Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1991. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
ANTI-HIV-1 ADCC
AIDS Vaccine Research and Clinical Trials. Putney SD and Bolognesi DP, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 157-77, 1990.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91676947 Lyerly HK; Tyler DS; Nastala CL; Weinhold KJ; Dept. of Surgery, Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC
Abstract:
Several virus-specific cytotoxic activities are capable of destroying HIV-1-infected cells. One of these--antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)--is reviewed with respect to HIV-1-specific protective and pathogenic responses, with particular emphasis on recent work by the authors. Topics include target antigens and antibody specificities for ADCC and antibody isotypes directing ADCC, ontogenic aspects of ADCC reactivities (infected chimpanzees or laboratory worker and ADCC vs stage of disease), effector cells mediating ADCC, gp120-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC; characterization, antigen receptors, correlation between anti-gp120 CMC and ADCC activities, and gp120-specific CMC and interleukin-2), and therapeutic approaches. ADCC is an effective mechanism for lysing gp120-expressing targets in vitro, either directly by antibody-armed natural killer/K (NK/K) cells or indirectly by NK/K cells after the gp120 has been bound by anti-gp120 antibodies. Both forms of ADCC exhibit lytic activities against gp120-expressing targets from widely divergent HIV-1 isolates in a non-MHC-restricted fashion. Although the antibodies that mediate anti-HIV-1 ADCC are present in high titers soon after infection, the effectiveness of ADCC in vivo and its role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection remain to be determined. Classically, the antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have held a dominant position as the major cytolytic effector population capable of controlling disease progression. The level of in vitro ADCC activities (both direct and indirect) described here is at least equal to those of anti-HIV-1 CTL. In an arena of high titers of antibodies and continuously circulating effector cells, ADCC could thus be viewed at a level comparable to that of the CTL. Ultimately, the relative contribution of these two effector mechanisms to either disease progression or pathogenesis will need to be assessed. (30 Refs)
Keywords: Animal Antibody Specificity/IMMUNOLOGY Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/*IMMUNOLOGY Chimpansee troglodytes Human HIV Antibodies/BIOSYNTHESIS HIV Antigens/*IMMUNOLOGY HIV Envelope Protein gp120/IMMUNOLOGY HIV Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL HIV-1/*IMMUNOLOGY Killer Cells/IMMUNOLOGY Killer Cells, Natural/IMMUNOLOGY Laboratory Infection/IMMUNOLOGY Viral Vaccines/*IMMUNOLOGY MONOGRAPH REVIEW 912130
M91C4094
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1991. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
