaneous emotional reactions to the AIDS crisis were assessed in 441 fifth, seventh, a
AIDS Educ Prev. 1990 Winter;2(4):305-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91144979
Schinke SP; Botvin GJ; Orlandi MA; Schilling RF; Gordon AN; Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York, New York; 10025.
This paper considers strategies for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among African-American and Hispanic-American adolescents. We describe culturally sensitive interventions based on social learning theory. The interventions combine elements of cognitive-behavioral skills for problem solving, co
AIDS Educ Prev. 1990 Winter;2(4):313-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91144980
Franzini LR; Sideman LM; Dexter KE; Elder JP; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA; 92182-0551.
The present study employed behavioral techniques to teach assertive strategies designed to reduce the risk of contracting AIDS and to promote safer-sex behaviors. A total of 79 university students (38 male and 41 female) were included in the final data analysis. Subjects participated in three one-hour training session
Data were collected (a) to document extant levels of AIDS-risk behavior, AIDS-preventive behavior, AIDS-knowledge, and attitudes toward prevention among college students, (b) to assess the evolution from 1986 to 1988 of college students behavioral and attitudinal responses to the AIDS epidemic, and (c) to document ch
AIDS Educ Prev. 1990 Winter;2(4):338-48. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91144982
Klonoff EA; Ewers D; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
A questionnaire was administered to the nursing staff of a large teaching hospital to determine: 1) sources of stress in caring for AIDS patients; 2) perceived sources of stress in being an AIDS patient; and 3) attitudes towards deserving various illnesses. Principal components analyses revealed a number of factors re
New Biol. 1990 Apr;2(4):328-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91145334
Dawid IB; Ozato K; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child; Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
To properly care for patients, gastroenterology nurses and associates need current information for safe and effective infection control. It is important to understand the infections that potentially could be transmitted in the GI unit. Knowledge is needed for the preparation and care of equipment to minimize transmiss
Perlin ML; Dvoskin JA; New York State Office of Mental Health, Albany 12229.
Public health officials, hospital administrators, forensic directors, jail wardens, judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys must confront the issue: how should cases of individuals with AIDS dementia be treated when they are found to be permanently incompetent to stand trial? Al
Datt N; Feinmann C; Academic Department of Psychiatry, University College, Middlesex; School of Medicine, London, UK.
The majority of drug users neglect their health and have limited access to primary and preventative health care services. A health care team was developed in an attempt to provide health care for drug users, to prevent the spread of HIV and provide health education to the drug users. The health problems were related t
Darke S; Hall W; Carless J; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New; South Wales, Kensington, Australia.
This paper examines drug use, injection practices, and sexual behaviour in a sample of 100 opioid users, both in and out of current opiate treatment. Approximately three-quarters of subjects reported that they had used more than one illicit substance in the month prior to being interviewed. Needle sharing was common,
Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(5):529-36. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91146072
Chin J; Forecasting and Impact Assessment unit, World Health; Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
The general methods used for public health surveillance of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases and of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are no different from those used for other diseases and infections. However, the methods used must be adapted to the unique epidemiology, wide variation in pre
Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(5):639-54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91146083
De Schryver A; Meheus A; Programme of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, World Health; Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are now the commonest group of notifiable infectious diseases in most countries, particularly in the age group of 15 to 50 years and in infants. Their control is important considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, their socioeconomic impact, and
Buskila D; Gladman DD; Langevitz P; Bookman AA; Fanning M; Salit IE; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Women's College,; Wellesley, Canada.
The aim of this study was to assess the type and frequency of rheumatologic manifestations among patients followed at an HIV clinic in a general hospital, and to evaluate the usefulness of a questionnaire in identifying the presence of these manifestations. Fifty-two consecutive patients with HIV infection completed a
Farnarier G; Somma-Mauvais H; Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles du Systeme Nerveux,; Hopital de la Timone, Marseilles, France.
We studied 126 HIV seropositive patients (106 men, 20 women; mean age: 32 years): 45 had neurological signs, 81 had none. Multimodal evoked potential (MEP) assessment included: visual EPs by flash and reversal checkerboard; brain-stem auditory EPs; somatosensory EPs by stimulation of the median nerve. Evaluation also
Anderson JE; Kann L; Holtzman D; Arday S; Truman B; Kolbe L; Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease; Control, Atlanta.
Data from the 1989 Secondary School Student Health Risk Survey indicate that 54 percent of all high school students in the United States had had some form of HIV/AIDS education in school. Responses to a questionnaire on HIV/AIDS knowledge show that nearly all students knew the two main
Ill Dent J. 1990 Jul-Aug;59(4):274-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91147116
Neiburger EJ
Concerns about AIDS, hepatitis and infection control have increased the use of gloves in medical and dental practice. Though generally assumed to be protective, gloves pose many hazards to the practitioner and patient. This is especially significant in dentistry where a large assortment of materials and manipulative t
Espinoza LR; Aguilar JL; Espinoza CG; Berman A; Gutierrez F; Vasey FB; Germain BF; Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida; College of Medicine, Tampa.
Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on the synovial membranes of 5 patients with HIV associated arthropathy. An immunoperoxidase technique with the use of monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD8, B and DR lymphocytes, and HIV p24 antigen was also used. Mild to moderate nonspecific proliferative change
Buskila D; Gladman DD; Langevitz P; Urowitz S; Smythe HA; University of Toronto Rheumatic Disease Unit, Wellesley Hospital,; ON, Canada.
Tenderness was assessed by point count and by scored palpation in 51 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as well as 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 50 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Fifteen of 51 (29%) patients with HIV infection met criteria for fibromyalgia, based on t
Kurihara K; Kohno H; Miyamoto N; Chikamori Y; Kondo T; Department of Pathology, Uwajima City Hospital, Japan.
Eleven cases of extranodal orofacial lymphomas (EOFL), consisting of four HTLV-related and seven HTLV-unrelated EOFL, were investigated with respect to the immunohistochemical and clinical features. HTLV-related EOFL were of T-cell phenotype and were associated with a poorer prognosis than HTLV-unrelated EOFL, most of
Segami N; Hosoda M; Fukuda M; Sugihara T; Yahata Y; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of; Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
A case of posterior tongue lymphoma associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) that occurred as a lesion in the lingual dorsal portion is reported in a 64-year-old woman. Initially, a diagnosis of Hodgkin s lymphoma was considered as no findings associated with ATL except lymphadenopathy and serum anti-ATLA antibodie
Beris P; Dunand V; Isoz C; Reynard C; Departement de Medecine, Hopital Cantonal Universitaire,; Geneve, Suisse.
A 35 year-old HIV-positive male intravenous drug abuser developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) during the course of recto-sigmoiditis secondary to Shigella flexneri. Complete remission was achieved by aggressive treatment of a combination of plasma exchange, fresh frozen plasma infusion, continuous prosta
Barbanera M; Menicagli V; Divisione Malattie infettive, Spedali Riuniti, Livorno.
The Authors describe a case of multiple myeloma in a patient with HIV infection: this is an exceptional observation in young people and in HIV seropositive patients. The marked proliferation of lymphocyte B polyclones, typically found in the advanced stages of HIV infection, could be a determining factor in the appear
Blanc P; Hoffman P; Michaels JF; Bernard E; Vinti H; Morand P; Loubiere R; Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Pasteur, Nice.
The anatomopathological study of the heart, carried out during the autopsy of a series of 38 subjects seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus, has enabled the observation of histological lesions in 23 cases (60%). The heart affection is more often asymptomatic since it has been clinically suspected in only f
Matthes E; Langen P; von Janta-Lipinski M; Will H; Schroder HC; Merz H; Weiler BE; Muller WE; Zentralinstitut fur Molekularbiologie, Akademie der; Wissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik,; Berlin-Buch, German Democratic Republic.
2 ,3 -Dideoxy-3 -fluorothymidine (FddThd), 2 ,3 -didehydro-2 ,3 - dideoxythymidine (ddeThd), and 3 -fluoro-5-methyl-deoxycytidine (FddMeCyt) are, in their triphosphate forms, selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. We report that 0.3 microM FddThd, FddMeCyt, or ddeThd as well
Busso ME; Resnick L; Department of Retrovirology Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center,; Miami Beach, Florida 33140.
The effects of three molecular weight ranges of dextran sulfate on five different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates (from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), alone and in combination with dideoxynucleosides, were investigated in vitro. The higher the molecular weight range of dextran sulfate,
Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1990 Dec;70(4):303-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91151145
Colebunders R; Nembunzu M; Portaels F; Lusakumunu K; Kapita B; Piot P; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium.
To determine the role of mycobacteria as etiologic agent in HIV related enteritis in Africa, the following study was performed in 1986, in the department of Internal Medicine in Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire . Stool and intestinal biopsies were obtained from HIV seropositiv
World Health Forum. 1990;11(3):235-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91151500
Shanks J; Medical Mental Health Division, Department of Health, London,; England.
Overdrinking among young people tends to be episodic. It leads to accidents and violence rather than to cirrhosis or alcoholism. Preventive efforts should focus on the problem as it actually presents.
World Health Forum. 1990;11(3):293-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91151510
Ferron C; Boutonnat M; Deschamps JP; Centre for Preventive Medicine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
An assessment of 16 French films giving information on AIDS was made by people in the health, social work, teaching and other professions. Their observations are outlined below and the qualities required in such material are discussed.
Strigle SM; Gal AA; Martin SE; Department of Pathology, Los Angeles County-University of; Southern California Medical Center 90033.
In the past decade, over 100,000 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in the United States . Conservative estimates suggest that 1.5 million people are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic agent of AIDS. Major metropoli
Ono K; Nakane H; Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research; Institute.
Four flavonoids (i.e., baicalein, quercetin, quercetagetin, and myricetin), known to be inhibitors of HIV-reverse transcriptase, have been shown to be more or less inhibitory to the activities of various cellular DNA and RNA polymerases. The degree of the inhibition varied depending on the combination of the flavonoid
Nicholson WD; Long BC; Department of Counselling Psychology, University of British; Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
The relationship was examined between self-esteem, social support, internalized homophobia, and coping strategies used by HIV-positive (HIV+) gay men (N = 89) and between the use of coping strategies and mood state. Multiple regressions were conducted with avoidant (escape avoidance, accepting responsibility) and proa
Smith T; Jakobsen J; Gaub J; Trojaborg W; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet,; University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Symptomatic polyneuropathy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was studied in ten men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in ten men without the immune deficiency. In both groups of patients electrophysiological signs of polyneuropathy of the axonal type were present in the sural, median and
Musella RM; Castagnino JP; Weber L; Boxaca MC; Weissenbacher MC; Abbate EH; Gonzalez Montaner LJ; Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Francisco J. Muniz, Buenos; Aires, Argentina.
In order to detect an association between HIV infection and tuberculosis (TB), 130 TB inpatients were studied one of whom presented a pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. All had advanced TB, 95.4%, with pulmonary localization. Serum anti-HIV antibodies were detected by ELISA and their presence
The HIV epidemic has focused criticism on standard underwriting practices that exclude people with AIDS or at high risk for it from insurance coverage. Insurers have denied the charge that these practices are unfair, claiming instead that whatever is actuarially fair is fair or just. This defense will not work unless
Rev Med Chil. 1990 May;118(5):512-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91156873
Franco C; Sazunic I; Martinez V; Benavides MI; Gonzalez G; Soto G; Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital San Juan de Dios,; Santiago de Chile.
We report 10 patients with cutaneous lymphoma along with their clinical findings, staging, histopathologic characteristics by light microscopy, and results of anti-HTLV antibody screening. The immunotype was T cell in all. Three patients were diagnosed as having Lymphomatoid papulosis: one of them evolved to Mycosis f
Ther Drug Monit. 1990 Sep;12(5):481-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91157254
Stretcher BN; Pesce AJ; Wermeling JR; Hurtubise PE; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of; Cincinnati School of Medicine, Ohio.
A method has been developed to measure the concentration of total phosphorylated zidovudine (ZDV) inside peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) using a modified commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for ZDV. ZDV 5 -monophosphate was readily synthesized and used as a procedural control for RIA modification. PBLs were
Fox E; Constantine NT; Auregan G; el-Ghorab NM; Chakib-Saad; Abbatte EA; US Naval Medical Research Unit No 3, Cairo, Egypt.
A twenty-year-old female prostitute had an indeterminant HIV western blot in Djibouti during June 1988. She was hospitalised at the tuberculosis hospital in October and was re-tested for HIV in November. Her western blot result was still indeterminant, despite a progressive profi
Lefrere JJ; de Montalembert M; Mariotti M; Girot R; Salmon C; Rouger P; Rey J; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.
The risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by transfusion is not totally eliminated, since contaminated blood given before seroconversion to HIV is not detected on the actual biological screening. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (with one primer pair in the gag region and two in th
West J Med. 1990 Dec;153(6):629-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91157418
Coates TJ; Lo B; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California,; School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0320.
Persons at risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus are being encouraged to learn their serostatus. While such knowledge can help patients seek appropriate medical care, it can also be distressing. We describe an approach, based on crisis counseling, for physicians to use in working with patients infec
Steffen HM; Muller R; Schrappe-Bacher M; Fatkenheuer G; Salzberger B; Degenhardt S; Griebenow R; Kaufmann W; Medical Clinic II and Policlinic, University of Cologne, F.R.G.
Raviglione MC; Boyle JF; Mariuz P; Pablos-Mendez A; Cortes H; Merlo A; Cabrini Medical Center, New York, New York.
Use of ciprofloxacin as an alternative to vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection has been paralleled by the emergence of resistant strains. This phenomenon has also been noticed in our hospital. To confirm our observation, methicillin and ciprofloxacin susceptibilities were t
Dromer F; Barbet J; Bolard J; Charreire J; Yeni P; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U; 283, Universite Paris VI, France.
Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection that is responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The high toxicity of the antifungal agent that is mainly used against cryptococcosis, amphotericin B (AMB), accounts for the need for new treatments, especiall
Koletar SL; Russell JA; Fass RJ; Plouffe JF; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of; Medicine, Columbus 43210.
Thirty-nine adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and oral candidiasis were randomly assigned to receive either one fluconazole capsule (100 mg) or five clotrimazole troches (10 mg each) daily for 14 days. Among 36 evaluable patients, clinical resolution rates were 100 and 65%, respectively (P = 0
Arq Bras Cardiol. 1990 Jul;55(1):27-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91158507
Grinberg M; Uip DE; Strabelli TM; Ribeiro FG; Dorlhiac P; Bellotti G; Pileggi F; Jatene A; Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP e; Fundacao Hemocentro de Sao Paulo.
PURPOSE--To evaluate patients in the preoperative period of cardiovascular surgery for HIV antibody in the serum. MATERIAL AND METHODS--1200 patients older than 15 years tested for HIV antibody before cardiovascular surgery with an enzyme immunoassay test (ELISA). When the results were ELISA positive ou inconclusive,
Triulzi DJ; Blumberg N; Heal JM; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Strong Memorial; Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY.
Homologous blood transfusion has been implicated as a modulator of the host immune system in a number of clinical settings. Improved renal allograft survival is observed in patients receiving pretransplant transfusions. Decreased recurrence of active inflammatory bowel disease has been recently reported in transfused
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1990;24(4):454-68. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159766
Bayer R; Gostin L; Columbia University, School of Public Health, New York, N.Y.
The worldwide AIDS epidemic has posed an extraordinary array of ethical and legal challenges. The work presented here reviews three issues at the heart of the matter: discrimination against HIV-infected people, the limits of confidentiality, and the exercise of coercive government powers to limit spread of the disease
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1990;24(4):504-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159770
Dickens BM; Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, Canada.
Canadian bioethicists have long enjoyed access to bioethics programs in the United States and have collaborated with U.S. organizations working in this field. Nevertheless, special features of Canada s multicultural society and public health services are increasingly seen as raising di
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1990;24(4):510-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159771
Sanchez-Torres F; National University of Colombia, National Tribunal for Medical; Ethics, Bogota.
Colombia in recent decades has been exposed first-hand to a broad spectrum of important medical advances ranging from organ transplants to techniques for assisting human reproduction. It has also confronted an array of modern proble
Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1990;24(4):536-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159775
Porter JK; de la Escosura G; School of Medicine, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico.
In Mexico , as in many other countries, there are numerous situations involving bioethics that are not necessarily covered by officially sanctioned policies or guidelines. In such cases, it is reasonable to describe commonly accepted rules, opinions, and practices in a general way s
Endres D; Alun-Jones T; Morrissey MS; Department of Otolaryngology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
Thirty-four sets of consecutively used double gloves (68 pairs) used by otolaryngologists and their assistants in operations known to have a high risk of glove punctures were studied. The perforation rates for the outer and inner layers were 35.3 and 8.8% respectively, indicating that a second set of gloves substantia
Community Health Stud. 1990;14(4):384-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91160243
Bray F; Chapman S; Department of Community Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead; Hospital, NSW.
1130 dentists surveyed by mail from Australian capital cities (response rate 80%) answered a questionnaire on knowledge of clinical manifestations of AIDS and HIV, attitudes to treatment and referral of AIDS/HIV patients, infection control practices and personal risk factors for HIV. Despite a third of dentists being
Maier V; Fuchs J; Pfeiffer EF; Bounias M; Abteilung Innere Medizin I, Universitat Ulm.
It is known that hormones which exist in vertebrates are very old in respect to evolution. The presence of insulin and glucagon in insects had already been suggested in the early sixties. In this study honeybees are living in an artificial hive in the German laboratory under exactly standardized conditions. In the Fre
Yao FK; OMS, Programme mondial de Lutte contre le SIDA, Geneve, Suisse.
The information, education and communication which are the basis of all preventive counseling are first and foremost cultural activities specific to each society. They influence the networks and channels which permit contact with groups and individuals, as well as the content of messages developed to inform them and t
Martin J; Service de la sante publique du Canton de Vaud, Lausanne,; Suisse.
