Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1991. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
INFECTION OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES WITH HUMAN AND SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES
AIDS Vaccine Research and Clinical Trials. Putney SD and Bolognesi DP, eds. New York, Marcel Dekker, p. 339-49, 1990.. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ICDB/91676953 Fultz PN; McClure HM; Anderson DC; Yerkes Regional Primate Res. Center, Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA
Abstract:
For an animal model to be useful in vaccine efficacy studies, it must meet the following requirements: (1) essentially all animals become infected following inoculation of virus; (2) infection can be detected easily by isolation of virus, which can be quantified; (3) seroconversion occurs; and (4) infection elicits disease, preferably analogous to disease induced by the same virus in humans. The authors' work on two models for AIDS, HIV-1 infection of chimpanzees and simian immunodeficiency virus (isolate SIV/SMM) infection of mangabey and macaque monkeys, is reviewed. Direct testing of vaccines for eventual use in humans, possibly using the chimpanzee with two diverse strains of HIV-1, suggested an effective universal vaccine might be difficult to produce. At least three immunization and challenge studies performed in chimpanzees all failed to protect against infection. The limited number of chimpanzees makes prohibitive their use for studies of combinations of antigens administered by different immunizing regimens. SIV/SMM was isolated from naturally infected mangabey monkeys at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center. SIM/SMM was used to successfully infect macaques; clinical symptoms in the 8/13 animals that died and in the survivors include lymphadenopathy, anemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and preferential loss of CD4+ cells. Following inoculation of SIV/SMM, most macaques developed antibodies to env- and gag-encoded proteins between 3 and 6 wk, but few or no neutralizing antibodies were detected in serum from rhesus macaques up to 30 mo after infection. Infection of macaques elicits a spectrum of disease states that can be identified as comparable to lymphadenopathy, AIDS-related complex, and AIDS. This model, therefore, appears to be an excellent one for HIV infection in humans. Work is in progress to develop a third system, HIV-2 infection of macaques, but the percentage of animals that become infected following iv inoculation is significantly lower than that achieved in the other two systems. (19 Refs)
Keywords: Animal Antigenic Variation/IMMUNOLOGY Chimpansee troglodytes Human HIV/*IMMUNOLOGY HIV Antibodies/BIOSYNTHESIS HIV Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL HIV-1/IMMUNOLOGY Macaca mulatta Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*IMMUNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL SIV/*IMMUNOLOGY Vaccines, Synthetic/*IMMUNOLOGY Viral Vaccines/*IMMUNOLOGY MONOGRAPH 912130
M91C4089
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Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 1991. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date.