The spread of the AIDS pandemic urgently requires that we succeed in preventing HIV infection among the young. Much has been accomplished in information dissemination, sometimes leading to a sense of saturation. But the needs and request are still substantial when it comes to reflection, dialogue and action, both with
Sittitrai W; Institute of Population Studies, Chulalongkorn University,; Bangkok, Thailand.
In the course of a campaign to provide AIDS education, information and related services to bar workers, outreach is a necessary strategy. This paper describes what outreach is, the direction it may take, who the bar workers are, where outreach is conducted, who performs the outreach, what community preparation or prio
Thompson PI; Jones TS; U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
Street outreach has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy for reaching persons who are not served by traditional health-care programmes and are at high risk for contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and subsequent acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CD
Ritts RE; Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester,; Minnesota 55905.
This review suggests that infections are potent immunomodulators by causing significant alterations in one or more mediators of homeostasis and that an effective antibiosis may be a potent immunomodulator, albeit indirectly. When large numbers of microorganisms are killed, their enzymes and toxins are rapidly released
Drug-Abused-Patients are the one of the high risk group to HIV positive, by using and sharing syringe and needle each of other. This study reported the comparative study between HIV positive and negative patients which found clinically findings in oral cavity and the other part of the body, after the HIV positive pati
Luangjamekorn L; Silverman S Jr; Gallo J; McKnight M; Migliorati C; Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University.
Oral candidiasis is a common complication of HIV-infected-individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings to assess the impact and efficacy of antifungal treatment. This preliminary report describes findings in 50 HIV-positive, candida culture-positive subjects (49 males, 1 fema
Shelton GH; Grant CK; Linenberger ML; Abkowitz JL; Feline Retrovirus Immunology Program, Pacific Northwest Research; Foundation, Seattle, WA 98122.
Griseofulvin administration was associated with the development of absolute neutropenia in six of seven (86%) cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection. The neutropenia was severe (less than 400 neutrophils/microliter) in four of the six affected cats, and one cat died from sepsis. Neutrophil counts retu
N Z Nurs Forum. 1990 Nov-Dec;18(4):7-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91163731
Wills DJ
A small survey was undertaken to examine nurses attitudes to a wide range of matters relating to the management of patients and persons with AIDS, and the prevention of HIV infection. Strong support is shown for current AIDS related public health measures, particularly in the area of health education. Unnecessary meas
Tatsch K; Schielke E; Bauer WM; Markl A; Einhaupl KM; Kirsch CM; Department of Radiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of; Munich, FR Germany.
In forty patients at early and advanced stages of HIV infection (Walter Reed stages I-IV) regional cerebral blood flow was determined by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT, comparing the results with CT and MRI findings. All patients with HIV encephalopathy (AIDS dementia complex) had pathologic SP
Sugar AM; Evans Memorial Department of Clinical Research, Boston University; Medical Center, Massachusetts.
Mycoses due to a variety of organisms have been implicated as opportunistic pathogens in patients infected with HIV. These infections are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality, and most often require life-long antifungal medication to suppress reactivation of the fungal process. With the advent of newer antif
Paille C; Cigana F; Miquel JL; Da Costa Noble R; Canet C; Laboratoire de Sante Publique Dentaire de Bordeaux II.
The aim of this article is to highlight the different ways of fighting against H.I.V. With AZT , using peptide T, the author has looked at the latest theories and research being undertaken and their respective successes. He reminds us that the AIDS vac
Haemophiliacs exhibit a broad range of immune defects. In this regard we have investigated the functional capacity of purified polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell suspensions in a group of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)+ or HIV- patients. Our results provide evidence for a significant reduction of PMN-mediated chemotacti
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1990 Sep;21(3):447-52. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91164885
Swaddiwudhipong W; Nguntra P; Lerdlukanavonge P; Chaovakiratipong C; Koonchote S; Department of Community and Social Medicine, Mae Sot General; Hospital, Tak, Thailand.
A survey of 15-34 year old men in Mae Sot, Tak, was conducted in December 1989 to determine their knowledge about AIDS, HIV transmission, and sexual behavior to guide future AIDS prevention programs. A total of 172 men from the municipality (urban) and 311 men from the surrounding villages (rural) were interviewed. Mo
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1990 Sep;21(3):453-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91164886
Swaddiwudhipong W; Nguntra P; Chaovakiratipong C; Koonchote S; Lerdlukanavonge P; Chandoun C; Department of Community and Social Medicine, Mae Sot General; Hospital, Tak, Thailand.
A study was conducted to determine the effect of preventive educational efforts among 621 female prostitutes in Mae Sot, Tak Province, in 1989. The intensive health education program at a personal level and free condom distribution to the prostitutes began in March and June 1989, respectively. The proportion of prosti
Three AIDS prevention activities were incorporated into the services offered by PROFAMILIA in two operations research projects. The activities included: (1) informative talks given both to the general public and to members of target groups by PROFAMILIA s community marketing (CM) program field workers (or instructors)
Am J Community Psychol. 1990 Aug;18(4):587-96. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91165775
Watters JK; Downing M; Case P; Lorvick J; Cheng YT; Fergusson B; Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California,; San Francisco 94143-0936.
Conducted a study of behavior change associated with a street-based AIDS education project targeted to intravenous (IV) drug users in San Francisco. Two cross-sections were sampled from drug detoxification clinics and street locations in 1986 (n = 438) and 1987 (n = 623). Significant increases were reported in the per
Am J Community Psychol. 1990 Oct;18(5):743-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91165782
Hays RB; Catania JA; McKusick L; Coates TJ; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San; Francisco 94105.
Examined help-seeking and psychological distress among four groups of gay men (30 AIDS-diagnosed, 107 HIV-seropositive, 149 HIV-seronegative, 244 untested) in the AIDS Behavioral Research Project, a longitudinal survey of San Francisco gay men. The men reported high levels of anxiety, depression, and help-seeking from
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection often present signs and symptoms referable to the head and neck. We reviewed the clinical histories of 110 HIV-positive patients who presented head and neck manifestations. 48 (43.6%) had head and neck signs and/or symptoms as initial manifestation of the synd
Murphy CI; Lennick M; Lehar SM; Beltz GA; Young E; Cambridge Bioscience Corporation, Worcester, MA 01605.
Three different human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) envelope derived recombinant proteins and the full length human CD4 polypeptide were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. DNA constructs encoding CD4, gp120, gp160, and gp160 delta (full length gp160 minus the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region o
Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom. 1990 Nov;19(11):692-704. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91167742
Van Dorsselaer A; Bitsch F; Green B; Jarvis S; Lepage P; Bischoff R; Kolbe VJ; Roitsch C; Laboratoire de Chimie Organique des Substances Naturelles, URA31; CNRS, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
Mass measurement by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) is used as a rapid preliminary verification of the identity of various recombinant proteins ranging from 7 to 44 kDa with an accuracy of 0.01-0.03%. ESMS not only improves the speed but also the reliability of the protein structure determination when used in co
Cas Lek Cesk. 1990 Dec 21;129(51):1625-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91168200
Stankova M; Maresova V; Doleckova V; Kubin M; III. Infekcni Klinika 1. Lekarske Fakulty, Univerzity; Karlovy, Praha.
The authors give an account on the first case of Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with developed AIDS in CSFR. They describe the case-history, clinical course and histopathological finding.
Villegas Castrejon H; Reyes Fuentes A; Pinon Lopez MJ; Arredondo Garcia JL; Depto. de Microscopia Electronica, Instituto Nacional de; Perinatologia, Mexico, D.F.
Tissue samples from a therapeutic curettage performed in a woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and a semen sample of the husband were studied with the electron microscope. The samples were processed according to routine technique for electron microscopy. Calcifications, basement membrane thickening and hyper
During the five-year period 1984-1988 we received 192 specimens from 180 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for investigation of Legionella infection. The majority of specimens were bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids (84%), but tracheal suctions and lung tissue from autopsies were also exam
Damewood MD; Hesla JS; Schlaff WD; Hubbard M; Repke JT; Rock JA; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins; University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Prior to initiating routine fetal cord serum (FCS) supplementation in our in vitro laboratory, the incidence of HIV in 306 random fetal cord samples obtained at the Labor and Delivery Unit of the Johns Hopkins Hospital from July 1985 to January 1988 was determined from a cross-sectional patient sample. Of 306 samples,
The Authors present a HIV-positive patient with atypical lesions of Granuloma annulare near the joints. Ten HIV-positive patients with Granuloma annulare have been reported until now in the world literature, and these cases are reviewed.
Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am. 1990;18(4):252-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91171671
Vignale RA; Casella de Vilaboa E; Paciel J; Bruno J; Servicio de Dermatologia, Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay.
A male patient of 52 years old is studied with an scabiei by Sarcoptes scabiei v. hominis. After a month the patient developed a clinic and histopathologic generalized granuloma annulare. With the specific local treatment of his scabiei, the disease was cured in 7 days. After this treatment, the generalized granuloma
Med Trop (Mars). 1990 Oct-Dec;50(4):441-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91171794
Auzemery A; Queguiner P; Georges AJ; Di Costanzo B; Georges-Courbot MC; Vohito MD; Service Ophtalmologie du Centre National Hospitalier; Universitaire, Bangui, Republique Centrafricaine.
In central Africa, the authors have performed an ophthalmological examination of 77 adult patients (18-55 years) with AIDS: 33.7% had ocular abnormalities. Frequent manifestations included cotton-wool patches and retinal hemorrhages, while lacrymal hyposecretion, palpebral and conjunctival kaposi sarcoma, ocular palsy
Med Trop (Mars). 1990 Oct-Dec;50(4):459-61. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91171797
Basset D; Hennequin C; Decoux L; Lagrange PH; Hopitaux Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hotel-Dieu de Paris.
We describe one case of AIDS patient who have excreted simultaneously oocysts of Isospora belli and Cryptosporidium species for ten months. These parasites were noticed with qualitative and quantitative changes. Different treatments were successless about these parasites. This double infestation in tropical AIDS patie
Med Trop (Mars). 1990 Oct-Dec;50(4):463-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91171798
Makuwa M; Kakou J; Beuzit Y; Loembe-Ngoma H; Bourgarel J; Moulia-Pelat JP; Laboratoire National de Sante Publique, Brazzaville, Congo.
Study of 220 haematological profiles in women, men and children was realized in National Laboratory of Public Health and in Central Army Hospital in Brazzaville. The red cells count the haemoglobin level, the leucocytes and eosinophilia leukocyte counts in each sub-group of HIV+ and HIV- patients were compared. The an
New Dir Ment Health Serv. 1990 Winter;(48):33-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172013
Beckett A; Harvard Medical School.
In addition to physical and psychological effects, HIV infection can produce neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms. Clinicians working with HIV-infected patients should be familiar with the multiple pathological changes with which it can be associated.
New Dir Ment Health Serv. 1990 Winter;(48):69-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172017
Bing EG; Nichols SE; Goldfinger SM; Fernandez F; Cabaj R; Dudley RG Jr; Krener P; Prager M; Ruiz P; University of California Neuropsychiatric Institute, Los Angeles.
Social and cultural issues may have a profound impact on different populations responses to the AIDS epidemic. To maximize their own effectiveness, clinicians need to be aware of special needs and concerns.
New Dir Ment Health Serv. 1990 Winter;(48):97-106. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172019
Krajeski JP
HIV infection forces mental health professionals to confront difficult legal and ethical issues. Problem solving requires the delicate balancing of diverse interests and a thoughtful approach that rationally weighs the benefits and disadvantages of traditional as well as new solutions.
Merlino C; Cavallo R; Becchio L; Negro Ponzi A; Tappero P; Institute of Microbiology, University of Turin, Italy.
Anti-HTLV-I antibody presence in drug addicts dead in 1987-1988 in Turin, was evaluated. Comparing the prevalence of HTLV-I infection with that of HIV and HBV infections, a different way and/or rate of spread of HTLV-I infection is suggested.
Ketchem L; Berkowitz RJ; McIlveen L; Forrester D; Rakusan T; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.
The oral findings in 47 HIV-seropositive children are reported. The patient population consisted of 25 females and 22 males ranging in age from 3 months to 6.5 years. All patients were born to HIV-seropositive mothers. CDC classification of the patients indicated that 26 were P-O, 11 were P-1, and 10 were P-2 (eight o
Gray F; Gherardi R; Departement de Pathologie (Neuropathologie), Hopital Henri; Mondor, Creteil.
Spinal cord lesions, although far less frequent than brain lesions, are not uncommon in AIDS. Almost all diffuse or multifocal pathological processes involving the central nervous system and/or leptomeninges may also affect the spinal cord. However, some of them involve it predominantly causing specific, clinically ov
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:116-24. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174331
Arthos J; Deen KC; Shatzman A; Truneh A; Rosenberg M; Sweet RW; SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania; 19479.
Through mutagenesis, we identified a single high-affinity binding site for gp120 on the human CD4 protein. This site is localized in the V1 domain within residues 41 to 55. The collection of mutants was also used to define the epitopes for 55 anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies. The locations of these epitopes are consiste
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:125-48. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174332
Rausch DM; Hwang KM; Padgett M; Voltz AH; Rivas A; Engleman E; Gaston I; McGrath M; Fraser B; Kalyanaraman VS; et al; Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute of Mental Health,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Peptides 12-25 amino acids in length from the V1J1 region of the CD4 molecule (residues 1-120) were synthesized as randomly derivatized, deliberately derivatized, or pure peptide products, and tested for their ability to inhibit HIV-1-induced cell fusion, HIV-1 and SIV infection of CD4-positive human cells, HIV-1 enve
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:149-54. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174333
Ashorn P; Moss B; Berger EA; Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
CD4(178)-PE40 is a recombinant protein consisting of the HIV envelope glycoprotein-binding region of human CD4 linked to active domains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. The hybrid toxin selectively kills HIV-infected human T-cell lines and protects against HIV spread in mixtures of uninfected and infected cells.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:161-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174335
Zon G; Applied Biosystems, Inc., Foster City, California 94404.
The use of antisense oligonucleotides for controlling genetic expression has recently received widespread attention, especially as a new class of potential chemotherapeutic agents. This coupled with the urgency of developing new effective therapies for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to various antis
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:173-83. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174336
Geiser T; Applied Biosystems, Inc., Foster City, California 94404.
The therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides will heavily depend on a balance of two factors: pharmacologic effectiveness and cost of production. Pharmacologic optimization will be achieved to a limited degree in in vitro systems, but substantial progress can only be made in the context of appropriate in vi
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:184-200. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174337
Rossi JJ; Cantin EM; Zaia JA; Ladne PA; Chen J; Stephens DA; Sarver N; Chang PS; Department of Molecular Genetics, Beckman Research Institute of; the City of Hope Durate, California 91010.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:205-16. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174339
Fridland A; Johnson MA; Cooney DA; Ahluwalia G; Marquez VE; Driscoll JS; Johns DG; Department of Biochemical and Clinical Pharmacology, St. Jude; Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101.
Of the dideoxynucleosides described to date, the purine analogues ddA and ddI have exhibited very favorable therapeutic ratios in vitro. ddI is presently undergoing extensive phase I-II clinical trials. Whereas the action of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is usually to convert a gi
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:270-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174346
Gordon MR; Truckenmiller ME; Recker DP; Dickerson DR; Kuta E; Kulaga H; Kindt TJ; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:328-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174353
Yarchoan R; Pluda JM; Perno CF; Mitsuya H; Thomas RV; Wyvill KM; Broder S; Clinical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
Several dideoxynucleosides, including 3 -azido-2 ,3 -dideoxythymidine (zidovudine, azidothymidine, AZT ), 2 ,3 -dideoxycytidine ( ddC ), and 2 ,3 -dideoxyinosine (ddI), have been shown t
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:398-407. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174359
Bronson JJ; Ho HT; De Boeck H; Woods K; Ghazzouli I; Martin JC; Hitchcock MJ; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pharmaceutical Research and Development; Division, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-7660.
Our studies have shown that the acyclic nucleotide analogues PMEA and HPMPC are able to penetrate into cells and are then activated to mono- and diphosphate derivatives. The latter correspond to triphosphate analogues and presumably serve an important role in the biological activity exerted by these antiviral agents.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:461-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174366
Kirkpatrick CH; Conrad D. Stephenson Laboratory for Research in Immunology,; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and; Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:73-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174370
Navia MA; McKeever BM; Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey; 07065.
Functional HIV-1 protease (PR) is required for the maturation of viral proteins, for the appearance of characteristic structural features in the virion (as determined by electron microscopy), and for the final assembly of mature virus. Most importantly, HIV-1 PR activity is required for the development of infectivity.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:90-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174372
Sunkara PS; Kang MS; Bowlin TL; Liu PS; Tyms AS; Sjoerdsma A; Merrell Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45215.
Inhibitors of glycoprotein processing enzymes have been shown to have activity against HIV. Several analogues of the known glucosidase I inhibitor, castanospermine (CAST), were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on glucosidases and for antiviral activity against Moloney murine leukemia virus (MOLV)
AIDS Educ Prev. 1990 Winter;2(4):253-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91144975
Neaigus A; Sufian M; Friedman SR; Goldsmith DS; Stepherson B; Mota P; Pascal J; Des Jarlais DC; Narcotic and Drug Research Inc., New York, NY 10013.
Considerable voluntary risk reduction has occurred among IVDUs in New York City. The purpose of the AIDS Outreach Project was to improve upon the existing level of risk reduction by providing information and anonymous HIV testing to street-recruited IVDUs. Intake and follow-up interviews were conducted with 121 subjec
AIDS Educ Prev. 1990 Winter;2(4):284-95. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91144977
Crystal S; Dengelegi L; Beck P; Dejowski E; AIDS Research Group, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy,; and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.
As part of an 1988-89 evaluation of New Jersey s newly established HIV Notification Assistance Program (NAP), data were collected concerning number of HIV+ persons providing contact names; contact characteristics; reactions to NAP of HIV counselors, their clients, and of notified contacts; and program costs. There was
Porcine or bovine factor VIII concentrates (FVIII:C) have been used during the past 3 decades to control bleeding in patients who have developed antibodies to human factor VIII. Since current preparations of animal FVIII:C are not known to transmit infectious agents such as hepatitis or human immunodeficiency virus, t
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1990;12(7):737-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91153900
Reddy MM; McKinley G; Englard A; Grieco MH; R. A. Cooke Institute of Allergy, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital; Center New York, New York 10019.
Circulating HIV P24 antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, soluble CD8, soluble interleukin-2 receptor and TNF alpha levels were measured in 20 patients (9 with ARC and 11 with AIDS) treated with azidothymidine ( AZT ) and in 12 patients (3 with ARC
The transmission of HIV by Factor VIII concentrates is the cause of AIDS in hemophiliacs. The yield of Factor VIII in the concentrate depends on the purification level and the applied inactivation procedure of viruses. Because of the high concentration of fibrinogen and the other proteins in cryoprecipitate, heat inac
Med Dosim. 1990 Dec;15(4):221-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91158823
Janjan NA; Zellmer DL; Lois P; Gillin MT; Hackbarth D; Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Radiation Oncology,; Milwaukee 53226.
Cutaneous involvement by Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) is frequently diffuse, requiring large field irradiation. Selective tissue compensation techniques, accomplished with either a 1.5 cm bolus cast or water bath phantom, are compared. Dosimetric determinations were performed using 6 MVX with bone heterogeneity corrections.
Kapila M; Overseas Development Administration, London, United Kingdom.
During the past decade, the shadow of AIDS has lengthened to touch the lives of many millions of people around the world. The AIDS epidemic is now a global phenomenon with significant social, economic, demographic, legislative and political implications, as well as crucial practical concerns for civil rights, public h
Mannucci PM; Gringeri A; Cattaneo M; Centro Emofilia e Trombosi Angelo Bianchi Bonomi, Universita; degli Studi ed Ospedale Maggiore, Milano.
Manufacturers are attempting to increase the purity of FVIII concentrates. A strategy pursued by some is that of including a purification step (gel filtration, ion-exchange or affinity chromatography) that yields concentrates with an intermediate or final specific activity of 35 to 250 IU FVIII/mg of protein. The spec
Lucey DR; Hendrix CW; Andrzejewski C; McGlasson D; Ward WW; Melcher GP; Zajac RA; Boswell RN; Department of Medicine, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center,; Lackland AFB, TX.
Development of a serologic test which detects antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) allowed us to compare the seroprevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B in 493 persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These persons, none of whom are hemophiliacs, are part of the US Air Force HIV Natural Hist
Sonnerborg A; Abebe A; Strannegard O; Dept. of Virology, Central Microbiological Laboratory of; Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
Serum specimens from 111 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected and 183 HIV-1 seronegative patients were analysed for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay. Anti-HCV and anti-HBV antibodies were
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:287-98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174348
McClure HM; Anderson DC; Ansari AA; Fultz PN; Klumpp SA; Schinazi RF; Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, School of Medicine,; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
Infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) has been established as an excellent animal model system for studying the pathogenesis of an HIV-like virus and for evaluating newly developed antiretroviral drugs and vaccines. Based on their genetic, antigenic, and biologic properties, the simian
McCabe RE; Section of Infectious Diseases, Martinez VA Medical Center.
Toxoplasmosis should be considered as a potential pathogen in cancer patients who have clinical syndromes, especially lymphadenopathy, for which the cause is not clear. Patients with reticuloendothelial malignancies or solid cancers treated with systemic chemotherapy or with progressive disease appear to be at particu
Heng MC; Lambertus M; Goetz MB; Division of Dermatology, UCLA-San Fernando Valley International; Medicine Program, VA Medical Center, Sepulveda 91343.
Latency of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been demonstrated in both helper T-Lymphocytes and cells of the macrophage/monocyte series. Although mitogen-dependent amplification of HIV infection within lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages has been demonstrated to occur in vitro, in vivo evidence of such a ph
Cellular and humoral immunity was examined in 32 children infected with human immunodeficiency virus, living in the Kalmyk ASSR. For comparison purposes, examinations were also made of 6 healthy children and 11 children afflicted with different diseases, living in the same republic. A dramatic lowering of the absolute
Chenoweth N; Mayberry W; Tishk M; McGlynn FD; Scott L; UMKC School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO.
Pediatric dentists are at increasing risk of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, a nationwide survey was conducted to describe pediatric dentists use of barrier techniques and infection-control procedures and to identify factors that might impede their use. Questionnaires were mailed to a r
The case histories of three female patients are presented (two of them diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia, one as endogenous depression in the course of involution), who manifested the delusion of AIDS disease in the psychopathological image of their primary illness. This novel content of delusional symptomatology ap
Brain Res. 1990 Oct 29;531(1-2):148-58. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91145668
Heyes MP; Gravell M; London WT; Eckhaus M; Vickers JH; Yergey JA; April M; Blackmore D; Markey SP; Section on Analytical Biochemistry, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Sustained increases in CSF concentrations of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN) occur in patients with AIDS and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the AIDS dementia complex. Macaques in captivity may also develop immunodeficiency syndromes caused by retrovirus infectio
A 46 year old AIDS-patient, who had developed CMV-retinitis was treated with the virostatic drug dihydroxypropoxymethylguanine (DHPG, Ganciclovir) over a period of 16 months until he died due to a pneumonia. After the DHPG-treatment was initiated the retinitis improved markedly, however there still was a very slow pro
Kumar S; Andrew ME; Boyle DB; Brandon RB; Lavin MF; Daniel RC; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation,; Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria.
Recombinant vaccinia viruses (VV) containing the envelope gene of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) were constructed. Three virus constructs were designed: VV-BLV1 which contained the open reading frame for envelope glycoprotein gp51 alone, under control of VVP7.5 promoter; VV-BLV2 and VV-BLV3 contained the entire gene (gp
Palestro CJ; Kim CK; Needle LB; Goldsmith SJ; Andre Meyer Department of Physics-Nuclear Medicine, Mount Sinai; School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.
Evermann JF; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, College; of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman; 99164-6610.
Retroviral infections of livestock have become of increasing importance due to their usefulness as comparative models for human retroviral infections and their effects upon animal health and marketability of animals and animal products nationally and internationally. This paper presents a perspective on the retrovirus
Watarai S; Onuma M; Yamamoto S; Yasuda T; Institute for Environmental Medicine, Okayama University Medical; School, Tottori.
The effect of galactocerebroside 3 -sulfate (sulfatide) or cholesterol sulfate on syncytium formation induced by bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV)-infected cells was investigated in vitro. Sulfatide was purified from bovine brain and incorporated in liposomes which were composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), chol
Li HL; Kmiec EB; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of; California, Davis 95616.
In vitro transcription experiments using a Xenopus laevis cell-free extract have demonstrated that a DNA fragment containing a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) significantly enhances the expression of a methionine tRNA gene. This stimulation can be observed when the element is located in cis or trans. In the cis
Bove JR; Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New; Haven, Connecticut.
Although the major diseases transmitted by transfusion today are AIDS and hepatitis, many others also are known. These include CMV , syphilis, Chagas disease, babesiosis, parvovirus B19, malaria, Epstein-Barr infection, and many others that have been reported onl
The well-documented viral safety of albumin arises from several factors operating in concert, including virus removal during preparation, immune neutralization, serendipitous inactivation, virus sterilization through pasteurization. Safety with respect to HBV transmission was achieved even prior to the development of
D'Onofrio C; Bonmassar E; Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, II; University of Rome, Italy.
Retroviruses of the HTLV and HIV subfamilies share a number of similar properties in terms of route of transmission and ultimate targeting to CD4+ T-cells, which results in leukaemic transformation in the case of HTLV and in depletion of CD4+ population and failure of T-helper function in HIV-infected individuals. Bot
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1990 Nov;18(4):385-91. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91166965
McCluskey P; Wakefield D; Morgan M; Binneter R; Laboratory of Ocular Immunology, School of Pathology, University; of NSW, Kensington, Australia.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection of the retina is the commonest potentially blinding ocular manifestation of AIDS. Recently the acyclic nucleoside dihydroxypropoxymethyl guanine (DHPG, ganciclovir) has become available to treat sight-threatening CMV retinopathy.
Maruyama T; Sato Y; Horii T; Shiota H; Nitta K; Shirasaka T; Mitsuya H; Honjo M; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University,; Japan.
9-Cyclobutyladenine (4a), cis- and trans-9-[3- (hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]adenine (4b) and 9-[3,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]adenine(4d) were prepared from the corresponding cyclobutylamine derivatives (1a, 1b and 1d). Guanine congeners (9a, cis- and trans-9b and 9d) and carbocyclic oxetanocin G (1 ,2 -trans-9f) were
Sillevis Smitt PA; Portegies P; Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, The; Netherlands.
A case of Fisher s syndrome in association with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection is described. Although Guillain-Barre syndrome is frequently observed in HIV-1 infection, Fisher s syndrome in association with HIV-1 infection has, to our knowledge, never been described. We propose to test patients presenting wi
Klin Med (Mosk). 1990 Oct;68(10):99-102. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91171630
Galkin IuN; Nilson JO; Erikssen T; Bychenko BL
Standard HIV infection classifications are reviewed. They are considered impracticable for complexity, insufficient specificity, difficult application. The original clinical experience with a group of AIDS inpatients allowed the authors to propose a new scheme of detecting adults infected with HIV.
Kato N; Hijikata M; Ootsuyama Y; Nakagawa M; Ohkoshi S; Shimotohno K; Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute,; Tokyo, Japan.
The nucleotide sequences of cDNAs (275 base-pairs) in the non-structural protein 5 regions of Japanese isolates of hepatitis C virus (HCV-J) from the plasma of 11 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis and the livers of five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed. Approximately 14 to 17% of nucleotide sequ
Albertini M; Bourrier T; Deville A; Sudaka I; Laffont C; Marty P; Boutte P; Mariani R; Clinique medicale infantile, hopital de Cimiez, Nice, France.
Sixteen bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed in 15 children with HIV1 seropositivity, 12 of them being infected by HIV1. BAL was performed during episodes of acute pneumonitis with respiratory distress (group I: three cases) or without severity (group II: five cases), or in the presence of asymptomatic radiolo
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:258-69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174345
Hoover EA; Zeidner NS; Mullins JI; Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; 80523.
AZT inhibited replication of an immunodeficiency-inducing strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV-FAIDS) in vitro at concentrations as low as 0.005 microgram/mL. This antiviral activity was augmented an additional 25-30% when AZT was combined with human
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:452-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174365
Whitley RJ; Connell J; Markiewicz MA; Sommadossi JP; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
Two novel antiviral pharmacologic strategies were used for therapy of life- and sight-threatening cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection; these were continuous drug infusion by portable pump and individualized patient regimen. 9-(1,
New Biol. 1990 May;2(5):479-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91145352
Sadaie MR; Tschachler E; Valerie K; Rosenberg M; Felber BK; Pavlakis GN; Klotman ME; Wong-Staal F; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Ultraviolet light (UV) is known to cause activation of gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promoter. To address the question of whether tat-defective HIV-1 provirus could be rescued by UV irradiation we examined its effect on HeLa cells containing integrated proviruses with tat mutatio
Klin Wochenschr. 1990 Dec 17;68(24):1203-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91148282
Kamradt T; Niese D; Brackmann HH; Schneweis KE; Kamps B; van Loo B; Euler P; Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Universitatsklinik Bonn.
Of 686 hemophiliacs who are being treated at our institution, 402 (59%) are HIV-sero-positive. One hundred seventy-eight heterosexual partners of HIV-infected hemophiliacs have been serologically examined; 19 (11%) are HIV-positive. So far none of the seropositive partners suffers from ARC or AIDS. The rate of heteros
Sandler SG; Fang C; Williams A; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.
Modifications in donor screening and the introduction of laboratory testing of donated blood for anti-HIV-1 and anti-HTLV-I have resulted in a significant reduction in the risks of retroviral infections from blood transfusion. Presently, the American Red Cross detects an average of eight carriers of human immunodefici
Nathwani D; Green ST; Heslop JM; Goldberg DJ; Kennedy DH; Department of Infection & Tropical Medicine, Ruchill Hospital,; Glasgow, Scotland.
A man with AIDS is described in whom a profound weight loss was converted into a weight gain by treatment with megoestrol acetate, a synthetic progesterone. His appetite improved and was accompanied by a feeling of improved well-being. Following abrupt discontinuation of the drug, there was a significant but transient
Bukrinsky MI; Vzorov AN; Bukrinskaya AG; D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
Recombinant vaccinia strains vC5 and vE234L expressing the rp50 and rgp160/rgp120 recombinant proteins were used in immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. No false reactions were found, although 30 sera giving false reactivity with gag or env encoded proteins in a commercial immunoblot assay were included into the
Drug Metab Dispos. 1990 Sep-Oct;18(5):654-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91168738
Ray GF; Mason WD; Badr MZ; School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri.
The pharmacokinetics of 2 ,3 -dideoxyinosine (ddlno) was examined in the male Fischer 344 rat using reversed phase HPLC with UV and radiochemical detection. Following iv doses of 12, 25, and 100 mg/kg, the parent drug was rapidly eliminated from plasma (mean residence time, 6.3 min; systemic clearance, 64 ml/min/kg).
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:307-17. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174351
Ruegg CL; Engleman EG; Department of Pathology, L235, Stanford University School of; Medicine, California 94305.
The inability of CD4+ T cells of HIV-1-infected patients to mount an effective immune response is widely believed to explain the increased susceptibility of these patients to opportunistic infections. Although the full explanation for T-cell dysfunction in HIV-1 infection is not yet understood, at least two fundamenta
Can J Surg. 1991 Feb;34(1):41-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91145825
La Prairie AJ; Gross M; Victoria General Hospital, Halifax.
The banking of femoral heads from patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty provides a valuable resource for orthopedic surgery. Quality assurance of the banked bone used in clinical procedures requires documented policies for screening, procuring, storing and distributing. Potential donors are screened at the time
Isaacman SH; Closen ML; John Marshall Law School, Chicago, IL.
Since 1851, individuals have successfully sued physicians for injuries sustained through infectious disease transmission from the physicians patients. Liability to third parties must be considered in the management of patients with infectious diseases. Because of this potential liability, physicians with human immuno
Moeller JR; Strother SC; Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,; New York, New York.
This article provides a complete description of the subprofile scaling model (SSM) approach to the analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) data. The goals and assumptions underlying the development of SSM are outlined, and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed. It is demonstrated that all obtainable inform
Strother SC; Liow JS; Moeller JR; Sidtis JJ; Dhawan VJ; Rottenberg DA; Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,; New York, New York.
This article addresses the question posed in the title by examining the effects of parameters traditionally associated with improved absolute quantitation, on the analysis of 12 acquired immune deficiency syndrome dementia complex (ADC) patients compared to a normal control group.
Rottenberg DA; Moeller JR; Strother SC; Dhawan V; Sergi ML; Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,; New York, New York.
Although we and others have employed a thresholding strategy to extract peak values from positron emission tomographic (PET) regions of interest (ROIs), the effects of peak picking on fitted fluorodeoxyglucose rate constants, regional metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) profiles, patterns of regional metabolic covari
Battan R; Mariuz P; Raviglione MC; Sabatini MT; Mullen MP; Poretsky L; Department of Medicine, Cabrini Medical Center, New York, New; York 10003.
A 49-yr-old homosexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with a left-sided neck mass. He was found to have a firm goiter. He was clinically euthyroid, but had laboratory evidence of primary hypothyroidism. Radioactive iodine scan of the thyroid showed homogeneous uptake over an enlarged right lobe
Dickson DW; Mattiace LA; Kure K; Hutchins K; Lyman WD; Brosnan CF; Department of Pathology, Neuropathology, Albert Einstein College; of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
In conclusion, there is overwhelming evidence that within the CNS the primary sites of active HIV-1 infection are microglia. CNS infection may be related to the normal repopulation of the CNS by monocytes (microglial turnover) that carry latent infection into the CNS. Activation of viral infection may depend upon micr
Rounds KA; Galinsky MJ; Stevens LS; School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; 27599.
People with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) living in rural areas have difficulty obtaining needed information and support. Bringing support groups into the homes of rural residents through telephone conference call technology is an innovative practice strategy to address this problem. The authors describe
Stuntzner-Gibson D; Oregon Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence, Portland; 97214.
Women are the fastest growing category of people with AIDS in the United States , yet this fact has been consistently ignored in the social work literature. Social workers expertise is needed to curtail the escalating social crisis of women with HIV disease. This article addresses the
Peterson KJ; University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence 66045.
A study was conducted to assess social workers knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 500 members of the National Association of Social Workers in July 1988. Three hundred seventy-nine (75.8 percent) members responded, and limited demographic com
Diaz YE; Kelly JA; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
This article presents the results of a survey of 70 master of social work (MSW) programs to determine the extent and manner in which educational curricula include instruction on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Most programs offer students training in foundation areas pertinent to AIDS, including health and
McDonell JR; Abell N; Miller J; Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve; University, Cleveland, OH 44106.
This article presents a model for assessing psychosocial factors that influence family members willingness to care for people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Factors that may influence willingness to care include caregiver resources and coping characteristics, the degree to which the person with AIDS
Reamer FG; Rhode Island College, School of Social Work, Providence 02908.
This article discusses social workers obligations in cases where clients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pose a threat to a third party. Emphasis is on cases where a client diagnosed with AIDS withholds that information from a sexual partner. Legal and ethical issues concerning the limits of confident
Huggins J; Elman N; Baker C; Forrester RG; Lyter D; Persad Center, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15224-1616.
Fifty-six gay and bisexual men were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. Twenty-two subjects who tested positive, 22 subjects who tested negative, and 12 subjects who chose not to learn the test results were surveyed by questionnaire after one week and after about six months after testing. Subjects
Getzel GS; Hunter College, School of Social Work, New York, NY 10021.
Four modes of positive survival with AIDS are described and analyzed as they appear in support groups for people with AIDS. The beneficent, artistic-spiritual, heroic, and rational-instrumental survival modes are seen as compromise solutions to the twin fears of life and death described by Rank. This analysis is a non
Veeken H; Verbeek J; Houweling H; Cobelens F; Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
A literature review revealed 33 reports of health care workers who have contracted HIV infection as a result of their work. Four of these were expatriate doctors who had worked in Africa. The commonest mode of transmission was needlestick injury, but several infections acquired through contact or skin or mucous membra
Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 Mar;86(3):331-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91150733
Comer GM; Mittal MK; Donelson SS; Lee TP; Department of Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, College of; Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Fulminant hepatitis occurs in only 1% of acute hepatitis B patients, requiring hospitalization, but coinfection with delta virus increases the incidence. Hepatitis B and D infection are commonly associated with intravenous drug abuse, but there have been no previous reports of an association with nonparenteral cocaine
Ann Rheum Dis. 1991 Feb;50(2):115-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91151124
Buskila D; Gladman DD; Gilmore J; Salit IE; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto General; Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who developed Behcet s disease is described. As various vasculitis syndromes have been encountered recently in association with HIV infection it is suggested that Behcet s disease may be related to the HIV infection in this patient.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Feb 28;175(1):1-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91151332
Handa A; Hoshino H; Nakajima K; Adachi M; Ikeda K; Achiwa K; Itoh T; Suzuki Y; Department of Hygiene, Gunma University School of Medicine,; Japan.
Four kinds of gangliosides, namely GM1a, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b and their sulfated derivatives were examined for antiviral activities against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and abilities to modulate CD4 antigen on the cell surface. The infection of human T cells with the virus was markedly inhibited by treatment wit
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Feb 28;175(1):98-103. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91151383
White KN; Nosaka T; Kanamori H; Hatanaka M; Honjo T; Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Faculty of; Medicine, Japan.
In this study we investigated the mechanism of stabilisation of IL-2 receptor alpha subunit mRNA by the HTLV-I protein p27rex. We tested the role of the nucleolar targetting signal in rex by introducing mutations. Three deletion mutants could not express rex protein in
As nurses care for ever increasing numbers of AIDS patients, they will face increased challenges that will tax knowledge and skill levels. To make the appropriate assessments and decisions about care and educational needs of the patient, the nurse needs a complete knowledge base that includes information about the pat
Idziorek T; Klatzmann D; Laboratoire de Biologie et Genetique des Infections; Retrovirales, Bat. CERVI-Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France.
We used a bifunctional reagent for the design of a new therapeutic agent constructed by cross-linking a soluble form of the CD4 protein to red blood cell membranes. CD4 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and is the receptor for the AIDS virus, HIV. We produced soluble CD4 in eucaryotic cells transfecte
BMJ. 1991 Jan 26;302(6770):203-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91152295
Peters BS; Beck EJ; Coleman DG; Wadsworth MJ; McGuinness O; Harris JR; Pinching AJ; Department of Immunology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School,; London.
OBJECTIVE--To study the changes in morbidity, mortality, and survival patterns in a population of patients with AIDS in the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1989. DESIGN--A retrospective analysis of inpatient and outpatient records of patients with AIDS. SUBJECTS--347 Patients with AIDS, pr
OBJECTIVE--To describe a nosocomial outbreak of cryptosporidiosis during four months after June 1989. SETTING--A department of infectious diseases in Copenhagen, seeing about half the patients with AIDS in Denmark . SUBJECTS--73 HIV
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1991;27(4):285-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91152818
Chapman DE; Powis G; Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic & Foundation, Rochester,; MN 55905.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure was developed to examine the preclinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of 2-chloro-2 ,3 -dideoxyadenosine (ClddAd). The HPLC assay for ClddAd in human plasma was linear from 0.25 to 500 micrograms ClddAd/ml. Coefficients of variation for the measurement of
Allen CM; Craze J; Grundy A; Department of Radiology, St George's Hospital, London.
Mycobacteria are the most common bacterial infections occurring in AIDS patients. Although the gastrointestinal tract is commonly involved, there has been only one case report of oesophageal infection. We report a patient in whom oesophageal tuberculosis was the presenting feature of AIDS and review the features of my
Mottez E; Jaulin C; Godeau F; Choppin J; Levy JP; Kourilsky P; Unite de Biologie Moleculaire du Gene, INSERM U.277, Institut; Pasteur, Paris, France.
Single-chain mouse Kd molecules (SC-Kd) were engineered by connecting residue 276 of Kd heavy chain to the first residue of beta 2-microglobulin through spacers of various lengths, and expressed intracellularly in monkey COS-1 cells. Labeled SC-Kd molecules were found to react with several monoclonal antibodies which
Kekow J; Wachsman W; McCutchan JA; Gross WL; Zachariah M; Carson DA; Lotz M; Rheumaklinik Bad Bramstedt, Federal Republic of Germany.
We reported previously that PBMC from HIV+ patients spontaneously release increased levels of TGF beta 1, contributing to defects in cellular immune responses. This study defines the implications of TGF beta overexpression for humoral immunity in HIV infection. We found that upon Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) st
Janssen F; Zelinsky-Gurung A; Caumes E; Decazes JM; Service de Dermatologie, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
A rapidly enlarging left inguinal adenitis, with positive groove sign, and fever, chills, malaise, hypotension, headache, scarlatiniform rash, choleroid diarrhea, and proteinuria developed in an homosexual man who was positive for human immunodeficiency virus. The needle aspiration of the inguinal mass showed group A
Smith KO; Ludwig MJ; Stigall BW; Boswell N; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science; Center, San Antonio 78284-7758.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique is described which utilizes a commercially available glass microscope slide coated with hydrophobic teflon in such a pattern as to give 30 small circular wells, each of which has a glass bottom. Each well serves as a solid phase, analogous to a microtiter well for
Hayward RA; Kravitz RL; Shapiro MF; Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; 48109-0376.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the educational strategies and experiences of residency programs regarding the training of primary care providers in the care of patients who have AIDS. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire survey. SETTING: Survey conducted November 1988-April 1989. PARTICIPANTS: All 771 non-
Stein MD; Piette J; Mor V; Wachtel TJ; Fleishman J; Mayer KH; Carpenter CC; Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode; Island.
OBJECT: To evaluate socioeconomic factors that determine whether symptomatic HIV-infected persons are offered zidovudine ( AZT ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted as part of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation s AIDS Health Services Program. SETT
Stretcher BN; Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of; Medicine, Ohio.
Zidovudine, the only drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of AIDS, has well-documented efficacy, but numerous toxic side effects. Despite considerable knowledge of the pharmacology of the drug, however, a therapeutic concentration range has not been established. This article rev
Yolken RH; Hart W; Oung I; Shiff C; Greenson J; Perman JA; Department of Pediatrics, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Because gastrointestinal dysfunction is a major problem in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we utilized breath hydrogen measurements to determine the relationship between disaccharide malabsorption and gastrointestinal dysfunction in HIV-infected children. We found a strong association betwe
Miles AJ; Connolly GM; Barton SE; Allen-Mersh TG; Hawkins DA; Gazzard BG; Wastell C; Department of Surgery, Westminster Hospital, London.
A study of the outcome of surgical treatment of ulceration of the anal margin occurring in male homosexuals with HIV infection was undertaken. Ten patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and three patients with symptomatic HIV infection were referred to the Department of Surgery with painful anal ulceration w
JAMA. 1991 Mar 27;265(12):1533-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91155197
Panlilio AL; Foy DR; Edwards JR; Bell DM; Welch BA; Parrish CM; Culver DH; Lowry PW; Jarvis WR; Perlino CA; Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control,; Atlanta, GA 30333.
Operating room personnel are at risk for infection with blood-borne pathogens through blood contact. To describe the nature and frequency of blood contact and its risk factors, trained observers monitored a sample of operations performed by six surgical services at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Ga, for 6 months. I
D'Angelo G; Giardini C; Zanco MD; Calvano D; Crovetti G; De Filippo C; Laboratorio Analisi Chimico-Cliniche e Microbiologiche,; Ospedaliero di Somma Lombardo - USL n. 6 - Gallarate (Varese).
The beta 2-Microglobulin is a polypeptide present on the surface membrane of both B and T cells and is integrated into the structure of HLA antigenes. The beta 2-Microglobulin concentration have been used as a reliable indicator of glomerular and tubular function of the kidney. Increased serum concentration of beta 2-
N J Med. 1991 Jan;88(1):39-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91156229
Strazzella WD; Safirstein BH; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center,; Newark 07102.
The authors present clinical, radiographic, and laboratory findings, and the results of therapy for 16 patients with pleural disease and HIV infection. The study underscores the wide variety of etiologies of pleural effusions and recommends a stepwise pragmatic approach in evaluating such patients, making no distincti
Rey I; Schweighoffer F; Barlat I; Camonis J; Boy-Marcotte E; Guilbaud R; Jacquet M; Tocque B; CRVA/IBV, Rhone-Poulenc Sante, Vitry sur Seine, France.
The evidence presented here indicates that the domain containing the COOH-terminal part of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCD25 gene product (C-domain), which is homologous to the COOH-terminal part of CDC25 protein, can elicit activation of mammalian ras proteins in CHO cells. Transfection of expression vectors carryin
Many organ systems are affected in the child with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The cardiac system can also become compromised by this disease. Pediatric nurses need to be able to recognize and interpret dysrhythmias in this group of patients.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 1;88(5):1756-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91156686
Levere RD; Gong YF; Kappas A; Bucher DJ; Wormser GP; Abraham NG; Laboratory of Metabolism and Pharmacology, Rockefeller University; Hospital, New York, NY 10021.
The effects of heme alone and heme administered together with 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ) on human immunodeficiency virus replication in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the H9 cell line were studied. Heme enhanced the antiviral action o
South Med J. 1991 Mar;84(3):294-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91157045
Bowman MA; Fredman L; English DK; Rabin DL; Sardeson K; Taggart VS; Bandemer C; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Bowman Gray School; of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has drawn attention to screening for sexually transmitted diseases by primary care physicians. A telephone survey of primary care physicians in an area with a high incidence of STDs (Washington, DC) to ascertain the determinants and the extent of screening and counseling
South Med J. 1991 Mar;84(3):299-306. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91157046
Carpenter JL; Huang DY; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern; Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9065.
The relative and absolute incidences of community-acquired bacterial and tuberculous pulmonary infections, in patients admitted to a public municipal hospital, and the clinical and radiographic characteristics of these infections were retrospectively determined for the first time in 20 years. The data were compared to
South Med J. 1991 Mar;84(3):394-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91157066
Good CB; Leeper HF; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pa.
Although cryptococcal meningitis is a frequent infection in patients with AIDS, papilledema is rarely reported. We have reported a case of profound papilledema associated with cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with AIDS. After treatment failure with amphotericin B, the patient was successfully treated with fluconaz
South Med J. 1991 Mar;84(3):401-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91157069
Kielhofner MA; Hamill RJ; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Patients infected with HIV are known to have unusual manifestations of a variety of infections. We have described the third reported case of a patient with AIDS having an apparent pyogenic liver abscess subsequently diagnosed as focal hepatic tuberculosis. This case emphasizes the need for aggressive diagnostic proced
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Feb 1;133(3):276-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91157860
Rosenberg PS; Biggar RJ; Goedert JJ; Gail MH; Epidemiologic Methods Section, National Cancer Institute,; Rockville, MD 20892.
The method of backcalculation was applied to national surveillance data on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in order to estimate the cumulative number of adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection as of January 1, 1985 and July 1, 1987. A plausible range of estimates was constructed
Braun MM; Badi N; Ryder RW; Baende E; Mukadi Y; Nsuami M; Matela B; Willame JC; Kaboto M; Heyward W; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta,; Georgia.
To determine the risk of active tuberculosis associated with HIV infection, we retrospectively studied a cohort of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women participating in an HIV perinatal transmission study in Kinshasa, Zaire . After a median follow-up of 32 months, new cases
Wilson ME; von Reyn CF; Fineberg HV; Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
OBJECTIVE: To review risks for infection and to outline strategies to protect the health of travelers infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DATA SOURCES: Original reports and summaries of the geographic distribution and frequency of infections as well as of special risks these infections impose on HIV-infe
Quill TE; Townsend P; Department of Medicine, Genesee Hospital, Rochester, NY 14607.
The narrative from a real patient encounter is used to illustrate the powerful effect that delivering bad news can have on both patient and physician. The meaning of bad news to the patient may be quite different than the medical or the personal meaning to the physician. Differences in perception must be explored and
Hutchinson CM; Rompalo AM; Reichart CA; Hook EW 3d; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Medical records of 341 patients with syphilis seen at a health department sexually transmitted disease clinic were reviewed to assess membership in high-risk subgroups and interactions with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. When compared with the entire clinic population, patients with syphilis tended to b
Dock NL; Kleinman SH; Rayfield MA; Schable CA; Williams AE; Dodd RY; American Red Cross Blood Services, Syracuse, NY 13202.
Interpretation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody results that are indeterminate rather than clearly positive or negative is problematic for the person delivering the result as well as for the individual being tested. To improve counseling messages for these individuals, we evaluated data collected from a
Ferguson KJ; Stapleton JT; Helms CM; Offices of Consultation and Research in Medical Education,; University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.
An American Medical Association committee recently recommended that physicians routinely screen patients for behaviors that put patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection, yet there is evidence that this screening does not occur routinely. Faculty, fellows, and r
Benson CA; Kessler HA; Pottage JC Jr; Trenholme GM; Department of Medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical; Center, Chicago, Ill. 60612.
Disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) typically occurs late in the course of AIDS and is usually disseminated with evidence of multiorgan involvement. Most patients are persistently bacteremic. Previously published studies have noted a poor resp
Hungnes O; Tjotta E; Grinde B; Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health,; Oslo, Norway.
During reverse transcription the synthesis of plus strand viral DNA is initiated from an RNA polypurine primer immediately upstream of the U 3 region. The polypurine tract (PPT) sequence at this site is in HIV-1 also present in the middle of the genome. Here we demonstrate that a subpopulation of linear unintegrated H
Yunoki M; Maotani-Imai K; Kusuda H; Motoyama M; Miyake S; Imai H; Shin YS; Kato S; Sano K; Morita C; et al; Section of Serology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
A total of 81 cell clones persistently infected with the LAV-1 or HTLV-IIIB strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was isolated from cells which were obtained by serial passage of some proliferating MT-4 cells after a drastic cytolysis of most cells by HIV-1-infection. These cell clones were classified
Franzblau A; Letz R; Hershman D; Mason P; Wallace JI; Bekesi JG; Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, University of; Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 48109-2029.
Assessment of neurobehavioral and peripheral neurologic performance among homosexual men was made on two occasions, using a computer-administered neurobehavioral instrument and quantitative vibration threshold testing, respectively. Persons studied included high-risk human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative men (n
Biochemistry. 1991 Mar 5;30(9):2395-406. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159419
Spellman MW; Leonard CK; Basa LJ; Gelineo I; van Halbeek H; Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Genentech,; Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080.
Infection of T-lymphocytes and macrophages by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is mediated by the binding of the HIV envelope glycoprotein to the cell-surface receptor glycoprotein CD4. A soluble, recombinant CD4 molecule (rCD4), produced by expression of a truncated CD4 gene in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells [Sm
Ho WK; Liu SC; Shaw PC; Yeung HW; Ng TB; Chan WY; Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong,; Shatin, N.T.
Using a lambda gt11 cDNA library constructed from the seeds of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia), we have obtained a full length cDNA containing the entire sequence of alpha-momorcharin by immunoscreening. The length of this cDNA is 1044 basepairs long and it consists of an open reading frame coding for a polypep
Va Med Q. 1991 Winter;118(1):32-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159533
Link K
Most patients with HIV infections are asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. Primary care physicians can play a unique and vital role in their care. They should: 1. Look for cases. Treatment can prevent or delay progression of disease. 2. Know how to interpret the serologic tests for HIV infection. 3. Collect an adequ
Cancer. 1991 Mar 15;67(6):1614-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159934
Ree HJ; Strauchen JA; Khan AA; Gold JE; Crowley JP; Kahn H; Zalusky R; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY; 10003.
Hodgkin s disease (HD) was diagnosed in 24 patients who were either seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (21) or members of a high-risk group (three), but had not developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical presentation of the disease was characterized by constitutional symptoms in al
Cancer. 1991 Mar 15;67(6):1622-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159935
Ohshima K; Kikuchi M; Yoshida T; Masuda Y; Kimura N; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Fukuoka University,; Japan.
Lymph nodes were examined from four patients with incipient adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) who had mild lymphadenopathy, fatigue, no or a few atypical lymphocytes in their peripheral blood, and integrated proviral human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) DNA in the nodes. The HTLV-I DNA was detected by
FEBS Lett. 1991 Feb 25;279(2):265-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91160729
Sarubbi E; Nolli ML; Andronico F; Stella S; Saddler G; Selva E; Siccardi A; Denaro M; Lepetit Research Center, MMDRI, Gerenzano VA, Italy.
A novel method for discovery of HIV-1 protease inhibitors in complex biological samples has been developed. The assay is based on two specific reagents: a recombinant protein constituted by a portion of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein comprising the p17-p24 cleavage site,
FEBS Lett. 1991 Feb 25;279(2):356-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91160751
Tozser J; Gustchina A; Weber IT; Blaha I; Wondrak EM; Oroszlan S; Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Carcinogenesis, NCI-Frederic; Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702-1201.
Kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis of the peptide H-Val-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr*Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-NH2 and its analogs obtained by varying the length and introducing substitutions at the P4 site was carried out with both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteinases. Deletion of the terminal Val and Gln had only moderate effect on the substrate h
Van Voorhis BJ; Martinez A; Mayer K; Anderson DJ; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology,; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
We have demonstrated that the polymerase chain reaction is a valid and sensitive technique for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in human semen. The combination of extraction, polymerase chain reaction, and liquid hybridization techniques used in this stu
Janoff EN; Orenstein JM; Manischewitz JF; Smith PD; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,; University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis.
Adenovirus was identified in colonic tissue by transmission electron microscopy or culture in 5 of 67 (7.4%) homosexual men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (51 with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) with diarrhea. Colonoscopy showed the mucosa to be normal in 3 cases and mildly inflamed in 2. Light
Shimokawa I; Higami Y; Sakai H; Moriuchi Y; Murase K; Ikeda T; First Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of; Medicine, Japan.
Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (IML) is an unusual condition characterized by proliferation of lymphoma cells exclusively within the blood vessels. Most of the cases reported are of B-cell origin. We report a rare case of T-cell IML probably associated with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) infection. The pre
Int J Dermatol. 1991 Feb;30(2):104-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91161219
Cohen PR; Held JL; Grossman ME; Ross MJ; Silvers DN; Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of; Columbia University, New York, New York.
A 46-year-old homosexual man with disseminated histoplasmosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection had a histoplasmosis-related ulcerated verrucous plaque above his left upper lip; systemic and cutaneous disease manifestations of histoplasmosis resolved with daily ketoconazole therapy. Disseminated histopl
Int J Dermatol. 1991 Feb;30(2):109-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91161220
Hernandez DE; Perez JR; Wilder J; Muci R; Department of Medicine, Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela.
In the present study, 11 patients with epidemic Kaposi sarcoma were evaluated; 55% were in stage IV and 45% in stage II; in addition, 75% had systemic symptoms, 89% had low total and T-lymphocyte counts, and all of them had not only low T-helper lymphocyte counts but also T-helper/T-suppressor ratios. The majority of
Int J Dermatol. 1991 Feb;30(2):114-20. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91161221
Tebbe B; Mayer-da-Silva A; Garbe C; von Keyserlingk HJ; Orfanos CE; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Steglitz,; Free University of Berlin, Germany.
We report the case of drug-induced, acrolocalized Kaposi sarcoma (KS), arising multicentrically in both palms and soles of a male patient who has had widespread psoriasis since 12 years of age. This 59-year-old man, of Mediterranean origin, was HIV antibody-negative and had received oral prednisolone treatment over 5
Torrents C; Alvarez-Castells A; de Vera PV; Coll S; Solduga C; Puy R; Servicio de Radiodiagnostico, Hospital General Vall d'Hebron,; Barcelona, Spain.
We describe a case of aspergilloma complicating a pulmonary cyst secondary to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an AIDS patient. The utility of CT in the diagnosis is illustrated.
Kelly JA; St Lawrence JS; Brasfield TL; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Sciences, Medical; College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
Sixty-eight gay men who earlier attended AIDS prevention sessions were longitudinally followed for 16 months and categorized as successful or unsuccessful in change maintenance. Psychological and behavioral data obtained prior to entry in the prevention program were used as variables to predict long-term change. Resum
Comer RW; Myers DR; Steadman CD; Carter MJ; Rissing JP; Tedesco FJ; Department of Oral Diagnosis and Patient Services, Medical; College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta 30912.
Health care workers who are HIV positive or who have AIDS are faced with unique and perplexing problems. Likewise dental students who are HIV positive present a special circumstance that demands review of ethical, legal, managerial, and medical considerations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the management co
Kamiyama M; Arkel YS; Chen K; Shido K; Blood Research Institute, St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark,; NJ 07102.
We have studied the conditions of in vitro binding of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) to fibrinogen and applied the results to identify and measure the serum inhibitors to the binding. For the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, platelet extract was delivered to a fibrinogen-coated microtiter plate that was
Dalton AD; Harcourt-Webster JN; Department of Histopathology, St Stephen's Hospital, London, U.K.
The right testis and epididymis were removed at necropsy from 31 patients who had died with AIDS and examined microscopically. The testes showed interstitial fibrosis in 22 cases, thickening of seminiferous tubule basement membranes in an overlapping 21, and varying degrees of maturation impairment in all. Arrest of s
Rams TE; Andriolo M Jr; Feik D; Abel SN; McGivern TM; Slots J; Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of; Dental Medicine, Philadelphia.
The subgingival microbiota in 14 persons with HIV-periodontitis was examined. Subgingival plaque samples were collected with paper points, transported in VMGA III, and plated on anaerobic enriched brucella blood agar and various selective media. HIV-periodontitis sites revealed Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Wo
J Med Chem. 1991 Mar;34(3):1137-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91162549
Molema G; Jansen RW; Visser J; Herdewijn P; Moolenaar F; Meijer DK; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Groningen University,; The Netherlands.
In order to investigate whether neoglycoproteins can potentially act as carriers for targeting of antiviral drugs to certain cell types in the body, various neoglycoproteins were synthesized using thiophosgene-activated p-aminophenyl sugar derivatives. These neoglycoproteins were conjugated with the 5 -monophosphate f
J Med Chem. 1991 Mar;34(3):1222-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91162560
Rich DH; Sun CQ; Vara Prasad JV; Pathiasseril A; Toth MV; Marshall GR; Clare M; Mueller RA; Houseman K; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
Takeuchi Y; Akutsu M; Murayama K; Shimizu N; Hoshino H; Department of Hygiene, Gunma University School of Medicine,; Japan.
We have isolated a variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which is highly infectious to fibroblastlike cells (BT cells) derived from human brain as well as CD4-positive T cells. This variant HIV-1, named HIV[GUN-1V], was obtained by infecting BT cells with a prototype HIV-1 isolate, named HIV[GUN-1WT],
Oldstone MB; Tishon A; Lewicki H; Dyson HJ; Feher VA; Assa-Munt N; Wright PE; Department of Neuropharmacology, Research Institute of Scripps; Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037.
Thirty-six monoclonal antibodies from mice and three from rats were raised against a peptide corresponding to the immunodominant domain of the transmembrane gp41 protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (LGLWGCSGKLIC; amino acid residues 598 to 609). Of these, three monoclonal antibodies from the mice and
Steinberg HN; Crumpacker CS; Chatis PA; Harvard Thorndike Laboratory, Charles A. Dana Research Institute,; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston,; Massachusetts.
Incubation of normal human nonadherent and T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells with HIVIIIB at multiplicities of infection (MOI) ranging from 0.0001:1 to 1:1 reverse transcriptase (RT) units resulted in the dose-dependent suppression of the in vitro growth of erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E), granulocyte-macrophage
Vartanian JP; Meyerhans A; Asjo B; Wain-Hobson S; Laboratoire de Retrovirologie Moleculaire, Institut Pasteur,; Paris, France.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates are genetically so heterogeneous that they must be described in terms of populations of related but distinct genomes called quasispecies. A recent study of the influence of ex vivo culturing on HIV-1 quasispecies demonstrated that usually low-abundance genomes outgr
Burns DP; Desrosiers RC; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical; School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772.
Genetic and antigenic variation may be one means by which lentiviruses that cause AIDS avoid elimination by host immune responses. Genetic variation in the envelope gene (env) was studied by comparing the nucleotide sequences of 27 clones obtained from two rhesus monkeys infected with molecularly cloned simian immunod
Villinger F; Powell JD; Jehuda-Cohen T; Neckelmann N; Vuchetich M; De B; Folks TM; McClure HM; Ansari AA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of; Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
Polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to identify simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVsmm gag sequences in genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from naturally infected asymptomatic seropositive and seronegative sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) and from experimentally infected but a
A series of synthetic peptides derived from the corresponding regions of the gag, pol, and env proteins of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) were used in an enzyme immunoassay to map the immunodominant epitopes of HTLV. Serum specimens from 79 of 87 (91%) HTLV-I-infected patients reacte
Farnet CM; Haseltine WA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard; Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from cells infected with metabolically radiolabeled virions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 contain viral DNA in association with labeled viral proteins. Viral DNA can be purified from these extracts by gel filtration chromatography and sucrose gradient sedimentation as a part of a
Groenink M; Fouchier RA; de Goede RE; de Wolf F; Gruters RA; Cuypers HT; Huisman HG; Tersmette M; Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion; Service, Amsterdam.
Previously, we and others have demonstrated a relation between the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and biological properties of HIV-1 variants such as replication rate, syncytium-inducing (SI) capacity, and cytotropism. For the molecular analysis of the biological variability i
Davis BR; Schwartz DH; Marx JC; Johnson CE; Berry JM; Lyding J; Merigan TC; Zander A; Geraldine Brush Cancer Research Institute, Medical Research; Institute, San Francisco, California.
An important question in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis is whether HIV-infected bone marrow CD34+ stem/progenitor cells serve as a significant reservoir of virus in HIV-infected individuals. Our data indicate that infection of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells with HIV occurs rarely, if ever, in vivo.
Helseth E; Olshevsky U; Furman C; Sodroski J; Division of Human Retroviology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, Massachusetts.
Insertion of four amino acids into various locations within the amino-terminal halves of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 or gp41 envelope glycoprotein disrupts the noncovalent association of these two envelope subunits (M. Kowalski, J. Potz, L. Basiripour, T. Dorfman, W. C. Goh, E. Terwilliger, A. Dayton
Huang XJ; Hope TJ; Bond BL; McDonald D; Grahl K; Parslow TG; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco; 94143-0506.
Rev protein regulates nuclear export of viral mRNAs that contain a 240-base RNA sequence termed the Rev-response element (RRE). We demonstrate that an 88-base truncated RRE encompassing a known Rev binding site can mediate Rev responsiveness in vivo. Two tandem copies of this mutant function as efficiently as the full
Gwinn M; Pappaioanou M; George JR; Hannon WH; Wasser SC; Redus MA; Hoff R; Grady GF; Willoughby A; Novello AC; et al; Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA; 30333.
A national, population-based survey was initiated in 1988 to measure the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women giving birth to infants in the United States . Following standardized procedures, residual dried-blood specimens collected on filter paper for new
McNeil JG; Brundage JF; Gardner LI; Wann ZF; Renzullo PO; Redfield RR; Burke DS; Miller RN; Department of Epidemiology, Walter Reed Army Institute of; Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.
Because soldiers in the US Army are recurrently tested for the presence of antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV seroconversion rates can be directly measured. From November 1985 through October 1989, 429 HIV seroconversions were detected among 718,780 soldiers who contributed 1,088,447 person-years
The treatment of AIDS patients with zidovudine extends their survival time. However, hematological side effects frequently require a reduction of the dosage and the administration of blood transfusions. We reviewed the history of zidovudine treatment and blood transfusions for 27 patients with AIDS treated in the Univ
Lindsay MK; Feng TI; Peterson HB; Slade BA; Willis S; Klein L; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School; of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Women who receive little or no prenatal care are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Although many of these women are disadvantaged and presumably at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, few data are available to describe risk behaviors and infection prevalence in this populatio
Scully C; Laskaris G; Pindborg J; Porter SR; Reichart P; Department of Oral Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Bristol; Dental Hospital and School, U.K.
Oral lesions are common at all stages of HIV infection. This first of two articles reviews the clinical features and pathogenesis of common oral manifestations of HIV disease (candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi s sarcoma, and HIV-related periodontal disease) and considers current treatment measures.
Scully C; Laskaris G; Pindborg J; Porter SR; Reichart P; Centre for the Study of Oral Disease, University Department of; Oral Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Bristol Dental Hospital and; School, U.K.
This second of two articles reviews the many uncommon and rare oral lesions that have arisen in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The various drug-related oral disorders of HIV disease are also considered.
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1991 Feb 5;80(6):114-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91164645
Zellweger JP
In the middle of the 19th century first signs for decrease of the epidemic importance of tuberculosis were obvious. Now, little more than 100 years after the detection of the pathogen by Robert Koch, the rate of decline suggests virtual eradication of the disease around the year 2025. However, the endemic disease is
Lefrere JJ; Mariotti M; Vittecoq D; Noel B; Courouce AM; Lambin P; Salmon C; Rouger P; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, Hopital Necker,; Paris, France.
The possible existence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in asymptomatic seronegative at-risk individuals was investigated in a prospective study of 55 seronegative high-risk individuals (42 homosexual men and 13 heterosexual individuals) and 32 seronegative hemophiliacs treated with factor VIII
Kakaiya R; Miller WV; Gudino MD; American Red Cross Transplantation Services, St. Louis, Missouri.
Tissue bankers, as well as those transplanting tissues, have been sensitized to the possibility of transmission of fatal infection via tissue transplants, particularly following recent reports of a few cases of AIDS or HIV infection from bone, semen, and skin grafts. It is beyond the scope of this review to describe t
Rosen CA; Department of Molecular Oncology and Virology, Roche Institute of; Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110-119.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression is tightly controlled through the interaction of trans-acting regulatory proteins with the many cis-acting elements present in viral DNA and RNA. Two proteins encoded by HIV, referred to as Tat and Rev, are essential positive regulators of gene expression. Recent work
Schwartz LJ; St Louis Y; Wu R; Wiznia A; Rubinstein A; Saenger P; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,; Bronx, NY 10467.
We sought to determine if failure to thrive in pediatric patients with the human immunodeficiency virus could be explained based on endocrine dysfunction. Fourteen human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric patients, all of whom had adequate nutritional status, underwent endocrine evaluation. Growth hormone and c
Am J Med. 1991 Mar;90(3):328-37. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91165843
Straus DJ; Wong GY; Liu J; Oppenberg J; Filippa DA; Gold JW; Offit K; Clarkson BD; Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer; Center, New York, New York 10021.
PURPOSE: Small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma (SNCL) Burkitt s type, a rapidly growing lymphoma, has been rare among adults in the United States , but has greatly increased in incidence with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. This report details the results of treatment of adul
Am J Public Health. 1991 Apr;81(4):491-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91166027
Valdiserri RO; Cross GD; Gerber AR; Schwartz RE; Hearn TL; Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control,; Atlanta, GA 30333.
We surveyed laboratories to assess their capacity to perform T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping. Of the 1026 respondents, 279 located in 41 states and the District of Columbia performed this type of testing. Most laboratories were located in hospitals, reported a low weekly test volume, and indicated that it took 6-24 wee
Am J Public Health. 1991 Apr;81(4):495-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91166028
White CM; Berger MC; School of Nursing, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; 97201-2098.
To describe experience and readiness to provide care for persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), responses to a mailed survey from 86 percent of chief nursing executives of the 207 hospitals, skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and home health agencies (HHAs) in Oregon were summarized. As of January 1989
Jones PK; Ratnoff OD; Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate relative risk of mortality and median life expectancy for patients with classic hemophilia by a life-table analysis, taking into account deaths that may have occurred in infancy or childhood before the onset of symptoms. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of clinical series. SETTING: Referral-ba
Calabrese LH; Kelley DM; Myers A; O'Connell M; Easley K; Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic; Foundation, OH 44195-5028.
The present study was designed to prospectively evaluate the frequency of rheumatic symptoms in a cohort of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to examine the relationship between such findings and a variety of clinical and epidemiologic variables, and to evaluate the impact of rheumatic sym
Detmar M; Pauli G; Anagnostopoulos I; Wunderlich U; Herbst H; Garbe C; Stein H; Orfanos CE; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Steglitz,; Free University of Berlin, Germany.
A 72-year-old male patient from north-eastern Iran developed the typical clinical and histopathological features of mycosis fungoides with lymphadenopathy, but without any other systemic involvement. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I) antibodies were detected in the patient s s
Chow FP; Sutton PA; Hamburger AW; University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore 21201.
The anaemia induced by 3 -azido-3 dideoxythymidine ( AZT ) is poorly understood. We have used a murine model of AIDS, infection of female C57BL/6 mice with LP-BM5 murine leukaemia (MuLV) virus, to determine if AZT-induced anaemia is due, in part, to dec
Elem B; Patil PS; Lucas SB; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.
Observations are presented on 9 patients recently treated in the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia , for painful urinary frequency, suprapubic pain and microscopic and/or macroscopic haematuria without any demonstrable urinary tract infection. At cystoscopy the bladder mu
Davies JH; Harrison GS; Department of Urology, Royal Hampshire Hospital, Winchester.
Contamination of the eyes by irrigation fluid during transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate was assessed by measuring droplet splashes on to spectacles worn by 2 surgeons. During 30 consecutive operations, droplet splash contamination occurred during every procedure. The number of splashes increased with time.
Green ST; Nathwani D; Goldberg DJ; Paterson PJ; Kennedy DH; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Ruchill Hospital,; Glasgow.
A wide variety of pathologies afflicting the genitourinary tract can be displayed by patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including both infective and neoplastic conditions. Treatment can often be offered for such conditions using a combination of therapeutic approaches. These conditions shou
Le SY; Chen JH; Maizel JV; Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of; Canada, Ottawa.
We have developed a method for detecting more stable and significant folding regions relative to others in the sequence. The algorithm is based on the calculation of the lowest free energy of RNA secondary structures and Monte Carlo simulation. For any given RNA segment, the stability and statistical significance of R
Pelstring RJ; Zellmer RB; Sulak LE; Banks PM; Clare N; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science; Center, San Antonio 78284.
Six patients with Hodgkin s disease (HD) and demonstrable serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and two additional patients with HD belonging to HIV-associated high-risk groups but with negative HIV serology were studied. All patients were men and ranged in age from 21 to 45 years. The HIV risk factor
Prescott JF; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, University; of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Recent isolations of Rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. Earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. This organism ha
Reibnegger G; Spira TJ; Fuchs D; Werner-Felmayer G; Dierich MP; Wachter H; Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Innsbruck,; Austria.
Increased concentrations of neopterin, a marker for cell-mediated immune activation, and decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells, are predictors for progression of disease after infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Previous studies have demonstrated different rates of onset of full-blown acquired immunodefici
Int Dent J. 1991 Feb;41(1):3-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91169662
van der Waal I; Schulten EA; Pindborg JJ; ACTA, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause a variety of oral lesions, such as candidiasis, periodontal disease, hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi s sarcoma and a number of miscellaneous lesions and conditions. One hundred HIV-infected patients, including AIDS patients, referred to a University Hospital in
Int J Cancer. 1991 Mar 12;47(5):692-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91169681
Rabkin CS; Biggar RJ; Horm JW; Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
We examined data from San Francisco and other areas participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to determine the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on cancer incidence between 1973 and 1987. In this period, non-Hodgkin s lympho
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(1):127-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91169722
Krieger N; Margo G; Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute,; Oakland, CA 94611.
Around the world, more and more women--principally poor women of color--are being diagnosed with and are dying of AIDS, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Yet, effective and appropriate prevention programs for women are sorely missing from the global program to control AIDS. To help us understand why this gap ex
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(1):131-42. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91169723
Carovano K; AIDSCOM/JHU, Washington, DC 20037.
Women are increasingly at risk for AIDS. At the root of this risk is women s relative lack of control over their bodies and their lives. Those women with least control, generally poor women of color, are at greatest risk in both developed and developing countries. To date, AIDS prevention programs have ignored most wo
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(1):143-56. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91169724
Bassett MT; Mhloyi M; Department of Community Medicine, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
As the AIDS epidemic in Africa assumes major proportions, the need to understand the social context in which heterosexual transmission occurs takes on urgent importance. In this article we explore how the intersection of traditional culture with the colonial legacy and present-day political economy has influenced fami
Int J Health Serv. 1991;21(1):157-73. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91169725
Jochelson K; Mothibeli M; Leger JP; St. Antony's College, Oxford, England.
The authors investigate the impact of the migrant labor system on heterosexual relationships on South African mines and assess the implications for the future transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The migrant labor system has created a market for prostitution in mining towns and geographic netw
Health Care Manage Rev. 1991 Winter;16(1):73-81. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91169799
Fenton JW Jr; Kinard JL; David FR; Francis Marion College in Florence, South Carolina.
Hospital human resource managers were surveyed to determine their understanding of negligent hiring employment law and the tools used in employment screening. This article describes the results, which indicate that hospital human resource managers understand the law but that there are gaps in the use of some employmen
DeWeese TL; Hazuka MB; Hommel DJ; Kinzie JJ; Daniel WE; Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Health; Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
The records of all 16 patients with AIDS-related lymphoma treated with radiation therapy at our institutions were reviewed. All patients were male with a median age of 32 years, and all but one had biopsy proven high-grade NHL. Eleven had lymphoma involving the central nervous system and five had lymphoma involving ot
Summers MF; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland; Baltimore County, Baltimore 21228.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been used to address issues regarding the relevance and feasibility of zinc binding to zinc finger-like sequences of the type C-X2-C-X4-H-X4-C [referred to as CCHC or retroviral-type (RT) zinc finger sequences]. One-dimensional (1D) NMR experiments with an 18-residue synth
Boulier IC; Myskowski PL; Torre DP; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,; New York, New York 10021.
During cryosurgery of different types of lesions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, it is crucial that the possibility of secondary bacterial infection be reduced. The use of disposable attachments during cryosurgery can reduce this risk of transmission of infectious agents. These attachments are
Tristem M; Hill F; Karpas A; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge Clinical; School, U.K.
We report the complete nucleotide sequence of a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolate from Guinea-Bissau (HIV-2CAM2). The genomic organization of HIV-2CAM2 is identical to that of other HIV-2 isolates but contains a stop codon in the pol gene. The deduced amino acid
Cooney TG; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University,; Portland.
Patients with advancing HIV infection are subject to a broad range of complications that may challenge the primary care physician. The presence of more than one complication at a time is common. Selected, common complications are discussed, including a discussion of the approach to diagnosis and management. Areas cove
Beck K; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Harbor-UCLA Medical; Center, Torrance 90509.
Mycobacterial disease is a major part of the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) associated with HIV infection. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are the most common mycobacterial pathogens afflicting HIV-positive patients. Infection with MAI tends to be an OI of advanced A
Makadon HJ; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215.
In routine office practice, primary care physicians see both individuals at risk for HIV infection and those who are already infected. They must be prepared to assess risks of HIV infection in all patients, counsel patients with histories of high-risk behavior about the reasons to be tested for infection, and explain
Shine D; Division of General Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, NY; 10457.
HIV infection cannot be treated nor can its spread among those who use drugs be contained unless physicians diagnose and treat drug dependence. Recent changes in the DSM-III definitions simplify diagnosis. It is primarily by the presence and extent of the dependence syndrome that decisions are made regarding early HIV
Wartenberg AA; Substance Abuse Treatment Center, Roger Williams General; Hospital, Providence, RI 02908.
Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) are increasingly encountered in the medical arena, on both an inpatient and an outpatient basis, in large part because of complications related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clinicians must work to overcome long-standing antipathy towards this population in order to provide
Anastos K; Palleja SM; HIV Primary Care Services, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, NY; 10456.
HIV infection and AIDS are having a major and growing impact on women s lives. In addition to the usually described risk behaviors, many other medical or behavioral factors should prompt physicians to offer HIV counseling and testing. These include unusual or difficult-to-treat gynecologic conditions, unexplained vagu
Cooke M; Libman H; Smith MD; Cooney TG; Hollander H; Makadon HJ; Volberding PA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
The care of patients who have HIV infection requires technical competence, skill in clinical decision making, a commitment to continuing self-education, the ability to collaborate with medical and community-based service providers, and attention to the psychological and ethical aspects of patient care. General interni
Smith MD; AIDS Service, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; 21205.
Nearly one million Americans are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). With the advent of increasingly effective therapy, including intervention early in the course of infection, there will be a growing need for physicians technically and attitudinally prepared to provide primary care for HIV-infected
Volberding PA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; 94110.
The management of patients who have HIV disease, particularly those in early, asymptomatic disease stages, has recently improved. Clinical trials with zidovudine have demonstrated efficacy and greatly reduced toxicity when the drug is used for asymptomatic HIV-infected persons who have fewer than 500 CD4+ cells/mm3. A
McNicol LB; Hadersbeck RE; Dickens DR; Brown JE; William Beaumont Army Medical Center, Infectious Disease Service,; El Paso, TX 79920-5001.
A descriptive educational needs assessment was conducted at a southwestern military medical center on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and self-identification of risk factors for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A self-report questionnaire was administered to 700 pregnant women. Misinformation and lack of know
Whelan JP; Finlayson B; Department of Surgery, Hamilton Civic Hospitals, Ontario, Canada.
The risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection is small but finite. Urological surgeons are exposed through needle punctures in open surgery and splashes during endoscopic surgery. Safety glasses are difficult to use during endoscopic surgery and they do not offer complete pro
During one year we sought medical historical data for all medico-legal autopsies with toxicological analysis (n = 51); the same procedure was applied to a control group of autopsies without toxicological analysis. Historical data was available in 70 cases (69%), the proportion being significantly higher among cases wh
Thomas R; French MA; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital, WA.
OBJECTIVE: To identify some factors contributing to the development of pyomyositis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by a report of two cases and a review of the literature. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 36-year-old man with AIDS presented with tenderness of the left adductor longus muscle; a 28-ye
Li YC; Ross J; Scheppler JA; Franza BR Jr; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724.
In this report we introduce a simple, fast, and reliable method to prepare whole cell or nuclear extracts from small numbers of cells. These extracts were used to study transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) in vitro. Our results revealed that the time
Tolge CF; Factor SA; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, New York 12208.
A variety of movement disorders have been reported in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cerebral toxoplasmosis. We describe a 29-year-old man with left arm and hand focal dystonia secondary to Toxoplasma abscesses in the right lenticular nucleus and thalamus. Although a few cases of dystonia
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1991 Feb 9;135(6):218-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172329
de Haan HA; van den Hoek JA; van Haastrecht HJ; van der Meer CW; Coutinho RA; Christelijk Psychiatrisch Centrum Bloemendaal, Den Haag.
Between September 1987 and January 1989 101 drug users in The Hague were studied for HIV seroprevalence and risky injecting behaviour. A comparison was made between this group and a group of 241 drug users who were studied in the same period in Amsterdam. All HIV-infected drug users, except for one homosexual man in A
Capoccia A; Ranieri R; Busnelli M; Passaretti B; Milella AM; Vecchi L; Servizio Sanitario, Casa Circondariale di Monza.
Prisoners are considered to be a high risk population for HIV and HBV infection. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV, HBV infection and of the VDRL false positivity by performing screening tests in 496 prisoners of Monza in 1987. About a third of prisoners was HIV infected (with a high prevalence
Collo MC; Johnson JL; Finch WR; Felicetta JV; Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center, Phoenix, Ariz.
Adults with arthritic conditions are seen frequently in primary care clinics. However, more than 100 different entities can produce joint and muscle symptoms, which makes it challenging to correctly diagnose musculoskeletal complaints. There are several logical steps to follow in assessing joint disorders. The first i
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2055-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172751
Bryant ML; Ratner L; Duronio RJ; Kishore NS; Devadas B; Adams SP; Gordon JI; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of; Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Covalent linkage of myristate (tetradecanoate; 14:0) to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) 55-kDa gag polyprotein precursor (Pr55gag) is necessary for its proteolytic processing and viral assembly. We have shown recently that several analogs of myristate in which a methylene
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2141-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172768
Mauxion F; Jamieson C; Yoshida M; Arai K; Sen R; Rosenstiel Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA; 02254-9110.
The kappa B sequence (GGGACTTTCC) binds a factor, NF-kappa B, that is constitutively found in its functional, DNA binding form only in B lymphocytes. A factor with apparently indistinguishable sequence specificity can be induced in many other cell types, where it is used to regulate inducible gene expression. For exam
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2189-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172777
Hart TK; Kirsh R; Ellens H; Sweet RW; Lambert DM; Petteway SR Jr; Leary J; Bugelski PJ; Department of Experimental Pathology, SmithKline Beecham; Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells after binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 to the cell surface recognition marker CD4. gp120 is noncovalently associated with the HIV transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41, and this complex is believed responsible for the initial stages of HIV infection a
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2249-53. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172789
Tamura Y; Lai PK; Bradley WG; Konno K; Tanaka A; Nonoyama M; Laboratory of Virology, Tampa Bay Research Institute, St.; Petersburg, FL 33716.
We showed that an extract (PC6) from cones of Pinus parviflora Sieb et Zucc induced the human T-cell line CEM to produce a pepsin-sensitive soluble factor(s) that could inhibit the replication of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in CEM T cells, in U-937 histocytes, in THP-1 monocytes, and in mitogen-act
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2278-82. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172794
Inoue M; Hoxie JA; Reddy MV; Srinivasan A; Reddy EP; Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV exhibits extensive genetic diversity and it is apparent that an infected individual contains different populations of distinct viral strains, a large proportion of which has been found surprisingly to be d
Stat Med. 1991 Jan;10(1):131-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91173161
Eisenberg B; Department of Mathematics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA; 18015.
This paper analyses the risk that an individual contracts the AIDS virus in terms of the number of sexual contacts and the number of different partners. It considers the effect of the variability of susceptibility and infectiousness on the evaluation of this risk. In particular, it shows why this variability leads to
All epidemiological inquiries and all studies on VIH transmissibility allow to precise transmission risks among different population groups. For the dental practitioner, as for the other medical and paramedical staffs, these risks are weak. VIH is certainly one of the less contaminant agent, in term of nosocomial infe
Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1476-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91173307
Kato H; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller; University, New York, NY 10021.
A cellular DNA binding protein, LBP-1, sequentially interacts in a concentration-dependent manner with two sites that surround the transcriptional initiation site of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promoter. Although sequences in the downstream site (site I) were found to enhance transcription, purifie
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Feb 10;111(4):429-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91173402
Kristoffersen JE; Avdeling for forebyggende arbeid, Helsedirektoratet, Oslo.
The article briefly reviews current knowledge about the effect of telling the partner about HIV-infection. While informing one s partner has been shown to be effective in limiting the spread of classic venereal diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis, the more complex nature of HIV-infection raises several difficult i
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Feb 10;111(4):432-3. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91173403
Kristoffersen JE; Petersen G; Seksjon for tiltak mot AIDS, Etat for miljorettet helsevern,; Oslo.
The HIV counselling and testing clinic at the Oslo City Board of Health started in April 1986 to monitor its programme to encourage HIV-infected persons to inform their partners. By 1 April 1989, 65 of 233 potentially identifiable case contacts reported by 167 index patients had been tested and shown to be HIV-antibod
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Feb 10;111(4):434-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91173404
Lindemann R; Brunvand L; Medbo S; Barneavdelingen, Ulleval sykehus, Oslo.
More HIV-infected women are becoming pregnant and delivering their baby. The rate of perinatal transmission is about 30-40%. Two thirds of the verified HIV-positive Norwegian women are infected by heterosexual contact. For this reason the obstetric interview is of major importance in order to identify women at risk. W
Perinatally acquired HIV-infection is an increasing problem. Nine infants were born of HIV-infected mothers in Norway in 1988, and ten in 1989. Pediatric AIDS may involve a wide spectrum of clinical diseases with a high affinity to the central nervous system. The time from birth to
The absolute number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was counted directly in the blood of 75 healthy controls and 223 individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The HIV-seropositive individuals were also classified clinically according to the system recommended by the Centers for Disease Control. We observe
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Feb 10;111(4):464-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91173413
Storksen P; Psykiatrisk ungdomsteam Ulleval, Ulleval sykehus, Oslo.
The case illustrates the interaction between a hospitalized patient and staff members who are not well enough prepared to meet problems related to HIV-infection. A 41 year-old homosexual man with HIV-infection discovered in 1984 developed an acute psychosis in 1986. He was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward, where he
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Mar 15;133(6):590-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174032
Fordyce EJ; Blum S; Balanon A; Stoneburner RL; New York City Department of Health, AIDS Research Unit, New York; 10013.
There are few data available on the dynamics of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission among women whose only risk factor is sexual contact with intravenous drug-using males. Unlike models which rely on unconfirmed estimates regarding sexual partner selectivity and contact rates between infected
Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Apr;148(4):528-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174093
Baker DG; Mossman D; Millcreek Psychiatric Center for Children, Cincinnati, OH.
The authors surveyed 23 psychiatrically hospitalized adolescent girls regarding behavior that involves high risk of HIV infection. Over half (57%) of the girls reported high-risk sexual activities; these girls were more likely to have sexually transmitted diseases, substantial drug abuse histories, and diagnoses of co
Lee MM; Schinella RA; Department of Pathology, Bellevue Hospital, New York University; Medical Center, NY 10016.
Pulmonary microcalcifications were identified in 13 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Several patterns of calcification were noted including bubbly, plate-like, elongate, and conchoidal forms. All calcifications contained P. carinii cysts within them as
Nickoloff BJ; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center,; Ann Arbor 48109-0602.
The human progenitor cell antigen (CD34) is selectively expressed on hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow. In either cryostat sections of snap-frozen skin, or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of normal skin, anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody immunostained vascular endothelial cells and perivascular/i
In November 1989, a man with a history of intravenous (IV)-drug use first presented to the tuberculosis (TB) clinic of the Muskegon County (Michigan) Health Department (MCHD). The patient indicated that he had been treated for pulmonary TB in another city, and he produced for clinic staff his labeled medications, whic
McCormick WC; Inui TS; Deyo RA; Wood RW; University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle 98195.
OBJECTIVE: As the treatment for HIV infection has improved, AIDS has become a chronic disease, and the demand for long-term care has increased. The authors studied a cohort of hospitalized persons with AIDS to determine the proportion and characteristics of AIDS patients who could appropriately be cared for in long-te
Kohno T; Sakoda I; Ishikawa E; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Miyazaki, Japan.
An immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for (anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type I) IgG (anti-HTLV-I IgG) in serum using a chemically and safely synthesized peptide, env gp46(188-209), is described. Anti-HTLV-I IgG in test serum, which had been incubated with excess of inactive beta-D-galactosidase to eliminat
Rose RM; Fuglestad JM; Remington L; Department of Medicine, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston,; Massachusetts 02215.
The reservoir of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) during human infection is the mononuclear phagocyte. In these studies, the ability of certain macrophage-active cytokines to affect MAC growth in human alveolar macrophages was evaluated. Neither recombinant interferon-gamma (2 x 10(2) to 10(3) U/well of 5 x 10(5) cel
Cell. 1991 Mar 8;64(5):1037-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91160047
Romeo C; Seed B; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston,; Massachusetts.
We describe functional simplified T cell and Fc receptor chimeras that are capable of directing CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to specifically recognize and lyse cells expressing HIV envelope proteins. Target cells bearing HLA-DR molecules are not recognized by CTL armed with the chimeras. The variety of cell typ
Inamoto T; Yamauchi A; Nakamura H; Nakamura Y; Kanai M; Maeda M; Tagaya Y; Yodoi J; Ozawa K; Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto; University, Japan.
A human T cell leukemia virus-I infected T cell line, ATL-2, produces an interleukin-2 receptor inducing factor, adult T cell leukemia (ATL)-derived factor (ADF). In the conditioned medium (CM) of ATL-2, we found an inhibitory activity on the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent proliferation of primary cultured ra
Herchline TE; Plouffe JF; Para MF; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of; Medicine, Columbus.
Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at risk from many endocrine complications. Pentamidine has been recognised for its potential to cause symptomatic, and even life-threatening hypoglycaemia. We report two cases of diabetes mellitus presenting with ketoacidosis 3 to 4 months after pentamidine t
Chin DJ; Selby MJ; Peterlin BM; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San; Francisco 94143.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-encoded transactivator Tat is essential for viral gene expression and replication. By interacting with a nascent RNA stem-loop called the trans-acting responsive region (TAR). Tat increases rates of initiation and/or elongation of HIV transcription. Several reports have also suggeste
Earl PL; Moss B; Doms RW; Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
A detailed kinetic and quantitative analysis of the early and late biosynthetic events undergone by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus was performed. Early folding events that occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum included disulfide bond formation (t1/2 a
In 1990, the number of reported acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases among women in the United States exceeded 15,000, an increase of 34% from 1989 (1). Public health surveillance of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS epidemic has included monitoring of publicly fun
Clark SJ; Saag MS; Decker WD; Campbell-Hill S; Roberson JL; Veldkamp PJ; Kappes JC; Hahn BH; Shaw GM; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
BACKGROUND. Primary infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) frequently causes an acute, self-limited viral syndrome. To examine the relations among viral replication, the immune response of the host, and clinical illness during this initial phase of infection, we undertook a quantitative, molecular, an
Mil Med. 1991 Feb;156(2):93-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91163747
Drabick JJ; Horning VL; Lennox JL; Coyne PE; Oster CN; Knight RD; Dillard TA; Fuller SA; Damato JJ; Burke DS; Infectious Disease Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center,; Washington, DC 20307-5001.
Some individuals possess antibodies which react to HIV-1 Western blot proteins in patterns not diagnostic for HIV infection. A retrospective chart review of patients exhibiting such indeterminate HIV Western blots was performed in comparison to a control cohort of sex- and age-matched individuals from the same populat
Nurs Stand. 1991 Mar 13-19;5(25):25-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91167200
Hart S
The well-publicised dangers of contracting infection from blood-borne viruses make an awareness of comprehensive protective measures for self and others an imperative for nurses. Sarah Hart reviews the precautions nurses should take when dealing with contaminated blood and other body fluids, and lays emphasis on the n
Feinberg J; Hoth DF Jr; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of; Medicine, Baltimore.
Infections and malignancies account for most deaths in patients with AIDS--and will continue to do so as long as HIV-induced immunosuppression is progressive and irreversible. Options available for prevention and improved management of such diseases are changing as new agents emerge, new combinations of agents are dev
J Immunol. 1991 Mar 15;146(6):1743-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91170707
Fisher CL; Ghysdael J; Cambier JC; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology; and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206.
Recent studies have demonstrated that the nuclear protein, Ets-1, which is preferentially expressed in lymphocytes, binds to the long terminal repeat of Moloney murine sarcoma virus and HTLV-1 and regulates gene expression. The association of Ets-1 with DNA has been shown to be lost when the protein is phosphorylated.
As of December 31, 1990, the number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in Italy exceeded 8000. Although 67% of AIDS cases in Italy occurred among intravenous (IV)-drug users, the role of transmission through heterosexual contact with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV
Lange WR; Denny SC; Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Some patients need medical preparation and physician counseling before traveling to eastern European countries. In addition to baseline immunizations, a measles booster, a polio booster, typhoid vaccination, and immune globulin prophylaxis against hepatitis A may be indicated. Advice should also be given regarding air
Daar ES; Moudgil T; Meyer RD; Ho DD; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School; of Medicine.
BACKGROUND. The rapidly evolving clinical picture of primary infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suggests that a better understanding of the kinetics of viral replication in vivo during the short period before seroconversion may provide insight into the pathogenesis of the acquired immunodef
McCleod MJ; Pecora AA; Sorbello AF; Condoluci D; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and; Dentistry of New Jersey, School of Osteopathic Medicine,; Stratford.
The case reported here fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome without laboratory evidence of human immunodeficiency virus. The patient, a 63-year-old man, had received transfusions of several units of packed red blood cells after a coronary bypass
Tamura K; Sagawa K; Kimura N; Sato H; Katakami H; Imada S; Inoue M; Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Hospital,; Japan.
A patient with chronic T-cell leukemia characterized by a suppressor phenotype is reported. A 71-year-old woman presented with symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia. Peripheral blood specimen showed abnormal lymphoid cells with an oval to cleaved nucleus, rather condensed chromatin, occasional prominent nucleolus, and b
Presse Med. 1991 Jan 19;20(2):68-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91156609
d'Ivernois C; Lacut JY; Warin JF; Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Saint-Andre, Bordeaux.
The frequency of cardiac lesions in AIDS patients is diversely evaluated. At post-mortem examination macroscopic lesions are said to have been found in 20 percent of the patients, and microscopic lesions in 50 percent. In some clinical studies, up to 55 percent of the patients had echocardiographic abnormalities. All
Emau P; McClure HM; Isahakia M; Else JG; Fultz PN; Yerkes Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta,; Georgia 30322.
Analysis of serum samples from 100 wild-caught or colony-born Sykes monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in Kenya revealed that 59 animals had antibodies cross-reactive to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and to simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). A lentivirus, designated S
Presse Med. 1991 Feb 2;20(4):163-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91164354
Coutellier A; Herson S; Devillechabrolle A; Lopez O; Emerit J; Franchi J; Service de Medecine interne, l'hopital de la Salpetriere.
The results of 20 months activity of the anonymous and free-of-charge detection centre of the Pitie-Salpetriere hospital group, Paris, concerning human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) are presented. During that period, 3,480 persons consulted and 3,332 anonymous questionnaires were filled and returned: 20.5 pe
Clerici M; Lucey DR; Zajac RA; Boswell RN; Gebel HM; Takahashi H; Berzofsky JA; Shearer GM; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Four synthetic peptides corresponding to the IIIB sequence of gp160 of HIV were recently reported to stimulate Th cell function by PBL from HIV-infected, asymptomatic patients. In the present report, we used these same peptides to demonstrate CTL activity in a similar patient population. EBV-transformed B-cell lines f
Morisaki H; Tanaka T; Ishimura Y; Takeda J; Sekiguchi H; Nagano M; Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keio; University, Tokyo, Japan.
Inhibitory effects of diazepam and flunitrazepam on the superoxide anion (O2-)-generating system in granulocytes were examined for their clinical relevance. When the effects of commercial solutions and pure preparations were compared using porcine and human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro, the solutions were fou
Poppi M; Staffa G; Martinelli P; Fabrizi AP; Giuliani G; Division of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy.
A case of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow produced by spontaneous intraneural hemorrhage in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and thrombocytopenia is reported. Intraneural hemorrhage in patients with bleeding disorders occurs infrequently. It consists of acute intrafascicular bleeding, presumably produci
Thiboutot DM; Beckford A; Mart CR; Sexton M; Maloney ME; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of; Medicine, University Hospital, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center,; Hershey.
Cytomegalovirus inclusions have been reported in perineal ulcers from immunosuppressed adults. The importance of this finding is unknown. We report the first pediatric case of cutaneous cytomegalovirus infection in an infant with congenital human immunodeficiency virus infection, p
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Feb 28;175(1):298-304. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91151364
Harte WE Jr; Starrett JE Jr; Martin JC; Mansuri MM; Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute,; Wallingford, CT 06492.
An x-ray crystallographic analysis of the potent anti-HIV agent D4T revealed two independent conformations (conformers a and b) with different glycosyl bonds and furanose geometries. Conformer a exhibits the unusual O4 exo configuration and chi (C2, N1, C1 , O4 ) of -118 degrees. Conformer b exhibits a nearly planar
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 1;88(5):1783-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91156691
Kabrun N; Hodgson JW; Doemer M; Mak G; Franza BR Jr; Enrietto PJ; Department of Microbiology, State University of New York, Stony; Brook 11794.
The avian reticuloendotheliosis virus T contains within its genome the oncogene rel. The expression of this gene is responsible for the induction of lymphoid tumors in birds. Recently, the rel gene was shown to be related to the p50 DNA binding subunit of the transcription factor complex NF-kappa B. Binding sites for
A cocultivation method was used to establish a cytocidal bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) infection in primary fetal bovine lung (FBL) cell cultures. Cultures were monitored for virus production using radial immunodiffusion and agar gel immunodiffusion. Pelleted virus and detergent (CHAPS)-solubilized infected
Kieburtz KD; Giang DW; Schiffer RB; Vakil N; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, School of; Medicine, NY 14642.
An increased prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency has been reported in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We report an unexpectedly high prevalence (20%) of such abnormal vitamin B12 metabolism in a population of HIV-infected patients referred for neurological evaluation. This abnormality was
Milan D; Nicolas JF; Unite de Biologie Moleculaire du Developpement, Institut; Pasteur, Paris, France.
The replication-competent bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has been modified for use as a vector for foreign genes. The gag, pol, env, and pX regions of the virus were replaced by an exogenous nuclear location signal LacZ (nlsLacZ) or SVnlsLacZ gene. Transfection of the ovine cell line FLK-BLV, which expresses all BLV prot
Bova-Hill C; Olsen JC; Swanstrom R; Department of Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel; Hill 27599-7295.
Subgroup D avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses can penetrate a variety of mammalian cells in addition to cells from their natural host, chickens. Sequences derived from the gp85-coding domain within the env gene of a mammal-tropic subgroup D virus (Schmidt-Ruppin D strain of Rous sarcoma virus [SR-D RSV]) and a non-mam
Gardner MB; Kozak CA; O'Brien SJ; Department of Medical Pathology, School of Medicine, University; of California, Davis 95616.
A small colony of feral mice from California continues to flourish in spite of a virulent epizootic of pathological retrovirus. Epidemiological and genetic studies revealed that the viral infection is strongly balanced by the polymorphic resistance locus, Fv-4, a transcriptionally active but truncated provirus that or
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1991 Mar;18(3):357-64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91166336
Sahashi K; Fourth Department of Medicine, Aichi Medical University.
Paraneoplastic neuromuscular syndromes reveal heterogeneous clinical features and often associate with particular tumor types. Patients presenting with one of the more distinctive syndromes, such as subacute cerebellar degeneration and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, should undergo a careful search for detecting an
Okano M; Matsumoto S; Osato T; Sakiyama Y; Thiele GM; Purtilo DT; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska; Medical Center, Omaha 68198-3135.
Reports of unusually severe lymphoproliferative disorders associated with extremely high antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have recently increased. The syndrome, which we designated severe chronic active EBV infection syndrome, is characterized by persistent or intermittent fever, lymphadenopathy, and h
Fevereiro M; Roneker C; Laufs A; Tavares L; de Noronha F; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and; Parasitology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine,; Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 3B7 and 1C11 were produced against the gag gene products of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). These MAbs reacted strongly with FIV p24 in Western blots (immunoblots) and recognized p50 with a lower intensity. They specifically bound antigens in the cytoplasm of FIV-infected cells as det
Hollander H; AIDS Clinic, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0324.
Neuropsychiatric problems have assumed an increasingly prominent role in HIV-infected individuals. Disease occurs at all levels of the central and peripheral nervous systems by a variety of mechanisms. The AIDS dementia complex is the prototypical example of direct effects of HIV o
Jacobson MA; O'Donnell JJ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Both ganciclovir, a nucleoside analogue, and foscarnet, a pyrophosphate analogue, specifically bind cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) DNA polymerase and inhibit CMV replication at plasma concentrations achievable with intravenous adminis
Causey D; Department of Infectious Disease, University of Southern; California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis is the most common cause of blindness in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ganciclovir, a guanosine nucleoside, has been found to be effective in the short-term treatment of CMV retinitis and in the delay
Hardy WD; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; School of Medicine 90024.
Ganciclovir is effective in halting or delaying the progression of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, the development of neutropenia necessitates the interrup
Dieterich DT; Rahmin M; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.
As part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ganciclovir in cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) colitis, the clinical characteristics of 44 patients enrolled at one center were analyzed in detail. All were homosexual men who had
Kotler DP; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Disseminated cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection is associated with significant and progressive depletion of body cell mass and body fat in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In a study examining the ef
Drew WL; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Mount Zion; Hospital, University of California, San Francisco.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection is extremely common in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection, in whom it can produce a variety of clinical syndromes. Ganciclovir is a guanosine analogue that selectively inhibits CMV DNA polymerase when in
Webster A; Department of Virology, Royal Free Hospital, London, England.
It has been suggested that cofactors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, particularly other viral infections, may accelerate progression to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have shown that in a population of 108 HIV-infected hemophiliacs observed for up to 9 years after the first documente
DeArmond B; Department of Immunology and Antiviral Therapy II, Syntex; Research, Palo Alto, California 94303.
Ganciclovir currently is the only agent approved for use in the treatment of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis in immunocompromised patients, including those with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Its effect again
Henderly DE; Jampol LM; Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Medical; School, Chicago, Illinois.
Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis is the most common ocular opportunistic infection in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in whom it may cause loss of vision. The early diagnosis of CMV retinitis depends on patient awareness of often sub
Gerbert B; Bleecker T; Miyasaki C; Maguire BT; Department of Dental Public Health and Hygiene, School of; Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0754.
On July 27, 1990, the Centers for Disease Control reported possible transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a dentist to a patient as a result of patient care. We surveyed a random national probability sample of 300 dentists with a 26-item survey in August and September 1990 to assess reactions to
Medicine (Baltimore). 1991 Mar;70(2):137-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91171848
Cohen JI; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston,; Massachusetts.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lymphoproliferative disease is seen in patients with both congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies. Lymphoproliferative disease has been reported in 1 to 3% of renal transplant recipients. Most patients presented with solid tumor masses, rather than an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome.
Ehrlich GD; Glaser JB; Bryz-Gornia V; Maese J; Waldmann TA; Poiesz BJ; Greenberg SJ; Department of Medicine, SUNY-HSC, Syracuse.
Previously reported serologic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based findings have suggested an association between the human retrovirus, HTLV-I, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to the inherent ability of PCR to produce false-positive results, we developed a set of physical and procedural safeguards to minimize th
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2108-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172762
Valsamakis A; Zeichner S; Carswell S; Alwine JC; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6142.
Several polyadenylylation (PA) signals containing elements upstream of the AAUAAA have recently been characterized. Similar to PA elements found downstream of the AAUAAA, the upstream elements function to increase efficiency of AAUAAA use as a signal for cleavage and PA. Using deletion and linker scanning mutations we
Cell. 1991 Feb 22;64(4):727-37. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/S63148
Ahmed YF; Gilmartin GM; Hanly SM; Nevins JR; Greene WC; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center,; Durham, North Carolina 27710.
HTLV-I structural gene expression is posttranscriptionally regulated by the Rex protein and the Rex response element (RexRE), a 255 nucleotide RNA stem-loop structure located in the retroviral 3 LTR. Independent of Rex, the RexRE also plays a critical role in the polyadenylation of all HTLV-I transcripts. Folding of
Cassani F; Baffoni L; Raise E; Selleri L; Monti M; Bonazzi L; Gritti FM; Bianchi FB; Cattedra di Semeiotica Medica, Universita di Bologna, Italy.
Serum samples from 66 seropositive subjects (56 with a history of intravenous drug abuse), including asymptomatic carriers and patients with persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (PGL), AIDS related complex (ARC), and AIDS, were tested by indirect immunofluorescence on rat tissue sections and HEp-2 cells for the pres
Hutto C; Parks WP; Lai SH; Mastrucci MT; Mitchell C; Munoz J; Trapido E; Master IM; Scott GB; Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida.
Most infants with pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are infected perinatally by their mothers. To determine the proportion of exposed infants who are infected, we conducted a hospital-based prospective study in HIV-1-infected women whose infant
JAMA. 1991 Mar 27;265(12):1538-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91155198
Hersh EM; Brewton G; Abrams D; Bartlett J; Galpin J; Gill P; Gorter R; Gottlieb M; Jonikas JJ; Landesman S; et al; University of Arizona, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson 85724.
We randomized 389 symptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to ditiocarb sodium (400 mg/m2 orally for 24 weeks) or a placebo. Patients were well balanced according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) group, CD4+ cell number, and duration of disease prior to entry. Ten new acquired immunod
Lancet. 1991 Mar 2;337(8740):508-10. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91155512
Arnaudo E; Dalakas M; Shanske S; Moraes CT; DiMauro S; Schon EA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of; Physicians and Surgeons, New York.
Long-term zidovudine therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can cause a destructive mitochondrial myopathy with histological features of ragged-red fibres (RRF) and proliferation of abnormal mitochondria. In 9 zidovudine-treated patients with this myopathy we found severely reduced amoun
Lancet. 1991 Mar 9;337(8741):567-72. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91155566
Cooney EL; Collier AC; Greenberg PD; Coombs RW; Zarling J; Arditti DE; Hoffman MC; Hu SL; Corey L; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington,; Seattle.
In a randomised phase I trial of a recombinant vaccina virus vaccine expressing the gp160 envelope gene of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIVAC-1e) 35 healthy, HIV-seronegative males, 31 of whom had a history of smallpox immunisation and 4 of whom were vaccinia naive, were vaccinated and then boosted 8 weeks later
Although guidelines have been established for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) for adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, they have not been available for children (1). Experts in pediatric HIV infection (convened by the Pediatric HIV Resource Center) independently reviewed r
Kaelbling M; Eddy R; Shows TB; Copeland NG; Gilbert DJ; Jenkins NA; Klinger HP; O'Hara B; Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of; Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
Retrovirus receptors remain a largely unexplored group of proteins. Of the receptors which allow infection of human and murine cells by various retroviruses, only three have been identified at the molecular level. These receptors include CD4 for human immunodeficiency virus, Rec-1 for murine ecotropic virus, and GLVR1
Chehimi J; Bandyopadhyay S; Prakash K; Perussia B; Hassan NF; Kawashima H; Campbell D; Kornbluth J; Starr SE; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Joseph Stokes,; Jr. Research Institute, Chiildren's Hospital of Philadelphia,; Pennsylvania.
Natural killer (NK) cells are a discrete subset of leukocytes, distinct from T and B lymphocytes. NK cells mediate spontaneous non-MHC-restricted killing of a wide variety of target cells without prior sensitization and appear to be involved in initial protection against certain viral infections. Depressed NK cell-med
Brinchmann JE; Albert J; Vartdal F; Institute of Transplantation Immunology, National Hospital, Oslo,; Norway.
The virus load in CD4+ T cells from six asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals was determined by limiting-dilution analysis with a sensitive virus isolation procedure and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Both methods allowed detection of one HIV-1-infected cell among 10(5) un
Connor E; Bagarazzi M; McSherry G; Holland B; Boland M; Denny T; Oleske J; Children's Hospital AIDS Program, Children's Hospital of New; Jersey, Newark 07107.
The case histories of 27 children with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) who were followed up in the AIDS Program at the Children s Hospital of New Jersey, Newark, are reviewed. The mean and median age at PCP diagnosis were 10.8 and 7.7 months, respectively. All of the children had other clinical evidence of infect
Kovacs A; Frederick T; Church J; Eller A; Oxtoby M; Mascola L; Department of Pathology, Los Angeles County/University of; Southern California Medical Center 90033.
The relationship between CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is retrospectively investigated for 266 HIV-infected and uninfected children who were born to infected women, including 39 with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), in a population-based surveillance study. Of 2
Lancet. 1991 Mar 23;337(8743):709-11. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91163218
Barbacci M; Repke JT; Chaisson RE; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School; of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Guidelines in most developed countries for testing pregnant women for HIV infection recommend that screening should be directed to groups with acknowledged risk factors for infection. Our prospective study of HIV seroprevalence among 2724 pregnant women in an inner-city area of Baltimore, USA, showed that if these gui
Gleason-Morgan D; Church JA; Bagnall-Reeb H; Atkinson J; Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, CA; 90027.
Medical records of 18 pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with 24 central venous catheters (CVCs) were reviewed to determine the rates and types of CVC complications and to evaluate the influence of selected social factors, absolute granulocyte counts and CD4+ T cell counts on the rate of CVC infecti
Fauci AS; Schnittman SM; Poli G; Koenig S; Pantaleo G; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda,; MD 20892.
An understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is fundamental in developing successful approaches to designing effective therapeutic and vaccine strategies. In this regard, we have investigated the mechanisms by which HIV inserts itself into the human immune sy
Clerici M; Landay AL; Kessler HA; Zajac RA; Boswell RN; Muluk SC; Shearer GM; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892.
The APC/stimulating cell (APC/SC) potential of PBMC from Walter Reed stage 1 and 2 patients and patients with AIDS was tested by using these PBMC as stimulators in an allogeneic MLR. The responding cells were PBMC from unrelated, HIV- donors that were either unfractionated or depleted of APC by plastic and nylon wool
McKinney RE Jr; Maha MA; Connor EM; Feinberg J; Scott GB; Wulfsohn M; McIntosh K; Borkowsky W; Modlin JF; Weintrub P; et al; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine,; Durham, N.C. 27710.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS. Zidovudine has been shown to be an effective antiretroviral treatment in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We examined the safety of zidovudine and the tolerance of and therapeutic response to the drug in 88 children with advanced HIV disease. During a 24-week outpatient
Petteway SR Jr; Lambert DM; Metcalf BW; Department of Antiinfectives, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals,; King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939.
Infection of the T lymphocyte with HIV results in a cytopathic effect and cell death that has been linked to a selective loss of the helper T-lymphocyte function of the immune system. In addition to acute infection, which leads to cell death, a chronic or persistent infection also occurs. The persistence of these vira
No To Shinkei. 1990 Oct;42(10):945-50. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91144888
Nitta T; Yagita H; Okumura K; Sato K; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of; Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Astrocytes are regarded as matrix of the neuron in central nervous system (CNS) and involve nutritional and supporting function of neuron. It was clarified that human and murine cultured astrocytes had Fc receptor (FcR) on their cell surface from the study of EA rosette assay, reverse ADCC (antibody dependent cellular
Midgley J; Parsons PA; Shanson DC; Husain OA; Francis N; Department of Microbiology, St Stephen's Hospital, London.
Two hundred and eighty two specimens from 220 patients positive for HIV with respiratory tract symptoms, or febrile illness, or both, were examined for the presence of Pneumocystis carinii. Specimens were either induced sputum samples or bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. To establish the optimal method for laboratory dia
Poli G; Kinter AL; Justement JS; Bressler P; Kehrl JH; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,; Maryland 20892.
The pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) potently suppresses production of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, in the chronically infected promonocytic cell line U1. TGF-beta significantly (50-90%) inhibited
Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1074-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91149911
Lo SC; Tsai S; Benish JR; Shih JW; Wear DJ; Wong DM; Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases Pathology, Armed; Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306.
Coinfection with Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) enhances the ability of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) to induce cytopathic effects on human T lymphocytes in vitro. Syncytium formation of HIV-infected T cells was essentially eliminated in the presence of M. fermentans (incognitus strain), despi
Loya S; Tal R; Kashman Y; Hizi A; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Sackler School of; Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
We studied the effect of the natural marine substance illimaquinone on the catalytic activities of reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Illimaquinone inhibited the RNase H activity of the enzyme at concentrations of 5 to 10 microgram/ml, whereas RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and DNA-dependent
Biochemistry. 1991 Feb 26;30(8):2022-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91152012
Wu JC; Warren TC; Adams J; Proudfoot J; Skiles J; Raghavan P; Perry C; Potocki I; Farina PR; Grob PM; Department of Biochemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals,; Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877.
A novel dipyridodiazepinone, 6,11-dihydro-11-cyclopropyl-4-methyldipyrido[2,3-b:2 ,3 -e]- [1,4]diazepin-6-one (BI-RG-587), is a selective noncompetitive inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT-1). An azido photoaffinity analogue of BI-RG-587 was synthesized and found to irreversibly inhibit the enzyme upon UV irr
Analogues of 2 ,5 -oligoadenylates (2-5A), the cordycepin (3 -deoxyadenosine) core trimer (Co3) and its 5 -monophosphate derivative (pCo3), were shown to display pronounced anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity in vitro. Treatment of HIV-1 infected H9 cells with 1 microM Co3 or pCo3 resulted in an
Cancer Lett. 1991 Feb;56(2):181-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91152710
Zoumpourlis V; Kerr DJ; Spandidos DA; Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National; Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
A recombinant plasmid carrying the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) linked to the reporter chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene was stably introduced into rat liver cells. The transfectant cells expressed CAT activity from the HIV LTR. The response to doxorubicin was st
Nakane H; Fukushima M; Ono K; Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research; Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
Digallic acid (gallic acid 5,6-dihydroxy-3-carboxyphenyl ester) [4] was found to be a potent inhibitor of the activities of the reverse transcriptases from murine leukemia virus (MLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Under the reaction conditions specified for each of MLV and HIV reverse transcriptases, both en
Martin NL; Levy JA; Legg H; Weintrub PS; Cowan MJ; Wara DW; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco; 94143.
To diagnose infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) soon after birth in infants born to HIV type 1-infected women, we developed antiviral IgA Western blot and dot blot assays with recombinant HIV-1 proteins. Thirty-three infants born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers and nine infants born to HIV-1-seronegati
Lancet. 1991 Mar 16;337(8742):627-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91155618
Nunn P; Kibuga D; Gathua S; Brindle R; Imalingat A; Wasunna K; Lucas S; Gilks C; Omwega M; Were J; et al; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi.
The effects of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on tuberculosis management was investigated in 227 patients initially treated with a regimen containing streptomycin, isoniazid, and thiacetazone (STH). 93 of these 227 were HIV-seropositive. 60 patients, of whom 18 were HIV-seropositive, received a regimen consist
Presse Med. 1991 Jan 26;20(3):113-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91156624
Lafeuillade A; Poizot-Martin I; Dhiver C; Giovannini M; Viallat JR; Quilichini R; Bouabdallah R; Gastaut JA; Clinique des Maladies du Sang, Institut Paoli-Calmettes,; Marseille.
Although Kaposi s sarcoma is the most frequent of malignant diseases associated with AIDS and one of the first recognized manifestations of the syndrome, its management has not yet been standardized. This study concerns 70 AIDS patients with Kaposi s sarcoma followed up in the author s hospital department between june
Antman KH; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,; Boston, Massachusetts.
Hematopoietic growth factors have now been purified, cloned, and produced in bacteria and yeast. Those that are currently in clinical study include erythropoietin, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF (also called CSF-1), and multi-CSF (also called interleukin 3). Growth factor appear likely to enhance the recovery and function of ci
Ellaurie M; Rubinstein A; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,; Bronx, New York.
Serum antigen and antibody values were studied in 164 infants and children infected perinatally with HIV. HIV antigens p17, p24, gp41, and gp120 were determined in sera by immunoblot and antigen capture assays. Lymphocyte blast transformation, serum immunoglobulins, and circulating immune complexes were also evaluated
Biochemistry. 1991 Mar 12;30(10):2651-5. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159395
Tan CK; Zhang J; Li ZY; Tarpley WG; Downey KM; So AG; Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine,; Florida 33101.
The DNA polymerase and RNase H activities of HIV reverse transcriptase are both essential for HIV replication. Although the two activities are both catalyzed by a single polypeptide, they are physically separate; i.e., the DNA polymerase resides in the N-terminal domain whereas the RNase H is localized in the C-termin
Biochemistry. 1991 Mar 5;30(9):2439-44. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91159424
Stein CA; Pal R; DeVico AL; Hoke G; Mumbauer S; Kinstler O; Sarngadharan MG; Letsinger RL; Department of Medical Oncology, Columbia University College of; Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.
A phosphorothioate homocytidine 10-mer containing a cholesteryl moiety covalently linked to the 5 -end (Chol-SdC10) inhibited syncytium formation in susceptible T cells induced by HIV-1 and HIV-2. The syncytium inhibition effect was minimal with unmodified cytidine homopolymer of the same net charge. Chol-SdC10 was sh
Moyret CF; Bernard DJ; Maurizis JC; Chassagne J; Plagne R; Chollet P; Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moleculaire, Centre Jean Perrin,; Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Reverse transcriptase (RT) transcribes viral RNA into DNA to be integrated into the host genome. To study epidemiological aspects of human leukemias and lymphomas which are known to express retroviruses, clinical specimens in this report were assayed for divalent cation-dependent viral-specific RT. The assay was carri
Prince HE; Weber DM; Jensen ER; Cellular Immunology Laboratory, American Red Cross Blood; Services, Los Angeles, California 90006.
Previous studies have shown that lymphocytes from HTLV-infected persons spontaneously proliferate when cultured in vitro. We investigated which cell subsets become activated in this response. Mononuclear cells from 16 HTLV-seropositive former blood donors and 9 seronegative controls were cultured for 7 days; activatio
EMBO J. 1991 Mar;10(3):535-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91160507
Rhee SS; Hunter E; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham; 35294.
The functional roles of the matrix (MA) protein in the assembly and maturation of retroviruses was investigated with a series of MA mutants of Mason- Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), an immunosuppressive type D retrovirus. The mutants we describe here were generated by the intr
FASEB J. 1991 Mar 1;5(3):265-70. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91160856
Albright JF; Oppenheim JJ; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National; Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
The sixth symposium in the series Contemporary Topics in Immunology was held in New Orleans on June 3, 1990, at the joint meeting of The American Association of Immunologists and the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The symposium was sponsored jointly by The American Association of Immunologists
Peterson C; Health Education Project of the Prostitution and Civil Rights; Programme, Institute for Religious Studies, Ladeira da Gloria,; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Olukoya AA; Institute of Child Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine,; Lagos, Nigeria.
The most important aspect of reaching people at the grassroots level is to ensure their understanding by using the most appropriate language, and by ensuring that the largely illiterate population will, nevertheless, be well served by print and electronic mass media. The article also emphasizes the need to adapt educa
Borroto-Esoda K; Boone LR; Division of Virology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Burroughs; Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
The endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has been studied, and conditions allowing synthesis of full-length minus-strand DNA have been determined. In contrast to results reported for other retroviruses, synthesis of EIAV full-length minus-strand DNA was not impaired by hig
Kodama T; Burns DP; Silva DP; Veronese FD; Desrosiers RC; New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical; School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772.
Monoclonal antibody SF8/5E11, which recognizes the transmembrane protein (TMP) of simian immunodeficiency virus of macaque monkeys (SIVmac), displayed strict strain specificity. It reacted with cloned and uncloned SIVmac251 but not with cloned SIVmac142 and SIVmac239 on immunoblots. This monoclonal antibody neutralize
Zachar V; Spire B; Hirsch I; Chermann JC; Ebbesen P; Department of Virus and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society, Aarhus.
We investigated the nature of interaction of the malignantly transformed cell lines of trophoblast origin BeWo, JAR, and JEG-3 with three different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates (RF, 3B, and NDK). After inoculation with cell-free virus, the persistence of infection was determined for 1 month by
An enquiry using a structured questionnaire was conducted among all 6300 GPs in the Netherlands in order to assess the distribution of HIV-related problems over general practices in the Netherlands and the influence on it of the use of the HIV-wijzer voor de huisarts , a loos
Goudsmit J; Smit L; Human Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Virology, Amsterdam,; The Netherlands.
Like particular monoclonal antibodies to CD4, monoclonal antibodies to epitopes localized at the top of the alpha-subunit (CD11a) and at the stem of the beta-subunit (CD18) of the lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) block syncytium formation when added to CD4+ T-cells before or shortly after (5 min) cell
Loleit M; Troger W; Wiesmuller KH; Jung G; Strecker M; Bessler WG; Institut fur Immunbiologie der Universitat Freiburg.
Lipopeptide analogues of bacterial lipoprotein activate macrophages and B lymphocytes. The products formed by coupling these lipopeptides to low molecular mass antigens can be used to induce antigen-specific antibodies in mice. In the present work, it is shown that HIV-1 gp160-derived synthetic oligopeptides coupled t
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a volunteer immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus VSC-25 expressing the gp160 env protein of HTLV-IIIB strain and from an asymptomatic HIV-infected individual were immortalized by Epstein-Barr (EBV). Clones which secrete human monoclonal antibodies from the two individuals (DZ,
Truneh A; Buck D; Cassatt DR; Juszczak R; Kassis S; Ryu SE; Healey D; Sweet R; Sattentau Q; Department of Cell Sciences, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals,; King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406.
The high affinity binding site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp120 resides within the amino-terminal domain (D1) of CD4. Mutational and antibody epitope analyses have implicated the region encompassing residues 40-60 in D1 as the primary binding site for gp120. Outside of this region, a
J Immunol. 1991 Mar 15;146(6):1964-71. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91170738
Manca F; Habeshaw J; Dalgleish A; Department of Immunology, University of Genoa, San Martino; Hospital, Italy.
The envelope glycoprotein of HIV gp120 is a T cell Ag in experimental animals and in humans infected with HIV or deliberately immunized with gp120 in various forms. Inasmuch as T cell responses result from the interaction of Ag processed and presented by APC with the unprimed T cell repertoire, we have investigated th
De Maria A; Pantaleo G; Schnittman SM; Greenhouse JJ; Baseler M; Orenstein JM; Fauci AS; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and; Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 20892.
In this study, we have investigated the basic requirements for HIV-1 infection of CD8+ lymphocytes in vitro. Unfractionated PBL obtained from healthy HIV-1 seronegative donors were activated with PHA and infected in vitro with HIV-1LAV. Based on immunofluorescent labeling, the vast majority of cells (85 to 97%) surviv
Kuczek ES; Shannon MF; Pell LM; Vadas MA; Division of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary; Science, Adelaide, South Australia.
A number of mesenchymal cells produce hemopoietic growth factors in response to inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo. Induced transcription from the hemopoietic growth factor genes is at least partially responsible for their increased expression. We have previously identified a sequence, cytokine (CK)-1, in the
Honig LS; Lipka JJ; Young KY; Weiss JH; Foung SK; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford; University Medical Center, CA.
A male patient developed leg numbness and weakness, and bowel, bladder, and erectile dysfunction. Examination revealed an isolated thoracic myelopathy, with lower-extremity spasticity, decreased vibration and position sense, hyperreflexia, and Babinski s signs. Serum and CSF showed antibody reactivity to human T-cell
Amin M; Gross J; Andrews C; Furman S; Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New; York 10467.
A 21-year-old. HIV negative, malnourished, homeless woman with congenital heart block had a pacemaker implanted at 7 years of age and multiple procedures thereafter. The most recent of these procedures was replacement of a pulse generator in the right pectoral region. Four months later she had fever, pain, and swellin
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2356-60. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172807
Baba M; De Clercq E; Tanaka H; Ubasawa M; Takashima H; Sekiya K; Nitta I; Umezu K; Nakashima H; Mori S; et al; Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan.
In the search for 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) derivatives, we have found several 5-ethyl-6-(phenylthio)uracil analogues to be highly potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. 1-Benzyloxymethyl-5-ethyl-6-phenylthiouracil, the most potent congener of the
P R Health Sci J. 1990 Aug;9(2):161-4. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91172959
Kraiselburd EN; Williams DC; Kessler MJ; Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of; Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from four different primate species were tested for their respective ability to support the in vitro replication of the human immunodeficiency viruses, HIV-1, and HIV-2. PBMC of Cebus apella, patas (Erythrocebus patas), green (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) and rhesu
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:11-21. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174330
Prasad VR; Goff SP; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, College of; Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; 10032.
The retroviral RT is properly under intensive study as the major target of antiviral therapy. The enzyme exhibits a number of features that make it an attractive target: it is crucial for viral replication; its RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity is probably unique to viral replication, or if not unique, is generall
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:224-37. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174342
Coen DM; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Antiviral drug resistance is an area of increasing importance in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), not only in terms of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but also opportunistic pathogens such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:346-55. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174355
Wainberg MA; Tremblay M; Rooke R; Blain N; Soudeyns H; Parniak MA; Yao XJ; Li XG; Fanning M; Montaner JS; et al; Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
3 -Azido-2 ,3 -dideoxy-5-methylcytidine (CS-92, AzddMeC) is an antiviral nucleoside analogue structurally related to 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine ( AZT ). CS-92 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 replication in hu
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;616:408-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/91174360
Frank KB; Connell EV; Holman MJ; Huryn DM; Sluboski BC; Tam SY; Todaro LJ; Weigele M; Richman DD; Mitsuya H; et al; Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey; 07110-1199.
Jonckheer T; de Selys A; Pierre C; Pattijn S; Vercauteren G; Moens E; Taelman H; Piot P; Institut de Medecine Tropicale, Antwerpen.
A 7 month-old HIV-infected infant of African origin was admitted to the hospital. A routinely performed fundoscopy showed the presence of an unilateral left retinitis. Urine culture was positive for cytomegalovirus ( CMV ). Tre
Adachi A; Ono N; Sakai H; Ogawa K; Shibata R; Kiyomasu T; Masuike H; Ueda S; Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Japan.
Mutations were introduced by recombinant DNA techniques into 9 genes of an infectious molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The 24 mutants generated were characterized biochemically and biologically by transfection and infection experiments. None of the mutants which have mutations in gag (p17, p24,
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